Wikiversity enwikiversity https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wikiversity:Main_Page MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.7 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikiversity Wikiversity talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk School School talk Portal Portal talk Topic Topic talk Collection Collection talk Draft Draft talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 103 1982 2720009 2639858 2025-06-29T13:23:05Z 2404:3100:1452:BE0A:6C51:89F4:CFC1:40A /* New Departmental scheme */ 2720009 wikitext text/x-wiki If you want to experiment with a radical new version of [[Portal:Social Sciences]] you can work at [[Portal:Social Sciencesnew]]. If you update featured content on this portal, make sure that you update [[Portal:Social Sciences/Featured]]. ---- ==Hey people== Did you get to hear or see what the vandals did on the main [[Wikiversity]] page? If not, check the page history, it was terrible. [[User:Lawman]] was the first to witness the effect. The admins should better consult him for the investigation. How dishonorable the act is? I appeal to all noble people who are beyond such barbaric acts to be vigilant throughout [[Wikiversity]]. [[User:Humble Guy]] I think we'll survive pr0n spammers so long as there are enough regular visitors to revert mischief. [[User:Lucidish|Lucidish]] 18:59, 29 August 2005 (UTC) ==Does "communication" belong in the social sciences?== Communication Courses seem more like they'd belong in a [[Wikiversity:Humanities]] league. Just a thought. [[User:Jxn|jxn]] 19:56, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC) One of the things you should consider doing, if you wish for people to enroll in Wikiversity courses is to make it really, really easy to do. I would like to enroll in the school of economics. I searched for about an hour for a way to enroll, and never did find one. Put a link right near the top of the Wikiversity home page; >>>ENROLLMENT<<<. I'm not saying there isn't a way somewhere, but I didn't find it. Wilbur Wilson wilsonw@harborlink.com It seems obvious to me that communications theory belongs in the social sciences, though I would call it a subcategory of Sociology. Though this brings up the whole notion of a categorization scheme for the social sciences, which I'll talk about in a sec. [[User:Lucidish|Lucidish]] 18:58, 29 August 2005 (UTC) --[[Special:Contributions/2404:3100:1452:BE0A:6C51:89F4:CFC1:40A|2404:3100:1452:BE0A:6C51:89F4:CFC1:40A]] ([[User talk:2404:3100:1452:BE0A:6C51:89F4:CFC1:40A|discuss]]) 13:22, 29 June 2025 (UTC)== New Departmental scheme== Quite literally the word "anthropology" means the study of humans, so every so-called "Social science" is actually a branch of anthropology. Accordingly, I think that's what the entire faculty should be named. :Moreover, the way I see it, disciplines would look like this, if they were arranged by topic: '''The Anthropologies''' * School of Psychology * School of Sociology <Journalism, Social Work, Activism, Police Services> ** School of Communication *** School of Media Studies ** School of Development Science ** School of Economics ** School of Political Science ** ''Cultural Studies'' * School of History * School of Human Ecology ** School of Geography ** ''A #REDIRECT [[ <gallery> Target page name </gallery> ]] rcheology <and Forensics>'' * (Indsnry.) College of Social Work (applied Social Science) * (Indsnry.) College of Social psychology ** ''Linguistics'' :Note that "geography", "Human ecology", "archeology" and "linguistics" have been included. :Economics and politics are specialized fields of sociology because they describe the makeup of societies and the activity within them. ::Sorry, but this doesn't gel with most established Universities... Economics and Politics are separate fields of study distinct from Sociology.--[[User:Dnjkirk|Dnjkirk]] 07:32, 7 October 2006 (UTC) :"Interdisciplinary" fields I dubbed "colleges". :In hard brackets are some of the applications of each field, indicating that some generic introductory material will be included to bridge the gap between theory and practice. :Italicized are disciplines that would not have departments of their own. :All the research done in Anthropology would be downloaded into the appropriate discipline(s). [[User:Lucidish|Lucidish]] 04:21, 31 August 2005 (UTC) ::I don't see any particular reason that we need a hierarchical scheme at all. Why not simply use the categorization functionality of MediaWiki to put schools (and courses) in multiple categories? -- [[User:164.125.27.221|164.125.27.221]] 09:11, 8 August 2006 (UTC) Shouldn't History be in the Social Sciences? Furthermore I think the name "Social ''Sciences''" is problematic. I much prefer the name "Social ''Studies''." [[User:Fokion|Fokion]] 02:30, 9 September 2006 (UTC) ::This is what is great about wikis. History can be in which ever school it wants to be, both at the same time. No need for it to fall under just one cat.--[[User:Rayc|Rayc]] | ([[User_talk:Rayc|Talk]]) 05:01, 9 September 2006 (UTC) :::That's fine, but currently it's not here or in the Humanities. I don't care if it gets put in both places, but clearly it should be created! [[User:Jade Knight|Jade Knight]] 07:23, 7 October 2006 (UTC) ::Social Studies or Social Sciences, they are both used in universities all over and the distinction is negligible. The argument will continue long into the future no matter what it is, so it's probably better in the long run just to make a decision early and stick with it.--[[User:Dnjkirk|Dnjkirk]] 07:32, 7 October 2006 (UTC) ::History should not be in "Social Sciences" because it is not a scientific discipline or attempting to be a scientific discipline. Social Sciences are those disciplines that try to use scientific methods to study human beings, such as sociology and psychology. Political Science can be included because many of its practitioners use scientific methods such as statistical analysis and scientific polling. A simple rule of thumb, if the discipline includes "science" or "-ology" in its names then it should be considered a "science". Given a list of departments I would never look in "social sciences" for history. History is like the study of literature or art, not like sociology. It searches for understanding, not scientific technocratic solutions. --[[Special:Contributions/125.60.227.202|125.60.227.202]] 12:59, 8 April 2008 (UTC) == List of teachers == If learners are teachers and teachers are learners, shouldn't a list of active participants by definition include the list of both teachers and learners? Why must this be reproduced?--[[User:Dnjkirk|Dnjkirk]] 07:32, 16 October 2006 (UTC) == Totally Redone!! == '''[[School:Strategic Studies|Strategic Studies]]''' has ''completely'' cribbed the template from Humanities and created their own killer page. It's probably better set up now for a cribbing by Social Sciences, if someone's up to the task... Right now I've got to get on redesigning Strategic Studies' templates! HOHO!!--[[User:Dnjkirk|Dnjkirk]] 16:58, 25 October 2006 (UTC) == Genealogy == I would like some input on exactly where Genealogy belongs. I don't see anything on it yet, but am interested in starting something. As it's own department? Or as a sub-department under ... perhaps History? I'm open to suggestions. [[User:Wjhonson|Wjhonson]] 07:48, 26 November 2006 (UTC) ==New page format== I started [[Portal:Social Sciencesnew]] as a work space for new designs of [[Portal:Social Sciences]]. My main goal was to include [[Wikiversity:Featured|featured content]] and links to other Wikiversity content about Social Sciences. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 00:09, 22 January 2007 (UTC) ==Active participants== *Roy H. Brown, LCSW - interested in teaching *Ruzzel Brian Mallari- needs help for School of Demography kindly email me: rcmallari1@up.edu.ph *Emanuele Canegrati - interested in teaching Political Economy and Political Economy Projects —The preceding [[Wikiversity:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] ([[User talk:JWSchmidt|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/JWSchmidt|contribs]]) 23:43, 21 January 2007 (UTC). *[[User:L0stUs3r|William Hamblin]] 07:46, 16 May 2010 (UTC) - Working on developing the new department of military history. <!-- HagermanBot Auto-Unsigned --> == Things you can do == The "todo" list box is currently being truncated and is virtually useless for this reason at the moment. Can anyone fix this? I've tried to figure it out, but failed. [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 00:29, 29 June 2007 (UTC) == In need of Peer Review/Criticism == I am looking for some serious critiquing on my project here, I know many of you are probably busy enough. But, I do not feel dignified by begging. [[Recovery_psychology]]--[[User:Recovery Psychology|recovery psychologist]] 01:46, 17 April 2008 (UTC) : Congratulations on your very substantial work on this resource. I will gradually take a look and see if I can help where I can - I have much to learn from it and an interest in humanistic/positive psychology, and anti-psychiatric viewpoints. I like the way you've positioned the topic in the introduction (as academic but also activist). I didn't look closely enough yet, but does recovery psychology include examination of the history of [[w:Anti-psychiatry|anti-psychiatric arguments]] e.g., Thomas Szasz? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - [[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] 01:53, 17 April 2008 (UTC) Absolutely examing anti-psychiatry arguements point-counter point is essential to recovery psychology, since the recovery concept is very much influenced by anti-psychiatry. Actually on the humanistic-positive psychology aspects, I was working with another ''student-consumer'' who felt it all should be humanistic, I felt it should be eclectic or integrated school of thought (all except the Freud) Positive psychology, although when I read what I have seen so far on it looks like it is not very accepting of persons with psychological disorders, as if it is only about the so called normal, pathologically normal, or chronically normal finding happiness...other than that [http://psychservices.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/57/1/120 I would say that positive psychology and recovery psychology would be like twins] (except one has a mental illness) --[[User:Recovery Psychology|recovery psychologist]] 20:22, 17 April 2008 (UTC) : I've semi-randomly flipped through some [[Recovery psychology]] pages, and am appreciating the depth and quality of the material. One thought for you is to consider renaming the pages by topic rather than by lesson number. You could still have a sequential course outlined, but it would also facilitate people being able to come in and find and learn from specific, single topics. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - [[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] 02:44, 17 April 2008 (UTC) I will have to consider that...If you see the talk page on the course summary page; I have thought of doing that study I mention there offline, since I guess we are not supposed to do any actual or original research here on wikiversity, but it would be APA published research paper, the question of self-promotion comes in it I qoute myself after I am officially published, what are the ethics or guidelines here on that?--[[User:Recovery Psychology|recovery psychologist]] 20:22, 17 April 2008 (UTC) : Hi RP, I don't see any problem with original research on wikiversity, e.g., see [[Portal:Research]]. If you do consider renaming, maybe see [[Wikiversity:Naming conventions#Lessons]]. Here's an example of a way I've created sequenced content, but also created lessons with unique and descriptive names [[Survey research methods and design in psychology#Topics]]. Hope this helps. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - [[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] 05:11, 19 April 2008 (UTC) ==Critical Updates== The Social Sciences Portal is in need of critical updates, as opposed to discussing them, I'm going to start making the changes and as people disagree with the changes,I beg for feedback and help in attempting to revitalize Wikiversity ... let's not let this good thing, fade away. <br /> Some major projects that I am going to be working on are: <br /> -Wikiversity Social Sciences Summit 2009 ([[WS3 2009|WS3 2009]]) scheduled for 21 - 25 September,2009; more to follow. Make sure to check back into the page as often as possible for updates. <br /> -[[Wikiversity Social Sciences Featured Articles Program]] <br /> -[[Wikiversity Social Sciences Featured Research Program]] <br /> -[[Wikiversity Social Sciences Research Centers and Programs]] ===Departmental Changes=== I figured that this would be really controversial so I am going to give the reason why the change is being made so that folks don't get too upset. We are trying to define Social Sciences as if it were a wikipedia page by adding all of the different disciplines that we think should be added. As opposed to trying to redefine Social Sciences, why don't we just use the Wikipedia page to make the divisions. If you have an issue, change the Wikipedia page and then we can add it to the Wikiversity page. In essence, we're allowing the broader Wikipedian society to help us define the major Social Science Divisions ... flawed logic? This way we don't have a list of divisions that literally runs over a page long. We can have the departments within each division, represent the different disciplines that each Division may have. --[[User:JaylanHaley|JaylanHaley]] 04:08, 2 September 2009 (UTC) :Makes sense enough. Do make sure you pay attention to [[w:Social_Sciences#Further_fields]], however. [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] ^{[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]} 05:15, 2 September 2009 (UTC) :The structuring of [[w:social sciences]] and related pages I think is quite mature, so this make sense. I've noticed especially on WV in the School: and Portal: name spaces a lot of rather empty structure, so by all means tidy up and be as consistent as possible not just with wikipedia but also check [[b:social sciences]]. Personally I've tended to drill bottom-up, e.g., I've tried to organise [[Psychology]] pages, but we need people approaching from all angles/levels. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - [[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]] 05:20, 2 September 2009 (UTC) ::And I'm doing the same kind of work over at [[School:History|History]]. [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] ^{[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]} 06:34, 2 September 2009 (UTC) :::You know, I was just thinking, if we could get just one very active "bureaucrat"/participant from each of the schools here, that could be a very good thing. Right now, looks like we've got Jtneill for Psychology, JaylanHaley for Political Science, and me for History (and theoretically for Linguistics, but I mostly just ignore the [[School:Linguistics|School]] there, as I mostly am only interested in [[English Language|ELang]]). [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] ^{[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]} 06:43, 2 September 2009 (UTC) :Great discussion thus far ... I am absolutely going to be working on the Political Science page and I have been thinking about taking on another project (Division) but for the next couple of weeks, I am going to be working on cleaning up the Social Sciences and Political Science Pages so that they can be streamlined and ready to go. In a couple of weeks I am going to be hosting the [[WS3 2009|Wikiversity Social Sciences Summit]] and I encourage you all to attend. The specifics of the conference have not been fully conceived but I think once I get everything organized it should be an interesting experience. If anyone needs any help with anything, let me know.--[[User:JaylanHaley|JaylanHaley]] 17:19, 2 September 2009 (UTC) == Category Tree == I think we should make a Category like the one below, but for the entire School. (This one is featured at [[Portal:History]].) {{Robelbox|theme=1|title=Guide to History|icon=Question book-3.png|iconwidth=48px|height=100%}} <div style="{{Robelbox/pad}}"> {{Portals/Guide intro}}{{#categorytree:History|mode=all|depth=1}} </div> {{Robelbox/close}} [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] ^{[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]} 06:36, 2 September 2009 (UTC) :And put it on the Portal. Forgot to mention that part. [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] ^{[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]} 06:38, 2 September 2009 (UTC) ::That's an awesome idea ... I'll work on incorporating that into the Social Sciences page. I'll use the history link as the guinea pig. Actually, I'll use the Political Science Department. Since it's a little thin. I'll work on the categorization because that's going to be the biggest pain.--[[User:JaylanHaley|JaylanHaley]] 17:22, 2 September 2009 (UTC) ciz32a05se7f3c1mb03sb05nomqu0nh 2720010 2720009 2025-06-29T13:24:05Z MathXplore 2888076 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/2404:3100:1452:BE0A:6C51:89F4:CFC1:40A|2404:3100:1452:BE0A:6C51:89F4:CFC1:40A]] ([[User talk:2404:3100:1452:BE0A:6C51:89F4:CFC1:40A|talk]]) to last version by MathXplore: test edits, please use the sandbox 2169328 wikitext text/x-wiki If you want to experiment with a radical new version of [[Portal:Social Sciences]] you can work at [[Portal:Social Sciencesnew]]. If you update featured content on this portal, make sure that you update [[Portal:Social Sciences/Featured]]. ---- ==Hey people== Did you get to hear or see what the vandals did on the main [[Wikiversity]] page? If not, check the page history, it was terrible. [[User:Lawman]] was the first to witness the effect. The admins should better consult him for the investigation. How dishonorable the act is? I appeal to all noble people who are beyond such barbaric acts to be vigilant throughout [[Wikiversity]]. [[User:Humble Guy]] I think we'll survive pr0n spammers so long as there are enough regular visitors to revert mischief. [[User:Lucidish|Lucidish]] 18:59, 29 August 2005 (UTC) ==Does "communication" belong in the social sciences?== Communication Courses seem more like they'd belong in a [[Wikiversity:Humanities]] league. Just a thought. [[User:Jxn|jxn]] 19:56, 21 Mar 2005 (UTC) One of the things you should consider doing, if you wish for people to enroll in Wikiversity courses is to make it really, really easy to do. I would like to enroll in the school of economics. I searched for about an hour for a way to enroll, and never did find one. Put a link right near the top of the Wikiversity home page; >>>ENROLLMENT<<<. I'm not saying there isn't a way somewhere, but I didn't find it. Wilbur Wilson wilsonw@harborlink.com It seems obvious to me that communications theory belongs in the social sciences, though I would call it a subcategory of Sociology. Though this brings up the whole notion of a categorization scheme for the social sciences, which I'll talk about in a sec. [[User:Lucidish|Lucidish]] 18:58, 29 August 2005 (UTC) == New Departmental scheme== Quite literally the word "anthropology" means the study of humans, so every so-called "Social science" is actually a branch of anthropology. Accordingly, I think that's what the entire faculty should be named. :Moreover, the way I see it, disciplines would look like this, if they were arranged by topic: '''The Anthropologies''' * School of Psychology * School of Sociology <Journalism, Social Work, Activism, Police Services> ** School of Communication *** School of Media Studies ** School of Development Science ** School of Economics ** School of Political Science ** ''Cultural Studies'' * School of History * School of Human Ecology ** School of Geography ** ''Archeology <and Forensics>'' * (Indsnry.) College of Social Work (applied Social Science) * (Indsnry.) College of Social psychology ** ''Linguistics'' :Note that "geography", "Human ecology", "archeology" and "linguistics" have been included. :Economics and politics are specialized fields of sociology because they describe the makeup of societies and the activity within them. ::Sorry, but this doesn't gel with most established Universities... Economics and Politics are separate fields of study distinct from Sociology.--[[User:Dnjkirk|Dnjkirk]] 07:32, 7 October 2006 (UTC) :"Interdisciplinary" fields I dubbed "colleges". :In hard brackets are some of the applications of each field, indicating that some generic introductory material will be included to bridge the gap between theory and practice. :Italicized are disciplines that would not have departments of their own. :All the research done in Anthropology would be downloaded into the appropriate discipline(s). [[User:Lucidish|Lucidish]] 04:21, 31 August 2005 (UTC) ::I don't see any particular reason that we need a hierarchical scheme at all. Why not simply use the categorization functionality of MediaWiki to put schools (and courses) in multiple categories? -- [[User:164.125.27.221|164.125.27.221]] 09:11, 8 August 2006 (UTC) Shouldn't History be in the Social Sciences? Furthermore I think the name "Social ''Sciences''" is problematic. I much prefer the name "Social ''Studies''." [[User:Fokion|Fokion]] 02:30, 9 September 2006 (UTC) ::This is what is great about wikis. History can be in which ever school it wants to be, both at the same time. No need for it to fall under just one cat.--[[User:Rayc|Rayc]] | ([[User_talk:Rayc|Talk]]) 05:01, 9 September 2006 (UTC) :::That's fine, but currently it's not here or in the Humanities. I don't care if it gets put in both places, but clearly it should be created! [[User:Jade Knight|Jade Knight]] 07:23, 7 October 2006 (UTC) ::Social Studies or Social Sciences, they are both used in universities all over and the distinction is negligible. The argument will continue long into the future no matter what it is, so it's probably better in the long run just to make a decision early and stick with it.--[[User:Dnjkirk|Dnjkirk]] 07:32, 7 October 2006 (UTC) ::History should not be in "Social Sciences" because it is not a scientific discipline or attempting to be a scientific discipline. Social Sciences are those disciplines that try to use scientific methods to study human beings, such as sociology and psychology. Political Science can be included because many of its practitioners use scientific methods such as statistical analysis and scientific polling. A simple rule of thumb, if the discipline includes "science" or "-ology" in its names then it should be considered a "science". Given a list of departments I would never look in "social sciences" for history. History is like the study of literature or art, not like sociology. It searches for understanding, not scientific technocratic solutions. --[[Special:Contributions/125.60.227.202|125.60.227.202]] 12:59, 8 April 2008 (UTC) == List of teachers == If learners are teachers and teachers are learners, shouldn't a list of active participants by definition include the list of both teachers and learners? Why must this be reproduced?--[[User:Dnjkirk|Dnjkirk]] 07:32, 16 October 2006 (UTC) == Totally Redone!! == '''[[School:Strategic Studies|Strategic Studies]]''' has ''completely'' cribbed the template from Humanities and created their own killer page. It's probably better set up now for a cribbing by Social Sciences, if someone's up to the task... Right now I've got to get on redesigning Strategic Studies' templates! HOHO!!--[[User:Dnjkirk|Dnjkirk]] 16:58, 25 October 2006 (UTC) == Genealogy == I would like some input on exactly where Genealogy belongs. I don't see anything on it yet, but am interested in starting something. As it's own department? Or as a sub-department under ... perhaps History? I'm open to suggestions. [[User:Wjhonson|Wjhonson]] 07:48, 26 November 2006 (UTC) ==New page format== I started [[Portal:Social Sciencesnew]] as a work space for new designs of [[Portal:Social Sciences]]. My main goal was to include [[Wikiversity:Featured|featured content]] and links to other Wikiversity content about Social Sciences. --[[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] 00:09, 22 January 2007 (UTC) ==Active participants== *Roy H. Brown, LCSW - interested in teaching *Ruzzel Brian Mallari- needs help for School of Demography kindly email me: rcmallari1@up.edu.ph *Emanuele Canegrati - interested in teaching Political Economy and Political Economy Projects —The preceding [[Wikiversity:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:JWSchmidt|JWSchmidt]] ([[User talk:JWSchmidt|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/JWSchmidt|contribs]]) 23:43, 21 January 2007 (UTC). *[[User:L0stUs3r|William Hamblin]] 07:46, 16 May 2010 (UTC) - Working on developing the new department of military history. <!-- HagermanBot Auto-Unsigned --> == Things you can do == The "todo" list box is currently being truncated and is virtually useless for this reason at the moment. Can anyone fix this? I've tried to figure it out, but failed. [[User:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] 00:29, 29 June 2007 (UTC) == In need of Peer Review/Criticism == I am looking for some serious critiquing on my project here, I know many of you are probably busy enough. But, I do not feel dignified by begging. [[Recovery_psychology]]--[[User:Recovery Psychology|recovery psychologist]] 01:46, 17 April 2008 (UTC) : Congratulations on your very substantial work on this resource. I will gradually take a look and see if I can help where I can - I have much to learn from it and an interest in humanistic/positive psychology, and anti-psychiatric viewpoints. I like the way you've positioned the topic in the introduction (as academic but also activist). I didn't look closely enough yet, but does recovery psychology include examination of the history of [[w:Anti-psychiatry|anti-psychiatric arguments]] e.g., Thomas Szasz? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - [[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] 01:53, 17 April 2008 (UTC) Absolutely examing anti-psychiatry arguements point-counter point is essential to recovery psychology, since the recovery concept is very much influenced by anti-psychiatry. Actually on the humanistic-positive psychology aspects, I was working with another ''student-consumer'' who felt it all should be humanistic, I felt it should be eclectic or integrated school of thought (all except the Freud) Positive psychology, although when I read what I have seen so far on it looks like it is not very accepting of persons with psychological disorders, as if it is only about the so called normal, pathologically normal, or chronically normal finding happiness...other than that [http://psychservices.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/57/1/120 I would say that positive psychology and recovery psychology would be like twins] (except one has a mental illness) --[[User:Recovery Psychology|recovery psychologist]] 20:22, 17 April 2008 (UTC) : I've semi-randomly flipped through some [[Recovery psychology]] pages, and am appreciating the depth and quality of the material. One thought for you is to consider renaming the pages by topic rather than by lesson number. You could still have a sequential course outlined, but it would also facilitate people being able to come in and find and learn from specific, single topics. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - [[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] 02:44, 17 April 2008 (UTC) I will have to consider that...If you see the talk page on the course summary page; I have thought of doing that study I mention there offline, since I guess we are not supposed to do any actual or original research here on wikiversity, but it would be APA published research paper, the question of self-promotion comes in it I qoute myself after I am officially published, what are the ethics or guidelines here on that?--[[User:Recovery Psychology|recovery psychologist]] 20:22, 17 April 2008 (UTC) : Hi RP, I don't see any problem with original research on wikiversity, e.g., see [[Portal:Research]]. If you do consider renaming, maybe see [[Wikiversity:Naming conventions#Lessons]]. Here's an example of a way I've created sequenced content, but also created lessons with unique and descriptive names [[Survey research methods and design in psychology#Topics]]. Hope this helps. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - [[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] 05:11, 19 April 2008 (UTC) ==Critical Updates== The Social Sciences Portal is in need of critical updates, as opposed to discussing them, I'm going to start making the changes and as people disagree with the changes,I beg for feedback and help in attempting to revitalize Wikiversity ... let's not let this good thing, fade away. <br /> Some major projects that I am going to be working on are: <br /> -Wikiversity Social Sciences Summit 2009 ([[WS3 2009|WS3 2009]]) scheduled for 21 - 25 September,2009; more to follow. Make sure to check back into the page as often as possible for updates. <br /> -[[Wikiversity Social Sciences Featured Articles Program]] <br /> -[[Wikiversity Social Sciences Featured Research Program]] <br /> -[[Wikiversity Social Sciences Research Centers and Programs]] ===Departmental Changes=== I figured that this would be really controversial so I am going to give the reason why the change is being made so that folks don't get too upset. We are trying to define Social Sciences as if it were a wikipedia page by adding all of the different disciplines that we think should be added. As opposed to trying to redefine Social Sciences, why don't we just use the Wikipedia page to make the divisions. If you have an issue, change the Wikipedia page and then we can add it to the Wikiversity page. In essence, we're allowing the broader Wikipedian society to help us define the major Social Science Divisions ... flawed logic? This way we don't have a list of divisions that literally runs over a page long. We can have the departments within each division, represent the different disciplines that each Division may have. --[[User:JaylanHaley|JaylanHaley]] 04:08, 2 September 2009 (UTC) :Makes sense enough. Do make sure you pay attention to [[w:Social_Sciences#Further_fields]], however. [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] ^{[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]} 05:15, 2 September 2009 (UTC) :The structuring of [[w:social sciences]] and related pages I think is quite mature, so this make sense. I've noticed especially on WV in the School: and Portal: name spaces a lot of rather empty structure, so by all means tidy up and be as consistent as possible not just with wikipedia but also check [[b:social sciences]]. Personally I've tended to drill bottom-up, e.g., I've tried to organise [[Psychology]] pages, but we need people approaching from all angles/levels. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - [[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]] 05:20, 2 September 2009 (UTC) ::And I'm doing the same kind of work over at [[School:History|History]]. [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] ^{[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]} 06:34, 2 September 2009 (UTC) :::You know, I was just thinking, if we could get just one very active "bureaucrat"/participant from each of the schools here, that could be a very good thing. Right now, looks like we've got Jtneill for Psychology, JaylanHaley for Political Science, and me for History (and theoretically for Linguistics, but I mostly just ignore the [[School:Linguistics|School]] there, as I mostly am only interested in [[English Language|ELang]]). [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] ^{[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]} 06:43, 2 September 2009 (UTC) :Great discussion thus far ... I am absolutely going to be working on the Political Science page and I have been thinking about taking on another project (Division) but for the next couple of weeks, I am going to be working on cleaning up the Social Sciences and Political Science Pages so that they can be streamlined and ready to go. In a couple of weeks I am going to be hosting the [[WS3 2009|Wikiversity Social Sciences Summit]] and I encourage you all to attend. The specifics of the conference have not been fully conceived but I think once I get everything organized it should be an interesting experience. If anyone needs any help with anything, let me know.--[[User:JaylanHaley|JaylanHaley]] 17:19, 2 September 2009 (UTC) == Category Tree == I think we should make a Category like the one below, but for the entire School. (This one is featured at [[Portal:History]].) {{Robelbox|theme=1|title=Guide to History|icon=Question book-3.png|iconwidth=48px|height=100%}} <div style="{{Robelbox/pad}}"> {{Portals/Guide intro}}{{#categorytree:History|mode=all|depth=1}} </div> {{Robelbox/close}} [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] ^{[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]} 06:36, 2 September 2009 (UTC) :And put it on the Portal. Forgot to mention that part. [[user:Jade Knight|The Jade Knight]] ^{[[User talk:Jade Knight|(d'viser)]]} 06:38, 2 September 2009 (UTC) ::That's an awesome idea ... I'll work on incorporating that into the Social Sciences page. I'll use the history link as the guinea pig. Actually, I'll use the Political Science Department. Since it's a little thin. I'll work on the categorization because that's going to be the biggest pain.--[[User:JaylanHaley|JaylanHaley]] 17:22, 2 September 2009 (UTC) h4jxjplg1c7guuzsdrh90rw1ppk2bq0 102 23502 2720068 2703944 2025-06-29T20:57:54Z ValWinter 2986784 /* Featured Pictures */ added Wiki Commons image from here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parastichy 2720068 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Add featured pictures to the list below as a link. The displayed picture is selected randomly from this list. --> == Featured Pictures == * [[File:BesselY plot.svg|thumb|center|500x500px|Solutions of the Bessel differential equation (Calculus).]] * [[File:EnneperSurfaceAnimated.gif|thumb|center|500x500px|A portion of the Weierstrass-Enneper Surface (geometry and complex analysis)]] * [[File:Quadratic Formula.jpg|thumb|center|500x499px|Quadratic formula|alt=The formula for Quadratic Equation -]] * [[File:Midpoint.svg|thumb|center|alt=Midpoint Formula With A Example WIth No Arrows|500x500px|Midpoint]] * [[File:Distance Formula.svg|thumb|center|alt=Distance With A Triangle with the formula split.|500x500px|Distance ]] * [[File:Pflanze-Sonnenblume1-Asio.JPG|thumb|center|alt = Parastichy is a spiral pattern, sometimes in the same shape of a Fibonacci sequence, of particular plants. | 500x500px|Parastichy is a spiral pattern, sometimes in the same shape as a Fibonacci sequence, of particular plants.]] 8b3c0l0kihzmgl6701pmdr2wk2tfq4r 2720072 2720068 2025-06-29T22:57:33Z ValWinter 2986784 /* Featured Pictures */ added Wiki Commons image from here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaktovik_numerals 2720072 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Add featured pictures to the list below as a link. The displayed picture is selected randomly from this list. --> == Featured Pictures == * [[File:BesselY plot.svg|thumb|center|500x500px|Solutions of the Bessel differential equation (Calculus).]] * [[File:EnneperSurfaceAnimated.gif|thumb|center|500x500px|A portion of the Weierstrass-Enneper Surface (geometry and complex analysis)]] * [[File:Quadratic Formula.jpg|thumb|center|500x499px|Quadratic formula|alt=The formula for Quadratic Equation -]] * [[File:Midpoint.svg|thumb|center|alt=Midpoint Formula With A Example WIth No Arrows|500x500px|Midpoint]] * [[File:Distance Formula.svg|thumb|center|alt=Distance With A Triangle with the formula split.|500x500px|Distance ]] * [[File:Pflanze-Sonnenblume1-Asio.JPG|thumb|center|alt = Parastichy is a spiral pattern, sometimes in the same shape of a Fibonacci sequence, of particular plants. | 500x500px|Parastichy is a spiral pattern, sometimes in the same shape as a Fibonacci sequence, of particular plants.]] * [[File:Kaktovik digit table.svg|thumb|center|alt = The Kaktovik/Kaktovik Iñupiaq numerals are a base-20 numeral system created by Alaskan Iñupiat.| 500x500px |The Kaktovik/Kaktovik Iñupiaq numerals are a base-20 numeral system created by Alaskan Iñupiat.]] 4myu0cj7bw2m8o3pf3sglfbtu01wkru 2720073 2720072 2025-06-29T23:25:24Z ValWinter 2986784 /* Featured Pictures */ added Wiki Commons image from here: https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorema_e_4_ngjyrave 2720073 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Add featured pictures to the list below as a link. The displayed picture is selected randomly from this list. --> == Featured Pictures == * [[File:BesselY plot.svg|thumb|center|500x500px|Solutions of the Bessel differential equation (Calculus).]] * [[File:EnneperSurfaceAnimated.gif|thumb|center|500x500px|A portion of the Weierstrass-Enneper Surface (geometry and complex analysis)]] * [[File:Quadratic Formula.jpg|thumb|center|500x499px|Quadratic formula|alt=The formula for Quadratic Equation -]] * [[File:Midpoint.svg|thumb|center|alt=Midpoint Formula With A Example WIth No Arrows|500x500px|Midpoint]] * [[File:Distance Formula.svg|thumb|center|alt=Distance With A Triangle with the formula split.|500x500px|Distance ]] * [[File:Pflanze-Sonnenblume1-Asio.JPG|thumb|center|alt = Parastichy is a spiral pattern, sometimes in the same shape of a Fibonacci sequence, of particular plants. | 500x500px|Parastichy is a spiral pattern, sometimes in the same shape as a Fibonacci sequence, of particular plants.]] * [[File:Kaktovik digit table.svg|thumb|center|alt = The Kaktovik/Kaktovik Iñupiaq numerals are a base-20 numeral system created by Alaskan Iñupiat.| 500x500px |The Kaktovik/Kaktovik Iñupiaq numerals are a base-20 numeral system created by Alaskan Iñupiat.]] * [[File:4CT Inadequacy Explanation.svg|thumb|center|alt = The four-color map theorem states that no more than four colors are needed to color the regions of any map (or object) so that no two adjacent regions have the same color. | 500x500px |The four-color map theorem states that no more than four colors are needed to color the regions of any map (or object) so that no two adjacent regions have the same color. ]] 4lp1ohyhmcdqjs5a0peisk1erxr34ie 2720075 2720073 2025-06-29T23:59:06Z ValWinter 2986784 /* Featured Pictures */ added Wiki Commons gif from here: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oscillator.gif 2720075 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Add featured pictures to the list below as a link. The displayed picture is selected randomly from this list. --> == Featured Pictures == * [[File:BesselY plot.svg|thumb|center|500x500px|Solutions of the Bessel differential equation (Calculus).]] * [[File:EnneperSurfaceAnimated.gif|thumb|center|500x500px|A portion of the Weierstrass-Enneper Surface (geometry and complex analysis)]] * [[File:Quadratic Formula.jpg|thumb|center|500x499px|Quadratic formula|alt=The formula for Quadratic Equation -]] * [[File:Midpoint.svg|thumb|center|alt=Midpoint Formula With A Example WIth No Arrows|500x500px|Midpoint]] * [[File:Distance Formula.svg|thumb|center|alt=Distance With A Triangle with the formula split.|500x500px|Distance ]] * [[File:Pflanze-Sonnenblume1-Asio.JPG|thumb|center|alt = Parastichy is a spiral pattern, sometimes in the same shape of a Fibonacci sequence, of particular plants. | 500x500px|Parastichy is a spiral pattern, sometimes in the same shape as a Fibonacci sequence, of particular plants.]] * [[File:Kaktovik digit table.svg|thumb|center|alt = The Kaktovik/Kaktovik Iñupiaq numerals are a base-20 numeral system created by Alaskan Iñupiat.| 500x500px |The Kaktovik/Kaktovik Iñupiaq numerals are a base-20 numeral system created by Alaskan Iñupiat.]] * [[File:4CT Inadequacy Explanation.svg|thumb|center|alt = "The four-color map theorem states that no more than four colors are needed to color the regions of any map (or object) so that no two adjacent regions have the same color." | 500x500px |"The four-color map theorem states that no more than four colors are needed to color the regions of any map (or object) so that no two adjacent regions have the same color." ]] * [[File:Oscillator.gif|thumb|center|alt = "Sample oscillator from hexagonal Game of Life. Neighborhood is the six adjacent cells; rule is B2/S34." | 500x500px |"Sample oscillator from hexagonal Game of Life. Neighborhood is the six adjacent cells; rule is B2/S34." ]] 6j5c4dej0trt7pfmeeuhe7euw7650ta 0 40131 2720040 1866033 2025-06-29T18:09:51Z 90.146.130.233 typo 2720040 wikitext text/x-wiki "Digital Workflow" is the process by which photographs are taken, downloaded, identified (see also [[Wikipedia:Digital asset management|DAM]]), edited, delivered, printed, backed up and stored. This can consist of any number of software programs such as the computer operating systems connectivity functions, the software shipped with the camera from the manufacture such as Canon's "Digital Photo Professional" to "Digital Darkrooms" like "Aperture" (Apple), Photoshop (Adobe), GIMP (open source) or "Lightroom" (Adobe). There are many other less common programs that perform both general photo editing and very specific editing tasks such as sharpening, adding filters, or enlargement. Digital workflows allow photographers to shoot in RAW, and process their pictures exactly as needed. [[Category:Photography]] 8hzw6al2y2ju9xtf1kxm2xejqlmkfq0 0 40601 2720014 2671970 2025-06-29T15:12:09Z 49.37.102.36 /* External links */ 2720014 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introducing Numbers== Numbers should be introduced as early as possible, as young students need to understand that numbers represent values. Both teachers and guardians should engage children in activities that connect numbers to real-life objects, allowing them to count and explore numbers through physical examples. Psychologically, this approach helps students recognize the practical applications of numbers in daily life. However, the formal concept of numbers should not be skipped; it should be taught alongside these practical activities to provide a well-rounded understanding. == Developing a sound concept of numbers == Children typically learn about numbers at a very young age by learning the sequence of words, "one, two, three, four, five" etc. Usually, in chanting this in conjunction with pointing at a set of toys, or mounting a flight of steps, for example. Typically, 'mistakes' are made. Toys or steps are missed or counted twice, or a mistake is made in the chanted sequence. Very often, from these sorts of activities, and from informal matching activities, a child's concept of numbers and counting emerges as their mistakes are corrected. However, here, at the very foundation of numerical concepts, children are often left to 'put it all together' themselves, and some start off on a shaky foundation. Number concepts can be deliberately developed by suitable activities. The first one of these is object matching. == Matching Activities == As opposed to the typical counting activity children are first exposed to, matching sets of objects gives a firm foundation for the concept of number and numerical relationships. It is very important that matching should be a '''physical''' activity that children can relate to and build on. Typical activities would be a toy's tea-party. With a set of (say) four toy characters, each toy has a place to sit. Each toy has a cup, maybe a saucer, a plate etc. Without even mentioning 'four', we can talk with the child about 'the right number' of cups, of plates etc. We can talk about 'too many' or 'not enough'. Here, we are talking about number and important number relations without even mentioning which number we are talking about! Only after a lot of activities of this type should we talk about specific numbers and the idea of number in the abstract. == Numbers and Numerals == Teachers should print these numbers or show the children these numbers. Ideally, the numbers should be handled by the student. There are a number of ways to achieve this: cut out numerals from heavy card stock, shape them with clay together, purchase wooden numerals or give them sandpaper numerals to trace. Simultaneously, show the definitions of these numbers as containers or discrete quantities (using boxes and small balls, e.g. 1 ball, 2 balls, etc. Note that 0 means "no balls"). This should take some time to learn thoroughly (depending on the student). <span style="font-size: 48pt">0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</span> Children should be alerted to the use of numbers in a variety of contexts, prices, measurements of various types (eg. length, weight, volume), the speedometer in a car, labels on products, road signs, dates and time. At this early stage of numeracy it is also helpful to introduce the idea of the relative size of numbers by asking what comes before or after, or what is a larger or smaller number. For example, a guessing game: the teacher thinks of a number between 1 and 10, the children try to guess the number. After each guess the teacher indicates whether the number is smaller or larger. Other skills include learning to count to 20 or higher, and counting backwards. == Place Value == The Next step is to learn the place value of numbers. It is probably true that if you are reading this page you know that after 9 comes 10 (and you usually call it ten) but this would not be true if you would belong to another culture. Take for example the Maya Culture where there are not the ten symbols above but twenty symbols. [http://www.michielb.nl/maya/math.html] Imagine that instead of using 10 symbols one uses only 2 symbols. For example 0 and 1 Here is how the system will be created: {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | Binary | 0 | 1 | 10 | 11 | 100 | 101 | 110 | 111 | 1000 | ... |- |Decimal | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ... |} Or if one uses the symbols A and B one gets: {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | Binary | A | B | BA | BB | BAA | BAB | BBA | BBB | BAAA | ... |- |Decimal | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ... |} This may give you enough information to figure the place value idea of any number system. For example what if you used 3 symbols instead of 2 (say 0,1,2). {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | Trinary | 0 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 100 | ... |- |Decimal | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ... |} If you're into computers, the HEXADECIMAL (Base 16) or Hex for short, number system will be of interest to you. This system uses 4 binary digits at a time to represent numbers from 0 to 15 (decimal). This allows for a more convenient way to express numbers the way computers think - that we can understand. So now we need 16 symbols instead of 2, 3, or 10. So we use 0123456789ABCDEF. {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | Binary | 0 | 1 | 10 | 11 | 100 | 101 | 110 | 111 | 1000 | 1001 | 1010 | 1011 | 1100 | 1101 | 1110 | 1111 | 10000 | ... |- |Decimal | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | ... |- | Hex | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | 10 | ... |} ==See also== *[[Primary_mathematics:Adding_numbers]] == Resources for Early Math == *15 Fun Ways and Easy Games for Young Learners Math: Reproducible, Easy-to-Play Learning Games That Help Kids Build Essential Math Skills, by Susan Julio, Scholastic Professional, 2001. *Eenie Meenie Miney Math!: Math Play for You and Your Preschooler, by Linda Allison, Little Brown & Co., 1993. *Marshmallow Math: Early Math for Toddlers, Preschoolers and Primary School Children, by Trevor Schindeler, Trafford, 2002. *Number Wonder: Teaching Basic Math Concepts to Preschoolers, by Deborah Saathoff and Jane Jarrell, Holman Bible, 1999. {{CourseCat}} [[Category:Pages moved from Wikibooks]] [[Category:Primary education]] [[Category:Numbers]] ==External links== * [http://www.mathblaster.com/coolmath/ Math Blaster Games] * [http://www.mathplayground.com/ Math Playground] * [http://www.coolmathgameskids.com/games/category/math/ Cool Math Games for Kids] * [https://www.y9freegames.com/t/math/ Y9FreeGames] kwnlb5h84n02jiihnhjmrm1grjqsn5a 2720077 2720014 2025-06-30T02:57:08Z MathXplore 2888076 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/49.37.102.36|49.37.102.36]] ([[User_talk:49.37.102.36|talk]]) to last version by [[User:210.193.195.171|210.193.195.171]] using [[Wikiversity:Rollback|rollback]] 2671970 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Introducing Numbers== Numbers should be introduced as early as possible, as young students need to understand that numbers represent values. Both teachers and guardians should engage children in activities that connect numbers to real-life objects, allowing them to count and explore numbers through physical examples. Psychologically, this approach helps students recognize the practical applications of numbers in daily life. However, the formal concept of numbers should not be skipped; it should be taught alongside these practical activities to provide a well-rounded understanding. == Developing a sound concept of numbers == Children typically learn about numbers at a very young age by learning the sequence of words, "one, two, three, four, five" etc. Usually, in chanting this in conjunction with pointing at a set of toys, or mounting a flight of steps, for example. Typically, 'mistakes' are made. Toys or steps are missed or counted twice, or a mistake is made in the chanted sequence. Very often, from these sorts of activities, and from informal matching activities, a child's concept of numbers and counting emerges as their mistakes are corrected. However, here, at the very foundation of numerical concepts, children are often left to 'put it all together' themselves, and some start off on a shaky foundation. Number concepts can be deliberately developed by suitable activities. The first one of these is object matching. == Matching Activities == As opposed to the typical counting activity children are first exposed to, matching sets of objects gives a firm foundation for the concept of number and numerical relationships. It is very important that matching should be a '''physical''' activity that children can relate to and build on. Typical activities would be a toy's tea-party. With a set of (say) four toy characters, each toy has a place to sit. Each toy has a cup, maybe a saucer, a plate etc. Without even mentioning 'four', we can talk with the child about 'the right number' of cups, of plates etc. We can talk about 'too many' or 'not enough'. Here, we are talking about number and important number relations without even mentioning which number we are talking about! Only after a lot of activities of this type should we talk about specific numbers and the idea of number in the abstract. == Numbers and Numerals == Teachers should print these numbers or show the children these numbers. Ideally, the numbers should be handled by the student. There are a number of ways to achieve this: cut out numerals from heavy card stock, shape them with clay together, purchase wooden numerals or give them sandpaper numerals to trace. Simultaneously, show the definitions of these numbers as containers or discrete quantities (using boxes and small balls, e.g. 1 ball, 2 balls, etc. Note that 0 means "no balls"). This should take some time to learn thoroughly (depending on the student). <span style="font-size: 48pt">0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</span> Children should be alerted to the use of numbers in a variety of contexts, prices, measurements of various types (eg. length, weight, volume), the speedometer in a car, labels on products, road signs, dates and time. At this early stage of numeracy it is also helpful to introduce the idea of the relative size of numbers by asking what comes before or after, or what is a larger or smaller number. For example, a guessing game: the teacher thinks of a number between 1 and 10, the children try to guess the number. After each guess the teacher indicates whether the number is smaller or larger. Other skills include learning to count to 20 or higher, and counting backwards. == Place Value == The Next step is to learn the place value of numbers. It is probably true that if you are reading this page you know that after 9 comes 10 (and you usually call it ten) but this would not be true if you would belong to another culture. Take for example the Maya Culture where there are not the ten symbols above but twenty symbols. [http://www.michielb.nl/maya/math.html] Imagine that instead of using 10 symbols one uses only 2 symbols. For example 0 and 1 Here is how the system will be created: {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | Binary | 0 | 1 | 10 | 11 | 100 | 101 | 110 | 111 | 1000 | ... |- |Decimal | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ... |} Or if one uses the symbols A and B one gets: {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | Binary | A | B | BA | BB | BAA | BAB | BBA | BBB | BAAA | ... |- |Decimal | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ... |} This may give you enough information to figure the place value idea of any number system. For example what if you used 3 symbols instead of 2 (say 0,1,2). {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | Trinary | 0 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 100 | ... |- |Decimal | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ... |} If you're into computers, the HEXADECIMAL (Base 16) or Hex for short, number system will be of interest to you. This system uses 4 binary digits at a time to represent numbers from 0 to 15 (decimal). This allows for a more convenient way to express numbers the way computers think - that we can understand. So now we need 16 symbols instead of 2, 3, or 10. So we use 0123456789ABCDEF. {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | Binary | 0 | 1 | 10 | 11 | 100 | 101 | 110 | 111 | 1000 | 1001 | 1010 | 1011 | 1100 | 1101 | 1110 | 1111 | 10000 | ... |- |Decimal | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | ... |- | Hex | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | 10 | ... |} ==See also== *[[Primary_mathematics:Adding_numbers]] == Resources for Early Math == *15 Fun Ways and Easy Games for Young Learners Math: Reproducible, Easy-to-Play Learning Games That Help Kids Build Essential Math Skills, by Susan Julio, Scholastic Professional, 2001. *Eenie Meenie Miney Math!: Math Play for You and Your Preschooler, by Linda Allison, Little Brown & Co., 1993. *Marshmallow Math: Early Math for Toddlers, Preschoolers and Primary School Children, by Trevor Schindeler, Trafford, 2002. *Number Wonder: Teaching Basic Math Concepts to Preschoolers, by Deborah Saathoff and Jane Jarrell, Holman Bible, 1999. {{CourseCat}} [[Category:Pages moved from Wikibooks]] [[Category:Primary education]] [[Category:Numbers]] ==External links== * [http://www.mathblaster.com/coolmath/ Math Blaster Games] * [http://www.mathplayground.com/ Math Playground] * [http://www.coolmathgameskids.com/games/category/math/ Cool Math Games for Kids] awzrfkf657sffg1fufatd18teyo9a9o 0 227959 2720104 2716138 2025-06-30T11:47:51Z 103.197.153.38 Added some corrections 2720104 wikitext text/x-wiki The Bengali translations to the left / top are mainly used in the states of West Bengal, Assam & Tripura of India and the translations to the right / bottom are generally used in Bangladesh. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! English !! Bengali !! Transliteration |- | Family || বংশ || bangsha |- | Family (close) || পরিবার/সংসার|| poribar/shongshar |- | Parents || মা-বাপ || ma-bap |- | Father || বাবা || baba |- | Dad || বাবা || baba |- | Mother || মা || ma |- | Mom || মা || ma |- | Maternal grandfather || দাদু, নানা || nana |- | Maternal grandmother || দিদা, নানী || nanī, nanu, nina |- | Paternal grandfather || ঠাকুরদাদা, দাদা || thakurdada, dada |- | Paternal grandmother || ঠাকুমা, দাদী || thakuma, dadī, dida, dadu |- | Paternal uncle || কাকু, কাকা, জ্যাঠা || kaku, jyatha (older), kaka (younger), chachi, chachu |- | Paternal uncle's wife || কাকি, কাকিমা, জেঠিমা || kaki, jethima(older), kakima (younger), chachi |- | Paternal aunt || পিসী || pisī, fupu |- | Paternal aunt's husband || পিসা,পিসেমশাই || pisha, pishemosai,fupa |- | Maternal uncle || মামা || mama |- | Maternal uncle's wife || মামী || mamī |- | Maternal aunt || মাসি || masī, khalamoni |- | Maternal aunt's husband || মেসো || mesho, khalu |- | Father-in-law || শ্বশুর || shoshur |- | Mother-in-law || শাশুড়ী || shashuṛī |- | Brother || ভাই|| bhai |- | Sister || বোন|| bon |- | Son || ছেলে || chhele |- | Daughter || মেয়ে || meye |- | Son-in-law || জামাই || jamai |- | Daughter-in-law || বউমা, পুত্রবধু || bouma |- | Grandson || নাতি || nati |- | Granddaughter || নাতনী || natnī |- | Husband || স্বামী || sh(w)amī |- | Wife || বউ || bou |- | Younger brother || ছোট ভাই || chhoto bhai |- | Middle brother || মেজো ভাই/ মেজো দাদা / মেজদা|| mejo bhai |- | Elder brother || বড় ভাই / ভাইয়া, দাদা/ বড় দাদা/ বড়দা || boṛo bhai / bhaiya |- | Younger sister || ছোট বোন || chhoto bon |- | Middle sister|| মেজো বোন / মেজো দিদি/ মেজদি || mejo bon |- | Elder sister || বড় বোন / দিদি/ বড়দি || boṛo bon / didi |- | Cousin (maternal uncle's son) || মামাতো ভাই / মামার ঘরের ভাই || mamato bhai / mamar ghorer bhai |- | Cousin (maternal uncle's daughter) || মামাতো বোন / মামার ঘরের বোন || mamato bon / mamar ghorer bon |- | Cousin (paternal uncle's son) || খুর্তোতো ভাই / কাকার ঘরের ভাই চাচাতো ভাই / চাচার ঘরের ভাই | kakato bhai / kakar ghorer bhai chachato bhai / chachar ghorer bhai |- | Cousin (paternal uncle's daughter) || খুর্তোতো বোন / কাকার ঘরের বোন চাচাতো বোন / চাচার ঘরের বোন | kakato bon / kakar ghorer bon chachato bon / chachar ghorer bon |- | Cousin (maternal aunt's son) || মাসতুতো ভাই / মাসির ঘরের ভাই খালাতো ভাই / খালার ঘরের ভাই | mastuto bhai / masir ghorer bhai khalato bhai / khalar ghorer bhai |- | Cousin (maternal aunt's daughter) || মাসতুতো বোন / মাসির ঘরের বোন খালাতো বোন / খালার ঘরের বোন | mastuto bon / masir ghorer bon khalato bon / khalar ghorer bon |- | Cousin (paternal aunt's son) || পিসতুতো ভাই / পিসার ঘরের ভাই ফুফুতো ভাই / ফুফুর ঘরের ভাই | pistuto bhai / pisar ghorer bhai phuphuto bhaai / phuphur ghorer bhai |- | Cousin (paternal aunt's daughter) || পিসতুতো বোন / পিসার ঘরের বোন | pistuto bon / pisar ghorer bon |- | Nephew (brother's son) || ভাইপো, ভাতিজা || bha'ipo, bhatija |- | Niece (brother's daughter) || ভাইঝি, ভাতিজি || bha'iǰhi, bhatiji |- | Nephew (sister's son) || ভাগনে, ভাগিনা || bhagne, bhagina |- | Niece (sister's daughter) || ভাগ্নী, ভাগিনী || bhagnī, bhagini |- | Brother-in-law (husband's younger brother) || দেওর, দেবর || deor, debor |- | Brother-in-law (wife's younger brother) || শালা || shala |- | Sister-in-law (wife's younger sister) || শালী || shali |- | Sister-in-law (husband's sister) || ননদ || nonod |- | Sister-in-law (older brother's wife) || বৌদি || boudi |- |} {{subpage navbar}} {{CourseCat}} [[Category:Family]] 5h1vveuw8denf6ovc2cdsjx0ap989kb 2720105 2720104 2025-06-30T11:50:23Z 103.197.153.38 2720105 wikitext text/x-wiki The Bengali translations to the left / top are mainly used in the states of West Bengal, Assam & Tripura of India and the translations to the right / bottom are generally used in Bangladesh. ==Family Relations== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! English !! Bengali !! Transliteration |- | Family || বংশ || bangsha |- | Family (close) || পরিবার/সংসার|| poribar/shongshar |- | Parents || মা-বাপ || ma-bap |- | Father || বাবা || baba |- | Dad || বাবা || baba |- | Mother || মা || ma |- | Mom || মা || ma |- | Maternal grandfather || দাদু, নানা || nana |- | Maternal grandmother || দিদা, নানী || nanī, nanu, nina |- | Paternal grandfather || ঠাকুরদাদা, দাদা || thakurdada, dada |- | Paternal grandmother || ঠাকুমা, দাদী || thakuma, dadī, dida, dadu |- | Paternal uncle || কাকু, কাকা, জ্যাঠা || kaku, jyatha (older), kaka (younger), chachi, chachu |- | Paternal uncle's wife || কাকি, কাকিমা, জেঠিমা || kaki, jethima(older), kakima (younger), chachi |- | Paternal aunt || পিসী || pisī, fupu |- | Paternal aunt's husband || পিসা,পিসেমশাই || pisha, pishemosai,fupa |- | Maternal uncle || মামা || mama |- | Maternal uncle's wife || মামী || mamī |- | Maternal aunt || মাসি || masī, khalamoni |- | Maternal aunt's husband || মেসো || mesho, khalu |- | Father-in-law || শ্বশুর || shoshur |- | Mother-in-law || শাশুড়ী || shashuṛī |- | Brother || ভাই|| bhai |- | Sister || বোন|| bon |- | Son || ছেলে || chhele |- | Daughter || মেয়ে || meye |- | Son-in-law || জামাই || jamai |- | Daughter-in-law || বউমা, পুত্রবধু || bouma |- | Grandson || নাতি || nati |- | Granddaughter || নাতনী || natnī |- | Husband || স্বামী || sh(w)amī |- | Wife || বউ || bou |- | Younger brother || ছোট ভাই || chhoto bhai |- | Middle brother || মেজো ভাই/ মেজো দাদা / মেজদা|| mejo bhai |- | Elder brother || বড় ভাই / ভাইয়া, দাদা/ বড় দাদা/ বড়দা || boṛo bhai / bhaiya |- | Younger sister || ছোট বোন || chhoto bon |- | Middle sister|| মেজো বোন / মেজো দিদি/ মেজদি || mejo bon |- | Elder sister || বড় বোন / দিদি/ বড়দি || boṛo bon / didi |- | Cousin (maternal uncle's son) || মামাতো ভাই / মামার ঘরের ভাই || mamato bhai / mamar ghorer bhai |- | Cousin (maternal uncle's daughter) || মামাতো বোন / মামার ঘরের বোন || mamato bon / mamar ghorer bon |- | Cousin (paternal uncle's son) || খুর্তোতো ভাই / কাকার ঘরের ভাই চাচাতো ভাই / চাচার ঘরের ভাই | kakato bhai / kakar ghorer bhai chachato bhai / chachar ghorer bhai |- | Cousin (paternal uncle's daughter) || খুর্তোতো বোন / কাকার ঘরের বোন চাচাতো বোন / চাচার ঘরের বোন | kakato bon / kakar ghorer bon chachato bon / chachar ghorer bon |- | Cousin (maternal aunt's son) || মাসতুতো ভাই / মাসির ঘরের ভাই খালাতো ভাই / খালার ঘরের ভাই | mastuto bhai / masir ghorer bhai khalato bhai / khalar ghorer bhai |- | Cousin (maternal aunt's daughter) || মাসতুতো বোন / মাসির ঘরের বোন খালাতো বোন / খালার ঘরের বোন | mastuto bon / masir ghorer bon khalato bon / khalar ghorer bon |- | Cousin (paternal aunt's son) || পিসতুতো ভাই / পিসার ঘরের ভাই ফুফুতো ভাই / ফুফুর ঘরের ভাই | pistuto bhai / pisar ghorer bhai phuphuto bhaai / phuphur ghorer bhai |- | Cousin (paternal aunt's daughter) || পিসতুতো বোন / পিসার ঘরের বোন | pistuto bon / pisar ghorer bon |- | Nephew (brother's son) || ভাইপো, ভাতিজা || bha'ipo, bhatija |- | Niece (brother's daughter) || ভাইঝি, ভাতিজি || bha'iǰhi, bhatiji |- | Nephew (sister's son) || ভাগনে, ভাগিনা || bhagne, bhagina |- | Niece (sister's daughter) || ভাগ্নী, ভাগিনী || bhagnī, bhagini |- | Brother-in-law (husband's younger brother) || দেওর, দেবর || deor, debor |- | Brother-in-law (wife's younger brother) || শালা || shala |- | Sister-in-law (wife's younger sister) || শালী || shali |- | Sister-in-law (husband's sister) || ননদ || nonod |- | Sister-in-law (older brother's wife) || বৌদি || boudi |- |} {{subpage navbar}} {{CourseCat}} [[Category:Family]] dmvo9ant9b8npq3my4orfe26xcac6dg 0 263813 2720070 2719684 2025-06-29T22:28:32Z Scogdill 1331941 2720070 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Leslie Ward - Vanity Fair, Newspapermen, ^Algy^, The Hon Algernon Henry Bourke, Januray 20, 1898 - B1979.14.521 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg|thumb|Hon. Algernon Bourke, ''Vanity Fair'', 1898]] ==Also Known As== * Family name: Bourke [pronounced ''burk'']<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal|date=2024-05-07|title=Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=1222668659|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> * The Hon. Algernon Bourke ** Button Bourke<ref>"A Tory 'Reformer' at the India Office." ''India'' 10 November 1911, Friday: 4 [of 12], Col. 1b [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004300/19111110/007/0004#. Print: same title, p. 228.</ref> ** Algy Bourke * Mrs. Gwendolen Bourke ** Gwendolen<ref>General Register Office. ''England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes''. London, England: General Register Office. FreeBMD. ''England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1837-1915''[database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006.</ref>{{rp|Marriage Index}} <ref name=":15" />{{rp|''Morning Post'' article about her name}} <ref>General Register Office. ''England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes''. London, England: General Register Office. FreeBMD. ''England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1837-1915''[database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006.</ref>{{rp|Electoral Register}} ** Guendoline<ref name=":1" /> ['''National Portrait Gallery?'''] ** Gwendoline<ref name=":14">City of Westminster Archives Centre; London, England; ''Westminster Church of England Parish Registers''; Reference: ''SPWP/PR/1/2''. Ancestry.com. ''Westminster, London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1919'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2020.</ref>{{rp|Births and Baptisms}} * Shelley Bontein and Emilie Sloane-Stanley Bontein * See also the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|page for the Earl of Mayo]], the Hon. Algernon Bourke's father and then brother, and other Bourkes == Overview == === Algernon Bourke === Although the Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke was born in Dublin in 1854 and came from a family whose title is in the Peerage of Ireland,<ref name=":6">1911 England Census.</ref> he seems to have spent much of his adult life generally in England and especially in London. He was "a noted fisherman."<ref>"London Correspondence." ''Freeman's Journal'' 21 December 1897, Tuesday: 5 [of 8], Col. 5c [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000056/18971221/027/0005. Same print title, n.p.</ref> Because he was the son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]], perhaps, or perhaps because he was so involved in projects that got reported on, he was mentioned a great deal in the newspapers, but after his bankruptcy, he seems to have receded in prominence, in part because he was living outside of the U.K., and apparently separately from his wife, Gwendolen Bourke. Bourke ran as the Conservative candidate for Parliament from Clapham (population, c. 70,000) in 1885, a race he did not win. As a candidate he is described like this:<blockquote>Acted as a newspaper correspondent during the Zulu war. Subsequently Poor-law inspector in the West of Ireland. "A loyal supporter of Church and State." Desires to reduce the School Board expenditure, and revive trade; and is opposed to Mr. Chamberlain's "police of hasty and experimental reform."<ref>"Clapham (70,000)." ''South London Chronicle'' 17 October 1885, Saturday: 5 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000443/18851017/113/0005. Print title ''South London Chronicle and Southwark and Lambeth Ensign'', p. 5.</ref></blockquote>The London ''Weekly Dispatch'' says he is "a dashing and unscrupulous young Tory."<ref>"The Political Campaign in London." ''Weekly Dispatch'' (London) 15 November 1885, Sunday: 9 [of 16], Col. 3c [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003358/18851115/069/0009. Same print title and p.</ref> "Algy" Bourke was "Man of the Day" (No. DCCII [522) for ''Vanity Fair'' in 1898, caricatured by Leslie Ward (above right):<blockquote>Son of the great and murdered Lord Mayo, he is contemporary with the outbreak of the Crimean War, he is a Member of the London Stock Exchange, he has a beautiful wife and a daughter, and, being a very fashionable young man, he was once refused as their Member by the worthy electors of Clapham. He was an Eton boy, of course: and less naturally he went to Cambridge; where he was made President of the Beefsteak, the Amateur Dramatic, the Athenaeum, the True Blue, and the Hibernian Clubs. When he came down he tried journalism and went to Zululand as a ''Daily Telegraph'' ‘‘special”; after which he was improved into an Inspector of Workhouses [2, Col. 2c – 3, Col. 1a] in Ireland: which may account for his proficiency as a caterer. For seven years he worked under the late Mr. Chinnery on ''The Times'': being popularly supposed to look after that journal's morals. He is a good man of business, and a great organiser who has made White's Club pay even if it be less “smart" than it was. He has done much for Willis’s since he took it in hand; he did well with his Battersea venture, and he thinks that he only failed with the Summer Club in Kensington Gardens because people would not go to the wrong side of the Park. Moreover, he runs a Club at Brighton, and he is Chairman of the Grand Hotel at Monte Carlo: whither he once organised a cheap trip. Altogether he is a veritable Clubman, and a very successful arranger of amusements, associations, and restaurants. He is a popular fellow who is known to all of us; and though he is a little inclined to be quarrelsome, no one can get much the better of him. He is also a quick grasper of facts and a good talker. His favourite sports are fishing and the organising of associations for the introduction of salmon to the Thames. By way of being an art critic, he has made an interesting collection of engravings of the members of White’s Club from its foundation; but his friends say that he is not a well-dressed man. He has also written a history of White’s, and he is now writing one of Brooks's Club. He is a genial person, who looks as if the world agreed with him well. He is an aquisition [sic] to a house party; and they call him “Algy.”<ref>"Men of the Day." — No. DCCII [522]. The Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke." ''Vanity Fair'' 20 January 1898, Thursday: 2 [of 4], Col. 2c – 3, Col. 3a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/9900020/18980120/010/0002 and https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/9900020/18980120/005/0003. Same print title, pp. 41–42. Portrait is full page, on p. 1.</ref></blockquote>The Hon. Algernon Bourke and Mr. Algernon Bourke, depending on the newspaper article, were the same person. Calling him Mr. Bourke in the newspapers, especially when considered as a businessman or (potential) member of Parliament, does not rule out the son of an earl, who would normally be accorded the honorific of ''Honorable''. === Gwendolen Sloane-Stanley Bourke === Mrs. Gwendolen Bourke exhibited at dog shows successfully and was a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Society Sportswomen|noted deerstalker]] and "an appreciative listener to good music."<ref>"Vanity Fair." ''Lady of the House'' 15 June 1899, Thursday: 4 [of 44], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004836/18990615/019/0004.</ref> Her personal beauty is often mentioned in reports, and ''The World'' says she was "a magnificent woman."<ref>"Beauties of To-Day. From the ''World''." ''Clifton Society'' 24 June 1897, Thursday: 14 [of 16], Col. 2c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002164/18970624/066/0014. Same print and p.</ref> She is the first listed in the ''Graphic''<nowiki/>'s 1891 "Leading Ladies of Society":<blockquote>The Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke is a daughter (Gwendoline Irene Emily) of the late Hans Sloane Stanley, Esq., of Poultons, Southampton, and 49, Cadogan Square, S.W. She married, on December 15th, 1887, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, third son of the sixth Earl of Mayo, Governor-General of India (who was assassinated in 1872), and nephew of Lord Connemara, Governor of Madras. Mr. Bourke is a member of the London Stock Exchange, and resides at 33, Cadogan Terrace, S.W.<ref>"Leading Ladies of Society." The Graphic 28 March 1891, Saturday: 6 [of 28], Col. 2c [of 3]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/9000057/18910328/019/0006. Print: same title, p. 346.</ref></blockquote>She attended many social events without her husband, especially into the 20th century, usually with an appreciative description of what she wore. She was a sponsor of Irish art needlework as well. Unlike her husband's, Gwendolen's social status seems to have risen as time passed, and she appears in stories associated with the Princess of Wales, and then later with Queen Alexandra. === The Sloane-Stanley Family === Gwendolen's family consisted of a younger brother, Cyril Sloane-Stanley, as well as her parents, Hans Sloane-Stanley and Emilie Edwards Sloane-Stanley. Exactly one year after she and Algernon Bourke married, Hans Sloane-Stanley died (in 1888), leaving an estate worth £33,704 7s. 5d.<ref name=":17">Principal Probate Registry; London, England; ''Calendar of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration made in the Probate Registries of the High Court of Justice in England''. Ancestry.com. ''England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1995'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.</ref> (1888, 321) Her mother remarried almost exactly a year after that, to James Shelly Bontein. Bontein's father had been Gentleman Usher and Clerk of the Robes to Queen Victoria.<ref name=":18">"Marriages." "Births, Marriages, and Deaths." ''Belfast News-Letter'' 6 December 1889, Friday: 1 [of 8], Col. 1a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000038/18891206/001/0001. Same print title and p.</ref> Shortly after his death ''Truth'' described Gwendolen and Cyril's father Hans Sloane-Stanley:<blockquote>The death of Mr. Sloane Stanley, of Paultons Park, is much regretted in South Hants, as he was one of the most popular landlords in the county, and was greatly esteemed. Mr. Sloane Stanley was well known in yachting circles, and for many years he was Commodore of the Royal Southern Yacht Club, and owned the schooner ''Star of the West''. He was one of the very few owners who continued to keep up the old custom of giving his crew a laying-up supper at the close of each season. There were great festivities at Paultons only a few months ago, when Miss Sloane Stanley was married to Mr. Algernon Bourke.<ref>"Entre Nous." ''Truth'' 27 December 1888, Thursday: 6 [of 48], Col. 2b [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18881227/023/0006# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18881227/023/0006]. Same print title, p. 1136.</ref></blockquote>When he died in 1944, Cyril Sloane-Stanley's estate was quite a bit larger than his father's had been 50 years before. The probate was divided between what was limited to "settled land" and what was "save and except settled land." What was not settled land totalled £356,114 12s. 10d. and went to John Everett, company director; the Hon. Elwyn Villiers Rhys, captain, H.M. army; and William Adam de Geijer, retired captain, H.M. army.<ref name=":17" /> (1944, 430) His daughter Lavender was married to John Everett, and Diane was married to Elwyn Villiers Rhys. What was settled land totalled £168,975 and went to William Adam de Geijer, retired captain, H.M. army, and George Lawrence Stewart, solicitor.<ref name=":17" /> (1944, 430) The Sloane-Stanleys descend from Hans Sloane (1660–1753), whose 71,000-item collections "provid[ed] the foundation of the British Museum, the British Library, and the Natural History Museum, London."<ref name=":19">{{Cite journal|date=2025-01-07|title=Hans Sloane|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Sloane|journal=Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Sloane|language=en|via=}}</ref> Much of this Hans Sloane's wealth came from his medical practice in Jamaica, where he went as physician to the Governor General of Jamaica, the 2nd Duke of Albemarle, and where he married "a wealthy heiress of sugar plantations" worked by enslaved Jamaicans.<ref name=":19" /> His great-nephew, Hans Sloane, inherited Paultons, near Romsey, "and in recognition of this he adopted the additional surname of Stanley in 1821."<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-10-06|title=Hans Sloane (MP)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Sloane_(MP)|journal=Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Sloane_(MP)|language=en}}</ref> == Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies == === Algernon Bourke === * Best man at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#Wedding of Algernon Bourke and Gwendolen Sloane Stanley|his wedding]]: the Hon. Michael Sandys * [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Marcus Henry Milner]], "one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys"<ref name=":8">"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 2a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> * Caroline, Duchess of Montrose — her "legal advisor" on the day of her marriage to Marcus Henry Milner<ref>"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 1b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> === Gwendolen Bourke === * Bridesmaids at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#Wedding of Algernon Bourke and Gwendolen Sloane Stanley|her wedding]]: Lady Florence Bourke, Miss Nora Bourke, Miss Edwards, and Miss Ewart * Lord and Lady Alington, Belvedere House, Scarborough * [[Social Victorians/People/William James|Evelyn James]] == Organizations == === Gwendolen Bourke === * Member, the Ladies Committee for the [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Prince's Skating Club|Prince's Skating Club]], which also included [[Social Victorians/People/Princess Louise|Princess Louise]] (Duchess of Argyll), the [[Social Victorians/People/Portland|Duchess of Portland]], [[Social Victorians/People/Londonderry|Lady Londonderry]], [[Social Victorians/People/Campbell|Lady Archibald Campbell]], [[Social Victorians/People/Ribblesdale|Lady Ribblesdale]], and [[Social Victorians/People/Asquith|Mrs. Asquith]]<ref name=":11">"What the 'World' Says." ''Northwich Guardian'' 01 November 1902, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 8a [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001975/19021101/134/0006. Print title: The ''Guardian'', p. 6.</ref> (in 1902, at least) === Algernon Bourke === * [[Social Victorians/Schools#Eton|Eton]] * Cambridge University, Trinity College, 1873, Michaelmas term<ref name=":7">Cambridge University Alumni, 1261–1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> * Conservative Party * 1879: Appointed a Poor Law Inspector in Ireland, Relief of Distress Act * 1881: Partner, with 2 uncles, in Brunton, Bourke, and Co.<ref>"From Our London Correspondent." ''Manchester Courier'' 24 August 1881, Wednesday: 5 [of 8], Col. 4a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000206/18810824/030/0005. Print: ''Manchester Courier and Lancaster General Advertiser'', p. 5.</ref> (one of the [[Social Victorians/British Aristocracy#Sons of Peers on the Stock Exchange|sons of peers on the Stock Exchange]]) * 1885: Office of the 7th Surrey Rifles Regiment<ref>"7th Surrey Rifles." ''South London Press'' 08 August 1885, Saturday: 12 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000213/18850808/165/0012. Print p. 12.</ref> * 1886: Battersea Friendly Angling Society<ref>"Battersea Friendly Angling Society." ''Fishing Gazette'' 17 April 1886, Saturday: 6 [of 20], Col. 2a [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002553/18860417/030/0006. Same print title, p. 218.</ref> * 27 February 1886: one of the Vice Presidents of the [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Bolingbroke Reading-Room and Institute|Bolingbroke Reading-Room and Institute]] * Special Correspondent of The ''Times'' for the Zulu War, accompanying Lord Chelmsford * Head, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, "that well-known firm of stockbrokers"<ref name=":8" /> ( – 1901 [at least]) * White's gentleman's club, St. James's,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-10-09|title=White's|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White's|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%27s.</ref> Manager (1897)<ref>"Side Lights on Drinking." ''Waterford Standard'' 28 April 1897, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 7a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001678/18970428/053/0003.</ref> * Willis's Rooms (described in 1895):<blockquote>... the Hon. Algernon Burke [sic], son of the 6th Earl of Mayo, has turned the place into a smart restaurant where choice dinners are served and eaten while a stringed band discourses music. Willis's Rooms are now the favourite dining place for ladies who have no club of their own, or for gentlemen who are debarred by rules from inviting ladies to one of their own clubs. The same gentleman runs a hotel in Brighton, and has promoted several clubs. He has a special faculty for organising places of the kind, without which such projects end in failure.<ref>"Lenten Dullness." ''Cheltenham Looker-On'' 23 March 1895, Saturday: 11 [of 24], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000226/18950323/004/0011. Print p. 275.</ref></blockquote> *The [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Pelican|Pelican Club]], known for its boxing (1891) ==== Boards of Directors ==== *1883: One of the directors, the Franco-English Tunisian Esparto Fibre Supply Company, Ltd.<ref>''Money Market Review'', 20 Jan 1883 (Vol 46): 124.</ref> *1891: One of the founders, the Discount Banking Company, Ltd., which says Algernon Bourke is a director of District Messenger Services and News Company, Ltd.<ref>"Public Company." ''Nottingham Journal'' 31 October 1891, Saturday: 4 [of 8], Col. 8a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001896/18911031/099/0004. Print title: ''The Nottingham Daily Express'', p. 4.</ref> *1894: One of the directors, the Frozen Lake, Ltd., with Admiral Maxse, Lord [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Marcus Beresford]], [[Social Victorians/People/Williams|Hwfa Williams]]<ref>"The Frozen Lake, Limited." ''St James's Gazette'' 08 June 1894, Friday: 15 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18940608/085/0015. Print p. 15.</ref><blockquote>London is to have new amusement this winter, for which Mr Algernon Bourke, who has taught us that it is possible to eat as well in St. James’s as on the Boulevards, and Mr Hwfa Williams, of Sandown fame, are jointly responsible. The "Frozen Lake," under which title a real ice-skating rink is about to be constructed under their auspices, will no doubt be gladly welcomed by all skaters, and the venture is likely to prove a success.<ref>"Society Gossip." ''Weston-super-Mare Gazette, and General Advertiser'' 6 June 1894, Wednesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 4b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001444/18940606/044/0004. Print title: ''Weston-super-Mare Gazette'', p. 4.</ref></blockquote> ==== Committees ==== *Member, General Committee, [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Baths|the Baths Club]] (1892) *Member, Men's Committee of the [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Prince's Skating Club|Prince's Skating Club]], which also included Lord Edward Cecil, Lord Redesdale, Mr. [[Social Victorians/People/Lyttelton|Alfred Lyttelton]], Sir Edgar Vincent, Sir William Hart Dyke, and Mr. [[Social Victorians/People/Grenfell|W. H. Grenfell]]<ref name=":11" /> (1902, at least) *[[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#25 March 1896, Wednesday|The Sala Memorial Fund]], member of the committee (from 25 March 1896) * Member of an "influential committee" headed by the Lord Mayor "to restore salmon to the Thames" (June 1899)<ref>"Salmon in the Thames." ''Berks and Oxon Advertiser'' 30 June 1899, Friday: 5 [of 8], Col. 4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002298/18990630/079/0005. Print n.p.</ref> == Timeline == === 1870s === '''1872 February 8''', Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo was assassinated while inspecting a "convict settlement at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands ... by Sher Ali Afridi, a former Afghan soldier."<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-12-01|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> The Hon. Algernon's brother Dermot became the 7th Earl at 19 years old. '''1876 November 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was one of 6 men (2 students, one of whom was Bourke; 2 doctors; a tutor and another man) from Cambridge who gave evidence as witnesses in an inquest about the death from falling off a horse of a student.<ref>"The Fatal Accident to a Sheffield Student at Cambridge." ''Sheffield Independent'' 25 November 1876, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 5a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18761125/040/0007. Print title: ''Sheffield and Rotherham Independent'', n. p.</ref> '''1879 December 27, Saturday – 29, Monday''', Algernon Bourke was in Kilrush as a Local Government Board Inspector:<blockquote>Among many distinguished visitors at the Vandeleur Arms Hotel, Kilrush this week was the Hon. Algernon Bourke Local Government Board Inspector who arrived on Saturday, and sojourned there until 2 o'clock on Monday, when the honourable gentleman left by Steamer tor Limerick.<ref>"Fashionable Intelligence." ''Kilrush Herald and Kilkee Gazette'' 01 January 1880, Thursday: 2 [of 5], Col. 3a [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003186/18800101/011/0002. Print title ''Kilrush Herald'', n.p.</ref></blockquote> === 1880s === '''4 February 1880, Wednesday''', Hon. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880#Grand Ball at Palmerstown House Hosted by the Earl of Mayo|grand ball at Palmerstown House hosted by the Earl of Mayo]]. '''1880 March 30, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke was working in the judicial system in Newcastle, County Limerick, possibly as Poorhouse Inspector:<blockquote>A sworn enquiry was held to-day at the Workhorse, Newcastle West, by the Hon Algernon Bourke, L.G.I., to enquire into charges preferred by Dr. Pierce, Medical Office, against Dr. O'Shaughnesay. The enquiry was adjourned till Thursday next. Mr Moran, sol., Rathkeale, was engaged for Dr. O'Shaughnessy.<ref>"Sworn Enquiry." "Limerick County. Newcastle West Intelligence." ''Bassett's Chronicle'' 31 March 1880, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 3b–c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003471/18800331/044/0003. Print title ''Bassett's Daily Chronicle'', n.p.</ref></blockquote>'''1880 April 17, Saturday''', in-jokes dominate this report mentioning Algernon Bourke in the context of the Kildare and National Hunt races in Dublin:<blockquote>And in mopy Upper Mount-street, where young Algernon Bourke, of the Onety-oneth, had promised to call for, and afterwards spin down to the races in his mail phaeton, the Blake girls; and in fastidious Fitzwilliam-place, and exclusive "Murryan-squeer," from which dashing army men, in their neatly-appointed, well horsed drags were to "tool" down sweet young Dublin lasses of the ''crême d la crême'' [sic], many an anxious forecasting of the weather was taken, lest by an unpropitious shower that last triumph of Mrs. Manning, or the Forrests, or Miss Sedford, or any of the ''grandes dames de la mode'' should be rendered as worthless as a Confederate "greenback." But by ten o'clock all doubts were happily set aside, and up struck the lovely April day in all its spring-time glory and then the road, oh, the road!<ref>"To Punchestown and Back by the Old Road." ''Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News'' 17 April 1880, Saturday: 6 [of 24], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001857/18800417/013/0006. Same print title, p. 102.</ref></blockquote>'''1881 May 10, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1881#1881 May 10, Tuesday|wedding of Marion Lascelles, eldest daughter of the Hon. Egremont W. Lascelles, brother of the Earl of Harewood, and Lieutenant Henry Dent Brocklehurst, of the Second Life Guards, nephew of Mr. Philip Brocklehurst, of Swithamley Park, Macclesfield]]. His gift was an "old enamelled watch set in pearls."<ref>"Nuptial Rejoicings at Middlethorpe Manor. Marriage of Miss Lascelles and Lieut. Brocklehurst." ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 14 May 1881, Saturday: 9 [of 12], Cols. 3a–4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive''https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18810514/057/0009. Print same title and p.</ref> '''1881 May 23, Monday, 2:00 p.m.''', Algernon Bourke is listed among the Honourables at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1881#Queen's Levee at St. James's Palace|Queen's Levee at St. James's Palace]]. '''1881 July 14, Thursday afternoon, beginning about 2 p.m.''', Algernon Bourke was invited to a Garden Party at Marlborough House hosted by [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Alexandra, Princess of Wales|Alexandra, Princess of Wales]]. Members of the family of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]] were also among the 1,500 or so invited guests. '''1881 July 22, Friday''', Algernon Bourke was invited to an [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1881#22 July 1881, Friday|evening party at Marlborough House hosted by the Prince and Princess of Wales]]. '''1881 September 17, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was reported among the company at Doncaster during race week.<ref>"List of the Company." ''York Herald'' 17 September 1881, Saturday: 8 [of 16], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000499/18810917/183/0008. Same print title and p.</ref> '''1881 November 22, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke was sued in Dublin by Henry Naylor because he "had declined to pay" for a £35 piano.<ref>"Henry Naylor v. the Hon. Algernon Bourke." "Exchequer Division." "High Court of Justice." ''Belfast Morning News'' 23 November 1881, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 8a [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000428/18811123/015/0003. Same print title, n.p.</ref> '''1881 December 8, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke was part of a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1881#Battue at Palmerstown|battue at Palmerstown]], when the group bagged 172 pheasants, hares and rabbits. '''1882 March 7, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1882#7 March 1882, Tuesday|fashionable wedding of Reginald Chandos-Pole and Violet Denison]]. '''1882 March 15, Wednesday''', Algernon Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1882#The Marchioness of Salisbury's Assembly|the Marchioness of Salisbury's first reception of the season]]. '''1882 July 13, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke was invited to the [[Social Victorians/1882-07-13 Marlborough House Garden Party|Garden Party at Marlborough House for Queen Victoria]] hosted by [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Alexandra, Princess of Wales|Alexandra, Princess of Wales]]. The more than 1,000 people invited also included a number of people from the family of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]]. '''1882 September 28, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1882#The Wedding of John M'Donald and Georgiana Lambart|wedding of John M'Donald and Georgiana Lambart]]. '''1883 March 21, Wednesday''', the Evening Irish Times announced that Algernon Bourke "has arrived at Kingstown from England."<ref>"Court and Fashion." ''Evening Irish Times'' 21 March 1883, Wednesday: 7 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003464/18830321/086/0007. Same print title and p.</ref> '''23 July 1883, Monday, noon''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was invited to a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1883#Garden Party at Marlborough House, at Noon|garden party at Marlborough House]] hosted by the Prince and Princess of Wales. '''31 October 1883, Wednesday''', Algernon Bourke attended the wedding of [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1883#Wedding of Lady Cecelia Hay and Captain George Webbe|Lady Cecelia Hay and Captain George Webbe]].<p> '''1884 February 16, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#16 February 1884, Saturday|the funeral of Thomas Chenery, editor of the ''Times'']]. '''1884 April 4, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was (may have been?) one of the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#5 April 1884, Saturday|"Supporters of the Pall" at the funeral]] of [[Social Victorians/People/Leopold|Prince Leopold George Duncan Albert, Duke of Albany]] at St. George's, Windsor. '''1884 April 26, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#26 April 1884, Saturday|dinner party at the Lord Mayor's Mansion House for conservatives to meet Sir Stafford Northcote]]. '''1884 May 3, Saturday''', the "Rochester Conservatives" announced that they would "bring forward the Hon. Algernon Bourke, brother of Lord Mayo, as their second candidate,"<ref>"Election Intelligence." ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 03 May 1884, Saturday: 4 [of 12], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18840503/011/0004.</ref> but because he would not be the first candidate, Bourke declined.<ref>"Rochester." London ''Daily Chronicle'' 09 May 1884, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005049/18840509/049/0003.</ref> '''1884 June 18, Wednesday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was on a committee to watch a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#18 June 1884, Wednesday|Mr. Bishop's "thought-reading" experiment]], which was based on a challenge by Henry Labourchere made the year before. This "experiment" took place before a fashionable audience. '''1884 July 25, Friday, afternoon''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was invited to a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#Garden Party at Marlborough House hosted by the Prince and Princess of Wales|Garden Party at Marlborough House hosted by the Prince and Princess of Wales]]. '''1885 January 22, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke's gift to [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1885#Wedding of George Buckle and Alicia Payn|George Buckle and Alicia Payn for their wedding]] was an antique cabinet. '''1885 July 7, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1885#7 July 1885, Tuesday|Eva Bourke's wedding to Windham Wyndham-Quin]] at St. Mary Abbots, Kensington. '''1885 July 13, Monday''', Algernon Bouurke was at Victoria Station as part of the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1885#Arrival of Lord Wolseley in London from Egypt|crowd greeting Lord Wolseley on his return from Egypt]]. '''1885 July 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was invited to a [[Social Victorians/1885-07-24 Marlborough House Ball|ball at Marlborough House]] hosted by the Prince and Princess of Wales. '''1885 September 26, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke took part in the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1885#26 September 1885, Saturday|Ealing Conservative Club fete and meeting]] supporting Salisbury's government and condemning "the dictates of one man" — Gladstone — for Gordon's death. '''1885 October 3, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was named as the Conservative candidate for Clapham in the Battersea and Clapham borough after the Redistribution Bill determined the electoral districts for South London.<ref>"South London Candidates." ''South London Press'' 03 October 1885, Saturday: 9 [of 16], Col. 5b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000213/18851003/096/0009. Print p. 9.</ref> On Sunday 15 November 1885 the London ''Weekly Dispatch'' supported Moulton, the Liberal candidate, who ultimately won the election:<blockquote> Though a successful lawyer, Mr. Moulton is much more than that. He is a thorough and independent student of political science, who may be trusted to do good service to the Liberal cause with brain as well as with tongue. It will be matter for hearty congratulation if he defeats the Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke, who is a dashing and unscrupulous young Tory, and a nephew of the well-known politician with the same surname.<ref>"The Political Campaign in London. VI. — The South-West Divisions." ''Weekly Dispatch'' (London) 15 November 1885, Sunday: 9 [of 16], Col. 3c [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003358/18851115/069/0009. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote> On Saturday 21 November 1885 the ''South London Press'' reported on posters for Bourke's candidacy:<blockquote> The Hon. Algernon Bourke, Conservative candidate for Clapham, has a very industrious billsticker, who pastes up his patron’s bills in every possible place where they can be seen to advantage. It is unfortunate, however, that choosing the flank wall of an auctioneer’s the modern "Sam Slap" has produced some curious combinations, such as — "Vote for Bourke," "Now on View;" "Electors of Clapham, Vote for Mr. Bourke, and" "Be Sold Without Reserve;" "Mr, Bourke will" "Advance Money to" "the Electors of Clapham;" "Great Conservative Meeting. The British Constitution will be" "Offered for Sale this Evening," &c.<ref>"Pick-up Notes." ''South London Press'' 21 November 1885, Saturday: 10 [of 16], Col. 1b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000213/18851121/155/0010. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote> '''1885 November 3, Tuesday, 11:00 a.m.''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Mayo-Ponsonby Wedding 1885-11-03|wedding of his brother, Dermot, 7th Earl of Mayo and Geraldine Ponsonby]]. He gave them 2 Sheraton secretaires. '''1886 January 5, Tuesday, late''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#Twelfth Night|Twelfth Night celebration at the Drury Lane theatre]]. '''1886 March 13, Saturday evening''', an Hon. Mr. Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/1886-03-13 Reception at the French Embassy|reception at the French Embassy]], possibly Algernon Bourke or possibly [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|one of his brothers]]. '''1886 July 10, Saturday''', Hon. Algernon Bourke was invited to a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#Garden Party at Marlborough House Given to the Queen|garden party at Marlborough House given to the Queen]]. Gwendolen Sloane Stanley is not mentioned but Mr. and Mrs. Hans Sloane Stanley are, as are Mr. and Mrs. F. Sloane Stanley.<p> '''1886 July 21, Wednesday''', Algernon Bourke was invited to the [[Social Victorians/1886-07-21 Marlborough House Ball|Ball at Marlborough House]], as were a [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke#The Sloane-Stanleys 2|Mr. and Mrs. F. Sloane-Stanley]], possibly the parents of Gwendolen Sloane-Stanley (if the "F" is a mistake), who married Bourke on 15 December 1887. Gwendolen is not mentioned as having been invited. '''1886 July 27, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended a service honoring a memorial at St. Paul's for his father, who had been assassinated.<ref>"Memorial to the Late Earl of Mayo." ''Northern Whig'' 28 July 1886, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000434/18860728/143/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1886 September 2, Thursday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was part of a group of mostly aristocratic men taking part in [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#Augustus Harris's A Run of Luck|a "trial-rehearsal" as part of Augustus Harris's production]] ''A Run of Luck'', about sports. '''1886 October 2, Saturday''', the Duke of Beaufort and the Hon. Algernon Bourke arrived in Yougal: "His grace has taken a residence at Lismore for a few weeks, to enjoy some salmon fishing on the Blackwater before the close of the season."<ref>"Chippenham." ''Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard'' 02 October 1886, Saturday: 8 [of 8], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001955/18861002/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref> '''1886 October 11, Monday''', Algernon Bourke may have been taking part in a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#Performance of Run of Luck|performance of ''Run of Luck'' at the Drury Lane]]. '''1886 October 23, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#Party at Wemyss Castle, Fife|staying at Wemyss Castle, Fife]]. '''1886 December 30, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke was back in London and attending the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#Augustus Harris's The Forty Thieves|"Forty Thieves" pantomime at the Drury Lane Theatre]]. '''1887 January 5, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was one of the chief mourners at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#Funeral of Lady Margaret Harriett Bourke|funeral of Lady Margaret Harriett Bourke]]. '''1887 March 1, 2:00 p.m.''', Algernon Bourke is listed among the Messieurs attending the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#Queen's Levee at St. James's Palace|Queen's Levee at St. James's Palace]].<p> '''1887 May''', a "signalling incident" in 1907 [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#May 1887|caused the Waterford ''Evening News'' to recall a similar event]] that had occurred 20 years earlier, in which Algernon Bourke, as special correspondent for the ''Times'', caused the incident to be publicized:<blockquote>During the manoeuvres in connection with the 1887 Jubilee of Queen Victoria a signal was observed going up from [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Lord Charles [Beresford]]]'s ship. It was a message to his wife, Lady Beresford, to the effect that, as he should be late for dinner, she was not to wait. Beyond the hilarity this domestic signal evoked, nothing more would have been heard of it, but Mr. Algernon Bourke (Lord Mayo's brother) was acting as special correspondent for the "Times," and that paper the next morning contained a full and humorous report of the incident. Then there was trouble.<ref>"Signalling Incident." ''Evening News'' (Waterford) 13 November 1907, Wednesday: 1 [of 4], Col. 6c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004557/19071113/021/0001.</ref></blockquote> '''1887 June 15, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians Foreign Office Reception 1887-06-15|reception at the Foreign Office in honor of Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee]]. '''1887 July 6, Wednesday''', Algernon Bourke was invited to and, presumably, attended the State Ball at Buckingham Palace.<ref>"The State Ball at Buckingham Palace." ''Morning Post'' 08 July 1887, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 5a–6c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18870708/013/0003. Same print title and p.</ref> (Col. 1c) '''1887 August 6, Saturday''', the ''Brighton Gazette'' says that the "Hon. Mrs and Mr Algernon Bourke" were staying at the Royal Crescent Hotel in Brighton, but they didn't marry until 15 December 1887.<ref>"Royal Crescent Hotel." ''Brighton Gazette'' 6 August 1887, Saturday: 3 [of 8], Col. 5c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000938/18870806/047/0003. Print title ''Brighton Gazette and Sussex Telegraph'', p. 3.</ref> Perhaps an elder relative, because she is mentioned first? '''1887 November 9, Wednesday''', the ''Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper'' announced that<blockquote>A marriage is arranged, and will take place early in January, between Mr. Algernon Bourke, third son of the late Earl of Mayo, and Miss Guendolen Sloane Stanley, only daughter of Mr. Hans Sloane Stanley, of Paultons.<ref>"Romsey, Nov. 9." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 9 November 1887, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 7a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18871109/034/0003. Print title ''Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper'', p. 3.</ref></blockquote>Shortly after, the papers announced that the wedding would not take place. '''1887 December 15, Thursday''', Hon. [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#Wedding of Algernon Bourke and Gwendolen Sloane Stanley|Algernon Bourke and Gwendolen Stanley were married at St. Paul's]], Knightsbridge, by Bourke's uncle the Hon. and Rev. George Bourke. Only family members attended because of "the recent death of a near relative of the bride."<ref>"Court Circular." ''Morning Post'' 16 December 1887, Friday: 5 [of 8], Col. 7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18871216/066/0005.</ref> Who the "near relative of the bride" was not in her nuclear family, and perhaps that explains the cancellation of the wedding and then the changing of the wedding date and not some problem in the couple. '''1888 – 1899 January 1''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was "proprietor" of [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#White's|White's Club, St. James's Street]].<ref name=":9">"The Hon. Algernon Bourke's Affairs." ''Eastern Morning News'' 19 October 1899, Thursday: 6 [of 8], Col. 7c [of7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001152/18991019/139/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1888 January 21, Saturday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the wedding of [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#Hamilton-Ewart Wedding|Florence Ewart and Henry Hamilton]]. '''1888 March 7, Wednesday''', assuming that this date is not a week after the actual date, [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Lady Charles Beresford]] held a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#1888 March 7, Wednesday|notable and well-attended "at home"]] that Gwendolen Bourke attended, reported for being dressed in white and being among the beautiful women present. '''6 April 1888, Friday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#6 April 1888, Friday|New Forest United Hunt ball at the New Forest Hall, Lyndhurst]]. '''1888 May 2, Wednesday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#The Marchioness of Salisbury's Reception|Marchioness of Salisbury's reception]] at the Salisbury home on Arlington-street. '''1888 May 22, Tuesday''', the Dowager Countess of Mayo presented Gwendolen Bourke at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#Queen's Drawing Room|Queen's drawing-room]] hosted by the Princess of Wales. This is Gwendolen Bourke's dress:<blockquote>Empire robe de cour of white satin duchesse, lined with rich pink silk, sufficiently bright to give a beautiful shell-like tint through the satin; tulle underdress, with upper skirt, embroidered with pearl, and caught up in Greek folds with large pink Tosca roses; white satin bodice, with Josephine pink sash tied at side, Headdress, veil and plumes; ornaments, diamonds.<ref>"Dresses at the Drawing-Room." ''Epsom Journal'' 22 May 1888, Tuesday: 3 [of 6], Col. 5b–c [of 6]. ''British Newspapers Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004837/18880522/034/0003. Print: title ''Local Journal'', p. 3.</ref></blockquote> Another description:<blockquote>Mrs. Algernon Bourke's train was of white satin lined with pink, which showed through with charmingly shell-like effect. The dress, fashioned after those of the Empire period, was of white satin embroidered with pearls. A very broad sash of pink satin made the waist seem quaintly short, a trying thing to any but the young and tall, both of which qualifications Mrs. Bourke most happily possesses. She carried a lovely posy of La France roses.<ref>"Gossip on Dress." ''Boston Spa News'' 25 May 1888, Friday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1b–2b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003395/18880525/014/0002. Print title The News, n.p.</ref> (Col. 1c)</blockquote>'''1888 June 8, Friday''', Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#Dinner and Dance Hosted by Lord and Lady Wimborne at Hamilton House|dinner and dance Hosted by Lord and Lady Wimborne at Hamilton House]] featuring Prince and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, and for the ball, the King of Sweden and Norway and the Prince and Princess of Wales and their daughters were present. '''1888 June 19, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke was one of the principal guests at the wedding of [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#19 June 1888, Tuesday|Captain Philip Green and Miss Mabel Emilie Scott]]. '''1888 July 26''', [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Caroline Graham Stirling-Crawford]] (known as Mr. Manton for her horse-breeding and -racing operations) and Marcus Henry Milner married.<ref name=":12">"Hon. Caroline Agnes Horsley-Beresford." {{Cite web|url=https://thepeerage.com/p6863.htm#i68622|title=Person Page|website=thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-11-21}}</ref> According to the ''Nottingham Evening Post'' of 31 July 1888,<blockquote>LONDON GOSSIP. (From the ''World''.) The marriage of "Mr. Manton" was the surprise as well the sensation of last week. Although some wise people noticed a certain amount of youthful ardour in the attentions paid by Mr. Marcus Henry Milner to Caroline Duchess of Montrose at '''Mrs. Oppenheim's ball''', nobody was prepared for the sudden ''dénouement''; '''and it''' were not for the accidental and unseen presence [[Social Victorians/People/Mildmay|a well-known musical amateur]] who had received permission to practice on the organ, the ceremony performed at half-past nine on Thursday morning at St. Andrew's, Fulham, by the Rev. Mr. Propert, would possibly have remained a secret for some time to come. Although the evergreen Duchess attains this year the limit of age prescribed the Psalmist, the bridegroom was only born in 1864. Mr. "Harry" Milner (familiarly known in the City as "Millions") was one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, and Mr. Algernon Bourke, the head of the house (who, of course, takes a fatherly interest in the match) went down to Fulham to give away the Duchess. The ceremony was followed by a ''partie carrée'' luncheon at the Bristol, and the honeymoon began with a visit to the Jockey Club box at Sandown. Mr. Milner and the Duchess of Montrose have now gone to Newmarket. The marriage causes a curious reshuffling of the cards of affinity. Mr. Milner is now the stepfather of the [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Duke of Montrose]], his senior by twelve years; he is also the father-in-law of [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Lord Greville]], Mr. Murray of Polnaise, and [[Social Victorians/People/Breadalbane|Lord Breadalbane]].<ref name=":8" /></blockquote> '''1888 December 1st week''', according to "Society Gossip" from the ''World'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was suffering from malaria, presumably which he caught when he was in South Africa:<blockquote>I am sorry to hear that Mr. Algernon Bourke, who married Miss Sloane-Stanley a short time ago, has been very dangerously ill. Certain complications followed an attack of malarian fever, and last week his mother, the Dowager Lady Mayo, and his brother, Lord Mayo, were hastily summoned to Brighton. Since then a change for the better has taken place, and he is now out of danger.<ref>"Society Gossip. What the ''World'' Says." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 08 December 1888, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18881208/037/0002. Print title: ''The Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper''; print p. 2.</ref></blockquote> '''1888 December 20, Thursday''', the Sloane-Stanley family, including Gwendolen Bourke, attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#20 December 1888, Thursday|funeral of Hans Sloane Stanley]]. Algernon Bourke did not attend because he was still too ill. '''1889 January 22, 2:30 p.m., Tuesday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke sent a gift for the [[Social Victorians/Cecil Lambton Wedding 1889 January 22|wedding of Lady Eleanor Lambton and Lord Robert]] Cecil, a pair of antique mirrors. '''1889 May 18, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#18 May 1889, Saturday|opening of the Italian Opera season at Covent Garden]]. '''1889 May 27, Monday, 11 p.m.''', the dancing commenced at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#The Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace|the Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace]], with both the Hon. Algernon and the Hon. Gwendolen Bourke present. '''1889 June 8, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke contributed some art he owned to the collection of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours' [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#8 June 1889, Saturday|exhibition of "the works of the 'English Humourists in Art.'"]] '''1889 July 2, Tuesday''', Gwendolen and Algernon Bourke sat in the Muriettas' box at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#The Shah at a Covent Garden Opera Performance|gala performance at Covent Garden also attended by the Prince and Princess of Wales, a number of other royals and the Shah]].<p> '''1889 27 July, Saturday''', Gwendolen and Algernon Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#Garden Party Hosted by Mr. and Mrs. Augustus Harris|garden party hosted by Mr. and Mrs. Augustus Harris]], which was attended by a people from the theatre and arts worlds.<p> '''1889 December 2, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourk's mother, Emilie Sloane-Stanley, married James Shelly Bontein:<blockquote><p> BONTEIN—STANLEY — December 2, at St. George's, Hanover Square, London, by the Rev. G. S. de Sansmarez, James Shelly, only son of the late James Bontein, Gentleman Usher and Clerk of the Robes to the Queen, to Emilie Josephine, widow of Hans Sloane Stanley, of Paultons.<ref name=":18" /></blockquote>1889 December 17, Tuesday, Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke gave a gift to [[Dangan-Neville Wedding|Lady Violet Nevill for her wedding to Henry Wellesley, Viscount Dangan]] and so were probably in attendance. === 1890s === '''1890 January 9, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#The York Hunt Ball|fancy-dress Hunt Ball in York]]. She<blockquote>looked a picture in a Gainsborough gown. The white satin skirt was flounced with sable and veiled with ''chiffon'', the setuage of which was left to show without being hemmed up. There was a broad sash of rose-pink silk and each buttonhole was filled round with crimped lisse.<ref>"Our London Letter." ''Irish Society'' (Dublin) 11 January 1890, Saturday: 17 [of 24], Col. 2a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001939/18900111/042/0017. Same print title, p. 29.</ref></blockquote>'''1890 February''' '''12, Wednesday''', Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Lady Constance Leslie's Reception|Lady Constance Leslie's reception]] at her house in Stratford-place. '''1890 April 9, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#The New Forest United Hunt Ball|the New Forest United Hunt Ball]]. '''1890 June 3, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the 2:30 p.m. [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Münster-Hay Wedding|wedding of Count Alexander Münster and Lady Muriel Henrietta Constance Hay]]. She is also listed as having attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Dinner and Concert Hosted by Mrs. Arthur Williams and Ball by Mrs. Menzies|ball hosted by Mrs. J. Menzies (daughter of Mrs. Arthur Wilson)]] that Prince Eddie, the Duke of Clarence and Avondale, also attended, that night. '''1890 July 4, Friday, 11 p.m.''', the Hon. Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#The Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace|the Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace]]. The dancing commenced shortly after 11:00. '''1890 July 15, Tuesday''', Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke were invited to a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Garden Party at Marlborough House to Meet the Queen|garden party at Marlborough House to meet the Queen]]. '''1890 July 19, Saturday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Wedding of James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine and Violet Aline Vyner|wedding of James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine and Violet Aline Vyner]], the two of them giving "four small silver dessert dishes" and Gwendolen giving an "enamel and diamond pin."<ref>"Marriage of Lord Loughborough with Miss Vyner." ''Fife Free Press'' 26 July 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1a–2b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001110/18900726/015/0002. Same print title and p.</ref> (Col. 2b) '''1890 July 24, Thursday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Dinner and Dance Hosted by Lord Alington|dance hosted by Lord Alington]] attended also by the Prince and Princess of Wales and Princesses Victoria and Maud. '''1890 September 6, Saturday''', the ''Country Gentleman'' (as it was called at the time) reported that "Muckross, the only deer forest in Ireland, it may be said, has this year been rented by Mr. Algernon Bourke, who will next week be joined there for the stalking season by his brother, Lord Mayo."<ref>"Shooting. Moors, Forests, and Fishings." ''Sporting Gazette'' 06 September 1890, Saturday: 11 [of 38], Col. 1c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002525/18900906/065/0011. Print: ''Country Gentleman'', p. 1251.</ref> On 11 October 1890 the ''St. James's Gazette'' says,<blockquote>The Earl of Durham has been staying at Muchross, county Kerry, on a visit to the Hon. A. Bourke, who has rented the celebrated shootings and fishings on that estate for the autumn.<ref>"Court and Society." ''St James's Gazette'' 11 October 1890, Saturday: 12 [of 16], Col. 1b [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18901011/064/0012. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote>'''1890 October 25, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke gave a gold-mounted box to [[Social Victorians/Loder De Vere Beauclerk Wedding|Lady Louise De Vere Beauclerk on her wedding to Gerald Loder, M.P.]], so they were probably present at the wedding, or at least the reception. Mrs. Bontein [sic Bontine], Gwendolen's mother, gave a silver box, suggesting the relationship was through the women. '''1890 November 29, 11:30 Saturday morning''', Algernon Bourke's gift for the [[Social Victorians/Dudley-Beckwith Wedding 1890-11-29|wedding of the Hon. Francis Dudley and Miss Forbes Beckwith]] was some cases of a Bordeaux wine: "three dozen Cantenac, 1875 vintage."<ref>"Marriage of Lord Leigh's Heir. Descriptive Sketch of the Ceremony, and Full List of Guests and Presents." ''Leamington Spa Courier'' 6 December 1890, Saturday: 6 [of 10], Cols. 1a–4a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18901206/021/0006. Same print title and p.</ref>{{rp|Col. 3b}} Gwendolen Bourke is not listed as having been invited to the reception, but this list from the ''Leamington Spa Courier'' has some gaps. '''1890 December 4, Thursday''', Gwendolen and Algernon Bourke attended the [[Mure-Portal Wedding 1890-12-04|wedding of Miss Mure and Mr. S. J. Portal]]. Their gift is not recorded. '''1891 January''', Algernon Bourke took party in a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1891#Shooting Party in Kallarnet, Totton|shooting party in Kallarnet, Totton]]. '''1891 June 24, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1891#Dinner and Ball Hosted by Lord and Lady Wimborne|dinner and ball Hosted by Lord and Lady Wimborne]] featuring Princess Mary Adelaide, the Duke of Teck, and Princess Victoria. '''1891 July 9, Thursday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were invited to a [[Social Victorians/1891-07-09 Garden Party|large Garden Party at Marlborough House]] hosted by the [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Alexandra, Princess of Wales|Alexandra, Princess of Wales]] in honor of Queen Victoria and the German Emperor and Empress. The more than 3,000 people invited also included a number of people from the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|family of the Earl of Mayo]]. '''1891 July 22, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1891#Dinner and Dance at Alington House|dance at the Earl and Countess Alington]]'s that also included the Prince and Princess of Wales. '''1891 October 22, Thursday''', Hon. and Mrs. Bourke attended at least the reception of the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1891#Le Strange Astley Wedding|Le Strange—Astley Wedding]], although perhaps the couple is not the Algernon Bourkes. '''1891 November 22, Sunday''', the London ''Weekly Dispatch'' reports a performance by American "Lady Magnet" Mrs. Abbott, who claimed to be able to lift anybody using only her magnetic properties. An enthusiastic "committee of some fifteen gentlemen presented a written and signed testimonial" supporting Mrs. Abbott, "the Hon. Algernon Bourke, Professor Atkinson, Dr. Hides, and three other doctors who prefer to remain incog., being among the signatories. All the medical gentlemen concerned assured the ''Evening News and Post'' reporter of their complete and unconditional surrender. One of them went so far as to say that he had come with the full determination of disbelieving, but had been quite able to act up to his resolve."<ref>"The Lady Magnet. Draws Crowds of People Who Divide in Opinion about Her." ''Weekly Dispatch'' (London) 22 November 1891, Sunday: 16 [of 16], Cols. 3a–4b [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003358/18911122/203/0016. Print: same title and p.</ref> '''1892''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke privately published his ''The History of White's'', the exclusive gentleman's club. '''1892 January 27, Saturday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended the very fashionable [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1892#The Wedding of Lord Henry Cavendish Bentinck, M.P., and Lady Olivia Taylour|wedding of Lord Henry Cavendish Bentinck, M.P., and Lady Olivia Taylour]]. Their gift was not noted in the list. '''1892 February''' '''10, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/1892-02-10 Alington Leigh Wedding|very fashionable wedding of Henry, Lord Alington and Evelyn Henriette Leigh]] [[Social Victorians/1892-02-10 Alington Leigh Wedding|in St. Paul's, Knightsbridge]] '''1892 April''' '''10, Wednesday, about 2:30 p.m.''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/1892-02-10 Alington Leigh Wedding|the very fashionable wedding between Henry Sturt, Lord Alington and Evelyn Leigh]]. Her gift was a "tortoiseshell and gold heart-shaped tray."<ref name=":02">"Lord Alington to Miss Leigh." ''Gentlewoman'' 20 February 1892, Saturday: 21 [of 46], Cols. 1a–3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18920220/092/0021. Same print title, p. 237.</ref> (Col. 3a) '''1892 June 25, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman''<nowiki/>'s "Overheard by the Little Bird" says "That pretty Mrs. Algernon Bourke has been staying here, but returned to England in time for Ascot."<ref>Little Bird, The. "Overheard by the Little Bird." ''Gentlewoman'' 25 June 1892, Saturday: 32 [of 60], Col. 3b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18920625/157/0032. Same print title, p. 860.</ref> '''1892 December 13, Tuesday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' says Gwendolen Bourke is lovely in its coverage of [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1892#Wedding of Miss Eleanor M. Ewart and Captain Guy Withington|Eleanor M. Ewart and Captain Guy Withington's wedding]]. '''1892 December 22, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1892#22 December 1892, Thursday|monthly meeting of the Zoological Society in Hanover-square]].<p> '''1893 February 11, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke opened Willis's Restaurant:<blockquote>Mr. Algernon Bourke has in his time done many things, and has generally done them well. His recently published history of White's Club is now a standard work. White's Club itself was a few years ago in its agony when Mr. Bourke stepped in and gave it a renewed lease of life. Under Mr. Bourke's auspices "Willis's Restaurant" opened its doors to the public on Tuesday last in a portion of the premises formerly so well known as Willis's Rooms. This new venture is to rival the Amphitryon in the matter of cuisine and wines; but it is not, like the Amphitryon, a club, but open to the public generally. Besides the restaurant proper, there are several ''cabinets particuliers'', and these are decorated with the very best of taste, and contain some fine portraits of the Georges.<ref>"Marmaduke." "Letter from the Linkman." ''Truth'' 20 April 1893, Thursday: 25 [of 56], Col. 1a [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025]. Print p. 855.</ref></blockquote> '''1893 February 7, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#1893 February 7, Tuesday|the reception after Lady Emily Cadogan's wedding]]. '''1893 February 20, Monday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke is listed as having attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#Queen's Levee at St. James's Palace|Queen's Levee at St. James's Palace]] held by the Prince of Wales; because wives generally are not listed, it seems likely Gwendolen Bourke attended as well. '''1893 February 28, Tuesday, 3:00 p.m.''', Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Queens Drawing Room 1893-02-28|Queen's Drawing Room at Buckingham Palace]].<p> '''1893 March 22, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#22 March 1893, Wednesday|Lady Wimborne's reception]]. '''1893 April 1, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke published a letter to the editor of the ''Times'', reprinted in the ''Kildare Observer'', arguing against Gladstone's Home Rule bill on the grounds that Ireland would not be able to take out a loan on its own behalf because of its obligations to the U.K., including what was called its share of the national debt.<ref>"Irish Unionist Alliance." ''Kildare Observer and Eastern Counties Advertiser'' 01 April 1893, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 4c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001870/18930401/062/0006. Print: The ''Kildare Observer'', n.p.</ref> '''1893 May 13, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was seen at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#13 May 1893, Saturday|exhibitions of art and furniture for sale by Christie's and on display by Lord Clifden]]. '''1893 July 13, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#The Countess of Listowel's Garden Party|Countess of Listowel's Garden Party]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#The Countess of Listowel's Garden Party|at her residence, Kingston House, Princes-gate]], accompanied by Miss Adeane. '''1893 July 14, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Sandown Races 1893-07-14|the races at Sandown]] wearing a dark-blue-and-white outfit and black hat that got described in the newspaper. '''1893 August 1, Tuesday – August 4, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke, at least, was at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#1 August 1893, Tuesday – 4 August 1893, Friday|the Goodwood races]], mentioned in the ''Gentlewoman'' for her beauty, although none of the dresses were noted. '''1893 November 4–11, Wednesday–Saturday''', Gwendolen Bourke was at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#Ralph and Mary Sneyd Hosted a Shooting Party|shooting party at Keele Hall hosted by Ralph and Mary Sneyd]]. '''1893 November 30, Thursday''', with Sir Walter Gilbey the Hon. Algernon Bourke "assisted" in "forming [a] collection" of engravings by George Morland that was exhibited at Messrs. J. and W. Vokins’s, Great Portland-street.<ref>"The George Morland Exhibition at Vokins's." ''Sporting Life'' 30 November 1893, Thursday: 4 [of 4], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000893/18931130/058/0004.</ref> '''1893 December 14, Thursday, afternoon''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/1893-12-14 Wedding Adele Grant and George, 7th Earl of Essex|wedding of American Adele Grant and George, 7th Earl of Essex]] and gave a "pearl and gold box."<ref name=":22">"Wedding of the Earl of Essex." ''Herts Advertiser'' 16 December 1893, Saturday; 8 [of 8], Col. 1a–4b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000415/18931216/125/0008. Print title: ''The Herts Advertiser and St Albans Times'', p. 8.</ref>{{rp|Col. 3c}} Mr. and Mrs. Shelley Bontein also attended, and Mrs. Bontein gave a "green leather bag and purse, with coronet and monogram in gold."<ref name=":22" />{{rp|3b}} '''1894 January 27, Saturday''', Psyche in "The Social Peepshow" in the ''Gentlewoman'' reported on a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#27 January 1894, Saturday|ball hosted by Lord and Lady Dunraven at Adare Manor]] that Gwendolen Bourke attended. '''1894 January 31, Wednesday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke, who was dressed more stylishly than most, attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#Also 31 January 1894, Wednesday|Kildare Hunt Ball]] hosted by Dermot, [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]] and Geraldine, Countess of Mayo. '''1894 February 24, Saturday''', ''The Field'' reported on a series of tennis matches; Algernon Bourke attended the one played at the Prince's Club.<ref>"Tennis." ''Field'' 24 February 1894, Saturday: 39 [of 72], Col. 1c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002446/18940224/349/0039. Print title ''The Field, The Country Gentleman's Newspaper'', p. 249.</ref> '''1894 March 31, Saturday''', Psyche, in the "Social Peepshow" column in the ''Gentlewoman'', says that "Mr. Algernon Bourke has still further embellished Willis's restaurant hard by [the St. James's Theatre], by the addition of some valuable old tapestry that lately came to the hammer at Christie's."<ref>Psyche. "The Social Peepshow." ''Gentlewoman'' 31 March 1894, Saturday: 16 [of 56], Col. 2b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18940331/081/0016. Same print title, p. 408.</ref> '''1894 April 13, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke set sail on the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#P. and O. Line S.S. Rome for Gibraltar|P. and O. Line ''S.S. Rome'' for Gibraltar]] along with her stepfather, Mr. Shelley Bontein, and her brother, Mr. Sloane Stanley. '''31 May 1894, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#Reception at Devonshire House|Duchess of Devonshire's reception at Devonshire House]].<p> '''1894 June 18, Monday''', the London ''Echo'' reported that Algernon Bourke was [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Brooks'|writing a history of Brooks' Club]].<p> '''1894 June 20, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne Opened the Annual Sale of the Scottish Home Industries|Annual Sale of the Scottish Home Industries]]; her outfit was described in the article in ''Lady's Pictorial''. '''1894 August 2, Thursday''', the column "Overheard by the Little Bird" says, "At Willis' [restaurant] — 'What a smart cotillon Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bourke gave on Thursday evening."<ref>Bird, The Little. "Overheard by the Little Bird." ''Gentlewoman'' 04 August 1894, Saturday: 30 [of 56], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18940804/148/0030. Print title same, p. 144.</ref> Willis's Restaurant, King-street, St. James's, was a restaurant Algernon Bourke opened in 1893.<p> '''1894 September 7, Saturday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#7 September 1894, Saturday|shooting party at Witley]], which had been loaned to one of his brothers by William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley.<p> '''1894 October 22, Thursday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#Wedding of Lord Connemara and Mrs. Coleman|luncheon after the wedding of Lord Connemara and Mrs. Coleman]]. '''1894 November 3, Saturday''', Psyche, in "The Social Peepshow" for the Gentlewoman, reported that Gwendolen Bourke had been [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#3 November 1894, Saturday|seen shopping in London]]. '''1895 January 5, Saturday, 2:00 p.m.''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke gave an old mother-of-pearl workbox to [[Wolverton-Ward Wedding 1895-01-05|Lady Edith Ward for her wedding to Frederick Glyn, Lord Wolverton]] and presumably attended the wedding and reception afterwards.<p> '''1895 February 23, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#23 February 1895, Saturday|fashionable wedding of Laurence Currie and Edith Sibyl Mary Finch]]. Gwendolen Bourke is not listed as having attended, but she is not noted as absent, either. Daphne Bourke was born on 5 April 1895, probably explaining Gwendolen's absence. '''1895 March 24, Sunday – 30 March, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#24, Sunday – 30 March 1895, Saturday|enjoying the sunny weather in Brighton]]. '''1895 April 27, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#1895 April 27, Saturday|wedding of Norah Bourke and Henry E. A. Lindsay]]. Again, Gwendolen Bourke is not listed as having attended. Daphne Bourke was born on 5 April 1895, and Psyche, writing the "Social Peepshow" column in the Gentlewoman, says,<blockquote> I regret to hear of the serious illness of Mrs. Algernon Bourke, whose first child was born a fortnight ago. It is feared that the attack is of the nature of typhoid, but happily the patient's strength keeps up. Mrs. Bourke is at her mother's house in Clarges-street.<ref>Psyche. "The Social Peepshow." ''Gentlewoman'' 27 April 1895, Saturday: 28 [of 84], Col. 2c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18950427/147/0028. Same print title, p. 506.</ref></blockquote> '''1895 July 13, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke donated 10s. to the ''Daily Telegraph'' National Shilling Testimonial to W. G. Grace.<ref>"''Daily Telegraph'' National Shilling Testimonial to W. G. Grace." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 13 July 1895, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 7a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18950713/079/0007. Print: ''Daily Telegraph'', p. 7.</ref> '''1895 August 24, Saturday''', "Marmaduke" in the ''Graphic'' says that Algernon Bourke "opened a cyclists' club in Chelsea."<ref>"Marmaduke." "Court and Club." The ''Graphic'' 24 August 1895, Saturday: 11 [of 32], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/9000057/18950824/017/0011. Print p. 223.</ref> '''1895 October''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the]] season.if the newspapers were right that 1902 was the 7th season. He also was planning a bicycling club for Kensington Gardens to open the following season.<ref>Mackenzie, Ethel Morell (Miss). "Pins and Needles." ''Hull Daily News'' 12 October 1895, Saturday: 24 [of 40], Col. 1a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003443/18951012/024/0024. Print title: ''Hull News Supplement'', p. 1[6? 8?].</ref> '''1895 October 7, Monday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#Adeane-Cator Wedding|Maud Adeane–John Cator wedding]]. '''1895 December 11, Wednesday''', Gwendolen and Algernon Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#Sneyd Party to Meet the Duke of Coburg|shooting party at the Sneyds' to meet the Duke of Coburg]]. '''1895 December 18, Wednesday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#Wedding of Lady Albreda Fitzwilliam and the Hon. Charles Bourke|wedding of Lady Albreda Fitzwilliam and the Hon. Charles Bourke]]. Their gift is not noted in the newspaper account. '''1896 March 17, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#17 March 1896, Tuesday|annual dinner of the Cymmrodorion, or the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion]], a society for Welsh culture and history. '''1896 April 21, Monday''', Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke sent a gift — a "box for miniature" — for [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Monday, 1896 April 27|the wedding of Lady Angela St. Clair Erskine and James Stewart Forbes]]. '''1896 May 21, Thursday''', the Hon. and Mrs. Algernon Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Mrs. C. H. Wilson's Ball|Mrs. C. H. Wilson's ball in Grosvenor-square, London]]. '''1896 May 26, Tuesday, through 28 May, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Coming of Age of Mr Sloane Stanley|3-day celebration in honor of the coming of age of her brother, Cyril Sloane Stanley]]. '''1896 June 15, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Dinner and Dance Hosted by the Countess of Huntingdon|dance hosted by the Earl and Countess of Huntingdon]] after their dinner party. '''1896 July 13, Monday''', Algernon Bourke (listed among the "Honourables") and Mrs. A. Bourke (Listed among the "Honourable Ladies") were invited to the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Queen's Garden Party at Buckingham Palace|Queen's Garden Party at Buckingham Palace]]. '''1896 June 29, Monday''', the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Cadogan-Scott Wedding 1896-06-29|wedding and reception of Lady Sophie Cadogan and Sir Samuel Scott]]. Algernon Bourke published a letter to the editor of the ''Daily Telegraph'' about White's Club — and thus Bourke's — "[[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Summer Club|Summer Club]]" in Kensington Park, the subject of a little controversy. '''1896 July 21, Tuesday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Dinner Hosted by Sir Horace and Lady Farquhar|dinner hosted by Sir Horace and Lady Farquhar in Grosvenor-square]]. '''1896 August 5, Wednesday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#5 August 1896|wedding of the Hon. Terence Bourke and Miss Eveline Haines]] and gave the bride an "enamel muff chain."<p> '''1896 August 10, Monday''', the Morning Leader reported that the Hon. Algernon Bourke, for the Foreign Office, received Li Hung Chang at St. Paul's:<blockquote>At St. Paul's Li Hung was received by Field-Marshal Simmons, Colonel Lane, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, of the Foreign Office (who made the necessary arrangements for the visit) and Canon Newbolt, on behalf of the Dean and Chapter. A crowd greeted Li with a cheer as he drove up in Lord Lonsdale’s striking equipage, and his Excellency was carried up the steps in an invalid chair by two stalwart constables. He walked through the centre door with his suite, and was immediately conducted by Canon Newbolt to General Gordon’s tomb in the north aisle, where a detachment of boys from the Gordon Home received him as a guard of honor. Li inspected the monument with marked interest, and drew the attention of his suite to the remarkable likeness to the dead hero. He laid a handsome wreath of royal purple asters, lilies, maidenhair fern, and laurel, tied with a broad band of purple silk, on the tomb. The visit was not one of inspection of the building, but on passing the middle aisle the interpreter called the attention of His Excellency to the exquisite architecture and decoration of the chancel. Li shook hands in hearty English fashion with Canon Newbolt and the other gentlemen who had received him, and, assisted by his two sons, walked down the steps to his carriage. He returned with his suite to Carlton House-terrace by way of St. Paul’s Churchyard, Cannon-st., Queen Victoria-st., and the Embankment.<ref>"At St. Paul's." ''Morning Leader'' 10 August 1896, Monday: 7 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18960810/134/0007. Print p. 7.</ref></blockquote> '''1896 August 19, Wednesday''', the ''Edinburgh Evening News'' reported on the catering that White's Club and Mr Algernon Bourke arranged for the visiting Li Hung Chang:<blockquote>It is probably not generally known (says the "Chef") that Mr Algernon Bourke, manager of White's Club, London, has undertaken to the whole of the catering for our illustrious visitor front the Flowery Land. Li Hung Chang has five native cooks in his retinue, and the greatest good fellowship exists between them and their English ''confreres'', although considerable difficulty is experienced in conversation in understanding one another's meaning. There are between 40 and and 50 to cater for daily, besides a staff about 30; that Mr Lemaire finds his time fully occupied. The dishes for his Excellency are varied and miscellaneous, and from 14 to 20 courses are served at each meal. The bills of fare contain such items as bird's-nest soup, pigs' kidneys stewed in cream, boiled ducks and green ginger, sharks' fins, shrimps and prawns stewed with leeks and muscatel grapes, fat pork saute with peas and kidney beans. The meal usually winds with fruit and sponge cake, and freshly-picked green tea as liqueur.<ref>"Li Hung Chang's Diet." ''Edinburgh Evening News'' 19 August 1896, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000452/18960819/057/0003.</ref></blockquote> '''1896 November 6, Friday''', both Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were on the committee for the [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Prince's Skating Club|Prince's Club ice-skating rink]], which [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Opening of the Prince's Club Skating Rink|opened on this day]]. '''1896 November 22, week of''', Mrs. Algernon Bourke was part of a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Shooting Party at the Charles Wilsons' Warter Priory, Yorkshire|shooting party at the Charles Wilsons' Warter Priory, Yorkshire]].<p> '''1896 November 25, Wednesday''', Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bouke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Lord and Lady Burton Hosted a Party for Derby Day|Lord and Lady Burton's party for Derby Day]].<p> '''1896 December 4, Friday''', the Orleans Club at Brighton was robbed:<blockquote>The old building of the Orleans Club at Brighton, which opens its new club house at 33, Brunswick-terrace to-day, was the scene of a very ingenious burglary during the small hours of yesterday morning. The greater portion of the club property had already been removed to the new premises, but Mr Algernon Bourke, his private secretary, and some of the officials of the club, still occupied bed-rooms at the house in the King’s-road. The corner shop of the street front is occupied by Mr. Marx, a jeweller in a large way of business, and upon his manager arriving at nine o'clock he discovered that the place had been entered through hole in the ceiling, and a great part of a very valuable stock of jewelry extracted. An examination of the morning rooms of the club, which runs over Mr. Marx's establishment reveal a singularly neat specimen of the burglar's art. A piece of the flooring about 15in square had been removed by a series of holes bored side by side with a centre-bit, at a spot where access to the lofty shop was rendered easy by a tall showcase which stood convemently near. A massive iron girder had been avoided by a quarter of an inch, and this circumstance and the general finish of the operation point to an artist in his profession, who had acquired an intimate knowledge of the premises. The club doors were all found locked yesterday morning, and the means of egress adopted by the thief are at present a mystery.<ref>"Burglary at Brighton." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 05 December 1896, Saturday: 5 [of 12], Col. 7a [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18961205/090/0005. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph''; p. 5.</ref></blockquote> '''1896 December 10, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke was present to help staff a stall at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#10 December 1896, Thursday|Irish Industries Exhibition and Sale, Brighton]]. '''1896 December 31, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke hosted a New Year's Eve dance:<blockquote>Mrs. Algernon Bourke gave a highly satisfactory and enjoyable dance on Thursday night, when the old year was danced out and the new one danced in. Most of the silver gilters at present in to len were to the fore.<ref>"The Man about Town." ''Sporting Gazette'' 02 January 1897, Saturday: 7 [of 34], Col. 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002525/18970102/041/0007. Print title ''The County Gentleman'', p. 7.</ref></blockquote> '''1897 January 9, Saturday''', Psyche in "The Social Peepshow" says that Algernon Bourke's "cheerful countenance was quite in keeping with the [Christmas] season," seen in London.<ref>Psyche. "The Social Peepshow." ''Gentlewoman'' 9 January 1897, Saturday: 22 [of 56], Col. 2a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970109/097/0022. Same print title, p. 40.</ref> '''1897 January 13, Wednesday – 18, Monday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were guests of the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#The Warwickshire Hunt Club Ball|house party associated with the Warwickshire Hunt Ball]] at [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Warwick Castle]]. '''1897 January 30, Saturday''', Gwendolen Bourke was reported to have been out shopping in London: "Another charming figure was that of Mrs. Algernon Bourke all in chinchilla, with something of pale blue in a smart toque."<ref>Psyche. "The Social Peepshow." ''Gentlewoman'' 30 January 1897, Saturday: 20 [of 59]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970130/107/0020. Same print title, p. 134.</ref> '''1897 May 31, Monday''', Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke were present at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#House Party at Warwick Castle|House Party at Warwick Castle]] hosted by the Earl and Countess of Warwick. '''1897 June 2, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#Reception at the Foreign Office|reception at the Foreign Office]]. '''1897 June 12, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' reported on Gwendolen Bourke's dress and hat at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#The Duchess of Albany's Bazaar at the Imperial Institute|Duchess of Albany's Bazaar at the Imperial Institute]]. '''1897 June 19, Saturday''', Psyche in "The Social Peepshow" column in the ''Gentlewoman'' writes that Gwendolen Bourke was seen driving in London, "in blue, ... looking as usual very handsome."<ref>Psyche. "The Social Peepshow." ''Gentlewoman'' 19 June 1897, Saturday: 28 [of 108], Col. 2b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970619/159/0028. Same print title, p. 848.</ref> '''1897 June 28, Monday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were invited to the [[Social Victorians/Diamond Jubilee Garden Party|Garden Party at Buckingham Palace]], the final official event of the London Diamond Jubilee celebrations. Members of the family of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]] were also among the 5,000–6,000 people invited. '''1897 July 2, Friday''', the Hon. A. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House. '''1897 July 8, Thursday, 11:00 p.m.''', Hon. Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were present at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace|the Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace]]. The dancing commenced shortly after 11:00 p.m. '''1897 July 11–16, week of''', a dog of Gwendolen Bourke's won a prize at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#The Ladies' Kennel Association show in the Royal Botanic Gardens in Regent's Park|Ladies' Kennel Association show in the Royal Botanic Gardens in Regent's Park]]. '''1897 July 23, Friday''', both the Hon. Algernon Bourke and Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#Bourke-Curzon Cricket Match at the Queen's Club|Bourke-Curzon cricket match at the Queen's Club]], which Algernon Bourke's team lost. '''1897 July 23 — or July 30, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#Lady Burton's party at Chesterfield House|Lady Burton's party at Chesterfield House]]. <blockquote>Far the prettiest women in the room were Lady Henry Bentinck (who looked perfectly lovely in pale yellow, with a Iong blue sash; and Mrs. Algernon Bourke, who was as smart as possible in pink, with pink and white ruchings on her sleeves and a tall pink feather in her hair.<ref>"Lady Burton's Party at Chesterfield House." ''Belper & Alfreton Chronicle'' 30 July 1897, Friday: 7 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004151/18970730/162/0007. Print title: ''Belper and Alfreton Chronicle''; n.p.</ref></blockquote> '''1897 August 2, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#Warwick House Party for the Easton Lodge Cricket Week Games|Earl and Countess of Warwick's house party for Easton Lodge cricket week]]. '''1897 August 2, Monday''', Mrs. Algernon Bourke was listed as among [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#The Most Beautiful Women in England|the most beautiful women in England]] in an article from ''Vanity Fair'' that was reprinted elsewhere. '''1897 September 25, Saturday''', according to the ''Pall Mall Gazette'',<blockquote>The [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Dowager-Countess of Mayo]] is staying with her son, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, at Bramnber, near Brighton.<ref>"Pall Mall Gazette Office." ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 25 September 1897, Saturday: 8 [of 10], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18970925/023/0008. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote>'''1897 October 2, Saturday''', "Yenatrix" in "Kennel Column" in the ''Gentlewoman'' reported that Gwendolen Bourke had joined the Ladies' Kennel Association.<ref>Yenatrix. "Kennel Column." ''Gentlewoman'' 02 October 1897, Saturday: 39 [of 61], Col. 2a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18971002/182/0039. Same print title, p. 434.</ref> '''1897 October 9, Saturday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#Harrogate|Harrogate, presumably taking the waters and baths]]. Lady May was on her way to visit Algernon Bourke in Brighton:<blockquote>The Earl of Mayo is expected to return from Sweden on Saturday next. Lady Mayo leaves Bournemouth on Sarurday for Brighton, where she will pay a two days' visit to her brother-in-law, the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon Bourke]]. The Earl and Countess will then return to Palmerstown, their seat in County Kildare.<ref>"Pall Mall Gazette Office." ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 7 October 1897, Thursday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18971007/022/0008. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote><p> '''1897 October 30, Saturday''', ''Black and White'' published '''J.P.B.'''<nowiki/>'s "The Case of Mrs. Elliott,"<ref name=":13">J.P.B. "The Case of Mrs. Elliott." ''Black & White'' 30 October 1897, Saturday: 12 [of 34], Cols. 1a–2b [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004617/18971030/036/0012. Print title ''Black and White'', p. 542.</ref> an odd short short story in which the Honourable Algernon Bourke Herriott is "rude to Mrs. Elliott,"<ref name=":13" />{{rp|Col. 2b}} presumably having proposed sexual relations while her husband is out. J.P.B. links to the biographical Algernon Bourke's career in the stock market in the description of Mrs. Christine Elliott not even simulating interest in her husband's bicycling: "a soul is a grievous burthen for a stockbroker's wife,"<ref name=":13" />{{rp|Col. 2a}} suggesting that Mr. Elliott rather than Algernon Bourke Herriott is the stockbroker. The Hon. Algy<blockquote>was a senior member of several junior clubs. A woman had dubbed him once "a rip with a taste for verses." The description was severe, but not unwarranted. His was a pretty pagan sensualism, though, singing from a wine palate to Church music. For the rest, he had just imagination enough to despise mediocrity.<ref name=":13" />{{rp|Col. 2a}}</blockquote> '''1897 November 25–26, Thursday–Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke was in Brighton, helping the Countess of Mayo at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#The Irish Industries' Association Annual Exhibition|bazaar of the Irish Industries' Association]]. '''1897 December 7, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#7 December 1897, Tuesday|7th annual dinner for the Actors' Benevolent Fund]]. '''1897 December 30''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#Blenheim Palace Party with Amateur Theatricals|party at Blenheim Palace in which people performed tableaux vivants]] that got reported on, many of whom wearing the costumes from the Duchess of Devonshire's ball. The ''Irish Independent'' said Algernon Bourke was "mainly responsible for the living pictures."<ref>"Mr Algernon Bourke ...." ''Irish Independent'' 05 January 1898, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 2c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001985/18980105/115/0006.</ref> '''1898''', Algernon Bourke called a meeting at White's Club about attempting to [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#The Thames Salmon Experiment|restock the Thames with salmon]]. In 1899 he was on a [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke#Committees|committee led by the Lord Mayor about this topic]] as well. '''1898 February 3, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke was among [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#The Dundee Evening Telegraph Report on People at Monte Carlo|those visiting Monte Carlo according to the Dundee ''Evening Telegraph'']]. '''1898 March 12, Saturday''', ''The World'' reported on Algernon Bourke's upgrading of the Orleans Club at Brighton:<blockquote> The Orleans Club at Brighton is flourishing exceedingly, and the new buildings which Mr. Algernon Bourke has just had erected at the back of the comfortable mansion at the corner of Lansdowne-place now provide all that was wanting to make the present habitat of the club all that its members desire. The new billiard-room is rapidly approaching completion, and the coffee-room, excellent and spacious now, was open on Saturday night, when every table was occupied by club diners and their guests, all of whom were enthusiastic over the excellence of this latest addition to the comfort of the house. All interested may be congratulated on what is practically new lease of life to the Orleans Club, than which there is no more comfortable place stay within the four seas.<ref>"From '''The World''.'" ''East & South Devon Advertiser'' 12 March 1898, Saturday: 6 pop 8], Col. 2b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001639/18980312/132/0006. Print title ''The East and South Devon Advertiser'', n.p.</ref></blockquote> '''1898 March 30, Wednesday''', Algernon Bourke was charged with assaulting a Mr. Potter, but it is not clear from this account what exactly happened:<blockquote>The Hon. Algernon H. Bourke, of Bramber, was summoned, at the instance of Mr. Walter John Potter, clerk to Mr. G. A. Flowers, solicitor, of Steyning, for assault, on the 30th March. — Mr. J. Edward Dell supported the case, and Mr. J. C. Buckwell defended, and pleaded not guilty. — The evidence was to the effect that Mr. Potter had occasion go to defendant's house on Wednesday last to serve a writ. He was going to drop the letter into [Col. 5c–6a] defendant's pocket when he turned and struck him a violent blow on the chest, making witness stagger backwards. Witness put up his hands to keep his balance, and defendant then struck him violently across the head with a weeding spud. — Richard Reed, who was at work for Mr. Bourke on the date named, and was working in garden at the time of the alleged assault, gave corroborative evidence. — Defendant, in the witness box, made a similar statement. — The magistrates differed as to whether the assault was committed, and dismissed the case.<ref>"Steyning." ''Sussex Express'' 9 April 1898, Saturday: 2 [of 12], Col. 5c–6a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000654/18980409/036/0002. Print: ''The Sussex Express, Surrey Standard, Weald of the Kent Mail, Hants and County Advertiser'', p. 2.</ref></blockquote>'''1898 April 12, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke was among [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#1898 April 12, Tuesday|those visiting Monte Carlo according to the ''Gentlewoman'']]. '''1898 May 25, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke wore pink to [[Social Victorians/1898-05-25 Savoy Dinner Dance Hwfa|Mrs. Hwfa Williams' dinner-dance at the Savoy]]. '''1898 June 7, Tuesday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. A. Bourke were invited to and probably attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#7 June 1898, Tuesday|State Ball at Buckingham Palace hosted by the Prince and Princess of Wales]]. '''1898 July 4, Thursday afternoon''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke were invited to and probably attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#Garden Party at Marlborough House|Garden Party at Marlborough House given to the Queen and Shah of Persia]]. '''1898 October 29, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#Tennis Championship Game at Prince's Club, Knightsbridge|tennis match at Prince's Club, Knightsbridge]]. '''1898 November 22, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke was present at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#Shooting Party Hosted by William James|shooting party hosted by Mr. William James]]. '''1898 December 3, Saturday''', Hon. Algernon and Mrs. A. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#The Funeral of Lady Connemara|funeral of Lady Connemara in Christ Church]], Down street, Piccadilly.<p> '''1899 January 10, Tuesday''', the Brighton Championship Dog Show opened:<blockquote>Princess of Wales a Winner at the Ladies’ Kennel Club Show. [Exclusive to "The Leader.") The Brighton Championship Dog Show opened in the Dome and Corn Exchange yesterday, and was very well patronised by visitors and exhibitors. Among the latter was H.R.H. the Princess of Wales, who did very well; and others included Princess Sophie Duleep Singh, Countess De Grey, Sir Edgar Boehm, the Hon Mrs. Algernon Bourke, Lady Cathcart, Lady Reid, Mr. Shirley (chairman of the Kennel Club), and the Rev. Hans Hamiiton (president of the Kennel Club). The entry of bloodhounds is one of the best seen for some time; the Great Danes are another strong lot; deerhounds are a fine entry, all good dogs, and most of the best kennels represented; borzois are another very stylish lot. The bigger dogs are, as usual, in the Corn Exchange and the "toy" dogs in the Dome. To everyone's satsfaction the Princess of Wales carried off two first prizes with Alex in the borzois class.<ref>"Dogs at Brighton." ''Morning Leader'' 11 January 1899, Wednesday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18990111/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref></blockquote> '''1899 January 11, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#11 January 1899, Wednesday|a luncheon at Stanfield-hall, home of Mr. and Mrs. Basil Montogomery, for Princess Henry of Battenberg]], that also included the Countess of Dudley (sister of Mrs. Montgomery), General Oliphant, and the Mayor and Mayoress of Romsey. '''1899 January 17–18, Tuesday and Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Ladies' Kennel Association in Brighton|Ladies' Kennel Association in Brighton]], where she showed an Italian greyhound named Brenda. '''1899 February 7, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke was a member of the very high-ranking committee organizing the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Gordon Memorial College Ball|Gordon Memorial College Ball at the Hotel Cecil on 7 February 1899]]. The committee had been planning for the ball, of course, for at least 3 weeks before. '''1899 February 22, Wednesday – April''', Gwendolen Bourke was part of [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Society in St. Moritz|Society in St. Moritz]]. 1899 March 29, Wednesday, the ''Dundee Advertiser'' says that [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#29 March 1899, Wednesday|Cyril Sloane-Stanley was spending part of the winter in St. Moritz]] with his sister Gwendolen Bourke. '''1899 April 7, Friday, probably''', oddly, Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke are not reported to have attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Funeral of the Hon. Charles Bourke, C.B.|Funeral of the Hon. Charles Bourke, C.B.]] or even to have sent flowers. '''1899 April 8, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' reported that Gwendolen Bourke had gone to [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#8 April 1899, Saturday|St. Moritz with her brother, Mr. Stanley, who had gotten engaged to Lady Cairns]]. '''1899 April 26, Wednesday''', according to "Local and District News" for Totton, Gwendolen Bourke was "ill with influenza in Paris, and Mrs. Shelley Bontein, her mother, has gone out to nurse her."<ref>"Local and District News. Totton." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 26 April 1899, Wednesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 2b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18990426/037/0004. Print title ''Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper'', p. 4.</ref> '''1899 June 1, Thursday, or 2, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Wedding of Roger Cyril Sloane Stanley and Olivia, Countess Cairns|wedding of her brother, Sloane Stanley and Olivia Countess Cairns]] at Holy Trinity Church, Brompton. '''1899 June 8, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke's money troubles:<blockquote>The Hon. Algernon Bourke, son of the Earl of Mayo, has been appearing before the official receivers in connection with a winding-up order made against Willis’ Restaurant, Limited. The companyf [sic] was formed to acquire the well known restaurant from the Hon. H. A. Bourke. The chairman reminded the creditors that on the last occasion the meeting was adjourned because Mr. Bourke said he thought he would be able in the course of a fortnight to obtain an offer for a sum sufficient to satisfy the creditors and debenture holders. He had received a letter from Mr. Bourke to the effect that he had been unable to complete arrangements. Having looked into the affairs of the company more closely, it appeared to him that Mr. Bourke was legally liable to repay the sum of £5,000 which was advanced to White's Club, and the question would arise whether Mr. Bourke was not also liable to repay the sum of £4,000.<ref>"Mr. Bourke Must Pay." ''Irish Independent'' 8 June 1899, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 8c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001985/18990608/118/0004. Print title: ''The Irish Weekly Independent'', p. 4.</ref></blockquote>'''1899 July 1, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#1 July 1899, Saturday|meeting in London at the Duke of Westminster's Grosvenor House]] about preserving Killarney as part of the National Trust and seems to have been acting for someone who wanted to purchase the Muckross Estate. '''1899 July 5, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Dinner and Dance at Devonshire House|dance at Devonshire House hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire]]. '''1899 July 6, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Joan Wilson and Guy Fairfax's Wedding|wedding of Joan Wilson and Guy Fairfax in St. Mark's, near Grosvenor Square]]. '''1899 July 14, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#14 July 1899, Friday|Ernest Beckett's dinner party]]. '''1899 July 18, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Ludovici Lecture on Impressionism|lecture on Impressionism by Ludovici hosted by the Countess of Mayo]]. '''1899 July 28, Friday''', [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#White's|White's Club]] was no longer under Algernon Bourke's management and was reconstituting itself after the possibility that it would have to close. '''1889 July 31, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#Fete of the Uxbridge Habitation of the Primrose League|Fete of the Uxbridge Habitation of the Primrose League]] at Hillingdon Court and hosted by the Hon. Algernon and Lady Mary Mills. '''1899 September 9, Saturday''', the ''Eastern Morning News'' includes Algernon Bourke ("St. James's-street, London, club proprietor") in a list of men "Receiving Orders," which it is reprinting from the ''London Gazette''.<ref>"Receiving Orders." ''Eastern Morning'' News 9 September 1899, Saturday: 5 [of 8], Col. 3c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001152/18990909/074/0005. Same print title and p.</ref><p> '''1899 October 19, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke had a bankruptcy hearing:<blockquote>The public examination of the Hon. Algernon Bourke was held before Mr Registrar Giffard yesterday, at the London Bankruptcy Court. The debtor, described as proprietor of a St. James's-street club, furnished a statement of affairs showing unsecured debts £13,694 and debts fully secured £12,800, with assets which are estimated at £4,489 [?]. He stated, in reply to the Official Receiver, that he was formerly a member of the Stock Exchange, but had nothing to do with the firm of which he was a member during the last ten years. He severed his connection with the firm in May last, and believed he was indebted to them to the extent of £2,000 or £3,000. He repudiated a claim which they now made for £37,300. In 1889 he became proprietor of White's Club, St. James's-street, and carried it on until January 1st last, when he transferred it to a company called Recreations, Limited. One of the objects of the company was to raise money on debentures. The examination was formally adjourned.<ref name=":9" /></blockquote> '''1899 October 20, Friday''', the ''Morning Leader'' mentions Bourke's bankruptcy:<blockquote>Mr. Algernon Bourke, whose bankruptcy is much talked about, has been connected with numerous enterprises in clubland. He raised White's from the slough into which it had sunk after the secession of the Prince of Wales. He started the Willis Restaurant, put fresh life into the Orleans Club at Brighton, arranged a big restaurant for the bicyclists in the time of the bicycle parade, and was concerned at first in the smart and short-lived Trafalgar Bicycle Club. At one time his name spelt success. Latterly his luck has left him. He is a brother of Lord Mayo, a son of the peer who was assassinated at the post of duty, and is one of the best known men about town of the day.<ref>"Club, Stage, and Salon." ''Morning Leader'' 20 October 1899, Friday: 6 [of 12], Col. 5b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18991020/085/0006. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote>'''1899 November 8, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke's bankruptcy case came up again:<blockquote>At Bankruptcy Court, yesterday, the case the Hon. Algernon Bourke again came on for hearing before Mr. Registrar Giffard, and the examination was concluded. The debtor has at various times been proprietor of White’s Club, St. James’s-street, and the Orleans’ Club, Brighton, and also of Willis's Restaurant, King-street, St. James's. He attributed his failure to losses sustained by the conversion of White’s Club and the Orleans' Club into limited companies, to the payment of excessive Interest on borrowed money, and other causes. The liabilities amount to £26,590, of which £13,694 are stated to be unsecured, and assets £4,409.<ref>"Affairs of the Hon. A. Bourke." ''Globe'' 09 November 1899, Thursday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001652/18991109/020/0002. Print p. 2.</ref></blockquote> '''1899 December 23, Saturday''', "Mr. Algernon Bourke has departed for a tour in Africa, being at present the guest of his brother in Tunis."<ref>"The Society Pages." ''Walsall Advertiser'' 23 December 1899, Saturday: 7 [of 8], Col. 7b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001028/18991223/143/0007. Print p. 7.</ref> '''1899 December 29, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke was at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Christmas Party Hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough|Christmas Party Hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough]].<p> '''1899 December 31''', the San Francisco newspaper ''The Wave'' wrote the following about London society:<blockquote>The most prominent untitled people in London may be said to be Mr. and Mrs. [[Social Victorians/People/Williams|Hwfa Williams]], Mr. and Mrs. [[Social Victorians/People/Grenfell|Willie Grenfell]] and Mr. Algy Bourke. That they are passing rich, goes without saying, and that they entertain lavishly, understood — for to be untitled, prominent and successful, argues wealth, hospitality and cleverness.<ref>"London." The (San Francisco) ''Wave'' 14 January 1899 (Vol. XIX, No. 2): 14. ''The Internet Archive'' https://archive.org/details/wave19unse/page/n20/mode/1up.</ref></blockquote> === 1900s === '''1900 February 15, Thursday''', Daphne Bourke, the four-year-old daughter of the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke was a bridesmaid in the [[Social Victorians/Wilson Chesterfield Wedding 1900-02-15|wedding of Enid Wilson and the Earl of Chesterfield]].<ref>"London Day by Day." ''Daily Telegraph'' 15 February 1900, Thursday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/19000215/175/0008. Name in British Newspaper Archive: ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London). Print p. 8.</ref> Gwendolen Bourke, "who was in grey, wore a chinchilla toque with violets."<ref>"Society. Entertainments, Balls, &c." ''The Queen'' 24 February 1900, Saturday: 40 [of 76], Col. 1a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/19000224/235/0040. Print: ''The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper'', p. 308.</ref> '''1900 March 10, Saturday''', the ''Weekly Irish Times'' reprinted society gossip from ''The World'':<blockquote>Mrs. Algernon Bourke, who has been staying with her husband's uncle, old Connemara, during Mr. Algernon Bourke's absence abroad, has taken a new house near Portman square, and will be settling there before Easter.<ref>"Society Gossip." ''Weekly Irish Times'' 10 March 1900, Saturday: 17 [of 20], Col. 1b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001684/19000310/116/0017. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote>'''1900 July''' '''17, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke took part in the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#17 July 1900, Tuesday|Children's Fete in support of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children]] on the grounds of the Royal Botanic Society. Daphe was 5 at this time, so it seems logical that she would have been there, too. '''1900 July 30, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Barber of Seville at Covent Garden|''The Barber of Seville'' at Covent Garden]]. '''1890 August 6, Friday''', "[[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Beautiful Women|Beautiful Women]]," an article in ''Vanity Fair'' that was reprinted elsewhere, mentions Gwendolen Bourke ("Lady Algernon Bourke") as one of the most beautiful women in England. '''1900 August 11, Saturday''', Gwendolen Bourke got<blockquote>the pretty little Yorkshire String, an especially tiny mite, weighing only 2¹/₂lb, and carrying a very promising coat, ... at the Aquarium Show.<ref>"The Witchampton Kennel." "Ladies Kennels." ''Ladies' Field'' 11 August 1900, Saturday: 16 [of 60], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0006043/19000811/043/0016. Print title same, p. 390.</ref></blockquote><p> '''1900 September 16''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke became the heir presumptive to the Earldom of Mayo when his older brother Captain Hon. Sir Maurice Archibald Bourke died.<p> '''1900 October 06, Saturday''', the ''Weekly Irish Times'' says that Mr. Algernon Bourke, now heir presumptive to the earldom of Mayo, "has been for some months lately staying with Mr. Terence Bourke in Morocco."<ref>"Society Gossip." ''Weekly Irish Times'' 06 October 1900, Saturday: 14 [of 20], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001684/19001006/121/0014. Print p. 14.</ref><p> '''1901 May 30, Thursday''', the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke attended the fashionable [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#1901 May 30, Thursday|Ladies' Kennel Association Dog Show at the Botanic Garden]]. '''1901 July 2, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke — "pretty Mrs. Algernon Bourke, in a mauve gown and and purple tulle toque" — attended a children's party at the Botanic Gardens hosted by the Earl and Countess of Kilmorey.<ref>"The Earl of Kilmorey, K.P." ''Gentlewoman'' 13 July 1901: Saturday, 50 [of 84], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010713/237/0050. Print: title the same, p. 60.</ref> '''1901 July 4, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke — dressed "in pale grey, with her pretty little girl," 6-year-old Daphne — attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#The Countess of Yarborough's Children's Party|children's party hosted by the Countess of Yarborough]].<ref>"The Countess of Yarborough ...." ''Gentlewoman'' 13 July 1901, Saturday: 76 [of 84], Col. 2b, 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010713/381/0076. Print p. xxxvi.</ref>{{rp|Col. 3a}} '''1901 July 4–6, Thursday–Saturday''', Gwendolen Bourke helped staff the Perthshire stall<ref>"The Great County Sale." ''Gentlewoman'' 29 June 1901, Saturday: 43 [of 72], Col. 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010629/223/0043# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010629/223/0043]. Same print title, pp. 679.</ref> at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#The Great County Sale|Great County Sale in the Imperial Gardens of the Earl's Court Exhibition]]. '''1901 July 20, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' published the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke's portrait (identified with "Perthshire") in its 3rd series of "The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders."<ref>"The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders." ''Gentlewoman'' 20 July 1901, Saturday: 31 [of 60], Col. 4b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010720/141/0031. Print n.p.</ref> Their daughter Daphne appears in the portrait as well. '''1901 July 23, Tuesday''', an "Hon. Mrs. Bourke" was in the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox|party "entertained by Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox]]."<p> '''1901 September 12, Thursday''', Mrs. Gwendolen Bourke wanted her name listed as Mrs. Algernon Bourke in the Electoral Register, apparently a frequent complaint:<blockquote>Mr. Underhill, the Conservative agent, mentioned to the Revising Barrister (Mr. William F. Webster) that the name of the Hon. Mrs. Gwendolen Bourke was on the list in respect of the house, 75, Gloucester-place. The lady had written to him to say that she was the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke and that she wished that name to appear on the register. In reply to the Revising Barrister, Mr. Underhill said that “Algernon” was the name of the lady’s husband. Mr. Cooke, the rate-collector, said that Mrs. Bourke had asked to be addressed Mrs. Algernon Bourke, but that the Town Clerk thought the address was not a correct one. The lady signed her cheques Gwendolen.” Mr. Underhill said the agents frequently had indignant letters from ladies because they were not addressed by their husband’s Christian name. The Revising Barrister — lf a lady gave me the name of Mrs. John Smith I should say I had not got the voter’s name. The name Gwendolen must remain.<ref name=":15">"Ladies’ Names." ''Morning Post'' 12 September 1901, Thursday: 7 [of 10], Col. 3a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/19010912/130/0007. Print p. 7.</ref></blockquote> '''1901 October 26, Friday''', Algernon Bourke was on the Men's Committee of the [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Prince's Club Ice-skating Rink|Prince's Club Ice-skating Rink]], which had [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#The Prince's Club Ice-skating Rink Opening|its official opening on his day]]. '''1902 January''', Algernon Bourke is mentioned in [[Social Victorians/Schools#"More of My Contemporaries at School."|reminiscences of Eton written by the "Earl of X"]] as being among those in the "world of letters," and whose brother, later the Earl of Mayo, the Earl of X did not like. '''1902 January 25, Saturday''', Mrs. Algernon Bourke gave a box to Lady Helen Stewart-Vane-Tempest in honor of [[Social Victorians/Stewart-Stavordale Wedding 1902-01-25|Lady Helen's wedding to Giles Fox-Strangways, Lord Stavordale]]. '''1902 April 26, Saturday''', Mrs. A. Bourke is listed as being at the Norfolk Hotel in Brighton.<ref>"Guide to Visitors at Hotels and Boarding Houses." ''Brighton Gazette'' 26 April 1902, Saturday: 3 [of 8], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000938/19020426/116/0003. Same print title and p.</ref> '''1902 May, End of''', Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#End of May 1902|party at Blenheim Palace hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough]]. '''1902 June 11, Monday''', the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke had a dog entered in the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Ladies' Kennel Association Show|Ladies' Kennel Association competitions in the Botanic Gardens]]. '''1902 September 4, Thursday''', the ''Daily Express'' reported that "Mrs. Algernon Bourke is staying with Lord and Lady Alington at Scarborough."<ref>"Onlooker." "My Social Diary." "Where People Are." ''Daily Express'' 04 September 1902, Thursday: 5 [of 8], Col. 1b? [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19020904/099/0005. Print p. 4, Col. 7b [of 7].</ref> '''1902 September 22, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourke was a guest at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Earl and Countess of Mar and Kellie's House Party|large house party hosted by the Earl and Countess of Mar and Kellie]]. '''1902 October 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Annual Opening of the Prince's Ice-skating Rink|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]], which he had been doing since 1895. '''1902 October 25, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was bequeathed £500 by his uncle [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Robert Bourke]], who had died 3 September 1902.<ref>"Will of Lord Connemara." ''Kildare Observer and Eastern Counties Advertiser'' 25 October 1902, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 4b–c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001870/19021025/037/0002. Print title the ''Kildare Observer'', n.p.</ref><p> '''1902 October 31, Friday''', the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Annual Opening of the Prince's Ice-skating Rink|7th opening of the Prince's Skating Club]]. Guendoline Bourke was on the Women's Committee and Algernon Bourke was on the Men's.<p> '''1902 November 8, Friday, beginning, perhaps''', Gwendolen Bourke was part of the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#8 November 1902, Saturday|Earl and Countess of Warwick's shooting party at Easton Lodge]].<p> '''1902 December 9, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#9 December 1902, Tuesday|Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin's "at home," held at the Welch Industrial depot]] for the sale Welsh-made Christmas gifts and cards. Bourke wore "a fur coat and a black picture hat."<ref>"A Lady Correspondent." "Society in London." ''South Wales Daily News'' 11 December 1902, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000919/19021211/082/0004. Print p. 4.</ref> '''1903 February 6, Friday''', Hon. Mrs A. Bourke was present at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Dinner Party Hosted by Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and the Countess of Dudley|dinner party Hosted by Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and the Countess of Dudley]]. <p> '''1903 February 9, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourke was present at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Dinner Party Hosted by Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and the Countess of Dudley|house party at Dublin Castle hosted by the Lord Lieutenant and Countess of Dudley that began the Viceregal season]]. '''1903 March 17, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke staffed a booth at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#1903 March 17, Tuesday|sale of the Irish Industries Association]] on St. Patrick's Day with [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Lady Mayo]], [[Social Victorians/People/Dudley|Georgina Lady Dudley]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Miss Beresford]]. A number of other aristocratic women were also present at the sale in other booths, including [[Social Victorians/People/Londonderry|Lady Londonderry]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Lucan|Lady Lucan]]. '''1903 June 19, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke was invited to the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Grand Ball in the Waterloo Chamber at Windsor Castle|grand ball at Windsor Castle]], the end of the Ascot-week festivities. '''1903 June 23, Tuesday''', Gwendolen and Daphne Bourke were invited to a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#1903 June 23, Tuesday|children's party at Buckingham Palace for Prince Eddie's birthday]]. '''1903 July 10, Friday, or so''', Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Party Hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough|party hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough]]. '''1904 May 17, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke had agreed to let Daphne appear in the tableaux vivants arranged by Sir Philip Burne-Jones for the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Countess Cadogan's Great Bazaar|Countess of Cadogan's great bazaar]]. Some mothers had had to decline because of the outbreaks of measles and chicken pox.<p> '''1904 June 30, Thursday''', Gwendolen and Daphne Bourke attended another birthday party for Prince Eddie at Buckingham Palace, and the ''Gentlewoman'' says, "No prettier little girl was to be seen that day than little Miss Daphne Bourke, the daughter of the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke, with her wonderful Irish eyes and colouring, her pretty white frock being relieved with a rose pink sash."<ref>"Prince Eddie's Birthday." ''Gentlewoman'' 02 July 1904, Saturday: 68 [of 92]. Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19040702/360/0068. Print: title the same, p. 42.</ref><p> '''1904 September 15, Thursday''', according to what was at the time called the ''Irish Daily Independent and Nation'', Algernon Bourke was living in Venice and not in the UK at this point:<blockquote>Algernon Bourke, who usually lives in Venice, has spent some time in England during the present summer, and has now gone on a fishing expedition to Sweden, accompanied by his brother, Lord Mayo. Lady Mayo has been staying meanwhile in Ireland, and has had a visit from her mother, Lady Maria Ponsonby, who is a sister of Lend Obventry.<ref name=":10">"Society Notes." ''Irish Independent'' 15 September 1904, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001986/19040915/131/0004. Print title: ''Irish Daily Independent and Nation'', p. 4.</ref></blockquote> '''1904 October 22, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' reported that "Mrs. Algernon Bourke is paying a visit to Venice, which Mr. Bourke has made his headquarters for several years past, as he is connected with some very artistic stone and marble works situated near the Grand Canal."<ref>"The Social Peepshow." ''Gentlewoman'' 22 October 1904, Saturday: 24 [of 6ths 8], Col. 2c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19041022/112/0024. Print title same, p. 672.</ref> '''1905 February 17, Friday''', the Dundee ''Evening Post'' reported that Algernon Bourke "set up a shop in Venice for the sale of art treasures and old furniture."<ref>"Social News." Dundee ''Evening Post'' 17 February 1905, Friday: 6 [of 6], Col. 7b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000582/19050217/105/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1905 April 26, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#New Forest United Hunt Ball|New Forest United Hunt Ball]], as did her brother Captain R. C. H. Sloane Stanley and his wife Olivia Countess Cairns.<p> '''1905 June 5, Monday''', Algernon Bourke wrote to the ''Times'' from Venice that "The Venetian wits have suggested a motto for Admiral Togo, Togo Tenga Tutto (Togo takes the lot)."<ref>"Mr. Algernon Bourke." ''Hull Daily Mail'' 08 June 1905, Thursday: 2 [of 6], Col. 6a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000324/19050608/008/0002. Print title ''Daily Mail'', p. 6.</ref><p> '''1905, last week of July''', Gwendolen Bourke and daughter Daphne Bourke — who was 10 years old — attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Last week of July, 1905|Lady Cadogan's children's party at Chelsea House]]. Daphne was "One of loveliest little girls present."<ref>"Court and Social News." ''Belfast News-Letter'' 01 August 1905, Tuesday: 7 [of 10], Col. 6b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000038/19050801/157/0007. Print p. 7.</ref><p> '''1906 March 9, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke was a reference for Mr. Frances Burgess, who taught piano, singing, voice production, organ and music theory. Burgess was "Organist and Choirmaster of St. Columbs', North Kensington, Director of the Plainsong and Medieval Music Society's Choir, etc., etc."<ref name=":21">"Mr. Francis Burgess." ''Kilburn Times'' 9 March 1906, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001813/19060309/086/0003. Print title: ''Kilburn Times Hampstead and North-western Press'', p. 3.</ref><p> '''1906 December 10, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourke was seen in the tea room, possibly with Lady Grosvenor, at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#1906 December 10, Monday|Lady Dudley's sale of Irish needlework]].<p> '''1907 May''', a "naval signalling incident" [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#May 1887|caused the Waterford ''Evening News'' to recall a similar event]] that had occurred 20 years earlier, in which Algernon Bourke, as special correspondent for the ''Times'', publicized [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Lord Charles Beresford]]'s use of his ship's signalling capabilities to send a message to his wife about being late for dinner:<blockquote> The naval signalling incident is still in the air. It is expected that the matter will not be threshed out until Emperor William leaves England. A story of a former signalling incident in which [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Lord Charles Beresford]] was concerned is going the rounds at the moment.</blockquote> '''1907 August 24, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was present at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Polo Week at Eaton Hall, Duke and Duchess of Westminster|Polo Week at Eaton Hall, hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Westminster]]. '''1908 July 30, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke was at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Glorious Goodwood. Cup Day and Dresses.|Cup Day at the Goodwood races]], wearing salmon-pink with a matching hat. '''1909 April 20, Tuesday''', Lady Rosemary Cairns — daughter of Olivia Sloan-Stanley, Countess Cairns and Cyril Sloane-Stanley — and Wyndham Portal were [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#20 April 1909, Tuesday|married in St. Margaret's, Westminster]]. Lavender and Diane Sloane-Stanley were bridesmaids.<p> '''1909 May 22, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke appears to have been living in Pisa. A columnist for the ''Queen'' reported on the Royal School of Art Needlework:<blockquote>Lady Leconfield [?] was there, also her sister-in-law, the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Dowager Lady Mayo]], only just back from her winter on the Continent, when she spent most of the time at Pisa, where her son Mr Algernon Bourke has also been staying. The latter is a great connoisseur as regards [art?] notably in what is really good in the way of old Italian sculpture and carving. He and his handsome wife have a place near to Putney, and this winter again Mr Bourke, as the result of his Italian travels, has been sending home such relics of the old Italian palace gardens as as stone and marble carved vases, garden seats, and what-not of the kind — not all for himself and his own gardens by any means, I fancy; but his friends, relying on his knowledge in such matters, get him when abroad to choose for [them?] the adornment of their English terraces and gardens.<ref>"My Social Diary." The ''Queen'' 22 May 1909, Saturday: 31 [of 86], Col. 1b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/19090522/203/0031. Print p. 871.</ref></blockquote>'''1909 September''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was among the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Visitors in Venice from the U.K.|many visitors from "England" in Venice]] in September. === 1910s === '''1910 April 20, Wednesday''', the ''Tatler'' printed an "open letter" to Geraldine, Countess of Mayo, as part of its "The Searchlight in Society" series and mentioned Algernon Bourke, saying he had been keeping "a curiosity shop at Venice":<blockquote>The Bourkes have brains, and a good example is afforded by Mr. Algernon Bourke, next brother to Lord Mayo and heir-presumptive to the title. He is a good-looking man who used to be known as Buttons Bourke, and he married well, as his wife was the rich and pretty Miss Guendolen Sloane Stanley. He may be described as a "Jack of all trades," but it is not I who will say that he is a master of none. He was once in the Stock Exchange, then he took White's Club in hand and restored it to much of its former prestige. After that he dabbled in smart hotels and restaurants, and the last thing I heard of him was that he kept a curiosity shop at Venice.<ref>Candida. "The Searchlight in Society. Our Open Letter. No. CII. The Countess of Mayo." The ''Tatler'' 20 April 1910, Wednesday: 18 [of 42], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001852/19100420/023/0018. Print title same, p. 72.</ref></blockquote> '''1911 November 21, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke assisted the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s#21 November 1911, Tuesday|Duchess of Marlborough at her at-home]] that included a sale of work by the wives of prisoners.<p> '''1912 September 27, Friday''', Gwendolen and Daphne Bourke were visiting Mr. and Mrs. Shelley Bontein, her mother and stepfather.<ref>"From 'The World.'" ''Berks and Oxon Advertiser'' 27 September 1912, Friday: 2 [of 8], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002298/19120927/014/0002. Same print title, n.p.</ref><p> '''1913 April 23, Wednesday''', the Irish Independent reported that Gwendolen and Daphne Bourke had arrived in London for the season:<blockquote><p> The Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke and Miss Bourke have arrived for the season at 75 Gloucester place, Portman square, London.<ref>"Social and Personal." ''Irish Independent'' 23 April 1913, Wednesday: 4 [of 10], Col. 5b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001715/19130423/081/0004. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote><p> '''1913 May 7, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke presented her daughter Daphne Bourke at court:<blockquote>Mrs. Algernon Bourke presented her daughter, and wore blue and gold broché with a gold lace train.<ref>"Social and Personal." London ''Daily Chronicle'' 08 May 1913, Thursday: 6 [of 12], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005049/19130508/120/0006. Print p. 6.</ref></blockquote> The ''Pall Mall Gazette'' has a description of Daphne Bourke's dress, but what exactly "chiffon [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hoops|paniers]]" means in 1913 is not clear:<blockquote>Court dressmakers appear to have surpassed all previous records in their efforts to make the dresses for to-night’s Court as beautiful as possible. Noticeable among these is the dainty presentation gown to be worn by Miss Bourke, who will be presented by her mother, the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke. This has a skirt of soft white satin draped with chiffon [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hoops|paniers]] and a bodice veiled with chiffon and trimmed with diamanté and crystal embroidery. Miss Bourke’s train, gracefully hung from the shoulders, is of white satin lined with pale rose pink chiffon and embroidered with crystal and diamanté.<ref>"Fashion Day by Day. Lovely Gowns for To-night's Court." ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 07 May 1913, Wednesday: 13 [of 18], Col. 1a [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/19130507/199/0013. Print n.p.</ref></blockquote>The ''London Evening Standard'' describes Gwendolen and Daphne Bourke the same way except with differences in editing:<blockquote>Miss Bourke: Presented by her mother, the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke. Dainty presentation gown of white satin, the skirt draped with chiffon paniers, bodice veiled chiffon and trimmed with diamanté and crystal embroidery. Train gracefully hung from shoulder of white satin embroidered with crystal and diamanté, lined with pale rose pink chiffon.<ref>"Some of the Dresses." "The King and Queen. Third Court. Most Brilliant of the Year." ''London Evening Standard'' 08 May 1913, Thursday: 11 [of 18], Col. 4b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/19130508/237/0011. Print title ''The Standard'', p. 11.</ref></blockquote> According to the ''Lady's Pictorial'', Daphne Bourke's dress was designed and constructed by [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Messrs Russell and Allen|Messrs. Russell and Allen]], Old Bond-street, W., and the description is identical (except for a couple of commas).<ref>"Their Majesties' Court." ''Lady's Pictorial'' 17 May 1913, Saturday: 35 [of 64], Col. 2c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005980/19130517/296/0035. Same print title, p. 787.</ref> '''1914 May 11, Monday''', Gwendolen and Daphne Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s#Dance at the Ritz Hosted by Mrs. George Marjoribanks|dance at the Ritz hosted by Mrs. George Marjoribanks]]. '''1915 January 1, Friday''', Algernon Bourke is listed as being on the Executive Committee of the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s#1915 January 1, Friday|National Food Fund, publicized by the ''Conservative and Unionist Women's Franchise Review'']]. '''1916 August 25, Friday''', Daphne Bourke's and John Fortescue's engagement was announced:<blockquote>A most attractive prospective bride (says the "Star") is Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bourke's only daughter, Miss Daphne Bourke, whose engagement has just taken place to Mr. Fortescue, of the Coldstream Guards. Miss Bourke is tall, dark, and very beautiful; and Mr. Fortescue is one of the family of Boconoc, Cornwall, and Dropmore, Maidenhead. At the latter place the two families have been neighbours, for Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bourke have a charming country residence at Taplow, while Dropmore is famous for its magnificent gardens.<ref>"Personalia." ''Uxbridge & W. Drayton Gazette'' 25 August 1916, Friday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002285/19160825/043/0004. Print title ''The Advertiser'', p. 4.</ref></blockquote><p>'''1917 June 7, Thursday''', Daphne Bourke and John Grenville Fortescue [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s#7 June 1917, Thursday|married in the Coldstream Guards' chapel]]. == Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball == According to both the ''Morning Post'' and the ''Times'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]] at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]].<ref name=":2">"Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House." ''Morning Post'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 7 [of 12], Col. 4a–8 Col. 2b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970703/054/0007.</ref><ref name=":3">"Ball at Devonshire House." The ''Times'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 12, Cols. 1a–4c ''The Times Digital Archive''. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.</ref> Based on the people they were dressed as, Gwendolen Bourke was probably in this procession but it seems unlikely that Algernone Bourke was. [[File:Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.jpg|thumb|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a standing woman richly dressed in an historical costume with a headdress and a very large fan|Hon. '''Guendoline''' Bourke as Salammbô. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] === Hon. Guendoline Bourke === [[File:Alfons Mucha - 1896 - Salammbô.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Highly stylized orange-and-yellow painting of a bare-chested woman with a man playing a harp at her feet|Alfons Mucha's 1896 ''Salammbô''.]] Lafayette's portrait (right) of "'''Guendoline''' Irene Emily Bourke (née Sloane-Stanley) as Salammbô" in costume is photogravure #128 in the '''album''' presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4">"Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball (1897): photogravures by Walker & Boutall after various photographers." 1899. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait-list.php?set=515.</ref> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo."<ref>"Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158491/Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.</ref> ==== Newspaper Accounts ==== The Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke was dressed as Salambo in the Oriental procession<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> in a costume made by [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Mrs. Mason|Mrs. Mason]]. Besides the two that mention her — the ''Morning Post'' and the ''Times'' — only two describe her costume, the London ''Evening Standard'' and the ''Gentlewoman'': * "Mrs. A. Bourke, as an Egyptian Princess, with the Salambo coiffure, wore a flowing gown of white and silver gauze covered with embroidery of lotus flowers. The top of the gown was ornamented with old green satin embroidered with blue turquoise and gold, and studded with rubies. The train was of old green broché with sides of orange and gold embroidery, and from the ceinture depended long bullion fringe and an embroidered ibis."<ref>“The Ball at Devonshire House. Magnificent Spectacle. Description of the Dresses.” London ''Evening Standard'' 3 July 1897 Saturday: 3 [of 12], Cols. 1a–5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18970703/015/0004.</ref>{{rp|p. 3, Col. 3b}} * "(Egyptian Princess), drapery gown of white and silver gauze, covered with embroidery of lotus flowers; the top of gown appliqué with old green satin embroidered blue turquoise and gold, studded rubies; train of old green broché."<ref>“The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The ''Gentlewoman'' 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.</ref>{{rp|p. 40, Col. 3a}} ==== Commentary ==== * ==== Salammbô ==== Salammbô is the fictitious protagonist in Gustave Flaubert's 1862 novel ''Salammbô'', set during the Roman war against Carthage.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-29|title=Salammbô|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salammb%C3%B4&oldid=1221352216|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salammb%C3%B4.</ref> Salammbô is a Carthaginian priestess of the lunar goddess Tanit. Matho, a Roman mercenary, breaks into Tanit's temple and steals her sacred veil — the spiritual guardian of Carthage. Salammbô sneaks into Matho's tent in the enemy encampment to steal the veil back. She meets him there, and "believing each other to be divine apparitions," they make love.<ref name=":5" /> Salammbô succceds in getting the veil back, but the effect of both having touched it is that Matho is tortured and executed, which causes her to die of shock. Ernest Reyer's opera ''Salammbô'' was based on Flaubert's novel and published in Paris in 1890 and performed in 1892<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-11|title=Ernest Reyer|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Reyer&oldid=1218353215|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Reyer.</ref> (both Modest Mussorgsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff had attempted but not completed operas based on the novel as well<ref name=":5" />). Alfons Mucha's 1896 lithograph of Salammbô (above left) was published the year before the ball.[[File:Algernon Henry Bourke Vanity Fair 20 January 1898.jpg|thumb|alt=Old colored drawing of an elegant elderly man dressed in a 19th-century tuxedo with a cloak, top hat and formal pointed shoes with bows, standing facing 1/4 to his right|''Algy'' — Algernon Henry Bourke — by "Spy," ''Vanity Fair'' 20 January 1898]] === Hon. Algernon Bourke === [[File:Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a man richly dressed in an historical costume sitting in a fireplace that does not have a fire and holding a tankard|Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] '''Lafayette's portrait''' (left) of "Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton" in costume is photogravure #129 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4" /> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton."<ref>"Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158492/Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.</ref> This portrait is amazing and unusual: Algernon Bourke is not using a photographer's set with theatrical flats and props, certainly not one used by anyone else at the ball itself. Isaak Walton (baptised 21 September 1593 – 15 December 1683) wrote ''The Compleat Angler''.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021-09-15|title=Izaak Walton|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izaak_Walton&oldid=1044447858|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izaak_Walton.</ref> A cottage Walton lived in and willed to the people of Stafford was photographed in 1888, suggesting that its relationship to Walton was known in 1897, raising a question about whether Bourke could have used the fireplace in the cottage for his portrait. (This same cottage still exists, as the [https://www.staffordbc.gov.uk/izaak-waltons-cottage Isaak Walton Cottage] museum.) A caricature portrait (right) of the Hon. Algernon Bourke, called "Algy," by Leslie Ward ("Spy") was published in the 20 January 1898 issue of ''Vanity Fair'' as Number 702 in its "Men of the Day" series,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-01-14|title=List of Vanity Fair (British magazine) caricatures (1895–1899)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899)&oldid=1195518024|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899).</ref> giving an indication of what he looked like out of costume. === Mr. and Mrs. Bourke === The ''Times'' made a distinction between the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke, including both in the article.<ref name=":3" /> Occasionally this same article mentions the same people more than once in different contexts and parts of the article, so they may be the same couple. (See [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke#Notes and Question|Notes and Question]] #2, below.) == Demographics == === The Bourkes === *Nationality: Anglo-Irish<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-11-14|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=988654078|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> *Occupation: journalist. 1895: restaurant, hotel and club owner and manager<ref>''Cheltenham Looker-On'', 23 March 1895. Via Ancestry but taken from the BNA.</ref> ==== Residences ==== *Ireland: 1873: Palmerston House, Straffan, Co. Kildare.<ref name=":7" /> Not Co. Mayo? *1888–1891: 33 Cadogan Terrace, S.W., Kensington and Chelsea, a dwelling house<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970, Register of Voters, 1891.</ref> *1894: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1894. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1900: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1904: Algernon Bourke was "usually liv[ing] in Venice"<ref name=":10" /> *1906: 75, Gloucester-place, W.<ref name=":21" /> *Gwendolen Bourke *1911: 1911 Fulham, London<ref name=":6" /> *20 Eaton Square, S.W. (in 1897)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pl0oAAAAYAAJ|title=Who's who|date=1897|publisher=A. & C. Black|language=en}} 712, Col. 1b.</ref> (London home of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]]) === The Sloane-Stanleys === ==== Residences ==== * 1871: Chester Street, St George Hanover Square (Census), with 5 servants, including a cook and a footman.<ref name=":16">The National Archives; Kew, London, England; ''1871 England Census''; Class: ''RG10''; Piece: ''104''; Folio: ''21''; Page: ''37''; GSU roll: ''838763''. Ancestry.com. ''1871 England Census'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.</ref> * 1881–1885<ref>''UK, City and County Directories, 1600s-1900s''. Ancestry.com. ''UK, City and County Directories, 1766 - 1946'' [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.</ref> [at least]: 14 Halkin Street, W., St. Georges, 14 servants, including a governess, a house steward, an under butler, a footman and a cook.<ref>''Census Returns of England and Wales, 1881''. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1881. Class: ''RG11''; Piece: ''98''; Folio: ''66''; Page: ''37''; GSU roll: ''1341022''. Ancestry.com and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ''1881 England Census'' [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.</ref> * 1888: 49, Cadogan-square, St. Luke, Chelsea<ref>Ancestry.com. ''London, England, Overseer Returns, 1863-1894'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.</ref> * 1899, Roger Cyril Sloane-Stanley: 4 Down St., St George, Hanover Square<ref>London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; ''Electoral Registers''. Ancestry.com. ''London, England, Electoral Registers, 1832-1965'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.</ref> * 1911, Roger Cyril Sloane-Stanley: Paultons, Ower, Romsey == Family == *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (31 December 1854 – 7 April 1922)<ref>"Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p29657.htm#i296561|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> *Gwendolen Irene Emily Sloane-Stanley Bourke (c. 1869 – 30 December 1967)<ref name=":1">"Guendoline Irene Emily Stanley." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p51525.htm#i515247|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> #Daphne Marjory Bourke (5 April 1895 – 22 May 1962) === Relations === *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (the 3rd son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|6th Earl of Mayo]]) was the older brother of Lady Florence Bourke.<ref name=":0" /> *Wilfred Blunt was a cousin of Algernon Bourke: his mother's "mother was one of the Blunts of Crabbet Park, Sussex, which makes them kinswomen of Mr. Alfred Scawen Blunt, poet, Egyptophil and counsel for Arabi Pasha in his trial."<ref>"From ''Truth''." ''Mid-Lothian Journal'' 23 August 1912, Friday: 8 [of 8], 2c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002721/19120823/147/0008. Print title and p. same.</ref> ==== Other Bourkes ==== *Hubert Edward Madden Bourke (after 1925, Bourke-Borrowes)<ref>"Hubert Edward Madden Bourke-Borrowes." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004.</ref> *Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke, who married [[Social Victorians/People/Dunraven|Windham Henry Wyndham-Quin]] on 7 July 1885;<ref>"Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-02}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747.</ref> he became 5th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl on 14 June 1926. === The Sloane-Stanleys === * Emilie Josephine S Stanley ( 21 December 1848 [baptism]<ref>London Metropolitan Archives; "London, England, UK" ; ''London Church of England Parish Registers''; Reference Number: ''P87/Tri/001''. Ancestry.com. ''London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1923'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.</ref> – October 1945) * Hans T Sloane Stanley (11 May 1840 [baptism]<ref>Ancestry.com. ''England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975'' [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014.</ref> – 15 December 1888<ref>Ancestry.com. ''UK and Ireland, Find a Grave® Index, 1300s-Current'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012.</ref>) * James Shell[e?]y Bontein () *# Gwendoline<ref name=":14" /> Irene Emily G Stanley (c. 1870<ref name=":16" /> – ) *# '''Roger Cyril Hans Sloane Stanley''' (29 April 1875<ref>The National Archives; Kew, Surrey, England; ''WO 42 War Office: Officers' Birth Certificates, Wills and Personal Papers 1755-1908''; Reference: ''WO 42/72''. Ancestry.com. ''UK, Officers' Birth Certificates, Wills and Personal Papers, 1755-1908'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2023.</ref> – 18 November 1944<ref>''Find a Grave''. Find a Grave®. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi. Ancestry.com. ''UK and Ireland, Find a Grave® Index, 1300s-Current'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012.</ref>) * Olivia Elizabeth Berens, Countess Cairns<ref>The National Archives of the UK (TNA); Kew, Surrey, England; ''Census Returns of England and Wales, 1911''. Ancestry.com. ''1911 England Census'' [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011.</ref> (c. 1871 – 20 June 1951<ref>"Olivia Elizabeth Berens." Person Page 3908; person #39077. ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe''. https://www.thepeerage.com/p3908.htm#i39077. </ref>) * Arthur William Cairns, 2nd Earl Cairns (21 December 1861 – 14 January 1890)<ref name=":20">"Arthur William Cairns, 2nd Earl Cairns." Person Page 3908; Person #39076. ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe''. https://www.thepeerage.com/p3908.htm#i39076.</ref> *# Lady Louise Rosemary Kathleen Virginia Cairns (10 March 1889 – 17 May 1962)<ref name=":20" /> * Roger Cyril Hans Sloane Stanley (1875 – 18 November 1944) *# Lavender Elizabeth (20 May 1900 [baptism]<ref>Hampshire Archives and Local Studies; Winchester, England, UK; ''Anglican Parish Registers''; Reference: ''35M76/PR3''. Ancestry.com. ''Hampshire, England, Church of England Baptisms, 1813-1921''[database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2023.</ref> – ) *# Diane Sloane Stanley (c. 1905 – ) * Lavender Elizabeth (20 May 1900 [baptism] – ) * John Everett () * Diane Sloane Stanley (c. 1905 – ) * Elwyn Villiers Rhys () == Writings, Memoirs, Biographies, Papers == === Writings === * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon. ''The History of White's''. London: Algernon Bourke [privately published], 1892. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed., "with a brief Memoir." ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll with His Sister-in-Law, Lady Gertrude Sloane Stanley, 1818–1838''. John Murray, 1893. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed. ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll''. John Murray, 1894. === Papers === * Where are the papers for the Earl of Mayo family? Are Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke's papers with them? == Notes and Questions == #The portrait of Algernon Bourke in costume as Isaac Walton is really an amazing portrait with a very interesting setting, far more specific than any of the other Lafayette portraits of these people in their costumes. Where was it shot? Lafayette is given credit, but it's not one of his usual backdrops. If this portrait was taken the night of the ball, then this fireplace was in Devonshire House; if not, then whose fireplace is it? #The ''Times'' lists Hon. A. Bourke (at 325) and Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke (at 236) as members of a the "Oriental" procession, Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke (in the general list of attendees), and then a small distance down Mr. and Mrs. Bourke (now at 511 and 512, respectively). This last couple with no honorifics is also mentioned in the report in the London ''Evening Standard'', which means the Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke, so the ''Times'' may have repeated the Bourkes, who otherwise are not obviously anyone recognizable. If they are not the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke, then they are unidentified. It seems likely that they are the same, however, as the newspapers were not perfectly consistent in naming people with their honorifics, even in a single story, especially a very long and detailed one in which people could be named more than once. #Three slightly difficult-to-identify men were among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]]: [[Social Victorians/People/Halifax|Gordon Wood]], [[Social Victorians/People/Portman|Arthur B. Portman]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Spencer-Churchill Wilson|Wilfred Wilson]]. The identification of Gordon Wood and Wilfred Wilson is high because of contemporary newspaper accounts. The Hon. Algernon Bourke, who was also in the Suite of Men, is not difficult to identify at all. Arthur Portman appears in a number of similar newspaper accounts, but none of them mentions his family of origin. #[http://thepeerage.com The Peerage] has no other Algernon Bourkes. #The Hon Algernon Bourke is #235 on the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball#List of People Who Attended|list of people who were present]]; the Hon. Guendoline Bourke is #236; a Mr. Bourke is #703; a Mrs. Bourke is #704. #Hans Stanley-Sloane's estate was £33,704 7s. 5d. in the final probate in December 1889,<ref>Principal Probate Registry; London, England; ''Calendar of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration made in the Probate Registries of the High Court of Justice in England''. Ancestry.com. ''England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1995'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.</ref> which might lead his widow to consider remarrying. == Footnotes == {{reflist}} relptrrr3c00u9mcsb265961acsansp 2720071 2720070 2025-06-29T22:29:37Z Scogdill 1331941 2720071 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Leslie Ward - Vanity Fair, Newspapermen, ^Algy^, The Hon Algernon Henry Bourke, Januray 20, 1898 - B1979.14.521 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg|thumb|Hon. Algernon Bourke, ''Vanity Fair'', 1898]] ==Also Known As== * Family name: Bourke [pronounced ''burk'']<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal|date=2024-05-07|title=Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=1222668659|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> * The Hon. Algernon Bourke ** Button Bourke<ref>"A Tory 'Reformer' at the India Office." ''India'' 10 November 1911, Friday: 4 [of 12], Col. 1b [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004300/19111110/007/0004#. Print: same title, p. 228.</ref> ** Algy Bourke * Mrs. Gwendolen Bourke ** Gwendolen<ref>General Register Office. ''England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes''. London, England: General Register Office. FreeBMD. ''England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1837-1915''[database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006.</ref>{{rp|Marriage Index}} <ref name=":15" />{{rp|''Morning Post'' article about her name}} <ref>General Register Office. ''England and Wales Civil Registration Indexes''. London, England: General Register Office. FreeBMD. ''England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1837-1915''[database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006.</ref>{{rp|Electoral Register}} ** Guendoline<ref name=":1" /> ['''National Portrait Gallery?'''] ** Gwendoline<ref name=":14">City of Westminster Archives Centre; London, England; ''Westminster Church of England Parish Registers''; Reference: ''SPWP/PR/1/2''. Ancestry.com. ''Westminster, London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1919'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2020.</ref>{{rp|Births and Baptisms}} * Shelley Bontein and Emilie Sloane-Stanley Bontein * See also the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|page for the Earl of Mayo]], the Hon. Algernon Bourke's father and then brother, and other Bourkes == Overview == === Algernon Bourke === Although the Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke was born in Dublin in 1854 and came from a family whose title is in the Peerage of Ireland,<ref name=":6">1911 England Census.</ref> he seems to have spent much of his adult life generally in England and especially in London. He was "a noted fisherman."<ref>"London Correspondence." ''Freeman's Journal'' 21 December 1897, Tuesday: 5 [of 8], Col. 5c [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000056/18971221/027/0005. Same print title, n.p.</ref> Because he was the son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]], perhaps, or perhaps because he was so involved in projects that got reported on, he was mentioned a great deal in the newspapers, but after his bankruptcy, he seems to have receded in prominence, in part because he was living outside of the U.K., and apparently separately from his wife, Gwendolen Bourke. Bourke ran as the Conservative candidate for Parliament from Clapham (population, c. 70,000) in 1885, a race he did not win. As a candidate he is described like this:<blockquote>Acted as a newspaper correspondent during the Zulu war. Subsequently Poor-law inspector in the West of Ireland. "A loyal supporter of Church and State." Desires to reduce the School Board expenditure, and revive trade; and is opposed to Mr. Chamberlain's "police of hasty and experimental reform."<ref>"Clapham (70,000)." ''South London Chronicle'' 17 October 1885, Saturday: 5 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000443/18851017/113/0005. Print title ''South London Chronicle and Southwark and Lambeth Ensign'', p. 5.</ref></blockquote>The London ''Weekly Dispatch'' says he is "a dashing and unscrupulous young Tory."<ref>"The Political Campaign in London." ''Weekly Dispatch'' (London) 15 November 1885, Sunday: 9 [of 16], Col. 3c [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003358/18851115/069/0009. Same print title and p.</ref> "Algy" Bourke was "Man of the Day" (No. DCCII [522) for ''Vanity Fair'' in 1898, caricatured by Leslie Ward (above right):<blockquote>Son of the great and murdered Lord Mayo, he is contemporary with the outbreak of the Crimean War, he is a Member of the London Stock Exchange, he has a beautiful wife and a daughter, and, being a very fashionable young man, he was once refused as their Member by the worthy electors of Clapham. He was an Eton boy, of course: and less naturally he went to Cambridge; where he was made President of the Beefsteak, the Amateur Dramatic, the Athenaeum, the True Blue, and the Hibernian Clubs. When he came down he tried journalism and went to Zululand as a ''Daily Telegraph'' ‘‘special”; after which he was improved into an Inspector of Workhouses [2, Col. 2c – 3, Col. 1a] in Ireland: which may account for his proficiency as a caterer. For seven years he worked under the late Mr. Chinnery on ''The Times'': being popularly supposed to look after that journal's morals. He is a good man of business, and a great organiser who has made White's Club pay even if it be less “smart" than it was. He has done much for Willis’s since he took it in hand; he did well with his Battersea venture, and he thinks that he only failed with the Summer Club in Kensington Gardens because people would not go to the wrong side of the Park. Moreover, he runs a Club at Brighton, and he is Chairman of the Grand Hotel at Monte Carlo: whither he once organised a cheap trip. Altogether he is a veritable Clubman, and a very successful arranger of amusements, associations, and restaurants. He is a popular fellow who is known to all of us; and though he is a little inclined to be quarrelsome, no one can get much the better of him. He is also a quick grasper of facts and a good talker. His favourite sports are fishing and the organising of associations for the introduction of salmon to the Thames. By way of being an art critic, he has made an interesting collection of engravings of the members of White’s Club from its foundation; but his friends say that he is not a well-dressed man. He has also written a history of White’s, and he is now writing one of Brooks's Club. He is a genial person, who looks as if the world agreed with him well. He is an aquisition [sic] to a house party; and they call him “Algy.”<ref>"Men of the Day." — No. DCCII [522]. The Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke." ''Vanity Fair'' 20 January 1898, Thursday: 2 [of 4], Col. 2c – 3, Col. 3a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/9900020/18980120/010/0002 and https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/9900020/18980120/005/0003. Same print title, pp. 41–42. Portrait is full page, on p. 1.</ref></blockquote>The Hon. Algernon Bourke and Mr. Algernon Bourke, depending on the newspaper article, were the same person. Calling him Mr. Bourke in the newspapers, especially when considered as a businessman or (potential) member of Parliament, does not rule out the son of an earl, who would normally be accorded the honorific of ''Honorable''. === Gwendolen Sloane-Stanley Bourke === Mrs. Gwendolen Bourke exhibited at dog shows successfully and was a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Society Sportswomen|noted deerstalker]] and "an appreciative listener to good music."<ref>"Vanity Fair." ''Lady of the House'' 15 June 1899, Thursday: 4 [of 44], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004836/18990615/019/0004.</ref> Her personal beauty is often mentioned in reports, and ''The World'' says she was "a magnificent woman."<ref>"Beauties of To-Day. From the ''World''." ''Clifton Society'' 24 June 1897, Thursday: 14 [of 16], Col. 2c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002164/18970624/066/0014. Same print and p.</ref> She is the first listed in the ''Graphic''<nowiki/>'s 1891 "Leading Ladies of Society":<blockquote>The Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke is a daughter (Gwendoline Irene Emily) of the late Hans Sloane Stanley, Esq., of Poultons, Southampton, and 49, Cadogan Square, S.W. She married, on December 15th, 1887, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, third son of the sixth Earl of Mayo, Governor-General of India (who was assassinated in 1872), and nephew of Lord Connemara, Governor of Madras. Mr. Bourke is a member of the London Stock Exchange, and resides at 33, Cadogan Terrace, S.W.<ref>"Leading Ladies of Society." The Graphic 28 March 1891, Saturday: 6 [of 28], Col. 2c [of 3]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/9000057/18910328/019/0006. Print: same title, p. 346.</ref></blockquote>She attended many social events without her husband, especially into the 20th century, usually with an appreciative description of what she wore. She was a sponsor of Irish art needlework as well. Unlike her husband's, Gwendolen's social status seems to have risen as time passed, and she appears in stories associated with the Princess of Wales, and then later with Queen Alexandra. === The Sloane-Stanley Family === Gwendolen's family consisted of a younger brother, Cyril Sloane-Stanley, as well as her parents, Hans Sloane-Stanley and Emilie Edwards Sloane-Stanley. Exactly one year after she and Algernon Bourke married, Hans Sloane-Stanley died (in 1888), leaving an estate worth £33,704 7s. 5d.<ref name=":17">Principal Probate Registry; London, England; ''Calendar of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration made in the Probate Registries of the High Court of Justice in England''. Ancestry.com. ''England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1995'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.</ref> (1888, 321) Her mother remarried almost exactly a year after that, to James Shelly Bontein. Bontein's father had been Gentleman Usher and Clerk of the Robes to Queen Victoria.<ref name=":18">"Marriages." "Births, Marriages, and Deaths." ''Belfast News-Letter'' 6 December 1889, Friday: 1 [of 8], Col. 1a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000038/18891206/001/0001. Same print title and p.</ref> Shortly after his death ''Truth'' described Gwendolen and Cyril's father Hans Sloane-Stanley:<blockquote>The death of Mr. Sloane Stanley, of Paultons Park, is much regretted in South Hants, as he was one of the most popular landlords in the county, and was greatly esteemed. Mr. Sloane Stanley was well known in yachting circles, and for many years he was Commodore of the Royal Southern Yacht Club, and owned the schooner ''Star of the West''. He was one of the very few owners who continued to keep up the old custom of giving his crew a laying-up supper at the close of each season. There were great festivities at Paultons only a few months ago, when Miss Sloane Stanley was married to Mr. Algernon Bourke.<ref>"Entre Nous." ''Truth'' 27 December 1888, Thursday: 6 [of 48], Col. 2b [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18881227/023/0006# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18881227/023/0006]. Same print title, p. 1136.</ref></blockquote>When he died in 1944, Cyril Sloane-Stanley's estate was quite a bit larger than his father's had been 50 years before. The probate was divided between what was limited to "settled land" and what was "save and except settled land." What was not settled land totalled £356,114 12s. 10d. and went to John Everett, company director; the Hon. Elwyn Villiers Rhys, captain, H.M. army; and William Adam de Geijer, retired captain, H.M. army.<ref name=":17" /> (1944, 430) His daughter Lavender was married to John Everett, and Diane was married to Elwyn Villiers Rhys. What was settled land totalled £168,975 and went to William Adam de Geijer, retired captain, H.M. army, and George Lawrence Stewart, solicitor.<ref name=":17" /> (1944, 430) The Sloane-Stanleys descend from Hans Sloane (1660–1753), whose 71,000-item collections "provid[ed] the foundation of the British Museum, the British Library, and the Natural History Museum, London."<ref name=":19">{{Cite journal|date=2025-01-07|title=Hans Sloane|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Sloane|journal=Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Sloane|language=en|via=}}</ref> Much of this Hans Sloane's wealth came from his medical practice in Jamaica, where he went as physician to the Governor General of Jamaica, the 2nd Duke of Albemarle, and where he married "a wealthy heiress of sugar plantations" worked by enslaved Jamaicans.<ref name=":19" /> His great-nephew, Hans Sloane, inherited Paultons, near Romsey, "and in recognition of this he adopted the additional surname of Stanley in 1821."<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-10-06|title=Hans Sloane (MP)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Sloane_(MP)|journal=Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Sloane_(MP)|language=en}}</ref> == Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies == === Algernon Bourke === * Best man at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#Wedding of Algernon Bourke and Gwendolen Sloane Stanley|his wedding]]: the Hon. Michael Sandys * [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Marcus Henry Milner]], "one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys"<ref name=":8">"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 2a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> * Caroline, Duchess of Montrose — her "legal advisor" on the day of her marriage to Marcus Henry Milner<ref>"Metropolitan Notes." ''Nottingham Evening Post'' 31 July 1888, Tuesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 1b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18880731/025/0004.</ref> === Gwendolen Bourke === * Bridesmaids at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#Wedding of Algernon Bourke and Gwendolen Sloane Stanley|her wedding]]: Lady Florence Bourke, Miss Nora Bourke, Miss Edwards, and Miss Ewart * Lord and Lady Alington, Belvedere House, Scarborough * [[Social Victorians/People/William James|Evelyn James]] == Organizations == === Gwendolen Bourke === * Member, the Ladies Committee for the [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Prince's Skating Club|Prince's Skating Club]], which also included [[Social Victorians/People/Princess Louise|Princess Louise]] (Duchess of Argyll), the [[Social Victorians/People/Portland|Duchess of Portland]], [[Social Victorians/People/Londonderry|Lady Londonderry]], [[Social Victorians/People/Campbell|Lady Archibald Campbell]], [[Social Victorians/People/Ribblesdale|Lady Ribblesdale]], and [[Social Victorians/People/Asquith|Mrs. Asquith]]<ref name=":11">"What the 'World' Says." ''Northwich Guardian'' 01 November 1902, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 8a [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001975/19021101/134/0006. Print title: The ''Guardian'', p. 6.</ref> (in 1902, at least) === Algernon Bourke === * [[Social Victorians/Schools#Eton|Eton]] * Cambridge University, Trinity College, 1873, Michaelmas term<ref name=":7">Cambridge University Alumni, 1261–1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> * Conservative Party * 1879: Appointed a Poor Law Inspector in Ireland, Relief of Distress Act * 1881: Partner, with 2 uncles, in Brunton, Bourke, and Co.<ref>"From Our London Correspondent." ''Manchester Courier'' 24 August 1881, Wednesday: 5 [of 8], Col. 4a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000206/18810824/030/0005. Print: ''Manchester Courier and Lancaster General Advertiser'', p. 5.</ref> (one of the [[Social Victorians/British Aristocracy#Sons of Peers on the Stock Exchange|sons of peers on the Stock Exchange]]) * 1885: Office of the 7th Surrey Rifles Regiment<ref>"7th Surrey Rifles." ''South London Press'' 08 August 1885, Saturday: 12 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000213/18850808/165/0012. Print p. 12.</ref> * 1886: Battersea Friendly Angling Society<ref>"Battersea Friendly Angling Society." ''Fishing Gazette'' 17 April 1886, Saturday: 6 [of 20], Col. 2a [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002553/18860417/030/0006. Same print title, p. 218.</ref> * 27 February 1886: one of the Vice Presidents of the [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Bolingbroke Reading-Room and Institute|Bolingbroke Reading-Room and Institute]] * Special Correspondent of The ''Times'' for the Zulu War, accompanying Lord Chelmsford * Head, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, "that well-known firm of stockbrokers"<ref name=":8" /> ( – 1901 [at least]) * White's gentleman's club, St. James's,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-10-09|title=White's|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White's|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%27s.</ref> Manager (1897)<ref>"Side Lights on Drinking." ''Waterford Standard'' 28 April 1897, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 7a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001678/18970428/053/0003.</ref> * Willis's Rooms (described in 1895):<blockquote>... the Hon. Algernon Burke [sic], son of the 6th Earl of Mayo, has turned the place into a smart restaurant where choice dinners are served and eaten while a stringed band discourses music. Willis's Rooms are now the favourite dining place for ladies who have no club of their own, or for gentlemen who are debarred by rules from inviting ladies to one of their own clubs. The same gentleman runs a hotel in Brighton, and has promoted several clubs. He has a special faculty for organising places of the kind, without which such projects end in failure.<ref>"Lenten Dullness." ''Cheltenham Looker-On'' 23 March 1895, Saturday: 11 [of 24], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000226/18950323/004/0011. Print p. 275.</ref></blockquote> *The [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Pelican|Pelican Club]], known for its boxing (1891) ==== Boards of Directors ==== *1883: One of the directors, the Franco-English Tunisian Esparto Fibre Supply Company, Ltd.<ref>''Money Market Review'', 20 Jan 1883 (Vol 46): 124.</ref> *1891: One of the founders, the Discount Banking Company, Ltd., which says Algernon Bourke is a director of District Messenger Services and News Company, Ltd.<ref>"Public Company." ''Nottingham Journal'' 31 October 1891, Saturday: 4 [of 8], Col. 8a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001896/18911031/099/0004. Print title: ''The Nottingham Daily Express'', p. 4.</ref> *1894: One of the directors, the Frozen Lake, Ltd., with Admiral Maxse, Lord [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Marcus Beresford]], [[Social Victorians/People/Williams|Hwfa Williams]]<ref>"The Frozen Lake, Limited." ''St James's Gazette'' 08 June 1894, Friday: 15 [of 16], Col. 4a [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18940608/085/0015. Print p. 15.</ref><blockquote>London is to have new amusement this winter, for which Mr Algernon Bourke, who has taught us that it is possible to eat as well in St. James’s as on the Boulevards, and Mr Hwfa Williams, of Sandown fame, are jointly responsible. The "Frozen Lake," under which title a real ice-skating rink is about to be constructed under their auspices, will no doubt be gladly welcomed by all skaters, and the venture is likely to prove a success.<ref>"Society Gossip." ''Weston-super-Mare Gazette, and General Advertiser'' 6 June 1894, Wednesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 4b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001444/18940606/044/0004. Print title: ''Weston-super-Mare Gazette'', p. 4.</ref></blockquote> ==== Committees ==== *Member, General Committee, [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Baths|the Baths Club]] (1892) *Member, Men's Committee of the [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Prince's Skating Club|Prince's Skating Club]], which also included Lord Edward Cecil, Lord Redesdale, Mr. [[Social Victorians/People/Lyttelton|Alfred Lyttelton]], Sir Edgar Vincent, Sir William Hart Dyke, and Mr. [[Social Victorians/People/Grenfell|W. H. Grenfell]]<ref name=":11" /> (1902, at least) *[[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#25 March 1896, Wednesday|The Sala Memorial Fund]], member of the committee (from 25 March 1896) * Member of an "influential committee" headed by the Lord Mayor "to restore salmon to the Thames" (June 1899)<ref>"Salmon in the Thames." ''Berks and Oxon Advertiser'' 30 June 1899, Friday: 5 [of 8], Col. 4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002298/18990630/079/0005. Print n.p.</ref> == Timeline == === 1870s === '''1872 February 8''', Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo was assassinated while inspecting a "convict settlement at Port Blair in the Andaman Islands ... by Sher Ali Afridi, a former Afghan soldier."<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-12-01|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo.</ref> The Hon. Algernon's brother Dermot became the 7th Earl at 19 years old. '''1876 November 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was one of 6 men (2 students, one of whom was Bourke; 2 doctors; a tutor and another man) from Cambridge who gave evidence as witnesses in an inquest about the death from falling off a horse of a student.<ref>"The Fatal Accident to a Sheffield Student at Cambridge." ''Sheffield Independent'' 25 November 1876, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 5a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000181/18761125/040/0007. Print title: ''Sheffield and Rotherham Independent'', n. p.</ref> '''1879 December 27, Saturday – 29, Monday''', Algernon Bourke was in Kilrush as a Local Government Board Inspector:<blockquote>Among many distinguished visitors at the Vandeleur Arms Hotel, Kilrush this week was the Hon. Algernon Bourke Local Government Board Inspector who arrived on Saturday, and sojourned there until 2 o'clock on Monday, when the honourable gentleman left by Steamer tor Limerick.<ref>"Fashionable Intelligence." ''Kilrush Herald and Kilkee Gazette'' 01 January 1880, Thursday: 2 [of 5], Col. 3a [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003186/18800101/011/0002. Print title ''Kilrush Herald'', n.p.</ref></blockquote> === 1880s === '''4 February 1880, Wednesday''', Hon. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880#Grand Ball at Palmerstown House Hosted by the Earl of Mayo|grand ball at Palmerstown House hosted by the Earl of Mayo]]. '''1880 March 30, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke was working in the judicial system in Newcastle, County Limerick, possibly as Poorhouse Inspector:<blockquote>A sworn enquiry was held to-day at the Workhorse, Newcastle West, by the Hon Algernon Bourke, L.G.I., to enquire into charges preferred by Dr. Pierce, Medical Office, against Dr. O'Shaughnesay. The enquiry was adjourned till Thursday next. Mr Moran, sol., Rathkeale, was engaged for Dr. O'Shaughnessy.<ref>"Sworn Enquiry." "Limerick County. Newcastle West Intelligence." ''Bassett's Chronicle'' 31 March 1880, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 3b–c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003471/18800331/044/0003. Print title ''Bassett's Daily Chronicle'', n.p.</ref></blockquote>'''1880 April 17, Saturday''', in-jokes dominate this report mentioning Algernon Bourke in the context of the Kildare and National Hunt races in Dublin:<blockquote>And in mopy Upper Mount-street, where young Algernon Bourke, of the Onety-oneth, had promised to call for, and afterwards spin down to the races in his mail phaeton, the Blake girls; and in fastidious Fitzwilliam-place, and exclusive "Murryan-squeer," from which dashing army men, in their neatly-appointed, well horsed drags were to "tool" down sweet young Dublin lasses of the ''crême d la crême'' [sic], many an anxious forecasting of the weather was taken, lest by an unpropitious shower that last triumph of Mrs. Manning, or the Forrests, or Miss Sedford, or any of the ''grandes dames de la mode'' should be rendered as worthless as a Confederate "greenback." But by ten o'clock all doubts were happily set aside, and up struck the lovely April day in all its spring-time glory and then the road, oh, the road!<ref>"To Punchestown and Back by the Old Road." ''Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News'' 17 April 1880, Saturday: 6 [of 24], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001857/18800417/013/0006. Same print title, p. 102.</ref></blockquote>'''1881 May 10, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1881#1881 May 10, Tuesday|wedding of Marion Lascelles, eldest daughter of the Hon. Egremont W. Lascelles, brother of the Earl of Harewood, and Lieutenant Henry Dent Brocklehurst, of the Second Life Guards, nephew of Mr. Philip Brocklehurst, of Swithamley Park, Macclesfield]]. His gift was an "old enamelled watch set in pearls."<ref>"Nuptial Rejoicings at Middlethorpe Manor. Marriage of Miss Lascelles and Lieut. Brocklehurst." ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 14 May 1881, Saturday: 9 [of 12], Cols. 3a–4a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive''https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18810514/057/0009. Print same title and p.</ref> '''1881 May 23, Monday, 2:00 p.m.''', Algernon Bourke is listed among the Honourables at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1881#Queen's Levee at St. James's Palace|Queen's Levee at St. James's Palace]]. '''1881 July 14, Thursday afternoon, beginning about 2 p.m.''', Algernon Bourke was invited to a Garden Party at Marlborough House hosted by [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Alexandra, Princess of Wales|Alexandra, Princess of Wales]]. Members of the family of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]] were also among the 1,500 or so invited guests. '''1881 July 22, Friday''', Algernon Bourke was invited to an [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1881#22 July 1881, Friday|evening party at Marlborough House hosted by the Prince and Princess of Wales]]. '''1881 September 17, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was reported among the company at Doncaster during race week.<ref>"List of the Company." ''York Herald'' 17 September 1881, Saturday: 8 [of 16], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000499/18810917/183/0008. Same print title and p.</ref> '''1881 November 22, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke was sued in Dublin by Henry Naylor because he "had declined to pay" for a £35 piano.<ref>"Henry Naylor v. the Hon. Algernon Bourke." "Exchequer Division." "High Court of Justice." ''Belfast Morning News'' 23 November 1881, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 8a [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000428/18811123/015/0003. Same print title, n.p.</ref> '''1881 December 8, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke was part of a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1881#Battue at Palmerstown|battue at Palmerstown]], when the group bagged 172 pheasants, hares and rabbits. '''1882 March 7, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1882#7 March 1882, Tuesday|fashionable wedding of Reginald Chandos-Pole and Violet Denison]]. '''1882 March 15, Wednesday''', Algernon Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1882#The Marchioness of Salisbury's Assembly|the Marchioness of Salisbury's first reception of the season]]. '''1882 July 13, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke was invited to the [[Social Victorians/1882-07-13 Marlborough House Garden Party|Garden Party at Marlborough House for Queen Victoria]] hosted by [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Alexandra, Princess of Wales|Alexandra, Princess of Wales]]. The more than 1,000 people invited also included a number of people from the family of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]]. '''1882 September 28, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1882#The Wedding of John M'Donald and Georgiana Lambart|wedding of John M'Donald and Georgiana Lambart]]. '''1883 March 21, Wednesday''', the Evening Irish Times announced that Algernon Bourke "has arrived at Kingstown from England."<ref>"Court and Fashion." ''Evening Irish Times'' 21 March 1883, Wednesday: 7 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003464/18830321/086/0007. Same print title and p.</ref> '''23 July 1883, Monday, noon''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was invited to a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1883#Garden Party at Marlborough House, at Noon|garden party at Marlborough House]] hosted by the Prince and Princess of Wales. '''31 October 1883, Wednesday''', Algernon Bourke attended the wedding of [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1883#Wedding of Lady Cecelia Hay and Captain George Webbe|Lady Cecelia Hay and Captain George Webbe]].<p> '''1884 February 16, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#16 February 1884, Saturday|the funeral of Thomas Chenery, editor of the ''Times'']]. '''1884 April 4, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was (may have been?) one of the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#5 April 1884, Saturday|"Supporters of the Pall" at the funeral]] of [[Social Victorians/People/Leopold|Prince Leopold George Duncan Albert, Duke of Albany]] at St. George's, Windsor. '''1884 April 26, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#26 April 1884, Saturday|dinner party at the Lord Mayor's Mansion House for conservatives to meet Sir Stafford Northcote]]. '''1884 May 3, Saturday''', the "Rochester Conservatives" announced that they would "bring forward the Hon. Algernon Bourke, brother of Lord Mayo, as their second candidate,"<ref>"Election Intelligence." ''Yorkshire Gazette'' 03 May 1884, Saturday: 4 [of 12], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000266/18840503/011/0004.</ref> but because he would not be the first candidate, Bourke declined.<ref>"Rochester." London ''Daily Chronicle'' 09 May 1884, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005049/18840509/049/0003.</ref> '''1884 June 18, Wednesday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was on a committee to watch a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#18 June 1884, Wednesday|Mr. Bishop's "thought-reading" experiment]], which was based on a challenge by Henry Labourchere made the year before. This "experiment" took place before a fashionable audience. '''1884 July 25, Friday, afternoon''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was invited to a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884#Garden Party at Marlborough House hosted by the Prince and Princess of Wales|Garden Party at Marlborough House hosted by the Prince and Princess of Wales]]. '''1885 January 22, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke's gift to [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1885#Wedding of George Buckle and Alicia Payn|George Buckle and Alicia Payn for their wedding]] was an antique cabinet. '''1885 July 7, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1885#7 July 1885, Tuesday|Eva Bourke's wedding to Windham Wyndham-Quin]] at St. Mary Abbots, Kensington. '''1885 July 13, Monday''', Algernon Bouurke was at Victoria Station as part of the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1885#Arrival of Lord Wolseley in London from Egypt|crowd greeting Lord Wolseley on his return from Egypt]]. '''1885 July 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was invited to a [[Social Victorians/1885-07-24 Marlborough House Ball|ball at Marlborough House]] hosted by the Prince and Princess of Wales. '''1885 September 26, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke took part in the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1885#26 September 1885, Saturday|Ealing Conservative Club fete and meeting]] supporting Salisbury's government and condemning "the dictates of one man" — Gladstone — for Gordon's death. '''1885 October 3, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was named as the Conservative candidate for Clapham in the Battersea and Clapham borough after the Redistribution Bill determined the electoral districts for South London.<ref>"South London Candidates." ''South London Press'' 03 October 1885, Saturday: 9 [of 16], Col. 5b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000213/18851003/096/0009. Print p. 9.</ref> On Sunday 15 November 1885 the London ''Weekly Dispatch'' supported Moulton, the Liberal candidate, who ultimately won the election:<blockquote> Though a successful lawyer, Mr. Moulton is much more than that. He is a thorough and independent student of political science, who may be trusted to do good service to the Liberal cause with brain as well as with tongue. It will be matter for hearty congratulation if he defeats the Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke, who is a dashing and unscrupulous young Tory, and a nephew of the well-known politician with the same surname.<ref>"The Political Campaign in London. VI. — The South-West Divisions." ''Weekly Dispatch'' (London) 15 November 1885, Sunday: 9 [of 16], Col. 3c [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003358/18851115/069/0009. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote> On Saturday 21 November 1885 the ''South London Press'' reported on posters for Bourke's candidacy:<blockquote> The Hon. Algernon Bourke, Conservative candidate for Clapham, has a very industrious billsticker, who pastes up his patron’s bills in every possible place where they can be seen to advantage. It is unfortunate, however, that choosing the flank wall of an auctioneer’s the modern "Sam Slap" has produced some curious combinations, such as — "Vote for Bourke," "Now on View;" "Electors of Clapham, Vote for Mr. Bourke, and" "Be Sold Without Reserve;" "Mr, Bourke will" "Advance Money to" "the Electors of Clapham;" "Great Conservative Meeting. The British Constitution will be" "Offered for Sale this Evening," &c.<ref>"Pick-up Notes." ''South London Press'' 21 November 1885, Saturday: 10 [of 16], Col. 1b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000213/18851121/155/0010. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote> '''1885 November 3, Tuesday, 11:00 a.m.''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Mayo-Ponsonby Wedding 1885-11-03|wedding of his brother, Dermot, 7th Earl of Mayo and Geraldine Ponsonby]]. He gave them 2 Sheraton secretaires. '''1886 January 5, Tuesday, late''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#Twelfth Night|Twelfth Night celebration at the Drury Lane theatre]]. '''1886 March 13, Saturday evening''', an Hon. Mr. Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/1886-03-13 Reception at the French Embassy|reception at the French Embassy]], possibly Algernon Bourke or possibly [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|one of his brothers]]. '''1886 July 10, Saturday''', Hon. Algernon Bourke was invited to a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#Garden Party at Marlborough House Given to the Queen|garden party at Marlborough House given to the Queen]]. Gwendolen Sloane Stanley is not mentioned but Mr. and Mrs. Hans Sloane Stanley are, as are Mr. and Mrs. F. Sloane Stanley.<p> '''1886 July 21, Wednesday''', Algernon Bourke was invited to the [[Social Victorians/1886-07-21 Marlborough House Ball|Ball at Marlborough House]], as were a [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke#The Sloane-Stanleys 2|Mr. and Mrs. F. Sloane-Stanley]], possibly the parents of Gwendolen Sloane-Stanley (if the "F" is a mistake), who married Bourke on 15 December 1887. Gwendolen is not mentioned as having been invited. '''1886 July 27, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended a service honoring a memorial at St. Paul's for his father, who had been assassinated.<ref>"Memorial to the Late Earl of Mayo." ''Northern Whig'' 28 July 1886, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000434/18860728/143/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1886 September 2, Thursday''', Mr. Algernon Bourke was part of a group of mostly aristocratic men taking part in [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#Augustus Harris's A Run of Luck|a "trial-rehearsal" as part of Augustus Harris's production]] ''A Run of Luck'', about sports. '''1886 October 2, Saturday''', the Duke of Beaufort and the Hon. Algernon Bourke arrived in Yougal: "His grace has taken a residence at Lismore for a few weeks, to enjoy some salmon fishing on the Blackwater before the close of the season."<ref>"Chippenham." ''Wilts and Gloucestershire Standard'' 02 October 1886, Saturday: 8 [of 8], Col. 6a [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001955/18861002/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref> '''1886 October 11, Monday''', Algernon Bourke may have been taking part in a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#Performance of Run of Luck|performance of ''Run of Luck'' at the Drury Lane]]. '''1886 October 23, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#Party at Wemyss Castle, Fife|staying at Wemyss Castle, Fife]]. '''1886 December 30, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke was back in London and attending the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886#Augustus Harris's The Forty Thieves|"Forty Thieves" pantomime at the Drury Lane Theatre]]. '''1887 January 5, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was one of the chief mourners at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#Funeral of Lady Margaret Harriett Bourke|funeral of Lady Margaret Harriett Bourke]]. '''1887 March 1, 2:00 p.m.''', Algernon Bourke is listed among the Messieurs attending the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#Queen's Levee at St. James's Palace|Queen's Levee at St. James's Palace]].<p> '''1887 May''', a "signalling incident" in 1907 [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#May 1887|caused the Waterford ''Evening News'' to recall a similar event]] that had occurred 20 years earlier, in which Algernon Bourke, as special correspondent for the ''Times'', caused the incident to be publicized:<blockquote>During the manoeuvres in connection with the 1887 Jubilee of Queen Victoria a signal was observed going up from [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Lord Charles [Beresford]]]'s ship. It was a message to his wife, Lady Beresford, to the effect that, as he should be late for dinner, she was not to wait. Beyond the hilarity this domestic signal evoked, nothing more would have been heard of it, but Mr. Algernon Bourke (Lord Mayo's brother) was acting as special correspondent for the "Times," and that paper the next morning contained a full and humorous report of the incident. Then there was trouble.<ref>"Signalling Incident." ''Evening News'' (Waterford) 13 November 1907, Wednesday: 1 [of 4], Col. 6c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004557/19071113/021/0001.</ref></blockquote> '''1887 June 15, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians Foreign Office Reception 1887-06-15|reception at the Foreign Office in honor of Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee]]. '''1887 July 6, Wednesday''', Algernon Bourke was invited to and, presumably, attended the State Ball at Buckingham Palace.<ref>"The State Ball at Buckingham Palace." ''Morning Post'' 08 July 1887, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 5a–6c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18870708/013/0003. Same print title and p.</ref> (Col. 1c) '''1887 August 6, Saturday''', the ''Brighton Gazette'' says that the "Hon. Mrs and Mr Algernon Bourke" were staying at the Royal Crescent Hotel in Brighton, but they didn't marry until 15 December 1887.<ref>"Royal Crescent Hotel." ''Brighton Gazette'' 6 August 1887, Saturday: 3 [of 8], Col. 5c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000938/18870806/047/0003. Print title ''Brighton Gazette and Sussex Telegraph'', p. 3.</ref> Perhaps an elder relative, because she is mentioned first? '''1887 November 9, Wednesday''', the ''Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper'' announced that<blockquote>A marriage is arranged, and will take place early in January, between Mr. Algernon Bourke, third son of the late Earl of Mayo, and Miss Guendolen Sloane Stanley, only daughter of Mr. Hans Sloane Stanley, of Paultons.<ref>"Romsey, Nov. 9." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 9 November 1887, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 7a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18871109/034/0003. Print title ''Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper'', p. 3.</ref></blockquote>Shortly after, the papers announced that the wedding would not take place. '''1887 December 15, Thursday''', Hon. [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#Wedding of Algernon Bourke and Gwendolen Sloane Stanley|Algernon Bourke and Gwendolen Stanley were married at St. Paul's]], Knightsbridge, by Bourke's uncle the Hon. and Rev. George Bourke. Only family members attended because of "the recent death of a near relative of the bride."<ref>"Court Circular." ''Morning Post'' 16 December 1887, Friday: 5 [of 8], Col. 7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18871216/066/0005.</ref> Who the "near relative of the bride" was not in her nuclear family, and perhaps that explains the cancellation of the wedding and then the changing of the wedding date and not some problem in the couple. '''1888 – 1899 January 1''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was "proprietor" of [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#White's|White's Club, St. James's Street]].<ref name=":9">"The Hon. Algernon Bourke's Affairs." ''Eastern Morning News'' 19 October 1899, Thursday: 6 [of 8], Col. 7c [of7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001152/18991019/139/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1888 January 21, Saturday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the wedding of [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#Hamilton-Ewart Wedding|Florence Ewart and Henry Hamilton]]. '''1888 March 7, Wednesday''', assuming that this date is not a week after the actual date, [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Lady Charles Beresford]] held a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#1888 March 7, Wednesday|notable and well-attended "at home"]] that Gwendolen Bourke attended, reported for being dressed in white and being among the beautiful women present. '''6 April 1888, Friday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#6 April 1888, Friday|New Forest United Hunt ball at the New Forest Hall, Lyndhurst]]. '''1888 May 2, Wednesday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#The Marchioness of Salisbury's Reception|Marchioness of Salisbury's reception]] at the Salisbury home on Arlington-street. '''1888 May 22, Tuesday''', the Dowager Countess of Mayo presented Gwendolen Bourke at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#Queen's Drawing Room|Queen's drawing-room]] hosted by the Princess of Wales. This is Gwendolen Bourke's dress:<blockquote>Empire robe de cour of white satin duchesse, lined with rich pink silk, sufficiently bright to give a beautiful shell-like tint through the satin; tulle underdress, with upper skirt, embroidered with pearl, and caught up in Greek folds with large pink Tosca roses; white satin bodice, with Josephine pink sash tied at side, Headdress, veil and plumes; ornaments, diamonds.<ref>"Dresses at the Drawing-Room." ''Epsom Journal'' 22 May 1888, Tuesday: 3 [of 6], Col. 5b–c [of 6]. ''British Newspapers Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004837/18880522/034/0003. Print: title ''Local Journal'', p. 3.</ref></blockquote> Another description:<blockquote>Mrs. Algernon Bourke's train was of white satin lined with pink, which showed through with charmingly shell-like effect. The dress, fashioned after those of the Empire period, was of white satin embroidered with pearls. A very broad sash of pink satin made the waist seem quaintly short, a trying thing to any but the young and tall, both of which qualifications Mrs. Bourke most happily possesses. She carried a lovely posy of La France roses.<ref>"Gossip on Dress." ''Boston Spa News'' 25 May 1888, Friday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1b–2b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003395/18880525/014/0002. Print title The News, n.p.</ref> (Col. 1c)</blockquote>'''1888 June 8, Friday''', Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#Dinner and Dance Hosted by Lord and Lady Wimborne at Hamilton House|dinner and dance Hosted by Lord and Lady Wimborne at Hamilton House]] featuring Prince and Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, and for the ball, the King of Sweden and Norway and the Prince and Princess of Wales and their daughters were present. '''1888 June 19, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke was one of the principal guests at the wedding of [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#19 June 1888, Tuesday|Captain Philip Green and Miss Mabel Emilie Scott]]. '''1888 July 26''', [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Caroline Graham Stirling-Crawford]] (known as Mr. Manton for her horse-breeding and -racing operations) and Marcus Henry Milner married.<ref name=":12">"Hon. Caroline Agnes Horsley-Beresford." {{Cite web|url=https://thepeerage.com/p6863.htm#i68622|title=Person Page|website=thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-11-21}}</ref> According to the ''Nottingham Evening Post'' of 31 July 1888,<blockquote>LONDON GOSSIP. (From the ''World''.) The marriage of "Mr. Manton" was the surprise as well the sensation of last week. Although some wise people noticed a certain amount of youthful ardour in the attentions paid by Mr. Marcus Henry Milner to Caroline Duchess of Montrose at '''Mrs. Oppenheim's ball''', nobody was prepared for the sudden ''dénouement''; '''and it''' were not for the accidental and unseen presence [[Social Victorians/People/Mildmay|a well-known musical amateur]] who had received permission to practice on the organ, the ceremony performed at half-past nine on Thursday morning at St. Andrew's, Fulham, by the Rev. Mr. Propert, would possibly have remained a secret for some time to come. Although the evergreen Duchess attains this year the limit of age prescribed the Psalmist, the bridegroom was only born in 1864. Mr. "Harry" Milner (familiarly known in the City as "Millions") was one of the zealous assistants of that well-known firm of stockbrokers, Messrs. Bourke and Sandys, and Mr. Algernon Bourke, the head of the house (who, of course, takes a fatherly interest in the match) went down to Fulham to give away the Duchess. The ceremony was followed by a ''partie carrée'' luncheon at the Bristol, and the honeymoon began with a visit to the Jockey Club box at Sandown. Mr. Milner and the Duchess of Montrose have now gone to Newmarket. The marriage causes a curious reshuffling of the cards of affinity. Mr. Milner is now the stepfather of the [[Social Victorians/People/Montrose|Duke of Montrose]], his senior by twelve years; he is also the father-in-law of [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Lord Greville]], Mr. Murray of Polnaise, and [[Social Victorians/People/Breadalbane|Lord Breadalbane]].<ref name=":8" /></blockquote> '''1888 December 1st week''', according to "Society Gossip" from the ''World'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was suffering from malaria, presumably which he caught when he was in South Africa:<blockquote>I am sorry to hear that Mr. Algernon Bourke, who married Miss Sloane-Stanley a short time ago, has been very dangerously ill. Certain complications followed an attack of malarian fever, and last week his mother, the Dowager Lady Mayo, and his brother, Lord Mayo, were hastily summoned to Brighton. Since then a change for the better has taken place, and he is now out of danger.<ref>"Society Gossip. What the ''World'' Says." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 08 December 1888, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18881208/037/0002. Print title: ''The Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper''; print p. 2.</ref></blockquote> '''1888 December 20, Thursday''', the Sloane-Stanley family, including Gwendolen Bourke, attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888#20 December 1888, Thursday|funeral of Hans Sloane Stanley]]. Algernon Bourke did not attend because he was still too ill. '''1889 January 22, 2:30 p.m., Tuesday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke sent a gift for the [[Social Victorians/Cecil Lambton Wedding 1889 January 22|wedding of Lady Eleanor Lambton and Lord Robert]] Cecil, a pair of antique mirrors. '''1889 May 18, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#18 May 1889, Saturday|opening of the Italian Opera season at Covent Garden]]. '''1889 May 27, Monday, 11 p.m.''', the dancing commenced at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#The Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace|the Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace]], with both the Hon. Algernon and the Hon. Gwendolen Bourke present. '''1889 June 8, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke contributed some art he owned to the collection of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours' [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#8 June 1889, Saturday|exhibition of "the works of the 'English Humourists in Art.'"]] '''1889 July 2, Tuesday''', Gwendolen and Algernon Bourke sat in the Muriettas' box at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#The Shah at a Covent Garden Opera Performance|gala performance at Covent Garden also attended by the Prince and Princess of Wales, a number of other royals and the Shah]].<p> '''1889 27 July, Saturday''', Gwendolen and Algernon Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#Garden Party Hosted by Mr. and Mrs. Augustus Harris|garden party hosted by Mr. and Mrs. Augustus Harris]], which was attended by a people from the theatre and arts worlds.<p> '''1889 December 2, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourk's mother, Emilie Sloane-Stanley, married James Shelly Bontein:<blockquote><p> BONTEIN—STANLEY — December 2, at St. George's, Hanover Square, London, by the Rev. G. S. de Sansmarez, James Shelly, only son of the late James Bontein, Gentleman Usher and Clerk of the Robes to the Queen, to Emilie Josephine, widow of Hans Sloane Stanley, of Paultons.<ref name=":18" /></blockquote>'''1889 December 17, Tuesday''', Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke gave a gift to [[Dangan-Neville Wedding|Lady Violet Nevill for her wedding to Henry Wellesley, Viscount Dangan]] and so were probably in attendance. === 1890s === '''1890 January 9, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#The York Hunt Ball|fancy-dress Hunt Ball in York]]. She<blockquote>looked a picture in a Gainsborough gown. The white satin skirt was flounced with sable and veiled with ''chiffon'', the setuage of which was left to show without being hemmed up. There was a broad sash of rose-pink silk and each buttonhole was filled round with crimped lisse.<ref>"Our London Letter." ''Irish Society'' (Dublin) 11 January 1890, Saturday: 17 [of 24], Col. 2a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001939/18900111/042/0017. Same print title, p. 29.</ref></blockquote>'''1890 February''' '''12, Wednesday''', Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Lady Constance Leslie's Reception|Lady Constance Leslie's reception]] at her house in Stratford-place. '''1890 April 9, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#The New Forest United Hunt Ball|the New Forest United Hunt Ball]]. '''1890 June 3, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the 2:30 p.m. [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Münster-Hay Wedding|wedding of Count Alexander Münster and Lady Muriel Henrietta Constance Hay]]. She is also listed as having attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Dinner and Concert Hosted by Mrs. Arthur Williams and Ball by Mrs. Menzies|ball hosted by Mrs. J. Menzies (daughter of Mrs. Arthur Wilson)]] that Prince Eddie, the Duke of Clarence and Avondale, also attended, that night. '''1890 July 4, Friday, 11 p.m.''', the Hon. Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#The Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace|the Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace]]. The dancing commenced shortly after 11:00. '''1890 July 15, Tuesday''', Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke were invited to a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Garden Party at Marlborough House to Meet the Queen|garden party at Marlborough House to meet the Queen]]. '''1890 July 19, Saturday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Wedding of James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine and Violet Aline Vyner|wedding of James Francis Harry St. Clair-Erskine and Violet Aline Vyner]], the two of them giving "four small silver dessert dishes" and Gwendolen giving an "enamel and diamond pin."<ref>"Marriage of Lord Loughborough with Miss Vyner." ''Fife Free Press'' 26 July 1890, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1a–2b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001110/18900726/015/0002. Same print title and p.</ref> (Col. 2b) '''1890 July 24, Thursday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Dinner and Dance Hosted by Lord Alington|dance hosted by Lord Alington]] attended also by the Prince and Princess of Wales and Princesses Victoria and Maud. '''1890 September 6, Saturday''', the ''Country Gentleman'' (as it was called at the time) reported that "Muckross, the only deer forest in Ireland, it may be said, has this year been rented by Mr. Algernon Bourke, who will next week be joined there for the stalking season by his brother, Lord Mayo."<ref>"Shooting. Moors, Forests, and Fishings." ''Sporting Gazette'' 06 September 1890, Saturday: 11 [of 38], Col. 1c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002525/18900906/065/0011. Print: ''Country Gentleman'', p. 1251.</ref> On 11 October 1890 the ''St. James's Gazette'' says,<blockquote>The Earl of Durham has been staying at Muchross, county Kerry, on a visit to the Hon. A. Bourke, who has rented the celebrated shootings and fishings on that estate for the autumn.<ref>"Court and Society." ''St James's Gazette'' 11 October 1890, Saturday: 12 [of 16], Col. 1b [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18901011/064/0012. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote>'''1890 October 25, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke gave a gold-mounted box to [[Social Victorians/Loder De Vere Beauclerk Wedding|Lady Louise De Vere Beauclerk on her wedding to Gerald Loder, M.P.]], so they were probably present at the wedding, or at least the reception. Mrs. Bontein [sic Bontine], Gwendolen's mother, gave a silver box, suggesting the relationship was through the women. '''1890 November 29, 11:30 Saturday morning''', Algernon Bourke's gift for the [[Social Victorians/Dudley-Beckwith Wedding 1890-11-29|wedding of the Hon. Francis Dudley and Miss Forbes Beckwith]] was some cases of a Bordeaux wine: "three dozen Cantenac, 1875 vintage."<ref>"Marriage of Lord Leigh's Heir. Descriptive Sketch of the Ceremony, and Full List of Guests and Presents." ''Leamington Spa Courier'' 6 December 1890, Saturday: 6 [of 10], Cols. 1a–4a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000319/18901206/021/0006. Same print title and p.</ref>{{rp|Col. 3b}} Gwendolen Bourke is not listed as having been invited to the reception, but this list from the ''Leamington Spa Courier'' has some gaps. '''1890 December 4, Thursday''', Gwendolen and Algernon Bourke attended the [[Mure-Portal Wedding 1890-12-04|wedding of Miss Mure and Mr. S. J. Portal]]. Their gift is not recorded. '''1891 January''', Algernon Bourke took party in a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1891#Shooting Party in Kallarnet, Totton|shooting party in Kallarnet, Totton]]. '''1891 June 24, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1891#Dinner and Ball Hosted by Lord and Lady Wimborne|dinner and ball Hosted by Lord and Lady Wimborne]] featuring Princess Mary Adelaide, the Duke of Teck, and Princess Victoria. '''1891 July 9, Thursday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were invited to a [[Social Victorians/1891-07-09 Garden Party|large Garden Party at Marlborough House]] hosted by the [[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Alexandra, Princess of Wales|Alexandra, Princess of Wales]] in honor of Queen Victoria and the German Emperor and Empress. The more than 3,000 people invited also included a number of people from the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|family of the Earl of Mayo]]. '''1891 July 22, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1891#Dinner and Dance at Alington House|dance at the Earl and Countess Alington]]'s that also included the Prince and Princess of Wales. '''1891 October 22, Thursday''', Hon. and Mrs. Bourke attended at least the reception of the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1891#Le Strange Astley Wedding|Le Strange—Astley Wedding]], although perhaps the couple is not the Algernon Bourkes. '''1891 November 22, Sunday''', the London ''Weekly Dispatch'' reports a performance by American "Lady Magnet" Mrs. Abbott, who claimed to be able to lift anybody using only her magnetic properties. An enthusiastic "committee of some fifteen gentlemen presented a written and signed testimonial" supporting Mrs. Abbott, "the Hon. Algernon Bourke, Professor Atkinson, Dr. Hides, and three other doctors who prefer to remain incog., being among the signatories. All the medical gentlemen concerned assured the ''Evening News and Post'' reporter of their complete and unconditional surrender. One of them went so far as to say that he had come with the full determination of disbelieving, but had been quite able to act up to his resolve."<ref>"The Lady Magnet. Draws Crowds of People Who Divide in Opinion about Her." ''Weekly Dispatch'' (London) 22 November 1891, Sunday: 16 [of 16], Cols. 3a–4b [of 4]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003358/18911122/203/0016. Print: same title and p.</ref> '''1892''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke privately published his ''The History of White's'', the exclusive gentleman's club. '''1892 January 27, Saturday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended the very fashionable [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1892#The Wedding of Lord Henry Cavendish Bentinck, M.P., and Lady Olivia Taylour|wedding of Lord Henry Cavendish Bentinck, M.P., and Lady Olivia Taylour]]. Their gift was not noted in the list. '''1892 February''' '''10, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/1892-02-10 Alington Leigh Wedding|very fashionable wedding of Henry, Lord Alington and Evelyn Henriette Leigh]] [[Social Victorians/1892-02-10 Alington Leigh Wedding|in St. Paul's, Knightsbridge]] '''1892 April''' '''10, Wednesday, about 2:30 p.m.''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/1892-02-10 Alington Leigh Wedding|the very fashionable wedding between Henry Sturt, Lord Alington and Evelyn Leigh]]. Her gift was a "tortoiseshell and gold heart-shaped tray."<ref name=":02">"Lord Alington to Miss Leigh." ''Gentlewoman'' 20 February 1892, Saturday: 21 [of 46], Cols. 1a–3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18920220/092/0021. Same print title, p. 237.</ref> (Col. 3a) '''1892 June 25, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman''<nowiki/>'s "Overheard by the Little Bird" says "That pretty Mrs. Algernon Bourke has been staying here, but returned to England in time for Ascot."<ref>Little Bird, The. "Overheard by the Little Bird." ''Gentlewoman'' 25 June 1892, Saturday: 32 [of 60], Col. 3b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18920625/157/0032. Same print title, p. 860.</ref> '''1892 December 13, Tuesday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' says Gwendolen Bourke is lovely in its coverage of [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1892#Wedding of Miss Eleanor M. Ewart and Captain Guy Withington|Eleanor M. Ewart and Captain Guy Withington's wedding]]. '''1892 December 22, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1892#22 December 1892, Thursday|monthly meeting of the Zoological Society in Hanover-square]].<p> '''1893 February 11, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke opened Willis's Restaurant:<blockquote>Mr. Algernon Bourke has in his time done many things, and has generally done them well. His recently published history of White's Club is now a standard work. White's Club itself was a few years ago in its agony when Mr. Bourke stepped in and gave it a renewed lease of life. Under Mr. Bourke's auspices "Willis's Restaurant" opened its doors to the public on Tuesday last in a portion of the premises formerly so well known as Willis's Rooms. This new venture is to rival the Amphitryon in the matter of cuisine and wines; but it is not, like the Amphitryon, a club, but open to the public generally. Besides the restaurant proper, there are several ''cabinets particuliers'', and these are decorated with the very best of taste, and contain some fine portraits of the Georges.<ref>"Marmaduke." "Letter from the Linkman." ''Truth'' 20 April 1893, Thursday: 25 [of 56], Col. 1a [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002961/18930420/075/0025]. Print p. 855.</ref></blockquote> '''1893 February 7, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#1893 February 7, Tuesday|the reception after Lady Emily Cadogan's wedding]]. '''1893 February 20, Monday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke is listed as having attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#Queen's Levee at St. James's Palace|Queen's Levee at St. James's Palace]] held by the Prince of Wales; because wives generally are not listed, it seems likely Gwendolen Bourke attended as well. '''1893 February 28, Tuesday, 3:00 p.m.''', Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Queens Drawing Room 1893-02-28|Queen's Drawing Room at Buckingham Palace]].<p> '''1893 March 22, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#22 March 1893, Wednesday|Lady Wimborne's reception]]. '''1893 April 1, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke published a letter to the editor of the ''Times'', reprinted in the ''Kildare Observer'', arguing against Gladstone's Home Rule bill on the grounds that Ireland would not be able to take out a loan on its own behalf because of its obligations to the U.K., including what was called its share of the national debt.<ref>"Irish Unionist Alliance." ''Kildare Observer and Eastern Counties Advertiser'' 01 April 1893, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 4c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001870/18930401/062/0006. Print: The ''Kildare Observer'', n.p.</ref> '''1893 May 13, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was seen at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#13 May 1893, Saturday|exhibitions of art and furniture for sale by Christie's and on display by Lord Clifden]]. '''1893 July 13, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#The Countess of Listowel's Garden Party|Countess of Listowel's Garden Party]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#The Countess of Listowel's Garden Party|at her residence, Kingston House, Princes-gate]], accompanied by Miss Adeane. '''1893 July 14, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Sandown Races 1893-07-14|the races at Sandown]] wearing a dark-blue-and-white outfit and black hat that got described in the newspaper. '''1893 August 1, Tuesday – August 4, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke, at least, was at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#1 August 1893, Tuesday – 4 August 1893, Friday|the Goodwood races]], mentioned in the ''Gentlewoman'' for her beauty, although none of the dresses were noted. '''1893 November 4–11, Wednesday–Saturday''', Gwendolen Bourke was at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1893#Ralph and Mary Sneyd Hosted a Shooting Party|shooting party at Keele Hall hosted by Ralph and Mary Sneyd]]. '''1893 November 30, Thursday''', with Sir Walter Gilbey the Hon. Algernon Bourke "assisted" in "forming [a] collection" of engravings by George Morland that was exhibited at Messrs. J. and W. Vokins’s, Great Portland-street.<ref>"The George Morland Exhibition at Vokins's." ''Sporting Life'' 30 November 1893, Thursday: 4 [of 4], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000893/18931130/058/0004.</ref> '''1893 December 14, Thursday, afternoon''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/1893-12-14 Wedding Adele Grant and George, 7th Earl of Essex|wedding of American Adele Grant and George, 7th Earl of Essex]] and gave a "pearl and gold box."<ref name=":22">"Wedding of the Earl of Essex." ''Herts Advertiser'' 16 December 1893, Saturday; 8 [of 8], Col. 1a–4b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000415/18931216/125/0008. Print title: ''The Herts Advertiser and St Albans Times'', p. 8.</ref>{{rp|Col. 3c}} Mr. and Mrs. Shelley Bontein also attended, and Mrs. Bontein gave a "green leather bag and purse, with coronet and monogram in gold."<ref name=":22" />{{rp|3b}} '''1894 January 27, Saturday''', Psyche in "The Social Peepshow" in the ''Gentlewoman'' reported on a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#27 January 1894, Saturday|ball hosted by Lord and Lady Dunraven at Adare Manor]] that Gwendolen Bourke attended. '''1894 January 31, Wednesday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke, who was dressed more stylishly than most, attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#Also 31 January 1894, Wednesday|Kildare Hunt Ball]] hosted by Dermot, [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]] and Geraldine, Countess of Mayo. '''1894 February 24, Saturday''', ''The Field'' reported on a series of tennis matches; Algernon Bourke attended the one played at the Prince's Club.<ref>"Tennis." ''Field'' 24 February 1894, Saturday: 39 [of 72], Col. 1c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002446/18940224/349/0039. Print title ''The Field, The Country Gentleman's Newspaper'', p. 249.</ref> '''1894 March 31, Saturday''', Psyche, in the "Social Peepshow" column in the ''Gentlewoman'', says that "Mr. Algernon Bourke has still further embellished Willis's restaurant hard by [the St. James's Theatre], by the addition of some valuable old tapestry that lately came to the hammer at Christie's."<ref>Psyche. "The Social Peepshow." ''Gentlewoman'' 31 March 1894, Saturday: 16 [of 56], Col. 2b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18940331/081/0016. Same print title, p. 408.</ref> '''1894 April 13, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke set sail on the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#P. and O. Line S.S. Rome for Gibraltar|P. and O. Line ''S.S. Rome'' for Gibraltar]] along with her stepfather, Mr. Shelley Bontein, and her brother, Mr. Sloane Stanley. '''31 May 1894, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#Reception at Devonshire House|Duchess of Devonshire's reception at Devonshire House]].<p> '''1894 June 18, Monday''', the London ''Echo'' reported that Algernon Bourke was [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Brooks'|writing a history of Brooks' Club]].<p> '''1894 June 20, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne Opened the Annual Sale of the Scottish Home Industries|Annual Sale of the Scottish Home Industries]]; her outfit was described in the article in ''Lady's Pictorial''. '''1894 August 2, Thursday''', the column "Overheard by the Little Bird" says, "At Willis' [restaurant] — 'What a smart cotillon Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bourke gave on Thursday evening."<ref>Bird, The Little. "Overheard by the Little Bird." ''Gentlewoman'' 04 August 1894, Saturday: 30 [of 56], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18940804/148/0030. Print title same, p. 144.</ref> Willis's Restaurant, King-street, St. James's, was a restaurant Algernon Bourke opened in 1893.<p> '''1894 September 7, Saturday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#7 September 1894, Saturday|shooting party at Witley]], which had been loaned to one of his brothers by William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley.<p> '''1894 October 22, Thursday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#Wedding of Lord Connemara and Mrs. Coleman|luncheon after the wedding of Lord Connemara and Mrs. Coleman]]. '''1894 November 3, Saturday''', Psyche, in "The Social Peepshow" for the Gentlewoman, reported that Gwendolen Bourke had been [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1894#3 November 1894, Saturday|seen shopping in London]]. '''1895 January 5, Saturday, 2:00 p.m.''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke gave an old mother-of-pearl workbox to [[Wolverton-Ward Wedding 1895-01-05|Lady Edith Ward for her wedding to Frederick Glyn, Lord Wolverton]] and presumably attended the wedding and reception afterwards.<p> '''1895 February 23, Saturday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#23 February 1895, Saturday|fashionable wedding of Laurence Currie and Edith Sibyl Mary Finch]]. Gwendolen Bourke is not listed as having attended, but she is not noted as absent, either. Daphne Bourke was born on 5 April 1895, probably explaining Gwendolen's absence. '''1895 March 24, Sunday – 30 March, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#24, Sunday – 30 March 1895, Saturday|enjoying the sunny weather in Brighton]]. '''1895 April 27, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#1895 April 27, Saturday|wedding of Norah Bourke and Henry E. A. Lindsay]]. Again, Gwendolen Bourke is not listed as having attended. Daphne Bourke was born on 5 April 1895, and Psyche, writing the "Social Peepshow" column in the Gentlewoman, says,<blockquote> I regret to hear of the serious illness of Mrs. Algernon Bourke, whose first child was born a fortnight ago. It is feared that the attack is of the nature of typhoid, but happily the patient's strength keeps up. Mrs. Bourke is at her mother's house in Clarges-street.<ref>Psyche. "The Social Peepshow." ''Gentlewoman'' 27 April 1895, Saturday: 28 [of 84], Col. 2c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18950427/147/0028. Same print title, p. 506.</ref></blockquote> '''1895 July 13, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke donated 10s. to the ''Daily Telegraph'' National Shilling Testimonial to W. G. Grace.<ref>"''Daily Telegraph'' National Shilling Testimonial to W. G. Grace." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 13 July 1895, Saturday: 7 [of 12], Col. 7a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18950713/079/0007. Print: ''Daily Telegraph'', p. 7.</ref> '''1895 August 24, Saturday''', "Marmaduke" in the ''Graphic'' says that Algernon Bourke "opened a cyclists' club in Chelsea."<ref>"Marmaduke." "Court and Club." The ''Graphic'' 24 August 1895, Saturday: 11 [of 32], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/9000057/18950824/017/0011. Print p. 223.</ref> '''1895 October''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#24 October 1902, Friday|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the]] season.if the newspapers were right that 1902 was the 7th season. He also was planning a bicycling club for Kensington Gardens to open the following season.<ref>Mackenzie, Ethel Morell (Miss). "Pins and Needles." ''Hull Daily News'' 12 October 1895, Saturday: 24 [of 40], Col. 1a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003443/18951012/024/0024. Print title: ''Hull News Supplement'', p. 1[6? 8?].</ref> '''1895 October 7, Monday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#Adeane-Cator Wedding|Maud Adeane–John Cator wedding]]. '''1895 December 11, Wednesday''', Gwendolen and Algernon Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#Sneyd Party to Meet the Duke of Coburg|shooting party at the Sneyds' to meet the Duke of Coburg]]. '''1895 December 18, Wednesday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1895#Wedding of Lady Albreda Fitzwilliam and the Hon. Charles Bourke|wedding of Lady Albreda Fitzwilliam and the Hon. Charles Bourke]]. Their gift is not noted in the newspaper account. '''1896 March 17, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#17 March 1896, Tuesday|annual dinner of the Cymmrodorion, or the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion]], a society for Welsh culture and history. '''1896 April 21, Monday''', Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke sent a gift — a "box for miniature" — for [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Monday, 1896 April 27|the wedding of Lady Angela St. Clair Erskine and James Stewart Forbes]]. '''1896 May 21, Thursday''', the Hon. and Mrs. Algernon Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Mrs. C. H. Wilson's Ball|Mrs. C. H. Wilson's ball in Grosvenor-square, London]]. '''1896 May 26, Tuesday, through 28 May, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Coming of Age of Mr Sloane Stanley|3-day celebration in honor of the coming of age of her brother, Cyril Sloane Stanley]]. '''1896 June 15, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Dinner and Dance Hosted by the Countess of Huntingdon|dance hosted by the Earl and Countess of Huntingdon]] after their dinner party. '''1896 July 13, Monday''', Algernon Bourke (listed among the "Honourables") and Mrs. A. Bourke (Listed among the "Honourable Ladies") were invited to the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Queen's Garden Party at Buckingham Palace|Queen's Garden Party at Buckingham Palace]]. '''1896 June 29, Monday''', the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Cadogan-Scott Wedding 1896-06-29|wedding and reception of Lady Sophie Cadogan and Sir Samuel Scott]]. Algernon Bourke published a letter to the editor of the ''Daily Telegraph'' about White's Club — and thus Bourke's — "[[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Summer Club|Summer Club]]" in Kensington Park, the subject of a little controversy. '''1896 July 21, Tuesday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Dinner Hosted by Sir Horace and Lady Farquhar|dinner hosted by Sir Horace and Lady Farquhar in Grosvenor-square]]. '''1896 August 5, Wednesday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#5 August 1896|wedding of the Hon. Terence Bourke and Miss Eveline Haines]] and gave the bride an "enamel muff chain."<p> '''1896 August 10, Monday''', the Morning Leader reported that the Hon. Algernon Bourke, for the Foreign Office, received Li Hung Chang at St. Paul's:<blockquote>At St. Paul's Li Hung was received by Field-Marshal Simmons, Colonel Lane, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, of the Foreign Office (who made the necessary arrangements for the visit) and Canon Newbolt, on behalf of the Dean and Chapter. A crowd greeted Li with a cheer as he drove up in Lord Lonsdale’s striking equipage, and his Excellency was carried up the steps in an invalid chair by two stalwart constables. He walked through the centre door with his suite, and was immediately conducted by Canon Newbolt to General Gordon’s tomb in the north aisle, where a detachment of boys from the Gordon Home received him as a guard of honor. Li inspected the monument with marked interest, and drew the attention of his suite to the remarkable likeness to the dead hero. He laid a handsome wreath of royal purple asters, lilies, maidenhair fern, and laurel, tied with a broad band of purple silk, on the tomb. The visit was not one of inspection of the building, but on passing the middle aisle the interpreter called the attention of His Excellency to the exquisite architecture and decoration of the chancel. Li shook hands in hearty English fashion with Canon Newbolt and the other gentlemen who had received him, and, assisted by his two sons, walked down the steps to his carriage. He returned with his suite to Carlton House-terrace by way of St. Paul’s Churchyard, Cannon-st., Queen Victoria-st., and the Embankment.<ref>"At St. Paul's." ''Morning Leader'' 10 August 1896, Monday: 7 [of 12], Col. 2b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18960810/134/0007. Print p. 7.</ref></blockquote> '''1896 August 19, Wednesday''', the ''Edinburgh Evening News'' reported on the catering that White's Club and Mr Algernon Bourke arranged for the visiting Li Hung Chang:<blockquote>It is probably not generally known (says the "Chef") that Mr Algernon Bourke, manager of White's Club, London, has undertaken to the whole of the catering for our illustrious visitor front the Flowery Land. Li Hung Chang has five native cooks in his retinue, and the greatest good fellowship exists between them and their English ''confreres'', although considerable difficulty is experienced in conversation in understanding one another's meaning. There are between 40 and and 50 to cater for daily, besides a staff about 30; that Mr Lemaire finds his time fully occupied. The dishes for his Excellency are varied and miscellaneous, and from 14 to 20 courses are served at each meal. The bills of fare contain such items as bird's-nest soup, pigs' kidneys stewed in cream, boiled ducks and green ginger, sharks' fins, shrimps and prawns stewed with leeks and muscatel grapes, fat pork saute with peas and kidney beans. The meal usually winds with fruit and sponge cake, and freshly-picked green tea as liqueur.<ref>"Li Hung Chang's Diet." ''Edinburgh Evening News'' 19 August 1896, Wednesday: 3 [of 4], Col. 8b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000452/18960819/057/0003.</ref></blockquote> '''1896 November 6, Friday''', both Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were on the committee for the [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Prince's Skating Club|Prince's Club ice-skating rink]], which [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Opening of the Prince's Club Skating Rink|opened on this day]]. '''1896 November 22, week of''', Mrs. Algernon Bourke was part of a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Shooting Party at the Charles Wilsons' Warter Priory, Yorkshire|shooting party at the Charles Wilsons' Warter Priory, Yorkshire]].<p> '''1896 November 25, Wednesday''', Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bouke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#Lord and Lady Burton Hosted a Party for Derby Day|Lord and Lady Burton's party for Derby Day]].<p> '''1896 December 4, Friday''', the Orleans Club at Brighton was robbed:<blockquote>The old building of the Orleans Club at Brighton, which opens its new club house at 33, Brunswick-terrace to-day, was the scene of a very ingenious burglary during the small hours of yesterday morning. The greater portion of the club property had already been removed to the new premises, but Mr Algernon Bourke, his private secretary, and some of the officials of the club, still occupied bed-rooms at the house in the King’s-road. The corner shop of the street front is occupied by Mr. Marx, a jeweller in a large way of business, and upon his manager arriving at nine o'clock he discovered that the place had been entered through hole in the ceiling, and a great part of a very valuable stock of jewelry extracted. An examination of the morning rooms of the club, which runs over Mr. Marx's establishment reveal a singularly neat specimen of the burglar's art. A piece of the flooring about 15in square had been removed by a series of holes bored side by side with a centre-bit, at a spot where access to the lofty shop was rendered easy by a tall showcase which stood convemently near. A massive iron girder had been avoided by a quarter of an inch, and this circumstance and the general finish of the operation point to an artist in his profession, who had acquired an intimate knowledge of the premises. The club doors were all found locked yesterday morning, and the means of egress adopted by the thief are at present a mystery.<ref>"Burglary at Brighton." ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London) 05 December 1896, Saturday: 5 [of 12], Col. 7a [of 7]. British Newspaper Archive https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/18961205/090/0005. Print title: ''Daily Telegraph''; p. 5.</ref></blockquote> '''1896 December 10, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke was present to help staff a stall at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1896#10 December 1896, Thursday|Irish Industries Exhibition and Sale, Brighton]]. '''1896 December 31, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke hosted a New Year's Eve dance:<blockquote>Mrs. Algernon Bourke gave a highly satisfactory and enjoyable dance on Thursday night, when the old year was danced out and the new one danced in. Most of the silver gilters at present in to len were to the fore.<ref>"The Man about Town." ''Sporting Gazette'' 02 January 1897, Saturday: 7 [of 34], Col. 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002525/18970102/041/0007. Print title ''The County Gentleman'', p. 7.</ref></blockquote> '''1897 January 9, Saturday''', Psyche in "The Social Peepshow" says that Algernon Bourke's "cheerful countenance was quite in keeping with the [Christmas] season," seen in London.<ref>Psyche. "The Social Peepshow." ''Gentlewoman'' 9 January 1897, Saturday: 22 [of 56], Col. 2a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970109/097/0022. Same print title, p. 40.</ref> '''1897 January 13, Wednesday – 18, Monday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were guests of the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#The Warwickshire Hunt Club Ball|house party associated with the Warwickshire Hunt Ball]] at [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Warwick Castle]]. '''1897 January 30, Saturday''', Gwendolen Bourke was reported to have been out shopping in London: "Another charming figure was that of Mrs. Algernon Bourke all in chinchilla, with something of pale blue in a smart toque."<ref>Psyche. "The Social Peepshow." ''Gentlewoman'' 30 January 1897, Saturday: 20 [of 59]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970130/107/0020. Same print title, p. 134.</ref> '''1897 May 31, Monday''', Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke were present at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#House Party at Warwick Castle|House Party at Warwick Castle]] hosted by the Earl and Countess of Warwick. '''1897 June 2, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#Reception at the Foreign Office|reception at the Foreign Office]]. '''1897 June 12, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' reported on Gwendolen Bourke's dress and hat at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#The Duchess of Albany's Bazaar at the Imperial Institute|Duchess of Albany's Bazaar at the Imperial Institute]]. '''1897 June 19, Saturday''', Psyche in "The Social Peepshow" column in the ''Gentlewoman'' writes that Gwendolen Bourke was seen driving in London, "in blue, ... looking as usual very handsome."<ref>Psyche. "The Social Peepshow." ''Gentlewoman'' 19 June 1897, Saturday: 28 [of 108], Col. 2b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970619/159/0028. Same print title, p. 848.</ref> '''1897 June 28, Monday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were invited to the [[Social Victorians/Diamond Jubilee Garden Party|Garden Party at Buckingham Palace]], the final official event of the London Diamond Jubilee celebrations. Members of the family of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]] were also among the 5,000–6,000 people invited. '''1897 July 2, Friday''', the Hon. A. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House. '''1897 July 8, Thursday, 11:00 p.m.''', Hon. Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were present at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace|the Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace]]. The dancing commenced shortly after 11:00 p.m. '''1897 July 11–16, week of''', a dog of Gwendolen Bourke's won a prize at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#The Ladies' Kennel Association show in the Royal Botanic Gardens in Regent's Park|Ladies' Kennel Association show in the Royal Botanic Gardens in Regent's Park]]. '''1897 July 23, Friday''', both the Hon. Algernon Bourke and Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#Bourke-Curzon Cricket Match at the Queen's Club|Bourke-Curzon cricket match at the Queen's Club]], which Algernon Bourke's team lost. '''1897 July 23 — or July 30, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#Lady Burton's party at Chesterfield House|Lady Burton's party at Chesterfield House]]. <blockquote>Far the prettiest women in the room were Lady Henry Bentinck (who looked perfectly lovely in pale yellow, with a Iong blue sash; and Mrs. Algernon Bourke, who was as smart as possible in pink, with pink and white ruchings on her sleeves and a tall pink feather in her hair.<ref>"Lady Burton's Party at Chesterfield House." ''Belper & Alfreton Chronicle'' 30 July 1897, Friday: 7 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004151/18970730/162/0007. Print title: ''Belper and Alfreton Chronicle''; n.p.</ref></blockquote> '''1897 August 2, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#Warwick House Party for the Easton Lodge Cricket Week Games|Earl and Countess of Warwick's house party for Easton Lodge cricket week]]. '''1897 August 2, Monday''', Mrs. Algernon Bourke was listed as among [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#The Most Beautiful Women in England|the most beautiful women in England]] in an article from ''Vanity Fair'' that was reprinted elsewhere. '''1897 September 25, Saturday''', according to the ''Pall Mall Gazette'',<blockquote>The [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Dowager-Countess of Mayo]] is staying with her son, the Hon. Algernon Bourke, at Bramnber, near Brighton.<ref>"Pall Mall Gazette Office." ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 25 September 1897, Saturday: 8 [of 10], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18970925/023/0008. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote>'''1897 October 2, Saturday''', "Yenatrix" in "Kennel Column" in the ''Gentlewoman'' reported that Gwendolen Bourke had joined the Ladies' Kennel Association.<ref>Yenatrix. "Kennel Column." ''Gentlewoman'' 02 October 1897, Saturday: 39 [of 61], Col. 2a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18971002/182/0039. Same print title, p. 434.</ref> '''1897 October 9, Saturday''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke were at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#Harrogate|Harrogate, presumably taking the waters and baths]]. Lady May was on her way to visit Algernon Bourke in Brighton:<blockquote>The Earl of Mayo is expected to return from Sweden on Saturday next. Lady Mayo leaves Bournemouth on Sarurday for Brighton, where she will pay a two days' visit to her brother-in-law, the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon Bourke]]. The Earl and Countess will then return to Palmerstown, their seat in County Kildare.<ref>"Pall Mall Gazette Office." ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 7 October 1897, Thursday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18971007/022/0008. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote><p> '''1897 October 30, Saturday''', ''Black and White'' published '''J.P.B.'''<nowiki/>'s "The Case of Mrs. Elliott,"<ref name=":13">J.P.B. "The Case of Mrs. Elliott." ''Black & White'' 30 October 1897, Saturday: 12 [of 34], Cols. 1a–2b [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004617/18971030/036/0012. Print title ''Black and White'', p. 542.</ref> an odd short short story in which the Honourable Algernon Bourke Herriott is "rude to Mrs. Elliott,"<ref name=":13" />{{rp|Col. 2b}} presumably having proposed sexual relations while her husband is out. J.P.B. links to the biographical Algernon Bourke's career in the stock market in the description of Mrs. Christine Elliott not even simulating interest in her husband's bicycling: "a soul is a grievous burthen for a stockbroker's wife,"<ref name=":13" />{{rp|Col. 2a}} suggesting that Mr. Elliott rather than Algernon Bourke Herriott is the stockbroker. The Hon. Algy<blockquote>was a senior member of several junior clubs. A woman had dubbed him once "a rip with a taste for verses." The description was severe, but not unwarranted. His was a pretty pagan sensualism, though, singing from a wine palate to Church music. For the rest, he had just imagination enough to despise mediocrity.<ref name=":13" />{{rp|Col. 2a}}</blockquote> '''1897 November 25–26, Thursday–Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke was in Brighton, helping the Countess of Mayo at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#The Irish Industries' Association Annual Exhibition|bazaar of the Irish Industries' Association]]. '''1897 December 7, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#7 December 1897, Tuesday|7th annual dinner for the Actors' Benevolent Fund]]. '''1897 December 30''', Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1897#Blenheim Palace Party with Amateur Theatricals|party at Blenheim Palace in which people performed tableaux vivants]] that got reported on, many of whom wearing the costumes from the Duchess of Devonshire's ball. The ''Irish Independent'' said Algernon Bourke was "mainly responsible for the living pictures."<ref>"Mr Algernon Bourke ...." ''Irish Independent'' 05 January 1898, Wednesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 2c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001985/18980105/115/0006.</ref> '''1898''', Algernon Bourke called a meeting at White's Club about attempting to [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#The Thames Salmon Experiment|restock the Thames with salmon]]. In 1899 he was on a [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke#Committees|committee led by the Lord Mayor about this topic]] as well. '''1898 February 3, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke was among [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#The Dundee Evening Telegraph Report on People at Monte Carlo|those visiting Monte Carlo according to the Dundee ''Evening Telegraph'']]. '''1898 March 12, Saturday''', ''The World'' reported on Algernon Bourke's upgrading of the Orleans Club at Brighton:<blockquote> The Orleans Club at Brighton is flourishing exceedingly, and the new buildings which Mr. Algernon Bourke has just had erected at the back of the comfortable mansion at the corner of Lansdowne-place now provide all that was wanting to make the present habitat of the club all that its members desire. The new billiard-room is rapidly approaching completion, and the coffee-room, excellent and spacious now, was open on Saturday night, when every table was occupied by club diners and their guests, all of whom were enthusiastic over the excellence of this latest addition to the comfort of the house. All interested may be congratulated on what is practically new lease of life to the Orleans Club, than which there is no more comfortable place stay within the four seas.<ref>"From '''The World''.'" ''East & South Devon Advertiser'' 12 March 1898, Saturday: 6 pop 8], Col. 2b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001639/18980312/132/0006. Print title ''The East and South Devon Advertiser'', n.p.</ref></blockquote> '''1898 March 30, Wednesday''', Algernon Bourke was charged with assaulting a Mr. Potter, but it is not clear from this account what exactly happened:<blockquote>The Hon. Algernon H. Bourke, of Bramber, was summoned, at the instance of Mr. Walter John Potter, clerk to Mr. G. A. Flowers, solicitor, of Steyning, for assault, on the 30th March. — Mr. J. Edward Dell supported the case, and Mr. J. C. Buckwell defended, and pleaded not guilty. — The evidence was to the effect that Mr. Potter had occasion go to defendant's house on Wednesday last to serve a writ. He was going to drop the letter into [Col. 5c–6a] defendant's pocket when he turned and struck him a violent blow on the chest, making witness stagger backwards. Witness put up his hands to keep his balance, and defendant then struck him violently across the head with a weeding spud. — Richard Reed, who was at work for Mr. Bourke on the date named, and was working in garden at the time of the alleged assault, gave corroborative evidence. — Defendant, in the witness box, made a similar statement. — The magistrates differed as to whether the assault was committed, and dismissed the case.<ref>"Steyning." ''Sussex Express'' 9 April 1898, Saturday: 2 [of 12], Col. 5c–6a. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000654/18980409/036/0002. Print: ''The Sussex Express, Surrey Standard, Weald of the Kent Mail, Hants and County Advertiser'', p. 2.</ref></blockquote>'''1898 April 12, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke was among [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#1898 April 12, Tuesday|those visiting Monte Carlo according to the ''Gentlewoman'']]. '''1898 May 25, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke wore pink to [[Social Victorians/1898-05-25 Savoy Dinner Dance Hwfa|Mrs. Hwfa Williams' dinner-dance at the Savoy]]. '''1898 June 7, Tuesday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. A. Bourke were invited to and probably attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#7 June 1898, Tuesday|State Ball at Buckingham Palace hosted by the Prince and Princess of Wales]]. '''1898 July 4, Thursday afternoon''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke were invited to and probably attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#Garden Party at Marlborough House|Garden Party at Marlborough House given to the Queen and Shah of Persia]]. '''1898 October 29, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#Tennis Championship Game at Prince's Club, Knightsbridge|tennis match at Prince's Club, Knightsbridge]]. '''1898 November 22, Tuesday''', Algernon Bourke was present at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#Shooting Party Hosted by William James|shooting party hosted by Mr. William James]]. '''1898 December 3, Saturday''', Hon. Algernon and Mrs. A. Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1898#The Funeral of Lady Connemara|funeral of Lady Connemara in Christ Church]], Down street, Piccadilly.<p> '''1899 January 10, Tuesday''', the Brighton Championship Dog Show opened:<blockquote>Princess of Wales a Winner at the Ladies’ Kennel Club Show. [Exclusive to "The Leader.") The Brighton Championship Dog Show opened in the Dome and Corn Exchange yesterday, and was very well patronised by visitors and exhibitors. Among the latter was H.R.H. the Princess of Wales, who did very well; and others included Princess Sophie Duleep Singh, Countess De Grey, Sir Edgar Boehm, the Hon Mrs. Algernon Bourke, Lady Cathcart, Lady Reid, Mr. Shirley (chairman of the Kennel Club), and the Rev. Hans Hamiiton (president of the Kennel Club). The entry of bloodhounds is one of the best seen for some time; the Great Danes are another strong lot; deerhounds are a fine entry, all good dogs, and most of the best kennels represented; borzois are another very stylish lot. The bigger dogs are, as usual, in the Corn Exchange and the "toy" dogs in the Dome. To everyone's satsfaction the Princess of Wales carried off two first prizes with Alex in the borzois class.<ref>"Dogs at Brighton." ''Morning Leader'' 11 January 1899, Wednesday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18990111/142/0008. Print p. 8.</ref></blockquote> '''1899 January 11, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#11 January 1899, Wednesday|a luncheon at Stanfield-hall, home of Mr. and Mrs. Basil Montogomery, for Princess Henry of Battenberg]], that also included the Countess of Dudley (sister of Mrs. Montgomery), General Oliphant, and the Mayor and Mayoress of Romsey. '''1899 January 17–18, Tuesday and Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Ladies' Kennel Association in Brighton|Ladies' Kennel Association in Brighton]], where she showed an Italian greyhound named Brenda. '''1899 February 7, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke was a member of the very high-ranking committee organizing the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Gordon Memorial College Ball|Gordon Memorial College Ball at the Hotel Cecil on 7 February 1899]]. The committee had been planning for the ball, of course, for at least 3 weeks before. '''1899 February 22, Wednesday – April''', Gwendolen Bourke was part of [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Society in St. Moritz|Society in St. Moritz]]. 1899 March 29, Wednesday, the ''Dundee Advertiser'' says that [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#29 March 1899, Wednesday|Cyril Sloane-Stanley was spending part of the winter in St. Moritz]] with his sister Gwendolen Bourke. '''1899 April 7, Friday, probably''', oddly, Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke are not reported to have attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Funeral of the Hon. Charles Bourke, C.B.|Funeral of the Hon. Charles Bourke, C.B.]] or even to have sent flowers. '''1899 April 8, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' reported that Gwendolen Bourke had gone to [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#8 April 1899, Saturday|St. Moritz with her brother, Mr. Stanley, who had gotten engaged to Lady Cairns]]. '''1899 April 26, Wednesday''', according to "Local and District News" for Totton, Gwendolen Bourke was "ill with influenza in Paris, and Mrs. Shelley Bontein, her mother, has gone out to nurse her."<ref>"Local and District News. Totton." ''Hampshire Advertiser'' 26 April 1899, Wednesday: 4 [of 4], Col. 2b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000495/18990426/037/0004. Print title ''Hampshire Advertiser County Newspaper'', p. 4.</ref> '''1899 June 1, Thursday, or 2, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Wedding of Roger Cyril Sloane Stanley and Olivia, Countess Cairns|wedding of her brother, Sloane Stanley and Olivia Countess Cairns]] at Holy Trinity Church, Brompton. '''1899 June 8, Thursday''', Algernon Bourke's money troubles:<blockquote>The Hon. Algernon Bourke, son of the Earl of Mayo, has been appearing before the official receivers in connection with a winding-up order made against Willis’ Restaurant, Limited. The companyf [sic] was formed to acquire the well known restaurant from the Hon. H. A. Bourke. The chairman reminded the creditors that on the last occasion the meeting was adjourned because Mr. Bourke said he thought he would be able in the course of a fortnight to obtain an offer for a sum sufficient to satisfy the creditors and debenture holders. He had received a letter from Mr. Bourke to the effect that he had been unable to complete arrangements. Having looked into the affairs of the company more closely, it appeared to him that Mr. Bourke was legally liable to repay the sum of £5,000 which was advanced to White's Club, and the question would arise whether Mr. Bourke was not also liable to repay the sum of £4,000.<ref>"Mr. Bourke Must Pay." ''Irish Independent'' 8 June 1899, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 8c [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001985/18990608/118/0004. Print title: ''The Irish Weekly Independent'', p. 4.</ref></blockquote>'''1899 July 1, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#1 July 1899, Saturday|meeting in London at the Duke of Westminster's Grosvenor House]] about preserving Killarney as part of the National Trust and seems to have been acting for someone who wanted to purchase the Muckross Estate. '''1899 July 5, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Dinner and Dance at Devonshire House|dance at Devonshire House hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Devonshire]]. '''1899 July 6, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Joan Wilson and Guy Fairfax's Wedding|wedding of Joan Wilson and Guy Fairfax in St. Mark's, near Grosvenor Square]]. '''1899 July 14, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#14 July 1899, Friday|Ernest Beckett's dinner party]]. '''1899 July 18, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Ludovici Lecture on Impressionism|lecture on Impressionism by Ludovici hosted by the Countess of Mayo]]. '''1899 July 28, Friday''', [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#White's|White's Club]] was no longer under Algernon Bourke's management and was reconstituting itself after the possibility that it would have to close. '''1889 July 31, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#Fete of the Uxbridge Habitation of the Primrose League|Fete of the Uxbridge Habitation of the Primrose League]] at Hillingdon Court and hosted by the Hon. Algernon and Lady Mary Mills. '''1899 September 9, Saturday''', the ''Eastern Morning News'' includes Algernon Bourke ("St. James's-street, London, club proprietor") in a list of men "Receiving Orders," which it is reprinting from the ''London Gazette''.<ref>"Receiving Orders." ''Eastern Morning'' News 9 September 1899, Saturday: 5 [of 8], Col. 3c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001152/18990909/074/0005. Same print title and p.</ref><p> '''1899 October 19, Thursday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke had a bankruptcy hearing:<blockquote>The public examination of the Hon. Algernon Bourke was held before Mr Registrar Giffard yesterday, at the London Bankruptcy Court. The debtor, described as proprietor of a St. James's-street club, furnished a statement of affairs showing unsecured debts £13,694 and debts fully secured £12,800, with assets which are estimated at £4,489 [?]. He stated, in reply to the Official Receiver, that he was formerly a member of the Stock Exchange, but had nothing to do with the firm of which he was a member during the last ten years. He severed his connection with the firm in May last, and believed he was indebted to them to the extent of £2,000 or £3,000. He repudiated a claim which they now made for £37,300. In 1889 he became proprietor of White's Club, St. James's-street, and carried it on until January 1st last, when he transferred it to a company called Recreations, Limited. One of the objects of the company was to raise money on debentures. The examination was formally adjourned.<ref name=":9" /></blockquote> '''1899 October 20, Friday''', the ''Morning Leader'' mentions Bourke's bankruptcy:<blockquote>Mr. Algernon Bourke, whose bankruptcy is much talked about, has been connected with numerous enterprises in clubland. He raised White's from the slough into which it had sunk after the secession of the Prince of Wales. He started the Willis Restaurant, put fresh life into the Orleans Club at Brighton, arranged a big restaurant for the bicyclists in the time of the bicycle parade, and was concerned at first in the smart and short-lived Trafalgar Bicycle Club. At one time his name spelt success. Latterly his luck has left him. He is a brother of Lord Mayo, a son of the peer who was assassinated at the post of duty, and is one of the best known men about town of the day.<ref>"Club, Stage, and Salon." ''Morning Leader'' 20 October 1899, Friday: 6 [of 12], Col. 5b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004833/18991020/085/0006. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote>'''1899 November 8, Wednesday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke's bankruptcy case came up again:<blockquote>At Bankruptcy Court, yesterday, the case the Hon. Algernon Bourke again came on for hearing before Mr. Registrar Giffard, and the examination was concluded. The debtor has at various times been proprietor of White’s Club, St. James’s-street, and the Orleans’ Club, Brighton, and also of Willis's Restaurant, King-street, St. James's. He attributed his failure to losses sustained by the conversion of White’s Club and the Orleans' Club into limited companies, to the payment of excessive Interest on borrowed money, and other causes. The liabilities amount to £26,590, of which £13,694 are stated to be unsecured, and assets £4,409.<ref>"Affairs of the Hon. A. Bourke." ''Globe'' 09 November 1899, Thursday: 2 [of 8], Col. 1c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001652/18991109/020/0002. Print p. 2.</ref></blockquote> '''1899 December 23, Saturday''', "Mr. Algernon Bourke has departed for a tour in Africa, being at present the guest of his brother in Tunis."<ref>"The Society Pages." ''Walsall Advertiser'' 23 December 1899, Saturday: 7 [of 8], Col. 7b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001028/18991223/143/0007. Print p. 7.</ref> '''1899 December 29, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke was at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1899#Christmas Party Hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough|Christmas Party Hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough]].<p> '''1899 December 31''', the San Francisco newspaper ''The Wave'' wrote the following about London society:<blockquote>The most prominent untitled people in London may be said to be Mr. and Mrs. [[Social Victorians/People/Williams|Hwfa Williams]], Mr. and Mrs. [[Social Victorians/People/Grenfell|Willie Grenfell]] and Mr. Algy Bourke. That they are passing rich, goes without saying, and that they entertain lavishly, understood — for to be untitled, prominent and successful, argues wealth, hospitality and cleverness.<ref>"London." The (San Francisco) ''Wave'' 14 January 1899 (Vol. XIX, No. 2): 14. ''The Internet Archive'' https://archive.org/details/wave19unse/page/n20/mode/1up.</ref></blockquote> === 1900s === '''1900 February 15, Thursday''', Daphne Bourke, the four-year-old daughter of the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke was a bridesmaid in the [[Social Victorians/Wilson Chesterfield Wedding 1900-02-15|wedding of Enid Wilson and the Earl of Chesterfield]].<ref>"London Day by Day." ''Daily Telegraph'' 15 February 1900, Thursday: 8 [of 12], Col. 3b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001112/19000215/175/0008. Name in British Newspaper Archive: ''Daily Telegraph & Courier'' (London). Print p. 8.</ref> Gwendolen Bourke, "who was in grey, wore a chinchilla toque with violets."<ref>"Society. Entertainments, Balls, &c." ''The Queen'' 24 February 1900, Saturday: 40 [of 76], Col. 1a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/19000224/235/0040. Print: ''The Queen, The Lady's Newspaper'', p. 308.</ref> '''1900 March 10, Saturday''', the ''Weekly Irish Times'' reprinted society gossip from ''The World'':<blockquote>Mrs. Algernon Bourke, who has been staying with her husband's uncle, old Connemara, during Mr. Algernon Bourke's absence abroad, has taken a new house near Portman square, and will be settling there before Easter.<ref>"Society Gossip." ''Weekly Irish Times'' 10 March 1900, Saturday: 17 [of 20], Col. 1b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001684/19000310/116/0017. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote>'''1900 July''' '''17, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke took part in the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#17 July 1900, Tuesday|Children's Fete in support of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children]] on the grounds of the Royal Botanic Society. Daphe was 5 at this time, so it seems logical that she would have been there, too. '''1900 July 30, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Barber of Seville at Covent Garden|''The Barber of Seville'' at Covent Garden]]. '''1890 August 6, Friday''', "[[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890#Beautiful Women|Beautiful Women]]," an article in ''Vanity Fair'' that was reprinted elsewhere, mentions Gwendolen Bourke ("Lady Algernon Bourke") as one of the most beautiful women in England. '''1900 August 11, Saturday''', Gwendolen Bourke got<blockquote>the pretty little Yorkshire String, an especially tiny mite, weighing only 2¹/₂lb, and carrying a very promising coat, ... at the Aquarium Show.<ref>"The Witchampton Kennel." "Ladies Kennels." ''Ladies' Field'' 11 August 1900, Saturday: 16 [of 60], Col. 2c [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0006043/19000811/043/0016. Print title same, p. 390.</ref></blockquote><p> '''1900 September 16''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke became the heir presumptive to the Earldom of Mayo when his older brother Captain Hon. Sir Maurice Archibald Bourke died.<p> '''1900 October 06, Saturday''', the ''Weekly Irish Times'' says that Mr. Algernon Bourke, now heir presumptive to the earldom of Mayo, "has been for some months lately staying with Mr. Terence Bourke in Morocco."<ref>"Society Gossip." ''Weekly Irish Times'' 06 October 1900, Saturday: 14 [of 20], Col. 3b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001684/19001006/121/0014. Print p. 14.</ref><p> '''1901 May 30, Thursday''', the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke attended the fashionable [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#1901 May 30, Thursday|Ladies' Kennel Association Dog Show at the Botanic Garden]]. '''1901 July 2, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke — "pretty Mrs. Algernon Bourke, in a mauve gown and and purple tulle toque" — attended a children's party at the Botanic Gardens hosted by the Earl and Countess of Kilmorey.<ref>"The Earl of Kilmorey, K.P." ''Gentlewoman'' 13 July 1901: Saturday, 50 [of 84], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010713/237/0050. Print: title the same, p. 60.</ref> '''1901 July 4, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke — dressed "in pale grey, with her pretty little girl," 6-year-old Daphne — attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#The Countess of Yarborough's Children's Party|children's party hosted by the Countess of Yarborough]].<ref>"The Countess of Yarborough ...." ''Gentlewoman'' 13 July 1901, Saturday: 76 [of 84], Col. 2b, 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010713/381/0076. Print p. xxxvi.</ref>{{rp|Col. 3a}} '''1901 July 4–6, Thursday–Saturday''', Gwendolen Bourke helped staff the Perthshire stall<ref>"The Great County Sale." ''Gentlewoman'' 29 June 1901, Saturday: 43 [of 72], Col. 3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010629/223/0043# https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010629/223/0043]. Same print title, pp. 679.</ref> at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#The Great County Sale|Great County Sale in the Imperial Gardens of the Earl's Court Exhibition]]. '''1901 July 20, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' published the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke's portrait (identified with "Perthshire") in its 3rd series of "The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders."<ref>"The Great County Sale at Earl's Court. Portraits of Stallholders." ''Gentlewoman'' 20 July 1901, Saturday: 31 [of 60], Col. 4b [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19010720/141/0031. Print n.p.</ref> Their daughter Daphne appears in the portrait as well. '''1901 July 23, Tuesday''', an "Hon. Mrs. Bourke" was in the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox|party "entertained by Lord and Lady Algernon Gordon Lennox]]."<p> '''1901 September 12, Thursday''', Mrs. Gwendolen Bourke wanted her name listed as Mrs. Algernon Bourke in the Electoral Register, apparently a frequent complaint:<blockquote>Mr. Underhill, the Conservative agent, mentioned to the Revising Barrister (Mr. William F. Webster) that the name of the Hon. Mrs. Gwendolen Bourke was on the list in respect of the house, 75, Gloucester-place. The lady had written to him to say that she was the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke and that she wished that name to appear on the register. In reply to the Revising Barrister, Mr. Underhill said that “Algernon” was the name of the lady’s husband. Mr. Cooke, the rate-collector, said that Mrs. Bourke had asked to be addressed Mrs. Algernon Bourke, but that the Town Clerk thought the address was not a correct one. The lady signed her cheques Gwendolen.” Mr. Underhill said the agents frequently had indignant letters from ladies because they were not addressed by their husband’s Christian name. The Revising Barrister — lf a lady gave me the name of Mrs. John Smith I should say I had not got the voter’s name. The name Gwendolen must remain.<ref name=":15">"Ladies’ Names." ''Morning Post'' 12 September 1901, Thursday: 7 [of 10], Col. 3a [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/19010912/130/0007. Print p. 7.</ref></blockquote> '''1901 October 26, Friday''', Algernon Bourke was on the Men's Committee of the [[Social Victorians/London Clubs#Prince's Club Ice-skating Rink|Prince's Club Ice-skating Rink]], which had [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#The Prince's Club Ice-skating Rink Opening|its official opening on his day]]. '''1902 January''', Algernon Bourke is mentioned in [[Social Victorians/Schools#"More of My Contemporaries at School."|reminiscences of Eton written by the "Earl of X"]] as being among those in the "world of letters," and whose brother, later the Earl of Mayo, the Earl of X did not like. '''1902 January 25, Saturday''', Mrs. Algernon Bourke gave a box to Lady Helen Stewart-Vane-Tempest in honor of [[Social Victorians/Stewart-Stavordale Wedding 1902-01-25|Lady Helen's wedding to Giles Fox-Strangways, Lord Stavordale]]. '''1902 April 26, Saturday''', Mrs. A. Bourke is listed as being at the Norfolk Hotel in Brighton.<ref>"Guide to Visitors at Hotels and Boarding Houses." ''Brighton Gazette'' 26 April 1902, Saturday: 3 [of 8], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000938/19020426/116/0003. Same print title and p.</ref> '''1902 May, End of''', Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#End of May 1902|party at Blenheim Palace hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough]]. '''1902 June 11, Monday''', the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke had a dog entered in the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Ladies' Kennel Association Show|Ladies' Kennel Association competitions in the Botanic Gardens]]. '''1902 September 4, Thursday''', the ''Daily Express'' reported that "Mrs. Algernon Bourke is staying with Lord and Lady Alington at Scarborough."<ref>"Onlooker." "My Social Diary." "Where People Are." ''Daily Express'' 04 September 1902, Thursday: 5 [of 8], Col. 1b? [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004848/19020904/099/0005. Print p. 4, Col. 7b [of 7].</ref> '''1902 September 22, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourke was a guest at the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Earl and Countess of Mar and Kellie's House Party|large house party hosted by the Earl and Countess of Mar and Kellie]]. '''1902 October 24, Friday''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Annual Opening of the Prince's Ice-skating Rink|opened the Prince's ice-skating rink for the season]], which he had been doing since 1895. '''1902 October 25, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was bequeathed £500 by his uncle [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Robert Bourke]], who had died 3 September 1902.<ref>"Will of Lord Connemara." ''Kildare Observer and Eastern Counties Advertiser'' 25 October 1902, Saturday: 2 [of 8], Col. 4b–c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001870/19021025/037/0002. Print title the ''Kildare Observer'', n.p.</ref><p> '''1902 October 31, Friday''', the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Annual Opening of the Prince's Ice-skating Rink|7th opening of the Prince's Skating Club]]. Guendoline Bourke was on the Women's Committee and Algernon Bourke was on the Men's.<p> '''1902 November 8, Friday, beginning, perhaps''', Gwendolen Bourke was part of the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#8 November 1902, Saturday|Earl and Countess of Warwick's shooting party at Easton Lodge]].<p> '''1902 December 9, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#9 December 1902, Tuesday|Lady Eva Wyndham-Quin's "at home," held at the Welch Industrial depot]] for the sale Welsh-made Christmas gifts and cards. Bourke wore "a fur coat and a black picture hat."<ref>"A Lady Correspondent." "Society in London." ''South Wales Daily News'' 11 December 1902, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000919/19021211/082/0004. Print p. 4.</ref> '''1903 February 6, Friday''', Hon. Mrs A. Bourke was present at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Dinner Party Hosted by Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and the Countess of Dudley|dinner party Hosted by Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and the Countess of Dudley]]. <p> '''1903 February 9, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourke was present at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Dinner Party Hosted by Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and the Countess of Dudley|house party at Dublin Castle hosted by the Lord Lieutenant and Countess of Dudley that began the Viceregal season]]. '''1903 March 17, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke staffed a booth at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#1903 March 17, Tuesday|sale of the Irish Industries Association]] on St. Patrick's Day with [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Lady Mayo]], [[Social Victorians/People/Dudley|Georgina Lady Dudley]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Miss Beresford]]. A number of other aristocratic women were also present at the sale in other booths, including [[Social Victorians/People/Londonderry|Lady Londonderry]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Lucan|Lady Lucan]]. '''1903 June 19, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke was invited to the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Grand Ball in the Waterloo Chamber at Windsor Castle|grand ball at Windsor Castle]], the end of the Ascot-week festivities. '''1903 June 23, Tuesday''', Gwendolen and Daphne Bourke were invited to a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#1903 June 23, Tuesday|children's party at Buckingham Palace for Prince Eddie's birthday]]. '''1903 July 10, Friday, or so''', Gwendolen Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Party Hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough|party hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough]]. '''1904 May 17, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke had agreed to let Daphne appear in the tableaux vivants arranged by Sir Philip Burne-Jones for the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Countess Cadogan's Great Bazaar|Countess of Cadogan's great bazaar]]. Some mothers had had to decline because of the outbreaks of measles and chicken pox.<p> '''1904 June 30, Thursday''', Gwendolen and Daphne Bourke attended another birthday party for Prince Eddie at Buckingham Palace, and the ''Gentlewoman'' says, "No prettier little girl was to be seen that day than little Miss Daphne Bourke, the daughter of the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke, with her wonderful Irish eyes and colouring, her pretty white frock being relieved with a rose pink sash."<ref>"Prince Eddie's Birthday." ''Gentlewoman'' 02 July 1904, Saturday: 68 [of 92]. Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19040702/360/0068. Print: title the same, p. 42.</ref><p> '''1904 September 15, Thursday''', according to what was at the time called the ''Irish Daily Independent and Nation'', Algernon Bourke was living in Venice and not in the UK at this point:<blockquote>Algernon Bourke, who usually lives in Venice, has spent some time in England during the present summer, and has now gone on a fishing expedition to Sweden, accompanied by his brother, Lord Mayo. Lady Mayo has been staying meanwhile in Ireland, and has had a visit from her mother, Lady Maria Ponsonby, who is a sister of Lend Obventry.<ref name=":10">"Society Notes." ''Irish Independent'' 15 September 1904, Thursday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001986/19040915/131/0004. Print title: ''Irish Daily Independent and Nation'', p. 4.</ref></blockquote> '''1904 October 22, Saturday''', the ''Gentlewoman'' reported that "Mrs. Algernon Bourke is paying a visit to Venice, which Mr. Bourke has made his headquarters for several years past, as he is connected with some very artistic stone and marble works situated near the Grand Canal."<ref>"The Social Peepshow." ''Gentlewoman'' 22 October 1904, Saturday: 24 [of 6ths 8], Col. 2c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/19041022/112/0024. Print title same, p. 672.</ref> '''1905 February 17, Friday''', the Dundee ''Evening Post'' reported that Algernon Bourke "set up a shop in Venice for the sale of art treasures and old furniture."<ref>"Social News." Dundee ''Evening Post'' 17 February 1905, Friday: 6 [of 6], Col. 7b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000582/19050217/105/0006. Print p. 6.</ref> '''1905 April 26, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke attended the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#New Forest United Hunt Ball|New Forest United Hunt Ball]], as did her brother Captain R. C. H. Sloane Stanley and his wife Olivia Countess Cairns.<p> '''1905 June 5, Monday''', Algernon Bourke wrote to the ''Times'' from Venice that "The Venetian wits have suggested a motto for Admiral Togo, Togo Tenga Tutto (Togo takes the lot)."<ref>"Mr. Algernon Bourke." ''Hull Daily Mail'' 08 June 1905, Thursday: 2 [of 6], Col. 6a [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000324/19050608/008/0002. Print title ''Daily Mail'', p. 6.</ref><p> '''1905, last week of July''', Gwendolen Bourke and daughter Daphne Bourke — who was 10 years old — attended [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Last week of July, 1905|Lady Cadogan's children's party at Chelsea House]]. Daphne was "One of loveliest little girls present."<ref>"Court and Social News." ''Belfast News-Letter'' 01 August 1905, Tuesday: 7 [of 10], Col. 6b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000038/19050801/157/0007. Print p. 7.</ref><p> '''1906 March 9, Friday''', Gwendolen Bourke was a reference for Mr. Frances Burgess, who taught piano, singing, voice production, organ and music theory. Burgess was "Organist and Choirmaster of St. Columbs', North Kensington, Director of the Plainsong and Medieval Music Society's Choir, etc., etc."<ref name=":21">"Mr. Francis Burgess." ''Kilburn Times'' 9 March 1906, Friday: 3 [of 8], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001813/19060309/086/0003. Print title: ''Kilburn Times Hampstead and North-western Press'', p. 3.</ref><p> '''1906 December 10, Monday''', Gwendolen Bourke was seen in the tea room, possibly with Lady Grosvenor, at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#1906 December 10, Monday|Lady Dudley's sale of Irish needlework]].<p> '''1907 May''', a "naval signalling incident" [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887#May 1887|caused the Waterford ''Evening News'' to recall a similar event]] that had occurred 20 years earlier, in which Algernon Bourke, as special correspondent for the ''Times'', publicized [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Lord Charles Beresford]]'s use of his ship's signalling capabilities to send a message to his wife about being late for dinner:<blockquote> The naval signalling incident is still in the air. It is expected that the matter will not be threshed out until Emperor William leaves England. A story of a former signalling incident in which [[Social Victorians/People/Beresford|Lord Charles Beresford]] was concerned is going the rounds at the moment.</blockquote> '''1907 August 24, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke was present at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Polo Week at Eaton Hall, Duke and Duchess of Westminster|Polo Week at Eaton Hall, hosted by the Duke and Duchess of Westminster]]. '''1908 July 30, Thursday''', Gwendolen Bourke was at [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Glorious Goodwood. Cup Day and Dresses.|Cup Day at the Goodwood races]], wearing salmon-pink with a matching hat. '''1909 April 20, Tuesday''', Lady Rosemary Cairns — daughter of Olivia Sloan-Stanley, Countess Cairns and Cyril Sloane-Stanley — and Wyndham Portal were [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#20 April 1909, Tuesday|married in St. Margaret's, Westminster]]. Lavender and Diane Sloane-Stanley were bridesmaids.<p> '''1909 May 22, Saturday''', Algernon Bourke appears to have been living in Pisa. A columnist for the ''Queen'' reported on the Royal School of Art Needlework:<blockquote>Lady Leconfield [?] was there, also her sister-in-law, the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Dowager Lady Mayo]], only just back from her winter on the Continent, when she spent most of the time at Pisa, where her son Mr Algernon Bourke has also been staying. The latter is a great connoisseur as regards [art?] notably in what is really good in the way of old Italian sculpture and carving. He and his handsome wife have a place near to Putney, and this winter again Mr Bourke, as the result of his Italian travels, has been sending home such relics of the old Italian palace gardens as as stone and marble carved vases, garden seats, and what-not of the kind — not all for himself and his own gardens by any means, I fancy; but his friends, relying on his knowledge in such matters, get him when abroad to choose for [them?] the adornment of their English terraces and gardens.<ref>"My Social Diary." The ''Queen'' 22 May 1909, Saturday: 31 [of 86], Col. 1b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/19090522/203/0031. Print p. 871.</ref></blockquote>'''1909 September''', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was among the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#Visitors in Venice from the U.K.|many visitors from "England" in Venice]] in September. === 1910s === '''1910 April 20, Wednesday''', the ''Tatler'' printed an "open letter" to Geraldine, Countess of Mayo, as part of its "The Searchlight in Society" series and mentioned Algernon Bourke, saying he had been keeping "a curiosity shop at Venice":<blockquote>The Bourkes have brains, and a good example is afforded by Mr. Algernon Bourke, next brother to Lord Mayo and heir-presumptive to the title. He is a good-looking man who used to be known as Buttons Bourke, and he married well, as his wife was the rich and pretty Miss Guendolen Sloane Stanley. He may be described as a "Jack of all trades," but it is not I who will say that he is a master of none. He was once in the Stock Exchange, then he took White's Club in hand and restored it to much of its former prestige. After that he dabbled in smart hotels and restaurants, and the last thing I heard of him was that he kept a curiosity shop at Venice.<ref>Candida. "The Searchlight in Society. Our Open Letter. No. CII. The Countess of Mayo." The ''Tatler'' 20 April 1910, Wednesday: 18 [of 42], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001852/19100420/023/0018. Print title same, p. 72.</ref></blockquote> '''1911 November 21, Tuesday''', Gwendolen Bourke assisted the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s#21 November 1911, Tuesday|Duchess of Marlborough at her at-home]] that included a sale of work by the wives of prisoners.<p> '''1912 September 27, Friday''', Gwendolen and Daphne Bourke were visiting Mr. and Mrs. Shelley Bontein, her mother and stepfather.<ref>"From 'The World.'" ''Berks and Oxon Advertiser'' 27 September 1912, Friday: 2 [of 8], Col. 4c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002298/19120927/014/0002. Same print title, n.p.</ref><p> '''1913 April 23, Wednesday''', the Irish Independent reported that Gwendolen and Daphne Bourke had arrived in London for the season:<blockquote><p> The Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke and Miss Bourke have arrived for the season at 75 Gloucester place, Portman square, London.<ref>"Social and Personal." ''Irish Independent'' 23 April 1913, Wednesday: 4 [of 10], Col. 5b [of 8]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001715/19130423/081/0004. Same print title and p.</ref></blockquote><p> '''1913 May 7, Wednesday''', Gwendolen Bourke presented her daughter Daphne Bourke at court:<blockquote>Mrs. Algernon Bourke presented her daughter, and wore blue and gold broché with a gold lace train.<ref>"Social and Personal." London ''Daily Chronicle'' 08 May 1913, Thursday: 6 [of 12], Col. 6b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005049/19130508/120/0006. Print p. 6.</ref></blockquote> The ''Pall Mall Gazette'' has a description of Daphne Bourke's dress, but what exactly "chiffon [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hoops|paniers]]" means in 1913 is not clear:<blockquote>Court dressmakers appear to have surpassed all previous records in their efforts to make the dresses for to-night’s Court as beautiful as possible. Noticeable among these is the dainty presentation gown to be worn by Miss Bourke, who will be presented by her mother, the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke. This has a skirt of soft white satin draped with chiffon [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hoops|paniers]] and a bodice veiled with chiffon and trimmed with diamanté and crystal embroidery. Miss Bourke’s train, gracefully hung from the shoulders, is of white satin lined with pale rose pink chiffon and embroidered with crystal and diamanté.<ref>"Fashion Day by Day. Lovely Gowns for To-night's Court." ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 07 May 1913, Wednesday: 13 [of 18], Col. 1a [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/19130507/199/0013. Print n.p.</ref></blockquote>The ''London Evening Standard'' describes Gwendolen and Daphne Bourke the same way except with differences in editing:<blockquote>Miss Bourke: Presented by her mother, the Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke. Dainty presentation gown of white satin, the skirt draped with chiffon paniers, bodice veiled chiffon and trimmed with diamanté and crystal embroidery. Train gracefully hung from shoulder of white satin embroidered with crystal and diamanté, lined with pale rose pink chiffon.<ref>"Some of the Dresses." "The King and Queen. Third Court. Most Brilliant of the Year." ''London Evening Standard'' 08 May 1913, Thursday: 11 [of 18], Col. 4b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/19130508/237/0011. Print title ''The Standard'', p. 11.</ref></blockquote> According to the ''Lady's Pictorial'', Daphne Bourke's dress was designed and constructed by [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Messrs Russell and Allen|Messrs. Russell and Allen]], Old Bond-street, W., and the description is identical (except for a couple of commas).<ref>"Their Majesties' Court." ''Lady's Pictorial'' 17 May 1913, Saturday: 35 [of 64], Col. 2c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005980/19130517/296/0035. Same print title, p. 787.</ref> '''1914 May 11, Monday''', Gwendolen and Daphne Bourke attended a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s#Dance at the Ritz Hosted by Mrs. George Marjoribanks|dance at the Ritz hosted by Mrs. George Marjoribanks]]. '''1915 January 1, Friday''', Algernon Bourke is listed as being on the Executive Committee of the [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s#1915 January 1, Friday|National Food Fund, publicized by the ''Conservative and Unionist Women's Franchise Review'']]. '''1916 August 25, Friday''', Daphne Bourke's and John Fortescue's engagement was announced:<blockquote>A most attractive prospective bride (says the "Star") is Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bourke's only daughter, Miss Daphne Bourke, whose engagement has just taken place to Mr. Fortescue, of the Coldstream Guards. Miss Bourke is tall, dark, and very beautiful; and Mr. Fortescue is one of the family of Boconoc, Cornwall, and Dropmore, Maidenhead. At the latter place the two families have been neighbours, for Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bourke have a charming country residence at Taplow, while Dropmore is famous for its magnificent gardens.<ref>"Personalia." ''Uxbridge & W. Drayton Gazette'' 25 August 1916, Friday: 4 [of 8], Col. 5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002285/19160825/043/0004. Print title ''The Advertiser'', p. 4.</ref></blockquote><p>'''1917 June 7, Thursday''', Daphne Bourke and John Grenville Fortescue [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s#7 June 1917, Thursday|married in the Coldstream Guards' chapel]]. == Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball == According to both the ''Morning Post'' and the ''Times'', the Hon. Algernon Bourke was among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]] at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]].<ref name=":2">"Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House." ''Morning Post'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 7 [of 12], Col. 4a–8 Col. 2b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970703/054/0007.</ref><ref name=":3">"Ball at Devonshire House." The ''Times'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 12, Cols. 1a–4c ''The Times Digital Archive''. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.</ref> Based on the people they were dressed as, Gwendolen Bourke was probably in this procession but it seems unlikely that Algernone Bourke was. [[File:Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.jpg|thumb|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a standing woman richly dressed in an historical costume with a headdress and a very large fan|Hon. '''Guendoline''' Bourke as Salammbô. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] === Hon. Guendoline Bourke === [[File:Alfons Mucha - 1896 - Salammbô.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Highly stylized orange-and-yellow painting of a bare-chested woman with a man playing a harp at her feet|Alfons Mucha's 1896 ''Salammbô''.]] Lafayette's portrait (right) of "'''Guendoline''' Irene Emily Bourke (née Sloane-Stanley) as Salammbô" in costume is photogravure #128 in the '''album''' presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4">"Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball (1897): photogravures by Walker & Boutall after various photographers." 1899. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait-list.php?set=515.</ref> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo."<ref>"Mrs. Algernon Bourke as Salammbo." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158491/Guendoline-Irene-Emily-Bourke-ne-Sloane-Stanley-as-Salammb.</ref> ==== Newspaper Accounts ==== The Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke was dressed as Salambo in the Oriental procession<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> in a costume made by [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Mrs. Mason|Mrs. Mason]]. Besides the two that mention her — the ''Morning Post'' and the ''Times'' — only two describe her costume, the London ''Evening Standard'' and the ''Gentlewoman'': * "Mrs. A. Bourke, as an Egyptian Princess, with the Salambo coiffure, wore a flowing gown of white and silver gauze covered with embroidery of lotus flowers. The top of the gown was ornamented with old green satin embroidered with blue turquoise and gold, and studded with rubies. The train was of old green broché with sides of orange and gold embroidery, and from the ceinture depended long bullion fringe and an embroidered ibis."<ref>“The Ball at Devonshire House. Magnificent Spectacle. Description of the Dresses.” London ''Evening Standard'' 3 July 1897 Saturday: 3 [of 12], Cols. 1a–5b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18970703/015/0004.</ref>{{rp|p. 3, Col. 3b}} * "(Egyptian Princess), drapery gown of white and silver gauze, covered with embroidery of lotus flowers; the top of gown appliqué with old green satin embroidered blue turquoise and gold, studded rubies; train of old green broché."<ref>“The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The ''Gentlewoman'' 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.</ref>{{rp|p. 40, Col. 3a}} ==== Commentary ==== * ==== Salammbô ==== Salammbô is the fictitious protagonist in Gustave Flaubert's 1862 novel ''Salammbô'', set during the Roman war against Carthage.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-29|title=Salammbô|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salammb%C3%B4&oldid=1221352216|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salammb%C3%B4.</ref> Salammbô is a Carthaginian priestess of the lunar goddess Tanit. Matho, a Roman mercenary, breaks into Tanit's temple and steals her sacred veil — the spiritual guardian of Carthage. Salammbô sneaks into Matho's tent in the enemy encampment to steal the veil back. She meets him there, and "believing each other to be divine apparitions," they make love.<ref name=":5" /> Salammbô succceds in getting the veil back, but the effect of both having touched it is that Matho is tortured and executed, which causes her to die of shock. Ernest Reyer's opera ''Salammbô'' was based on Flaubert's novel and published in Paris in 1890 and performed in 1892<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-04-11|title=Ernest Reyer|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Reyer&oldid=1218353215|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Reyer.</ref> (both Modest Mussorgsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff had attempted but not completed operas based on the novel as well<ref name=":5" />). Alfons Mucha's 1896 lithograph of Salammbô (above left) was published the year before the ball.[[File:Algernon Henry Bourke Vanity Fair 20 January 1898.jpg|thumb|alt=Old colored drawing of an elegant elderly man dressed in a 19th-century tuxedo with a cloak, top hat and formal pointed shoes with bows, standing facing 1/4 to his right|''Algy'' — Algernon Henry Bourke — by "Spy," ''Vanity Fair'' 20 January 1898]] === Hon. Algernon Bourke === [[File:Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a man richly dressed in an historical costume sitting in a fireplace that does not have a fire and holding a tankard|Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]] '''Lafayette's portrait''' (left) of "Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke as Izaak Walton" in costume is photogravure #129 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.<ref name=":4" /> The printing on the portrait says, "The Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton."<ref>"Hon. Algernon Bourke as Izaak Walton." ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158492/Hon-Algernon-Henry-Bourke-as-Izaak-Walton.</ref> This portrait is amazing and unusual: Algernon Bourke is not using a photographer's set with theatrical flats and props, certainly not one used by anyone else at the ball itself. Isaak Walton (baptised 21 September 1593 – 15 December 1683) wrote ''The Compleat Angler''.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2021-09-15|title=Izaak Walton|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izaak_Walton&oldid=1044447858|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izaak_Walton.</ref> A cottage Walton lived in and willed to the people of Stafford was photographed in 1888, suggesting that its relationship to Walton was known in 1897, raising a question about whether Bourke could have used the fireplace in the cottage for his portrait. (This same cottage still exists, as the [https://www.staffordbc.gov.uk/izaak-waltons-cottage Isaak Walton Cottage] museum.) A caricature portrait (right) of the Hon. Algernon Bourke, called "Algy," by Leslie Ward ("Spy") was published in the 20 January 1898 issue of ''Vanity Fair'' as Number 702 in its "Men of the Day" series,<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-01-14|title=List of Vanity Fair (British magazine) caricatures (1895–1899)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899)&oldid=1195518024|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vanity_Fair_(British_magazine)_caricatures_(1895%E2%80%931899).</ref> giving an indication of what he looked like out of costume. === Mr. and Mrs. Bourke === The ''Times'' made a distinction between the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke and Mr. and Mrs. Bourke, including both in the article.<ref name=":3" /> Occasionally this same article mentions the same people more than once in different contexts and parts of the article, so they may be the same couple. (See [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke#Notes and Question|Notes and Question]] #2, below.) == Demographics == === The Bourkes === *Nationality: Anglo-Irish<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2020-11-14|title=Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Bourke,_6th_Earl_of_Mayo&oldid=988654078|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> *Occupation: journalist. 1895: restaurant, hotel and club owner and manager<ref>''Cheltenham Looker-On'', 23 March 1895. Via Ancestry but taken from the BNA.</ref> ==== Residences ==== *Ireland: 1873: Palmerston House, Straffan, Co. Kildare.<ref name=":7" /> Not Co. Mayo? *1888–1891: 33 Cadogan Terrace, S.W., Kensington and Chelsea, a dwelling house<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970, Register of Voters, 1891.</ref> *1894: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1894. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1900: 181 Pavilion Road, Kensington and Chelsea<ref>Kensington and Chelsea, London, England, Electoral Registers, 1889–1970. Register of Voters, 1900. Via Ancestry.</ref> *1904: Algernon Bourke was "usually liv[ing] in Venice"<ref name=":10" /> *1906: 75, Gloucester-place, W.<ref name=":21" /> *Gwendolen Bourke *1911: 1911 Fulham, London<ref name=":6" /> *20 Eaton Square, S.W. (in 1897)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pl0oAAAAYAAJ|title=Who's who|date=1897|publisher=A. & C. Black|language=en}} 712, Col. 1b.</ref> (London home of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]]) === The Sloane-Stanleys === ==== Residences ==== * 1871: Chester Street, St George Hanover Square (Census), with 5 servants, including a cook and a footman.<ref name=":16">The National Archives; Kew, London, England; ''1871 England Census''; Class: ''RG10''; Piece: ''104''; Folio: ''21''; Page: ''37''; GSU roll: ''838763''. Ancestry.com. ''1871 England Census'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.</ref> * 1881–1885<ref>''UK, City and County Directories, 1600s-1900s''. Ancestry.com. ''UK, City and County Directories, 1766 - 1946'' [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.</ref> [at least]: 14 Halkin Street, W., St. Georges, 14 servants, including a governess, a house steward, an under butler, a footman and a cook.<ref>''Census Returns of England and Wales, 1881''. Kew, Surrey, England: The National Archives of the UK (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO), 1881. Class: ''RG11''; Piece: ''98''; Folio: ''66''; Page: ''37''; GSU roll: ''1341022''. Ancestry.com and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ''1881 England Census'' [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.</ref> * 1888: 49, Cadogan-square, St. Luke, Chelsea<ref>Ancestry.com. ''London, England, Overseer Returns, 1863-1894'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2013.</ref> * 1899, Roger Cyril Sloane-Stanley: 4 Down St., St George, Hanover Square<ref>London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; ''Electoral Registers''. Ancestry.com. ''London, England, Electoral Registers, 1832-1965'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.</ref> * 1911, Roger Cyril Sloane-Stanley: Paultons, Ower, Romsey == Family == *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (31 December 1854 – 7 April 1922)<ref>"Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p29657.htm#i296561|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> *Gwendolen Irene Emily Sloane-Stanley Bourke (c. 1869 – 30 December 1967)<ref name=":1">"Guendoline Irene Emily Stanley." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p51525.htm#i515247|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-10}}</ref> #Daphne Marjory Bourke (5 April 1895 – 22 May 1962) === Relations === *Hon. Algernon Henry Bourke (the 3rd son of the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|6th Earl of Mayo]]) was the older brother of Lady Florence Bourke.<ref name=":0" /> *Wilfred Blunt was a cousin of Algernon Bourke: his mother's "mother was one of the Blunts of Crabbet Park, Sussex, which makes them kinswomen of Mr. Alfred Scawen Blunt, poet, Egyptophil and counsel for Arabi Pasha in his trial."<ref>"From ''Truth''." ''Mid-Lothian Journal'' 23 August 1912, Friday: 8 [of 8], 2c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002721/19120823/147/0008. Print title and p. same.</ref> ==== Other Bourkes ==== *Hubert Edward Madden Bourke (after 1925, Bourke-Borrowes)<ref>"Hubert Edward Madden Bourke-Borrowes." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-08-25}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p52401.htm#i524004.</ref> *Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke, who married [[Social Victorians/People/Dunraven|Windham Henry Wyndham-Quin]] on 7 July 1885;<ref>"Lady Eva Constance Aline Bourke." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-12-02}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p2575.htm#i25747.</ref> he became 5th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl on 14 June 1926. === The Sloane-Stanleys === * Emilie Josephine S Stanley ( 21 December 1848 [baptism]<ref>London Metropolitan Archives; "London, England, UK" ; ''London Church of England Parish Registers''; Reference Number: ''P87/Tri/001''. Ancestry.com. ''London, England, Church of England Births and Baptisms, 1813-1923'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.</ref> – October 1945) * Hans T Sloane Stanley (11 May 1840 [baptism]<ref>Ancestry.com. ''England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538-1975'' [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2014.</ref> – 15 December 1888<ref>Ancestry.com. ''UK and Ireland, Find a Grave® Index, 1300s-Current'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012.</ref>) * James Shell[e?]y Bontein () *# Gwendoline<ref name=":14" /> Irene Emily G Stanley (c. 1870<ref name=":16" /> – ) *# '''Roger Cyril Hans Sloane Stanley''' (29 April 1875<ref>The National Archives; Kew, Surrey, England; ''WO 42 War Office: Officers' Birth Certificates, Wills and Personal Papers 1755-1908''; Reference: ''WO 42/72''. Ancestry.com. ''UK, Officers' Birth Certificates, Wills and Personal Papers, 1755-1908'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2023.</ref> – 18 November 1944<ref>''Find a Grave''. Find a Grave®. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi. Ancestry.com. ''UK and Ireland, Find a Grave® Index, 1300s-Current'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012.</ref>) * Olivia Elizabeth Berens, Countess Cairns<ref>The National Archives of the UK (TNA); Kew, Surrey, England; ''Census Returns of England and Wales, 1911''. Ancestry.com. ''1911 England Census'' [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2011.</ref> (c. 1871 – 20 June 1951<ref>"Olivia Elizabeth Berens." Person Page 3908; person #39077. ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe''. https://www.thepeerage.com/p3908.htm#i39077. </ref>) * Arthur William Cairns, 2nd Earl Cairns (21 December 1861 – 14 January 1890)<ref name=":20">"Arthur William Cairns, 2nd Earl Cairns." Person Page 3908; Person #39076. ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe''. https://www.thepeerage.com/p3908.htm#i39076.</ref> *# Lady Louise Rosemary Kathleen Virginia Cairns (10 March 1889 – 17 May 1962)<ref name=":20" /> * Roger Cyril Hans Sloane Stanley (1875 – 18 November 1944) *# Lavender Elizabeth (20 May 1900 [baptism]<ref>Hampshire Archives and Local Studies; Winchester, England, UK; ''Anglican Parish Registers''; Reference: ''35M76/PR3''. Ancestry.com. ''Hampshire, England, Church of England Baptisms, 1813-1921''[database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2023.</ref> – ) *# Diane Sloane Stanley (c. 1905 – ) * Lavender Elizabeth (20 May 1900 [baptism] – ) * John Everett () * Diane Sloane Stanley (c. 1905 – ) * Elwyn Villiers Rhys () == Writings, Memoirs, Biographies, Papers == === Writings === * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon. ''The History of White's''. London: Algernon Bourke [privately published], 1892. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed., "with a brief Memoir." ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll with His Sister-in-Law, Lady Gertrude Sloane Stanley, 1818–1838''. John Murray, 1893. * Bourke, the Hon. Algernon, ed. ''Correspondence of Mr Joseph Jekyll''. John Murray, 1894. === Papers === * Where are the papers for the Earl of Mayo family? Are Algernon and Gwendolen Bourke's papers with them? == Notes and Questions == #The portrait of Algernon Bourke in costume as Isaac Walton is really an amazing portrait with a very interesting setting, far more specific than any of the other Lafayette portraits of these people in their costumes. Where was it shot? Lafayette is given credit, but it's not one of his usual backdrops. If this portrait was taken the night of the ball, then this fireplace was in Devonshire House; if not, then whose fireplace is it? #The ''Times'' lists Hon. A. Bourke (at 325) and Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke (at 236) as members of a the "Oriental" procession, Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke (in the general list of attendees), and then a small distance down Mr. and Mrs. Bourke (now at 511 and 512, respectively). This last couple with no honorifics is also mentioned in the report in the London ''Evening Standard'', which means the Hon. Mrs. A. Bourke, so the ''Times'' may have repeated the Bourkes, who otherwise are not obviously anyone recognizable. If they are not the Hon. Mr. and Mrs. A. Bourke, then they are unidentified. It seems likely that they are the same, however, as the newspapers were not perfectly consistent in naming people with their honorifics, even in a single story, especially a very long and detailed one in which people could be named more than once. #Three slightly difficult-to-identify men were among the Suite of Men in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Quadrilles Courts#"Oriental" Procession|"Oriental" procession]]: [[Social Victorians/People/Halifax|Gordon Wood]], [[Social Victorians/People/Portman|Arthur B. Portman]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Spencer-Churchill Wilson|Wilfred Wilson]]. The identification of Gordon Wood and Wilfred Wilson is high because of contemporary newspaper accounts. The Hon. Algernon Bourke, who was also in the Suite of Men, is not difficult to identify at all. Arthur Portman appears in a number of similar newspaper accounts, but none of them mentions his family of origin. #[http://thepeerage.com The Peerage] has no other Algernon Bourkes. #The Hon Algernon Bourke is #235 on the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball#List of People Who Attended|list of people who were present]]; the Hon. Guendoline Bourke is #236; a Mr. Bourke is #703; a Mrs. Bourke is #704. #Hans Stanley-Sloane's estate was £33,704 7s. 5d. in the final probate in December 1889,<ref>Principal Probate Registry; London, England; ''Calendar of the Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration made in the Probate Registries of the High Court of Justice in England''. Ancestry.com. ''England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1995'' [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.</ref> which might lead his widow to consider remarrying. == Footnotes == {{reflist}} la6keooafycpyoatmfzwiczn145dq8m 0 264274 2720066 2719624 2025-06-29T20:41:07Z Scogdill 1331941 2720066 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1840s|1840s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1850s |1850s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1860s | 1860s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1870s | 1870s]] ||[[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880s | 1880s Headlines]][[Social Victorians/Timeline/1880 | 1880]][[Social Victorians/Timeline/1881 | 1881]][[Social Victorians/Timeline/1882 | 1882]][[Social Victorians/Timeline/1883 | 1883]][[Social Victorians/Timeline/1884 | 1884]][[Social Victorians/Timeline/1885 | 1885]][[Social Victorians/Timeline/1886 | 1886]][[Social Victorians/Timeline/1887 | 1887]][[Social Victorians/Timeline/1888 | 1888]] 1889 || [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1890s | 1890s Headlines]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s|1900s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1910s|1910s]] [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1920s-30s|1920s-30s]] ==Sometime in 1889== A. H. Macmurdo purchased 20 Fitzroy, London, and redecorated it memorably. From the 1 January 1890 ''Morning Post'': <blockquote>Equally the attempt of Mr. Gladstone to invent a brand new system of "electoral statistics," directed to the conclusion that he had in the minority the leadership of the only true majority, with the implication that the Unionists, if honest men, would immediately resign their trust, has been received with good-humoured incredulity.<ref>''Morning Post'' 1 January 1890, Wednesday (No. 36,675): p. 4, Col. 7. '''British Newspaper Archive'''.</ref></blockquote> ==January 1889== ===1 January 1889, Tuesday, New Year's Day=== === 16 January 1889 === A Jack the Ripper letter "refers to 'my trip to Bradford'" (Cornwell 296). === 22 January 1889, Tuesday === ==== Wedding of Lady Eleanor Lambton and Lord Robert Cecil ==== The [[Social Victorians/Cecil Lambton Wedding 1889 January 22|wedding of Lady Eleanor Lambton and Lord Robert Cecil]] took place at 2:30, St. George's Church, Hanover Square, London. ==February 1889== ==March 1889== ===6 March 1889, Wednesday=== Ash Wednesday. ==April 1889== ===10 April 1889, Wednesday=== According to the summary of the weather in the 1 January 1890 Morning Post, there was "intense darkness from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m." "The Weather of 1889."<ref>''The Morning Post'', 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): p. 6, Col. 3.</ref> ===11 April 1889, Thursday=== According to the summary of the weather in the 1 January 1890 Morning Post, the "intense darkness" of the day before returned "for a short time next day" <cite>"The Weather of 1889." The Morning Post, 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): page 6 Col. C.</cite> ===12 April 1889, Friday=== Amy Levy and Elizabeth Pennell both attended what Pennell called a "converzazione" at the Fabian Society in the Bloomsbury Town Hall. Pennell says, "We went to the Converzazione of the Fabian Society in Bloomsbury Town Hall. A collection of cranks, native and foreign: young women in extraordinary costumes, one a perfect Burne-Jones, played the violin; young men with long hair and velvet coats. Most people were in evening dress so that a conspicuous figure was [[Social Victorians/People/George Bernard Shaw|George Bernard Shaw]] in grey Jaeger get-up, flirting outrageously with all the girls in the room" (Linda Hunt Beckman, Amy Levy: Life and Letters, p. 179; posting on victoria@listserv.indiana.edu Linda Hunt Beckman <beckman@temple.edu>, 20 October 2003, "Re: conversaziones at Berkeley Galleries; mourning customs"). ===19 April 1889, Friday=== Good Friday. ===21 April 1889, Sunday=== Easter Sunday. ===28 April 1889, Sunday=== Jack Yeats <quote>attended the funeral of the Duchess of Cambridge, whose husband was Queen Victoria's uncle, and commander-in-chief of the British Army. She was a very popular woman; Jack described the event as 'more like a race meeting than a funeral'. Street touts sold 'memorium cards of the dear old Dutchie', and charged fourpence for standing room at the curbside. Griffin was with Jack</quote> (Bruce Arnold. Jack Yeats. p. 46) ==May 1889== Sometime in May 1889 the The Inner Order of the Golden Dawn met at the offices of The Sanitary Wood Wool Co. (Howe 85 31). Dinner planned in honor of James Whistler, with a long list of celebrities invited, including [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|Arthur Collins]], Equerry to the Queen, William Christian Symons, the recipient of a letter from Whistler's son,<blockquote>Sir Coutts Lindsay (1824-1913), Bart., co-founder of the Grosvenor Gallery ..., and Edmond, Prince de Polignac (1834-1901), composer ...; diplomats, such as James Rennell Rodd (1858-1941), 1st Baron Rennell, poet and diplomat ...; lawyers, including Sir John Charles Sigismund Day (1826-1908), QC, collector ..., and Sir George Henry Lewis (1833-1911), society lawyer ...; and scientists, including Edwin Ray Lankester (1847-1929), Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy .... There are several men involved with drama and music, such as John Hollingshead (1827-1904), journalist and manager of the Gaiety Theatre ..., Richard D'Oyly Carte (1844-1901), impresario and property developer ..., and Pablo de Sarasate y Navascues (1844-1908), violinist ...; writers, such as Sheridan Ford (1860-1922), poet, critic, politician and writer on art ..., Stéphane Mallarmé (1842-1898), Symbolist writer and poet ..., and Comte Robert de Montesquiou-Fezensac (1855-1921), Symbolist writer and poet, and collector [more]. Art critics and editors include Theodore Child (1846-1892), journalist and art critic ..., Théodore Duret (1838-1927), art critic and collector ..., Henry Du Pré Labouchère (1831-1912), journalist and Liberal MP ...,William Michael Rossetti (1829-1919), civil servant and critic ..., and George Augustus Sala (1828-1895), artist, journalist and critic .... Nor surprisingly, there are many patrons and collectors, such as Alexander ('Aleco') Ionides (1840-1898), businessman ..., Alfred Chapman (1839-1917), engineer and collector ..., and Wickham Flower (b. ca 1836), solicitor and collector ...; some art dealers, such as Charles William Deschamps (1848-1908), art dealer ...; and, of course, many artists, including Joseph Edgar Boehm (1834-1890), sculptor ..., Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas (1834-1917), artist ..., John Lavery (1856-1941), painter ..., William Quiller Orchardson (1832-1910), genre and portrait painter ..., Théodore Roussel (1847-1926), painter and print-maker ..., Walter Richard Sickert (1860-1942), artist and writer on art ..., Francis ('Frank') Job Short (1857-1945), printer and print-maker ..., and John Singer Sargent (1856-1925), artist .... Finally, there are a few family members, such as Hon Charles Ernest Thynne (1849-1906), solicitor, husband of JW's niece Annie Haden ..., and William McNeill Whistler (1836-1900), physician, JW's brother .... (http://www.whistler.arts.gla.ac.uk/correspondence/people/display/?cid=5635&nameid=Collins_A&sr=0&surname=Collins&firstname=Arthur&rs=1#ms05635)</blockquote> === 18 May 1889, Saturday === The Italian Opera season opened at Covent Garden with Bizet's ''I Pescatori di Perle'' (which isn't Italian). The reporting is not perfectly clear, but the Princess of Wales, her daughters and the Duchess of Edinburgh do not seem to have been present in 1889, but they were in 1887 for the Italian Opera's first season at Covent Garden.<blockquote>Covent Garden Theatre, on Saturday, when the Italian Opera season was inaugurated by a performance of Bizet's early opera "I Pescatori de Perle," presented the most brilliant appearance imaginable, and being even more noteworthy that the first season's assemblage which Mr. Harris brought together two years ago, The Princess of Wales and the three young Princesses, together with the Duchess of Edinburgh, occupied the Royal box. Among the host of fashionabie people present were Lord and Lady Charles Beresford, the Duke of Portland, Lady Randolph Churchill, Lady Rosebery, the Duchess of Marlborough, Sir Julian Goldsmid, Mr. Harry H. Marks, Lord Wolverton, Mrs. Edward Sassoon, Mrs. Vanderbilt, the Hon. F. E Allsopp, Lord Revelstoke, Mr. H. L W. Lawson, the [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon Bourke]], Lady Windsor, Mrs. Lawrence, Lady Dudley, the Duchess of Montrose, Mr. Alfred de Rothschild, Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild, Sir Charles Tennant, Sir Phillip Currie, Mr. Arthur Cohen, Mr. Critchett. Mr. Poland, the Hon. G. Curzon, Mr. Seager Hunt, M.P., the Duchess of Leinster, Lord Latham, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Raphael, and Mr. Corney Grain.<ref>"Royal Italian Opera. A Brilliant Assemblage at the First Night at Covent Garden." ''Evening News'' (London) 20 May 1889, Monday: 2 [of 4], Col. 7b–c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003283/18890520/026/0002. Same title and p.</ref></blockquote> === 27 May 1889, Monday, 11 p.m. === ==== The Queen's State Ball at Buckingham Palace ==== It seems to have been hosted by the Prince and Princess of Wales and a number of their children. Queen Victoria was not present. The dancing began at 11 p.m., after the Prince and Princess of Wales and their family and attendants arrived.<ref>"The Queen's State Ball." ''Morning Post'' 28 May 1889, Tuesday: 5 [of 8], Col. 5a–7b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18890528/048/0005. Same print title and p.</ref> ==June 1889== The last meeting of the Men and Women's Club was held in June 1889 (Bland 41). The "initial London performance of 'A Doll's House' was in June 1889 and was attended by Eleanor Marx, Clementina Black, and Amy Levy (Bernstein paragraph 12). Then Walter Besant wrote "The Doll's House -- And After," attacking Nora for the destruction of her family twenty years later. G. B. Shaw wrote another version in 1890, a sequel to the original as well, "Still After the Doll's House," attacking Besant's vision (Time [February 1890]: 197–208). Eleanor Marx and Israel Zangwill then wrote "A Doll's House Repaired," in which the door slamming is the one that locks Nora in (Time [March 1891]: 239–253). ===5 June 1889, Wednesday=== Derby Day at Epsom Downs. According to the ''Morning Post'', <quote>The Derby Day. / Lady George Hamilton's second evening party, at the Admiralty. / Lady Trevelyan's dance, instead of the 27th of May. / Lady Jane Lindsay's first dance. / The Hon. Mrs. Greville Vernon's dance.</quote> ("Arrangements for This Day." The Morning Post Wednesday, 5 June 1889: p. 7 [of 12], Col. 6B). ===6 June 1889, Thursday=== According to the year-end summary of the weather in the 1 Janaury 1890 ''Morning Post'', there was a "grand display of lightning during the violent thunderstorm of June 6" <cite>"The Weather of 1889." The Morning Post, 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): page 6 Col. C.</cite> === 8 June 1889, Saturday === The Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours opened an exhibition of "the works of the 'English Humourists in Art.'"<blockquote>The members of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours, Piccadilly, W., through their president, Sir James D. Linton, and Mr. James Orrock, R.I., have made arrangements for a representative exhibition of the works of the "English Humourists in Art." The scope will be a wide one, from Hogarth, Rowlandson, etc., through the successive stages of humorous graphic art to its present development, as exemplified in the members of the artistic staff of ''Punch'' and contemporary pictorial humourists. The exhibition opens on the 8th of June, and is under distinguished patronage. The Queen will exhibit original drawings by Rowlandson, etc., from the royal collection; the Duchess of St. Albans, the [[Social Victorians/People/Westminster|Duke of Westminster]], the [[Social Victorians/People/Rosebery|Earl of Rosebery]], the [[Social Victorians/People/Mayo|Earl of Mayo]], the Hon. [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Algernon Bourke]], the Hon. Michael Sandys, Mr. [[Social Victorians/People/Henry Irving|Henry Irving]], and other fortunate possessors of original treasures of the requisite kind will contribute to the collection. The leading features of the Exhibition will be the gathering of original works by Rowlandson, an assemblage of the original illustrations designed from the works of Charles Dickens, including the series by George Cruikshank, H. K. Browne (“ Phiz ”), John Leech, Fred Barnard, Charles Green, R.I., etc. A most important series of water-colour drawings by the last-named artist, illustrating episodes from Dickens on a more ambitious scale than has been previously attempted, will be contributed by Mr. William Lockwood, who commissioned Mr. Charles Green to undertake this ''tour de force''. Nearly all the original works in oils by Mr. Fred Barnard will be exhibited. Randolph Caldecott will also be well represented. There will likewise be numerous specimens of Messrs. John Tenniel, R.I., Charles Keene, George Du Maurier, R.W.S., Harry Furniss, Linley Sambourne, Gordon Thompson, Alfred Bryan, J. F. Sullivan; and others. Mr. Gilbert Dalziel is sending a selection from the best examples of the late W. G. Baxter.<ref>"An Exhibition of Humourists." ''St James's Gazette'' 22 May 1889, Wednesday: 8 [of 16], Col. 2a [of 2]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001485/18890522/041/0008. Print p. 8.</ref></blockquote> ===26 June 1889, Wednesday=== There was apparently a regular celebration of [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|Arthur Collins]]' birthday, 26 June, by Bret Harte, George Du Maurier, [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Sullivan|Arthur Sullivan]], Alfred Cellier, Arthur Blunt, and John Hare (Nissen, Axel. Brent Harte: Prince and Pauper: 239. [http://books.google.com/books?id=WEDewmUnapcC]). Choosing 1885–1902 as the dates because those apparently are the dates of the close relationship between Harte and Collins, ending in Harte's death in 1902. ==July 1889== === 2 July 1889, Tuesday === ==== The Shah at a Covent Garden Opera Performance ==== These two articles are reportage, written in a personal, 1st-person style.<blockquote>The "Arabian Nights" at Covent Garden. I. — By Our Operatic Special. Truly a great function! Worthy of the occasion, and worthy of everybody concerned! Such was the verdict passed upon last night's show at Covent Carden by those who were lucky enough to be present at what was practically a unique performance. State visits to the opera are few and far between, and we must carry our memories back some sixteen years in order to recall a similar combination of royalty, aristocracy, millinery, and jewellery. No one has a better recollection of the operatic past than Mr. Edward Hall, the ''doyen'' of the Covent Garden box-office, who has been connected with the establishmient for over forty years. This veteran told me last night, when all was over, that the brilliancy of the occasion fully equalled, if not surpassed, both the Shah's visit to Bow-street (the theatre, not the police- court), in 1873, and also the Sultan of Turkey's entertainment at the same house in 1867. At any rate the vast majority of us had never seen anything quite like it before, and consequently we were duly astonished and delighted. Arriving at the opera-house shortly before eight o'clock, I devoted myself immediately to making a short tour of inspection of all the arrangements. The entrance-hall was judiciously ornamented with strange and prickly shrubs, and had quite the appearance of a tropical jungle tempered with an allowance of red cloth. Turning to the grand staircase, which was covered with a carpet of peacock-blue, I made my way through leafy masses and nodding blossoms to the crush-room. Here all was cool and inviting. Huge blocks of ice, rendered translucent by artfully concealed coloured lights, filled every corner, mirrors reflected palms of all sorts and sizes, and comfortable lounges were scattered about for the benefit of the Royalties. This "elegant apartment" adjoined the Royal box, and was of course inaccessible to outsiders. The smoking balcony over the portico was also reserved for the various "highnesses," and a long table covered with light refreshments looked quite tempting with its glittering array of glass and plate. However, it was now time to seek the auditorium, and accordingly I hurried downstairs again and entered the stalls. As I gazed round the house a perfect "Arabian Nights" vision burst upon me. Imagine Covent Garden Theatre with every circle lined with bouquets, and every chair decked with a satin programme pinned to it, antirnaccassar fashion! The effect was one to be seen in order to be fully realized. Goodness only knows where the florists found material for all these bunches of roses and carnations, and for the substantial button-holes which were placed at the disposal of the gentlemen; one would almost expect a flower-ramine [?] in the adjacent market as the natural result. The audience was coming in slowly and sedately, and I had ample time and opportunity to look round me and take note of a few well-known faces. Lord and Lady Rothschild were among the earliest arrivals — he in a scarlet coat, and she in white and diamonds; Lady Mandeville took up her position early in Mrs. William Carrington's box. Lord and Lady Charles Beresford and Lord and Lady de Grey had deserted their usual quarters and occupied the Prince of Wales's box, which of course was not required by Royalty. Lady de Grey had on her lovely diamond tiara. Indeed, all over the theatre it positively rained precious stones, and there was hardly a lady on the grand or pit tiers who did not "sport" something magnificent in the way of a "head-piece." Mr. Edward Lawson, and Mr. Augustus Spalding each wandered about the stalls in the red coat of a deputy lieutenant; Mr. Reuben Sassoon wore black court dress, and so did Dr. Pavey, of "Guy's." Mr. Higgins hovered between the stalls and one of the omnibus boxes; Lady Dudley divided herself between her own domain, where she was accompanied by Miss Mordaunt, and the Beresford box; and Mr. Potter, Q.C., wore "common or garden" evening clothes. Others who came in good time were the Danish Minister (in gorgeous array) and Madame De Falbe, wearing her wonderful emeralds; Mr. De Murietta, Lord and Lady Will[i]am Nevill, the latter wearing diamonds, pearls, and sapphires; Miss Murietta, in white, and Mr. Van Raalte, who brought his wife in a charming light blue gown. But stay! Here is Signor Mancinelli in his place, just ready to begin. The Royal party is not expected until nine o'clock, and so the first few items will be got through in their absence. The orchestra plays the overture to "William Tell" splendidly, and then Mdme. Melba comes on to sing the mad scene from "Lucia," under the baton of Signor Randegger. Next Signor Arditi takes his turn with the "stick," and Beethoven's immortal "Leonora No. 3' is given. After this there is a pause; Signor Mancinelli resumes his comnand, and stands, waiting for his signal. It is past nine o'clock, and the Royalties are already overdue. A few minutes of anxious expectation, and then distant cheers are heard by those in the corridors. The audience rise as one being, the conductor's stick makes a significant movement, there is a mighty roll of drums leading into the National Anthem, and then his Majesty the Shah enters the Royal box with the Princess of Wales on his arm. The Prince of Wales follows with Princess Louise, and then come Prince Albert Victor and Princess Victoria of Wales; Prince George and Princess Beatrice; the Earl of Fife, escorting his fiancée, Princess Louise of Wales; and Prince Henry of Battenberg with Princess Maud. The Princess of Wales wears a magnificent flame-coloured brocade, and her famous diamond tiara; Princess Beatrice is in black, and Princess Louise and the three young Princesses are all in white. In attendance on the Royal party are the Persian Minister and several members of the Shah's suite, the Duke of Portland, Lord Radnor, Lord Lathom, Sir Henry Drummond Wolff, Sir Henry Rawlinson, Sir Spencer Ponsonby, Lady Sophia Macnamara, Lady Emily Kingscote, and Miss Cochrane. Every one has a good stare at the Shah while "God save the Queen" and the Persian National Anthem are being played, and then the Royalties settle down in their charming white and yellow ''loge'', and begin to turn over the books of the words, which have been elaborately bound in crimson watered silk. The curtain rises almost immediately on the fourth act of "Faust," which is sung by Mdrne. Albani, Mdme. Scalchi, the Brothers de Reszke, and M. Lassalle. His Oriental Majesty appears to enjoy the music, and waves his right band vigorously, while the Soldiers' Chorus is being sung. Then there is a brief interval, during which I perambulate the house and make up the following "little iist" of notabilities. Lord Limerick; Mrs. Edward Lawson, in white; Mr. and Mrs. Harry Lawson; Mr. Maximilian de Bathe; Mr. and Mrs. Hulse; Mr. George Curzon, M.P., who is in Lord Windsor's box; Lady Colin Campbell, with a lovely feather fan; Mrs. Labouchere, in pink; the Duchess of Newcastle, with her daughter, the Duchesse d'Avigliano; [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bourke]], in the Murietta's [sic] box; Mrs. Arthur Wilson, in black, who manages to drop her banquet onto someone's head; Lady Zetland, in white; the Duchess of Portland, also in white; the Duchess of Marlborough; Lady Lucas; Lord and Lady Windsor; Mrs. Parkinson Sharpe and her daughters; Mrs. Lawrence, in black and white; Mr. Charles Lucas; Mrs. Edward Sassoon, in white; Mr. "Arthur Roberts" Nugent, in a bear-skin; Sir Morell Mackenzie, with his German star; Mr. Charles Hall, Q.C.; the Duchess of Manchester, Mr. Arthur Chappell, Mrs. Arthur Paget, and Lady Mary Mills, who looks lovely in grey velvet and a diamond tiara; Mrs. Henry Oppenheim, in red; Lady Rosebery, with Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild; Lord Abington; Mr. and Mrs. Hanbury; Lady Broome, in terra cotta; and Colonel and Mrs. William Carington. In the "omnibus" boxes are Lord Calthorpe, Lord Chesterfield, Mr. Chaplin, Colonel Oliver Montague, Lord Henry Paulet, Mr. Baring, Mr. Williams, and Mr. C. de Murietta. Mrs. Arthur Sassoon is with Lady Forbes; Mrs. McEwan has brought Lady Jane Taylour, and Lady Howe, in white, has come with Lady Hindlip. Amongst others present I see Lady Randolph Churchill; Lady de Trafford, in brown satin, with pale pink, roses; the Spanish Ambassador; Mrs. Albert Brassey; Mrs. Adrian Hope, in white satin; Lady Curzon; Lady Claude Hamilton, in salmon pink; Maria, Marchioness of Ailesbury, in black and gold; Mrs. Tatton Egerton, Mr. Alfred de Rothschild; and a heap of others. The Guards about the theatre make a particularly brilliant show, and the twenty-four Beefeaters, who have been sent over from St. James's Palace, remind one of the "Yeomen of the Guard." The second Part of the programme goes quite as well as the first, and Mdme. Melba makes an especial hit in the valse from "Romeo et Juliette." When all is over the Royal party passes down the staircase and gradually disperses.Then the "Wales" family departs for Marlborough House, and Lord Fife is left to take care of Princess Beatrice instead of his ''fiancée''. When all the Royalties have finally gone every one, [sic] else slowly leaves the big opera house, and I myself, turning my steps southward, run against a little fair man, and have the pleasure of congratulating Mr. Clarkson on having "wigged" three operas in one evening. So ends a memorable function. A Display of Unparalleled Magnificence. II. — By Our Own Visitor. The gala performance at the Covent Garden Theatre last night, on the occasion of the "State Visit to the Opera, by command of her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, in honour of his Majesty the Shah, K.G.," presented a spectacle of altogether unprecedented brilliancy. Nothing even approaching it has ever before been seen in England, and we must go back to the days of the French Empire to find a similar entertainment that could in any sense be compared with it for splendour. I arrived somewhat early and found that the ordinary drive under the portico of the theatre had been transformed into a fine and spacious vestibule [Col. 2c-3a] by reason of much bunting — above, around, and under foot — while the gas chandeliers were decorated with flowers. Entering the ordinary vestibule of the theatre I found myself in a charming ante-chamber, in which the military had already taken up their position, and in which a great number of officers, military, naval, civil, and diplomatic, were promenading. Then on through the passages into the body of the theatre, and a wonderful spectacle presented itself. The house was alive with flowers — magnificent bouquets, huge and tasteful nosegays of roses for the ladies and buttonholes for the gentlemen, rested between every alternate stall, and traced the outline of the rows of boxes on every tier in splendid profusion, and imparted a semblance of fairy-land to the interior. Of the large bouquets it was said that no fewer than seven hundred had been provided by Messrs. Wells and Segar, and that the supply in the market round the corner was suffering severely through the contract. On the back of each seat was pinned a gorgeous programme printed in blue upon a sheet of white satin twelve inches by eighteen. And now the fortunate holders of seats began to pour in — all that was most beautiful, most aristocratic, and most wealthy in London. But it was noticeable that very, very few of the well known faces in artistic, literary, or scientific circles were present. I have seen many an important function and ceremonial, but never have I seen so many beautiful women together, or such a wonderful display of diamonds and jewels. "I should like to have the chance," whispered a Bond-street gentleman in front of me to his friend, after the Princess had arrived, "I should like to have the chance of buying all the stones in this house for a million sterling. I'd put up with the balance." He was apparently "in the trade." Never has the Princess of Wales looked more beautiful than last night, as, in her deep red dress, her neck smothered in necklaces and rivières of diamonds, and a dazzling diamond coronet on her head — by the side of which all other tiaras and jewels seemed to pale — she stood in front of the box, biting her lips with what appeared to be suppressed amusement. The Royal party, all in full uniform, sat thus:— </blockquote> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Princess Victoria of Wales !Prince Henry of Battenberg !Princess Maud of Wales !Prince Albert Victor !Princess of Wales !S<small>HAH</small> !Prince of Wales !Princess Beatrice !Prince George of Wales !Princess Louise of Wales !Earl of Fife (apparently: he was behind a column) |} <blockquote> During the last interval, the Guest [the Shah] did not wait for the Princess, but left his seat and she quietly followed him out. I also left the body of the theatre, and, making my way to the vestibule, where the band of the Royal Artillery was playing and a strong guard of the same regiment was mounted, I thought I had never beheld a more picturesque or dazzling a scene. Military men in their uniforms, Life Guards in their clanking steel, Hussars with their clicking spurs, Doctors of Law in their gowns, men in Court dress, Highlanders, Volunteer officers, officers of regiments of the line, gorgeous in lace and brave in buttons, all hemmed in by a hollow square of the heavily gold-laced Queen's servants, formed a scene of brilliancy, tempered by the presence of ladies. Such was the gala night of the Covent Garden Theatre, and if the sight of it had not impressed itself for good on the heart of the Shah as he drove away in the magnificent gold carriage (for all the world like that in which the Prince and Princess drive round the ring at the Christmas circus), he must at least have felt grateful for the most superb society reunion that has ever taken place in London since London began.<ref>"The Shah at the Opera." ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 3 July 1889, Wednesday: 4 [of 8], Col. 2a–3a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18890703/012/0004. Same print title and p.</ref> </blockquote> ===27 July 1889, Saturday=== Wedding between Princess Louise of Wales and the Duke of Fife at Buckingham Palace (http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/25962/pages/4311/page.pdf). ==== Garden Party Hosted by Mr. and Mrs. Augustus Harris ==== The Mr. Charles Dickens who attended cannot be the novelist, but he could be his son, Charles Dickens, Jr., who died in 1896.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2024-12-24|title=Charles Dickens Jr.|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens_Jr.|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> Who Lord and Lady Greville are requires confirmation, as [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Earl and Countess Warwick]] might have been called Lord and Lady Greville; calling [[Social Victorians/People/Greville|Algernon Fulke]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Violet Greville|Lady Violet Greville]] Lord and Lady would be incorrect but not a big stretch. The Dowager Duchess of Newcastle in 1889 was Henrietta, 6th [[Social Victorians/People/Newcastle|Duchess of Newcastle]], who married Thomas Theobald Hohler in 1880.<blockquote>Mr. and Mrs. Augustus Harris gave a very successful garden party on Saturday, 27th ult., at The Elms, Avenue-road, when the beautiful grounds were filled with a brilliant and fashionable assemblage. The approach to the house is through a long avenue of elms, and once inside the gates one might be far away in the depths of the country. Both Mr. and Mrs. Harris stood near the entrance to welcome the guests; Mrs, Harris wearing a beautiful toilette of eau de nil silk, with a becoming French hat, with long streamers at the back. Tents were erected on the lawns, and little tables were dotted about the grass, where the guests might discuss the huge peaches at their ease. The band of the Scots Guards discoursed sweet music on the lawn, and the extremely beautiful toilettes worn by the ladies enhanced the charm of the scene. The beautiful Lady de Grey came in on her way from the Royal wedding, looking lovely in an exquisite toilette of soft white mousseline de soie, with a pointed vest of gold passementerie, and a becoming little bonnet of the same material; she wore very fine diamond earrings, which paled beside the brilliancy of her eyes. Mrs. Baskcomb had also come on from the wedding, and looked charming in a dress of white and blue mousseline de laine, with a vest and sash of dark blue silk, and a bonnet made entirely of cornflowers. Mrs. Baskcomb wore the favour from the Royal wedding (a pretty spray of orange-blossom and white heather); and round her neck was a Royal gift, consisting of a pendant with the Prince of Wales's feathers on a raised gold ground. Mrs. Phillips also wore an exquisite toilette which had figured on the same occasion. The [[Social Victorians/People/Newcastle|Dowager Duchess of Newcastle]] wore an artistic costume of bronze and green. Mrs. Heywood attracted a good deal of attention in a bright red silk dress, with a sunshade to match, having a spray of pink may at the top, and a diamond collar necklace. Mrs. Sam Lewls looked particularly striking in a green dress slightly figured with black, a grass-green mantle trimmed with bands of black passementerie, and a pretty bonnet made entirely of grass with a coronet of yellow buttercups. Mrs. Alfred Caldicott looked very elegant in a successful combination of bronze and green, with a bonnet of salmon-pink roses. Mrs. Henry Wylde looked well in white silk striped with black velvet, and a large hat covered with white ostrich feathers; and Mrs. Philip Falk was in sapphire-blue silk and velvet. A very ''chic'' toilette was worn by Mrs. Skirrow, who wore a very pretty green hat with a turned-up brim, trimmed with Japanese chrysanthemums in mauve, pink, and cream. Mrs. Maxse looked very pretty in silver-grey silk, with a long black lace mantle with winged sleeves, and a black lace hat wreathed with pink and crimson roses. The most ''récherché'' toilette of the occasion was worn by Mrs. Randegger, who looked very pretty in salmon-pink silk shot with fawn, with a bonnet of roses of the same colour. Nearly all Mr. Harris's ''prima donnas'' were present, and each formed a separate centre of attraction. Mdme. Ella Russell wore a charming Empire dress of eau de nil crêpe de chine with a coral-pink sash, & bonnet of coral-pink roses, and a diamond star at the throat. The sunshade which accompanied this fresh and dainty toilette was of white silk edged with real Brussels lace. Mdme. Valda looked very handsome in a dress of ivory silk covered with Italian lace, with a cuirass of gold passementerie, and a white tulle bonnet trimmed with gold-coloured velvet. Mdme. Marie Roze wore a fancy striped mousseline de laine, with a straw hat lined with sky-blue silk and trimmed with pink roses, the écru lace vest crossed by the large diamond stars belonging to the tiara presented to her by the people of Liverpool. Pretty Mdme. Nordica wore a Directoire dress in white-and-fawn striped silk, and a white bonnet trimmed with amber. Mrs. Bernard Beere looked very picturesque in pearl white brocade with a white lace front, a white chip hat trimmed with Boulanger carnations, a nosegay of the same in the bodice, and one of the flowers tucked into the throat under the high collar. Buttons of star sapphires were the only touch of colour in the dress. Celebrities of every description were to be seen among the guests. Mons. Max O'Rell discoursed art with Mons. Jean de Paléologue and Mons. Raphael. Mons. Ed. Lantéri was also present (professor of sculpture at South Kensington, and the designer of the medals which Mr. Harris has lately presented to his artists in commemoration of his successful operatic season) and Mons. Bertrand, who has taught the Duchess of Fife to fence, and speaks greatly of her proficiency in the graceful art. A great many of Mr. Harris's colleagues on the County Council were present, amongst whom may be mentioned Colonel Edis, Captain Probyn, Mr. E. Boulnois, M.P., Colonel Rotton, Mr. Beechcroft, Mr. Beaufoy, Mr. J. F. Beck, Mr. Carter, Mr. Carr-Gomm, Mr. Frank Debenham, Mr. Lye, Mr. A. Bassett-Hopkins, Mr. Lemon, Mr. Torr, Mr. Rhodes, Captain Verney, Mr. Walter Wren, and Mr. F. A. Ford. The rain luckily kept off until quite the end of the party, when the remaining guests adjourned to the house and examined the beautiful silver salver and marble gilt photograph stand which was presented to the popular manager last week by the principal members of the Royal Italian Opera Company, whose portraits, with autographs attached, give additional value to the graceful gift. Among the guests were:— The [[Social Victorians/People/Newcastle|Dowager Duchess of Newcastle and Mr. Hohler]], the Earl and Lady Cairns, Lord de I'lsle, Lord and Lady Hindlip, Sir Edmund and Lady Lechmere, Sir Arthur Birch, Lord Hay, '''Lord and Lady Greville''', Sir Charles and Lady Tupper, Lord and LadyHobhouse, Lady Fanny Fitzwygram, Sir Albert Rollit, M.P., Lord and Lady Raincliffe, Mr. John Aird, M.P., and Mrs. Aird, Sir Richard and Lady Wood, Mr. H. De Stern, Sir Francis and Lady Truscott, Mr. and Mrs. Ellicott, Mr. Hume Spry; Sir F. Perkins, Lady Colin Campbell, Sir Thomas and Lady Gabriel, Mr. Henry Tracy, Lady and Miss Pauncefote, Colonel Sir Robert Harley, Sir Edward Hamley, Sir Vincent and Lady Barrington, Sir W. and Lady Hardman, Mr. and Lady Agnes Cooper, Sir James and Lady Linton, Mr. and Mrs. Kendal, Sir Oscar Clayton, Mr. J. F. Firth, M.P., and Mrs. Firth, Sir F. and Lady Alston, Mdme. Roze and Col. Mapleson, Mr. T. Thorne, Alderman and Mrs. Savory, Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Kynaston, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Stirling, Mr. and Mrs. L. Brough, Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Frith, Mr. Seymour Lucas, Mr. Woodall, M.P., Sir George Grove, Mr. L. Jennings, M.P., Col. E. Hughes, M.P., and Mrs. Hughes, Dr. W. H. Russell, Mr. and Mrs. Sydney Hoffnung[,] Mr. Pope, Q.C, Miss Bury, Dr. and Mrs. Robson Roose, Mr. H. Poland, Q.C., Sir S and Lady Gabriel, Mr. C. Whitmore, M.P., Alderman and Lady Isaacs, Sir T. and Lady Lucas, Sir R. Fowler, M.P., and Miss Fowler, Alderman Sir John and Lady Ellis, Lady Monckton, Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Parkinson, '''Mr. and Mrs. Charles Dickens''', Mr. and Mrs. Harry Furniss, Mr. G. A. Sala, Mr. and Mrs. Pinero, Mdme. Valia, Alderman and Mrs. Evans, Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Caldicott, Mr. Harry Marks, Mons. Castelmary, Mons. and Mdme. Paul Blouet, Mdme. Fursch-Madi, Mr. and Mr. [sic] Charles Wyndham, Col. R. W. Edis, Alderman and Mrs. Tyler, Mr. E. Boulnois, M.P., and Mrs. Boulnois, Mr. and Mrs. Terris, Mr. A. M. Broadley, Mr. J. Fernandez, Mr. Phil Morris, A R.A., Alderman, Mrs., and the Misses Faudel Philips, Sir W. and Miss Charley, Mr. Bidney Brough, Le Comte Ostrorog, Captain and Mr. [sic] Cdfford [Clifford?] Probyn, Mr. Under-Sheriff Clarence Halse and Mrs. Halse, Mr. and Mrs. Edward Sassoon, Le Comte and Comtesse Dillon, Mr. and Mrs. Folk, Captain Henshaw Russell, Mrs. Adair, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Mr. and Mrs. Algernon Bourke]], Mr. H. V. Higgins, Captain and Mrs. Lathom Fox, Colonel and Mrs. Rotton, Signor Mancinelli, Rev. Henry White, Captain Chetwynd, Mr. and Mrs. Hume Webster, Mons. Gennadino, Alderman and Mrs. Renals, Major-General Hales Wortham, Signor and Mdme. Arditi, Rev. Canon and Mrs. Barker, Mr. and Mrs. Frank Debenham, Mrs. Gabrielli, Dr. and Mrs. Scott Gatty.<ref>"In Society." ''Lady's Pictorial'' 03 August 1889, Saturday: 62 [of 82], Col. 3a–c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005980/18890803/425/0062. Same print title, p. 174.</ref></blockquote> === 1889 July 31, Wednesday === ==== Fete of the Uxbridge Habitation of the Primrose League ==== <blockquote>A fête, held under the auspices of the Uxbridge Habitation of the Primrose League, took place on Wednesday afternoon last in the beautiful grounds of Hillingdon Court, kindly lent by the Hon. Algernon Mills, and the evert may be described as in every way a success. A more charming spot for holding a fête of this kind could scarely be selected, and the weather was brilliant. It transpired that the arrangements for the afternoon's programme had been in a great measure suggested and carried out by Lady Mary Mills, and this being the case it was satisfactory for the large company who assembled at the meeting that was called together towards the close of the proceedings, to hear graceful compliments paid to Lady Mary, not only by Mr. C. Roberts, the Deputy Ruling Counciller of the Habitation, but by Lord Claud Hamilton, for the kind and active interest she had evinced in the event. Other necessary arrangements were very ably superintended by officers of the Habitation, aided by the Hon. Secretary, Mr. B. T. Gales. The company present included the Hon. Algernon Mills, Ruling Councillor of the Habitation, Lady Mary Mills, Lord Claud Hamilton, Lord Chesterfield, the Countess Stradbroke, [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|the Hon. Algernon and Mrs. Bourke]], Sir Charles and Lady Cox, Mr. and Mrs. Wemyss, Mr. H. R. Cos, Mr. F. H. Deane and the Misses Deane, Mr. and Mrs. B. H. W. Way and Miss Way, General and the Misses Swanston, General Stanton, Mrs. B. C. Stephenson and party, Miss Clarke (Swakeleys), Mrs. C Grenfell, Mr. and Miss Roberts, Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Hibbert, Mrs. Wakefield, Dr. and Mrs. Ferris, Mr. H. Bird, Mr. W. Avery Bird, Mr. and Mrs. S. S. Phillips and party, the Misses Duncombe, Mr. and the Misses Grimsdale, Mr. W. B. Harman [Herman?], Mr. G. Woolls, the Rev. J. H. Thomas, T. W. James, and T. M Everett. The amusements provided during the afternoon included selections of music by members of the Uxbridge and Hillingdon Band, a very interesting entertainment of performing dogs, under the direction of Mr. Hotime, pleasing vocal and instrumental performances by the Meier Family, and several selections of comic melodies by experienced artistes, the latter of whom appeared upon a prettily decorated stage. The piano, by the way, which was used in the accompaniments, was supplied by Mrs. Willis, of Uxbridge. Tea and other refreshments were provided, and the majority of the company availed themselves of the opportunity of partaking of the refreshing beverage. Satislaction was expressed on all sides with the general success of the occasion, which certainly passed off in a manner which could not fail to please everyone present. Shortly after five o'clock the company assembled in front of a platform or stage to hear some brief addresses on political subjects. The chair was taken by the Hon. Algernon Mills, who was accompanied by Lord Claud Hamilton, M.P., and Mr. C. Roberts, and, before the meeting closed, he was joined by Mr. F. D. Dixon-Hartland, M.P., whose arrival was greeted with cheers. Lord Claud Hamilton, who was briefly introduced by the Chairman, congratulated the Habitation, first upon the successful appearance of the meeting, and next upon the great addition to their ranks which had occurred within the past few days. He thought that although Uxbridge in past days was not distinguished for its Conservatism, there had been a marked change for the better during the past few years, and he thought that when the time once more arrived the voters of Uxbridge would again be found polling in the right direction. At the same time that be congratulated the people of that district upon what he found to be their efficient local organisation, he thought they might, as a party, congratulate themselves on the present position of the Unionist Government in Parliament. This was the close of the third Session of the present Government, and although there had been one or two bye-elections, on personal and other grounds, and they had lost a few seats, yet no impartial man could deny that at the present moment the Government of Lord Salisbury was far stronger in Parliament and in the estimation of the country at large than it had been at any time during the past three years, and there was throughout the Kingdom a firm and solemn determination on the part of most electors to support end to cement the union between the Conservative party and the section of the Liberal party called Liberal Unionists. While such a feeling existed he thought that the present Government might certainly be regarded as strong. He must confess, however, that he felt sorry on taking up the morning paper that day to see that an old and personal friend, and one whom he admired, had been once again coming forward somewhat in the nature of a disturber of the public peace. He had read two speeches in the paper that day, one by Mr. A. Balfour, the other by the great politician, Lord Randolph Churchill, and in regard to the latter he was at first really unable to define what he was driving at in the remarks he made, and the policy which he attempted to unfold to his Birmingham audience, for he did not commence with a straight hit, but by side-hitting and numerous other modes of attack endeavoured to make out to his hearers that nearly everything connected with the foreign policy of Lord Salisbury was wrong, and that a great deal of the policy of Mr. Balfour in Ireland was also wrong. Having reviewed and criticised Lord Randolph's remarks in reference to foreign policy, he proceeded to deal with his observations having reference to the action of the Government in regard to Ireland, and, in this matter, confessed that he was always sorry when he heard an old friend talk undignified nonsense on a public platform, for although his lordship said a good deal that was wise and sensible, he showed his total ignorance of the present circumstances existing in regard to Ireland, and, above all, his ignorance of the Irish character. Then Lord Randolph Churchill also appeared to feel that he ought to have seat in Birmingham. Now, his hearers were doubtless very well acquainted with an interesting suburban town called Brentford. He did not think that a town like Brentford was large enough for two kings, and Birmingham was not large enough for two kings; and if two men of the calibre of Mr. Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Randolph Churchill both occupied seats for Birmingham, he did not think that it could be done without some trouble occurring in the future. After some further remarks on general political policy, his lordship concluded by once more congratulating the local Habitation of the Primrose League on the success of that day's proceedings. Mr. Dixon-Hartland, M.P., who was received with much applause, remarked, at the outset, having reference to the observations he had heard made by Lord Claud Hamilton, that he regretted Lord Randolph Churchill had spoken as he had done during the last few days. He was one or those who had watched Lord Randolph Churchill's career with great interest for a long time, and he felt that the Conservative party owed much to him. In 1880, when the fortunes of the party seemed at a low ebb, a force and courage was given to it by the way in which Lord Randolph Churchill attacked the Radical ministry that were then in power. He did good work for the Party, and that way one of the causes why Lord Salisbury was in power at the present time. However, much as he (the speaker) admired his lordship's courage and valuable work in the past, that did not blind him to what the noble lord was doing now, and the doctrines which he had recently been preaching at Walsall and at Birmingham were not Tory but socialistic doctrines. The question of doing away with rents wherever they existed, without compensation, was one that would never be accepted by the Tory party, and if Lord Randolph Churchill was going to pin his faith to a flag of that kind he would have to join the other side, for the Conservatives would not consent to it. The speaker then remarked upon the progress of the measure in reference to the Royal Grants. He remarked that last week there were few people whose hearts were not moved with the idea of the marriage of the daughter of our future king. There could be no doubt that the marriage was a thoroughly popular one with the English people, for it reminded us of the olden times, when our Kings came forward and gave their daughters in marriage to English noblemen; and the majority of people in England to-day thought our noblemen were quite as good as German princelings. (Loud applause.) English people were glad to see a return to the old state of things, for it was a custom which created another tie between the people and the Throne of England. (Hear, hear.) In Parliament most unworthy, ungenerous, and he might say, improper means had been taken to try and divide the vote for sums of money necessary to keep up the dignity of the Royal Family. For his own part he did not think that if England were polled the people of this country would be so mean as not to keep up the dignity of their Royal Family. It was a question which concerned the country more than was generally contemplated, for, in his opinion, anything that we paid to the Queen and for properly maintaining the Royal dignity was small, considering the great benefits that we received. The benefits he referred to had been bestowed upon the English people by the very constitutional way in which the queen had performed the duties of her high office, and had that not been the case we in England would not have been in the state of prosperity which might now be ascribed to us as a country, and that would have affected every man, woman and child he then saw before hm. We were told we were being unduly taxed, but, after all, what was it that was paid for the Royal Family. He submitted that at the present moment the whole of the sum annually paid amounted to rather less than one penny per head of the whole population, and it would be somewhere about one penny if the proposed grant were made. We were better off in this respect than the people of America, who paid a vast amount of money annually to Congressmen and Senators — a great deal more than we paid our queen, while, it must be remembered, the services of members of the House of Lords and House of Commons were gratuitous. We must look at the details of these things, view the question in a general, and at the same time in a common sense, way, and it would be seen that in these matters we were more lightly taxed than any country in Europe or any couuntry in the New World. Referring to the past Session of Parliament, the speaker said it had been remarkable for the breaking-up, so to speak, of the power of Mr. Gladstone over the Radical portion of his supporters; and in this respect it might be mentioned that Mr. Gladstone had come forward to say he would do what was right in regard to the royal grants. Then there was another point that might be referred to, and that was the breaking up of the Irish party, who not only felt that Mr. Bal- '''[Col. 1c–2a]''' four's government was enticing the ground from under their feet, but were also becoming aware of the fact that money was not coming in in the way it used to do. Mr. Diller had been making a tour in Australian colonies; and the general conclusion to be arrived at was that all these showed how strong and good was the government of Lord Salisbury. (Hear, hear.) The speaker then proceeded to remark that while the effect of Lord Salisbury's government was manifestly beneficial, there were apart from the influence of our own administration, signs of trouble among foreign nations, and that all this should cause the fact to be more firmly impressed upon the English mind that we should have a strong and stable government, and it behoved all in this country to do everything in their power to support the same. In conclusion, he wished to say that he was very pleased they had had such a pleasant afternoon, and he was sure they must one and all feel indebted to the Hon. Algernon Mills for the use of his grounds on the occasion. (Hear, hear.) He must remember, however, that on such occasions as that they did not assemble for the sole purpose of hearing speeches, and certainly not long speeches, and he would therefore conclude his remarks, but before doing so he wished to say that he hoped that year by year Primrose gatherings would be held in the neighbourhood of Uxbridge, and that that Habitation, and others, would continue to prosper, for there was no doubt that such societies brought all classes together, they were cemented in one bond, and where that was the case there was very little chance of the Radicals gaining any power. There was yet one other matter which he wished very briefly to refer to before he resumed his seat. He had been told lately that there had been a report in circulation to the effect that he had some thought of relinquishing his seat in Parliament as a representative of that Division. All he could say was that he considered it the greatest honour to represent a Division in the county of Middlesex, and that be was quite content with the Division he had the great honour to represent at the present time. So long as they in that Division were willing to have him, he was most willing to stick to them, and he hoped that he might be their member for many years to come, and have the pleasure of continuing to come amongst them, knowing that he was in the midst of friends. (Loud and continued cheering.) Mr. C. Roberts, who was greeted with every manifestation of popularity, then came forward for the purpose of proposing a vote of thanks to the Hon. Algernon Mills and Lady Mary Mills for their kindness in allowing the fête to take place in the beautiful grounds of Hillingdon Court. It was evident that they had the good of the cause at heart, and the fact of such support brought a great many recruits under the Primrose League standard. It was satisfactory for him to be able to state that during a very short period they had received the names of 100 recruits. Such rapid strides as that would not be made but for gatherings of that kind, which benefitted the Primrose League movement very much throughout the country; and it was undoubtedly productive of a great deal of good when the gentry opened their parks in this way, as had been the case during late years, for it brought all classes of society together, and refuted the argument that the Tories were composed of the "swells" of society, and would have nothing whatever to do with those who occupied a more humble position in life. (Hear, hear.) Such a statement as that was, of course, a great error, and they of the Primrose League, whether they belonged to the upper or the middle class, knew full well that so long as people conducted themselves the League was open to all who were of that political opinion, and that whenever there was a fête of that kind there was no distinction of persons whatever, all were perfectly free to attend the meeting, and there was certainly no idea of setting class against class. He could not help remarking that the Primrose League in that district had a most able representative in Lady Mary Mills. The whole of the entertainments on that occasion had been organised by her, and, the event having taken place in such fine weather, and those present having been so extremely well entertained, the entire proceedings might be fittingly described as a great success, and he thought it would for a fitting close to such an enjoyable occasion if a hearty vote of thanks were passed to the Hon. Algernon MiIls and Lady Mary Mills for their kindness in entertaining such a large company that afternoon. (Applause.) He did not think that such a proposal needed a seconder, and therefore he called upon all who approved of it to signify the same in the usual way. Prolonged applause was the answer to this invitation for an expression of opinion, and one enthusiastic visitor called for cheers for Lady Mary Mills, which were promptly given. The Hon. Algernon Mills replied in appropriate terms, and remarked that whatever gratification had been derived from the proceedings of that afternoon was due to the arrangements which had been entirely carried out by his wife, for he, owing to having been engaged in business matters, had been unable to devote much attention to it. All he could say was that he hoped it would not be the last meeting of the kind that would take place there. (Loud applause.)<ref>"Uxbridge Habitation of the Primrose League. Fete at Hillingdon Court." ''Uxbridge & W. Drayton Gazette'' 3 August 1889, Saturday: 8 [of 8], Col. 1a–2b [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002284/18890803/126/0008. Print: ''Buckinghamshire Advertiser, Uxbridge, Harrow and Watford Journal'', p. 8.</ref> </blockquote> ==August 1889== ===6 August 1889, Tuesday=== "The Savoy Hotel on the Thames Embankment opened by a company, 6 August 1889; the directors included the earl of Lathom, Mr. R. D'Oyly Carte, and sir Arthur Sullivan" (Hayden's Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information Relating to All Ages. Ed., Benjamin Vincent. 23rd Edition, Containing the History of the World to the End of 1903. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1904. Page 1105. Google Books, retrieved 23 February 2010.) ===15 August 1889, Thursday=== [[Social Victorians/Pleydell-Bouverie Skelmersdale Wedding|Pleydell-Bouverie Skelmersdale Wedding]] ===26 August 1889, Monday=== Summer Bank Holiday. ===30 August 1889, Friday=== "The American house of Lippincott's, based in Philadelphia, had sent one of their men, J.M. Stoddart, over to England to search out some new talent. Lippincott's published a monthly magazine in both countries, and their policy was to include a complete story in each number. Stoddart called upon James Payn, editor of The Cornhill, and Payn recommended him to try Dr. Conan Doyle of Southsea. The result was the celebrated dinner for four at the Langham Hotel, Portland Place with Stoddart, Doyle, Oscar Wilde, and an Irish MP called Gill. ... Dr Doyle has left on record his impressions of Wilde" (Stavert 148). For Lippincott's Doyle wrote A Study in Scarlet, which has "a character patterned after Oscar Wilde, and the Langdon Hotel gets a mention" (Stavert 149). Stoddart was looking for novels Doyle's A Study in Scarlet was published in the February 1890 number, and Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray in the July 1890 one. ===30 August 1889, Friday=== W. A. Ayton and Anne Ayton were initiated into the Inner Order of the Golden Dawn (Gilbert 86 140). ==September 1889== ==October 1889== In October 1889, Jack the Ripper's signature and some vandalism in the form of drawings and commentary shows up in the guest book for the Lizard Hotel, Lizard Point, Cornwall (Cornwell 283). ===31 October 1889, Thursday=== Halloween. ==November 1889== ===5 November 1889, Tuesday=== Guy Fawkes Day ===13 November 1889, Wednesday=== According to the ''Morning Post'' (2 January 1890), there was a disturbance during a performance of ''The Gold Craze'' at the Royal Princess's Theatre: <quote>The Marquis de Leuville appeared yesterday at Marlborough-street Police-court, to answer a summons obtained by Mr. H. Cummings for inciting persons to create a riot at the Royal Princess's Theatre on November 13. Mr. Geoghegan stated the case for the complainant, and examined Thomas Vincent Kiely, who said that the Marquis had given him money to engage men to hiss and make a disturbance at the performance of "The Gold Craze" at the Princess's, in which the Baron de Fleurville was upposed by defendant to be [col. E/F] intended for himself. The hearing was adjourned.</quote><cite>"London, Thursday, January 2, 1890." The Morning Post, 2 January 1890 (No. 36,676): page 4 Cols. #-F.</cite> ==December 1889== ===7 December 1889, Saturday=== Gilbert and Sullivan's ''The Gondoliers, Or the King of Barataria'' opened at the Savoy. ===17 December 1889, Tuesday=== [[Dangan-Neville Wedding|The Wedding of Lord Dangan and Lady Violet Nevill]] ===25 December 1889, Wednesday=== Christmas Day ===26 December 1889, Thursday=== Boxing Day "Mr. F. J. Horniman's museum at Forest-Hill was open to the public on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday in Christmas week, and about 4500 persons of all classes availed themselves of the privilege of inspecting the various objects of interest and the magnificent collection of natural history and art specimens." (Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, January 04, 1890; pg. 6; Issue 2646, Col. B) ===27 December 1889, Friday=== Horniman Museum open, second day (Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, January 04, 1890; pg. 6; Issue 2646, Col. B). ===28 December 1889, Saturday=== Horniman Museum open, third day (Illustrated London News (London, England), Saturday, January 04, 1890; pg. 6; Issue 2646, Col. B). ===31 December 1889, Tuesday=== ==== Robert Browning's funeral in Westminster Abbey ==== Bret Harte attended.<ref>Nissen, Axel. ''Bret Harte: Prince and Pauper''. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2000: 216.</ref><blockquote>The mortal remains of Robert Browning, the great poet, were yesterday laid among the relics of other famous bards and writers in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey, with every appropriate demonstration of honour and regret for the departed. Among the attendant mourners were many of the great of the land and a host of others, whose reverence for the poet was shown by their demeanour.<ref>"Funeral of Robert Browning." The ''Morning Post'' 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): 4, Col. 6. ''British Newspaper Archive'' .</ref></blockquote>From later in the ''Morning Post'':<blockquote>With manifestations of sincere respect and fond remembrance the remains of Robert Browning were yesterday consigned to an honoured resting place in Westminster Abbey. The funeral procession, which included 10 mourning carriages, left the house in De Vere-gardens, Kensington, soon after eleven o'clock, and reached Westminster Abbey just after the hour of noon had struck. Long before that time the choir and transepts reserved for mourners and friends were full, with the exception of a few seats under the Lantern set apart for the relatives and pall-bearers. The north transcept and a portion of the nave were crowded with the general public. Gloom and mist pervaded the Abbey, rendering the use of artificial light imperative. Tall tapers were burning upon the footpace before the undraped altar, and the seven-branched candelabra at the entrance of the sacrarium shed a flickering light within. In the uncertain light it was difficult to discern and identify the occupants of the choir and transepts, but now and again some well-known representative of art and letters could be recognised passing to his allotted seat. Just before noon the Dean, Canons Prothero, Duckworth, Westcott, and Fruse, Minor Canons Troutbeck and Cheadle, and the choir assembled at the western entrance of the nave in readiness to meet the body. Some 10 minutes afterwards the solemn and familiar strains of Croft and Purcell's music indicated that the Burial Service had commenced, and, with slow and measured steps the long procession passed up the nave into the choir, where choir and clergy took their places in the stalls. The coffin, covered with a violet-coloured pall, upon which were placed two floral wreaths and a cross of violets, was placed upon trestles in the open space under the Lantern where the lectern usually stands. The pall-bearers, ranged on either side, were the Hon. Hallam Tennyson, Dr. Butler, Sir Fitzjames Stephen, Sir Theodore Martin, Archdeacon Farrar, Professor Masson, Professor Jowett, Sir Frederick Leighton, Sir James Paget, Sir George Grove, Mr. G. M. Smith, and Professor Knight. [new paragraph] When the mourners had taken their places, the Burian Service proceeded in the usual manner, the 90th Psalm being chanted to Purcell's setting, while the Dean read the Lesson from his stall. The anthem or hymn which is usually interpolated between the two sections of the service was yesterday preceded by a "Meditation," in which some touching verses by Elizabeth Barrett Browning were set to equally touching music by Dr. Bridge. Rendered by the choir with excellent skill and reverent feeling, this interlude formed the most striking feature in the whole service. The anthem which followed was Wesley's, "All go to one place; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again." At its conclusion the procession reformed, and the coffin, preceded by clergy and choir, passed through the south transept to the familiar Poets' Corner, where, at the foot of Chaucer's tomb, the grave had been dug. On the wall above, suspended from Cowley's monument, was a noble wreath of laurel, bound by a broad ribbon of white silk bearing the name of the poet in golden lettering, the memorial tribute of the Municipality of Venice. The final prayers at the graveside were said by the Dean, and the service fitly closed with Dr. Watts's hymn, "O God, our help in ages past," to the time-honoured tune, "St. Anne," which was very generally taken up by the congregation. As the Dean was reading the touching prayer of committal, the rays of the winter sun glinted through the Te Deum window in the transept, shedding rainbow hues on wall and pillar, and partially dismissing the prevailing gloom. Then the strains of the Dead March pealed forth from the organ, clergy and choir retired, and friends pressed forward to take a farewell glance. [new paragraph] Among them were noticed the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Earl of Pembroke, the Earl of Rosebery, Bishop Barry, the Dean of Windsor, Sir Arthur Sullivan, Sir Lyon Playfair, M.P., Captain Walter Campbell (representing the Queen), Mr. Stuart-Wortley, M.P., Mr. Mundella, M.P., Mr. Leonard Courtney, M.P., the Hon. and Rev. E. Carr Glyn, Dr. Martineau, Canon Benham, Mr. Alma Tadema, Mr. Lecky, Mr. Oscar Wilde, and Mr. Huxley (representing his father). The relatives and immediate friends were Mr. and Mrs. R. Browning, Mr. Octavius Moulton Barrett, Mr. George Moulton Barrett, Captain Charles Moulton Barrett, Mr. Henry Moulton Barrett, M. Dourlane, Miss Christine Browning, Captain Altham, Rev. Mr. Altham, Sir James Carmichael, and Miss Carmichael. Wreaths of exquisite beauty and in almost countless numbers were sent from friends far and near, and many of them bore touching inscriptions, as for instance, that of Sir F. Leighton, "In remembrance of 36 years' friendship." Among others may be mentioned Lord Tennyson, Earl and Countess Brownlow, Lord Vernon, Lord and Lady Edmond Fitzmaurice, Lady Lindsay, Lady Martin, Sir Henry Thompson, Sir John Millais, Miss Cobbe, Mrs. Jeune, Mr. and Mrs. Alma Tadema, Mr. and Mrs. Whistler, Mr. and Mrs. Cyril Flower, Mr. Henry Irving, Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft, and the Browning Society. The coffin, made in Venice, was of yellow pine, designed somewhat in the modern casket form, and bore the simple inscription, "Robert Browning, born May 7, 1812, died December 12, 1889."<ref>"Funeral of Robert Browning." The ''Morning Post'' 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): 5, Col. 6. ''British Newspaper Archive'' .</ref></blockquote>Professor Rücker's lecture on electricity:<blockquote>At the Royal Institution, Albemarle-street, yesterday afternoon, Professor Rücker delivered the second of his course of six simplified lectures on electricity. The theatre was again well filled. Before taking up the threads of his subject at the point where they were broken off last Saturday, the lecturer briefly recapitulated the remarks made on that occasion relative to the subject of the "lines of force."<ref name=":0">"Lectures on Electricity." The ''Morning Post'' 1 January 1890 (No. 36,675): 6, Col. 3. British Newspaper Archive .</ref></blockquote>The rest of the report describes the experiment used to demonstrate the answers to particular questions about electricity. The report ends with this sentence: "The third lecture takes place to-morrow," i.e., 1 January 1890.<ref name=":0" /> ==Works Cited== *Bernstein, Susan David. "Radical Readers at the British Museum: Eleanor Marx, Clementina Black, Amy Levy." Nineteenth-Century Gender Studies 3.2 (Summer 2007): http://ncgsjournal.com/issue32/bernstein.htm. *(Hayden's Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information Relating to All Ages. Ed., Benjamin Vincent. 23rd Edition, Containing the History of the World to the End of 1903. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1904. Page 1105. Google Books, retrieved 23 February 2010.) <references /> 7znj9zdt4d5rg8oyddkvrytpaohaxw9 0 264954 2720038 2719981 2025-06-29T17:09:25Z Scogdill 1331941 2720038 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Also Known As== * Family name: Wellesley * Earl Cowley (created in 1857) ** Henry Richard Charles Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley (1857 – 15 July 1884) ** William Henry Wellesley, 2nd Earl Cowley (15 July 1884 – 28 February 1895)<ref name=":0">"William Henry Wellesley, 2nd Earl Cowley." ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe''. Person page 1093: https://www.thepeerage.com/p1093.htm#i10927.</ref> ** Henry Arthur Mornington Wellesley, 3rd Earl Cowley (1895 – 1919) * Viscount Dangan (a subsidiary title of the Earl of Cowley ** William Henry Wellesley (– 15 July 1884)<ref name=":0" /> ** Henry Arthur Mornington Wellesley, Earl Cowley (15 July 1884 – 1895)<ref name=":2">"Henry Wellesley, 3rd Earl Cowley." ''Wikipedia'' (28 May 2025) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Wellesley,_3rd_Earl_Cowley.</ref> ==Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies== ==Timeline== '''1888''', Henry Wellesley, Viscount Dangan was sued for breach of promise by actor and dancer Phyllis Broughton, who was a "Gaiety Girl" (performers at the Gaiety Theatre known for their stylishness and respectability).<ref name=":2" /> '''1889 December 17, Tuesday''', Henry Wellesley, [[Dangan-Neville Wedding|Viscount Dangan and Lady Violet Nevill married]]. '''1897 February 2''', Lady Violet Nevill Wellesley, Viscountess Dangan divorced Henry Wellesley, Viscount Dangan for "misconduct."<ref name=":2" /> '''1905 December 14''', [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Stanley Wilson|Hon. Millicent Florence Eleanor Wilson]] and Henry Arthur Mornington Wellesley, 3rd Earl Cowley married in Colombo, Sri Lanka (then called Ceylon).<ref name=":1">"Hon. Millicent Florence Eleanor Wilson." {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2912.htm#i29114|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2021-09-19}} https://www.thepeerage.com/p2912.htm#i29114.</ref> Both had been married before. '''1912''', Hon. Millicent Wilson Wellesley divorced Henry Wellesley, "citing his 'desertion and misconduct with Mrs. G.C. Buxton.'"<ref name=":2" /> '''1914 January 19''', Clare Florence Mary (née Stapleton) Buxton and Henry Wellesley, 3rd Earl Cowley married. Both had been married before.<ref name=":2" /> == Demographics == * Nationality: English ==Family== * Henry Richard Charles Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley (17 June 1804 – 15 July 1884) * Olivia Cecilia FitzGerald Wellesley (d. 1885) # William Henry Wellesley, Viscount Dangan and 2nd Earl Cowley (25 August 1834 – 28 February 1895) # Total 2 daughters and 3 sons # Lady Feodorowna Cecilia Wellesley (1838–1920) * William Henry Wellesley, Viscount Dangan and 2nd Earl Cowley (25 August 1834 – 28 February 1895)<ref name=":0" /> * Emily Gwendoline Williams (July 1839 – 9 November 1932)<ref>"Emily Gwendoline Williams." ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal families of Europe''. Person page 1123. https://www.thepeerage.com/p1123.htm#i11225.</ref> *# Lady Eva Cecilia Margaret Wellesley ( – 4 March 1948)<ref>"Lady Eva Cecilia Margaret Wellesley." ''The Peerage: A Genealogical Survey of the Peerage of Britain as well as the Royal Families of Europe''. Person page 1088. https://www.thepeerage.com/p1088.htm#i10875.</ref> *# Henry Arthur Mornington Wellesley, 3rd Earl Cowley (14 January 1866 – 15 January 1919)<ref name=":2" /> * Henry Arthur Mornington Wellesley (14 January 1866 – 15 January 1919) * Lady Violet Nevill () *# Christian Arthur Wellesley, 4th Earl Cowley (1890–1962) *[[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Stanley Wilson|Hon. Millicent Florence Eleanor Wilson]] (4 December 1872 – 29 November 1952)<ref name=":1" /> *#Hon. Henry Gerald Valerian Francis Wellesley (8 August 1907 – 25 December 1981) *Clare Florence Mary (née Stapleton) Buxton () *#Lady Diana Mary Wellesley (c. 1914 – 1984 *#Lady Cecilia Katherine Wellesley (1917–1952) ==Questions and Notes== ==Bibliography== * "Earl Cowley." Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Cowley (Accessed 2015). * "Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley." Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Wellesley,_1st_Earl_Cowley (Accessed 2015). <references /> kza5rvqngvdfs9ttxgrbonjwxjtqx4z 14 275798 2720076 2297731 2025-06-30T00:27:33Z 31.57.219.127 e 2720076 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:{{BASEPAGENAME}}]] ÁáǎĈďĒģÌ 566qmfhegfuzc80mh1o8f4gagl2ou1y 2720078 2720076 2025-06-30T02:57:30Z MathXplore 2888076 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/31.57.219.127|31.57.219.127]] ([[User_talk:31.57.219.127|talk]]) to last version by [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] using [[Wikiversity:Rollback|rollback]] 2297731 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:{{BASEPAGENAME}}]] pu4gn9jsdrow2ejqauhuyuxjtl5rply 0 294787 2720011 2718420 2025-06-29T13:45:55Z Gavin R Putland 2838145 Added illustrations, with consequent editing of text. Deleted suggestion that Kepler read only the first part of Benedetti's book. 2720011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Article info | first = Gavin R. | last = Putland | orcid = 0000-0003-4757-6341 | et_al = <!-- if there are >9 authors, hyperlink to the list here --> | correspondence = [[w:Special:EmailUser/Gavin_R_Putland|Contact form]] | journal = WikiJournal of Science | abstract = The "cathetus rule" in optics alleges that the image of an object-point, formed by reflection or refraction at a surface, lies on the perpendicular ("cathetus") from the object-point to or through the surface. The first known statement of the rule, attributed to Euclid, was for a plane or spherical mirror. The rule was extended to refraction by Ptolemy and to cylindrical and conical mirrors by Ibn al-Haytham, and was upheld by Witelo. But the first valid proofs involving lines of sight other than the cathetus itself were published by Benedetti as late as 1585, for binocular vision, for two special cases: (i) a plane mirror, and (ii) a concave or convex spherical mirror with the two points of reflection (one for each eye) equidistant from the cathetus. Benedetti also gave the first explicit counterexamples to the rule—for a concave or convex spherical mirror with the eyes in the same plane of reflection. Kepler, in 1604, used more general lines of sight than Benedetti, improved on Benedetti's counterexample for the convex spherical mirror, gave the first counterexample for refraction, salvaged the rule for reflection or refraction in a plane or spherical surface subject to appropriate symmetry in the placement of the eyes, offered the first rebuttals of the received rational arguments for the rule, and did all this in a systematic treatise on "the optical part of astronomy", which so eclipsed Benedetti's book that Kepler was universally credited with the first disproof-and-salvage of the cathetus rule until 2018, when Benedetti's priority was exposed by Goulding. Kepler notwithstanding, the rule was reaffirmed by Tacquet for plane and spherical mirrors, except for the case in which the rays converge toward a point behind the eye; this became known as the "Barrovian case" because it troubled Barrow, in spite of his modern concept of an image. Barrow demolished the cathetus rule for the tangential image except in the paraxial limit, and Newton salvaged it for the sagittal image. The rule then seems to fade from history. But the rule is equivalent to the assumption that the image is stigmatic and the cathetus well defined. This narrow assumption is approximately true in the first-order (paraxial, "Gaussian") analysis of lenses and mirrors; and unacknowledged applications of the ancient rule can indeed be discerned in modern expositions of that subject. Moreover, the validity of the rule for the sagittal image fills a critical gap in meridional ray-tracing through spherical surfaces: by tracing the chief ray from an off-axis object-point, then applying the cathetus rule to the successive surfaces, one can locate successive sagittal image-points on the chief ray (produced rectilinearly through surfaces as necessary), and hence assess astigmatism to leading order, without tracing any rays outside the meridional plane. | keywords = geometrical optics, Gaussian optics, history of optics, stigmatism, astigmatism, sagittal focus }} == Introduction: Undeniable implausibility == [[File:Convex mirror.png|thumb|300px|This modern diagram, for locating the image{{mvar| I}}&#8202; of an object-point{{mvar| O}}&#8202; in a convex spherical mirror whose center of curvature is{{mvar| C}}, happens to agree with the ancient cathetus rule. In this case the cathetus is {{mvar|OC&#8202;}} and the point of reflection is{{mvar| V}}.&#8201; According to the rule, the image is at the intersection of the line of sight (through the point of reflection) and the cathetus.]] The ''cathetus rule'', as it came to be called, is the ancient optical principle according to which the image of an object-point formed by a reflective or refractive surface lies at the intersection of the line of sight and the ''cathetus'', the latter being the perpendicular let fall from the object-point to the surface. The line of sight and&#10744;or the cathetus may be produced rectilinearly through the surface. In the earliest statements of the rule, but not all statements, the surface is assumed to be plane or spherical. If the premise that the image-point lies on the line of sight is taken as tautological, the rule reduces to the proposition that the image-point lies on the cathetus, but still carries the implication that the line of sight intersects the cathetus. The rule is easily distilled to an absurdity, especially if we drop the assumption that the surface is plane or spherical. <span id="active">Suppose that the image is seen in a part of the surface (which we shall call the ''active'' part) far removed from the cathetus.</span> If we now deform the surface in a small neighborhood of the cathetus so that the cathetus moves, does the image also move although the object and the observer and the active part of the surface do not? Or if, while preserving the active part, we damage another part of the surface so that there is no longer any cathetus, does the image disappear? For that matter, does the image disappear—even in a plane or spherical surface—if we merely cover the point on the surface where the cathetus falls? == History == === Euclid === In the oldest surviving source of the cathetus rule, namely the ''[[w:Catoptrics|Catoptrics]]'' traditionally attributed to [[w:Euclid|Euclid]], the last-mentioned absurdity seems to be not only tolerated as an implication, but relied upon as a premise, and even stated among the postulates at the outset: the 4th and 5th postulates, as paraphrased by [[w:A. Mark Smith|A.&#8239;Mark Smith]], state that in plane, convex spherical, and concave spherical mirrors, "if a perpendicular (the so-called cathetus) is dropped from an object to the mirror's surface, and if the point at which it meets that surface is covered, the object will no longer be seen."<ref>[[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], p.&#8239;56. For the original Greek and the Latin translation by Jean Pena, see [[#euclid-pena-1557|Euclid/Pena, 1557]], p.&#8239;35 in the Greek version, &amp; p.&#8239;45 in the Latin version. Smith evidently follows a different edition in numbering the offending postulates as 4 and 5; though I have small Greek and less Latin, I notice that Pena's edition divides the corresponding postulates into nos.&#8239;4,&#8239;5,&#8239;and 6, referring respectively to plane, convex spherical, and concave spherical mirrors.</ref> Euclid cites these postulates, together with the premise that the image lies on the line of sight (Postulate 2), to prove the cathetus rule for plane mirrors (Proposition 16), convex spherical mirrors (Proposition 17), and concave spherical mirrors (Proposition 18).<ref>See [[#euclid-pena-1557|Euclid/Pena, 1557]], p.&#8239;42 in the Greek &amp; pp.&#8239;55–6 in the Latin.</ref> <span id="takahashi-defense">[[w:Ken'ichi Takahashi|Ken'ichi Takahashi]] has suggested, in Euclid's defense, that the 4th and 5th postulates refer correctly to the case in which the observer looks along the cathetus, so that the line of sight is blocked by the object</span>,<ref>[[#takahashi-92|Takahashi, 1992]], pp.&#8239;20–26, cited by [[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], pp.&#8239;59–61, and by [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;500–501.</ref> or, I should add, by the observer's head, if it is between the object and the mirror. Under that interpretation, the cathetus rule seems to be based on the reasonable premise that the image-point lies at the intersection of ''two'' lines of sight. But that does not explain why the cathetus (if it exists) must be one of them, or why all choices of the other should intersect the cathetus at the same point (if at all), or how we can speak of "the" image if they do not. Neither does any "two lines of sight" argument appear in subsequent ancient and medieval efforts to defend the rule (as we shall see). Nevertheless the rule is upheld as often as it is mentioned, for both reflection and refraction, by all optical writers until [[w:Giambattista Benedetti|Benedetti]] (1585),<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]].</ref> and by all better-known ones until Kepler.<ref>[[#darrigol-12|Darrigol, 2012]], pp.&#8239;26–7.</ref> [[w:Johannes Kepler|Johannes Kepler]], in the third chapter of his ''Paralipomena'' (1604), initially interprets Euclid's premise in the more literal, absurd manner, and duly dismisses it. Supposing that ''C''&#8202; is the foot of the cathetus from the object-point ''A'',&#8239; Kepler says of Euclid: <blockquote>That the place of the image of the object ''A'' is on ''AC''&#8202; he proves thus: "For," he says, "when the position ''C''&#8202; of the mirror is taken, upon which the perpendicular falls, the visible object ''A'' is no longer seen." If by "taken" you understand "occupied" (that is, that the position ''C''&#8202; is covered), the axiom is false…<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;73. In the quotation, which appears in italics in the original edition ([[#kepler-1604|Kepler, 1604]], p.&#8239;56), Kepler may be translating from Greek, or paraphrasing, rather than quoting from Latin; ''cf''. [[#euclid-pena-1557|Euclid/Pena, 1557]], p.&#8239;42 in the Greek &amp; p.&#8239;55 in the Latin.</ref> </blockquote> Kepler offers Euclid a lifeline but cannot save him: <blockquote>Let us now grant that Euclid's axiom is to be understood differently, so as to state that if the observer were situated at ''A''&#8201; and ''C''&#8202; were covered, then ''A'' would not be seen. Then the axiom is perfectly true, but the conclusion does not follow from it, except for perpendicular viewing. The argument does not carry over from a perpendicular to an oblique observer.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;74.</ref> </blockquote> Kepler's lifeline is not as general as Takahashi's; but even if it were, the argument would still "not carry over" to an oblique viewer, in as much as it would not explain the distance of the perceived image along a ''single'' line of sight. In Euclid's Postulate 4 and Proposition 16, the Greek ''káthetos'' is rendered in Latin as ''perpendicularis''&#8202; by at least three translators,<ref>[[#euclid-pena-1557|Euclid/Pena, 1557]], pp.&#8239;45 &amp; 55 in the Latin; [[#euclid-dasypodius-1557|Euclid/Dasypodius, 1557]] (unnumbered pages); [[#euclid-heiberg-1895|Euclid/Heiberg, 1895]], pp.&#8239;286–7,&#8239;312–13.</ref> whereas Postulate 5 and Propositions 17 and 18 refer to the cathetus not by any name, but as the line drawn to the center of the sphere. === Ptolemy === When interpreting the authorities on geometrical optics before 1000{{midsize|&#8239;CE}}, we must remember that they believed in visual rays emitted by the eye, so that the "incident" ray is from the eye, not from the object-point; the "cathetus of incidence", if it is mentioned, is therefore the perpendicular from the ''eye'' to the surface, while the perpendicular from the object-point to the surface, if it must be distinguished, may be called the cathetus of reflection or refraction. So it is with [[w:Ptolemy|Ptolemy]]'s ''Optics'', written some years after his ''[[w:Almagest|Almagest]]'', but known to us only through a 12th-century Latin translation of a now lost, incomplete Arabic translation;<ref>[[#smith-1996|Smith, 1996]], pp.&#8239;1–8; [[#lindberg-81|Lindberg, 1981]], p.&#8239;211.</ref> even the Latin version was not available to Kepler,<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;84, n.&#8239;34; [[#lohne-59|Lohne, 1959]], pp.&#8239;117-18.</ref> and not printed until 1885.<ref>[[#ptolemy-govi-1885|Ptolemy/Govi, 1885]].</ref> Ptolemy affirms the cathetus rule for reflection in a plane or spherical mirror, on the empirical ground that a thin rod standing perpendicularly on the reflecting surface appears aligned with its reflection<ref>[[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], p.&#8239;93.</ref> when "properly viewed outside the mirror."<ref>[[#smith-1996|Smith, 1996]], pp.&#8239;131–2.</ref> That premise is certainly true if the rod is viewed with one eye, due to the axial symmetry about the rod (the cathetus), implying a bilateral symmetry ("mirror symmetry") about the plane of the eye and the rod. But it proves only that the reflection is in that plane—not that it is necessarily collinear with the rod. Moving the eye around the rod does not prove anything more, because the said plane moves with the eye, so that the image, if not collinear with the rod, moves with the plane. Ptolemy then notes that the perpendicular to the surface at the point of reflection is in the plane of the line of sight and the cathetus,<ref>[[#smith-1996|Smith, 1996]], p.&#8239;132.</ref> which is indeed the case if we retain the symmetry. Thus he makes the cathetus rule the ''premise'' of an aspect of the law of reflection—an aspect that seems to have escaped his predecessors<ref>[[#smith-1996|Smith, 1996]], p.&#8239;36.</ref>— namely that the incident and reflected rays and the normal at the point of reflection are coplanar!<ref>''Cf''. [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;502.</ref> <span id="floating-coin">Later in his treatise, Ptolemy makes the corresponding aspect of the law of ''refraction'' dependent on the cathetus rule. As evidence for the latter, he cites the already old "floating coin" experiment,</span> in which a coin lying on the bottom of a tub and hidden by the rim is seemingly raised into view by filling the tub with water.<ref>[[#smith-1996|Smith, 1996]], pp.&#8239;230–31.</ref> He does not explain why the image should be raised precisely ''vertically'', as the cathetus rule requires—and as will seem to be confirmed in observations that tacitly exploit the axial symmetry. And although the cited experiment concerns a ''plane'' refracting surface, Ptolemy goes on to apply the rule to spherical refracting surfaces without further justification.<ref>[[#smith-1996|Smith, 1996]], pp.&#8239;252–3.</ref> In addition to these flawed empirical demonstrations of the rule, Ptolemy attempts a rational explanation, saying that the location of the image must be unique, and that "to any point on a given object there is one and only one cathetus, whereas any other line, being oblique with respect to this cathetus, is subject to numerous variations."<ref>Translated by Smith ([[#smith-1996|1996]], p.&#8239;138); cited by Goulding ([[#goulding-18|2018]], p.&#8239;503).</ref> There are at least two weaknesses in this argument. First, some qualification must be imposed on the image-point in order to ensure uniqueness; Ptolemy himself shows that for given positions of the object-point and the eye, a concave mirror can give multiple points of reflection, which, according to the cathetus rule, will give multiple image-points on a common cathetus.<ref>[[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], p.&#8239;102; [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;505''n''.</ref> Second, and more seriously, even if the image-point and the cathetus are both unique, that does not prove any other connection between the two! In the Latin text of Ptolemy's ''Optics'', which is already a translation of a translation, the cathetus is again called the ''perpendicularis''.<ref>[[#smith-1996|Smith, 1996]], pp.&#8239;287–8, 296. The word ''cathetus'' and the expressions ''cathetus of incidence'' and ''cathetus of reflection'' appear in Smith's English translation, and these terms together with ''cathetus of refraction'' appear in his annotations.</ref> <br /> The cathetus rule has been remarkably successful in spite of its lack of foundation. Its effectiveness for ''reflection''&#8202; is accidentally emphasized by one author who seems unfamiliar with it: the Syrian Christian polymath [[w:Qusta ibn Luqa|Qusṭā ibn Lūqā]] (820?–912?{{midsize|&#8239;CE}}). In only one case—that of a plane mirror—does he specify the location of a reflected image. To explain why (e.g.) the image in a convex mirror is diminished,<ref>[[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], pp.&#8239;170–71.</ref> Ibn&#8239;Lūqā compares the apparent extent of the image ''on the reflecting surface'' with that given by a plane mirror—whereas Euclid<ref>[[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], p.&#8239;61.</ref> and Ptolemy,<ref>[[#smith-1996|Smith, 1996]], pp.&#8239;165–9.</ref> aided by the cathetus rule, have correctly deduced not only that the image is diminished, but also that it is closer to the reflective surface than the object is, and that convex mirrors make the world look convex. By the end of the 10th century, however, Ptolemy's ''Optics'' has been translated into Arabic,<ref>[[#smith-1996|Smith, 1996]], p.&#8239;6.</ref> ready to be studied—and surpassed—by "the most significant figure in the history of optics between antiquity and the seventeenth century."<ref>[[#lindberg-81|Lindberg, 1981]], p.&#8239;58.</ref> === Alhacen === For Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥasan ("Alhacen") ibn al-Ḥasan [[w:Ibn al-Haytham|ibn al-Haytham]],{{efn|The original Latin spelling was ''Alhacen'', not the more familiar ''Alhazen'' ([[#lindberg-81|Lindberg, 1981]], pp.&#8239;209–10; [[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], p.&#8239;1).}} whose ''Book of Optics'' was written circa 1030{{midsize|&#8239;CE}},<ref>[[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], p.&#8239;182.</ref> the eye is not an emitter of visual rays, but a receiver of light rays.<ref>[[#darrigol-12|Darrigol, 2012]], pp.&#8239;17–18; [[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], pp.&#8239;184–6.</ref>{{efn|Although Alhacen's theory of vision was not the first ''intromission'' theory, it was apparently the first such theory incorporating the premise (first stated explicitly by [[w:al-Kindi|al-Kindī]] in the 9th century) that each visible spot on a luminous or illuminated body sends out ''light'' to be seen from wherever the eye happens to be, and consequently the first such theory that could be reconciled with a geometrical science of optics ([[#lindberg-81|Lindberg, 1981]], pp.&#8239;30,&#8239;58–60).}} Hence, in reflection or refraction, the "incident" ray is not from the eye, but from the object-point, and the "perpendicular of incidence" is dropped from the object-point, while the "line of sight" now coincides with the "line of reflection" or the "line of refraction". This reversal of direction does not affect the geometry and therefore does not of itself furnish any new arguments for the cathetus rule, although Alhacen offers many—some empirical and some rational, for both reflection<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], pp.&#8239;385–97.</ref> and refraction<ref>[[#smith-2010|Smith, 2010]], pp.&#8239;275–82.</ref>&#8202;—none of which is an exemplar of the rigor for which he is otherwise renowned. In the ''empirical'' category, for a plane mirror,<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], pp.&#8239;385–7.</ref> Alhacen recommends putting marks on Ptolemy's rod (but does not name Ptolemy here). Then he tries a cone instead of a rod, and invites us to imagine such a cone extended to the mirror from every point on the object. He notes that the same observations are true for convex spherical mirrors.<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], pp.&#8239;387–8.</ref> Conceding that they are ''not'' generally true for a convex cylindrical mirror, Alhacen claims that the cathetus rule is observed to hold for such a mirror if we concentrate on a single point on the object.<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;388.</ref> It seems to escape his notice that if the image of a point on a thin rod standing perpendicularly on the mirror does not align with the rod, then the line of reflection, when produced through the mirror, does not intersect the cathetus at all. Obviously, by symmetry, the image will appear to align with the rod if the plane of the eye and the rod contains the axis of the cylinder or is perpendicular thereto; and his experiments confirm these cases.<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], pp.&#8239;388–9.</ref> In intermediate cases, if the image of the tip of the rod is to fall on the cathetus, the line of sight and therefore the point of reflection must be in the plane of the eye and the cathetus, so that the point of reflection must be on the elliptical section of that cylinder by the plane—which is precisely what Alhacen claims,<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], pp.&#8239;389–91 (par.&#8239;2.15–18) and note 12 (p.&#8239;489), referring to figure 5.2 on p.&#8239;216 (other volume).</ref> without checking the requirement that the normal to the cylinder at this point is in the same plane (that of the incident and reflected rays), as he stipulates in his statement of the law of reflection.<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;300.</ref> After briefly claiming that the same procedure can be applied to convex conical mirrors, with the same results (!), Alhacen turns to concave spherical mirrors.<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], pp.&#8239;391–4.</ref> Fashion a right circular cone whose slant height is equal to the radius of curvature of the mirror, mark a "line of longitude" (generating line) on the cone, and mount the cone on the mirror, so that the apex of the cone is at the center of curvature of the mirror; then, he says, the cone and the line of longitude will appear to extend into the mirror. Next, having placed the apex at the center of curvature, mount a thin rod on the mirror so that its tip is between the apex and the mirror while the image of the tip is in front of the mirror; then the image will be nearer to the eye (note the singular) than the apex is, and you will be able to bring the tip, the apex, and the image into a single line of sight. Finally he claims that the cathetus rule holds for concave cylindrical and conical mirrors, by the same flawed reasoning as for their convex counterparts. In the account of the concave spherical mirror, modern readers will recognize the apparent continuation of the cone into the mirror as the virtual image of an object inside focus, and will recognize the image of the tip of the rod as the real image of an object-point between the focus and the center of curvature. Otherwise the above observations of Alhacen, in so far as they are correct, are trivial consequences of the axial symmetry of the surface about the cathetus or catheti; and in only one case—that in which we look along the cathetus, through the image of the rod-tip to the tip itself—does he establish that the image is on the cathetus and not merely in the plane of the cathetus and the eye. [[File:Optical refraction at water surface.jpg|thumb|258px|Modern version of Alhacen's first experiment purporting to prove the cathetus rule for refraction. The left-hand edge of the vertical ruler appears to continue vertically into the water, showing that the image of (say) the bottom-left corner of the ruler is in the plane of the cathetus (the left-hand edge) and the viewing position. Alhacen claims that the image-point is not only in this plane, but ''on'' the cathetus.]] For refraction, Alhacen rightly cites the [[#floating-coin|floating-coin experiment]] as proof that the image is displaced from the object.<ref>[[#smith-2010|Smith, 2010]], pp.&#8239;274–5.</ref> He then asserts the cathetus rule, and claims to prove it by a variant experiment in which a vertical diameter and a sloping diameter are marked on a vertical disk, which is immersed in water up to a point above the intersection (center of the disk), with the marked surface facing the eye (note the singular), which is best placed just above the water level. (The disk is not essential; e.g., the vertical diameter may be replaced by the left-hand edge of the ruler in the photograph, and the sloping diameter may be replaced by the top edge of the straw.) The vertical line then appears to continue vertically into the water, so that the point of intersection (the object-point) appears to lie on the continuation (the cathetus), while the sloping line appears to be kinked at the surface. Alhacen further recommends rotating the disk so as to interchange the roles of the two marked diameters.<ref>[[#smith-2010|Smith, 2010]], pp.&#8239;275–7.</ref> But again he fails to explain why the image is on the cathetus and not merely in the plane of the cathetus and the eye. This defect is not repaired by the next experiment (using the same disk, but no water), which is intended to interchange the places of the rare and dense media.<ref>[[#smith-2010|Smith, 2010]], pp.&#8239;277–80.</ref> A rectangular glass block, with its top and bottom faces horizontal, is affixed to the disk near the top, covering a portion of each marked diameter. The observer's eyes are positioned so that one eye is close to the top face of the block and sees both diameters through the block, while the other eye sees the intersection without refraction (bypassing the block). Then the former eye perceives the entire vertical diameter (the cathetus) as vertical and aligned with the portion seen by the other eye without refraction, although the two eyes see the intersection at different points on this diameter. Thus the image of the intersection, as seen by the former eye, appears to be on the cathetus. But again this appearance follows from the weaker condition that each eye perceives the vertical diameter (or the relevant part thereof) to be in the ''plane'' of that eye and the vertical diameter: as these planes intersect on the vertical diameter, that diameter must appear in its true alignment, even if the eyes disagree on the positions of its constituent points (only one of which—the intersection—looks different from the others). In the ''rational'' category, for reflection, Alhacen sets out to explain "why visible objects are perceived through reflection where the image is located and why the image lies on the normal from the visible object to the surface of the mirror."<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;394.</ref> On the latter question, he first says that we judge the distance of an image by comparing its angular size with its absolute size.<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;395.</ref> For the purpose of establishing the cathetus rule, by which we propose to locate points on images and thence determine absolute sizes of images, this is a circular argument. For plane mirrors, says Alhacen, "since the image does not appear on the surface of the mirror but behind it, it is more appropriate and reasonable for it to appear upon rather than outside the normal."<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;395; ''cf''. [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;504.</ref> Taking that as a ''premise'', he correctly locates the image. He adds that if the image were beyond or in front of the cathetus, then, since the image lies on the line of reflection, it would be further from or nearer to the eye and would therefore subtend a smaller or larger angle.<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;396.</ref> But in fact, according to the law of reflection, it would subtend the ''same'' angle because the line of reflection from each point on the object would be unchanged. Kepler raises another objection: Alhacen "says that when an image is perceived on the perpendicular, it has the proper magnitude belonging to the thing itself." But this magnitude, as Kepler notes, cannot be a necessary condition for the correct location of the image, because it does not hold for curved mirrors.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;75.</ref> For a convex mirror, Alhacen argues verbosely but validly that the image of the center of the eye (note the singular) must be on the cathetus due to symmetry. But then he extends the argument to the image of any other point on the eye, although the symmetry is broken in that the image is no longer ''seen'' along the cathetus; and he briefly claims that the same logic applies to a concave spherical mirror and to a concave or convex conical mirror,<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], pp.&#8239;396–7.</ref> although in the conical case, even the surface is not axially symmetrical about the cathetus. Just before the claim on concave and conical mirrors, Alhacen says in support of the cathetus rule: <blockquote id="alhacen-obj-img">The state of natural things is in accordance with the situation of their principles, and the principles of natural things are hidden.<ref>Quoted in translation by Goulding ([[#goulding-18|2018]], p.&#8239;505); ''cf''. [[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;397.</ref> </blockquote> "By these words he says two things," says Kepler. "First, he repeats the very thing that was proposed to prove (for they say nothing different), and second, he says by way of appending the cause, that it is hidden. But this is not demonstrating."<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;74–5.</ref> And just ''after'' the claim on concave and conical mirrors, Alhacen continues: <blockquote>And the place of the image will universally be on the perpendicular in any mirror, because there is no place outside the perpendicular in which the form maintains a likeness and identity of position.<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;505; ''cf''. [[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;397.</ref> </blockquote> Thus he seems to argue from the location of the thing seen to the location of the image; this mode of reasoning will reappear later. Broadening the attack, Kepler adds: "''But this fact further strongly confutes the Optical writers'', that they do not give the same cause of this matter in reflection as in refraction."<ref>Italics in the Latin ([[#kepler-1604|Kepler, 1604]], p.&#8239;58), not quite matching [[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;75.</ref> Indeed, in support of the cathetus rule for refraction, Alhacen apparently reasons that the motion of the light ray in the medium containing the object-point can be resolved into a component in the direction of the cathetus, and a component perpendicular thereto.<ref>[[#smith-2010|Smith, 2010]], pp.&#8239;280–82.</ref> An obvious weakness in that argument, if we credit it with any relevance at all (which Kepler does not, as we shall see), is that we can choose the former direction differently and still perform the resolution. Kepler also argues, somewhat cryptically, that refraction further weakens Alhacen's connection between image size and correct image location, in that the size-distance relation for refraction is different from that for reflection.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;76.</ref> On three pillars—the cathetus rule, the correct law of reflection, and an incomplete law of refraction—Alhacen builds a comprehensive and largely correct theory of image location, magnification, and distortion in seven types of mirrors,<ref>[[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], pp.&#8239;204–5.</ref> image location in plane and spherical refracting surfaces,<ref>[[#smith-2010|Smith, 2010]], chap.&#8239;5, par.&#8239;25–90 (p.&#8239;282ff).</ref> and magnification by spherical refracting surfaces.<ref>[[#smith-2010|Smith, 2010]], chap.&#8239;7.</ref> Taking the first pillar to imply that an object-point is perceived to lie on the cathetus from that point to the outer refracting surface of the ''eye'', he even offers an explanation why the eye perceives the direction of the object-point although light from that point strikes all points of the eye.<ref>[[#smith-2010|Smith, 2010]], pp.&#8239;303–4, par.&#8239;6.22–3. ''Cf''. [[#lindberg-81|Lindberg, 1981]], pp.&#8239;76–78. Remarkably, this is the only context in which Lindberg (1981) mentions the cathetus rule (which he states but does not name). More remarkably, he says that in general the rule "makes perfect sense, for it requires simply that the eye be unaware of the break in the ray… and therefore that it project the image backward along the incident ray" (p.&#8239;76). Apart from misidentifying the ray (an obvious and temporary slip), this explanation fails to explain ''how far'' the image should be projected back.</ref>{{efn|But Alhacen does not question the ancient, erroneous doctrine that the glacial humor (lens) is the sensitive part of the eye ([[#smith-2001|Smith, 2001]], p.&#8239;417, par.&#8239;2.1). Nor does he deduce (as he would in any other context) that the image-point lies behind the center of the eye (as it does), because that would give an inverted image (as it does), which apparently would imply that we see upside-down! Instead, he concludes that there must be a diverging refraction at the back surface of the glacial humor, so that the cathetal rays from the various object-points do not cross each other ([[#smith-2001|Smith, 2001]], pp.&#8239;419–20). ''Cf''. [[#lindberg-81|Lindberg, 1981]], pp.&#8239;76–78,&#8239;80–81.}} Yet neither he nor anyone before him has offered a firm foundation for that first pillar. [[File:Plane-mirror-opt-cropped.svg|thumb|300px|Location of the image{{mvar| P&prime;}} of an object-point{{mvar| P}}&#8202; in a plane mirror{{mvar| B}}.&#8201; In this special case the cathetus rule follows simply and rigorously from the law of reflection (although Ptolemy and Alhacen still cite the cathetus rule independently).]] <span id="ingredients">For the case of reflection in a plane mirror, however, the ''ingredients'' of a valid proof of the cathetus rule have been unwittingly served up by Ptolemy and Alhacen.</span> From the law of reflection ''and the cathetus rule'', Ptolemy proves that the image-point is as far behind the mirror as the object-point is in front.<ref>[[#smith-1996|Smith, 1996]], pp.&#8239;155–6 (Theorem {{serif|III}}.5), summarized in [[#darrigol-12|Darrigol, 2012]], pp.&#8239;13–14.</ref> If the cathetus rule is not assumed ''a&#8239;priori'', the same geometric argument simply shows that the reflected line of sight to the object-point, when produced from the eye through the mirror, intersects the cathetus as far behind the mirror as the object-point is in front (provided that the line of sight intersects the cathetus at all, as is obvious from the symmetry). By the generality of this line of sight, all such lines of sight intersect the cathetus at the same point, and therefore intersect each other at a common point—a ''[[w:Stigmatism|stigmatic]]'' image—which is ''on the cathetus''. But Ptolemy does not package the argument that way. Nor does Alhacen, who again shows that the line of sight intersects the cathetus as far behind the mirror as the image-point is in front.<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;399 (pars.&#8239;2.47–8 in Prop.&#8239;4).</ref> === The three friars === In the West, as [[w:David C. Lindberg|David C. Lindberg]] explains, <blockquote>the character of the twelfth-century revival of learning was dramatically transformed by a flood of translations from both Greek and Arabic; what was at first chiefly an intensification of interest in ancient Latin sources became a quest for new knowledge, previously unavailable in the West.&#8239;… In optics, …&#8239;it was not until the middle of the thirteenth century that the full corpus of Greek and Arabic works on the subject was at hand in the major European centers of learning, able to shape (and indeed revolutionize) the thought of Western scholars.<ref>[[#lindberg-81|Lindberg, 1981]], pp.&#8239;102–3.</ref> </blockquote> Foremost in the "corpus" is Alhacen's ''Book of Optics'', translated into Latin circa 1200 as ''De&nbsp;Aspectibus''. This is the main source, but not the only source, for the three leading Western "perspectivist"<ref>The term was coined by Lindberg ([[#lindberg-81|1981]], p.&#8239;251, n.&#8239;1) from the late medieval Latin equivalent.</ref> works, namely * [[w:Roger Bacon|Roger Bacon]]'s ''Perspectiva'', written circa 1263, and dispatched to the papal court as part 5 of his ''Opus Majus'' in 1267 or 1268, * [[w:Vitello|Witelo]]'s ''Perspectiva'', written at the papal court, probably in the first half of the 1270s, and * [[w:John Peckham|John Pecham]]'s ''Perspectiva Communis'', probably written at the papal court in the late 1270s, just before the author's appointment as Archbishop of Canterbury.<ref>[[#lindberg-71|Lindberg, 1971]], pp.&#8239;68–9,&#8239;71 (on Bacon), pp.&#8239;72–3 (on Witelo), pp.&#8239;82–3 (on Pecham).</ref> Bacon, according to Lindberg, is the first Western optical writer to cite Ptolemy's ''Optics'', and only the third to use Alhacen's ''De&nbsp;Aspectibus''.<ref>[[#lindberg-81|Lindberg, 1981]], p.&#8239;253, n.&#8239;28.</ref> He also draws on Euclid's ''Catoptrics'' in a circular attempt to establish the cathetus rule, which he then applies in selected cases.<ref>[[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], pp.&#8239;267–8.</ref> Thus he becomes, as far as I have noticed in this brief inquiry, the first author to use the Latin term ''cathetus'' in the optical sense—mostly in the phrase ''cum catheto'' ("with the cathetus").<ref>[[#bacon-combach-1614|Bacon/Combach, 1614]], is digitally searchable.</ref> Witelo is clearly familiar with Bacon's work, presumably through the patronage of the papal confessor (and prolific translator of ancient Greek treatises), [[w:William of Moerbeke|William of Moerbeke]].<ref>[[#lindberg-71|Lindberg, 1971]], pp.&#8239;72–5.</ref> But, whereas Bacon summarizes ''De&nbsp;Aspectibus'', Witelo expands on it, incorporating material from Euclid, [[w:Hero of Alexandria|Hero of Alexandria]], Ptolemy, al-Kindī, Alhacen's treatise on parabolic burning mirrors, and [[w:Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani|Ibn&#8239;Mu‘ādh]]'s essay on twilight, rearranging the content with a mathematical introduction and a consistent theorem-and-proof format—suitable for a textbook or reference—and adding a theological prolog for a Roman Catholic readership.<ref>[[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], pp.&#8239;273–5; [[#unguru-72|Unguru, 1972]].</ref> And whereas the Latin text of Alhacen's ''De&nbsp;Aspectibus'' does not seem to contain the word ''cathetus'' or any inflected form thereof (although ''perpendicularis'' and ''perpendiculari'' are ubiquitous), Witelo's ''Perspectiva'' uses that word in some form more than 150 times, including at least 19 occurrences of ''cum catheto''.<ref>[[#risner-1572|Risner, 1572]], is digitally searchable.</ref> Pecham also is clearly familiar with Bacon's work, probably through personal acquaintance, both men having joined the [[w:Franciscans|Franciscan]] order at Oxford in the 1250s and been resident at the Franciscan convent in Paris in the 1260s.<ref>[[#lindberg-71|Lindberg, 1971]], pp.&#8239;75–7.</ref>{{efn|Witelo, according to various modern sources, was also a friar; but I have not been able to establish the order to which he belonged, or whether this is known. Moerbeke was a [[w:Dominican Order|Dominican]].}} Pecham, like Bacon, summarizes Alhacen, but follows him more closely,<ref>[[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], pp.&#8239;273–5.</ref> and again uses the expressions ''cathetus'' and ''cum catheto''.<ref>[[#pecham-gaurico-1504|Pecham/Gaurico, 1504]], and [[#pecham-hartmann-1542|Pecham/Hartmann, 1542]], are digitally searchable.</ref>{{efn|Lindberg ([[#lindberg-71|1971]], pp.&#8239;66,&#8239;77–83) offers evidence that Pecham was also indebted to Witelo through Moerbeke, but notes that the citations of Witelo in the ''Perspectiva Communis'' are spurious, having been introduced by [[w:Georg Hartmann|Georg Hartmann]], editor of the [[#pecham-hartmann-1542|1542 reprint]].}} Bacon's work, although the first of the three to be written, was the last to be printed, in 1614. Pecham's ''Perspectiva Communis'', although the last to be written, spawned the largest number of manuscripts, was printed earliest (1482/3) and most often, and was clearly intended for the widest readership;<ref>[[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], p.&#8239;328; Lindberg, [[#lindberg-81|1981]], pp.&#8239;120–21.</ref> "if it were published today," says Smith, it "would probably be retitled ''Perspectiva ad asinos'' or ''Optics for Dummies''."<ref>[[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], p.&#8239;282.</ref> Witelo's ''Perspectiva'' was printed in 1535 and reissued in 1551. In 1572 it was printed for the third time, and Alhacen's ''De&nbsp;Aspectibus'' for the first time, in a single weighty volume under the title ''Opticae&#8239;Thesaurus'', expertly edited—reconstructing diagrams and adding explanatory notes, citations of mathematical sources, proposition numbers and headings for Alhacen's work, and cross-references within and between the two works—by the mathematician [[w:Friedrich Risner|Friedrich Risner]].<ref>[[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], pp.&#8239;328–9. Smith's translation of Alhacen ([[#smith-2001|Smith, 2001]], 2006, 2008, 2010) omits Risner's headings and uses a different section-numbering system.</ref>{{efn|In the ''Opticae&#8239;Thesaurus'' ([[#risner-1572|Risner, 1572]]), the two major treatises are separately paginated. Appended to Alhacen's treatise, at pp.&#8239;283–8, is Ibn Mu‘ādh's&#8202; essay on twilight—translated into Latin by [[w:Gerard of Cremona|Gerard of Cremona]] as ''De Crepusculis''—which was misattributed to Alhacen from the 14th century until 1967 ([[#sabra-67|Sabra, 1967]]). I have noticed that Risner's summarizing headings in Alhacen's work are also sometimes misattributed to Alhacen himself (e.g. in [[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;169, n.&#8239;51, citing [[#risner-1572|Risner, 1572]], p.&#8239;129, §8).}} It was Risner's edition that brought the works of Alhacen and Witelo to the attention of Benedetti and Kepler.<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;498''n'',&#8239;504; [[#lindberg-81|Lindberg, 1981]], p.&#8239;185; [[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], pp.&#8239;322.</ref> And according to Smith, it is Risner's edition that we should blame for changing the spelling of ''Alhacen'' to ''Alhazen'' and adding Latin endings thereto.<ref>[[#smith-2001|Smith, 2001]], p.&#8239;xxi (in the Introduction).</ref> Witelo, in the second of two postulates ("''petitiones''") in Book 5 of his ''Perpectiva'', says that the location of the object-point with respect to any mirror is taken along the cathetus. He uses this postulate only to establish the cathetus rule in Prop.&#8239;36: "In any type of mirror, any visible point is seen on the cathetus of its incidence." For the image must be seen according to the aforesaid location of the object-point, or else it will not be seen "through the mode of image" (''per modum imaginis''), presumably meaning "as the image of an object" and not, e.g., as an independent apparition.<ref>[[#risner-1572|Risner, 1572]], part 2 (''Vitellonis Opticae''), pp.&#8239;190,&#8239;207, cited by [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;506; the translations and the interpretation of ''per modum imaginis'' are Goulding's.</ref> Kepler rejects Witelo's logic: "First, I say that he does not do well to argue from the location of the thing seen to the location of the image, that is, out of fear that the image might cease to exist if the image should not correspond to the object in position. And indeed, in this way he would easily overturn all of catoptrics. For many things of this sort are different in the image than in the object. Next, for my part, I do not understand the postulate which he repeats from the beginning of the book," except, says Kepler, for the hint given by Alhacen ([[#alhacen-obj-img|above]]) in claiming that the state of natural things is in accordance with the situation of their principles.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;74–5.</ref> In his next proposition, Witelo repeats the cathetus rule for any type of mirror, and tries to prove it by claiming that the image of each point of an extended object must be on the cathetus in order to reproduce the size and shape of the object. But this argument is applicable only to a ''plane'' mirror, and the resulting geometric transformation of the object is not the only one that would preserve size and shape; e.g., the geometric reflection could be combined with a translation.<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;507.</ref> On the cathetus rule for ''refraction'', Witelo faithfully recites Alhacen's argument concerning the components of motion. "It is hard to see the connection," says Kepler, "and even if you admit it, a mathematical deduction of what was proposed to be proved will not be forthcoming."<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;75.</ref> Worse, Euclid's "axiom" reappears, adapted for refraction. As Kepler reports: <blockquote>To Alhazen's opinion, Witelo appends the view that we had noted above as irrelevant and false in Euclid. He says, "If on the surface of a transparent body a point upon which there falls a perpendicular from the seen object, happens to be hidden by the interposition of something opaque between the seen object and the point, the object will not be seen." I say that this is false. For provided that the point be free, from which the ray from the seen object to the eye is refracted, the image of the radiating object in the depth will perforce be seen.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;76. The statement in quotation marks is italicized in the original Latin edition ([[#kepler-1604|Kepler, 1604]], p.&#8239;59), where it is a paraphrase rather than quote from Witelo; ''cf''. [[#risner-1572|Risner, 1572]], part 2 (''Vitellonis Opticae''), p.&#8239;415.</ref> </blockquote> Thus Witelo, after striving through 400 dense pages to improve on Alhacen, regresses 15 centuries in one sentence for a last-ditch defense of the cathetus rule. === Benedetti: Binocularism reconsidered === Kepler has not been alone in his dissatisfaction with the ancient rule. In a letter to Kepler, written in late 1604 as a critique of the ''Paralipomena'', the physician Johannes Brengger proposes a modified rule, which amounts to replacing a reflective surface by its ''tangent plane'' at the point of reflection before applying the standard cathetus rule.<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;533–5.</ref> A more sophisticated, independent modification is found in the optical writings of [[w:Simon Stevin|Simon Stevin]], published in 1605.<ref>Part of his ''Mathematical Memoirs'', first published in Dutch, then translated into Latin by Snell in 1608, and into French (more selectively) in 1608 and again in 1634 ([[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;535; [[#dijksterhuis-55|Dijksterhuis, 1955]], pp.&#8239;10,&#8239;30–32, works {{serif|XIa,&#8239;XIb,&#8239;XIII}}).</ref> Stevin's rule is a sort of binocular version of Brengger's: each eye sees a "true" image in the place given by Brengger; but, in a curved mirror, convergence of the lines of sight might give the ''illusion'' of a single image in a third location.<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;536–43.</ref> Of course, what Stevin calls an illusion is what modern readers would regard as the true location of the binocular image. A more rigorous critic than Brengger and Stevin, and a forerunner of Kepler, is [[w:Giambattista Benedetti|Giovanni Battista Benedetti]]. His ''Book of Various Mathematical and Physical Speculations'' (Turin, 1585) contains five treatises followed by a miscellany of letters. One of the letters, addressed to a certain Conradus Terl, recognizes the role of the retina in vision, and in so doing may have anticipated [[w:Felix Platter|Felix Platter]], although Platter was first to publish.<ref>[[#benedetti-1585|Benedetti, 1585]], pp.&#8239;296–7; [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;512.</ref> Of interest here, however, is the series of eight undated letters headed "on the reflections of rays" and addressed to "the most excellent philosopher [[w:Francesco Vimercato|Francesco Vimercato]]",<ref>[[#benedetti-1585|Benedetti, 1585]], pp.&#8239;331–47.</ref> which, according to [[w:Robert D. Goulding|Robert Goulding]], were probably written in the early 1570s.<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;512–13.</ref> The first letter of the series gives several examples showing that Hero's principle of least distance does not necessarily apply to a ''concave'' mirror. In the first example,<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;513–14.</ref> Benedetti shows that if we have a concave spherical mirror, with the object-point ''n'' and the observation point ''q'' on the spherical surface (extended if necessary), and seek a reflection point ''b'' opposite the chord ''qn'', the position of ''b'' is that which ''maximizes'' the path length,{{efn|Provided, of course, that the two legs of the path—from the object-point to the reflection point, and from the latter to the observation point—are constrained to be straight; if they are allowed to be curved, the path length is never a local maximum, because it can always be increased by bending the legs (cf.&nbsp;[[#born-wolf-02|Born &amp; Wolf, 2002]], p.&#8239;137''n''). Concerning the [[w:Fermat's principle|Hero/Fermat principle]], Goulding ([[#goulding-18|2018]], pp.&#8239;513–14) makes two errors in passing. First, in his footnote 52, he fails to note that a refracted path may be a path of ''maximum'' time (again subject to the constraint that the legs are permissible ray paths) if the surface of the denser medium is sufficiently convex (consider, e.g., the refracted path through a small glass bead in the middle of the line of sight). Second, in his footnote 53, referring to the concave spherical mirror, the length of the reflected path "through the unlabeled end of the diameter ''bc''" is not, as he claims, the "very shortest" from ''q'' to ''n''; as the proposed point of reflection approaches ''q'' or ''n'', the path length approaches the length of the chord ''qn'', which is clearly shorter than the path via any other point on the sphere.}} contrary to Hero's teleological principle. Hence Benedetti prefers a ''mechanistic'' explanation of the law of reflection, which he offers in the third letter of the series.<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;514–15, citing [[#benedetti-1585|Benedetti, 1585]], p.&#8239;335.</ref> That explanation is unconvincing by modern standards, but sets a fruitful precedent: in the same letter, Benedetti goes on to seek a similarly mechanistic explanation of the cathetus rule—assuming the use of ''two'' eyes. Benedetti is not the first optician to consider [[w:Binocular vision|binocular vision]]; Ptolemy, Alhacen, and Witelo have all confronted it.<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;507–9.</ref> But, whereas his predecessors have treated it as a problem—how to avoid seeing double—Benedetti treats it as an opportunity: how to perceive depth. Like Alhacen, he understands that if an object-point is to be seen singly and most distinctly, the axes of the two eyes must converge on that point; but, unlike Alhacen, he explicitly associates this convergence of the visual axes with the ''distance'' at which an object is seen singly, and he recognizes it as the mechanism of distance perception. Idiosyncratically, he adds that the distance is still perceived by looking with ''one'' eye, because (he claims) the object is still seen best when the axis of the other eye passes through it.<ref>[[#benedetti-1585|Benedetti, 1585]], pp.&#8239;335–6; [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;515–16.</ref> Armed with this new understanding of binocular vision, Benedetti considers the reflection of an object-point in a plane mirror, viewed with both eyes. Alhacen has used the cathetus rule to locate the image seen by each eye separately, and concluded that the two images coincide so that "there will only be one image… and it will lie at the same place as it would if it were viewed by only one eye."<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], pp.&#8239;401–3 (Prop.&#8239;4), with notes on pp.&#8239;492–3, and diagrams on p.&#8239;221 (other volume); ''cf''. [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;509–12 (with diagrams).</ref> Benedetti inverts this reasoning: because the two lines of sight, produced through the mirror, intersect the cathetus at the same point, they intersect ''each other'' at that point, which is therefore the image—and on the cathetus. Thus, for the special case of reflection in a plane mirror, Benedetti gives the ''first valid proof of the cathetus rule'' for lines of sight other than the cathetus itself.<ref>[[#benedetti-1585|Benedetti, 1585]], p.&#8239;336; [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;516–18.</ref> For a convex spherical mirror,<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], pp.&#8239;431–2, with notes on pp.&#8239;499–500, and diagrams on p.&#8239;240 (other volume), pars.&#8239;2.217–18.</ref> and (more tersely) for a concave spherical mirror,<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;475.</ref> Alhacen again relies on the cathetus rule to show that each eye sees the image-point at the same location, provided that the eyes are placed symmetrically about a plane containing the cathetus.{{efn|A statement on binocular perception of images is found at the end of Alhacen's discussion of each mirror shape, with the unexplained exception of the convex cylinder ([[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;511–12). For a convex conical mirror, Alhacen says that "the same form and the same location for the form is perceived by each eye…; sometimes they share precisely the same location, sometimes their locations overlap, and sometimes they are separated, but only a little bit" ([[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;446), where this "little bit" is apparently small enough to allow "a single image according to sense-deduction" ([[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;431). For a concave cylindrical mirror, he baldly asserts that "when both eyes are looking, one image will actually form two, but they will abut or overlap, so they will appear single" ([[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;481). And he gives a similar statement on what happens when a second eye is opened to each of the images formed by a concave conical mirror ([[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;485).}} In the ''concave'' case, for which Alhacen does not even offer a diagram, Benedetti gives a detailed original argument, which again avoids using the cathetus rule as a premise. Supposing at first that the object-point and both eyes are ''on'' the reflecting sphere, Benedetti shows that both reflected lines of sight must intersect the cathetus. But only if the points of reflection are equidistant from the object-point do the intersections coincide, in which case there is a single image-point on the cathetus; otherwise, he says, the two eyes see separate images. We can see that the same reasoning applies if the eyes are moved forward, closer to the cathetus. But, as Benedetti notes, if they cross to the other side of the cathetus the object-point will be seen double and blurred ("''confusè''&#8202;"), wherever the points of reflection may be.<ref>[[#benedetti-1585|Benedetti, 1585]], pp.&#8239;337–9; [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;518–20.</ref> Moreover, he says, if the two eyes are in the same plane of reflection (confusingly called the ''surface'' of reflection), then <blockquote>the place of the image will not be on the cathetus of incidence, but outside it, because the intersection of the visual axes will not be on the cathetus but outside it—and in that intersection there takes place the vision of only one image, something that the ancients did not notice.<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;521, quoting [[#benedetti-1585|Benedetti, 1585]], p.&#8239;339.</ref> </blockquote> <span id="sixth">Thus Benedetti ends the third letter by asserting a ''counterexample to the cathetus rule''. He does not give a proof here. In the sixth letter, however,</span> he shows that a spherical burning mirror with an object-point beyond the center of curvature does not give a single focal point on the cathetus, and concludes: <blockquote>Whence it follows that the convergence of reflected rays from a concave spherical mirror is not at one and the same point on the cathetus of incidence, when they are reflected from points not equidistant from the same cathetus. From this reasoning it may also be seen that what I wrote to you in the third letter is true, namely that whenever the visual axes or reflected rays are in one and the same plane of reflection, then the image of the object will in no way be seen on the cathetus of incidence in a concave spherical mirror.<ref>[[#benedetti-1585|Benedetti, 1585]], p.&#8239;343; ''cf''. [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;521.</ref> </blockquote> Indeed the violation of the cathetus rule in the third letter involves points of reflection that are not equidistant from the cathetus. Concerning the violation in the sixth letter, Benedetti apparently reasons that that if the reflected rays in a common plane of reflection intersect the cathetus at different points, then they must intersect ''each other'' at points ''off''&#8202; the cathetus, as asserted in the third letter. In the seventh letter (the last that deals with specular reflection), Benedetti gives another counterexample and another salvage, both for a ''convex'' spherical mirror. For the counterexample, he considers two rays from the same object-point in the same plane of reflection, and shows that if the reflected rays, when produced, intersect each other on the cathetus, then they cannot both satisfy the law of reflection.<ref>[[#benedetti-1585|Benedetti, 1585]], pp.&#8239;343–4, summarized in [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;523–5.</ref> For the salvage, he takes an object-point ''b'', from which the foot of the cathetus is ''g'', and shows that if a ray from ''b'' is reflected with sufficiently glancing incidence at a point ''q'', the produced reflected ray intersects the cathetus ''bg'' in the air ''outside'' the sphere.<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;525 & Fig.&#8239;15.</ref> He concludes: <blockquote>Therefore, if the reflected rays from the object ''b'' come to both pupils from two points of such a mirror, as distant from point ''g'' as ''q'' is, then the common point of convergence of the visual axes will be on the cathetus… where the image will appear for the reasons given above, so that this can happen not only with concave, but also with convex mirrors.<ref>[[#benedetti-1585|Benedetti, 1585]], p.&#8239;344.</ref> </blockquote> Of course the salvage does not depend on the point of convergence being outside the sphere. It depends only on the axial symmetry about the cathetus, which implies that each produced reflected ray intersects the cathetus ''somewhere'', and that if the points of reflection are equidistant from the foot of the cathetus, so are the points of intersection.{{efn|Goulding ([[#goulding-18|2018]], p.&#8239;526) explains Benedetti's conclusion thus: "from his analysis of the concave mirror he extrapolated the general principle that any image location predicted by the traditional theory could be saved by the binocular theory, if the eyes were symmetrically placed on either side of the older theory's plane of reflection". I should add that the symmetry of the surface needs to be axial about the cathetus, and that the lines of sight need to be related by a rotation about the cathetus. If the symmetry were merely bilateral about "the older theory's plane of reflection", it would guarantee only that the image is in that plane—not that it is necessarily on the cathetus.}} === Kepler: Generalized lines of sight === So the first disproof-and-salvage of the cathetus rule, with the first explicit counterexamples, is due to Benedetti. But here we have heard from Kepler first, because it is to him that we owe the first rebuttals of traditional ''arguments'' for the rule. Having disposed of these arguments, Kepler introduces a series of propositions of his own, "''in order to make evident the true cause of the place of the image'', ignorance of which is a disgraceful stain in a most beautiful science".<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;76.</ref> For Kepler, as for his predecessors, an image is essentially an illusion: <blockquote>''The Optical writers say it is an image, when the object itself is indeed perceived along with its colors and the parts of its figure, but in a position not its own, and occasionally endowed with quantities not its own, and with an inappropriate ratio of parts of its figure.'' Briefly, an image is the vision of some object conjoined with an error of the faculties contributing to the sense of vision. Thus, the image is practically nothing in itself, and should rather be called imagination.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;77 (Definition&#8239;1); ''cf''. Malet [[#malet-1990k|1990k]], p.&#8239;6.</ref> </blockquote> But what is the location of this illusory thing? In Proposition 8, Kepler eventually informs us that the distance of the image from the eye(s) is judged by triangulation, "as is more amply discussed below concerning [[w:Parallax|parallaxes]]", with a baseline given by the distance between the eyes, or motion of the head, by which "a single eye stands in for two that are far apart", or, at worst, the breadth of the pupil, as elaborated in Propositions 9 and 14.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;79–83.</ref>{{efn|The reference to parallaxes is, I submit, an admission that a small angle of convergence between the eyes may be judged with the aid of background objects rather than by any innate ability to sense the angle.}} Thus he follows Benedetti in referring to triangulation, but goes beyond Benedetti by ''allowing baselines other than those given by binocular vision''. Also in Proposition 9, we read that Nature intended the edges of the eyelids, and the line connecting the eyes, to be in the plane of the horizon in order to maximize the baseline for triangulation within that plane. For that reason, according to Proposition 10, when you look at an object-point via a convex mirror or "the flat surface of denser media," you try to position your eyes so that the respective lines of sight meet the surface at equal angles. If this condition is not met, says Kepler (again somewhat cryptically), the two lines of sight generally fail to intersect, so that you see two images, unless you strain your eyes so as to look along skew lines.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;80–81.</ref> (Recall that Benedetti has noted the double vision for asymmetric placement of the eyes, but only for reflection, and only for a ''concave'' mirror.<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;519–20.</ref>) For cases that meet the "equal angles" condition, Kepler salvages the cathetus rule.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;83–6.</ref> In Definition 2, he introduces the plane of reflection or refraction (again confusingly called the ''surface'' of reflection or refraction), which earlier writers have defined as the plane containing the observation point ("center of vision"), the object-point, and the point of reflection&#10744;refraction. This plane is perpendicular to the reflecting or refracting surface (Prop.&#8239;16). Now let an object-point be viewed by both eyes via a plane or spherical reflecting or refracting surface ('''Prop.&#8239;17'''). For each eye, there is an point of reflection or refraction, and a line of sight ("visual ray") through that point. The image-point, if one exists for the given positions of the eyes, is the point where these lines of sight meet, which must be on the line of intersection of the respective planes of reflection&#10744;refraction (since these contain the lines of sight). These planes contain the object-point and are perpendicular to the surface at the respective points of reflection&#10744;refraction, and hence, by the symmetry, contain the cathetus, which is therefore their line of intersection, which (as already established) contains the image-point. Thus "''all the images of the seen object will be on the perpendicular from the object to the surface, whether refracting or reflecting; and this will happen to such an extent that the distance of the points of the seen object is grasped in the manner described, whether by the two eyes, or by the diameter of the breadth of one eye''."<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;86; Kepler's emphasis.</ref> And it is grasped in that manner by the two eyes if the two lines of sight make equal angles with the surface (Prop.&#8239;10). Goulding initially describes Kepler's Prop.&#8239;17 as a "rapid proof to show that the image seen in a plane mirror would lie on the visible object's cathetus", this proof being "identical to Benedetti's" except in "only two ways": first, Kepler does not repeat Benedetti's claim that monocular depth-perception involves the alignment of the other eye; and second, Kepler extends the argument to plane refraction. But, as Goulding adds on the same page, "Kepler intended this argument to apply to any reflective or refractive surface of any shape," subject to appropriate symmetry in the placement of the eye(s).<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;529.</ref> Indeed Kepler himself allows the surface to be spherical,<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;86.</ref> but in Prop.&#8239;17 he does not say whether it is convex or concave; here his reasoning depends solely on axial symmetry about a well-defined cathetus and is otherwise indifferent to the shape of the surface or whether it is reflective or refractive.{{efn|Hence I do not understand how Goulding concludes that Kepler, unlike Benedetti, "did not provide a proof" for non-plane mirrors ([[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;531).}} <span id="new-salvage">Here I should mention a case, not mentioned by Benedetti or Kepler, in which the cathetus rule holds although the "equal angles" condition does not.</span> Recall that [[#takahashi-defense|Takahashi defends Euclid]] by noting that if you try to look along the cathetus at the reflection of an extended object, your line of sight is blocked. Now this problem does not arise with refraction. Accordingly, consider a smooth refracting surface with the object-point on one side and your eyes on the other, with one eye (the "first") on the cathetus, so that the line of sight produced from the first eye through the surface ''is'' the cathetus. If the surface and media are axially symmetrical about the cathetus, or otherwise bilaterally symmetrical about the plane of the object-point and both eyes, then, by that symmetry, the line of sight produced from the ''second'' eye through the surface intersects the cathetus. And the point of intersection is the binocular image-point. Kepler gives his first counterexample to the cathetus rule in Proposition 18.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;86–8; ''cf''. [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;530–31.</ref> Unlike Benedetti, he does not consider a concave mirror in this connection. For a ''convex'' spherical mirror, like Benedetti, he considers two rays from the same object-point in the same plane of reflection. But, whereas Benedetti supposes that the two (produced) reflected rays meet on the cathetus, and shows that they cannot both satisfy the law of reflection, Kepler supposes the law of reflection and shows by a purely geometric contradiction argument that the (produced) reflected rays meet on the observer's side of the cathetus. Indeed, as he shows more simply, the point at which they meet moves outside the sphere as we approach grazing incidence. He concludes that the cathetus rule is not universally true, "unless this restriction also be added, that the sense of vision be so located with respect to the mirror as nature shows"<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;88.</ref>—that is, unless the lines of sight make equal angles with the surface.<ref>''Cf''. [[#darrigol-12|Darrigol, 2012]], pp.&#8239;27,&#8239;74''n''.</ref> But, he adds, the departure from the cathetus is imperceptible if only one eye is used, because the lines of sight are so close together. Kepler's theory of image location, including his disproof-and-salvage of the cathetus rule, was thought to be novel until 2018, when Benedetti's partial priority was revealed by Goulding. Kepler himself presents his theory as revolutionary, without citing Benedetti's ''Speculations''. Had he known this work, says Goulding, "such an omission would have been out of character for the usually scrupulous Kepler."<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;531.</ref> On that score, I can easily believe that Benedetti and Kepler independently thought of proving the cathetus rule for a plane mirror by inverting Alhacen's binocular argument, because (pardon the anecdote) [[#ingredients|so did I]], before I knew that Alhacen had introduced a second eye or a second line of sight. I can even believe that Benedetti and Kepler (unlike me) independently thought of supporting their argument by citing the same proposition {{serif|XI}}.19 of Euclid's ''Elements'', because mathematicians of bygone centuries (unlike me) knew their Euclid and cited him slavishly. Like Benedetti, Kepler gives the counterexample of the convex mirror with the two eyes in the same plane of reflection; but Goulding concedes that Kepler's treatment is "more concise and elegant", and I further submit that it gives more information. Like Benedetti, Kepler rejects Hero's least-distance explanation of the law of reflection (propagated through Alhacen and Witelo), but for different reasons: the variation of the path length is negligible for reflections of stars in ponds, and the argument fails completely for refraction, supporting Kepler's claim that "these operations are not those of a form that acts deliberately or keeps a goal in mind, but of matter bound to its geometrical necessities."<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;84; ''cf''. [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], pp.&#8239;528–9,&#8239;531.</ref> There is a letter in which Kepler expresses a high opinion of Benedetti's mathematics—an opinion which, according to Goulding, he could hardly have formed from works other than the ''Speculations''.<ref>[[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;531.</ref> But if we accept that assessment, the evidence is still leaky because the letter dates from 16 Nov.&#8239;1606, two years after the ''Paralipomena''. On that inconclusive note, I abandon this subplot and return to Kepler's treatise. <span id="first-counterex-refr">In Proposition 19 of the third chapter, Kepler gives the first counterexample to the cathetus rule for ''refraction''.</span> He considers a plane refracting surface, with the object-point in the denser medium and the two eyes in a common plane of refraction in the rarer medium, and shows that for sufficiently oblique incidence, the image departs from the cathetus toward the observer. He does this without knowing the exact law of refraction, by first supposing that the angle of deviation is the same for the two angles of incidence, and then showing that the departure from the cathetus is greater if, as in fact, a more oblique incidence causes a greater deviation.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;88–9; [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;530 &amp; Fig.&#8239;17. In the redrawings of Kepler's diagram by Donahue and Goulding, the incidence is not sufficiently oblique: to support the argument, point ''D''&#8202; should be to the left of the (vertical) cathetus from ''E''; compare the original in [[#kepler-1604|Kepler, 1604]], p.&#8239;73.</ref>{{efn|Of course, in the degenerate case in which one eye is on the cathetus, the binocular image is also on the cathetus; see [[#new-salvage|above]].}} Ending Kepler's third chapter, in Proposition 20, is the ''reductio ad absurdum'' that begins the present paper: the cathetus rule implies that we can move (e.g.) a reflected image by deforming the reflective surface in the vicinity of the cathetus while preserving it in the vicinity of the point(s) of reflection—whereas in fact, as Kepler says, "it makes no difference to the place of the image, what sort of mirror surface is placed opposite the object, since the proportions of image formation are all taken from that part of the mirror upon which are the two points of reflection of light to the two eyes."<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;90.</ref>{{efn|The supporting example ([[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;90–91), in which Kepler seems to have invented what we now call the [[w:Osculating circle|osculating circle]], is more sophisticated than it needs to be.}} The imprecision of the distance of the image as judged by ''one'' eye becomes crucial in the fifth chapter of the same work, where Kepler considers a distant object seen through a glass sphere filled with water. He admits that if the eyes are sufficiently far behind the sphere, the image is seen in the air when viewed stereoscopically with two eyes,<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;191, 192 (Prop.&#8239;1). In modern terms, of course, this image is ''real''.</ref> but is seen on the facing surface of the sphere when viewed with one eye,<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;194 (Prop.&#8239;6), 208–9 (Prop.&#8239;17).</ref> and may be seen in two places on that surface if both eyes are trained on the surface.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;195, Prop.&#8239;7; ''cf''. [[#malet-1990k|Malet, 1990k]], pp.&#8239;10–12 &amp; Fig.&#8239;5.</ref> As [[w:Alan E. Shapiro|Alan E. Shapiro]] points out, this case shows that the ''perceived'' image and the ''geometrical'' image (Shapiro's terms) of the same object-point may have different locations, the former image being located by a pair of rays, and the latter by a ''pencil'' of rays (Kepler's term).<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;106–7, 124–5 &amp; n.&#8239;58.</ref> Later in the same chapter, Kepler considers refraction of parallel rays by a spherical surface. For deviations less than 10 degrees, using the approximation that the deviations are proportional to the angles of incidence, he shows that the refracted rays cut the axis at very nearly the same point.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;205–6 (Prop.&#8239;15).</ref> Then he introduces what we call the real image, which he calls a ''picture'' (Latin ''pictura''), and which, by his definition, seems to require a screen upon which it appears: <blockquote>''Since hitherto an Image has been a Being of the reason, now let the figures of objects that really exist on paper or upon another surface be called pictures''.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;210 ("Definition"); ''cf''. [[#malet-1990k|Malet, 1990k]], p.&#8239;14.</ref> </blockquote> The subsequent Propositions 20 &amp; 23, which concern the picture projected by a water-filled glass sphere, imply that in order to make an intelligible picture, the rays originating from one point on the object need not converge exactly to one point in the picture; ''near''-convergence is enough. In both cases, the "last intersection"—&#8239;that is, the limit of the intersection of the refracted ray with the axis, as the incident ray deviates less and less from the axis—is recognized as an image, implying that an image need not be perfectly stigmatic.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;211–13.</ref> But, as noted by [[w:Antoni Malet|Antoni Malet]]—against the view of previous 20th-century scholars—it is not at all clear that Kepler regards a geometrical image as acting on the eye in the same way as an object. In his ''Paralipomena''<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;192 (Prop.&#8239;1).</ref> and in his ''Dioptrice'' of 1611, in cases where a real image is formed in the air, Kepler conspicuously fails to invoke it in explaining what is seen by the eye(s) without a screen,<ref>Malet, [[#malet-1990k|1990k]], p.&#8239;5 (n.&#8239;8), 21–23; [[#malet-2003|2003]], pp.&#8239;118–20,&#8239;134; [[#darrigol-12|Darrigol, 2012]], p.&#8239;35 (Fig.&#8239;1.19).</ref> although he ''does'' invoke it in explaining how an upright picture can be subsequently formed on paper through another lens.<ref>[[#malet-2003|Malet, 2003]], p.&#8239;120 &amp; Figure&#8239;7.</ref> These three points—that the perceived and geometrical images may not coincide, that the convergence of the rays may be approximate, and whether a geometrical image is optically equivalent to an object—are revisited later in the century. === Mersenne, Roberval, Gregory: Images redefined === [[w:Marin Mersenne|Marin Mersenne]], in his posthumous ''L'Optique, et la Catoptrique'' (1651) edited by [[w:Gilles de Roberval|Gilles Personne de Roberval]], distinguishes between two images of the same object: the "interior or sensible image", which is formed on the retina, and the "exterior or apparent" image, "which our fantasy represents to us some place outside far or near from us, as if the object itself were in that place, from which it sends its rays to us to form the interior image..."<ref>Quoted and translated by Shapiro, [[#shapiro-2008|2008]], p.&#8239;311.</ref> Roberval, in his editorial contribution, refers to <blockquote>the apparent place of the exterior image of a point of an object in all manners of vision&mdash;direct, reflected, or refracted&mdash;both for one eye alone as for two, being the point where the rays that fall on the eyes concur really or potentially (French: ''en puissance'') immediately before the eyes&hellip;<ref>Shapiro, [[#shapiro-2008|2008]], p.&#8239;295.</ref> </blockquote> A point of "potential" concurrence is of course a ''virtual''&#8202; image. Roberval also allows the rays to be ''very nearly'' concurrent,<ref>Shapiro, [[#shapiro-2008|2008]], p.&#8239;294.</ref> in agreement with Kepler; but the unification of the perceived and geometrical images in the "external" image, and their visual equivalence to an object, are new. [[w:James Gregory (mathematician)|James Gregory]]'s ''Optica Promota'' (1663) is well known for the invention of [[w:Gregorian telescope|a reflecting telescope]] (in the Epilogue), the independent rediscovery of the law of refraction (Proposition 4),{{efn|Discussed at length by Malet ([[#malet-1990g|1990g]]), who also notes that James preferred to spell his surname "Gregorie"; indeed, he used this Scottish spelling in the dedication of the ''Optica Promota'', although the entire treatise, including its dedication, is in Latin.}} and the preface belatedly acknowledging [[w:René Descartes|Descartes]]' prior publication of this law, of which Gregory was unaware until he went to press.{{efn|Gregory's ignorance of Descartes' priority is one of several pieces of evidence suggesting that the propagation of the law of refraction was slow for the first twenty years after its publication by Descartes in 1637; see [[#dijksterhuis-04|Dijksterhuis, 2004]], p.&#8239;173.}} Gregory also seems unaware of the work of Mersenne and Roberval; for while he addresses the same three points, he parts with Kepler on all three. According to Gregory, <blockquote>''An image is a similitude of a radiating body, arising from the divergence or convergence of the rays belonging to individual points of the radiating body, from individual points or to individual points of a single surface.<ref>"''Imago est similitudo materiæ radiantis, orta ex divergentiâ, vel convergentiâ radiorum, singulorum materiæ radiantis punctorum, a punctis singulis, vel ad puncta singula unius superficiei.''" —&#8239;[[#gregory-1663|Gregory, 1663]], p.&#8239;1 (Definition 9).</ref>'' </blockquote> This definition, like Roberval's, allows no distinction between perceived and geometrical image-points and applies to both binocular and monocular viewing,<ref>[[#gregory-bruce-06|Gregory/Bruce, 2006]], Props.&#8239;28,&#8239;29,&#8239;36; [[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;128–30.</ref> and attributes the "similitude" to the defining feature of a geometrical image: the convergence or divergence of the rays. But, unlike Roberval, Gregory does not allow the point of divergence or convergence to be an approximation or limiting case; concerning the image of an object-point ''B'' seen by reflection, Gregory writes: <blockquote>From the points of the pupil [''A''], draw through the points of reflection all the lines of reflection, in whose concourse ''L'' (provided they concur) will be the apparent place of the image of the point ''B''. If, however, they do not concur in one point, no distinct and fixed place of the image of the visible point ''B'' will exist.<ref>End of Prop.&#8239;36, as translated by Shapiro ([[#shapiro-1990|1990]], p.&#8239;129).</ref> </blockquote> Although the diagram supporting this statement shows the point of concourse as being behind the mirror (giving a virtual image), the wording is equally applicable if the point is in front (giving a real image). Moreover, the initial statement of the problem indicates that the solution should be equally applicable to refraction,<ref>[[#gregory-bruce-06|Gregory/Bruce, 2006]], Prop.&#8239;36.</ref> which it is. And indeed the initial definition is applicable to both real and virtual images, and to both reflection and refraction. Gregory's insistence on exact concurrence may look like a loss of generality, but is understandable in view of his comprehensive coverage of the imaging properties of conic sections in reflection and refraction; indeed Malet has argued that "no major printed optical text prior to James Gregory's ''Optica promota'' (London, 1663) offers the grounding work for the modem mathematical theory of optical images".<ref>Malet, [[#malet-1990k|1990k]], p.&#8239;5, n.&#8239;8.</ref> Mersenne, Roberval, and Gregory have not addressed the cathetus rule directly; but their refinement of the concept of the image will be pivotal in a high-profile case. === Tacquet: Affirmation and exception === According to Malet: <blockquote>By the late sixteenth century it was a well-known fact that [distant] things perceived through convex lenses appear inverted or upright according to the distance from the eye to the lens. Empirical accounts of the properties of convex lenses, such as [[c:William Bourne (mathematician)|William Bourne]]'s 'Treatise on the properties and qualities of glasses for optical purposes' (1585),<ref>Printed in [[#halliwell-1839|Halliwell, 1839]], pp.&#8239;32–47. "1585" is [[w:Albert Van Helden|Van Helden]]'s dating of the treatise, whereas [[w:Sven Dupré|Dupré]] dates it to 1579/80 ([[#dupre-10|Dupré, 2010]], pp.&#8239;137–8).</ref> did not fail to mention that&#8239; (1) when the eye is removed from the lens beyond the 'burnynge beame', or focus, all [distant] things seen through the lens appear inverted, and&#8239; (2) when the eye lies between the burning focus and the lens all things seen through the lens appear upright and enlarged, and the more so the closer the eye to the focus.<ref>[[#malet-2003|Malet, 2003]], p.&#8239;116; "[distant]" is my addition, for context. Compare Bourne, chapters {{serif|VI}} to {{serif|VIII}}, in [[#halliwell-1839|Halliwell, 1839]], pp.&#8239;42–4. On the contrivance mentioned at the end of chap.&#8239;{{serif|VI}} and elaborated in chap.&#8239;{{serif|IX}}, see [[#dupre-10|Dupré, 2010]].</ref> </blockquote> Here we are chiefly interested in Malet's point (2), under which we should also note that when the eye reaches the focus, as Bourne says, "yow shall discerne nothinge thorowe the glasse: But like a myst, or water".<ref>[[#halliwell-1839|Halliwell, 1839]], p.&#8239;44.</ref> Kepler explains point (2) in his ''Dioptrice''. He shows that when an object-point is viewed through a convex lens at such a distance that the refracted rays converge toward another point, with the eye between that point and the lens, the object is seen upright (Proposition 70) and blurred ("''confusa''"), the more blurred as the eye is further from the lens, since the convergence is greater (Prop.&#8239;71), and most blurred when the eye reaches the point of convergence (Prop.&#8239;74). Moreover the image is magnified (Prop.&#8239;80), and the more so as the eye recedes from the lens toward the point of convergence (Prop.&#8239;82).<ref>[[#kepler-1859|Kepler (1859)]], pp.&#8239;542–7. The location of these passages was assisted by Darrigol ([[#darrigol-12|2012]], pp.&#8239;34–5), Malet ([[#malet-2010|2010]], pp.&#8239;283–6), Shapiro ([[#shapiro-1990|1990]], p.&#8239;160 &amp; n.&#8239;184), and ''translate.google.com''. On Kepler's explanation of Prop.&#8239;82, see [[#malet-2003|Malet, 2003]], p.&#8239;114 &amp; Figure 4. Props.&#8239;80&#8239;&amp;&#8239;82 are used in Kepler's subsequent explanation of the magnifying power of a Dutch telescope; see Malet, [[#malet-2003|2003]] at p.&#8239;122, or [[#malet-2010|2010]] at p.&#8239;286.</ref> Gregory, in the following passage, confirms the blur but is indifferent as to whether the convergence is caused by a lens or a mirror: <blockquote>''Corollary 4.'' …&#8239;[I]f the rays from one point converge toward another point behind the eye [''post oculum''], no place can be assigned to this point except (if we will) behind the eye at the concourse of the rays: hence the image formed of such points may conveniently be called an image behind the eye. <span id="gregory-prop-30">'''Prop.&#8239;30. Theorem.'''</span> ''With the rays from one point converging toward a point situated behind the eye, it is impossible to make distinct vision.'' For every eye is so constructed as to see distinctly either remote [points], which radiate as if in parallel, or near ones, which send out diverging rays; but in no eye is the retina distinctly painted by the converging rays (which originate from artifice and not from nature), because the crystalline humor{{efn|That is, the lens.}} gathers [''congregat''] these rays into a point in the vitreous humor, and sends them disgregated to the retina, from which disgregation arises blurred vision—as shown by Kepler.<ref>Translated from [[#gregory-1663|Gregory, 1663]], p.&#8239;41, and in some places differing from [[#gregory-bruce-06|Gregory/Bruce, 2006]].</ref> </blockquote> This "image behind the eye" is what we would now call a '''virtual object''' presented to the eye. Although there is no mention of the cathetus rule here, the ''mirror version of the same experiment''—in which rays converge from a concave mirror toward a point behind the eye—is the only case in which the cathetus rule is ''not'' upheld by [[w:André Tacquet|André Tacquet S.J.]] in his ''Catoptrica Tribus Libris Exposita'' (Catoptrics explained in three books), posthumously published in 1669. At the end of Book 1, Tacquet says of the cathetus rule: <blockquote>This theorem is the most fruitful of all of catoptrics, whereby nearly all the phenomena of plane and convex mirrors are demonstrated, as will become evident from all of book two and book three. Consequently, its truth is in turn extraordinarily established: for it cannot be false, since it agrees wonderfully with all phenomena without exception.<ref>[[#tacquet-1669|Tacquet, 1669]], p.&#8239;223, quoted in translation by Shapiro ([[#shapiro-1990|1990]], p.&#8239;144).</ref> </blockquote> But he immediately adds: <blockquote>''Whether and when this proposition has a place with concave mirrors will be plain from what is to be said in Book 3''.<ref>[[#tacquet-1669|Tacquet, 1669]], p.&#8239;223, italics in the Latin.</ref> </blockquote> And in Book 3, just before Proposition 22,<ref>[[#tacquet-1669|Tacquet, 1669]], p.&#8239;256.</ref> he warns that "in concave ones we postulate this only for the moment, until the extent of its truth becomes apparent." In Props.&#8239;29&#8239;&amp;&#8239;30,<ref>[[#tacquet-1669|Tacquet, 1669]], p.&#8239;259.</ref> he comes to the experiment just mentioned, in which the eye intercepts converging rays from a concave mirror. Here the cathetus rule locates the image ''behind'' the eye—in agreement with Gregory's terminology—whereas the mind inevitably construes any visible image as being ''in front'' of the eye, leading Tacquet to conclude: <blockquote>''Therefore Alhazen, Witello, and other opticians following them err in considering that just as in plane and convex mirrors so in concave ones the image never appears outside the intersection of the reflected ray with the cathetus of incidence.'' </blockquote> The quote is translated by Shapiro,<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;172, n.&#8239;107; italics in the Latin.</ref> who further reports that as late as 1735, [[w:Samuel Clarke|Samuel Clarke]] faulted Tacquet for making even that exception to the cathetus rule,<ref>[[#rohault-clarke-1735|Rohault/Clarke, 1735]], p.&#8239;278''n''.</ref> while [[w:Christian Wolff (philosopher)|Christian Wolff]] upheld the rule for two eyes provided that they were not in the same plane of incidence.<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;172, n.&#8239;108.</ref> In allowing the eyes to be asymmetrically placed in different planes of incidence, Wolff's proviso is too permissive—as Benedetti and Kepler knew. === Barrow "destroys" the doctrine === The Rev. [[w:Isaac Barrow|Isaac Barrow]], inaugural [[w:Lucasian Professor of Mathematics|Lucasian Professor]] at Cambridge, in the first of his ''Lectiones {{serif|XVIII}}'' (Eighteen Lectures) published in 1669, defines images thus: <blockquote>…&#8239;Images are clearly nothing other than light from objects so reflected or refracted that it is again collected in one place and in such a situation as it had when it flowed from the original object and proceeded in a direct path to the eye; whereby it happens that images represent objects similarly but as if they were located elsewhere.<ref>''Lectiones'' {{serif|I}}:5 ([[#barrow-1669|Barrow, 1669]], p.&#8239;4, quoted in translation by Shapiro ([[#shapiro-1990|1990]], p.&#8239;107).</ref> </blockquote> In the third lecture he reprises the idea: <blockquote>Indeed by the term ''image'', I understand nothing but the place from which a number of rays (as many as suffice to affect vision) seem to diverge or spread in the same manner as when they are diffused by primary objects.<ref>''Lectiones'' {{serif|III}}:16 ([[#barrow-1669|Barrow, 1669]], p.&#8239;30), cited (not translated) by Shapiro ([[#shapiro-1990|1990]], p.&#8239;166, n.&#8239;6); my italics.</ref> </blockquote> As Shapiro explains,<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;106–7 (&amp; n.&#8239;5), 124–5,&#8239;165.</ref> Barrow's principle of image location, which was rightly linked to him in the 18th century, was wrongly credited to Kepler in the 20th. In fact Barrow agrees with Roberval: he follows Roberval and Gregory, against Kepler, by strictly equating the perceived and geometrical images, and by recognizing the manner in which an image imitates an object; but, as we shall see, he follows Kepler and Roberval, against Gregory, by not requiring an image to be strictly stigmatic. The case of the eye intercepting converging rays, whether from a convex lens as in Kepler's example, or from a concave mirror as in Tacquet's, is known as the '''Barrovian case'''<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;144,&#8239;159–65.</ref> because it is taken up by Barrow—citing Tacquet but, strangely, not Kepler in this connection—at the end of his lectures; the relevant passage has been translated from the Latin by [[w:George Berkeley|Berkeley]] and, independently, by Clarke.<ref>[[#berkeley-1901|Berkeley (1901)]], pp.&#8239;137–40; [[#rohault-clarke-1735|Rohault/Clarke, 1735]], pp.&#8239;260–61''n''.  Fay's recent translation of all eighteen lectures ([[#barrow-fay-87|Barrow/Fay, 1987]]) is apparently out of print.</ref> Here Barrow notes that because diverging rays appear to come from a finite distance, and parallel rays from an infinite distance, converging rays ought to appear to come from beyond infinity,<ref>[[#berkeley-1901|Berkeley (1901)]], p.&#8239;138.</ref> whereas in fact, in the case in question, the image may seem closer than the object, and certainly seems to come closer as the rays become more convergent<ref>Shapiro ([[#shapiro-1990|1990]], p.&#8239;160, line 6) erroneously has "divergence" instead of "convergence".</ref>—that is, as the eye recedes toward the point of convergence—until "the object appearing extremely near begins to vanish into mere confusion."<ref>[[#berkeley-1901|Berkeley (1901)]], p.&#8239;139.</ref> Indeed the image seems to come closer because (as mentioned by Kepler but not Barrow) the magnification increases, and because (as mentioned by neither, but easily observed) the direction of the image becomes more sensitive to sideways movement of the eye—although the apparent movement of the image is the wrong way for an image in ''front'' of the eye. As Barrow notes, the looming of the image offends not only "our Notion" (his principle of image location), but also "that antient and common one" (the cathetus rule): <blockquote>It seems so much to overthrow that antient and common one, which is more a-kin to ours than any other, that the learned Tacquett was forced by it to renounce that Principle, (upon which alone, almost all his Catoptricks depend) as uncertain, and not to be depended upon, whereby be overthrew his own Doctrine.<ref>[[#rohault-clarke-1735|Rohault/Clarke, 1735]], p.&#8239;261''n''.</ref> </blockquote> After this caricature of Tacquet's position, Barrow immediately concedes: <blockquote>Which, nevertheless, I do not believe he would have done, had he but considered the whole matter more thoroughly, and examined the difficulty to the bottom.<ref>[[#berkeley-1901|Berkeley (1901)]], p.&#8239;139; this statement is elided in Clarke's translation.</ref> </blockquote> The concession is startling—the more so for its want of explanation—in that it seems to imply that Tacquet's purported counterexample to the cathetus rule is ''not'' a counterexample. That indeed is the position subsequently taken by Clarke, who argues that the cathetus rule is not in play, because the reflected rays, being intercepted by the eye, do not meet the cathetus.<ref>[[#rohault-clarke-1735|Rohault/Clarke, 1735]], p.&#8239;278''n''.</ref> In his commentary on the Barrovian passage, Clarke explains the apparent closeness of the image by noting that&#8239; (i) if the eye is sufficiently close to the point of convergence, we cannot simultaneously train both eyes on the object-point through the glass (however large it may be), and with only one eye the judgment of distance is inferior and influenced by the proximity of the glass, and&#8239; (ii) as the eye recedes, the increasing magnification (and brightness, in the case of a luminous object) makes the image seem to come closer.<ref>[[#rohault-clarke-1735|Rohault/Clarke, 1735]], p.&#8239;262''n''.</ref> Berkeley's explanation,<ref>[[#berkeley-1901|Berkeley (1901)]], pp.&#8239;140–43 (§§&#8239;31,&#8239;35–6); ''cf''. [[#cardona-gutierrez-20|Cardona &amp; Gutierrez, 2020]].</ref> although earlier, is more modern, noting that that the convergence of rays via a lens or mirror is not the only reason why an object may appear blurred; another is that the object is too ''close''! A late twist in the story of the Barrovian case—presumably unknown to all the characters from Bourne in the 16th century to Clarke in the 18th—is that the concave-mirror version, including the application of the cathetus rule, is discussed in Ptolemy's ''Optics''.<ref>Experiment {{serif|IV}}.1, translated in [[#smith-1996|Smith, 1996]], pp.&#8239;194–5, with further commentary in [[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], pp.&#8239;104–7.</ref> For a given position of the eye and a given point of reflection, Ptolemy marks three object positions for which the cathetus rule will place the image respectively at the eye, behind the eye, and nowhere (or, as we would say, at infinity), and indicates the range of object positions for which the rule places the image behind the mirror. For the case in which the rule would place the image behind the eye, he claims that the object seems to be in front of the mirror (in violation of the rule) because the visual faculty is biased toward the surface from which the reflection comes. Similarly, when the rule places the image at infinity or at the eye, Ptolemy says it is perceived to be ''on the mirror''. Later, for a single spherical surface, Ptolemy gives what would amount to a refractive version of the experiment, if it were described in the same detail.<ref>Theorem {{serif|V}}.9, translated in [[#smith-1996|Smith, 1996]], p.&#8239;252, with commentary in [[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], p.&#8239;119 &amp; figure&#8239;3.15.</ref> Less likely to have escaped notice is the related example given by Alhacen,<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], p.&#8239;451 (par.&#8239;2.331) and figure 5.2.34b on p.&#8239;254 (other volume); [[#risner-1572|Risner, 1572]], p.&#8239;162, reprised by Witelo at his pp.&#8239;314–5.</ref> and cited by Bacon,<ref>[[#bacon-combach-1614|Bacon/Combach, 1614]], pp.&#8239;139–40; [[#bacon-burke-1928|Bacon/Burke, 1928]], pp.&#8239;553–5; [[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]], p.&#8239;268.</ref> for which the cathetus rule places one of the images behind the eye. Here Alhacen does not comment on the evident impossibility, whereas Bacon, like Ptolemy, blames the limitations of vision: <blockquote>But in all these diversities of appearances the image is never truly apprehended unless its place is beyond the mirror, or between the sight and the mirror; hence what appears in the center of the eye or behind the head is not perceived there. For vision is not born to apprehend the positions of forms unless they are in front of it.<ref>[[#bacon-combach-1614|Bacon/Combach, 1614]], p.&#8239;140; ''cf''. [[#bacon-burke-1928|Bacon/Burke, 1928]], p.&#8239;555.</ref> </blockquote> In the Barrovian case, in the words of Barrow's definitions of an image, the point toward which the rays converge is neither "light… again collected in one place", because the light never gets there, nor a place from which rays "seem to diverge", because they ''con''verge. (That is, in modern terms, it is neither a real image nor a virtual image.) Therefore, according to Barrow's criteria, it should not be the perceived image. But what should be? Barrow does not have an answer that passes the test of experiment. So we are forced to admit that in the Barrovian case, as in all the other cases surveyed by Tacquet (if he is to be believed), the ancient cathetus rule does no worse than Barrow's post-Keplerian principle of image location.{{efn|In modern terms, the point toward which the rays converge in the Barrovian case is a virtual object presented to the front surface of the eye, which refracts the rays toward a nearer point, which in turn becomes a virtual object presented to the interface between the cornea and the aqueous humor, and so on, until a real image is formed in front of the retina. From this image the rays diverge again to form a blurred picture ''on'' the retina (as Gregory notes in his [[#gregory-prop-30|Prop.&#8239;30]], quoted above). What is presented to the observer's retina is thus easily explained and uncontroversial. What the observer makes of it is another matter: "Insofar as I can determine", says Shapiro ([[#shapiro-1990|1990]], p.&#8239;178, n.&#8239;206), "there is still no generally accepted explanation for the 'Barrovian case.'&#8239;"}} However, Barrow's principle manifestly does better than "that antient and common one" in explaining another case: the location of the image seen by refraction in a plane surface, which Barrow analyzes by some inspired pre-calculus geometry and "the most recently given law or hypothesis of refraction (discovered by the illustrious Descartes, but now, I believe, embraced by most of the better Opticians…)".<ref>Translated from [[#barrow-1669|Barrow, 1669]] (introduction); ''cf''. [[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;113.</ref> [[File:Barrow-tangential.svg|thumb|374px|Isaac Barrow's location of the tangential image ''Z'' of an object-point ''A'' seen by an observer at ''O'' due to refraction. The tangential image is the point of tangency between the refracted ray produced back from ''O'', and the ''caustic'' (common tangent curve) of all the other produced refracted rays from the same object-point in the same plane of refraction. Point ''K'' is the image location given by the old cathetus rule; it lies on the cathetus ''AB''. Point ''P'', where the caustic meets the cathetus, is the ''paraxial'' image, i.e. the image of ''A'' seen by an observer on the cathetus, below ''B''.]] Given an object-point ''A'' in the rarer medium, another point ''X'' in that medium, and the constraint that the (produced) refracted ray must pass through ''X'', Barrow seeks the refracted ray. He finds that there are two solutions which merge under a certain condition, under which he renames ''X'' as ''Z'' and supposes that the eye (at ''O'') looks along the refracted ray, which thereby becomes what he calls the "principal ray" (''ZO'' in the figure), i.e. the ray through the center of the eye.<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;130,&#8239;132–3.</ref> He then argues that ''Z'' is where the eye sees the image, because if we take two neighboring refracted rays from the same object-point ''A'' in the same plane of refraction, one on each side of the principal ray (e.g., the rays passing through ''C'' and ''D''), and produce them back through the interface, they intersect the principal ray ''ZO'' on opposite sides of the point ''Z''. And this point, as he has found, is ''beyond the cathetus'' with respect to the eye.<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;133–4.</ref> Whereas "Alhazen and most of the multitude of opticians after him" would place the image at ''K'', i.e. at the intersection of the produced principal ray ''ZO'' and the cathetus ''AB'', Barrow notes that only one ray from ''A'' (namely ''AO'') is produced back through ''K'' unless the eye is on the cathetus,<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;134 &amp; n.&#8239;86, quoting ''Lectiones'' {{serif|V}}, §21, incorrectly numbered 20 in the original printing ([[#barrow-1669|Barrow, 1669]], pp.&#8239;44–6).</ref> in which case, as he shows in the previous lecture,<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;131–2.</ref> all refracted rays that enter the pupil will, when produced back through the interface, intersect the cathetus at nearly the same point (marked ''P'' in our figure). If the eye is ''off''&#8202; the cathetus, the image-point ''Z''&#8202; found by Barrow&#8202; is what we now call the '''tangential''' image—because it is the point of tangency between the (produced) line of sight and the '''[[w:Caustic (optics)|caustic]]''' (common tangent curve) of all the (produced) refracted rays originating from the same object-point in the same plane of refraction.<ref>[[#darrigol-12|Darrigol, 2012]], pp.&#8239;73–4; [[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;109,&#8239;139. The term ''caustic''—but not the concept—was apparently coined in 1690 by [[w:Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus|Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus]] ([[#darrigol-12|Darrigol, 2012]], pp.&#8239;28,&#8239;74–5; [[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;157–8 &amp; n.&#8239;165).</ref> This tangency explains his procedure: for the given object-point ''A'', there can be two refracted rays produced through the target point ''X''&#8202; if ''X'' is ''off'' the caustic, but only one if it is ''on'' the caustic.<ref>''Cf''. [[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;108, Figure 1.</ref> If, on the contrary, the eye is ''on'' the cathetus (below ''B''), the image-point found by Barrow is the cusp of the caustic (our point ''P''), which is now known as the '''[[w:Paraxial approximation|paraxial]]''' image, and which ''satisfies the cathetus rule in the limiting case''.{{efn|Barrow finds the paraxial image before he finds the tangential image. That the former is the limit of the latter follows from the displayed equation on p.&#8239;148 of [[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], by letting {{mvar|i }}and{{mvar| r}} approach zero, so that their cosines approach 1, yielding the paraxial equation on p.&#8239;147. These equations are for a spherical surface, but are easily adapted for a plane surface by putting ''&rho;''&#8239;&rarr;&#8239;&infin;.}} Barrow refers to the tangential image as the "relative" image, which is "mutable" and "less important", and to the paraxial image as the "absolute" image, which is "simple" and "principal".<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;109,&#8239;136.</ref> In both cases he applies the term "image" to a point that ''nearly'' coincides with all the intersections between rays entering the pupil from the same object-point; in this he follows Kepler and Roberval, against Gregory.<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;128–30; [[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;211–13 (Props.&#8239;20,&#8239;23); [[#gregory-bruce-06|Gregory/Bruce, 2006]], Prop.&#8239;36.</ref> Nowadays, of course, we tend to think of the tangential image in contradistinction to the '''sagittal''' image. The latter, Barrow ignores;<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;172, n.&#8239;101.</ref> where he says that only one (produced) refracted ray passes through the image-point alleged by the cathetus rule (point ''K''), he implicitly confines his attention to rays in the same plane of refraction on the same side of the cathetus. It is left to his successor and former student, [[w:Isaac Newton|Isaac Newton]], to point out that in consequence of the axial symmetry about the cathetus, a whole cone of refracted rays shares this property, giving a second image-point (''K''), which is now called the sagittal image, and which ''exactly satisfies the cathetus rule''.<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;135–6.</ref> Recall, however, that Newton's observation is partly anticipated by Kepler, who considers two rays in the said cone,<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;85–6 (Prop.&#8239;17); ''cf''. [[#darrigol-12|Darrigol, 2012]], p.&#8239;74, and [[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;121.</ref> but subsequently ignores the sagittal image.<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;123–4.</ref> Interchanging the dense and rare media, we return to the [[#first-counterex-refr|case considered by Kepler]] in which (e.g.) one looks into still water from above, with the eyes in a common plane of refraction.<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;88–9 (Prop.&#8239;19).</ref> Here Barrow offers the following "not inelegant" experiment, which confirms the proposition of Kepler (not cited) and "clearly destroys the doctrine of Alhazen and his followers".<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;134–5 &amp; n.&#8239;89, quoting ''Lectiones'' {{serif|V}}, §22, incorrectly numbered 21 in the original printing ([[#barrow-1669|Barrow, 1669]], p.&#8239;46).</ref> Attach a weight ''F''&#8202; to a string and hang it from a pivot ''G'', with ''G'' above the water's surface and ''F''&#8202; below, adjusting the height and depth so that, when your eyes are level and facing the string, the refracted image of ''F''&#8202; appears just below the reflected image of ''G''. With your eyes in this natural attitude, the two images indeed appear aligned with the string and its reflected image—that is, on the cathetus. But now tilt your head so that both eyes are in a common plane of reflection&#10744;refraction, and the refracted image of ''F''&#8202; has moved toward you, away from the reflected image of ''G''—that is, away from the cathetus, in defiance of the ancient rule. Seeing is believing.{{efn|Yes, I ''did'' try this at home.}} For oblique reflection in a convex spherical mirror, Barrow's "relative" image, like Kepler's image with the eyes in a common plane of reflection,<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;86–8 (Prop.&#8239;18).</ref> is on the observer's side of the cathetus. Considering the object-point as a general point on an infinitely long line perpendicular to the mirror, Barrow shows that the image of the line is curved and angled to it, whereas the cathetus rule, "gratuitously assumed and contrary to reason", would have the image in line with the object. But, in an apparent reference to Tacquet—who claims to have verified experimentally "a hundred times" that the image is in line, and backs the claim by appealing to the axial symmetry about the cathetus,<ref>[[#tacquet-1669|Tacquet, 1669]], p.&#8239;222 (Prop.&#8239;19).</ref> although the line of sight violates that symmetry—Barrow concedes that the deviation of this image from the cathetus is harder to observe than the deviation of the refracted image in the aforesaid plumb-line experiment, with the eyes in a common plane of refraction: there the reflected image marks the cathetus, and the refracted image is manifestly not on it.<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;142–3, quoting Barrow, ''Lectiones'' {{serif|XVI}}.</ref> === Newton and the "axiom" of stigmatism === Newton's salvage of the cathetus rule for the sagittal image, in the case of axial symmetry about the cathetus, is relegated to his posthumously published ''Optical Lectures'' (originally delivered 1670–72). In his better-known ''Opticks'', the first 19 pages consist of eight definitions followed by eight "Axioms and their Explications", by which he then claims to have given "the sum of what hath hitherto been treated of in Opticks" or at least "what hath been generally agreed on".<ref>[[#newton-2010|Newton (2010)]], pp.&#8239;19–20.</ref> "Despite his grandiose claim," says Shapiro,<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;149.</ref> "he did do a remarkable job of compressing elementary geometrical optics into nine pages." The compression begins with the following "axiom" on p.&#8239;10: <blockquote>'''Ax. {{serif|VI}}.''' ''Homogeneal Rays which flow from several Points of any Object, and fall perpendicularly or almost perpendicularly on any reflecting or refracting Plane or spherical Surface, shall afterwards diverge from so many other Points, or be parallel to so many other Lines, or converge to so many other Points, either accurately or without any sensible Error. And the same thing will happen, if the Rays be reflected or refracted successively by two or three or more Plane or Spherical Surfaces''. The Point from which Rays diverge or to which they converge may be called their ''Focus''.&#8239;… </blockquote> In other words, for reflection or refraction by a plane or spherical surface, if the angles of incidence are not too large, the image of the object-point (although the term ''image'' has not yet been introduced) will be near enough to ''stigmatic'', at least for "homogeneal" (monochromatic) rays. This axiom leads to four rules, stated without proof, for locating the focus of the rays reflected or refracted by a plane surface ("''Cas''.&#8239;1"), reflected by a spherical surface ("''Cas''.&#8239;2"), refracted by a spherical surface ("''Cas''.&#8239;3"), and refracted by a lens ("''Cas''.&#8239;4"). Here we should emphasize, although Newton does not, that in the first three cases—those which involve a single surface and a single cathetus—the stated location of the focus is ''on the cathetus''. In his next "axiom" (p.&#8239;14), Newton gives the condition under which a set of foci makes a picture; but, unlike Kepler, he implicitly acknowledges the independent existence of the foci: <blockquote>'''Ax. {{serif|VII}}.''' ''Wherever the Rays which come from all the Points of any Object meet again in so many Points after they have been made to converge by Reflection or Refraction, there they will make a Picture of the Object upon any white Body on which they fall''. </blockquote> Thence he explains the [[w:Camera obscura|camera obscura]], the eye, long- and short-sightedness, and correcting spectacles. In the final "axiom" of the set (p.&#8239;18), he endorses Barrow's principle of image location without naming Barrow or using the word ''image'': <blockquote>'''Ax. {{serif|VIII}}.''' ''An Object seen by Reflexion or Refraction, appears in that place from whence the Rays after their last Reflexion or Refraction diverge in falling on the Spectator's Eye''. </blockquote> For a plane mirror, he explains, if that place of divergence is point ''a'', "these Rays do make the same Picture in the bottom of the Eyes as if they had come from the Object really placed at ''a''…" As further examples he cites a prism with refracted rays diverging from ''d'', and a lens with refracted rays diverging from ''q''. Then he abruptly refers to the "Image of the Object" at ''q''&#8202; as having a certain size, and goes on to use the term ''image'' routinely, without further introduction. But he has implied, immediately after Ax.&#8239;{{serif|VI}}, that a place of divergence is a "focus", allowing us to interpret that "axiom" as giving sufficient conditions for the approximate stigmatism of the image. Now let us consider the implications of stigmatism. For brevity, we shall follow Barrow by using the term '''inflection''' to mean either reflection or refraction.<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;130,&#8239;136,&#8239;171&#8239;(n.&#8239;78), citing [[#barrow-1669|Barrow, 1669]], pp.&#8239;10&#8239;(§&#8239;11),&#8239;22,&#8239;111.</ref>{{efn|Not until 1675 was the term ''inflection'' hijacked for diffraction by [[w:Robert Hooke|Hooke]] and Newton; see [[#darrigol-12|Darrigol, 2012]], pp.&#8239;92–3 &amp; n.&#8239;29.}} If the image of an object-point in the inflecting surface is ''stigmatic'', it is the common point of intersection of all the inflected rays (for a real image), or of all the inflected ray-lines produced back through the surface (for a virtual image); in either case, it is a ''point of intersection of all lines of sight'' to the object-point via the surface (produced rectilinearly through the surface if necessary). Hence a ray incident along the cathetus, when "inflected" (and produced if necessary), passes through the same image-point. But that ray is ''undeviated'': it is transmitted without refraction or reflected back along itself, so that the "inflected" ray and the resulting line of sight remain on the cathetus. Thus the image-point lies at the intersection of the cathetus and any other line of sight (whether the image is real or virtual). Conversely, if the image-point lies at the intersection of the cathetus and the line of sight, then, if "the" image-point is to be consistent, all such lines of sight must intersect the cathetus at the same point, and therefore must intersect each other at that point, which is therefore a stigmatic image. In short: :{{box|padding=1ex|The cathetus rule is equivalent to the proposition that ''the image of the object-point is stigmatic within the working aperture, which admits the cathetus''.}} Notice that the derivation of this equivalence ''does not depend on any law of reflection or refraction'' except that a normally-incident ray is undeviated. Thus the equivalence, whatever its importance or lack thereof, may be rightly assigned a status that the ancients wrongly assigned to the cathetus rule itself: the status of being as fundamental as the laws of reflection and refraction. In the case of the sagittal image formed by inflection at a surface axially symmetrical about the cathetus, the image is stigmatic within a working aperture consisting of two infinitesimal areas, one containing the foot of the cathetus and the other containing a circle with its axis on the cathetus. The cathetus admitted by the working aperture may be notional provided that it is unambiguous, so that we cannot move the cathetus without moving the "[[#active|active]]" part of the surface. For example, while the conditions of Newton's "Ax.&#8239;{{serif|VI}}" do not say that the working aperture admits the cathetus, they do say that the inflecting surface is plane or spherical, which implies that it can be uniquely produced (extended) so as to admit a unique undeviated ray—the "notional" cathetus—for a given object-point. And under these conditions, according to the "axiom", the image is stigmatic "either accurately or without any sensible Error." So, after the cathetus rule has been reduced to a peculiarity of the sagittal image and dismissed from the elementary teaching of optics, a proposition implying wider conditions under which the rule holds "either accurately or without any sensible Error" is put up as ''axiomatic'' at the beginning of the introductory treatise by the highest authority on the subject! In the statements and applications of the cathetus rule by ancient and medieval opticians, the assumption of stigmatism is always unrecognized and sometimes patently absurd. Alhacen's retention of the rule for cylindrical and conical mirrors may be consigned to the absurd category, except in cases of bilateral symmetry about the plane of reflection, for which the working aperture may be reduced to an infinitesimally narrow strip straddling that plane; in those cases the assumption of stigmatism may still be inexact, but is at least not absurd. In the unrecognized category, but ''almost'' recognized, are the cases which exploit the axial symmetry to claim that the image-point is on the cathetus although it is viewed from off the cathetus; this reasoning tacitly assumes that the image-point stays put as the line of sight moves off the cathetus, which is true if the various lines of sight have a common intersection. For example, Alhacen, having established that the image of the center of the eye in a convex spherical mirror is on the cathetus, extends the argument to another point on the eye, although that point is seen from off the cathetus;<ref>[[#smith-2006|Smith, 2006]], pp.&#8239;396–7.</ref> and Tacquet argues from the same symmetry that the image of a rod aligned with the cathetus is likewise aligned with the cathetus, although it is best seen from off the cathetus.<ref>[[#tacquet-1669|Tacquet, 1669]], p.&#8239;222 (Prop.&#8239;19).</ref> Apparently the first writer to recognize the ''necessity'' of stigmatism is Benedetti, who, in his sixth letter to Vimercato (see [[#sixth|above]]), introduces the counterexample of the spherical burning mirror by saying "I will prove to you that at no point can all the reflected rays meet each other."<ref>[[#benedetti-1585|Benedetti, 1585]], p.&#8239;342.</ref> But in the useful range of cases that satisfy the conditions of Newton's "Ax.&#8239;{{serif|VI}}"—&#8239;that the surface is plane or spherical, and that the angles of incidence are not too large—ancient and medieval investigators should indeed have found the cathetus rule to be true "either accurately or without any sensible Error." That range of cases also includes the following: * When we look nearly vertically into still water, the departure of the image from the cathetus is imperceptible, as conceded by Kepler,<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], p.&#8239;89, end of Prop.&#8239;19.</ref> confirmed by Barrow,<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;131–2, except that the diagram is upside-down for an air-water surface.</ref> and implied in Newton's "''Cas''.&#8239;1." * The same applies to looking nearly vertically ''out of''&#8202; the water (also covered by "''Cas''.&#8239;1"), as shown by Barrow, who further implies that the "absolute" image is the limit of the "relative" (tangential) image as the eye approaches the cathetus,<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;132–4.</ref> which he calls the "axis" or "radiant axis".<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;108.</ref>{{efn|Not to be confused with what he calls the "optical axis", which is synonymous with his "principal ray" and passes through the center of the eye ([[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;137,&#8239;141,&#8239;171&#8239;n.&#8239;79).}} * Parallel incident rays refracted by a spherical surface, with small deviations, cut the axis at nearly the same point, as noted by Kepler,<ref>[[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp.&#8239;205–6 (Prop.&#8239;15).</ref> and by Barrow,<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;144.</ref> who shows that an object-point at a finite distance gives the same result,<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;147.</ref> in agreement with Newton's "''Cas''.&#8239;3." These are some of the reasons why Newton's "axiom", together with the case of the sagittal image, prove useful enough to launch the cathetus rule on a second, incognito career. == A cathetus by any other name… == === Anon. === [[File:Hyperbolic mirror.svg|thumb|300px|Stigmatic image {{math|''F''₂}} of a virtual object-point{{math| ''F''₁&#8202;,}} formed by reflection in a convex hyperboloidal mirror with foci {{math|''F''₁}}and{{math| ''F''₂&#8202;}}. Rays initially directed toward{{math| ''F''₁}} are reflected through{{math| ''F''₂&#8202;,}} including the undeviated ray{{math| ''F''_2&#8202;''F''₁&#8202;,}} which is the cathetus. Thus the image point is the intersection of the cathetus with any other reflected ray.]] The equivalence between stigmatism and the cathetus rule is apparent in any diagram that shows a single surface bringing many rays from a single object-point to a focus at a single image-point, with one of the rays perpendicular to the surface. The (actual or assumed) stigmatism of the image is shown by the concurrence of the lines, and the point of concurrence is the point where every refracted or reflected ray (produced if necessary) meets the undeviated perpendicular ray—the cathetus. Such diagrams are offered in the widely-used text by Jenkins &amp; White ([[#jenkins-white-76|1976]]) on pp.&nbsp;47, 48, 49, and 100 (Fig.&#8239;6B), the first and last being for an object at infinity. In each of these cases, the authors take the surface to be spherical (so that the stigmatism is only approximate) and the perpendicular ray is identified only by its passing through the center of curvature. If the image of an object-point is stigmatic, it is uniquely located by ''any two rays'' belonging to that object-point, and we might as well choose those rays for convenience. For a single surface, the most obvious convenience is to let one of the rays be the one along the cathetus, so that it is undeviated. The location of the image then becomes a straightforward but unacknowledged application of the cathetus rule. This is how the image-point is located in our [[#Introduction:_Undeniable_implausibility|Figure&#8239;1]] above. This is how Jenkins &amp; White ([[#jenkins-white-76|1976]], pp.&#8239;56–7) and [[w:George S. Monk|Monk]] ([[#monk-63|1963]], pp.&#8239;8–9) derive the "Gaussian formula" relating the object and image distances for a spherical refracting surface—without explaining that the generality of the angles implies the stigmatism of the image within the accuracy of the formula. === Axis === The convenience of choosing a ray along the cathetus is multiplied if the object-point is on the axis of a system with several coaxial surfaces, so that the axis is perpendicular to all the surfaces. Then the image formed by the first surface is on the axis, which is therefore the cathetus for the second surface, which therefore forms another image on the axis, and so on, so that the axis serves the common cathetus for all the surfaces, and the final image is where the final refracted or reflected ray cuts that common cathetus. Thus Jenkins &amp; White ([[#jenkins-white-76|1976]]) explain how to locate the image of an object-point on the axis of two thin lenses (pp.&#8239;68–9, Fig.&#8239;4{{serif|I}}), or of one thick lens (pp.&#8239;78–9, Fig.&#8239;5A),<ref>''Cf''. [[#hecht-17|Hecht, 2017]], p.&#8239;167, Fig.&#8239;5.14 (b) &amp; (c).</ref> especially for an object-point at infinity (pp.&#8239;84–5, Fig.&#8239;5G); the intermediate steps need not detain us (yet), except that their purpose is to find where the final refracted ray cuts the axis, because "the axis itself is considered as the second light ray" (p.&#8239;69; ''cf''.&nbsp;p.&#8239;79). The beginnings of this approach may be discerned in [[w:Bonaventura Cavalieri|Bonaventura Cavalieri]]'s "Six Geometrical Exercises" of 1647.<ref>[[#cavalieri-1647|Cavalieri, 1647]], p.&#8239;464ff; [[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;127–8.</ref> But Barrow calls the cathetus the axis where there is only one surface, axially symmetrical about it.<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;108.</ref> Jenkins &amp; White ([[#jenkins-white-76|1976]]) do likewise in diagrams showing the focal points of a spherical refracting surface (p.&#8239;46; four cases)<ref>Cases (b) and (d) are respectively equivalent to Figs. 5.11 and 5.10 in Hecht ([[#hecht-17|2017]], p.&#8239;165), except that Hecht does not name the "axis".</ref> and a spherical reflecting surface (p.&#8239;99; two cases)<ref>Also in Fig.&#8239;5.61 in Hecht ([[#hecht-17|2017]], p.&#8239;196).</ref>; and in those cases where the image is at a finite distance, its assumed stigmatism is seen from the concurrence of the ray-lines, and its location is seen to be consistent with the cathetus rule. Jenkins &amp; White ([[#jenkins-white-76|1976]], pp.&#8239;56–7) and Monk ([[#monk-63|1963]], pp.&#8239;8–9) even use the word ''axis'' in their derivations of the "Gaussian formula", albeit only in the text. Here Jenkins &amp; White make ad-hoc approximations from the outset, and Monk does so at the second step. For reasons which will become apparent, we shall now re-derive this formula in a more disciplined manner, introducing assumptions only as they are needed, after showing what can be deduced without them.<span id="f-sagit"></span> [[File:Refraction-at-spherical-surface.svg|thumb|720px|Distances and angles for refraction at a spherical surface.]] Let {{mvar|O}} be an object-point facing a spherical refracting surface (separating two homogeneous isotropic media) whose radius of curvature is {{mvar|r}} (positive if convex as seen from{{mvar| O}}) with center{{mvar| C}}, so that {{mvar|OC}} is the cathetus ([[#f-sagit|Figure&nbsp;6]]). Let {{mvar|V}} (for ''vertex'') be the foot of the cathetus, at a distance ''s'' from{{mvar| O}}.&#8239; Let the point of refraction be{{mvar| P}}.&#8239; The ''axial'' symmetry of the interface and media about the cathetus{{mvar| OC}}&#8202; implies a bilateral symmetry about the plane of the cathetus and the incident ray{{mvar| OP}}, which in turn implies that the refracted ray must remain in that plane.{{efn|Alternatively we can argue that by the bilateral symmetry, the normal to the surface at{{mvar| P}}&#8202; is in the plane of symmetry, which is therefore the plane of the incident ray and the normal, whence, by the law first articulated by Ptolemy, the refracted ray is in that plane. But I submit that the symmetry is enough, and that the law of Ptolemy follows from it.}} So let the point{{mvar| I}}, at a distance ''s&prime;''&#8202; from{{mvar| V}}, be the intersection of the refracted ray and the cathetus (if the refracted ray is parallel to the cathetus, we shall consider {{mvar|I}}&#8202; to be at infinity). If angle {{mvar|OCP}} is called ''&alpha;'', then, treating ''&alpha;'' and ''ϕ'' (in [[#f-sagit|Figure&nbsp;6]]) as exterior angles of triangles, we find that the remote interior angles at {{mvar|I}} and{{mvar| O}}&#8202; are respectively ''&alpha;&minus;ϕ&prime;'' and ''ϕ&minus;&alpha;'' (as labeled). Now it is clear from the symmetry that ''s&prime;'' is an ''even'' function of ''&alpha;&minus;ϕ&prime;''. This, together with the smoothness of the function (apart from the [[w:Removable singularity|removable singularity]] at ''&alpha;&minus;ϕ&prime; ''&equals;&#8239;0), implies that the graph of ''s&prime;''&#8202; vs. ''&alpha;&minus;ϕ&prime;''&#8202; passes through the ''s&prime;'' axis with a slope of zero, so that the intersection {{mvar|I}}&#8202; is stationary as the observation point (on{{mvar| PI}}, beyond{{mvar| I}}&#8202;) passes through the cathetus{{mvar| OC}}. For the given object-point{{mvar| O}}, this stationarity of{{mvar| I}} is the limit of the intersection of a refracted ray with the cathetus as ''&alpha;&minus;ϕ&prime;&#8239;''&rarr;&#8239;0 (as claimed by Barrow), hence the limit of the intersection of two refracted rays with each other as both approach the cathetus, hence the limit of the tangential image-point as the observation point approaches the cathetus (as shown by Barrow). The limiting position of{{mvar| I}}, by construction, is on the cathetus, salvaging the cathetus rule as an approximation for small angles; and because the limit is a stationarity, the deviation from the limit, measured along the cathetus, is at worst 2nd-order in the angles (in which case the ray aberration is of 3rd order, as expected). This implies near-stigmatism for sufficiently small angles—justifying Newton's "axiom". All this has been shown from symmetry and smoothness, without relying on the exact law of refraction—or even the exact sphericity of the surface, provided that it is axially symmetric about the cathetus and sufficiently smooth. But now let us invoke the sphericity with center{{mvar| C}}, so that the segment{{mvar| CP}} (in [[#f-sagit|Figure&nbsp;6]]) has length{{mvar| r}}. Let the distances {{mvar|OP}} and{{mvar| PI}}&#8202; be respectively ''&sigma;'' and ''&sigma;&prime;'' (as shown). Then, by the [[w:Law of sines|sine rule]] in triangle{{mvar| OCP}}, we have ::<math>\frac{r}{\,\sigma\,} = \frac{\sin(\phi-\alpha)}{\sin{\alpha}}</math> or, after expanding the sine of the difference and simplifying, {{NumBlk|::|<math> \frac{r}{\,\sigma\,} = \sin\phi\,\cot\alpha - \cos\phi \,. </math>|{{EquationRef|1}}}} Similarly, applying the sine rule in triangle{{mvar| ICP}} (and noting that the exterior angle has the same sine as its supplementary interior angle), we have ::<math>\frac{r}{\,\sigma'} = \frac{\sin(\alpha-\phi')}{\sin{\alpha}} \,,</math> i.e. {{NumBlk|::|<math> \frac{r}{\,\sigma'} = \cos\phi' -\, \sin\phi'\cot\alpha \,. </math>|{{EquationRef|2}}}} To eliminate ''&alpha;'', we multiply ({{EquationNote|1}}) by <math>\tfrac{\sin\phi'}{r}</math>,&#8239; and ({{EquationNote|2}}) by <math>\tfrac{\sin\phi}{r}</math>,&#8239; and add the results, obtaining {{NumBlk|::|<math> \frac{\sin\phi'}{\sigma} + \frac{\sin\phi}{\sigma'} \,=\, \frac{\sin\phi\,\cos\phi' -\, \cos\phi\,\sin\phi'}{r} \,. </math>|{{EquationRef|3}}}} For the purpose of locating{{mvar| I}}, let us rearrange ({{EquationNote|3}}) as {{NumBlk|::|<math> \frac{1}{\,\sigma'} \,=\, \frac{\sin(\phi-\phi')}{r\sin\phi} - \frac{\sin\phi'}{\sigma\sin\phi} \,. </math>|{{EquationRef|4}}}} Then, for paraxial rays, the angles ''ϕ'' and ''ϕ&prime;'' are small so that the sines may be approximated by their arguments, and ''&sigma;'' and ''&sigma;&prime;'' may be approximated by ''s'' and ''s&prime;'' respectively, the fractional errors being 2nd-order in the angles. Thus we have {{NumBlk|::|<math> \frac{1}{\,s'} \approx \frac{\,\phi-\phi'}{r\phi} - \frac{\,\phi'}{s\phi} \,. </math>|{{EquationRef|5}}}} As {{mvar|CP}} is the radius of the spherical interface ([[#f-sagit|Figure&nbsp;6]]), it is the normal to the interface at{{mvar| P}}, whence ''ϕ'' and ''ϕ&prime;'' are the angles of incidence and refraction. Kepler did not know the exact law of refraction (although he had corresponded with [[w:Thomas Harriot|Thomas Harriot]], who did<ref>[[#lohne-59|Lohne, 1959]]; [[#shirley-51|Shirley, 1951]].</ref>{{efn|Apropos of our present inquiry, Harriot's rediscovery of the law of refraction, like [[w:Willebrord Snellius|Snell]]'s later rediscovery, seems to have been ironically assisted by the cathetus rule. See [[#vollgraff-1936|Vollgraff, 1936]], pp.&#8239;722–4; [[#lohne-59|Lohne, 1959]], p.&#8239;117; [[#schuster-00|Schuster, 2000]], pp.&#8239;275–6; [[#goulding-18|Goulding, 2018]], p.&#8239;543''n''.}}); but he was satisfied that for small angles, the ratios <math>\tfrac{\,\phi{-}\phi'}{\phi}</math> and <math>\tfrac{\,\phi'}{\phi}</math> are approximately constant,<ref>That he was aware of this fact as early as 1604 is shown in [[#kepler-donahue-00|Kepler/Donahue, 2000]], pp. 124, 127-9 (Prop.&#8239;8), &amp; 205–6 (Prop.&#8239;15)—although he made greater use of it in his ''Dioptrice'' of 1611, where it is stated up-front as "{{serif|VII}}. Axioma" [&zwj;[[#kepler-1859|Kepler (1859)]], p.&#8239;529]. ''Cf''. [[#darrigol-12|Darrigol, 2012]], pp.&#8239;34–5; [[#dijksterhuis-99|Dijksterhuis, 1999]], p.&#8239;29; [[#malet-2003|Malet, 2003]], p.&#8239;109; [[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;126–7.</ref> in which case, by ({{EquationNote|5}}), for given {{mvar|r}} and ''s'', the length ''s&prime;''&#8202; is approximately constant. The same conclusion applies to ''reflection'', for which we put ''ϕ&prime; &equals;&#8239;&minus;ϕ'' in ({{EquationNote|5}}) and write ''&minus;s&prime;''&#8202; for ''s&prime;''&#8202; (that is, change the positive direction of ''s&prime;''&#8202;), obtaining {{NumBlk|::|<math> \frac{\,1\,}{s} + \frac{1}{\,s'} \approx -\frac{2}{\,r\,} \,. </math>|{{EquationRef|6}}}} Barrow first published this result.<ref>Expressed as an equation by Shapiro ([[#shapiro-1990|1990]], p.&#8239;140), and matching [[#jenkins-white-76|Jenkins &amp; White, 1976]], p.&#8239;103, Eq.&#8239;(6b). On the priority of Barrow (vs. Huygens), see Shapiro, p.&#8239;128, and [[#dijksterhuis-99|Dijksterhuis, 1999]], pp.&#8239;39,&#8239;86.</ref> Having seen what can be done ''without'' the exact law of refraction, let us now invoke it: if {{mvar|n}} and{{mvar| n'}} denote the refractive indices of the two media ([[#f-sagit|Figure&nbsp;6]]), then the ratio&#8239; <math>n/\sin\phi'</math> is the same as&#8239; <math>n'\big/\sin\phi</math>.&#8201; Multiplying the exact equation ({{EquationNote|3}}) by this ratio, in the first form for terms in&#8202; <math>\sin\phi'</math> and the second for terms in&#8202; <math>\sin\phi</math>, we get {{NumBlk|::|<math> \frac{n}{\,\sigma\,} + \frac{\,n'}{\,\sigma'} = \frac{n'\cos\phi' -\, n\cos\phi}{r} \,. </math>|{{EquationRef|7}}}} For paracathetal&#10744;paraxial rays, the cosines may be replaced by 1&#8239; while ''&sigma;''&#8202; and ''&sigma;&prime;''&#8202; may be replaced by ''s''&#8202; and ''s&prime;''&#8202; (the fractional errors again being 2nd-order in the angles), to obtain {{NumBlk|::|<math> \frac{n}{\,s\,} + \frac{\,n'}{\,s'} \approx \frac{n'\! - n}{r} \,, </math>|{{EquationRef|8}}}} which is well known as the '''Gaussian formula''' for a spherical refracting surface,<ref>[[#jenkins-white-76|Jenkins &amp; White, 1976]], pp.&#8239;48,&#8239;56.</ref> although Barrow again gives an equivalent result.<ref>[[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], p.&#8239;147 (for refractive indices 1 and{{mvar| n}}).</ref> For ''reflection'', we put ''ϕ&prime; &equals;&#8239;&minus;ϕ''&#8239; and {{mvar|n'&#8239;&equals;&#8239;&minus;n}}&#8239; in ({{EquationNote|7}}) and ({{EquationNote|8}}) and change the positive directions of ''&sigma;&prime;'' and ''s&prime;'', obtaining {{NumBlk|::|<math> \frac{1}{\,\sigma\,} + \frac{1}{\,\sigma'} = -\frac{2\cos\phi}{r} </math>|{{EquationRef|9}}}} for the exact result, and ({{EquationNote|6}}) again for the paracathetal&#10744;paraxial approximation. For reflection in a ''plane'' mirror, we put {{mvar|r&#8239;&rarr;&#8239;&infin;}}&#8202; in the exact equation ({{EquationNote|9}}), which then reduces to ''&sigma;&prime; &equals;&#8239;&minus;&sigma;''&#8202; for all ''ϕ'', confirming that the image is stigmatic, on the cathetus, and as far behind the mirror as the object-point is in front. Later we shall find other uses for the exact equations ({{EquationNote|7}}) and ({{EquationNote|9}}). === Auxiliary axis === From an object-point ''off''&#8202; the axis of a coaxial system, a cathetus dropped to a facing spherical surface is not generally an axis of the whole system. But it is still an axis of that surface—wherefore it may be called an ''auxiliary axis'', while the axis of the system may be called the ''principal axis''—and a ray incident along that cathetus still offers the convenience of being undeviated by that surface. This convenience is exploited by Jenkins &amp; White ([[#jenkins-white-76|1976]]) to find the image formed by refraction into a denser medium at a convex surface (p.&#8239;51, Fig.&#8239;3F) or a concave surface (p.&#8239;52, Fig.&#8239;3G), or by reflection at a concave surface (pp.&#8239;100–101, Fig.&#8239;6E) or a convex surface (p.&#8239;101 &amp; Fig.&#8239;6F).<ref>The last two examples are also given by Hecht ([[#hecht-17|2017]], p.&#8239;197, Fig.&#8239;5.63), except that he does not use the term ''auxiliary axis'', but explains the concept using "Ray-1" in his Fig.&#8239;5.62 (p.&#8239;196).</ref> In each case, one ray is chosen to pass through the center of curvature—that is, along the cathetus—and there are two candidates for a second ray, either of which (within the accuracy of the method) cuts the cathetus at the image-point.{{efn|The "two candidates", one incident parallel to the principal axis and the other refracted parallel to that axis, would be enough by themselves, especially as the authors (Jenkins &amp; White, [[#jenkins-white-76|1976]]) are describing what they call the ''parallel-ray method''; but, idiosyncratically, they mention the undeviated ray before the second parallel ray (p.&#8239;51, and again on p.&#8239;101).}} For refraction at a single surface, as the same authors show (p.&#8239;52 &amp; Fig.&#8239;3H), we can even use an auxiliary axis to locate the image of an object-point on the principal axis. First we construct the auxiliary axis parallel to the oblique incident ray from the object-point. This axis crosses the focal surface (which must be determined separately) at a point on the refracted oblique ray, fixing the direction of that ray, which then meets the principal axis at the desired image-point. In effect, the cathetus rule is used twice—first to find the image of a hypothetical object-point at infinity, fixing the direction of a refracted ray from the actual object-point, and second to find the image of that point on the cathetus from that point.{{efn|In the corresponding case for a concave mirror ([[#jenkins-white-76|Jenkins &amp; White, 1976]], pp.&#8239;101–2, Fig.&#8239;6G), where the authors say "If in place of ray 4 another ray were drawn through ''C'' and parallel to ray 3," they are referring to an auxiliary axis, but they do not actually draw it.}} The extension of the method to multiple surfaces is obvious. The same authors, in a diagram already mentioned (p.&#8239;48), show seven rays diverging from an object-point and refracted by a spherical surface to a real image-point, with one of the rays passing through the center of curvature but not otherwise labeled. In the corresponding diagram for reflection (p.&#8239;100, Fig.&#8239;6C), the ray through the center of curvature is labeled the auxiliary axis, and all the other rays are shown as cutting this ray at the image-point. In each case, the image as drawn (''assumed'' to be stigmatic) is located in accordance with the cathetus rule. === Undeviated ray === Wherever the cathetus rule holds—that is, wherever the image is stigmatic within a working aperture that includes the cathetus—the necessary and sufficient property of the cathetus is that ''a ray incident along the cathetus is undeviated''. Thus, if the image of an object-point is approximately stigmatic within a working aperture that admits an approximately undeviated ray, then, subject to those approximations, the image lies at the intersection of the undeviated ray and any other emergent ray (produced if necessary) from the same object-point. In short, the approximately undeviated ray plays the role of the cathetus. [[File:ThinLens.png|thumb|374px|Location of the image{{mvar| B&prime;}} of an object-point{{mvar| B}}&#8202; due to a thin lens. The (approximately) undeviated ray{{mvar| BOB&prime;}} plays the role of the ancient cathetus: the image may be taken to be at the intersection of this ray and any other ray from{{mvar| B}}.]] A ray through the center of a ''thin'' lens—that is, a lens whose thickness is negligible compared with the object and image distances—may be considered undeviated even if it is oblique to the principal axis. This ray plays the same role in Newton's "''Cas''.&#8239;4" that the cathetus plays in his "''Cas''.&#8239;2".<ref>[[#newton-2010|Newton (2010)]], pp.&#8239;11–13. More precisely, the nominated center is midway between the front and back focal points.</ref> It plays the same role in Fig.&#8239;4C of Jenkins &amp; White ([[#jenkins-white-76|1976]], p.&#8239;63) that the ray through the center of curvature plays in their Fig.&#8239;3D (p.&#8239;48), and (under the name "chief ray") the same role in their Figs. 4B, 4D, &amp; 4E (pp.&#8239;62,&#8239;63,&#8239;64) that the cathetus respectively plays, anonymously in their Fig.&#8239;3C (p.&#8239;47) and as the "auxiliary axis" in their Figs. 3F &amp; 3H (pp.&#8239;51,&#8239;53). More constructions reminiscent of the cathetus rule, with the ray through the center of the lens in the role of the cathetus, can be found in their Figs. 4F, 4G, 4H (for each lens), 4{{serif|I}} (ditto), and 7B, and in (e.g.) Figs. 5.23, 5.24, and 5.29 of Hecht ([[#hecht-17|2017]], pp.&#8239;172,&#8239;176). For an object-point on the principal axis of the lens, the ray along that axis is ''exactly'' undeviated and serves as the cathetus for the entire lens, so that the cathetus rule applies to the entire lens if the image is stigmatic. Examples of this sort (again not mentioning the cathetus rule) can be discerned in Fig.&#8239;4A of Jenkins &amp; White, and in Fig. 5.15 of Hecht ([[#hecht-17|2017]], p.&#8239;168). == Off-axis astigmatism == The foregoing examples from Jenkins &amp; White ([[#jenkins-white-76|1976]]) and Hecht ([[#hecht-17|2017]]) use [[w:Gaussian optics|Gaussian approximations]]. They can model [[w:Chromatic aberration|chromatic aberration]] if we allow for variation of refractive indices with wavelength. But if they are to model 3rd-order monochromatic aberrations in the [[w:Meridional ray|meridional]] plane ([[w:Spherical aberration|spherical aberration]], tangential [[w:Coma (optics)|coma]], curvature of the tangential focal surface, and [[w:Distortion (optics)|distortion]]), they must be modified—perhaps by resorting to trigonometric ray-tracing in the meridional plane,<ref>See, e.g., [[#born-wolf-02|Born &amp; Wolf, 2002]], pp.&#8239;204–7.</ref> in which case we still have the problem of assessing aberrations that involve rays outside that plane. For sagittal coma we can use the well-known proportionality (to leading order) between sagittal and tangential coma.<ref>[[#jenkins-white-76|Jenkins &amp; White, 1976]], p.&#8239;164.</ref> For [[w:Astigmatism (optical systems)|astigmatism]], however, we need a sample of rays outside the meridional plane. With spherical surfaces, the easiest way to take such a sample is to exploit the exactness of the cathetus rule for the sagittal image formed by a surface axially symmetrical about the cathetus. And this is where we reap the reward for delaying approximations in the above derivation of the "Gaussian formula". In our [[#f-sagit|Figure&nbsp;6]], suppose that the line {{mvar|OC}} is ''not'' the principal axis, but only an auxiliary axis. Let{{mvar| O}} be an off-axis object-point or an intermediate image thereof; and from{{mvar| O}}, let {{mvar|OPI}}&#8202; be the path of the '''chief ray'''—that is, the ray through the center of the main aperture (wherever the main aperture stop happens to be). Then the sagittal image formed by the surface{{mvar| VP}}&#8202; is{{mvar| I}}, whose position is given by equation ({{EquationNote|7}}) for a refractive surface, or ({{EquationNote|9}}) for a reflective surface. Equivalent results are given by Jenkins &amp; White, citing the derivation by Monk,<ref>[[#jenkins-white-76|Jenkins &amp; White, 1976]], p.&#8239;169, Eqs.&#8239;(9p), 2nd eq. (for refraction) and p.&#8239;111, 2nd eq. (for reflection), citing [[#monk-63|Monk, 1963]], pp.&#8239;424–6.</ref> who begins by saying that "if coma is absent, all the rays which have the same inclination… as{{mvar| OP}} with{{mvar| OC}} will intersect the line{{mvar| OC}}… in a point" which we call{{mvar| I}}. The condition that "coma is absent" is redundant because the conclusion follows from the axial symmetry about{{mvar| OC}} (which Monk ignores, calling {{mvar|PC}}&#8202; the axis). No such condition is assumed in the earlier derivation by [[w:Alexander Eugen Conrady|Conrady]], first published in 1929,<ref>[[#conrady-92|Conrady (1992)]], pp.&#8239;409–10.</ref> which duly invokes the auxiliary axis, and which, in spite of its different sign convention, is the main source for our derivation of ({{EquationNote|7}}) above. Conrady's equation (d) corresponds to our ({{EquationNote|7}}), and agrees with the result that [[w:Principles of Optics|Born &amp; Wolf]] obtain by a longer process, involving a "thin pencil" of rays and a Hamiltonian characteristic function.<ref>[[#born-wolf-02|Born &amp; Wolf, 2002]], p.&#8239;186, Eq.&#8239;(22).</ref> None of these sources uses the word ''cathetus'' or refers to the cathetus rule. Corresponding expressions for the distance of the ''tangential'' image along{{mvar| PI}}&#8202; are given by the same authors and—most remarkably—by Barrow.<ref>On Barrow, and Newton's deference to him in this matter, see [[#shapiro-1990|Shapiro, 1990]], pp.&#8239;135–6,&#8239;147–8.</ref> In principle, we locate the tangential image by moving{{mvar| P}} along the arc{{mvar| VP}} (by an infinitesimal distance if we want an analytical result, or a finite distance if we are tracing rays numerically) and finding the intersection of the new{{mvar| PI}} with the old. The distance between the tangential and sagittal images along the old{{mvar| PI}}&#8202; is a measure of the astigmatism. By the axial symmetry, as we scan the aperture by rotating the arc{{mvar| VP}} about the axis{{mvar| OC}}, the tangential image likewise rotates about that axis, tracing a circular arc; and as we scan the aperture by moving{{mvar| P}} away from{{mvar| V}}, the sagittal image can only move along that axis. So the tangential and sagittal focal lines are perpendicular to each other, and lie in planes that intersect perpendicularly along the chief ray{{mvar| PI}}; but the sagittal focal line is ''not'' generally perpendicular to the chief ray. Thus, as Born &amp; Wolf note, it is not generally true that the focal lines are perpendicular to the chief ray "as is often incorrectly asserted in the literature".<ref>[[#born-wolf-02|Born &amp; Wolf, 2002]], p.&#8239;182. Earlier on the same page, Born &amp; Wolf themselves may seem to have asserted what they now deny. But the exculpatory words are "To the first order"; for a ''thin'' pencil, if the distance between the focal lines measured along the central ray is first-order, then the obliquity of either focal line to the central ray is ''second-order''.</ref> Indeed I have noticed that the offenders include Jenkins &amp; White ([[#jenkins-white-76|1976]]), who state that the sagittal focal line, which they call ''S'', is perpendicular to what they call the ''sagittal plane'' (p.&#8239;169), which contains the chief ray (see their Fig.&#8239;9P). They go on to say that on the sagittal focal surface, the images are "parallel to the spokes" (p.&#8239;169), whereas in fact the sagittal focal line for a point on a spoke need only be in the plane of the spoke and the axis. Their Fig.&#8239;6N (p.&#8239;112) is similarly misleading; the sagittal focal line ''S'' should be along the auxiliary axis—that is, parallel to the incoming rays (the object-point being at infinity). In our [[#f-sagit|Figure&nbsp;6]], the ''sagittal plane'' after refraction is the plane perpendicular to the plane of the diagram and containing the ray{{mvar| PI}}. If we leave the sagittal plane fixed and rotate the point of refraction about the axis (cathetus){{mvar| OC}}, the circle traced on the refracting surface is not identical to the intersection of that surface with the sagittal plane, but is tangential to that intersection, and the tangency is enough for calculating the astigmatism to leading order.<ref>Compare the corresponding remarks by Conrady ([[#conrady-92|1992]], top of p.&#8239;410).</ref> Thus Born &amp; Wolf get the same sagittal equation as Conrady in spite of their radically different method. In a coaxial system, as {{mvar|P}} traces a circle with axis{{mvar| OC}}, the path traced by the intersection of the refracted ray{{mvar| PI}} with the ''next'' surface is not generally a circle with its axis on the cathetus from {{mvar|I}}&#8202; to that surface, but again is tangential to such a circle. Hence equation ({{EquationNote|7}}) or ({{EquationNote|9}}) can be used with successive surfaces to find the successive positions of the sagittal image on the chief ray, and assess the final astigmatism, to leading order. == Conclusion: Unreasonable in what sense? == It has been shown that there are conditions under which the cathetus rule is true or nearly so. Let it be conceded that under these conditions the rule must be, in some sense, effective, and that this effectiveness, as far as it goes, is by definition reasonable. One might object that these conditions—that the image is stigmatic or nearly so, and the cathetus unambiguous—seem narrow, and that the effectiveness of the rule, by comparison, seems unreasonably wide. In response, one could point out that surfaces forming stigmatic or nearly stigmatic images are useful and therefore likely to be encountered in practice, and likely to encourage propagation of any principle found applicable to them. Moreover, the shapes nominated by Newton as producing nearly stigmatic images—plane or spherical, or, let us add, nearly so—may exist for reasons unrelated to their imaging properties: I may see my face reflected in a teapot, though the teapot is not an optical device. For these reasons, examples of the effectiveness of the rule might reasonably be prevalent, or at least prominent. When we delve into the history of that "antient and common" principle, however, any semblance of reasonableness evaporates. The cathetus rule was unanimously upheld for nearly 19 centuries although there was not a single non-tautological case in which the rule had been validly demonstrated. Even the tautological case—that in which the line of sight is along the cathetus—was botched from the beginning (recall Euclid's "postulates"), and eventually put on a secure footing after 13 centuries when Alhacen posed the examples of the eye lining up a sharp tip with its reflection, and the eye looking at its own reflection. But, after Kepler's attack in 1604 sent the rule into decline, only one more century passed before it was rehabilitated, without acknowledgment, by Newton's widely applicable "axiom" of approximate stigmatism, whereby the cathetus—disguised as the axis or the auxiliary axis or (generalized) as the undeviated ray—made itself extremely useful in "Gaussian" optics. Meanwhile the ''exact'' application of the rule to the sagittal image, for axial symmetry about the cathetus, languished in Newton's lecture notes, to be published posthumously in Latin, and to reappear in the 20th century—unnamed and unsourced—for the evaluation of 3rd-order astigmatism in coaxial systems with spherical surfaces, yielding the same formula as Hamiltonian theory, with less labor and less conceptual difficulty. For nearly nineteen centuries, until Benedetti (1585), the cathetus rule was a non-sequitur: the effectiveness of the rule, in so far as it was correctly described, was unreasonably unexplained. For the three centuries since Newton, it has been unreasonably unrecognized. == Additional information == === Acknowledgments === If my analysis of Benedetti ([[#benedetti-1585|1585]]) adds any value to Goulding's ([[#goulding-18|2018]]), much of the credit is due to [[w:Artificial intelligence|{{serif|AI}}]]—including not only [[w:Google Translate|Google Translate]], but also [[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] 3.5 (with a few "custom instructions"), which expedited the correction of [[w:Optical character recognition|OCR]] errors in the plain text from [[w:Google Books|Google Books]], and then gave a second opinion on translation. This article uses images from Wikimedia Commons. === Competing interests === None. === Ethics statement === This article does not concern research on human or animal subjects. == Notes == {{notelist|25em}} == References == {{reflist|16em}} == Bibliography == <div style="font-size: 111%"> {{refbegin|indent=yes}} *<span id="bacon-burke-1928">R. Bacon, tr. R.B.&#8239;Burke, 1928, ''The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon'' (2 vols.), University of Pennsylvania Press, vol.&#8239;2.</span> *<span id="bacon-combach-1614">R. Bacon (ed. J.&#8239;Combach), 1614, ''Perspectiva'', Frankfurt: Wolfgang Richter for Anton Humm; [https://books.google.com/books?id=Cn6k7IC-yaMC google.com/books?id=Cn6k7IC-yaMC].</span> *<span id="barrow-1669">I. Barrow, 1669, ''Lectiones {{serif|XVIII}}, Cantabrigiæin scholis publicis habitæ; in quibus opticorum phænomenωn genuinæ rationes investigantur, ac exponuntur'', London: William Godbid; [https://books.google.com/books?id=WpB_5y0XcN4C google.com/books?id=WpB_5y0XcN4C].</span> *<span id="barrow-fay-87">I. Barrow, tr. H.C.&#8239;Fay, 1987, ''Isaac Barrow's Optical Lectures'' (ed. A.G.&#8239;Bennett &amp; D.F.&nbsp;Edgar), London: Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers.</span> *<span id="benedetti-1585">G.B. Benedetti, 1585, ''Diversarum Speculationum Mathematicarum, et Physicarum, Liber'', Turin: Heirs of Niccolò Bevilacqua; [https://books.google.com/books?id=lhOWpKH6I_MC google.com/books?id=lhOWpKH6I_MC] &#10744; [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ec6bHphLvzMC google.com/books?id=Ec6bHphLvzMC].</span> *<span id="berkeley-1901">G. Berkeley (1901), "An essay towards a new theory of vision", 1709–32, in A.C.&#8239;Fraser (ed.), ''The Works of George Berkeley D.D.'' (4 vols.), Oxford, 1901, vol.&#8239;1, [https://archive.org/details/worksofberkeley01berkuoft archive.org/details/worksofberkeley01berkuoft], pp.&#8239;121–210.</span> *<span id="born-wolf-02">M. Born and E.&#8239;Wolf, 2002, ''Principles of Optics'', 7th Ed., Cambridge, 1999 (reprinted with corrections, 2002).</span> *<span id="cardona-gutierrez-20">C.A.&#8239;Cardona and J.&#8239;Gutiérrez, 2020, "On Berkeley's solution to the Barrovian case", ''Principia: An International Journal of Epistemology'', vol.&#8239;24, no.&#8239;2, pp.&#8239;363–89; [https://doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2020v24n2p363 doi.org/10.5007/1808-1711.2020v24n2p363] ([https://periodicos.ufsc.br/index.php/principia/article/view/64997/44662 PDF], open access).</span> *<span id="cavalieri-1647">B. Cavalieri, 1647, ''Exercitationes Geometricae Sex'', Bologna: Giacomo Monti; [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OXe4dPXGSDMC archive.org/details/bub_gb_OXe4dPXGSDMC].</span> *<span id="conrady-92">A.E. Conrady (1992), ''Applied Optics and Optical Design'', Part 1 (first published London: Oxford University Press, 1929), New&#8239;York: Dover, 1957, 1985, 1992.</span> *<span id="darrigol-12">O. Darrigol, 2012, ''A History of Optics: From Greek Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century'', Oxford.</span> *<span id="dijksterhuis-55">E.J. Dijksterhuis (ed.), 1955, ''The Principal Works of Simon Stevin'', vol.&#8239;1, Amsterdam: Swets &amp; Zeitlinger.</span> *<span id="dijksterhuis-99">F.J. Dijksterhuis, 1999, ''Lenses and Waves: Christiaan Huygens and the Mathematical Science of Optics in the Seventeenth Century''&#8239; (doctoral thesis),&#8239; University of Twente;&#8239; [http://doc.utwente.nl/33764/ doc.utwente.nl/33764]. (See also the book with the same author and title,&#8239; Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.)</span> *<span id="dijksterhuis-04">F.J. Dijksterhuis, 2004, "Once Snell breaks down: From geometrical to physical optics in the seventeenth century", ''Annals of Science'', vol.&#8239;61, no.&#8239;2 (Apr.&#8239;2004), pp.&#8239;165–85.</span> *<span id="dupre-10">S. Dupré, 2010, "William Bourne's invention. Projecting a telescope and optical speculation in Elizabethan England", in [[#vanHelden-et-al-10|Van Helden et al., 2010]], pp.&#8239;129–45.</span> *<span id="euclid-dasypodius-1557">Euclid (attrib.) and C.&#8239;Dasypodius (tr.), 1557, {{font|''Eυκλειδoυ Kατóπτρικα''|font=Times New Roman|size=120%}} &#10744; ''Euclidis Catoptrica'' (Greek and Latin, in facing columns, with no page numbers), Strasbourg ("Argentorati"): Rihel; [https://books.google.com/books?id=r4Y8AAAAcAAJ google.com/books?id=r4Y8AAAAcAAJ].</span> *<span id="euclid-heiberg-1895">Euclid (attrib.) and J.L.&#8239;Heiberg (ed.), 1895, ''Catoptrica'' (Greek and Latin, on facing pages), in J.L.&#8239;Heiberg &amp; H.&#8239;Menge (eds.), ''Euclidis Opera Omnia'' (9 vols.), Leipzig: Teubner, 1883–99, vol.&#8239;7, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0-0XAAAAMAAJ google.com/books?id=0-0XAAAAMAAJ], pp.&#8239;285–343.</span> *<span id="euclid-pena-1557">Euclid (attrib.) and J.&#8239;Pena (tr.), 1557, {{font|''Eυκλείδoυ Oπτικὰ καὶ Kατoπτρικά''|font=Times New Roman|size=120%}} &#10744; ''Euclidis Optica &amp; Catoptrica'' (in Greek and Latin), Paris: Andreas Wechelus; [https://books.google.com/books?id=StJOmA9SOTsC google.com/books?id=StJOmA9SOTsC].</span> *<span id="goulding-18">R. Goulding, 2018, "Binocular vision and image location before Kepler", ''Archive for History of Exact Sciences'', vol.&#8239;72, no.&#8239;5 (Sep.&#8239;2018), pp.&#8239;497–546; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/45211958 jstor.org/stable/45211958].</span> *<span id="gregory-1663">J. Gregory, 1663, ''Optica Promota'', London: J.&#8239;Hayes; [https://books.google.com/books?id=W2U_AAAAcAAJ google.com/books?id=W2U_AAAAcAAJ].</span> *<span id="gregory-bruce-06">J. Gregory, and I.&#8239;Bruce (tr.&#8239;&amp;&#8239;ed.), 2006, ''James Gregory's OPTICA PROMOTA'' (in English and Latin), [http://17centurymaths.com/contents/contentsGregory.htm 17centurymaths.com/contents/contentsGregory.htm].</span> *<span id="halliwell-1839">J.O. Halliwell (ed.), 1839, ''Rara Mathematica; or, A collection of treatises on the mathematics and subjects connected with them, from ancient inedited manuscripts'', London: John William Parker, [https://archive.org/details/raramathematicao00hallrich archive.org/details/raramathematicao00hallrich].</span> *<span id="hecht-17">E. Hecht, 2017, ''Optics'', 5th (Global) Ed., Pearson Education.</span> *<span id="jenkins-white-76">F.A.&#8239;Jenkins and H.E.&#8239;White, 1976, ''Fundamentals of Optics'', 4th Ed., New&#8239;York: McGraw-Hill.</span> *<span id="kepler-1604">J. Kepler, 1604, ''Ad Vitellionem Paralipomena, quibus Astronomiae Pars Optica traditur'', Frankfurt: Claude de Marne &amp; the heirs of Johann Aubry; [https://books.google.com/books?id=vLUgK23vc90C google.com/books?id=vLUgK23vc90C].</span> *<span id="kepler-1859">J. Kepler (1859), ''Dioptrice'' (first published Augsburg: Davidus Francus, 1611), in Kepler, ''Opera Omnia'' (ed. C.&#8239;Frisch), vol.&#8239;2, Frankfurt &amp; Erlangen: Heyder &amp; Zimmer, 1859, [https://books.google.com/books?id=KG6qKr4Ln90C google.com/books?id=KG6qKr4Ln90C], pp.&#8239;515–74.</span> *<span id="kepler-donahue-00">J. Kepler, tr. W.H.&#8239;Donahue, 2000, ''Optics: Paralipomena to Witelo &amp; Optical Part of Astronomy'', Santa Fe: Green Lion Press (reprinted 2021).</span> *<span id="lindberg-71">D.C. Lindberg, 1971, "Lines of influence in thirteenth-century optics: Bacon, Witelo, and Pecham", ''Speculum'', vol.&#8239;46, no.&#8239;1 (Jan.&#8239;1971), pp.&#8239;66–83; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2855089 jstor.org/stable/2855089].</span> *<span id="lindberg-81">D.C. Lindberg, 1981, ''Theories of vision from al-Kindi to Kepler'', University of Chicago Press, 1976 (paperback ed., 1981).</span> *<span id="lohne-59">J. Lohne, 1959, "Thomas Harriott (1560–1621): The Tycho Brahe of optics", ''Centaurus'', vol.&#8239;6, no.&#8239;2 (June 1959), pp.&#8239;113–121.</span> *<span id="malet-1990g">A. Malet, 1990g, "Gregorie, Descartes, Kepler, and the law of refraction", ''Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences'', vol.&#8239;40 (1990), no.&#8239;125, pp.&#8239;278–304.</span> *<span id="malet-1990k">A. Malet, 1990k, "Keplerian illusions: Geometrical pictures ''vs'' optical images in Kepler's visual theory", ''Studies in History and Philosophy of Science'', vol.&#8239;21, no.&#8239;1 (March 1990), pp.&#8239;1–40; 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(Cited page numbers match the Gutenberg HTML editions and the Dover editions.)</span> *<span id="pecham-gaurico-1504">J. Pecham (ed. L.&#8239;Gaurico), 1504, ''Perspectiva Communis'', Venice: Giovan Battista Sessa; [https://archive.org/details/joarchiepiscopic00peck archive.org/details/joarchiepiscopic00peck]. (The publisher's mark appears below the frontispiece.)</span> *<span id="pecham-hartmann-1542">J. Pecham (ed. G.&#8239;Hartmann), 1542, ''Perspectiva Communis'', Nuremberg: Johannes Petreius; [https://archive.org/details/perspectivacommv00peck archive.org/details/perspectivacommv00peck].</span> *<span id="ptolemy-govi-1885">C. Ptolemy (ed. G.&#8239;Govi), 1885, ''L'Ottica di Claudio Tolomeo'' (text in Latin; introduction in Italian), Turin: Paravia; [https://archive.org/details/lotticadiclaudi00eugegoog archive.org/details/lotticadiclaudi00eugegoog].</span> *<span id="risner-1572">F. Risner (ed.), 1572, ''Opticae Thesaurus. Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi… Vitellonis Thuringolopoli libri X'' (one vol.; two parts, separately paginated), Basel: per Episcopios; [https://books.google.com/books?id=V27nL0HJd78C google.com/books?id=V27nL0HJd78C].</span> *<span id="rohault-clarke-1735">J. Rohault (ed. S.&#8239;Clarke, tr. J.&#8239;Clarke), 1735, ''Rohault's System of Natural Philosophy'', 3rd Ed., London: Knapton, vol.&#8239;1; [https://archive.org/details/b30535578_0001 archive.org/details/b30535578_0001].</span> *<span id="sabra-67">A.I. Sabra, 1967, "The authorship of the ''Liber de crepusculis'', an eleventh-century work on atmospheric refraction", ''Isis'', vol.&#8239;58, no.&#8239;1 (Spring 1967), pp.&#8239;77–85; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/228388 jstor.org/stable/228388].</span> *<span id="schuster-00">J.A. Schuster, 2000, "Descartes ''opticien'': The construction of the law of refraction and the manufacture of its physical rationales, 1618–29", in S.&#8239;Gaukroger, J.A.&#8239;Schuster, &amp; J.&#8239;Sutton (eds.), ''Descartes' Natural Philosophy'', London: Routledge, pp.&#8239;258–312.</span> *<span id="shapiro-1990">A.E. Shapiro, 1990, "The ''Optical Lectures'' and the foundations of the theory of optical imagery", in M.&#8239;Feingold (ed.), ''Before Newton: The Life and Times of Isaac Barrow'', Cambridge, pp.&#8239;105–78.</span> *<span id="shapiro-2008">A.E. Shapiro, 2008, "Images: Real and Virtual, Projected and Perceived, from Kepler to Dechales", ''Early Science and Medicine'', vol.&#8239;13, no.&#8239;3, pp.&#8239;270–312; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20617731 jstor.org/stable/20617731].</span> *<span id="shirley-51">J.W. Shirley, 1951, "An early experimental determination of Snell's law", ''American Journal of Physics'', vol.&#8239;19, no.&#8239;9 (Dec.&#8239;1951), pp.&#8239;507–8; [https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1933068 doi.org/10.1119/1.1933068].</span> *<span id="smith-1996">A.M. Smith (tr.), 1996, "Ptolemy's theory of visual perception: An English translation of the ''Optics'' with introduction and commentary", ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'', vol.&#8239;86, no.&#8239;2; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3231951 jstor.org/stable/3231951].</span> *<span id="smith-2001">A.M. Smith (tr.&#8239;&amp;&#8239;ed.), 2001, "Alhacen's theory of visual perception: A critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of the first three books of Alhacen's ''De&nbsp;Aspectibus'', the medieval Latin version of Ibn&#8239;al-Haytham's ''Kitāb al-Manāzir''", in ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'', vol.&#8239;91, no.&#8239;4, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3657358 jstor.org/stable/3657358] (vol.&#8239;1: Introduction and Latin text), and no.&#8239;5, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3657357 jstor.org/stable/3657357] (vol.&#8239;2: English translation).</span> *<span id="smith-2006">A.M. Smith (tr.&#8239;&amp;&#8239;ed.), 2006, "Alhacen on the principles of reflection: A critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of Books 4 and 5 of Alhacen's ''De&nbsp;Aspectibus'', the medieval Latin version of Ibn&#8239;al-Haytham's ''Kitāb al-Manāzir''", in ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'', vol.&#8239;96, no.&#8239;2, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20020399 jstor.org/stable/20020399] (vol.&#8239;1: Introduction and Latin text), and no.&#8239;3, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20020403 jstor.org/stable/20020403] (vol.&#8239;2: English translation).</span> *<span id="smith-2008">A.M. Smith (tr.&#8239;&amp;&#8239;ed.), 2008, "Alhacen on image-formation and distortion in mirrors: A critical edition, with English translation and commentary, of Book 6 of Alhacen's ''De&nbsp;Aspectibus'', the medieval Latin version of Ibn&#8239;al-Haytham's ''Kitāb al-Manāzir''" (vol.&#8239;2: English translation), ''Transactions of the American Philosophical Society'', vol.&#8239;98, no.&#8239;1, sec.&#8239;2; 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Catoptrica: ''A Critical Edition of''&#8201; De speculis ''with an Introduction, English Translation and Commentary'', Kyushu University Press.</span> *<span id="unguru-72">S. Unguru, 1972, "Witelo and thirteenth-century mathematics: An assessment of his contributions", ''Isis'', vol.&#8239;63, no.&#8239;4 (Dec.&#8239;1972), pp.&#8239;496–508; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/229773 jstor.org/stable/229773].</span> *<span id="vanHelden-et-al-10">A.&#8239;Van Helden, S.&#8239;Dupré, R.&#8239;van Gent, &amp; H.&#8239;Zuidervaart (eds.), 2010, ''The Origins of the Telescope'', Amsterdam: KNAW Press; [https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/224188 dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/224188] (open access).</span> *<span id="vollgraff-1936">J.A.&#8239;Vollgraff, 1936, "Snellius' notes on the reflection and refraction of rays", ''Osiris'', vol.&#8239;1 (Jan.&#8239;1936), pp.&#8239;718–25; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/301634 jstor.org/stable/301634].</span> {{refend}} </div> == Further reading == Of all the authors cited above, Goulding ([[#goulding-18|2018]]), although his account ends early in the 17th century, has by far the most information on the cathetus rule, and he alone reports Benedetti's priority in disproving and salvaging it. On the modifications of the rule by Brengger and Stevin, Goulding gives ten pages where I give only a paragraph. For a concise general history of optics over the life of the traditional cathetus rule, see A.&#8239;Mark Smith, "Optics to the time of Kepler", ''Encyclopedia of the History of Science'' (Nov.&#8239;2022; rev. Jul.&#8239;2023), [https://doi.org/10.34758/v9kd-ad56 doi.org/10.34758/v9kd-ad56]. For a more expansive version, see [[#smith-2017|Smith, 2017]]. [[Category:Optics]] gymrctt4qb4qm1u4m6beboly9rie43d 0 302417 2720046 2719802 2025-06-29T18:26:41Z Conan 183430 /* Model Context Protocol (MCP) Course */ 2720046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Machine learning models designed for natural language processing}} [[File:LLM-logo.svg|thumb]] Large language models (LLM's) are software programs that are also known as a form of "artificial intelligence" (AI); LLM's are specifically an aspect of generative AI. This wiki area is for learning, teaching, and research related to LLM's. {{RightTOC}} [[Image:Multiple attention heads.png|right|280px|thumb|An illustration of multiple attention heads, each having its own criteria of relevance of other tokens for one of the tokens within the scope of a context window. (For the purpose of illustration, the context window consists of only one sentence.]] ==Discourse and ideas== Here is discourse and ideas related to large language models. Perhaps once significantly developed/refined, some of these can have their own sub-page or become a unique learning resource. ===Learning wikis as training data=== Unless laws change, Creative Commons content appears to be valid training data for LLM's. As LLM's progress and advance, more and more data can be utilized to training increasingly complex models. Learning wikis devoted to learning, teaching, and resource, that allow for original research and original content creation (related to learning, teaching, and research), can potentially be extremely valuable (in terms of educational value) for large language models. Perhaps in the future (if this does not already exist), large language models will be able to continuously be trained on, retain, and learn from new data and information. Perhaps in the future, an open source large language model could only be trained on Creative Commons data, and therefore, all generated content would also be licensed under Creative Commons. ==Discussion questions== Here are some learning and teaching oriented discussion questions related to large language models. Humans can use language and mental effort to explore these ideas collaboratively, or some of these could be used as prompts to see how an LLM might respond. * Would a large language model that is only trained on Creative Commons licensed data only be capable of generating responses to prompts that can also be rightly and correctly licensed under a Creative Commons license? * How might large language models affect learning and research. Will LLM's eventually seen like calculators are in math and sciences now? But for everything (all subjects/topics, including math, physics, ethics, biology, psychology, chemistry, engineering, art)? * What are some ethical considerations related to large language models that should be considered? * What are some pros and cons to open source large language models? Will open source LLM's likely become more advanced the propriety LLM's eventually? What do you think? * How can large language models help to advance and accelerate technological automation in ways that will benefit all of humanity? * In what ways can large language models help programmers to code? * Can music be thought of a language within the realm of large language models? * What is differentiable computing and how does differentiable computing relate to large language models? * How can teachers utilize large language models to help accelerate student learning and to help students learn more efficiently? == Educational prompt ideas== These are original prompt ideas regarding ways to learn about large language models, and also to explore using LLM's for learning, teaching, and research. Input these into your preferred LLM (without quotes) to see what results are generated. LLM's might produce interesting or useful answers in response to these prompts. Some of these prompts may be interesting or useful for discussions among and between humans. * "Describe to me how large language models can be utilized for learning, teaching, and research. Do this in an about 200 word two paragraph mini essay. Explain it to me like I am a freshman in community college." * "Give me a list of 12 ways that large language models can be utilized for learning, teaching, and research." * "How can LLM's be utilized to accelerate the pace of research and scientific discovery?" * "What are some ethical considerations related to large language models that should be considered?" * "What are some pros and cons to open source large language models? Will open source LLM's likely become more advanced the propriety LLM's eventually? What do you think?" * "What are some project ideas to integrate large language models in with humanoid robots, and/or other sorts of robots? Please give me 15 project ideas that can be relatively simple or extremely complex." * "Please search the Internet if possible. In what ways have university professors and academic researchers been using large language models in the last year? Please respond in list form." * "In what ways can large language models help programmers to code? Please provide me 8 examples and respond in list form." * "Can music be thought of a language within the realm of large language models?" * "What is differentiable computing and how does differentiable computing relate to large language models?" * "How can one fine tune an open source large language model?" * "What are some popular state of the art open source large language models. Please search the internet as helpful and respond to me in list form." * "Please give me a list of important terminology that I should be aware of when working with and training open source large language models. Please be comprehensive. Please respond in list form. And please search the internet as helpful." * "What sort of hardware should I utilize to run the most competent open source large language models that I want to utilize for learning, teaching, and research? Please search the internet as helpful." * "How can teachers utilize large language models to help accelerate student learning and to help students learn more efficiently? Please respond in list form." * "How can researchers utilize large language models to create theories, hypothesis, and to formulate potential research studies? Please respond in short paragraphs, but in list form." == Readings and learning media == === Wikipedia === {{:Cross-domain_AI_topics}} ==== LLM Topics ==== Categories and lists: : {{wc|Natural language processing}} :: {{wc|Tasks of natural language processing}} : {{wc|Large language models}} :: {{wc|Generative pre-trained transformers}} :: {{w|List of large language models}} ===== Basics ===== : {{w|ChatGPT}} : {{w|Large language model}} : {{w|Prompt engineering}} : {{w|GPT-4}} : {{w|ChatGPT in education}} : {{w|Turing test}} : {{w|Natural-language understanding}} : {{w|Word embedding}} ===== Intermediate ===== : {{w|Transformer (deep learning architecture)}} : {{w|Attention (machine learning)}} : {{w|LLaMA}} : {{w|Mistral AI}} : {{w|Foundation model}} : {{w|LangChain}} : {{w|Generative pre-trained transformer}} (GPT) : {{w|GitHub Copilot}} ===== Advanced ===== : {{w|Reflection (artificial intelligence)}} : {{w|Reasoning language model}} : {{w|Retrieval-augmented generation}} : {{w|Knowledge distillation}} : {{w|Model compression}} : {{w|History of natural language processing}} : {{w|Neural scaling law}} : {{w|GitHub Copilot}} : {{w|Automated reasoning}} : {{w|Mixture of experts}} : {{w|Gemini (language model)}} : {{w|Auto-GPT}} : {{w|VideoPoet}} : {{w|Artificial intelligence in Wikimedia projects}} : {{w|Artificial intelligence content detection}} : {{w|Language model}} :: {{w|Language model benchmark}} :: {{w|Language_model#Evaluation_and_benchmarks|Evaluation and benchmarks}} ::: {{w|MMLU}} : {{wc|Tasks of natural language processing}} :: {{w|Question answering}} :: {{w|Sentiment analysis}} :: {{w|Named-entity recognition}} : {{w|Zero-shot learning}} : More :: Internals ::: {{w|Word2vec}} ::: {{w|Seq2seq}} ::: {{w|GloVe}} :: {{w|List of large language models}} ::: {{w|BERT (language model)|BERT}} ::: {{w|T5 (language model)|T5}} ::: {{w|Llama (language model)|Llama}} ::: {{w|Chinchilla (language model)|Chinchilla AI}} ::: {{w|PaLM}} ::: {{w|Generative pre-trained transformer|GPT}} ::: {{w|GPT-1|1}}, {{w|GPT-2|2}}, {{w|GPT-3|3}}, {{w|GPT-J|J}} :::: {{w|ChatGPT}} :::: {{w|GPT-4|4}}, {{w|GPT-4o|4o}} :::: {{w|OpenAI o1|o1}}, {{w|OpenAI o3|o3}} ::: {{w|Claude (language model)|Claude}} ::: {{w|Gemini (language model)|Gemini}} :::: {{w|Gemini (chatbot)|chatbot}} ::: {{w|Grok (chatbot)|Grok}} :: {{w|LaMDA}} ::: {{w|BLOOM (language model)|BLOOM}} ::: {{w|Project Debater}} ::: {{w|IBM Watson}} ::: {{w|IBM Watsonx}} ::: {{w|IBM Granite|Granite}} ::: {{w|Huawei PanGu|PanGu-Σ}} ::: {{w|DeepSeek}} ::: {{w|Qwen}} ===External=== : https://hf.co/learn/ : https://academy.openai.com/ : https://cookbook.openai.com/ : https://academy.langchain.com/ : [https://medium.com/@tom_21755/understanding-causal-llms-masked-llm-s-and-seq2seq-a-guide-to-language-model-training-d4457bbd07fa Understanding Causal LLM’s, Masked LLM’s, and Seq2Seq: A Guide to Language Model Training Approaches] : Docs :: https://docs.x.ai/ :: https://platform.deepseek.com/ :: https://platform.openai.com/ :: https://docs.anthropic.com/ :: https://docs.mistral.ai/ : Papers, publications :: https://huggingface.co/papers :: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11903 Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models, 2022] :: [https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.09685 LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models, 2021] :: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762 Attention Is All You Need, 2017] : Articles :: https://www.pinecone.io/learn/retrieval-augmented-generation/ :: [https://stpp.fordschool.umich.edu/tags/large-language-models Large Language Models] - Articles :: [https://hai.stanford.edu/news/how-large-language-models-will-transform-science-society-and-ai How Large Language Models Will Transform Science, Society, and AI] :: [https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/blog/harnessing-the-power-of-large-language-models-for-economic-and-social-good-foundations/ Harnessing the Power of Large Language Models For Economic and Social Good: Foundations] :: [https://courses.grainger.illinois.edu/CS447/sp2023/Slides/Lecture27.pdf Lecture 27: Intro to Large Language Models] ==== Model Context Protocol (MCP) Course ==== : [https://huggingface.co/learn/mcp-course/unit0/introduction MCP Course] :: Continue, Gradio, Hugging Face Hub, Claude Code, GitHub, Slack ==== AI Agents Course ==== [https://hf.co/learn/agents-course/unit0/introduction Hugging Face AI Agents Course] : [https://hf.co/learn/agents-course/unit1/introduction Introduction to Agents] :: [https://huggingface.co/learn/agents-course/unit1/agent-steps-and-structure Thought-Action-Observation Cycle] : [https://hf.co/learn/agents-course/unit2/introduction Frameworks for AI Agents] :: [https://hf.co/learn/agents-course/unit2/smolagents/introduction smolagents] ::: [https://huggingface.co/learn/agents-course/unit2/smolagents/code_agents code agents] ::: [https://huggingface.co/learn/agents-course/unit2/smolagents/tools tools] ::: [https://huggingface.co/learn/agents-course/unit2/smolagents/multi_agent_systems multi-agent] ::: ... [https://huggingface.co/docs/smolagents/index docs] :: [https://hf.co/learn/agents-course/unit2/llama-index/introduction LlamaIndex] ::: ... [https://docs.llamaindex.ai/en/stable/understanding/ docs] :: [https://hf.co/learn/agents-course/unit2/langgraph/introduction LangGraph] ::: ... [https://academy.langchain.com/courses/intro-to-langgraph Introduction to LangGraph], [https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/ docs] : [https://hf.co/learn/agents-course/unit3/agentic-rag/introduction Use Case for Agentic RAG] :: [https://huggingface.co/learn/agents-course/unit3/agentic-rag/invitees tools] : bonus :: [https://hf.co/learn/agents-course/bonus-unit1/introduction Fine-tuning an LLM for Function-calling] :: [https://hf.co/learn/agents-course/bonus-unit2/introduction Agent Observability and Evaluation] ==== LLM Course ==== Introductory course about natural large language models (LLMs) and language processing (NLP) using libraries from the Hugging Face ecosystem &ndash; Transformers, Datasets, Tokenizers, and Accelerate. : [https://hf.co/course/chapter0/1 '''LLM Course'''] :: [https://hf.co/course/chapter1/1 Transformer models] ::: [https://hf.co/course/chapter1/2 NLP and LLM], [https://hf.co/course/chapter1/3 What], [https://hf.co/course/chapter1/4 How], [https://hf.co/course/chapter1/5 Encoder], [https://hf.co/course/chapter1/6 Decoder], [https://hf.co/course/chapter1/7 Sequence-to-sequence], [https://hf.co/course/chapter1/8 Bias and limitations], :: [https://hf.co/course/chapter2/1 Using transformers]: ::: [https://hf.co/course/chapter2/2 pipeline], [https://hf.co/course/chapter2/3 models], [https://hf.co/course/chapter2/4 tokenizer], [https://hf.co/course/chapter2/5 batching], decoding, padding, attention mask :: [https://hf.co/course/chapter3/1 Fine-tuning a pretrained model]: ::: [https://hf.co/course/chapter3/2 Preprocessing]<small>: tokenization, padding</small>, [https://hf.co/course/chapter3/3 Fine-tuning], [https://hf.co/course/chapter3/4 Full training], map, [https://hf.co/docs/datasets/index dataset], dynamic padding, batch, collate function, train, predict, evaluate, [https://github.com/huggingface/accelerate accelerate] :: [https://hf.co/course/chapter4/1 Sharing models and tokenizers]: ::: [https://hf.co/course/chapter4/2 Using], [https://hf.co/course/chapter4/3 Sharing]: push_to_hub, upload_file, Repository, git lfs, [https://hf.co/course/chapter4/4 Model card] :: [https://hf.co/course/chapter5/1 The datasets library]: ::: [https://hf.co/course/chapter5/2 Loading dataset], [https://hf.co/course/chapter5/3 Slicing], batch, DataFrame, validation, splitting, [https://hf.co/course/chapter5/4 Big]: streaming, [https://hf.co/course/chapter5/5 Creating], [https://hf.co/course/chapter5/6 Semantic search]: embedding, [https://faiss.ai/ FAISS] :: [https://hf.co/course/chapter6/1 The tokenizers library]: ::: [https://hf.co/course/chapter6/2 Training tokenizer], [https://hf.co/course/chapter6/3 Fast], grouping, [https://hf.co/course/chapter6/3b QnA], [https://hf.co/course/chapter6/4 Pre-tokenization], ([https://hf.co/docs/tokenizers/api/models models],[https://hf.co/docs/tokenizers/api/trainers trainers]), [https://hf.co/course/en/chapter6/5 Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE)], [https://hf.co/course/chapter6/6 WordPiece], [https://hf.co/course/chapter6/7 Unigram], [https://hf.co/course/chapter6/8 Building]: [https://hf.co/docs/tokenizers/api/post-processors post processors], [https://hf.co/docs/tokenizers/components#decoders decoders] :: [https://hf.co/course/chapter7/1 Main nlp tasks]: ::: [https://hf.co/course/chapter7/2 Token classification], metrics, perplexity, [https://hf.co/course/chapter7/3 Fine-tuning a masked LM], [https://hf.co/course/chapter7/4 Translation], [https://hf.co/course/chapter7/5 Summarization], [https://hf.co/course/chapter7/6 CLM], [https://hf.co/course/chapter7/7 QnA] :: [https://hf.co/course/chapter8/1 How to ask for help] ::: [https://hf.co/course/chapter8/2 Error], [https://hf.co/course/chapter8/3 Forums], [https://hf.co/course/chapter8/4 Debugging], [https://hf.co/course/chapter8/5 Issue] :: [https://hf.co/course/chapter9/1 Gradio Demos] ::: [https://hf.co/course/chapter9/2 Building], [https://hf.co/course/chapter9/3 Interface class], [https://hf.co/course/chapter9/4 Sharing], [https://hf.co/course/chapter9/5 Integration], [https://hf.co/course/chapter9/7 Gradio Blocks] :: [https://hf.co/course/chapter10/1 Curate high-quality datasets] :: [https://hf.co/course/chapter11/1 Fine-tune Large Language Models] :: [https://hf.co/course/chapter12/1 Build Reasoning Models] :: [https://hf.co/course/events/1 Course Events] ==== Hugging Face docs ==== : https://hf.co/docs ===== Core libraries ===== ::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers Transformers] &ndash; State-of-the-art ML for Pytorch, TensorFlow, and JAX. :::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/pipeline_tutorial Inference, Tutorials] ::::: {{colbegin|2}} Run inference with pipelines, Write portable code with AutoClass, Preprocess data, Fine-tune a pretrained model, Train with a script, Set up distributed training with Accelerate, Load and train adapters with PEFT, Share your model, Agents 101, Agents, supercharged - Multi-agents, External tools, and more, Generation with LLMs, Chatting with Transformers {{colend}} ::::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/pipeline_tutorial Pipline] ::::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/llm_tutorial LLM] ::::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/conversations Chat] :::: Tasks ::::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/tasks/sequence_classification NLP] :::::: Text classification, Token classification, Question answering, Causal language modeling, Masked language modeling, Translation, Summarization, Multiple choice ::::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/tasks/audio_classification Audio], [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/tasks/image_classification Vision],[https://hf.co/docs/transformers/tasks/image_captioning Multimodal], [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/generation_strategies Generation], [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/tasks/idefics Prompting] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/fast_tokenizers Developer guides] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/quantization/overview Quantization] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/performance Performance] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/contributing Contributing] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/philosophy Conceptual guides] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/main_classes/agent API] ::::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/main_classes/pipelines#transformers.pipeline pipeline] &ndash; simple interface for inference with models. ::::: ... :::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/albert Text models] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/internal/modeling_utils Internal helpers] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/model_doc/auto#auto-classes Auto classes]: AutoConfig, AutoModel, and AutoTokenizer. The from_pretrained method. :::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/main_classes/trainer#transformers.Trainer Trainer] and [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/main_classes/trainer#transformers.TrainingArguments TrainingArguments] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers/main/en/glossary Glossary] ::::: [https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/main/en/glossary#head model head] ::: [https://hf.co/docs/datasets Datasets] &ndash; Access and share datasets for computer vision, audio, and NLP tasks. :::: [https://hf.co/docs/datasets/tutorial Tutorials] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/datasets/how_to How-to guides] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/datasets/about_arrow Conceptual guides] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/datasets/package_reference/main_classes Reference] ::: [https://hf.co/docs/accelerate Accelerate] &ndash; Easily train and use PyTorch models with multi-GPU, TPU, mixed-precision. ::: [https://hf.co/docs/tokenizers Tokenizers] &ndash; Fast tokenizers, optimized for both research and production. :::: Main components: Normalizers, Pre-tokenizers, Models, Post-Processors, Decoders :::: More APIs: ... Input Sequences, Encode Inputs, Tokenizer, Encoding, Added Tokens, Visualizer ===== More docs ===== :: [https://hf.co/docs/hub Hub] &ndash; Host Git-based models, datasets and Spaces on the Hugging Face Hub. :: [https://hf.co/docs/diffusers Diffusers] &ndash; State-of-the-art diffusion models for image and audio generation in PyTorch. :: [https://hf.co/docs/huggingface_hub Hub Python Library] &ndash; Client library for the HF Hub: manage repositories from your Python runtime. :: [https://hf.co/docs/huggingface.js Huggingface.js] &ndash; A collection of JS libraries to interact with Hugging Face, with TS types included. :: [https://hf.co/docs/transformers.js Transformers.js] &ndash; Community library to run pretrained models from Transformers in your browser. :: [https://hf.co/docs/api-inference Inference API (serverless)] &ndash; Experiment with over 200k models easily using the serverless tier of Inference Endpoints. :: [https://hf.co/docs/inference-endpoints Inference Endpoints (dedicated)] &ndash; Easily deploy models to production on dedicated, fully managed infrastructure. :: [https://hf.co/docs/peft PEFT] &ndash; Parameter efficient fine-tuning methods for large models ::: [https://hf.co/docs/peft/tutorial/peft_model_config Tutorial] ::: [https://hf.co/docs/peft/task_guides/prompt_based_methods PEFT method guides] :::: LoRA, IA3 ::: [https://hf.co/docs/peft/developer_guides/model_merging Developer guides] :::: Model merging, Quantization, LoRA, Custom models, Adapter injection, Mixed adapter types, torch.compile, Contribute to PEFT, Troubleshooting, PEFT checkpoint format ::: [https://hf.co/docs/peft/accelerate/deepspeed Acceselerate] :::: DeepSpeed, Fully Sharded Data Parallel ::: [https://hf.co/docs/peft/conceptual_guides/adapter Conceptual guides] :::: Adapters, Soft prompts: Prompt tuning, Prefix tuning, P-tuning, Multitask prompt tuning, CPT; IA3, OFT/BOFT ::: [https://hf.co/docs/peft/package_reference/auto_class API reference] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/peft/package_reference/auto_class Main classes] ::::: AutoPeftModel, PEFT model, PEFT types, Configuration, Tuner :::: [https://hf.co/docs/peft/package_reference/adalora Adapters] ::::: {{colbegin|2}} AdaLoRA, IA3, Llama-Adapter, LoHa, LoKr, LoRA, X-LoRA, LyCORIS, Multitask Prompt Tuning, OFT, BOFT, Polytropon, P-tuning, Prefix tuning, Prompt tuning, Layernorm tuning, VeRA, FourierFT, VB-LoRA, HRA, CPT, Bone{{colend}} ::: [https://hf.co/docs/peft/package_reference/merge_utils Utilities] :::: Model merge, Helpers, Hotswapping adapters :: [https://hf.co/docs/optimum Optimum] &ndash; Fast training and inference of HF Transformers with easy to use hardware optimization tools. :: [https://hf.co/docs/optimum-neuron AWS Trainium &amp; Inferentia] &ndash; Train and Deploy Transformers &amp; Diffusers with AWS Trainium and AWS Inferentia via Optimum :: [https://hf.co/docs/evaluate Evaluate] &ndash; Evaluate and report model performance easier and more standardized. ::: types: metrics, comparisons, measurements :: [https://hf.co/tasks Tasks] ::: extraction, question answering, classification, generation ... :: [https://hf.co/docs/dataset-viewer Dataset viewer] &ndash; API to access the contents, metadata and basic statistics of all Hugging Face Hub datasets. ::: Splits and subsets, [https://github.com/huggingface/dataset-viewer dataset-viewer] :: [https://hf.co/docs/trl TRL] &ndash; Transformer Reinforcement Learning ::: reward modeling, fine-tuning, optimizations, :: [https://hf.co/docs/sagemaker Amazon SageMaker] &ndash; Train and Deploy Transformer models with Amazon SageMaker and Hugging Face Deep Learning Containers (DLC). :: [https://hf.co/docs/timm timm] &ndash; Pytorch Image Models. ::: State-of-the-art computer vision models, layers, optimizers, training/evaluation, and utilities. :: [https://hf.co/docs/safetensors Safetensors] &ndash; Simple, safe way to store and distribute neural networks weights. :: [https://hf.co/docs/text-generation-inference Text Generation Inference (TGI)] &ndash; Toolkit to serve Large Language Models. ::: Conceptual Guides :::: [https://hf.co/docs/text-generation-inference/conceptual/chunking V3 update, caching and chunking] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/text-generation-inference/conceptual/streaming Streaming] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/text-generation-inference/conceptual/quantization Quantization] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/text-generation-inference/conceptual/tensor_parallelism Tensor Parallelism] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/text-generation-inference/conceptual/paged_attention PagedAttention] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/text-generation-inference/conceptual/safetensors Safetensors] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/text-generation-inference/conceptual/flash_attention Flash Attention] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/text-generation-inference/conceptual/speculation Speculation (Medusa, ngram)] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/text-generation-inference/conceptual/guidance How Guidance Works (via outlines)] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/text-generation-inference/conceptual/lora LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation)] :::: [https://hf.co/docs/text-generation-inference/conceptual/external External Resources] :: [https://hf.co/docs/text-embeddings-inference Text Embeddings Inference] &ndash; Toolkit to serve Text Embedding Models. :: [https://hf.co/docs/competitions Competitions] &ndash; Create your own competitions on Hugging Face. :: [https://hf.co/docs/bitsandbytes Bitsandbytes] &ndash; Toolkit to optimize and quantize models. :: [https://hf.co/docs/optimum-tpu Google TPUs] &ndash; Deploy models on [https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs Google TPUs] via Optimum. :: [https://hf.co/docs/chat-ui Chat UI] &ndash; Open source chat frontend, powers the [https://hf.co/chat HuggingChat] app. :: Extras ::: [https://hf.co/docs/hugs Hugging Face Generative AI Services (HUGS)] ::: [https://hf.co/docs/leaderboards Leaderboards] &ndash; Create your own Leaderboards on Hugging Face. ::: [https://hf.co/docs/autotrain AutoTrain] &ndash; AutoTrain API and UI. :::: [https://hf.co/autotrain autotrain] ::: [https://huggingface.co/docs/smolagents/index smolagents] ===Videos=== * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5sLYAQS9sWQ How Large Language Models Work] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhCl-GeT4jw Large Language Models and The End of Programming - CS50 Tech Talk with Dr. Matt Welsh] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBI1nPep72Q LMStudio Tutorial Run ANY Open-Source Model LOCALLY] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UU1WVnMk4E8 Create a Large Language Model from Scratch with Python – Tutorial] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eC6Hd1hFvos Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) | w/ Example Code] ===Data sets=== * [https://hf.co/blog/Pclanglais/two-trillion-tokens-open Releasing the largest multilingual open pretraining dataset] :: [https://hf.co/datasets/PleIAs/common_corpus Common Corpus] :: [https://hf.co/datasets/PleIAs/common_corpus/tree/main Files and versions] ==See also== : [[Computer science]] : [[Artificial intelligence]] : [[Machine learning]] : [[Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning]] : [[Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory]] : [[Artificial Consciousness]] : [[Supersymmetric Artificial Neural Network]] : [[History of artificial intelligence]] [[Category: Computer science]] [[Category: Machine learning]] [[Category: Artificial intelligence]] 5q5fn7072qw55z04nmtyieg9mgp6tao 828 308015 2720008 2718417 2025-06-29T12:05:20Z Grufo 1192007 Upstream updates 2720008 Scribunto text/plain --- --- --- LOCAL ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Abstract utilities ]]-- ---------------------------- -- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers) local function zero_padded (str) return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str) end -- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting) local function natural_sort (var1, var2) return tostring(var1):gsub('%d+', zero_padded) < tostring(var2):gsub('%d+', zero_padded) end -- Return a copy or a reference to a table local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly) if refonly then return src end newtab = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end return newtab end -- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len) local cache = {} local tmp = idx + len - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key >= idx then if key > tmp then cache[key - len] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len) local ret = {} local tmp = idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = 1 - idx for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + len] = val end end end return ret end -- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) --[[ local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len) local ret = {} local tmp = idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val else ret[key + len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = idx - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val elseif key < 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val else ret[key - len] = val end end end return ret end ]]-- -- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and -- always parsing numeric strings as numbers local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey) local realkey = tonumber(dkey) or dkey:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey] = val src[skey] = nil end end --[[ Public strings ]]-- ------------------------ -- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local mkeywords = { ['or'] = 0, pattern = 1, plain = 2, strict = 3 } -- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local sortfunctions = { --alphabetically = false, -- Simply uncommenting enables the option naturally = natural_sort } -- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers -- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) --[[ Meanings of the columns: col[1] = Loop type (0-3) col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3) col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]` col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]` A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`) ]]-- local mapping_styles = { names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 }, values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 }, values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 }, names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 }, names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 }, names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 }, values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 }, blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 } } -- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local memoryslots = { i = 'itersep', l = 'lastsep', p = 'pairsep', h = 'header', f = 'footer', n = 'ifngiven' } -- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier local trim_parse_opts = { trim_none = { false, false }, trim_positional = { false, true }, trim_named = { true, false }, trim_all = { true, true } } -- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local isep_parse_opts = { splitter_pattern = false, splitter_string = true } -- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local psep_parse_opts = { setter_pattern = false, setter_string = true } -- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `let` --[[ Module's private environment ]]-- -------------------------------------- -- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`) local modulename = 'Module:Params' -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args` -- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also -- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available local refpipe = { call_for_each_group = true, coins = true, count = true, for_each = true, list = true, list_values = true, value_of = true } -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the -- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if -- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own -- (modified) copy available local refparams = { call_for_each_group = true, combining_by_calling = true, concat_and_call = true, concat_and_invoke = true, concat_and_magic = true, converting_names_to_uppercase = true, converting_names_to_lowercase = true, count = true, --inserting = true, grouping_by_calling = true, mixing_names_and_values = true, renaming_by_mixing = true, --renaming_to_values = true, --swapping_names_and_values = true, value_of = true, with_name_matching = true } -- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we -- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its -- optimal value at Module talk:Params) local maxfill = 1024 -- The private table of functions local library = {} -- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position local static_iface = {} -- Create a new context local function context_new (frame) local ctx = {} ctx.frame = frame ctx.oparams = frame.args ctx.firstposonly = static_iface ctx.iterfunc = pairs ctx.sorttype = 0 ctx.n_parents = 0 ctx.n_children = 0 ctx.n_available = maxfill return ctx end -- Move to the next action within the user-given list local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward) local nextfn if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if nextfn == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end if library[nextfn] == nil then if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0) else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ directive can only appear in first position', 0) end end remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward) return library[nextfn] end -- Main loop local function main_loop (ctx, start_with) local fn = start_with repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn if ctx.n_parents > 0 then error(modulename .. ': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end if ctx.n_children > 0 then error(modulename .. ', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end end -- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children` local function push_cloned_stack (ctx, tbl) local newparams = {} local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams } else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end ctx.n_children = currsnap end -- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let]|[...][number of additional -- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]` local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after) local names local tmp local tbl = {} local pin = start_from if src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin]:match'^%s*let%s*$' then names = {} repeat tmp = src[pin + 1] or '' names[tonumber(tmp) or tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' or ''] = src[pin + 2] pin = pin + 3 until src[pin] == nil or not src[pin]:match'^%s*let%s*$' end tmp = tonumber(src[pin]) if tmp ~= nil then if tmp < 0 then tmp = -1 end local shf = append_after - pin for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp do tbl[idx + shf] = src[idx] end pin = pin + tmp + 1 end if names ~= nil then for key, val in pairs(names) do tbl[key] = val end end return tbl, pin end -- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` -- class of modifiers local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style) local style local shf local tmp = src[n_skip + 1] if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if style == nil then style = default_style shf = n_skip - 1 else shf = n_skip end local n_exist = style[3] local karg = style[4] local varg = style[5] tmp = style[6] if tmp > -1 then tmp = src[tmp + shf] karg = tonumber(tmp) if karg == nil then karg = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg) end end tmp = style[7] if tmp > -1 then tmp = src[tmp + shf] varg = tonumber(tmp) if varg == nil then varg = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg) end end local dest, nargs = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf, n_exist) tmp = style[1] if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 2 end if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 1 end return dest, nargs, tmp, karg, varg end -- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of -- modifiers local function load_replace_args (opts, fname) if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. fname .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. fname .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end local ptn = opts[1] local repl = opts[2] local argc = 3 local nmax = tonumber(opts[3]) if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end local flg = opts[argc] if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end return ptn, repl, nmax, flg == 3, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax < 1) or (flg == 3 and ptn == repl) end -- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers local function load_pattern_args (opts, fname) local state = 0 local cnt = 1 local keyw local nptns = 0 local ptns = {} for _, val in ipairs(opts) do if state == 0 then nptns = nptns + 1 ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false } state = -1 else keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or ( state > 0 and mkeywords[keyw] > 0 ) then break else state = mkeywords[keyw] if state > 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end end end cnt = cnt + 1 end if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. fname .. '’: No pattern was given', 0) end return ptns, nptns, cnt end -- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing` and `reinterpreting` modifiers local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from) local argc = start_from local tmp local optslots = { true, true, true } local noptslots = 3 local trimn = true local trimu = false local iplain = true local pplain = true local isp = '|' local psp = '=' repeat noptslots = noptslots - 1 tmp = opts[argc] if tmp == nil then break end tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp] trimn = tmp[1] trimu = tmp[2] optslots[1] = nil elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 iplain = isep_parse_opts[tmp] isp = opts[argc] optslots[2] = nil elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 pplain = psep_parse_opts[tmp] psp = opts[argc] optslots[3] = nil else break end argc = argc + 1 until noptslots < 1 return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc end -- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table local value_maps = { [0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end end, [1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end, [2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key tbl[key] = fn() end end, [3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end } -- Private table for `map_names()` local name_thieves = { [0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end } -- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn) local cache = {} name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric -- suffixes in its keys local function make_groups (src) -- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable! local tmp local prefix local gid local groups = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do -- `key` must only be a string or a number... gid = tonumber(key) if gid == nil then prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$' gid = tonumber(gid) or '' else prefix = '' end if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end tmp = tonumber(prefix) if tmp ~= nil then if tmp < 1 then prefix = tmp - 1 else prefix = tmp end end groups[gid][prefix] = val end return groups end -- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and -- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length local function parse_placeholder_string (target) local skel = {} local canvas = {} local idx = 1 local s_pos = 1 local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false) while e_pos ~= nil do canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1) skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@' idx = idx + 2 s_pos = e_pos + 2 e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false) end if (s_pos > target:len()) then idx = idx - 1 else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end return skel, canvas, idx end -- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru) local key local val local spos1 local spos2 local pos1 local pos2 local pos3 = 0 local idx = 1 local lenplone = #str + 1 if isp == nil or isp == '' then if psp == nil or psp == '' then if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else tbl[idx] = str end return tbl end spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else val = str end idx = idx + 1 else key = str:sub(1, spos1 - 1) key = tonumber(key) or key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' val = str:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val return tbl end if psp == nil or psp == '' then repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end tbl[idx] = val idx = idx + 1 until pos2 == nil return tbl end repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end idx = idx + 1 else key = val:sub(1, spos1 - 1) key = tonumber(key) or key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' val = val:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val until pos2 == nil return tbl end -- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric -- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options -- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters local function concat_params (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local nmax = table.maxn(ctx.pipe) local retval = {} if ctx.subset == 1 then -- We need only the sequence for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end else if ctx.subset == -1 then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then retval[key + nmax] = val else retval[key] = val end end end for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end return retval end -- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this -- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function flush_params (ctx, fn) local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums = {} local words = {} local nn = 0 local nw = 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nn = nn + 1 nums[nn] = key else nw = nw + 1 words[nw] = key end end table.sort(nums) table.sort(words, natural_sort) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end return end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end return end if ctx.subset ~= -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end end --[[ Modifiers ]]-- ----------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to library.sequential = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end ctx.iterfunc = ipairs ctx.subset = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.iterfunc = pairs ctx.subset = -1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to library.all_sorted = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to library.reassorted = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 2 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to library.setting = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local cmd = opts[1] if cmd ~= nil then cmd = cmd:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/'):match'^/*(.*[^/])' end if cmd == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end local sep = string.byte('/') local argc = 2 local dest = {} local vname local chr for idx = 1, #cmd do chr = cmd:byte(idx) if chr == sep then for key, val in ipairs(dest) do ctx[val] = opts[argc] dest[key] = nil end argc = argc + 1 else vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)] if vname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' .. string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end table.insert(dest, vname) end end for key, val in ipairs(dest) do ctx[val] = opts[argc] end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to library.squeezing = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local store = {} local indices = {} local newlen = 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then newlen = newlen + 1 indices[newlen] = key store[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end table.sort(indices) for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local nmin = 1 local nmax = nil local nnums = -1 local tmp = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmax == nil then if key < nmin then nmin = key end nmax = key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end nnums = nnums + 1 tmp[key] = val end end if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin > nnums then ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax if ctx.n_available < 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' .. tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = '' end for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to library.clearing = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local numerics = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to library.cutting = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be a number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be a number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local len = #tbl if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end local tot = lcut + rcut if tot > 0 then local cache = {} if tot >= len then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end tot = len else for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then if key > len then cache[key - tot] = val else cache[key - lcut] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to library.cropping = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be a number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be a number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local nmin local nmax for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmin == nil then nmin = key nmax = key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end if nmin ~= nil then local len = nmax - nmin + 1 if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end if lcut + rcut - len > -1 then for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end end elseif lcut + rcut > 0 then for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1 if lshift > 0 then for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx - lshift] = tbl[idx] tbl[idx] = nil end end end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to library.purging = function (ctx) local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if idx == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Start offset must be a number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Length must be a number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params if len < 1 then len = len + table.maxn(tbl) if idx > len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = len - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to library.backpurging = function (ctx) local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if last == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be a number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Length must be a number', 0) end local idx local tbl = ctx.params if len > 0 then idx = last - len + 1 else for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or key < idx) then idx = key end end if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end idx = idx - len if last < idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = last - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local numerics = {} local nmax = 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil if key > nmax then nmax = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local shift = #tbl + 1 if shift < 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end local numerics = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local numerics = {} local nmax local nmin for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil if nmax == nil then nmax = key nmin = key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local cache = {} local nsize = 0 local tmp for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nsize = nsize + 1 cache[nsize] = key end end table.sort(cache) for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ] tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx) local sortfn if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]] end if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn) else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil` if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|inserting|position|how many|...|pipe to --[[ library.inserting = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if idx == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘inserting’: Position must be a number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or len < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘inserting’: The amount must be a number greater than zero', 0) end local opts = ctx.pipe local tbl = copy_table_expanded(ctx.params, idx, len) for key = idx, idx + len - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key - idx + 3] end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, len + 3) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to library.imposing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end local key = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' ctx.params[tonumber(key) or key] = ctx.pipe[2] return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to library.providing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end local key = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' key = tonumber(key) or key if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to library.discarding = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end local key = ctx.pipe[1] local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil then ctx.params[tonumber(key) or key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] = nil return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end key = tonumber(key) if key == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not numeric', 0) end if len < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range can only be a number greater than zero', 0) end for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_name_matching = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, targets, 'with_name_matching') local tmp local ptn local tbl = ctx.params local newparams = {} for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then tmp = tonumber(ptn[1]) or ptn[1] newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp] else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then newparams[key] = val end end end end ctx.params = newparams return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx) local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, targets, 'with_name_not_matching') local tbl = ctx.params if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then local tmp = targets[1][1] tbl[tonumber(tmp) or tmp] = nil return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local yesmatch local ptn for key in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_value_matching = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, targets, 'with_value_matching') local nomatch local ptn for key, val in pairs(tbl) do nomatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val == ptn[1] then nomatch = false break end elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then nomatch = false break end end if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, targets, 'with_value_not_matching') local yesmatch local ptn for key, val in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to library.trimming_values = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|converting_values_to_lowercase|pipe to library.converting_values_to_lowercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|converting_values_to_uppercase|pipe to library.converting_values_to_uppercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter -- 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only) local model = { title = tname, args = margs } value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.values_only) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only) value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, is_strict, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if is_strict then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax) end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local mix = ctx.pipe[1] local tbl = ctx.params if mix == '$#' then for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = key end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to --[[ library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = key end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|converting_names_to_lowercase|pipe to library.converting_names_to_lowercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|converting_names_to_uppercase|pipe to library.converting_names_to_uppercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter -- 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only) local model = { title = tname, args = rargs } map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.names_only) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () local tmp = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) return tonumber(tmp) or tostring(tmp) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only) map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, is_strict, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if is_strict then local key = tonumber(ptn) or ptn:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local val = tbl[key] if val ~= nil then tbl[key] = nil tbl[tonumber(repl) or repl:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] = val end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)) end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local cache = {} if mix == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end else local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) local tmp for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end end tmp = table.concat(canvas) cache[tonumber(tmp) or tmp] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to --[[ library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template -- name|[let]|[...]|[number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe local tmp if opts[1] ~= nil then tmp = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local tmp, argc = load_child_opts(opts, 2, 0) local gargs = {} for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' and key < 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val else gargs[key] = val end end local groups = make_groups(ctx.params) for gid, group in pairs(groups) do for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end group[0] = gid model.args = group groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end ctx.params = groups return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.parsing = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2) parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim -- flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter -- setter]|[...]|pipe to library.reinterpreting = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2) local tbl = ctx.params local tmp = tonumber(opts[1]) or opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local str = tbl[tmp] if str ~= nil then tbl[tmp] = nil parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end local mix_k = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local mix_v = ctx.pipe[2] local cache = {} if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = key end else local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k) local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v) local tmp for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do tmp = tostring(key) for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end end for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end end tmp = table.concat(cnv_k) cache[tonumber(tmp) or tmp] = table.concat(cnv_v) end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tname = ctx.pipe[1] if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local merge_into = ctx.pipe[2] if merge_into == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end merge_into = tonumber(merge_into) or merge_into:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' ctx.params = { [merge_into] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = ctx.params } } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|snapshotting|pipe to library.snapshotting = function (ctx) push_cloned_stack(ctx, ctx.params) return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|remembering|pipe to library.remembering = function (ctx) push_cloned_stack(ctx, ctx.oparams) return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to library.entering_substack = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents + 1 if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl } else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then ctx.params = {} return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children if currsnap > 0 then ctx.params = ctx.children[currsnap] ctx.children[currsnap] = nil ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1 else local newparams = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end ctx.params = newparams end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to library.pulling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end local parent local tmp = ctx.n_parents if tmp < 1 then parent = ctx.oparams else parent = ctx.parents[tmp] end tmp = tonumber(opts[1]) or opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to library.detaching_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to library.leaving_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params } else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end ctx.params = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 ctx.n_children = currsnap return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to library.merging_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] local child = ctx.params ctx.params = parent ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to library.flushing = function (ctx) if ctx.n_children < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end local parent = ctx.params local currsnap = ctx.n_children for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end ctx.children[currsnap] = nil ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end --[[ Functions ]]-- ----------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|count library.count = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local retval = 0 for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end ctx.text = retval return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2] -- |[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value -- n]|[...] library.concat_and_call = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = concat_params(ctx) } return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend -- 1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- item n=value n]|[...] library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2) local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{ title = 'Module:' .. fname, args = concat_params(ctx) }) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend -- 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n= -- value n]|[...] library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx)) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name library.value_of = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local opts = ctx.pipe local kstr if opts[1] ~= nil then kstr = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if kstr == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local knum = tonumber(kstr) local len = #ctx.params -- No worries: unused when in first position local val = ctx.params[knum or kstr] if val ~= nil and ( ctx.subset ~= -1 or knum == nil or knum > len or knum < 1 ) and ( ctx.subset ~= 1 or (knum ~= nil and knum <= len and knum > 0) ) then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') return false end ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list library.list = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local kvs = ctx.pairsep or '' local pps = ctx.itersep or '' local ret = {} local nss = 0 flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = key ret[nss + 3] = kvs ret[nss + 4] = val nss = nss + 4 end ) if nss > 0 then if nss > 4 and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then ret[nss - 3] = ctx.lastsep end ret[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then ret[nss + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(ret) return false end ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_values library.list_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! -- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us local pps = ctx.itersep or '' local ret = {} local nss = 0 flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = val nss = nss + 2 end ) if nss > 0 then if nss > 2 and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then ret[nss - 1] = ctx.lastsep end ret[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then ret[nss + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(ret) return false end ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value -- 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] library.coins = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[tonumber(val) or val] end return library.list_values(ctx) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = -- value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] library.unique_coins = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tbl = ctx.params local tmp for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tmp = tonumber(val) or val tbl[key] = opts[tmp] opts[tmp] = nil end return library.list_values(ctx) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext library.for_each = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local txt = ctx.pipe[1] or '' local pps = ctx.itersep or '' local ret = {} local nss = 0 local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = table.concat(cnv) nss = nss + 2 end ) if nss > 0 then if nss > 2 and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then ret[nss - 1] = ctx.lastsep end ret[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then ret[nss + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(ret) return false end ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ccs = ctx.itersep or '' local ret = {} local nss = 0 table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) if nss > 0 then if nss > 2 and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then ret[nss - 1] = ctx.lastsep end ret[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then ret[nss + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(ret) return false end ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append -- 1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...] -- |[named param n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ccs = ctx.itersep or '' local ret = {} local nss = 0 flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) nss = nss + 2 end ) if nss > 0 then if nss > 2 and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then ret[nss - 1] = ctx.lastsep end ret[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then ret[nss + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(ret) return false end ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ccs = ctx.itersep or '' local ret = {} local nss = 0 table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) nss = nss + 2 end ) if nss > 0 then if nss > 2 and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then ret[nss - 1] = ctx.lastsep end ret[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then ret[nss + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(ret) return false end ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ccs = ctx.itersep or '' local ret = {} local nss = 0 flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) if nss > 0 then if nss > 2 and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then ret[nss - 1] = ctx.lastsep end ret[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then ret[nss + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(ret) return false end ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ccs = ctx.itersep or '' local ret = {} local nss = 0 remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) nss = nss + 2 end ) if nss > 0 then if nss > 2 and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then ret[nss - 1] = ctx.lastsep end ret[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then ret[nss + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(ret) return false end ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1] -- |[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- param n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ccs = ctx.itersep or '' local ret = {} local nss = 0 flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) nss = nss + 2 end ) if nss > 0 then if nss > 2 and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then ret[nss - 1] = ctx.lastsep end ret[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then ret[nss + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(ret) return false end ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local opts = ctx.pipe local tmp if opts[1] ~= nil then tmp = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local ccs = ctx.itersep or '' local nss = 0 local ret = {} opts = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val else opts[key] = val end end ctx.pipe = opts ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params) flush_params( ctx, function (gid, group) for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end group[0] = gid model.args = group ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) if nss > 0 then if nss > 2 and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then ret[nss - 1] = ctx.lastsep end ret[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then ret[nss + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(ret) return false end ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' return false end --- --- --- PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|new|pipe to static_iface.new = function (frame) local ctx = context_new(frame:getParent()) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(frame.args, false) ctx.params = {} main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1)) return ctx.text end --[[ First-position-only functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|self static_iface.self = function (frame) return frame:getParent():getTitle() end --[[ Public metatable of functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- return setmetatable({}, { __index = function (_, query) local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end local func = static_iface[fname] if func ~= nil then return func end func = library[fname] if func == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end return function (frame) local ctx = context_new(frame:getParent()) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(frame.args, refpipe[fname]) ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname]) main_loop(ctx, func) return ctx.text end end }) gbp2os961887yx8od4osvidoj69ekyw 0 318980 2720083 2714738 2025-06-30T05:50:20Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 2.5 Implications for Planetary Formation Models */ add text "Recent observational evidence supports CIT predictions" 2720083 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:CITbanner via Paint.png|center|1000px]] = Chapter 2: The Role of VRMS in Planetary Structuring = == Introduction == One of the fundamental insights of the '''Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT)''' is that the structure of planetary systems is not random but follows a predictable pattern based on the '''Root Mean Square Velocity (VRMS)''' of the original protoplanetary disk. This chapter explores: * The definition and significance of '''VRMS''' in planetary dynamics. * How VRMS determines the '''Preferred Distance (D_pref)''' [[Cosmic_Influx_Theory/Chapter_8#8.2.8|[8.2.8]]]. * The role of the '''Universal Scaling Constant (κ_CIT)'''. * The link between VRMS and observed exoplanetary systems. ---- <span id="2.1"></span> == 2.1 How VRMS is Related to Cosmic Structuring == The '''Root Mean Square Velocity (VRMS)''' is a statistical measure of velocities within a system. In CIT: * The original '''protoplanetary disk''' had a characteristic VRMS. * This velocity defines a '''Preferred Distance''' at which mass concentration tends to occur. * The '''largest planets''' are often found near this distance. The equation for the Preferred Distance is: <math>D_{\text{pref}} = \kappa_{\text{CIT}} \times M_{\text{star}}</math> ........'''(2.1.1)''' === Definition of κ_CIT === CIT introduces a fundamental proportionality constant: <math>\kappa_{\text{CIT}} = \frac{1}{8\pi c^2} = 4.4 \times 10^{-19} \ \text{m/kg}</math> ........'''(2.1.2)''' This can also be expressed as: <math>\kappa_{\text{CIT}} = \frac{D_{\text{pref}}}{M_{\text{star}}}</math> ........'''(2.1.3)''' or: <math>\kappa_{\text{CIT}} = \frac{G}{V_{\text{RMS}}^2}</math> ........'''(2.1.4)''' *Note: This expression arises from relativistic energy formulations and carries units of m/kg when derived from dimensional analysis of G and VRMS.* The precise calculated value is: <math>\kappa_{\text{CIT}} = 4.427093908810190 \times 10^{-19} \ \text{m/kg}</math> This remarkable connection suggests that: # Planetary structuring is governed by fundamental constants, linking gravitational mass distributions with the speed of light. # The Preferred Distance is an intrinsic property of cosmic structuring, rooted in mechanics and electrodynamics. # The scaling factor <math>\frac{1}{8\pi c^2}</math> unites gravitational and electromagnetic principles, reinforcing the internal consistency of CIT. These equations accurately predict the location of giant exoplanets in other star systems, reinforcing CIT’s predictive value. ---- <span id="2.2"></span> == 2.2 The Connection Between CIT and General Relativity == '''CIT does not reject General Relativity, but offers a complementary perspective, proposing that gravitational effects arise from a continuous influx of energy — an external flow into matter that contributes to its mass-energy and gravitational influence.''' This leads to three key extensions of traditional gravitational theory: # The gravitational field is not just a curvature of spacetime, but the observable result of an influx of energy. This influx guides objects along curved paths, producing the effects attributed to spacetime curvature in General Relativity. # The gravitational acceleration (g or a) at a planet’s surface depends on the intensity of the energy influx, which is related to the total mass of the object. # Observed planetary distances are not random, but reflect a cosmic structuring principle derived from the Root Mean Square Velocity (VRMS) and the resulting Preferred Distance (D_pref). ---- <span id="2.3"></span> == 2.3 The Preferred Distance (D_pref) and Its Calculation == CIT introduces the concept of the '''Preferred Distance (D_pref)''', the location where the most massive planets tend to form. <math>D_{\text{pref}} = \kappa_{\text{CIT}} \times M_{\text{star}}</math> ........'''(2.3.1)''' where: * <math>\kappa_{\text{CIT}}</math> is the '''Universal Scaling Constant for Planetary Structuring''', approximately <math>4.4271 \times 10^{-19} \ \text{m/kg}</math>. * <math>M_{\text{star}}</math> is the mass of the central star. This proportionality helps explain: * Why Jupiter and Saturn formed at their observed distances in our solar system. * Why exoplanets tend to cluster at specific radii from their stars. * Why ring and gap structures in protoplanetary disks exhibit ordered patterns [[Cosmic_Influx_Theory/Chapter_8#8.3.2|[8.3.2]]]. ---- <span id="2.4"></span> == 2.4 Empirical Confirmation from Exoplanetary Systems == The predictions of CIT align closely with observed exoplanetary systems: * The distribution of exoplanets shows clustering of dust and gas at specific distances. * Protoplanetary disks exhibit gaps that correspond with predicted values of D_pref. * The TRAPPIST system may potentially host a yet-undiscovered giant planet near <math>D_{\text{pref}} = 7.825 \times 10^{10} \ \text{m}</math>. [[File:2.2A Image Excel file Selection calculated Preferred Distance.png|thumb|Selection of an extended Excel file with calculations for the Preferred Distance in exo star systems]] Future observations from the '''James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)''' may provide additional confirmation. ---- '''Observational Challenges at the Preferred Distance (D_pref)''' Detecting giant planets at the '''Preferred Distance''' predicted by CIT is a significant observational challenge. These planets typically have '''long orbital periods''' — often spanning many years or even decades — meaning they may not have completed a full orbit since their host systems were first monitored. Furthermore, it may take equally long for such a planet to transit again, delaying confirmation. Detection also depends on alignment: for radial velocity or transit methods to succeed, the planet must pass in front of the star from Earth’s point of view. In addition, the '''central star must be sufficiently massive''' to generate a detectable planetary body at D_pref. A promising alternative is to focus on '''protoplanetary disks'''. In these early-stage systems, concentric rings and gaps may indicate emerging planets. CIT suggests that the '''Preferred Distance''' corresponds to a balance point between the '''inward-directed influx stream''' and the '''orbital motion''' of the disk’s material — making this region a prime location for early planet formation. Observing such structures can provide indirect evidence supporting CIT’s planetary structuring model. <span id="2.5"></span> == 2.5 Implications for Planetary Formation Models == The connection between VRMS and planetary structuring suggests that: # '''Planetary migration models''' may need to include VRMS-based structuring principles. # '''The gravitational constant (G)''' may reflect deeper connections with kinetic and relativistic parameters. # '''Galactic structure formation''' might follow similar VRMS-based ordering on larger scales. '''Recent observational evidence supports CIT predictions''' A study published in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan presents super-resolution imaging of 78 protoplanetary disks in the Ophiuchus star-forming region: [https://academic.oup.com/pasj/article/77/3/572/8117664 ''ALMA 2D super-resolution imaging survey of Ophiuchus Class I/flat spectrum/II disks. I. Discovery of new disk substructures''] (Shoshi et al., 2025). This study reveals that ring and spiral substructures already emerge a few hundred thousand years after star birth—much earlier than expected in traditional models. These findings significantly increase the statistical sample size over earlier ALMA projects (DSHARP and eDisk) and provide strong evidence for patterned disk evolution very early in stellar formation. A ChatGPT-assisted review of this publication concludes: ''"Relevance to Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT): This article supports CIT indirectly. CIT emphasizes structured, early planetary formation within dynamic disk environments. The observed early appearance of ring-like substructures aligns with CIT’s prediction that large planets form in dominant rings at Preferred Distances (Dₚᵣₑf) shortly after star formation. The rapid onset of such structuring offers observational backing to CIT’s premise of early, patterned planetary genesis—before classical accretion or migration theories would expect such development."'' (See full analysis: [https://chatgpt.com/share/686224d8-6390-8012-aa4e-e91f2081f568 ChatGPT Share Link]) These observations reinforce the view that the cosmic influx does not act only over long timescales, but plays a formative role from the earliest phases of stellar and planetary development. This opens the possibility of extending CIT from planetary systems to broader cosmic evolution. ---- == Summary == This chapter introduced: * The concept of '''VRMS''' and its role in planetary dynamics. * The equation for the '''Preferred Distance (D_pref)''' and the derivation of the Universal Scaling Constant. * How CIT aligns with observed data from exoplanetary systems. * Implications for planetary formation and gravitational theory. In the next chapter, we will explore '''how the Cosmic Influx relates to the gravitational constant (G)'''. ---- '''Navigation:''' [{{fullurl:Cosmic_Influx_Theory/Chapter_1}} {{Button|← Previous Chapter|blue}}] [{{fullurl:Cosmic_Influx_Theory}} {{Button|Back to Main Page|blue}}] [{{fullurl:Cosmic_Influx_Theory/Chapter_3}} {{Button|Next Chapter →|green}}] ---- 9ic0oev6aqs335oh4uolmwv2knluw5i 0 320302 2720097 2709141 2025-06-30T10:20:36Z Bocardodarapti 289675 2720097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Mathematical text/Fact |Text= {{ Factstructure|typ= |Situation= Let {{mat|term= V |pm=}} be a {{ Definitionlink |finite-dimensional| |Context=| |pm= }} {{ Definitionlink |Premath={{KRC|}} |vector space| |Context=| |pm=, }} and let {{ Mapping/display |name= \varphi | V | V || |pm= }} be a {{ Definitionlink |Premath= |trigonalizable| |Context=| |pm= }} {{ Definitionlink |endomorphism| |Context=| |pm=, }} with the decomposition {{ Extra/Bracket |text=in the sense of {{ Factlink |Factname=Endomorphism/Trigonalizable/Canonical additive decomposition/Fact |Nr= |pm= }}| |Ipm=|Epm= }} {{ Relationchain/display | \varphi || \varphi_{\rm diag} + \varphi_{\rm nil} || || || |pm=, }} with a {{ Definitionlink |diagonalizable| |Context=| |pm= }} and a {{ Definitionlink |nilpotent| |Context=linear| |pm= }} mapping, {{ Definitionlink |commuting| |Context=linear| |pm= }} with each other, and with {{ Relationchain/display | \varphi_{\rm nil}^k || 0 || || || |pm=. }} |Condition= |Segue= |Conclusion= Then the powers of {{mat|term= \varphi |pm=}} have the representation {{ Relationchain/display | \varphi^n || \varphi_{\rm diag}^n + n \varphi_{\rm diag}^{n-1} \circ \varphi_{\rm nil} + {{op:Binomial coefficient|n|2}} \varphi_{\rm diag}^{n-2} \circ \varphi_{\rm nil}^2 + {{op:Binomial coefficient|n|3}} \varphi_{\rm diag}^{n-3} \circ \varphi_{\rm nil}^3 {{plusdots|}} {{op:Binomial coefficient|n|k-1}} \varphi_{\rm diag}^{n-k+ 1} \circ \varphi_{\rm nil}^{k-1} || || || |pm= }} |Extra= }} |Textform=Fact |Category= |Request=Power decomposition of an endomorphism }} 0cfdvv7j7dcam7v9b1463z765s192nr 0 321771 2720063 2719776 2025-06-29T20:21:44Z Atcovi 276019 /* Effect on Mental Health */ re-vise. 2720063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Article info | journal = WikiJournal of Medicine <!-- WikiJournal of Medicine, Science, or Humanities --> | last1 = Azeez | orcid1 = 0009-0007-9202-4614 | first1 = Aaqib | last2 = | first2 = | last3 = | first3 = | last4 = | first4 = <!-- up to 9 authors can be added in this above format --> | et_al = <!-- if there are >9 authors, hyperlink to the list here --> | affiliation1 = Old Dominion University | correspondence1 = yonikmalik@gmail.com | affiliations = institutes / affiliations | correspondence = email@address.com | keywords = <!-- up to 6 keywords --> | license = <!-- default is CC-BY --> | abstract = Abstract text goes here }} Mental health continues to be a critically relevant topic as the island nation has experienced decades of [[w:Black_July|violent ethnic conflict]], terrorist attacks, war crimes, and economic disruptions. Sri Lanka has only recently exited the climaxes of a [[w:Sri_Lankan_economic_crisis_(2019–2024)|severe economic crisis in 2022]], a [[w:Sri_Lankan_civil_war|nearly 30-year civil war ending in 2009]], a [[w:2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings|2019 terrorist attack]], and continues to face the ripple effects of the [[w:2004_Boxing_Day_tsunami|2004 Boxing Day tsunami]]. The exact effect these major events have had on mental health in the country is "unknown", but the statistics remain alarming despite a declining trend. Suicide rates in the country during the mid-1990s were the second-highest in the world with ingesting toxic products being the main suicide method. Despite the decline in suicide numbers since then—possibly attributed to Sri Lanka's ban on toxic products—evidence from a 2023 study reports an upward trend in suicide through hanging from 2016 to 2021—independent of the [[w:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka|COVID-19 pandemic]]. Several risk factors for suicide, such as poverty and economic instability, are still prevalent and even increasing in the country to this day<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajapakse|first=Thilini|last2=Silva|first2=Tharuka|last3=Hettiarachchi|first3=Nirosha Madhuwanthi|last4=Gunnell|first4=David|last5=Metcalfe|first5=Chris|last6=Spittal|first6=Matthew J.|last7=Knipe|first7=Duleeka|date=2023-01-19|title=The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdowns on Self-Poisoning and Suicide in Sri Lanka: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9914278/|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=20|issue=3|pages=1833|doi=10.3390/ijerph20031833|issn=1660-4601|pmc=9914278|pmid=36767200}}</ref>. == Methods == ==History== In the 1800s, established care for mental health began shifting from indigenous practices, mainly derived from [[w:Ayurveda|Ayurveda medicine]], to a Western model<ref name=":0">Gambheera, H. (2011). [https://www.saarcpsychiatry.com/viewText?chapter=c6 The evolution of psychiatric services in Sri Lanka]. South Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2(1), 25–27.</ref>. === Adoption of a Western-based mental healthcare model and issuances of ordinances === In 1839, [[w:James_Alexander_Stewart-Mackenzie|James Alexander Stewart-Mackenzie]], the 7th Governor of British Ceylon, released the Lunacy Ordinance, authorizing municipal authorities to create lunatic asylums for the mentally ill in the country<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://mentalhealth.health.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6&Itemid=125&lang=en|title=History - Directorate of Mental Health|website=mentalhealth.health.gov.lk|access-date=2025-05-10}}</ref>. The ordinance was concerned with the legal frameworks of detaining individuals considered dangerous to others or individuals falsely presenting themselves as mentally ill, and not on medical treatments to alleviate the conditions of detained individuals. UK psychiatrist [[w:Edward_Mapother|Edward Mapother]] critiqued the ordinance during his 1937 inspection of British Ceylon's mental health institutions in a series of reports titled ''A Disgrace to a Civilised Community'', remarking that the ordinance "[did] not seem to have contemplated treatment as a contingency to be considered"<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Permeable walls: historical perspectives on hospital and asylum visiting|date=2009|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-420-2599-8|editor-last=Mooney|editor-first=Graham|series=Clio medica|location=Amsterdam New York, NY|editor-last2=Reinarz|editor-first2=Jonathan}}</ref>. In 1840, the 1839 Ordinance was repealed and replaced by the 1840 Ordinance. The 1839 Ordinance was almost identical to the 1840 Ordinance, except the removal of two previous requirements: the requirement for official medical diagnoses of the mentally insane and the mandate to maintain adequate staff-to-patient ratios within lunatic asylums<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Alwis|first=L. A. P. de|last2=Seneviratne|first2=V. L.|last3=Mendis|first3=T. S. S.|last4=Abhayanayaka|first4=C.|date=2024-12-31|title=The development of laws related to the disposal of forensic patients in Sri Lanka: A historical review|url=https://sljpsyc.sljol.info/articles/10.4038/sljpsyc.v15i2.8569|journal=Sri Lanka Journal of Psychiatry|language=en-US|volume=15|issue=2|doi=10.4038/sljpsyc.v15i2.8569|issn=2012-6883}}</ref>. In 1873, a third Ordinance was released. It included linguistic changes, where the term, "insane", was replaced with "of unsound mind". The Ordinance also gave more power to medical professionals in determining insanity diagnoses, and more power to detainees in appealing their commitment to the mental asylum. Despite this Ordinance being the most comprehensive outlook on mental healthcare in the country by that point, the legal frameworks behind the detainment of the criminally insane were left identical to previous ordinances<ref name=":3" />. === Development of mental asylums === At the time the 1839 ordinance was released, mentally ill patients were placed either in prisons throughout the country or leprosy hospitals, such as the [[w:Hendala_Leprosy_Hospital|Hendala Leprosy Hospital]] in the Gampaha district<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />. After the creation of the first mental asylum in Borella in 1846, patients from the Hendala Leprosy Hospital were transferred to the institute in Borella. Overcrowding soon became an issue and patients institutionalized at the Borella mental asylum were sent to prisons across the country. [[File:Edward Mapother.jpg|thumb|A portrait taken of Edward Mapother during his time working at [[w:Maudsley_Hospital|Maudsley Hospital]] in London. ]] As medical institutions were being made to house the mentally insane, another mental asylum was created in the [[w:Cinnamon_Gardens|Cinnamon Gardens]] area of Colombo in 1884, though this mental asylum faced overcrowding in just one year<ref name=":0" />. Treatment in these asylums was limited to occupational and protection therapy, failing to provide treatment for the root causes of the mental disorders. In 1926, the Angoda Mental Hospital was established, scantily alleviating the severe overcrowding issues that were plaguing the preceding mental asylums. Despite an expansion in physical setting to 1,700 beds, treatment was still vastly limited and the patients were left in significantly poor conditions. === Edward Mapother's 1937 inspection of British Ceylon === Edward Mapother was born in Dublin, Ireland, on July 12, 1881 and moved to London when he was 7 years old<ref>{{Cite book|title=Madness to mental illness: a history of the Royal College of Psychiatrists|last=Bewley|first=Thomas|date=2008|publisher=RCPsych Publications ; Distributed in North America by Balogh International|isbn=978-1-904671-35-0|location=London : [S.l.]}}</ref>. Mapother attained his M.D. in 1908. While Mapother was the Medical Superintendent of Maudsley Hospital in London, England, he was invited to inspect British Ceylon's mental health institutions by Dr S. T. Gunasekara, the first Medical Director of British Ceylon<ref name=":1" />. In Mapother's visit, he commented that the Angoda Mental Hospital had the atmosphere of "a prison that is neglected and dilapidated"<ref name=":1" />. Overcrowding was still a major issue, with the institute hosting 3,000 patients—more than double the intended capacity. Patients were sleeping on mats and were clearly out of reach of adequate treatment. Mapother also noted that only 4% of public health expenditure in the country was being set for hospitals, drawing a stark comparison to London's 25%<ref name=":1" />. Mapother offered a vivid and grim account of the hospital in his reports: <blockquote> The floor, roof and walls of each cell consist alike of drab cement without any attempt at colouring or decoration. High up in one wall is a small window with stout iron bars. In the floor is a large hole into which the patient may pass his motion and urine. These cells are incompletely divided from one another by a partition which does not reach the roof so that the noise and stink from any one cell may reach at least all the others of the same row. Into these empty cells I was informed that the most noisy and troublesome patients in the hospital; were turned at night completely naked. The doors of the cell contain no observation window, and considering the violent character of many of these patients there is every ground for believing that the doors are rarely opened in the night by the solitary attendant on duty. It needs little imagination to picture the suffering of any patient in an early stage of bodily illness passing a night under such conditions, a situation which must frequently arise. I am told that the noise proceeding from this building is like that on a bad night in a menagerie<ref name=":0" />.</blockquote>Mapother proposed a series of reinforcements to the legal, institutional, and medical frameworks of mental health care in British Ceylon. This included the decentralization of the psychiatric services, a reworking of the Lunacy Ordinance to incorporate treatment into the legal framework, and the establishment of a separate service of medical professionals dedicated to psychiatry. Mapother's recommendations led to several of the best local medical professionals to be sent to London for extensive training in psychiatry, while nurses from England were sent to British Ceylon to supervise hospital operations and train local staff<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. On August 25, 1938, the Executive Committee of Health approved the strategies proposed by Mapother, though the Government was unable to fully implement all of Mapother's interventions due to the 'heavy cost'. In fact, the Government decided to forego one of his proposals, which was the suggestion of a "Visiting Committee". This committee was tasked to "meet at the hospital, carry out inspections, and make recommendations" to the Executive Committee of Health<ref name=":1" />. The Government realized that deficiencies in their mental healthcare system could prove to be "costly" for their reputation. Mapother was reportedly enraged when he found out. Mapother intended to contact the Secretary of State regarding the "distortion" of his plans, but was interrupted by events preluding to [[w:World_War_II|World War II]]<ref name=":1" />. Mapother passed away on March 20, 1940, without materializing his follow-up plans. === Post-Mapother developments and further innovations === [[File:Sri Lanka districts Colombo.svg|thumb|A map of Sri Lanka highlighting the Colombo District, where the capital is located. |right|250px]]Mapother's insights on the mental healthcare structure in British Ceylon proved to be the catalyst of massive renovations. In 1939, the first outpatient clinic was established in the [[w:National_Hospital_of_Sri_Lanka|National Hospital of Sri Lanka]] in Colombo. The first trained Ceylonese psychiatrists began practice in the 1940s, leading to the establishment of the first neuropsychiatric clinic in Colombo in 1943. Treatments for the mentally ill improved dramatically, as protectional therapy expanded to [[w:insulin_shock_therapy|insulin shock therapy]] and [[w:Electroconvulsive_therapy|cardiazol convulsive therapy]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Kathriarachchi|first=Samudra T.|last2=Seneviratne|first2=V. Lakmi|last3=Amarakoon|first3=Luckshika|date=2019-06|title=Development of Mental Health Care in Sri Lanka: Lessons Learned|url=https://journals.lww.com/tpsy/fulltext/2019/33020/development_of_mental_health_care_in_sri_lanka_.1.aspx|journal=Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry|language=en-US|volume=33|issue=2|pages=55|doi=10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_15_19|issn=1028-3684}}</ref>. Mapother's advocation for the decentralization of services were further honored through the 1947 establishment of a first child guidance clinic in Colombo General Hospital<ref name=":0" />. In 1948, British Ceylon was granted independence from the British after the [[w:Sri_Lankan_independence_movement|Sri Lankan independence movement]]. Changes in the mental healthcare structure were not immediate following independence, but rapid expensions of mental healthcare services were still ongoing. The following decades saw positive institutional developments, such as the creation of a second hospital in [[w:Mulleriyawa|Mulleriyawa]] in 1957, and the creation of a psychiatric inpatient unit in Colombo General Hospital in 1967—effectively granting the city of Colombo the luxury of hosting the top psychiatric care in the country<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4899-7999-5_4|title=Mental Health System Development in Sri Lanka|last=Minas|first=Harry|last2=Mendis|first2=Jayan|last3=Hall|first3=Teresa|date=2017|publisher=Springer US|isbn=978-1-4899-7997-1|editor-last=Minas|editor-first=Harry|location=Boston, MA|pages=59–77|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4899-7999-5_4|editor-last2=Lewis|editor-first2=Milton}}</ref>. The 1950s was also the start of psychopharmacological innovations, with the introduction of [[w:Lithium_(medication)|lithium]] and long-acting injectable antipsychotics ([[w:Depot_injection|depot]] [[w:Antipsychotic|neuroleptics]]) in the succeeding years<ref name=":4" />. Additionally, the number of public psychiatrist positions increased by 400% from 1953 to 1967<ref name=":5" />. After 1960, mental health services began to disperse from the capital of Colombo to other cities in the country<ref name=":2" />. In 1980, the [[w:Postgraduate_Institute_of_Medicine|Postgraduate Institute of Medicine]] began a program where students would enroll in a 5-year medical course and attain an MD in psychiatry, curbing the need for Sri Lankan medical students to be sent abroad to complete their training. Many of the medical students sent abroad for training never returned to Sri Lanka to practice, resulting in a "1:500,000 to 1000,000" ratio of psychiatrists to patients on "most occasions"<ref name=":0" />. === Mental Disease Ordinance of 1956 === In 1956, the 1873 Ordinance was revised a second time and renamed the "Mental Disease Ordinance of 1956"<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Hapangama|first=Aruni|last2=Mendis|first2=Jayan|last3=Kuruppuarachchi|first3=K. a. L. A.|date=2023-02|title=Why are we still living in the past? Sri Lanka needs urgent and timely reforms of its archaic mental health laws|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-international/article/why-are-we-still-living-in-the-past-sri-lanka-needs-urgent-and-timely-reforms-of-its-archaic-mental-health-laws/B18B03DC962CC6F09BC6D7877E390EE4|journal=BJPsych International|language=en|volume=20|issue=1|pages=4–6|doi=10.1192/bji.2022.26|issn=2056-4740|pmc=9909436|pmid=36812028}}</ref>. Another linguistic development is seen with the new revision as "lunancy" was replaced with "mental disease"<ref name=":6" />. The Ordinance paved the way for community-based services to be delivered to patients closer to their residences rather than solely allocating services to just hospitals. This led to the creation of a [[w:WHO|WHO]]-backed community clinic near the [[w:University_of_Colombo|University of Colombo]] in the 1970s, where the focus was to eventually ease patients in the Angoda Mental Hospital back into the general population<ref name=":5" />. === Developments from the 1990s === The 1990s and onwards saw further positive developments in framing the mental healthcare system, including the establishment of the [https://mentalhealth.health.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=featured&Itemid=101&lang=en Directorate of Mental Health] in 1998. The Directorate of Mental Health is a part of the [[w:Ministry_of_Health_(Sri_Lanka)|Ministry of Health]] who is responsible for the monitoring and implementation of mental health programs across the country<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mentalhealth.health.gov.lk/index.php?lang=en|title=Home - Directorate of Mental Health|website=mentalhealth.health.gov.lk|access-date=2025-05-12}}</ref>. As of 2025, the current director of the Directorate of Mental Health is Dr. Chithramalee de Silva<ref name=":2" />. On November 11, 2005, the Mental Health Policy was approved by the Government of Sri Lanka, advocating for establishments of more de-centralized, community-based mental health services across the country beyond the capital (Colombo). The policy aimed to concisely define the rigorous standards needed to be completed for each respected medical professional, including psychiatrists and clinical psychologists<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajapakshe|first=Onali Bimalka Wickramaseckara|last2=Mohan|first2=Mohapradeep|last3=Singh|first3=Swaran Preet|date=2023-05|title=Development of adolescent mental health services in Sri Lanka|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10895478/|journal=BJPsych international|volume=20|issue=2|pages=41–43|doi=10.1192/bji.2022.32|issn=2056-4740|pmc=10895478|pmid=38414998}}</ref>. The policy also included a new position, the "Medical Officer of Mental Health", who oversees and assists in the implementation of community-based mental health services<ref name=":0" />. This same year, the Sri Lankan government began implementing psychological services in state institutions, such as the military<ref name=":8" />. In 2007, the National Mental Health Advisory Council (NMHAC) was created to serve as an 'advisory' board for the Ministry of Health on what actions should be executed by the Directorate of Mental Health<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://mentalhealth.health.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=220&lang=en|title=Introduction - Directorate of Mental Health|website=mentalhealth.health.gov.lk|access-date=2025-05-12}}</ref>. In 2008, the Angoda Mental Hospital was restructured as the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)<ref name=":7" />. === Modern-day Sri Lanka === [[File:Feeding Children in Sri Lanka.jpg|left|thumb|Despite the noteworthy improvements in mental healthcare services in recent decades, mental health remains a significant issue due to rising poverty. ]] As of 2025, the Mental Health Act (mental health legislation) has been undergoing development since 2005 and is currently awaiting to be considered for the final stage of approval. This is expected to replace the 1956 Mental Health Ordinance<ref name=":7" />. Currently, there are 7 tertiary care hospitals, 61 adult patient units, 3 child inpatient units, and 1 forensic unit. The [[w:Lady_Ridgeway_Hospital_for_Children|Lady Ridgeway Hospital]] in Colombo and the Sirimavo Bandaranayke Specialized Children Hospital in Kandy are tailored towards alleviating children with [[w:Learning_disability|SLD]], [[w:ADHD|ADHD]], [[w:Autism_Spectrum_Disorder|ASD]] and family support for diagnosed children. As of 2017, 22 rehabilitation centers exist through the country, including 7 alcohol rehab centers<ref name=":7" />. Despite the impressive advancements in mental healthcare in the last couple of decades, Sri Lanka still suffers significant mental health issues due to increasing poverty levels in the country. The [[w:World_Bank|World Bank]] reported that [https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2024/04/08/eesc-a08.html the poverty levels in Sri Lanka increased from 11% in 2019 to 26% in 2024], with 60% of Sri Lankan households facing "decreased incomes"<ref>Lakhtakia, Shruti, Atapattu Mudiyanselage, Udahiruni Shashadari Atapat, Walker, Richard Ancrum. ''Sri Lanka Development Update - Bridge to Recovery (English).'' Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. <nowiki>http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099634104012434919</nowiki></ref>. This was churned by Sri Lanka's excessive foreign debt, economic troubles stemming from [[w:Gotabaya_Rajapaksa|Gotabaya Rajapaksa]]'s presidential term, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the [[w:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine|ongoing invasion of Ukraine by Russia (2022)]]. According to [[w:NYU|New York University]] graduate student [https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/NadiaAugustyniak Nadia Augustyniak] in her 2025 overview of Sri Lanka's public mental healthcare system, poverty-induced financial precarity remains a major obstacle to receiving access to mental healthcare services. Even though trauma from adverse weather and conflict is deleterious to mental health, issues originating from every-day struggles, especially struggles related to poverty, could arguably play a more significant role<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Augustyniak|first=Nadia|date=2025-06-01|title=Public mental healthcare and economic vulnerability in Sri Lanka|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666560324000926|journal=SSM - Mental Health|volume=7|pages=100387|doi=10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100387|issn=2666-5603}}</ref>. == Impact of Conflict & Disaster == === Sri Lankan Civil War === The '''Sri Lankan Civil War''' was a domestic conflict that took place between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (abbreviated as the ''LTTE),'' a Tamil militant group formed in the 1970s as a result of rising tensions between the majority Sinhalese and minority Tamil population. The group is considered a terrorist organization<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.start.umd.edu/baad/database/liberation-tigers-tamil-eelam-ltte-1998.html|title=BAAD - Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) - 1998 {{!}} START.umd.edu|website=www.start.umd.edu|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/liberation-tigers-tamil-eelam-aka-tamil-tigers-sri-lanka-separatists|title=Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (aka Tamil Tigers) (Sri Lanka, separatists) {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations|last=Bhattacharji|first=Preeti|website=www.cfr.org|language=en|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref>. Through brutal massacres, assassinations, and suicide bombings, the LTTE waged decades of terror which led to civilian displacement, infrastructure collapse, and the reduction of mental health services available in the northern region. [The conflict claimed the lives of over 70,000 civilians, though this number is heavily disputed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecchr.eu/en/case/sri-lankan-civil-war-government-officials-still-unpunished/|title=ECCHR: Sri Lankan civil war: Government officials still unpunished|website=www.ecchr.eu|language=en|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hrdag.org/srilanka/|title=HRDAG - Human Rights Data Analysis Group|website=HRDAG - Human Rights Data Analysis Group|language=en-US|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref>. = ]? The civil war mainly affected the northeastern portion of the country, including the [[w:Vanni_(Sri_Lanka)|Vanni region]], causing mass destruction of mental healthcare facilities. Local residents described the conflict that encompassed the region towards the end of the war with the phrase ''varthayal varnicca mudiyathavai'', translating into English as roughly 'beyond description by words'<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Somasundaram|first=Daya|date=2010-07-28|title=Collective trauma in the Vanni- a qualitative inquiry into the mental health of the internally displaced due to the civil war in Sri Lanka|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-4-22|journal=International Journal of Mental Health Systems|language=en|volume=4|issue=1|pages=22|doi=10.1186/1752-4458-4-22|issn=1752-4458|pmc=2923106|pmid=20667090}}</ref>. In 2003, only two psychiatrists were found in the region, operating on extremely limited resources and further deepening long-term trauma and mental health deterioration in the population<ref name=":5" />. In 2002, the humanitarian organization [https://www.msf.org/ Médecins Sans Frontières] performed an investigation of mental health needs in the [[w:Vavuniya|Vavuniya]] area (which was the site of intense conflict during the war, including the [[w:1985_Vavuniya_massacre|1985 Vavuniya massacre]]) and found that many of the residents suffered from high suicide rates, alcohol abuse, domestic violence, grief, and a "sense of ‘learnt helplessness’"<ref name=":5" />. A team from the University of Konstanz in Germany found that 92% of grade school children were exposed to "combat, shelling, and witnessing the death of loved ones"<ref name=":9" />. [tie MSF to long-term psychiatric gaps]. [[w:War_crimes_during_the_final_stages_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war|Extensive war crimes committed by the Sri Lankan government]] are not a mystery to be unraveled and are generally known to the public, despite the government attempting to surpress any [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_p1TfTguW0 mentions] or [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vtm54Y9USEg investigations] of it<ref>See also [[w:Sexual violence in the Sri Lankan civil war]].</ref>. A 2009 HRW report stated that the Sri Lankan government assumed native Tamil population residing in war zones to be "siding with the LTTE and [therefore, were] treated as combatants", leading to indiscriminate shellings and massacres of civilians<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2009-02-19|title=War on the Displaced|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/02/19/war-displaced/sri-lankan-army-and-ltte-abuses-against-civilians-vanni|journal=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}</ref>. Alongside the heinous atrocities committed by the Sri Lankan military, the Vanni population also endured the brutal theatrics of the LTTE, which recruited men, women, and even children with minimal training, effectively rendering them cannon fodder. === 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami === == Present-Day Challenges & Stigmas == === Treatment === ==== Ayurveda medicine ==== === Stigmas === === Future outlook === ==== Criticism of the Mental Disease Ordinance of 1956 ==== <ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dey|first=Sangeeta|last2=Mellsop|first2=Graham|last3=Diesfeld|first3=Kate|last4=Dharmawardene|first4=Vajira|last5=Mendis|first5=Susitha|last6=Chaudhuri|first6=Sreemanti|last7=Deb|first7=Aniruddha|last8=Huq|first8=Nafisa|last9=Ahmed|first9=Helal Uddin|date=2019-10-24|title=Comparing legislation for involuntary admission and treatment of mental illness in four South Asian countries|url=https://ijmhs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13033-019-0322-7|journal=International Journal of Mental Health Systems|volume=13|issue=1|pages=67|doi=10.1186/s13033-019-0322-7|issn=1752-4458|pmc=6813093|pmid=31666805}}</ref> ==== Expansion of services for women facing domestic violence ==== <ref name=":8" /> (last paragraph before 4.2; see discussion + conclusion as well) == Conclusion == ==Additional information== ===Acknowledgements=== Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank. ===Competing interests=== No competing interests. ===Ethics statement=== An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section. ==References== {{reflist|35em}} aeyploxuigcdtys252gtw759pcbh8jo 2720064 2720063 2025-06-29T20:22:09Z Atcovi 276019 sec 2720064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Article info | journal = WikiJournal of Medicine <!-- WikiJournal of Medicine, Science, or Humanities --> | last1 = Azeez | orcid1 = 0009-0007-9202-4614 | first1 = Aaqib | last2 = | first2 = | last3 = | first3 = | last4 = | first4 = <!-- up to 9 authors can be added in this above format --> | et_al = <!-- if there are >9 authors, hyperlink to the list here --> | affiliation1 = Old Dominion University | correspondence1 = yonikmalik@gmail.com | affiliations = institutes / affiliations | correspondence = email@address.com | keywords = <!-- up to 6 keywords --> | license = <!-- default is CC-BY --> | abstract = Abstract text goes here }} Mental health continues to be a critically relevant topic as the island nation has experienced decades of [[w:Black_July|violent ethnic conflict]], terrorist attacks, war crimes, and economic disruptions. Sri Lanka has only recently exited the climaxes of a [[w:Sri_Lankan_economic_crisis_(2019–2024)|severe economic crisis in 2022]], a [[w:Sri_Lankan_civil_war|nearly 30-year civil war ending in 2009]], a [[w:2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings|2019 terrorist attack]], and continues to face the ripple effects of the [[w:2004_Boxing_Day_tsunami|2004 Boxing Day tsunami]]. The exact effect these major events have had on mental health in the country is "unknown", but the statistics remain alarming despite a declining trend. Suicide rates in the country during the mid-1990s were the second-highest in the world with ingesting toxic products being the main suicide method. Despite the decline in suicide numbers since then—possibly attributed to Sri Lanka's ban on toxic products—evidence from a 2023 study reports an upward trend in suicide through hanging from 2016 to 2021—independent of the [[w:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka|COVID-19 pandemic]]. Several risk factors for suicide, such as poverty and economic instability, are still prevalent and even increasing in the country to this day<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajapakse|first=Thilini|last2=Silva|first2=Tharuka|last3=Hettiarachchi|first3=Nirosha Madhuwanthi|last4=Gunnell|first4=David|last5=Metcalfe|first5=Chris|last6=Spittal|first6=Matthew J.|last7=Knipe|first7=Duleeka|date=2023-01-19|title=The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdowns on Self-Poisoning and Suicide in Sri Lanka: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9914278/|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=20|issue=3|pages=1833|doi=10.3390/ijerph20031833|issn=1660-4601|pmc=9914278|pmid=36767200}}</ref>. == Introduction == == Methods == ==History== In the 1800s, established care for mental health began shifting from indigenous practices, mainly derived from [[w:Ayurveda|Ayurveda medicine]], to a Western model<ref name=":0">Gambheera, H. (2011). [https://www.saarcpsychiatry.com/viewText?chapter=c6 The evolution of psychiatric services in Sri Lanka]. South Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2(1), 25–27.</ref>. === Adoption of a Western-based mental healthcare model and issuances of ordinances === In 1839, [[w:James_Alexander_Stewart-Mackenzie|James Alexander Stewart-Mackenzie]], the 7th Governor of British Ceylon, released the Lunacy Ordinance, authorizing municipal authorities to create lunatic asylums for the mentally ill in the country<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://mentalhealth.health.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6&Itemid=125&lang=en|title=History - Directorate of Mental Health|website=mentalhealth.health.gov.lk|access-date=2025-05-10}}</ref>. The ordinance was concerned with the legal frameworks of detaining individuals considered dangerous to others or individuals falsely presenting themselves as mentally ill, and not on medical treatments to alleviate the conditions of detained individuals. UK psychiatrist [[w:Edward_Mapother|Edward Mapother]] critiqued the ordinance during his 1937 inspection of British Ceylon's mental health institutions in a series of reports titled ''A Disgrace to a Civilised Community'', remarking that the ordinance "[did] not seem to have contemplated treatment as a contingency to be considered"<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Permeable walls: historical perspectives on hospital and asylum visiting|date=2009|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-420-2599-8|editor-last=Mooney|editor-first=Graham|series=Clio medica|location=Amsterdam New York, NY|editor-last2=Reinarz|editor-first2=Jonathan}}</ref>. In 1840, the 1839 Ordinance was repealed and replaced by the 1840 Ordinance. The 1839 Ordinance was almost identical to the 1840 Ordinance, except the removal of two previous requirements: the requirement for official medical diagnoses of the mentally insane and the mandate to maintain adequate staff-to-patient ratios within lunatic asylums<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Alwis|first=L. A. P. de|last2=Seneviratne|first2=V. L.|last3=Mendis|first3=T. S. S.|last4=Abhayanayaka|first4=C.|date=2024-12-31|title=The development of laws related to the disposal of forensic patients in Sri Lanka: A historical review|url=https://sljpsyc.sljol.info/articles/10.4038/sljpsyc.v15i2.8569|journal=Sri Lanka Journal of Psychiatry|language=en-US|volume=15|issue=2|doi=10.4038/sljpsyc.v15i2.8569|issn=2012-6883}}</ref>. In 1873, a third Ordinance was released. It included linguistic changes, where the term, "insane", was replaced with "of unsound mind". The Ordinance also gave more power to medical professionals in determining insanity diagnoses, and more power to detainees in appealing their commitment to the mental asylum. Despite this Ordinance being the most comprehensive outlook on mental healthcare in the country by that point, the legal frameworks behind the detainment of the criminally insane were left identical to previous ordinances<ref name=":3" />. === Development of mental asylums === At the time the 1839 ordinance was released, mentally ill patients were placed either in prisons throughout the country or leprosy hospitals, such as the [[w:Hendala_Leprosy_Hospital|Hendala Leprosy Hospital]] in the Gampaha district<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />. After the creation of the first mental asylum in Borella in 1846, patients from the Hendala Leprosy Hospital were transferred to the institute in Borella. Overcrowding soon became an issue and patients institutionalized at the Borella mental asylum were sent to prisons across the country. [[File:Edward Mapother.jpg|thumb|A portrait taken of Edward Mapother during his time working at [[w:Maudsley_Hospital|Maudsley Hospital]] in London. ]] As medical institutions were being made to house the mentally insane, another mental asylum was created in the [[w:Cinnamon_Gardens|Cinnamon Gardens]] area of Colombo in 1884, though this mental asylum faced overcrowding in just one year<ref name=":0" />. Treatment in these asylums was limited to occupational and protection therapy, failing to provide treatment for the root causes of the mental disorders. In 1926, the Angoda Mental Hospital was established, scantily alleviating the severe overcrowding issues that were plaguing the preceding mental asylums. Despite an expansion in physical setting to 1,700 beds, treatment was still vastly limited and the patients were left in significantly poor conditions. === Edward Mapother's 1937 inspection of British Ceylon === Edward Mapother was born in Dublin, Ireland, on July 12, 1881 and moved to London when he was 7 years old<ref>{{Cite book|title=Madness to mental illness: a history of the Royal College of Psychiatrists|last=Bewley|first=Thomas|date=2008|publisher=RCPsych Publications ; Distributed in North America by Balogh International|isbn=978-1-904671-35-0|location=London : [S.l.]}}</ref>. Mapother attained his M.D. in 1908. While Mapother was the Medical Superintendent of Maudsley Hospital in London, England, he was invited to inspect British Ceylon's mental health institutions by Dr S. T. Gunasekara, the first Medical Director of British Ceylon<ref name=":1" />. In Mapother's visit, he commented that the Angoda Mental Hospital had the atmosphere of "a prison that is neglected and dilapidated"<ref name=":1" />. Overcrowding was still a major issue, with the institute hosting 3,000 patients—more than double the intended capacity. Patients were sleeping on mats and were clearly out of reach of adequate treatment. Mapother also noted that only 4% of public health expenditure in the country was being set for hospitals, drawing a stark comparison to London's 25%<ref name=":1" />. Mapother offered a vivid and grim account of the hospital in his reports: <blockquote> The floor, roof and walls of each cell consist alike of drab cement without any attempt at colouring or decoration. High up in one wall is a small window with stout iron bars. In the floor is a large hole into which the patient may pass his motion and urine. These cells are incompletely divided from one another by a partition which does not reach the roof so that the noise and stink from any one cell may reach at least all the others of the same row. Into these empty cells I was informed that the most noisy and troublesome patients in the hospital; were turned at night completely naked. The doors of the cell contain no observation window, and considering the violent character of many of these patients there is every ground for believing that the doors are rarely opened in the night by the solitary attendant on duty. It needs little imagination to picture the suffering of any patient in an early stage of bodily illness passing a night under such conditions, a situation which must frequently arise. I am told that the noise proceeding from this building is like that on a bad night in a menagerie<ref name=":0" />.</blockquote>Mapother proposed a series of reinforcements to the legal, institutional, and medical frameworks of mental health care in British Ceylon. This included the decentralization of the psychiatric services, a reworking of the Lunacy Ordinance to incorporate treatment into the legal framework, and the establishment of a separate service of medical professionals dedicated to psychiatry. Mapother's recommendations led to several of the best local medical professionals to be sent to London for extensive training in psychiatry, while nurses from England were sent to British Ceylon to supervise hospital operations and train local staff<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. On August 25, 1938, the Executive Committee of Health approved the strategies proposed by Mapother, though the Government was unable to fully implement all of Mapother's interventions due to the 'heavy cost'. In fact, the Government decided to forego one of his proposals, which was the suggestion of a "Visiting Committee". This committee was tasked to "meet at the hospital, carry out inspections, and make recommendations" to the Executive Committee of Health<ref name=":1" />. The Government realized that deficiencies in their mental healthcare system could prove to be "costly" for their reputation. Mapother was reportedly enraged when he found out. Mapother intended to contact the Secretary of State regarding the "distortion" of his plans, but was interrupted by events preluding to [[w:World_War_II|World War II]]<ref name=":1" />. Mapother passed away on March 20, 1940, without materializing his follow-up plans. === Post-Mapother developments and further innovations === [[File:Sri Lanka districts Colombo.svg|thumb|A map of Sri Lanka highlighting the Colombo District, where the capital is located. |right|250px]]Mapother's insights on the mental healthcare structure in British Ceylon proved to be the catalyst of massive renovations. In 1939, the first outpatient clinic was established in the [[w:National_Hospital_of_Sri_Lanka|National Hospital of Sri Lanka]] in Colombo. The first trained Ceylonese psychiatrists began practice in the 1940s, leading to the establishment of the first neuropsychiatric clinic in Colombo in 1943. Treatments for the mentally ill improved dramatically, as protectional therapy expanded to [[w:insulin_shock_therapy|insulin shock therapy]] and [[w:Electroconvulsive_therapy|cardiazol convulsive therapy]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Kathriarachchi|first=Samudra T.|last2=Seneviratne|first2=V. Lakmi|last3=Amarakoon|first3=Luckshika|date=2019-06|title=Development of Mental Health Care in Sri Lanka: Lessons Learned|url=https://journals.lww.com/tpsy/fulltext/2019/33020/development_of_mental_health_care_in_sri_lanka_.1.aspx|journal=Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry|language=en-US|volume=33|issue=2|pages=55|doi=10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_15_19|issn=1028-3684}}</ref>. Mapother's advocation for the decentralization of services were further honored through the 1947 establishment of a first child guidance clinic in Colombo General Hospital<ref name=":0" />. In 1948, British Ceylon was granted independence from the British after the [[w:Sri_Lankan_independence_movement|Sri Lankan independence movement]]. Changes in the mental healthcare structure were not immediate following independence, but rapid expensions of mental healthcare services were still ongoing. The following decades saw positive institutional developments, such as the creation of a second hospital in [[w:Mulleriyawa|Mulleriyawa]] in 1957, and the creation of a psychiatric inpatient unit in Colombo General Hospital in 1967—effectively granting the city of Colombo the luxury of hosting the top psychiatric care in the country<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4899-7999-5_4|title=Mental Health System Development in Sri Lanka|last=Minas|first=Harry|last2=Mendis|first2=Jayan|last3=Hall|first3=Teresa|date=2017|publisher=Springer US|isbn=978-1-4899-7997-1|editor-last=Minas|editor-first=Harry|location=Boston, MA|pages=59–77|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4899-7999-5_4|editor-last2=Lewis|editor-first2=Milton}}</ref>. The 1950s was also the start of psychopharmacological innovations, with the introduction of [[w:Lithium_(medication)|lithium]] and long-acting injectable antipsychotics ([[w:Depot_injection|depot]] [[w:Antipsychotic|neuroleptics]]) in the succeeding years<ref name=":4" />. Additionally, the number of public psychiatrist positions increased by 400% from 1953 to 1967<ref name=":5" />. After 1960, mental health services began to disperse from the capital of Colombo to other cities in the country<ref name=":2" />. In 1980, the [[w:Postgraduate_Institute_of_Medicine|Postgraduate Institute of Medicine]] began a program where students would enroll in a 5-year medical course and attain an MD in psychiatry, curbing the need for Sri Lankan medical students to be sent abroad to complete their training. Many of the medical students sent abroad for training never returned to Sri Lanka to practice, resulting in a "1:500,000 to 1000,000" ratio of psychiatrists to patients on "most occasions"<ref name=":0" />. === Mental Disease Ordinance of 1956 === In 1956, the 1873 Ordinance was revised a second time and renamed the "Mental Disease Ordinance of 1956"<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Hapangama|first=Aruni|last2=Mendis|first2=Jayan|last3=Kuruppuarachchi|first3=K. a. L. A.|date=2023-02|title=Why are we still living in the past? Sri Lanka needs urgent and timely reforms of its archaic mental health laws|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-international/article/why-are-we-still-living-in-the-past-sri-lanka-needs-urgent-and-timely-reforms-of-its-archaic-mental-health-laws/B18B03DC962CC6F09BC6D7877E390EE4|journal=BJPsych International|language=en|volume=20|issue=1|pages=4–6|doi=10.1192/bji.2022.26|issn=2056-4740|pmc=9909436|pmid=36812028}}</ref>. Another linguistic development is seen with the new revision as "lunancy" was replaced with "mental disease"<ref name=":6" />. The Ordinance paved the way for community-based services to be delivered to patients closer to their residences rather than solely allocating services to just hospitals. This led to the creation of a [[w:WHO|WHO]]-backed community clinic near the [[w:University_of_Colombo|University of Colombo]] in the 1970s, where the focus was to eventually ease patients in the Angoda Mental Hospital back into the general population<ref name=":5" />. === Developments from the 1990s === The 1990s and onwards saw further positive developments in framing the mental healthcare system, including the establishment of the [https://mentalhealth.health.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=featured&Itemid=101&lang=en Directorate of Mental Health] in 1998. The Directorate of Mental Health is a part of the [[w:Ministry_of_Health_(Sri_Lanka)|Ministry of Health]] who is responsible for the monitoring and implementation of mental health programs across the country<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mentalhealth.health.gov.lk/index.php?lang=en|title=Home - Directorate of Mental Health|website=mentalhealth.health.gov.lk|access-date=2025-05-12}}</ref>. As of 2025, the current director of the Directorate of Mental Health is Dr. Chithramalee de Silva<ref name=":2" />. On November 11, 2005, the Mental Health Policy was approved by the Government of Sri Lanka, advocating for establishments of more de-centralized, community-based mental health services across the country beyond the capital (Colombo). The policy aimed to concisely define the rigorous standards needed to be completed for each respected medical professional, including psychiatrists and clinical psychologists<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajapakshe|first=Onali Bimalka Wickramaseckara|last2=Mohan|first2=Mohapradeep|last3=Singh|first3=Swaran Preet|date=2023-05|title=Development of adolescent mental health services in Sri Lanka|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10895478/|journal=BJPsych international|volume=20|issue=2|pages=41–43|doi=10.1192/bji.2022.32|issn=2056-4740|pmc=10895478|pmid=38414998}}</ref>. The policy also included a new position, the "Medical Officer of Mental Health", who oversees and assists in the implementation of community-based mental health services<ref name=":0" />. This same year, the Sri Lankan government began implementing psychological services in state institutions, such as the military<ref name=":8" />. In 2007, the National Mental Health Advisory Council (NMHAC) was created to serve as an 'advisory' board for the Ministry of Health on what actions should be executed by the Directorate of Mental Health<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://mentalhealth.health.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=220&lang=en|title=Introduction - Directorate of Mental Health|website=mentalhealth.health.gov.lk|access-date=2025-05-12}}</ref>. In 2008, the Angoda Mental Hospital was restructured as the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)<ref name=":7" />. === Modern-day Sri Lanka === [[File:Feeding Children in Sri Lanka.jpg|left|thumb|Despite the noteworthy improvements in mental healthcare services in recent decades, mental health remains a significant issue due to rising poverty. ]] As of 2025, the Mental Health Act (mental health legislation) has been undergoing development since 2005 and is currently awaiting to be considered for the final stage of approval. This is expected to replace the 1956 Mental Health Ordinance<ref name=":7" />. Currently, there are 7 tertiary care hospitals, 61 adult patient units, 3 child inpatient units, and 1 forensic unit. The [[w:Lady_Ridgeway_Hospital_for_Children|Lady Ridgeway Hospital]] in Colombo and the Sirimavo Bandaranayke Specialized Children Hospital in Kandy are tailored towards alleviating children with [[w:Learning_disability|SLD]], [[w:ADHD|ADHD]], [[w:Autism_Spectrum_Disorder|ASD]] and family support for diagnosed children. As of 2017, 22 rehabilitation centers exist through the country, including 7 alcohol rehab centers<ref name=":7" />. Despite the impressive advancements in mental healthcare in the last couple of decades, Sri Lanka still suffers significant mental health issues due to increasing poverty levels in the country. The [[w:World_Bank|World Bank]] reported that [https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2024/04/08/eesc-a08.html the poverty levels in Sri Lanka increased from 11% in 2019 to 26% in 2024], with 60% of Sri Lankan households facing "decreased incomes"<ref>Lakhtakia, Shruti, Atapattu Mudiyanselage, Udahiruni Shashadari Atapat, Walker, Richard Ancrum. ''Sri Lanka Development Update - Bridge to Recovery (English).'' Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. <nowiki>http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099634104012434919</nowiki></ref>. This was churned by Sri Lanka's excessive foreign debt, economic troubles stemming from [[w:Gotabaya_Rajapaksa|Gotabaya Rajapaksa]]'s presidential term, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the [[w:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine|ongoing invasion of Ukraine by Russia (2022)]]. According to [[w:NYU|New York University]] graduate student [https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/NadiaAugustyniak Nadia Augustyniak] in her 2025 overview of Sri Lanka's public mental healthcare system, poverty-induced financial precarity remains a major obstacle to receiving access to mental healthcare services. Even though trauma from adverse weather and conflict is deleterious to mental health, issues originating from every-day struggles, especially struggles related to poverty, could arguably play a more significant role<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Augustyniak|first=Nadia|date=2025-06-01|title=Public mental healthcare and economic vulnerability in Sri Lanka|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666560324000926|journal=SSM - Mental Health|volume=7|pages=100387|doi=10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100387|issn=2666-5603}}</ref>. == Impact of Conflict & Disaster == === Sri Lankan Civil War === The '''Sri Lankan Civil War''' was a domestic conflict that took place between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (abbreviated as the ''LTTE),'' a Tamil militant group formed in the 1970s as a result of rising tensions between the majority Sinhalese and minority Tamil population. The group is considered a terrorist organization<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.start.umd.edu/baad/database/liberation-tigers-tamil-eelam-ltte-1998.html|title=BAAD - Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) - 1998 {{!}} START.umd.edu|website=www.start.umd.edu|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/liberation-tigers-tamil-eelam-aka-tamil-tigers-sri-lanka-separatists|title=Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (aka Tamil Tigers) (Sri Lanka, separatists) {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations|last=Bhattacharji|first=Preeti|website=www.cfr.org|language=en|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref>. Through brutal massacres, assassinations, and suicide bombings, the LTTE waged decades of terror which led to civilian displacement, infrastructure collapse, and the reduction of mental health services available in the northern region. [The conflict claimed the lives of over 70,000 civilians, though this number is heavily disputed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecchr.eu/en/case/sri-lankan-civil-war-government-officials-still-unpunished/|title=ECCHR: Sri Lankan civil war: Government officials still unpunished|website=www.ecchr.eu|language=en|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hrdag.org/srilanka/|title=HRDAG - Human Rights Data Analysis Group|website=HRDAG - Human Rights Data Analysis Group|language=en-US|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref>. = ]? The civil war mainly affected the northeastern portion of the country, including the [[w:Vanni_(Sri_Lanka)|Vanni region]], causing mass destruction of mental healthcare facilities. Local residents described the conflict that encompassed the region towards the end of the war with the phrase ''varthayal varnicca mudiyathavai'', translating into English as roughly 'beyond description by words'<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Somasundaram|first=Daya|date=2010-07-28|title=Collective trauma in the Vanni- a qualitative inquiry into the mental health of the internally displaced due to the civil war in Sri Lanka|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-4-22|journal=International Journal of Mental Health Systems|language=en|volume=4|issue=1|pages=22|doi=10.1186/1752-4458-4-22|issn=1752-4458|pmc=2923106|pmid=20667090}}</ref>. In 2003, only two psychiatrists were found in the region, operating on extremely limited resources and further deepening long-term trauma and mental health deterioration in the population<ref name=":5" />. In 2002, the humanitarian organization [https://www.msf.org/ Médecins Sans Frontières] performed an investigation of mental health needs in the [[w:Vavuniya|Vavuniya]] area (which was the site of intense conflict during the war, including the [[w:1985_Vavuniya_massacre|1985 Vavuniya massacre]]) and found that many of the residents suffered from high suicide rates, alcohol abuse, domestic violence, grief, and a "sense of ‘learnt helplessness’"<ref name=":5" />. A team from the University of Konstanz in Germany found that 92% of grade school children were exposed to "combat, shelling, and witnessing the death of loved ones"<ref name=":9" />. [tie MSF to long-term psychiatric gaps]. [[w:War_crimes_during_the_final_stages_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war|Extensive war crimes committed by the Sri Lankan government]] are not a mystery to be unraveled and are generally known to the public, despite the government attempting to surpress any [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_p1TfTguW0 mentions] or [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vtm54Y9USEg investigations] of it<ref>See also [[w:Sexual violence in the Sri Lankan civil war]].</ref>. A 2009 HRW report stated that the Sri Lankan government assumed native Tamil population residing in war zones to be "siding with the LTTE and [therefore, were] treated as combatants", leading to indiscriminate shellings and massacres of civilians<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2009-02-19|title=War on the Displaced|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/02/19/war-displaced/sri-lankan-army-and-ltte-abuses-against-civilians-vanni|journal=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}</ref>. Alongside the heinous atrocities committed by the Sri Lankan military, the Vanni population also endured the brutal theatrics of the LTTE, which recruited men, women, and even children with minimal training, effectively rendering them cannon fodder. === 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami === == Present-Day Challenges & Stigmas == === Treatment === ==== Ayurveda medicine ==== === Stigmas === === Future outlook === ==== Criticism of the Mental Disease Ordinance of 1956 ==== <ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dey|first=Sangeeta|last2=Mellsop|first2=Graham|last3=Diesfeld|first3=Kate|last4=Dharmawardene|first4=Vajira|last5=Mendis|first5=Susitha|last6=Chaudhuri|first6=Sreemanti|last7=Deb|first7=Aniruddha|last8=Huq|first8=Nafisa|last9=Ahmed|first9=Helal Uddin|date=2019-10-24|title=Comparing legislation for involuntary admission and treatment of mental illness in four South Asian countries|url=https://ijmhs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13033-019-0322-7|journal=International Journal of Mental Health Systems|volume=13|issue=1|pages=67|doi=10.1186/s13033-019-0322-7|issn=1752-4458|pmc=6813093|pmid=31666805}}</ref> ==== Expansion of services for women facing domestic violence ==== <ref name=":8" /> (last paragraph before 4.2; see discussion + conclusion as well) == Conclusion == ==Additional information== ===Acknowledgements=== Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank. ===Competing interests=== No competing interests. ===Ethics statement=== An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section. ==References== {{reflist|35em}} 1ldzerymm7j1pw6pxnxknyrmb4ab77p 2720065 2720064 2025-06-29T20:23:36Z Atcovi 276019 /* History */ re-doing 2720065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Article info | journal = WikiJournal of Medicine <!-- WikiJournal of Medicine, Science, or Humanities --> | last1 = Azeez | orcid1 = 0009-0007-9202-4614 | first1 = Aaqib | last2 = | first2 = | last3 = | first3 = | last4 = | first4 = <!-- up to 9 authors can be added in this above format --> | et_al = <!-- if there are >9 authors, hyperlink to the list here --> | affiliation1 = Old Dominion University | correspondence1 = yonikmalik@gmail.com | affiliations = institutes / affiliations | correspondence = email@address.com | keywords = <!-- up to 6 keywords --> | license = <!-- default is CC-BY --> | abstract = Abstract text goes here }} Mental health continues to be a critically relevant topic as the island nation has experienced decades of [[w:Black_July|violent ethnic conflict]], terrorist attacks, war crimes, and economic disruptions. Sri Lanka has only recently exited the climaxes of a [[w:Sri_Lankan_economic_crisis_(2019–2024)|severe economic crisis in 2022]], a [[w:Sri_Lankan_civil_war|nearly 30-year civil war ending in 2009]], a [[w:2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings|2019 terrorist attack]], and continues to face the ripple effects of the [[w:2004_Boxing_Day_tsunami|2004 Boxing Day tsunami]]. The exact effect these major events have had on mental health in the country is "unknown", but the statistics remain alarming despite a declining trend. Suicide rates in the country during the mid-1990s were the second-highest in the world with ingesting toxic products being the main suicide method. Despite the decline in suicide numbers since then—possibly attributed to Sri Lanka's ban on toxic products—evidence from a 2023 study reports an upward trend in suicide through hanging from 2016 to 2021—independent of the [[w:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka|COVID-19 pandemic]]. Several risk factors for suicide, such as poverty and economic instability, are still prevalent and even increasing in the country to this day<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajapakse|first=Thilini|last2=Silva|first2=Tharuka|last3=Hettiarachchi|first3=Nirosha Madhuwanthi|last4=Gunnell|first4=David|last5=Metcalfe|first5=Chris|last6=Spittal|first6=Matthew J.|last7=Knipe|first7=Duleeka|date=2023-01-19|title=The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdowns on Self-Poisoning and Suicide in Sri Lanka: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9914278/|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=20|issue=3|pages=1833|doi=10.3390/ijerph20031833|issn=1660-4601|pmc=9914278|pmid=36767200}}</ref>. == Introduction == == Methods == ==Historical Development of Mental Health Services== In the 1800s, established care for mental health began shifting from indigenous practices, mainly derived from [[w:Ayurveda|Ayurveda medicine]], to a Western model<ref name=":0">Gambheera, H. (2011). [https://www.saarcpsychiatry.com/viewText?chapter=c6 The evolution of psychiatric services in Sri Lanka]. South Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2(1), 25–27.</ref>. === Adoption of a Western-based mental healthcare model and issuances of ordinances === In 1839, [[w:James_Alexander_Stewart-Mackenzie|James Alexander Stewart-Mackenzie]], the 7th Governor of British Ceylon, released the Lunacy Ordinance, authorizing municipal authorities to create lunatic asylums for the mentally ill in the country<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://mentalhealth.health.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6&Itemid=125&lang=en|title=History - Directorate of Mental Health|website=mentalhealth.health.gov.lk|access-date=2025-05-10}}</ref>. The ordinance was concerned with the legal frameworks of detaining individuals considered dangerous to others or individuals falsely presenting themselves as mentally ill, and not on medical treatments to alleviate the conditions of detained individuals. UK psychiatrist [[w:Edward_Mapother|Edward Mapother]] critiqued the ordinance during his 1937 inspection of British Ceylon's mental health institutions in a series of reports titled ''A Disgrace to a Civilised Community'', remarking that the ordinance "[did] not seem to have contemplated treatment as a contingency to be considered"<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Permeable walls: historical perspectives on hospital and asylum visiting|date=2009|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-90-420-2599-8|editor-last=Mooney|editor-first=Graham|series=Clio medica|location=Amsterdam New York, NY|editor-last2=Reinarz|editor-first2=Jonathan}}</ref>. In 1840, the 1839 Ordinance was repealed and replaced by the 1840 Ordinance. The 1839 Ordinance was almost identical to the 1840 Ordinance, except the removal of two previous requirements: the requirement for official medical diagnoses of the mentally insane and the mandate to maintain adequate staff-to-patient ratios within lunatic asylums<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Alwis|first=L. A. P. de|last2=Seneviratne|first2=V. L.|last3=Mendis|first3=T. S. S.|last4=Abhayanayaka|first4=C.|date=2024-12-31|title=The development of laws related to the disposal of forensic patients in Sri Lanka: A historical review|url=https://sljpsyc.sljol.info/articles/10.4038/sljpsyc.v15i2.8569|journal=Sri Lanka Journal of Psychiatry|language=en-US|volume=15|issue=2|doi=10.4038/sljpsyc.v15i2.8569|issn=2012-6883}}</ref>. In 1873, a third Ordinance was released. It included linguistic changes, where the term, "insane", was replaced with "of unsound mind". The Ordinance also gave more power to medical professionals in determining insanity diagnoses, and more power to detainees in appealing their commitment to the mental asylum. Despite this Ordinance being the most comprehensive outlook on mental healthcare in the country by that point, the legal frameworks behind the detainment of the criminally insane were left identical to previous ordinances<ref name=":3" />. === Development of mental asylums === At the time the 1839 ordinance was released, mentally ill patients were placed either in prisons throughout the country or leprosy hospitals, such as the [[w:Hendala_Leprosy_Hospital|Hendala Leprosy Hospital]] in the Gampaha district<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />. After the creation of the first mental asylum in Borella in 1846, patients from the Hendala Leprosy Hospital were transferred to the institute in Borella. Overcrowding soon became an issue and patients institutionalized at the Borella mental asylum were sent to prisons across the country. [[File:Edward Mapother.jpg|thumb|A portrait taken of Edward Mapother during his time working at [[w:Maudsley_Hospital|Maudsley Hospital]] in London. ]] As medical institutions were being made to house the mentally insane, another mental asylum was created in the [[w:Cinnamon_Gardens|Cinnamon Gardens]] area of Colombo in 1884, though this mental asylum faced overcrowding in just one year<ref name=":0" />. Treatment in these asylums was limited to occupational and protection therapy, failing to provide treatment for the root causes of the mental disorders. In 1926, the Angoda Mental Hospital was established, scantily alleviating the severe overcrowding issues that were plaguing the preceding mental asylums. Despite an expansion in physical setting to 1,700 beds, treatment was still vastly limited and the patients were left in significantly poor conditions. === Edward Mapother's 1937 inspection of British Ceylon === Edward Mapother was born in Dublin, Ireland, on July 12, 1881 and moved to London when he was 7 years old<ref>{{Cite book|title=Madness to mental illness: a history of the Royal College of Psychiatrists|last=Bewley|first=Thomas|date=2008|publisher=RCPsych Publications ; Distributed in North America by Balogh International|isbn=978-1-904671-35-0|location=London : [S.l.]}}</ref>. Mapother attained his M.D. in 1908. While Mapother was the Medical Superintendent of Maudsley Hospital in London, England, he was invited to inspect British Ceylon's mental health institutions by Dr S. T. Gunasekara, the first Medical Director of British Ceylon<ref name=":1" />. In Mapother's visit, he commented that the Angoda Mental Hospital had the atmosphere of "a prison that is neglected and dilapidated"<ref name=":1" />. Overcrowding was still a major issue, with the institute hosting 3,000 patients—more than double the intended capacity. Patients were sleeping on mats and were clearly out of reach of adequate treatment. Mapother also noted that only 4% of public health expenditure in the country was being set for hospitals, drawing a stark comparison to London's 25%<ref name=":1" />. Mapother offered a vivid and grim account of the hospital in his reports: <blockquote> The floor, roof and walls of each cell consist alike of drab cement without any attempt at colouring or decoration. High up in one wall is a small window with stout iron bars. In the floor is a large hole into which the patient may pass his motion and urine. These cells are incompletely divided from one another by a partition which does not reach the roof so that the noise and stink from any one cell may reach at least all the others of the same row. Into these empty cells I was informed that the most noisy and troublesome patients in the hospital; were turned at night completely naked. The doors of the cell contain no observation window, and considering the violent character of many of these patients there is every ground for believing that the doors are rarely opened in the night by the solitary attendant on duty. It needs little imagination to picture the suffering of any patient in an early stage of bodily illness passing a night under such conditions, a situation which must frequently arise. I am told that the noise proceeding from this building is like that on a bad night in a menagerie<ref name=":0" />.</blockquote>Mapother proposed a series of reinforcements to the legal, institutional, and medical frameworks of mental health care in British Ceylon. This included the decentralization of the psychiatric services, a reworking of the Lunacy Ordinance to incorporate treatment into the legal framework, and the establishment of a separate service of medical professionals dedicated to psychiatry. Mapother's recommendations led to several of the best local medical professionals to be sent to London for extensive training in psychiatry, while nurses from England were sent to British Ceylon to supervise hospital operations and train local staff<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. On August 25, 1938, the Executive Committee of Health approved the strategies proposed by Mapother, though the Government was unable to fully implement all of Mapother's interventions due to the 'heavy cost'. In fact, the Government decided to forego one of his proposals, which was the suggestion of a "Visiting Committee". This committee was tasked to "meet at the hospital, carry out inspections, and make recommendations" to the Executive Committee of Health<ref name=":1" />. The Government realized that deficiencies in their mental healthcare system could prove to be "costly" for their reputation. Mapother was reportedly enraged when he found out. Mapother intended to contact the Secretary of State regarding the "distortion" of his plans, but was interrupted by events preluding to [[w:World_War_II|World War II]]<ref name=":1" />. Mapother passed away on March 20, 1940, without materializing his follow-up plans. === Post-Mapother developments and further innovations === [[File:Sri Lanka districts Colombo.svg|thumb|A map of Sri Lanka highlighting the Colombo District, where the capital is located. |right|250px]]Mapother's insights on the mental healthcare structure in British Ceylon proved to be the catalyst of massive renovations. In 1939, the first outpatient clinic was established in the [[w:National_Hospital_of_Sri_Lanka|National Hospital of Sri Lanka]] in Colombo. The first trained Ceylonese psychiatrists began practice in the 1940s, leading to the establishment of the first neuropsychiatric clinic in Colombo in 1943. Treatments for the mentally ill improved dramatically, as protectional therapy expanded to [[w:insulin_shock_therapy|insulin shock therapy]] and [[w:Electroconvulsive_therapy|cardiazol convulsive therapy]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Kathriarachchi|first=Samudra T.|last2=Seneviratne|first2=V. Lakmi|last3=Amarakoon|first3=Luckshika|date=2019-06|title=Development of Mental Health Care in Sri Lanka: Lessons Learned|url=https://journals.lww.com/tpsy/fulltext/2019/33020/development_of_mental_health_care_in_sri_lanka_.1.aspx|journal=Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry|language=en-US|volume=33|issue=2|pages=55|doi=10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_15_19|issn=1028-3684}}</ref>. Mapother's advocation for the decentralization of services were further honored through the 1947 establishment of a first child guidance clinic in Colombo General Hospital<ref name=":0" />. In 1948, British Ceylon was granted independence from the British after the [[w:Sri_Lankan_independence_movement|Sri Lankan independence movement]]. Changes in the mental healthcare structure were not immediate following independence, but rapid expensions of mental healthcare services were still ongoing. The following decades saw positive institutional developments, such as the creation of a second hospital in [[w:Mulleriyawa|Mulleriyawa]] in 1957, and the creation of a psychiatric inpatient unit in Colombo General Hospital in 1967—effectively granting the city of Colombo the luxury of hosting the top psychiatric care in the country<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4899-7999-5_4|title=Mental Health System Development in Sri Lanka|last=Minas|first=Harry|last2=Mendis|first2=Jayan|last3=Hall|first3=Teresa|date=2017|publisher=Springer US|isbn=978-1-4899-7997-1|editor-last=Minas|editor-first=Harry|location=Boston, MA|pages=59–77|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-4899-7999-5_4|editor-last2=Lewis|editor-first2=Milton}}</ref>. The 1950s was also the start of psychopharmacological innovations, with the introduction of [[w:Lithium_(medication)|lithium]] and long-acting injectable antipsychotics ([[w:Depot_injection|depot]] [[w:Antipsychotic|neuroleptics]]) in the succeeding years<ref name=":4" />. Additionally, the number of public psychiatrist positions increased by 400% from 1953 to 1967<ref name=":5" />. After 1960, mental health services began to disperse from the capital of Colombo to other cities in the country<ref name=":2" />. In 1980, the [[w:Postgraduate_Institute_of_Medicine|Postgraduate Institute of Medicine]] began a program where students would enroll in a 5-year medical course and attain an MD in psychiatry, curbing the need for Sri Lankan medical students to be sent abroad to complete their training. Many of the medical students sent abroad for training never returned to Sri Lanka to practice, resulting in a "1:500,000 to 1000,000" ratio of psychiatrists to patients on "most occasions"<ref name=":0" />. === Mental Disease Ordinance of 1956 === In 1956, the 1873 Ordinance was revised a second time and renamed the "Mental Disease Ordinance of 1956"<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Hapangama|first=Aruni|last2=Mendis|first2=Jayan|last3=Kuruppuarachchi|first3=K. a. L. A.|date=2023-02|title=Why are we still living in the past? Sri Lanka needs urgent and timely reforms of its archaic mental health laws|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-international/article/why-are-we-still-living-in-the-past-sri-lanka-needs-urgent-and-timely-reforms-of-its-archaic-mental-health-laws/B18B03DC962CC6F09BC6D7877E390EE4|journal=BJPsych International|language=en|volume=20|issue=1|pages=4–6|doi=10.1192/bji.2022.26|issn=2056-4740|pmc=9909436|pmid=36812028}}</ref>. Another linguistic development is seen with the new revision as "lunancy" was replaced with "mental disease"<ref name=":6" />. The Ordinance paved the way for community-based services to be delivered to patients closer to their residences rather than solely allocating services to just hospitals. This led to the creation of a [[w:WHO|WHO]]-backed community clinic near the [[w:University_of_Colombo|University of Colombo]] in the 1970s, where the focus was to eventually ease patients in the Angoda Mental Hospital back into the general population<ref name=":5" />. === Developments from the 1990s === The 1990s and onwards saw further positive developments in framing the mental healthcare system, including the establishment of the [https://mentalhealth.health.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=featured&Itemid=101&lang=en Directorate of Mental Health] in 1998. The Directorate of Mental Health is a part of the [[w:Ministry_of_Health_(Sri_Lanka)|Ministry of Health]] who is responsible for the monitoring and implementation of mental health programs across the country<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mentalhealth.health.gov.lk/index.php?lang=en|title=Home - Directorate of Mental Health|website=mentalhealth.health.gov.lk|access-date=2025-05-12}}</ref>. As of 2025, the current director of the Directorate of Mental Health is Dr. Chithramalee de Silva<ref name=":2" />. On November 11, 2005, the Mental Health Policy was approved by the Government of Sri Lanka, advocating for establishments of more de-centralized, community-based mental health services across the country beyond the capital (Colombo). The policy aimed to concisely define the rigorous standards needed to be completed for each respected medical professional, including psychiatrists and clinical psychologists<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rajapakshe|first=Onali Bimalka Wickramaseckara|last2=Mohan|first2=Mohapradeep|last3=Singh|first3=Swaran Preet|date=2023-05|title=Development of adolescent mental health services in Sri Lanka|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10895478/|journal=BJPsych international|volume=20|issue=2|pages=41–43|doi=10.1192/bji.2022.32|issn=2056-4740|pmc=10895478|pmid=38414998}}</ref>. The policy also included a new position, the "Medical Officer of Mental Health", who oversees and assists in the implementation of community-based mental health services<ref name=":0" />. This same year, the Sri Lankan government began implementing psychological services in state institutions, such as the military<ref name=":8" />. In 2007, the National Mental Health Advisory Council (NMHAC) was created to serve as an 'advisory' board for the Ministry of Health on what actions should be executed by the Directorate of Mental Health<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://mentalhealth.health.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=220&lang=en|title=Introduction - Directorate of Mental Health|website=mentalhealth.health.gov.lk|access-date=2025-05-12}}</ref>. In 2008, the Angoda Mental Hospital was restructured as the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)<ref name=":7" />. === Modern-day Sri Lanka === [[File:Feeding Children in Sri Lanka.jpg|left|thumb|Despite the noteworthy improvements in mental healthcare services in recent decades, mental health remains a significant issue due to rising poverty. ]] As of 2025, the Mental Health Act (mental health legislation) has been undergoing development since 2005 and is currently awaiting to be considered for the final stage of approval. This is expected to replace the 1956 Mental Health Ordinance<ref name=":7" />. Currently, there are 7 tertiary care hospitals, 61 adult patient units, 3 child inpatient units, and 1 forensic unit. The [[w:Lady_Ridgeway_Hospital_for_Children|Lady Ridgeway Hospital]] in Colombo and the Sirimavo Bandaranayke Specialized Children Hospital in Kandy are tailored towards alleviating children with [[w:Learning_disability|SLD]], [[w:ADHD|ADHD]], [[w:Autism_Spectrum_Disorder|ASD]] and family support for diagnosed children. As of 2017, 22 rehabilitation centers exist through the country, including 7 alcohol rehab centers<ref name=":7" />. Despite the impressive advancements in mental healthcare in the last couple of decades, Sri Lanka still suffers significant mental health issues due to increasing poverty levels in the country. The [[w:World_Bank|World Bank]] reported that [https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2024/04/08/eesc-a08.html the poverty levels in Sri Lanka increased from 11% in 2019 to 26% in 2024], with 60% of Sri Lankan households facing "decreased incomes"<ref>Lakhtakia, Shruti, Atapattu Mudiyanselage, Udahiruni Shashadari Atapat, Walker, Richard Ancrum. ''Sri Lanka Development Update - Bridge to Recovery (English).'' Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. <nowiki>http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099634104012434919</nowiki></ref>. This was churned by Sri Lanka's excessive foreign debt, economic troubles stemming from [[w:Gotabaya_Rajapaksa|Gotabaya Rajapaksa]]'s presidential term, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the [[w:Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine|ongoing invasion of Ukraine by Russia (2022)]]. According to [[w:NYU|New York University]] graduate student [https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/NadiaAugustyniak Nadia Augustyniak] in her 2025 overview of Sri Lanka's public mental healthcare system, poverty-induced financial precarity remains a major obstacle to receiving access to mental healthcare services. Even though trauma from adverse weather and conflict is deleterious to mental health, issues originating from every-day struggles, especially struggles related to poverty, could arguably play a more significant role<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Augustyniak|first=Nadia|date=2025-06-01|title=Public mental healthcare and economic vulnerability in Sri Lanka|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666560324000926|journal=SSM - Mental Health|volume=7|pages=100387|doi=10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100387|issn=2666-5603}}</ref>. == Impact of Conflict & Disaster == === Sri Lankan Civil War === The '''Sri Lankan Civil War''' was a domestic conflict that took place between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (abbreviated as the ''LTTE),'' a Tamil militant group formed in the 1970s as a result of rising tensions between the majority Sinhalese and minority Tamil population. The group is considered a terrorist organization<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.start.umd.edu/baad/database/liberation-tigers-tamil-eelam-ltte-1998.html|title=BAAD - Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) - 1998 {{!}} START.umd.edu|website=www.start.umd.edu|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/liberation-tigers-tamil-eelam-aka-tamil-tigers-sri-lanka-separatists|title=Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (aka Tamil Tigers) (Sri Lanka, separatists) {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations|last=Bhattacharji|first=Preeti|website=www.cfr.org|language=en|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref>. Through brutal massacres, assassinations, and suicide bombings, the LTTE waged decades of terror which led to civilian displacement, infrastructure collapse, and the reduction of mental health services available in the northern region. [The conflict claimed the lives of over 70,000 civilians, though this number is heavily disputed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecchr.eu/en/case/sri-lankan-civil-war-government-officials-still-unpunished/|title=ECCHR: Sri Lankan civil war: Government officials still unpunished|website=www.ecchr.eu|language=en|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hrdag.org/srilanka/|title=HRDAG - Human Rights Data Analysis Group|website=HRDAG - Human Rights Data Analysis Group|language=en-US|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref>. = ]? The civil war mainly affected the northeastern portion of the country, including the [[w:Vanni_(Sri_Lanka)|Vanni region]], causing mass destruction of mental healthcare facilities. Local residents described the conflict that encompassed the region towards the end of the war with the phrase ''varthayal varnicca mudiyathavai'', translating into English as roughly 'beyond description by words'<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Somasundaram|first=Daya|date=2010-07-28|title=Collective trauma in the Vanni- a qualitative inquiry into the mental health of the internally displaced due to the civil war in Sri Lanka|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-4-22|journal=International Journal of Mental Health Systems|language=en|volume=4|issue=1|pages=22|doi=10.1186/1752-4458-4-22|issn=1752-4458|pmc=2923106|pmid=20667090}}</ref>. In 2003, only two psychiatrists were found in the region, operating on extremely limited resources and further deepening long-term trauma and mental health deterioration in the population<ref name=":5" />. In 2002, the humanitarian organization [https://www.msf.org/ Médecins Sans Frontières] performed an investigation of mental health needs in the [[w:Vavuniya|Vavuniya]] area (which was the site of intense conflict during the war, including the [[w:1985_Vavuniya_massacre|1985 Vavuniya massacre]]) and found that many of the residents suffered from high suicide rates, alcohol abuse, domestic violence, grief, and a "sense of ‘learnt helplessness’"<ref name=":5" />. A team from the University of Konstanz in Germany found that 92% of grade school children were exposed to "combat, shelling, and witnessing the death of loved ones"<ref name=":9" />. [tie MSF to long-term psychiatric gaps]. [[w:War_crimes_during_the_final_stages_of_the_Sri_Lankan_civil_war|Extensive war crimes committed by the Sri Lankan government]] are not a mystery to be unraveled and are generally known to the public, despite the government attempting to surpress any [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_p1TfTguW0 mentions] or [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vtm54Y9USEg investigations] of it<ref>See also [[w:Sexual violence in the Sri Lankan civil war]].</ref>. A 2009 HRW report stated that the Sri Lankan government assumed native Tamil population residing in war zones to be "siding with the LTTE and [therefore, were] treated as combatants", leading to indiscriminate shellings and massacres of civilians<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2009-02-19|title=War on the Displaced|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/02/19/war-displaced/sri-lankan-army-and-ltte-abuses-against-civilians-vanni|journal=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}</ref>. Alongside the heinous atrocities committed by the Sri Lankan military, the Vanni population also endured the brutal theatrics of the LTTE, which recruited men, women, and even children with minimal training, effectively rendering them cannon fodder. === 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami === == Present-Day Challenges & Stigmas == === Treatment === ==== Ayurveda medicine ==== === Stigmas === == Suicide Trends & Risk Factors == == Future Outlook == === Future outlook === ==== Criticism of the Mental Disease Ordinance of 1956 ==== <ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dey|first=Sangeeta|last2=Mellsop|first2=Graham|last3=Diesfeld|first3=Kate|last4=Dharmawardene|first4=Vajira|last5=Mendis|first5=Susitha|last6=Chaudhuri|first6=Sreemanti|last7=Deb|first7=Aniruddha|last8=Huq|first8=Nafisa|last9=Ahmed|first9=Helal Uddin|date=2019-10-24|title=Comparing legislation for involuntary admission and treatment of mental illness in four South Asian countries|url=https://ijmhs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13033-019-0322-7|journal=International Journal of Mental Health Systems|volume=13|issue=1|pages=67|doi=10.1186/s13033-019-0322-7|issn=1752-4458|pmc=6813093|pmid=31666805}}</ref> ==== Expansion of services for women facing domestic violence ==== <ref name=":8" /> (last paragraph before 4.2; see discussion + conclusion as well) == Conclusion == ==Additional information== ===Acknowledgements=== Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank. ===Competing interests=== No competing interests. ===Ethics statement=== An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section. ==References== {{reflist|35em}} 3t04r397yftcrj6e677kcjqdv8kksfu 0 321840 2720013 2717805 2025-06-29T15:00:27Z Lbeaumont 278565 /* Inhibiting Curiosity—Shrinking the Curiosity Zone */ Linked to ideology curtails curiosity 2720013 wikitext text/x-wiki —Wondering why {{TOC right | limit|limit=2}} [[File:Curiosity arises from information gaps.png|thumb|Curiosity arises from information gaps.]] == Introduction == [[w:Curiosity|Curiosity]] is the impulse to seek out new information, experiences, and perspectives. It is the driving force behind exploration, innovation, and learning. Unlike [[w:Ideology|ideology]], which often seeks to confirm pre-existing beliefs, curiosity is about questioning assumptions, seeking out the unknown, and embracing uncertainty. When individuals approach the world with curiosity, they are more likely to encounter ideas that challenge their ideological frameworks, leading to personal growth and a broader understanding of the world. == Objectives == The objectives of this course are to help students: * Understand the nature of curiosity; * Recognize the value and dangers of curiosity; * Increase the curiosity of themselves and others; * Focus curiosity on solving important problems; * Replace unfounded fears with curiosity; and * Overcome ideology, dogma, fear, and bigotry. This is a course in the [[Unleashing Creativity/possibilities curriculum|''possibilities'' curriculum]], part of the [[Wisdom/Curriculum|Applied Wisdom Curriculum]]. == Importance == [[w:Curiosity|Curiosity]], an innate human trait, drives our desire to understand the world around us.<ref>[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] contributed to this text responding to the prompt: “Write an essay entitled: ‘Curiosity is the engine of learning’”.</ref> Curiosity is our response to wanting to know. From the earliest stages of life, we are compelled to explore, ask questions, and seek answers. This [[w:Motivation#Intrinsic_and_extrinsic|intrinsic motivation]] to learn is a powerful engine that fuels personal and societal growth. The phrase "[[/Curiosity is the Engine of Learning/|curiosity is the engine of learning]]" encapsulates the essential role curiosity plays in driving education, innovation, and the advancement of knowledge. Innovation thrives on curiosity. The most significant scientific breakthroughs and [[w:Timeline_of_historic_inventions|technological advancements]] have often been the result of individuals who dared to ask unconventional questions and challenge existing paradigms. Curiosity leads to experimentation, allowing for trial and error, which is essential for creative [[Solving Problems|problem-solving]]. By fostering a curious mindset, individuals and organizations can adapt to changing circumstances, discover novel solutions, and drive progress. On a personal level, curiosity enriches our lives by opening doors to new experiences and perspectives. It encourages us to step out of our comfort zones and explore unfamiliar territories. This can lead to a greater appreciation of diversity, enhanced [[Solving Problems|problem-solving]] skills, and a more profound understanding of ourselves and others. Curiosity-driven exploration can also promote mental well-being by keeping our minds active and engaged. == Characterizing Curiosity == [[File:Kométa C-2020 F3 (NEOWISE).jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Humans explore the unknown.]] [[w:Curiosity|Curiosity]] is a trait associated with inquisitive thinking, encompassing activities like exploration, investigation, and learning, observed in both humans and other animals. It propels human development by motivating the pursuit of knowledge and the acquisition of skills. Curiosity can also refer to the behavior, characteristic, or emotion of being curious, reflecting the desire to gain knowledge or information. As both a behavior and an emotion, curiosity drives human progress in various fields, including science, language, industry, and exploration. Synonyms for curiosity include inquisitiveness, interest, eagerness, intrigue, wonder, inquiring mind, nosiness, prying, thirst for knowledge, fascination, attention, quest for knowledge, searching, and [[w:Open-mindedness|open-mindedness]]. Conversely, several terms describe a lack of curiosity. These include incurious, indifferent, apathetic, uninterested, uninquisitive, detached, disinterested, unconcerned, aloof, nonchalant, and unresponsive. === Varieties of Curiosity === Curiosity can be categorized into three primary types: ''diversive'', ''epistemic'', and ''empathic'' curiosity. A similar, but not identical, classification of curiosity seekers identifies the ''hunter'', ''busybody'', and ''dancer'' curiosity styles.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Zhou|first=Dale|last2=Patankar|first2=Shubhankar|last3=Lydon-Staley|first3=David M.|last4=Zurn|first4=Perry|last5=Gerlach|first5=Martin|last6=Bassett|first6=Dani S.|date=2024-10-25|title=Architectural styles of curiosity in global Wikipedia mobile app readership|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adn3268|journal=Science Advances|volume=10|issue=43|pages=eadn3268|doi=10.1126/sciadv.adn3268|pmc=11506172|pmid=39454011}}</ref> Diversive curiosity is characterized by a natural attraction to everything novel.<ref>{{cite book|title=Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends On It|last=Leslie|first=Ian|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0465097623|pages=256}} @7 of 63</ref> This type of curiosity is unfocused and driven by feelings of boredom or a desire for a variety of stimuli, prompting animals and humans to "seek stimulation regardless of source or content."<ref>[http://drjlitman.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Litman-Spielberger-2003.pdf Measuring Epistemic Curiosity and Its Diversive and Specific Components], Jordan A. Litman Department of Psychology University of South Florida, Charles D. Spielberger, Center for Research in Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology University of South Florida Journal of personality assessment, 80(1), 75–86</ref> Diversive curiosity represents a form of unrestrained curiosity—a form of exploratory behavior. Think ''shotgun''. This is typical of the ''busybody'' curiosity seeker. In contrast, epistemic curiosity, which is an appetite for knowledge, drives us to ask “why?” to gain a deeper understanding of events or conditions. This curiosity style involves specific exploratory behaviors aimed at accessing information-bearing stimuli that can resolve uncertainties and contribute to knowledge acquisition. It is akin to a scientist’s relentless pursuit of a solution to a specific problem. Epistemic curiosity seeks to [[Exploring Worldviews/Aligning worldviews|align our worldview with reality]]. This requires significant cognitive effort and sustained focus<ref>{{cite book|title=Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends On It|last=Leslie|first=Ian|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0465097623|pages=256}} ''Curious'' @43 of 303</ref>, like the laser-like focus of a hunter’s curiosity seeking. Lastly, empathic curiosity is a genuine interest in understanding the thoughts and feelings of others. This form of curiosity goes beyond superficial interest, such as gossip or nosiness, and involves a deeper, more sincere desire to understand what it is like to be another person.<ref>{{cite book|title=Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends On It|last=Leslie|first=Ian|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0465097623|pages=256}} @43 of 303</ref> Think ''caring''. == State and Trait Curiosity == Curiosity arises both as a long lasing [[w:Trait_theory|personality trait]], and as shorter-lived mental states. [[w:Openness_to_experience|Openness to experience]] is the personality trait most closely related to curiosity. Openness involves six facets, or dimensions: active imagination (fantasy), aesthetic sensitivity, attentiveness to feelings, preference for variety (adventurousness), intellectual curiosity, and challenging authority (psychological liberalism). Conditions that promote curiosity and others that inhibit curiosity are [[Fostering Curiosity#Promoting Curiosity—Expanding Curiosity Zones|described below]]. These contribute to transient ''states'' of higher or lower levels of curiosity. === Assignment: === # Work to adopt a [[Finding Common Ground#The Scout Mindset|scout mindset]]. # Study the [[Sustaining Agency#Internal vs. External Locus of Control|Internal vs. External Locus of Control]] section of the Wikiversity course on [[Sustaining Agency]]. # Read this essay on [[Understanding Misbelief/Toward a Growth Mindset|transitioning toward a growth mindset]]. # Take steps toward attaining a growth mindset. == Wise Limits == “[[/Unfettered Curiosity Is Wonderful; Unchanneled Curiosity Is Not/|Unfettered curiosity is wonderful; unchanneled curiosity is not]]”.<ref>{{cite book|title=Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends On It|last=Leslie|first=Ian|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0465097623|pages=256}} @25 of 303</ref> Curiosity is one of humanity's most powerful and defining traits.  It drives us to explore the unknown, seek new knowledge, and push the boundaries of what we understand. When curiosity is ''unfettered'', it can lead to remarkable discoveries, innovations, and personal growth. However, when curiosity is ''unchanneled''—lacking direction, focus, or ethical consideration—it can lead to confusion, distraction, and even harm. People who are adhering to various social considerations voluntarily limit the full range of curiosity. These limits include what you choose not to know, respecting privacy, ethical considerations, and unwarranted [[w:Insubordination|insubordination]].   Curiosity, by its nature, is disruptive. It compels people to question, to explore, and to challenge. While this can lead to growth and enlightenment, it can also lead to division when the questions raised, or the answers found, conflict with the prevailing views of a society. We can become [[/Divided by Curiosity/|divided by curiosity]]. === What you choose not to know === You might be advised: “[[/If you can’t live with the answer, don’t ask the question/|If you can’t live with the answer, don’t ask the question]]” when you become curious about information that might be distressing or difficult to handle. Balance your curiosity and desire for [[candor]] with your readiness to assimilate distressing information. [[w:Curiosity#Morbid_curiosity|Morbid curiosity]] is focused on death, violence, or any other event that may cause harm physically or emotionally. It typically is described as having an [[w:Addiction|addictive]] quality, associated with a need to understand or make sense of topics that surround harm, violence, or death. Interest in human curiosity about difficult circumstances dates back to [[w:Aristotle|Aristotle]] in his [[w:Poetics_(Aristotle)|Poetics]], in which he noted, "We enjoy and admire paintings of objects that in themselves would annoy or disgust us."<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pFYlIO671Z0C&pg=PA15|title=Poetics|last=Aristotle|date=2013-01-10|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-163580-9|language=en}}</ref> In a 2017 paper, psychologist Suzanne Oosterwijk, concluded that people choose to see graphic images even when presented the option to avoid them and look at them for a longer period of time than neutral or positive images.<ref>Choosing the negative: A behavioral demonstration of morbid curiosity, Suzanne Oosterwijk, PLoS ONE 12(7): e0178399. <nowiki>https://doi</nowiki>. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178399. </ref>^,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Oosterwijk|first=Suzanne|last2=Snoek|first2=Lukas|last3=Tekoppele|first3=Jurriaan|last4=Engelbert|first4=Lara H.|last5=Scholte|first5=H. Steven|date=2020-09-17|title=Choosing to view morbid information involves reward circuitry|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-71662-y|journal=Scientific Reports|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=15291|doi=10.1038/s41598-020-71662-y|issn=2045-2322|pmc=7499173|pmid=32943668}}</ref> You may also choose not to explore certain topics to limit liability or to reduce [[w:Disgust|disgust]], [[w:Anguish|anguish]], challenges to [[w:Motivated_reasoning|deeply held beliefs]], or betrayal. === Intrusions === Being nosey by intruding on the privacy of others is impolite. [[w:Voyeurism|Voyeurism]]—watching other people engaged in intimate behaviors—is considered anti-social behavior and may be criminal behavior in some jurisdictions. === Ethical Considerations === It is wise to use well-chosen [[Moral Reasoning|moral reasoning]] to guide curiosity toward the good. It some cases it may be wise to avoid intruding into sensitive areas and to [[Understanding Misbelief/Look but Don’t Touch|look but don’t touch]]! Several excesses have caused unwarranted human suffering, as described in the following examples. The [[w:Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study|Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis]] in the Negro Male was a study conducted between 1932 and 1972 by the United States Public Health Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on a group of nearly 400 African American men with syphilis. The purpose of the study was to observe the effects of the disease when untreated, though by the end of the study medical advancements meant it was entirely treatable. The men were not informed of the nature of the experiment, and more than 100 died as a result. [[w:Nazi_human_experimentation|Nazi human experimentation]] was a series of medical experiments on prisoners by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps mainly between 1942 and 1945. There were 15,754 documented victims, of various nationalities and age groups, although the true number is believed to be more extensive. Many survived, with a quarter of documented victims being killed. Survivors generally experienced severe permanent injuries. [[w:Institutional_review_board|An institutional review board]] (IRB), is a committee at an institution that applies research ethics by reviewing the methods proposed for research involving human subjects, to ensure that the projects are ethical. The main goal of IRB reviews is to ensure that study participants are not harmed (or that harms are minimal and outweighed by research benefits).   === Insubordination === The quotation “[[/Curiosity is Insubordination in Its Purest Form/|Curiosity is Insubordination in Its Purest Form]],” attributed to philosopher [[w:Vladimir_Nabokov|Vladimir Nabokov]], captures the essence of how curiosity often challenges authority, norms, and established systems. Curiosity, by its nature, questions the status quo, seeks out new knowledge, and refuses to accept things as they are simply because they have always been that way. In this sense, curiosity is a form of intellectual [[w:Insubordination|insubordination]]—it defies the limits set by tradition, convention, and power. Curiosity serves as a catalyst for change, rebellion, and innovation, providing examples from history, science, and culture. Be aware of when you are challenging authority, questioning deeply held beliefs, and violating long-standing norms. Plan carefully and anticipate the various forms of backlash that may arise. ==== Assignment ==== # Read the history of Ignaz Semmelweis and his [[w:Ignaz_Semmelweis#Work_on_cause_of_child_bed_fever_mortality|work on cause of child bed fever mortality]]. # In what ways was his curiosity helpful? # In what ways was it harmful? == Information Gaps and the Curiosity Zone == [[File:Curiosity is an information gap.jpg|thumb|Curiosity arises from an information gap]] Curiosity begins not with a question, but with a gap—a quiet dissonance between what we know and what we sense is missing. [[w:George_Loewenstein|George Loewenstein]], a behavioral economist with a nose for such tensions, once called this the “information gap.” It’s a simple idea, really, but like many truths, it hides in plain sight. You’re not curious about what you know nothing of. Curiosity needs a foothold. [[/Curiosity Arises from Information Gaps/|Curiosity arises from information gaps]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends On It|last=Leslie|first=Ian|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0465097623|pages=256}} Chapter 3.</ref> as illustrated on the right. You might picture it like this: a child watches a wrapped box on a table. She knows only that it rattles when shaken, and that someone grins when she asks about it. Her mind begins to roam. ''What’s in the box?'' That’s curiosity in its purest form—the child aware, not just of a mystery, but of her own not-knowing. Loewenstein’s idea explains more than children and giftwrap. It explains why the more you learn about astronomy, the more you want to know why the sun rises. Why someone reading the first page of a mystery novel flips to the second. Why a scientist pores over a data set at midnight. The better we understand a topic, the clearer the missing pieces become. Knowledge doesn’t close the case—it cracks it open. That shift, from focusing on what we ''do'' know to realizing what we ''don’t'', is where curiosity catches fire. At first, when we know very little, we grasp at what’s available. But as we learn more, our questions sharpen. The known casts light on the unknown. We begin to notice the contours of our ignorance. Curiosity doesn’t spring from ignorance alone—it needs awareness. As Loewenstein saw it, you can’t long for what you can’t conceive. [[w:Marcel_Proust|Marcel Proust]] said as much when he described a character who lacked even “the tiny, initial clue”<ref>In the novel ''[[w:In_Search_of_Lost_Time|Swann’s Way]]'', Marcel Proust describes the protagonist as lacking “even the tiny, initial clue which, by allowing us to imagine what we do not know, stimulates a desire for knowledge”.</ref> that might help him imagine what he didn’t know. Without that, there is no hunger. No ache to understand. Just the flat silence of indifference. But give someone a puzzle, a riddle, a knock at the door with no name—what [[w:Daniel_Berlyne|Daniel Berlyne]] once called a “thematic probe”—and watch their mind turn toward the missing.<ref>[https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/gl20/GeorgeLoewenstein/Papers_files/pdf/PsychofCuriosity.pdf The Psychology of Curiosity]: A review and Reinterpretation. P 91</ref> Or string together a series of events with no resolution: an unfinished story, an election too close to call, a secret held just out of reach. These are the engines of curiosity. They don’t just suggest a gap. They demand it be closed. And so we lean in, asking questions not because we enjoy the emptiness, but because we believe something waits on the other side. [[File:The curiosity zone.jpg|thumb|Our curiosity is limited only by our imagination and what we choose not to know.]] Our curiosity is limited only by our imagination and what we choose not to know. What we want to know can be as vast as the universe of all that can be know. However, there is information that we choose not to know for various reasons, including fear, apathy, certainty, trivia, unawareness, and other [[Fostering Curiosity#Wise Limits|wise limits]] to our curiosity. The curiosity zone is further limited by what we do know and what we think we know (whether or not [[Understanding Misbelief|what we think we know is accurate]]). The gap then can be represented by a curiosity zone, shown here on the right. [[File:Peak Curiosity.jpg|thumb|Curiosity peaks when our knowledge is incomplete.]] Mysteries provoke curiosity because they expose an information gap and motivate you to know more. Mysteries are open-ended and multi-layered, provoking our curiosity and imagination in ways that puzzles cannot. [[Fostering Curiosity/Mysteries Are More Intriguing Than Puzzles|Mysteries are more intriguing than puzzles]]. Puzzles tend to be ''how many'' or ''where'' questions; mysteries are more likely to be ''why'' or ''how''.”<ref>{{cite book|title=Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends On It|last=Leslie|first=Ian|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0465097623|pages=256}} @87 of 303</ref> Mysteries are more alluring because they are more complex and we learn better when we find learning difficult. The harder we think, the better we remember.<ref>{{cite book|title=Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends On It|last=Leslie|first=Ian|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0465097623|pages=256}} @19 of 55</ref> === Assignment === # Read the essay [[Fostering Curiosity/Curiosity Arises from Information Gaps|Curiosity Arises from Information Gaps]] # Browse this list of [[/Information Gap Examples/|Information Gap Examples]]. # Enjoy exploring important information gaps. === Promoting Curiosity—Expanding Curiosity Zones === We can take various actions to stimulate curiosity and expand curiosity zones. ==== As developing children ==== Human infants are born with a curiosity potential unique to our species. Children influence and direct their own learning path. Infants respond to their environment, including physical objects they can observe and explore, and especially to the responses they elicit from adult caregivers. Studies find that the more actively a baby explores their environment, the more likely it is they will become academically successful adolescents.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bornstein|first=Marc H.|last2=Hahn|first2=Chun-Shin|last3=Suwalsky|first3=Joan T. D.|date=2013-10|title=Physically developed and exploratory young infants contribute to their own long-term academic achievement|url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4151610/|journal=Psychological Science|volume=24|issue=10|pages=1906–1917|doi=10.1177/0956797613479974|issn=1467-9280|pmc=4151610|pmid=23964000}}</ref> Children use pointing gestures to indicate what captures their interest or to request that a nearby caregiver explain what they are pointing to. They might also [[w:Babbling|babble]] to draw attention. When a caregiver responds attentively and consistently, the child is encouraged to continue exploring, asking questions, and learning. If the caregiver does not respond, the child's interest fades. Curiosity functions as a [[w:Feedback|feedback loop]]. Rewarding curiosity strengthens curiosity. When a child's inquiries are met with helpful responses from a caregiver, the exploration and questioning persist and often intensify. However, if the child is ignored, discouraged, or provided with meaningless answers, their curiosity diminishes.<ref>{{cite book|title=Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends On It|last=Leslie|first=Ian|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0465097623|pages=256}} Chapter 2.</ref> As children grow older, typically between the ages of two and five, their questions become more complex. While younger children often ask ''what'' and ''where'' questions to gather descriptions, older children start to seek a deeper understanding of how the world works. They become more interested in [[/A Description is Not an Explanation/|explanations rather than just descriptions]] and begin to ask ''how''and ''why'' questions. ==== Throughout Life ==== The various attitudes, motivations, or conditions described below promote curiosity and expand the curiosity zone.<ref>ChatGPT contributed text to this section.</ref> ==== Attitudes that Foster Curiosity ==== These are enduring mindsets or dispositions that support the development and expansion of curiosity. # '''Humility''' #* [[w:Intellectual_humility|Humility]] involves recognizing the limits of one's knowledge and being open to new information and perspectives. This openness encourages a continual search for understanding and growth. #* [[Virtues/Humility|Humility]] is the antidote to grievance.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Age of Grievance|last=Bruni|first=Frank|date=April 30, 2024|publisher=Avid Reader Press|isbn=978-1668016435|pages=288|author-link=w:Frank_Bruni}} Last chapter.</ref> # '''Open-Mindedness''' #* [[w:Suspension_of_judgment|Suspending judgement]] involves withholding immediate conclusions and remaining [[w:Open-mindedness|open-minded]]. This openness allows for a fuller exploration of ideas and encourages curiosity. #* [[w:Doubt|Doubt]]: challenges existing beliefs and assumptions, prompting individuals to question and explore alternative explanations and viewpoints. # '''Openness to Experience''' #* Being [[w:Openness_to_experience|open to new experiences]] means embracing novel ideas, sensations, and activities. This openness fuels curiosity by exposing individuals to diverse perspectives and opportunities for learning. # '''Discontentment with the Status Quo''' #* Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.roxinekee.com/blog/stay-hungry-stay-foolish|title=“Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish”: Steve Jobs 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech (Transcript & Audio)|website=Roxine Kee|language=en-US|access-date=2025-05-16}}</ref> Embracing a mindset of continual dissatisfaction with the [[w:Status_quo|status quo]] and a willingness to take risks keeps curiosity alive and drives the pursuit of new knowledge and experiences. #* [[Sustaining Agency|Sustain Agency:]] Continue your investigations. ==== Cognitive Motivators and Drives ==== These are intrinsic mental drivers that propel individuals toward learning and understanding. # '''Need for Cognition''' #* The [[w:Need_for_cognition|need for cognition]] refers to a desire to engage in and enjoy thinking deeply. Individuals with a high need for cognition are naturally curious, seeking out complex problems and intellectual challenges. # '''Perceived Information Gaps''' #* Identifying gaps in one's knowledge can spark curiosity, motivating an individual to seek out the missing information. These gaps highlight areas ripe for exploration and discovery. # '''Desire for Deep Understanding''' #* Aiming for a deep [[w:Understanding|understanding]] rather than superficial knowledge encourages persistent curiosity and a desire to uncover the fundamental principles of a subject. # '''Wonder and Inquiry—'''A [[Cherishing awe|sense of amazement]] that leads to investigation and questioning. #* Investigation: A sense of wonder drives the desire to investigate the unknown, leading to deeper inquiries and a greater understanding of the world. #* Exposing Disinformation: [[/Curiosity Exposes Disinformation/|Curiosity exposes disinformation]]. It drives us to question the information we encounter, seek out the truth, and expose falsehoods. #* Asking Questions: [[Knowing Someone/Asking Better Questions|Asking questions]] is a fundamental aspect of curiosity, driving the search for knowledge and understanding #*** Open Questions: [[w:Open-ended_question|Open questions]] encourage expansive thinking and exploration, rather than simple yes or no answers. #*** Sincere Interest: Genuine interest in the answers to questions fosters deeper engagement and curiosity. #*** Asking Why: Asking "[[w:Five_whys|why]]" delves into the underlying reasons and mechanisms, promoting a thorough understanding of a subject. #*** Ask “And then what?”: Stay curious and wonder what comes next. #*** What are we not looking for? Consider using the [[Thinking Tools/Phoenix Checklist|phoenix checklis]]<nowiki/>t to expand the scope of your inquiry. #* Leaning Into Anomalies: **** [[/Curious People Investigate Anomalies/|Curious People Investigate Anomalies]]. **** Notice, identify, investigate, and seek to explain misfits—loose ends or a [[Toward congruence|lack of congruence]] in some system. **** Recognize that [[Fostering Curiosity/A Description is Not an Explanation|a description is not an explanation]]. **** “The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not ‘Eureka!’ (I found it!) but ‘That’s funny …’”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://quoteinvestigator.com/2015/03/02/eureka-funny/|title=Quote Origin: The Most Exciting Phrase in Science Is Not ‘Eureka!’ But ‘That’s Funny’ – Quote Investigator®|date=2015-03-02|language=en-US|access-date=2025-05-16}}</ref> ==== Experiential and Social Conditions ==== These are external or situational conditions that support curiosity through interaction or engagement. # '''Play and Exploration''' #* Experimentation: [[Playing|Playful]] experimentation allows for trial and error, fostering a safe environment to explore new ideas without fear of failure. #* Serendipity: [[w:Serendipity|Serendipitous]] discoveries often arise during playful exploration, leading to unexpected insights and new knowledge. Stay alert for new insights wherever they may arise. #* Unstructured Play: Unstructured play and [[w:Improvisation|improvisation]] provide the freedom to explore without predefined rules or goals, nurturing a natural sense of curiosity and creativity. # [[w:Complexity|'''Complexity''']] '''and Interconnectedness''' # '''Subtlety:''' Recognizing subtle differences and nuances fosters a deeper exploration and appreciation of complexity. #* Nuance: Understanding nuanced aspects of a topic requires careful consideration and fuels curiosity. #* Interconnections: Exploring the [[Global Perspective#Interdependence|interconnections]] between different concepts or phenomena enhances understanding and sparks curiosity. #* Relationships: Investigating the relationships between elements within a system can reveal intricate patterns and promote curiosity. # '''Lifelong Learning''' #* A commitment to [[w:Lifelong_learning|lifelong learning]] cultivates a continual sense of curiosity, encouraging individuals to seek out new knowledge and skills. # '''Dialogue and Social Exchange''' #* Engaging in [[Practicing Dialogue|dialogue]] with others exposes individuals to different perspectives and ideas, stimulating curiosity and collaborative learning. #* [[Socratic Methods|Socratic methods]] can lead to new insights. #'''Mysteries and Challenges'''—Mysteries prompt inquiry, motivating individuals to ask questions and seek out answers. #*Puzzles: [[w:Puzzle|Puzzles]] present challenges that require [[Solving Problems|problem-solving]] and critical thinking, engaging curiosity. #*Observation: Careful observation reveals details and patterns that can spark curiosity and lead to new discoveries. === Assignment === # Use the above suggestions to enjoy promoting curiosity in your life. #Study this [[/Curiosity Gap Toolkit/|curiosity gap toolkit]]. #Apply these techniques appropriately to spark engagement, critical thinking, and inquiry-based learning. === Inhibiting Curiosity—Shrinking the Curiosity Zone === The following conditions inhibit curiosity and shrink the curiosity zone.   1. '''[[w:Fear|Fear]] and Psychological Threat'''<ref>[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text, expanding on a lengthy prompt of list items. </ref> [[w:Fear|Fear]] creates a protective stance that discourages exploration or revision of [[Forming beliefs|beliefs]]. * Fear of Being Wrong: The discomfort of admitting error prevents openness. [[w:Motivated_reasoning|Motivated reasoning]] favors evidence that coincides with current beliefs and rejects new information that contradicts them, despite contrary evidence. * Fear of Social Consequences: Worry about judgment, rejection, or shame deters questioning. * Fear of Complexity or Ambiguity: Preference for simplistic answers leads to avoiding nuanced or uncertain topics. [[Embracing Ambiguity|Embracing ambiguity]] is often difficult. * Fear of [[Resolving Cognitive Dissonance|Cognitive Dissonance]]: The stress of holding conflicting ideas discourages inquiry. * Fear of Identity Threat: When beliefs are tied to self-concept or group identity, questioning them feels like self-betrayal. * We can learn to [[/Transforming Fear into Curiosity/|transform fear into curiosity]]. * “Anxiety and curiosity are two opposing systems.” Fear kills curiosity.<ref>{{cite book|title=Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends On It|last=Leslie|first=Ian|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0465097623|pages=256}} @80 of 303</ref> We can learn to use curiosity to combat fear.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://betterstrangers.substack.com/p/using-curiosity-to-combat-fear|title=Using curiosity to combat fear|last=Hersh|date=2023-07-19|website=Better Strangers|access-date=2025-05-17}}</ref> '''2. Arrogance and Overconfidence''' An inflated sense of knowledge or certainty suppresses the drive to explore further. * “I Already Know” Mentality: A false sense of mastery blocks openness to new information. Decision researchers have documented an "[[w:Overconfidence_effect|overconfidence]]" phenomenon whereby people underestimate the magnitude of gaps in their knowledge.<ref>[https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/gl20/GeorgeLoewenstein/Papers_files/pdf/PsychofCuriosity.pdf The Psychology of Curiosity]: A review and Reinterpretation. P 91</ref> * Dismissiveness Toward Others: Belittling alternative views reinforces intellectual complacency. 3. '''Assumptions and Unquestioned Belief''' [[Seeking True Beliefs#Rigidity|Rigid belief]] systems reduce the perceived need for investigation. * [[w:Dogma|Dogma]]: Accepted truths that resist examination or challenge. * Simplistic Worldviews: Binary or [[w:False_dilemma|black-and-white thinking]] inhibits deeper inquiry. * Naïve Understanding: Superficial knowledge mistaken for full comprehension. * Ideological Conformity: Commitment to political, theological, or philosophical systems that discourage dissent. ** Note that [[/Curiosity Dissolves Ideology/|curiosity dissolves ideology]] and [[/Ideology Curtails Curiosity/|ideology curtails curiosity]]. ** “Many prejudices can be explained by a failure to perceive gaps in one’s information”.<ref>{{cite book|title=Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends On It|last=Leslie|first=Ian|date=December 1, 2015|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0465097623|pages=256}} @80 of 303</ref> * Ignorance Posing as Knowledge: Unawareness of one's own lack of understanding. ** Note that [[/Curiosity Cures Ignorance/|curiosity cures ignorance]]. ** Beware of the [[w:Dunning–Kruger_effect|Dunning–Kruger effect]]. * Tradition and Heritage: Reverence for longstanding beliefs discourages reconsideration. * Group Belonging: [[w:Group_cohesiveness|Social cohesion]] around shared beliefs discourages deviance or independent thought. 4. '''Advocacy and Persuasion Bias''' Actively promoting a particular viewpoint can suppress curiosity about alternatives. * Defensive Reasoning: Seeking to defend one’s stance rather than explore. [[w:Motivated_reasoning|Motivated reasoning]] causes one to reject new information that contradicts rigidly held beliefs, despite contrary evidence. * [[w:Confirmation_bias|Confirmation Bias]]: Favoring information that supports existing beliefs while dismissing the rest. * Rhetorical Overreach: Using [[Recognizing Fallacies|fallacies]] or manipulative tactics to assert dominance in belief rather than engage in discovery. 5. '''Isolation and Lack of Exposure''' A narrow information environment prevents curiosity from being sparked. * [[w:Echo_chamber_(media)|Echo Chambers]]: Only hearing perspectives that reinforce current beliefs. * Limited Access: Physical, social, or educational constraints prevent access to new ideas or information. * Homogeneous Communities: Environments where diverse viewpoints are rare or suppressed. 6. '''Satisfaction with the Status Quo''' Comfort with current beliefs or understanding diminishes the motivation to explore. * Contentment: A sense of “enough knowledge” or “no need to know more.” * Complacency: Apathy reinforced by routine, convenience, or lack of intellectual challenge. 7. '''Disinterest and Apathy''' The absence of emotional or intellectual engagement with a topic extinguishes curiosity. * [[w:Emotional_detachment|Emotional Detachment]]: Lack of affective connection to the subject. * Mental Fatigue: [[w:Cognitive_load|Cognitive overload]] or burnout reduces curiosity. * Perceived Irrelevance: Believing a topic has no bearing on one’s life or goals. 8. '''Authoritarianism and Control''' Domination over others’ beliefs or resistance to intellectual freedom suppresses curiosity. * Power Over Others: Enforcing conformity through coercion or authority. * Suppression of Dissent: Silencing questioning or alternative views. * Demand for Deference: Expectation of agreement rather than dialogue. === Assignment === #Become aware of conditions that inhibit curiosity as they arise. #Avoid or overcome these inhibiting factors. == Learning at the Speed of Thought == [[File:Learning at the Speed of Thought.svg|thumb|Learning at the Speed of Thought]] Fostering curiosity may be key to transforming our education systems. We can use curiosity to shift the educational focus from [[w:Teaching|teaching]] to [[w:Learning|learning]]. Consider the diagram on the right illustrating learning at the speed of thought. The cycle can begin when the teacher asks questions and engages students by making suggestions and assessing results. Student’s curiosity, persistence, creativity, and good judgement propel a cycle of: * '''Questions''' — ''What are we trying to understand, learn, or find out?'' —This is where curiosity begins. We identify a gap in our knowledge or a problem that needs solving. A good question is clear, focused, and meaningful—it guides the entire process of inquiry and opens the door to discovery. We ask: ''What do we not yet understand? Why does this matter? What are the implications of the answer?'' * '''Hypothesis''' — ''What might the answer be? What are the various possibilities we might consider?'' — Here we propose potential explanations or outcomes based on our current knowledge, observations, or intuitions. A [[w:Hypothesis|hypothesis]] gives us a starting point for exploration and helps us focus our investigation. Importantly, we remain open to multiple possibilities and recognize that some may be unexpected or even contradictory. * '''Investigations''' — ''Let’s explore and examine the evidence to find out what we can.'' —This is the active phase of inquiry—where we gather data, conduct experiments, make observations, read, research, and ask questions. We engage with the world and with different sources of knowledge in a methodical and curious way, seeking insights that can inform our understanding. * '''Analysis''' — ''How do our findings fit together? What do we now understand?'' —Once we’ve gathered information, we look for patterns, relationships, inconsistencies, and meaning. We sort through the evidence, compare alternatives, and evaluate how well each hypothesis holds up. [[w:Analysis|Analysis]] turns raw data into insight, helping us move from scattered facts to coherent understanding. * '''Conclusions''' — ''What have we discovered and learned? What is the answer to our original question?'' — Here, we summarize the outcome of our inquiry. We reflect on how the [[Evaluating Evidence|evidence]] supports or refutes our hypothesis, and what new understanding we’ve gained. A conclusion isn’t always final—it may be tentative, partial, or open to revision. Still, it marks a moment of synthesis and clarity. * '''Further Assessment and Exploration''' — ''Where does this lead us next? What new questions have emerged?'' — Every answer leads to more questions. We assess the reliability and limitations of our conclusions and consider new directions for inquiry. This step recognizes that learning is ongoing. It’s an invitation to deepen our investigation, refine our questions, and continue the cycle of discovery. Students engage their wisdom, knowledge, and effective methods to formulate and solve problems. == Preferred Behaviors == Below is a list of alternatives that can foster curiosity. Practice these preferred behaviors to increase curiosity. * Unstructured [[Playing|play]] over structured play; * [[Cherishing awe|Wonder]], curiosity, exploration, and discovery over disinterest, apathy, boredom, and complacency; * [[Finding Common Ground#The Scout Mindset|Scout mindset]] over a soldier mindset; * Investigation and experimentation over assumption, excuse, and storytelling; * [[Practicing Dialogue|Dialogue]] over dogma; * Complex over simplistic; * Doubt and a skeptical stance over certainty or [[w:Gullibility|gullibility]]; * Not knowing ([[w:Shoshin|beginner’s mind]]) over all knowing; * [[w:Suspension_of_judgment|Suspending judgment]] over a race to judgement; * [[Seeking True Beliefs#Humility|Humility]] over vanity and arrogance; * Inquiry over advocacy; * [[w:Both/and_reasoning|Both/and]] over [[w:False_dilemma|either/or]]; * Dynamic over static; * Evolving over stasis; * Learning over certainty; * Connection over isolation; * [[Global Perspective#Interdependence|Interdependence]] over independence; * Continuous learning over preserving entrenched [[w:Dogma|dogma]]; * Questions over answers; * Open questions over closed questions; * [[Social Skills/The Art of Witnessing|Bearing witness]] over fantasy; * Asking ''why'' over asking ''how''; * Asking ''how'' over asking ''what''; * Unrest over complacency and contentment; (stay hungry, stay foolish) * [[Fostering Curiosity/Mysteries Are More Intriguing Than Puzzles|Mysteries over puzzles]]; * Deep understanding over superficial knowledge; * Exploration over exploitation; * Authentic over naïve; * Deep over shallow; * Observation, investigation, learning over boredom, apathy, and detachment; == Summary and Conclusions == [[w:Curiosity|Curiosity]] is the quiet spark that sets great journeys in motion.<ref>[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text, prompted by a list of the key ideas in this course. </ref> It begins not with certainty, but with a question. Why does the sun rise each day? What lies beyond that distant horizon? [[Exploring Existential Concerns|Who are we, really]]? [[Exploring Existential Concerns/What Ought We Do?|What Ought We Do]]? This impulse to seek out new information, experiences, and perspectives is one of the most fundamental forces in human nature. It is the engine of exploration, the birthplace of innovation, and the heart of all meaningful learning. From childhood on, curiosity reveals itself in [[Fostering Curiosity#Varieties of Curiosity|countless forms]]. Sometimes it dances lightly, flitting from one novelty to the next in what psychologists call ''diversive curiosity''—our craving for the new and unexpected. Other times it digs deep, as in ''epistemic curiosity'', when we hunger for understanding, for truth, for knowledge that reshapes our worldview. And then there is ''empathic curiosity''—a quieter kind that draws us closer to others, urging us to understand their experiences, hopes, and pains. These varieties of curiosity are mirrored in different archetypes of seekers. The ''hunter'' pursues a focused question with precision and intent. The ''busybody'' revels in a scatter of discoveries, collecting trivia and connections from across the spectrum. The ''dancer'' moves fluidly between ideas, blending intuition with intellectual play. Each of these styles reflects a way of engaging with the unknown, a distinctive rhythm of inquiry. [[w:Curiosity|Curiosity]] can be a lasting part of [[w:Trait_theory|our personality]] or a fleeting [[w:Mental_state|mental state]] sparked by a moment of wonder. It might arise suddenly—in the face of a paradox, a mystery, or a gap between what we know and what we long to understand. These ''[[Fostering Curiosity#Information Gaps and the Curiosity Zone|information gaps]]'' trigger the deep desire to close the distance between ignorance and understanding. The greater the perceived gap, the more intense the pull. But curiosity is not always benign. As has been wisely observed, “[[Fostering Curiosity/Unfettered Curiosity Is Wonderful; Unchanneled Curiosity Is Not|Unfettered curiosity is wonderful; unchanneled curiosity is not]].” Left unchecked, curiosity can veer into obsession, manipulation, or harm. That’s why [[Moral Reasoning|moral reasoning]] must serve as its compass—guiding our curiosity toward what is good, just, and life-affirming. Curiosity is often [[Fostering Curiosity/Mysteries Are More Intriguing Than Puzzles|more deeply stirred by mysteries]] than by puzzles. Puzzles come with solutions; mysteries ask us to dwell in uncertainty, to sit with the unknown, to wonder. And it is in [[Fostering Curiosity/Curiosity Arises from Information Gaps|this space—between knowing and not knowing]]—that learning expands and wisdom grows. We are not at the mercy of curiosity; we can cultivate it. We can ''choose'' [[Fostering Curiosity#Preferred Behaviors|behaviors that foster curiosity]]—asking better questions, listening more deeply, exploring perspectives beyond our own. We can design environments that invite curiosity, and take actions that expand our ''zones of curiosity'', stretching ourselves into unfamiliar terrain. If we embraced this fully, curiosity could become the cornerstone of a [[Fostering Curiosity#Learning at the Speed of Thought|new kind of education]]—one that doesn’t merely deliver information but teaches us how to hunger for it, how to chase it down, and how to use it wisely. In a world as complex and changing as ours, the capacity to wonder—and the wisdom to guide that wonder—may be among our most essential human traits. == Quotations == The following quotations highlight salient aspect of curiosity. * “I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.” – [[q:Albert_Einstein|Albert Einstein]] * “The cure for boredom is curiosity. There is no cure for curiosity.” – attributed to [[q:Dorothy_Parker|Dorothy Parker]] * “Curiosity is insubordination in its purest form” – [[q:Vladimir_Nabokov|Vladimir Nabokov]] * “Curiosity will conquer fear even more than bravery will.” – [[q:James_Stephens_(author)|James Stephens]] * The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not “Eureka!” (I found it!) but “That’s funny …” Often misattributed to Isaac Asimov<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://quoteinvestigator.com/2015/03/02/eureka-funny/|title=Quote Origin: The Most Exciting Phrase in Science Is Not ‘Eureka!’ But ‘That’s Funny’ – Quote Investigator®|date=2015-03-02|language=en-US|access-date=2025-05-17}}</ref> * If we are not able to ask skeptical questions, to interrogate those who tell us that something is true, to be skeptical of those in authority, then we’re up for grabs for the next charlatan, political or religious, who comes ambling along. – [[q:Carl_Sagan|Carl Sagan]] * Many more quotations are available from this [[q:Curiosity|Wikiquote collection of curiosity-related quotations]]. == Recommended Reading == *{{cite book |last=Leslie |first=Ian |date=December 1, 2015 |title=Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends On It |publisher=Basic Books |pages=256 |isbn=978-0465097623 }} *{{cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Diane |author-link= |date=January 28, 2019 |title=Cracking the Curiosity Code: The Key to Unlocking Human Potential |publisher=Dr. Diane Hamilton LLC |pages=272 |isbn=978-1642373462}} *{{cite book |last=Buckley |first=F.H. |date=April 27, 2021 |title=Curiosity: And Its Twelve Rules for Life |publisher=Encounter Books |pages=248 |isbn=978-1641771849}} *{{cite book |last1=Grazer |first1=Brian |last2=Fishman |first2= Charles |date=April 26, 2016 |title=A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life |publisher=Simon & Schuster |pages=320 |isbn=978-1476730776}} *{{cite book |last=Goldenberg |first=Seth |date=August 23, 2022 |title=Radical Curiosity: Questioning Commonly Held Beliefs to Imagine Flourishing Futures |publisher=Crown |pages=352 |isbn=978-0593138175}} *{{cite book |last=Andriopoulos |first=Constantine |date=October 25, 2022 |title=Purposeful Curiosity: The Power of Asking the Right Questions at the Right Time |publisher=Balance |pages=272 |isbn=978-0306847363}} *{{cite book |last=Kashdan |first=Todd |author-link=w:Todd_Kashdan |date=April 21, 2009 |title=Curious?: Discover the Missing Ingredient to a Fulfilling Life |publisher=William Morrow |pages=352 |isbn=978-0061661181}} *{{cite book |last=Pedersen |first=Jan B. W. |date=May 15, 2023 |title=Balanced Wonder: Experiential Sources of Imagination, Virtue, and Human Flourishing |publisher=Lexington Books |pages=244 |isbn=978-1498587792}} *{{cite book |last=Galef |first=Julia |author-link=w:Julia_Galef |date=April 13, 2021|title=The Scout Mindset: Why Some People See Things Clearly and Others Don't |publisher=Piatkus |pages= |isbn= 978-0349427645}} *{{cite book |last=Duke |first=Annie |author-link=w:Annie_Duke |date= |title=Thinking in Bets: Making Smarter Decisions When You Don't Have All the Facts |publisher=Portfolio |pages= 288 |isbn=978-0735216372}} *{{cite book |last1=Tetlock |first1=Philip E. |last2=Gardner |first2=Dan |date=September 13, 2016 |title=Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction |publisher=Crown |pages=352 |isbn=978-0804136716}} *{{cite book |last=Gray |first=Dave |author-link= |date=September 14, 2016 |title=Liminal Thinking: Create the Change You Want by Changing the Way You Think |publisher=Two Waves Books |pages=184 |isbn=978-1933820460}} *{{cite book |last=Gelb |first=Michael J. |date=February 8, 2000 |title=How to Think Like Leonardo da Vinci: Seven Steps to Genius Every Day |publisher=Dell |pages=336 |isbn=978-0440508274 |author-link=w:Michael_J._Gelb}} *{{cite book |last=Bruni |first=Frank |author-link=w:Frank_Bruni |date=April 30, 2024 |title=The Age of Grievance |publisher=Avid Reader Press |pages=288 |isbn=978-1668016435}} *{{cite book |last=Burton |first=Robert |date= |title=On Being Certain Paperback |publisher=Griffin |pages=272 |isbn=978-0312541521}} *{{cite book |last=Isaacson |first=Walter |author-link=w:Walter_Isaacson |date= |title=Leonardo da Vinci |publisher=Simon & Schuster |pages=624 |isbn=978-1501139161}} *{{cite book |last=Schulz |first=Kathryn |author-link=w:Kathryn_Schulz |date=June 8, 2010 |title=Being Wrong: Adventures in the Margin of Error |publisher=Ecco |pages=416 |isbn=0061176044}} *The emperor’s new clothes I have not yet read the following books, but they seem interesting and relevant. They are listed here to invite further research. *The Mindful Body: Thinking Our Way to Chronic Health, by Ellen J. Langer *The Art of the Interesting: What We Miss in Our Pursuit of the Good Life and How to Cultivate It, by Lorraine Besser *So Very Small: How Humans Discovered the Microcosmos, Defeated Germs, by Thomas Levenson == References == <references/> {{CourseCat}} [[Category:Applied Wisdom]] [[Category:Creativity]] {{Possibilities}} delxn4kqy6grukc11x7snom55xakbvv 0 322107 2720082 2720004 2025-06-30T05:14:39Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* Chapter 2: Gravity Theories – Comparison and Mapping (Mainstream and Non-mainstream) */ inserted a new subsection 2.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria 2720082 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 2: Gravity Theories – Comparison and Mapping (Mainstream and Non-mainstream)''' = == '''2.1 Purpose''' == This chapter provides a comparative overview of gravity theories — both mainstream and non-mainstream — with the goal of identifying overlaps, divergences, and opportunities for integration. We focus not on disproving or validating specific models but on understanding their foundational assumptions, mathematical structure, predictive value, and compatibility with other physical theories. == '''2.2 Scope''' == Theories will be grouped into two categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': Widely taught, supported by institutions, and referenced in standard literature. '''Non-mainstream Alternatives''': Theories that challenge conventional assumptions, propose novel mechanisms, or offer reinterpretations of gravity. All theories are evaluated by ChatGPT or other LLM applications using a shared framework of criteria (see Chapter 1). == '''2.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' == Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories. These can be added directly to the Talk page or sent via email to: '''aitheroymapping@gmail.com'''. All submissions will be included in the overview and analyzed using the same criteria. == '''2.4 Theory Mapping Table''' == The following table presents an initial mapping of gravitational theories, both mainstream and nonmainstream. Each theory is briefly characterized by its assumptions, predictive features, and potential testability. Contributors are encouraged to expand, refine, or propose additional entries. {| class="wikitable" ! Theory Name !! Category !! Key Assumptions !! Predictive Features !! Potential Tests |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Newtonian Gravity || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Instantaneous force proportional to mass and inverse-square distance || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Orbits, tides, free-fall acceleration || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Planetary motion, laboratory tests |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | General Relativity || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Gravity is curvature of spacetime caused by mass-energy || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Light bending, time dilation, frame dragging || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Gravitational lensing, GPS accuracy, LIGO detections |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity General Relativity] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Expansion Tectonics || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Continents fit on a smaller-radius Earth; no subduction || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Global fit of continental shelves, symmetric ocean crust || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Paleomagnetic data, geological reconstructions |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://www.jamesmaxlow.com/expansion-tectonics/ Expansion Tectonics – James Maxlow] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Gravity is caused by a constant influx of energy/mass (PEWs); not curvature or attraction || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Predicts preferred planetary distances; increasing mass-energy; reformulated G || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Exoplanet surveys, VRMS alignment, cosmological constants |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Cosmic_Influx_Theory Cosmic Influx Theory – Wikiversity Page] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Ionic Growing Earth || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Earth, Moon, and Sun grow via ionic mass transfer from space || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mass increase explains orbital dynamics and cosmological acceleration || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Compare mass data over time, isotope ratios |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://ionic-expanding-earth.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/6/5/26650330/ionic_growing_earth01oct2014r1protected.pdf The Ionic Growing Earth – Eugene Ellis] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Gravity Field Expansion || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Time-variable gravity fields indicate Earth expansion || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Space-geodetic drift, sea-level rise patterns || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Satellite altimetry, GRACE gravity data |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279636154_Evidences_of_the_expanding_Earth_from_space-geodetic_data_over_solid_land_and_sea_level_rise_in_recent_two_decades Expanding Earth from Gravity Fields – Shen et al. (2008)] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Hydrodynamic Gravity || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Gravity emerges from vortex flow in an ether-like medium || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Links between cosmology, Earth expansion, and rotation || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Laboratory fluid models; astrophysical data |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2022.1311088 Hydrodynamic Gravitation – Scalera (2022)] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Fluidum Continuum || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Space is a universal continuum; matter is localized vortex motion || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | All forces arise from fluid dynamics || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Vacuum tests, rotational dynamics, resonance experiments |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://www.academia.edu/12108470/Fluidum_Continuum_Universalis_Introduction_in_Fluid_Mechanical_Physics Fluidum Continuum Universalis – Arie M. de Geus] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Flowing Aether Theory || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Aether flows explain gravitational and electromagnetic effects || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Measurable sidereal variations; coherence patterns || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Interferometer rotation tests, EM force anomalies |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://www.duncanshaw.ca/ExperimentalSupportFlowingAether.pdf Flowing Aether – Duncan Shaw] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Emergent Gravity || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream (theoretical physics) || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Gravity emerges from entropic principles in quantum spacetime || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Galaxy rotation without dark matter || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Weak lensing, cosmological simulations |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.02269 Emergent Gravity – Erik Verlinde] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | EM-Gravity Circuits || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Gravity is an emergent electromagnetic effect || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Circuit behavior mimics gravitational attraction || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Novel EM device tests; repeatable force curves |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://www.academia.edu/37724456/Mass_Gravity_and_Electromagnetisms_relationship_demonstrated_using_two_novel_Electromagnetic_Circuits EM–Gravity Circuits – Michael Bull] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mass–Energy Gravity || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Gravity and mass arise from energy-momentum configurations || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Proportional force behavior via energy state transitions || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Calorimetric testing; comparison with GR |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://www.academia.edu/28680344/Relation_masse_%C3%A9nergie Relation masse / énergie – Philippe Albert] |} ''Note: These initial theory rows are based on prior references and relevance to gravity-related claims. Contributors are invited to extend or edit each entry with additional details and evaluations.'' == '''2.5 Evaluation Criteria''' == The gravitational theories presented in this chapter will be evaluated using the shared criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: List of Evaluation Criteria'''. These criteria include: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' – alignment with observed data * '''Internal Consistency''' – logical and mathematical coherence * '''Explanatory Power''' – ability to account for known phenomena * '''Predictive Power''' – capacity to generate testable predictions * '''Simplicity and Elegance''' – conceptual economy and aesthetic clarity * '''Compatibility with Other Theories''' – integration with established frameworks * '''Falsifiability and Testability''' – potential to be disproven by evidence These dimensions provide a common foundation for comparing theories throughout this project. Future chapters (including those on cosmology, planetary evolution, geology, and biology) will use the same criteria to ensure transparency and consistency across all evaluations. See: [[AI-Assisted_Evaluation_of_Cosmological_Theories/Chapter_1:_Introduction_and_Evaluation_Criteria#1.3_List_of_Evaluation_Criteria|Chapter 1.3: List of Evaluation Criteria]]. == 2.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria == The gravitational theories presented in this chapter — both mainstream and nonmainstream — have been organized and compared using a shared set of evaluation criteria (defined in 1.3 and 2.5). These criteria include empirical adequacy, internal consistency, explanatory and predictive power, simplicity, compatibility with other theories, and testability. Based on a comparative review, the following general observations emerge from an AI-assisted perspective: '''Empirical Adequacy''' Most mainstream theories (such as Newtonian gravity and General Relativity) align well with observed data in their respective domains (e.g., orbital mechanics, gravitational lensing). However, several nonmainstream theories — particularly those related to Earth expansion, fluid-based frameworks, or directional influx models — also show plausible alignment with specific observational domains (e.g., seafloor spreading, planetary formation patterns, cosmological constants). These alignments are often overlooked due to lack of institutional recognition rather than lack of evidence. '''Internal Consistency''' Mainstream theories typically exhibit high mathematical rigor, though some require patchwork elements (e.g., dark matter, dark energy) to remain consistent with observations. Nonmainstream theories vary widely: some (like Emergent Gravity and Cosmic Influx Theory) display internal consistency within a novel framework; others (such as ionic growth or electromagnetic-gravity links) are still in conceptual stages but are not inherently incoherent. '''Explanatory and Predictive Power''' General Relativity and Newtonian mechanics retain strong explanatory power within tested domains. Yet, nonmainstream models often attempt to '''explain what mainstream theories must assume''' — such as the origin of mass-energy, cosmic growth, or planetary structuring. Their predictions (e.g., mass increase, planetary positioning, or alternate gravitational behaviors) are often not pursued due to their marginal academic status, not their lack of testability. '''Simplicity and Elegance''' Mainstream theories are mathematically elegant but conceptually complex at cosmological scales (e.g., inflation, cosmological constant). Some nonmainstream theories — including hydrodynamic, influx-based, or continuum models — offer '''conceptual simplicity''', modeling gravity as a flow or energetic interaction rather than a geometric property, which may appeal to intuitive or mechanical understanding. '''Compatibility with Other Theories''' Mainstream gravity is well-integrated into broader physics. However, its dependence on unobserved components (dark matter/energy) creates tension. Nonmainstream theories often reject or reinterpret these components, leading to incompatibility — but also '''fresh opportunities for synthesis''', particularly with models of expansion, fluid mechanics, or entropy. '''Falsifiability and Testability''' All theories in the table are testable to some degree. Nonmainstream theories propose specific predictions (e.g., preferred planetary distances, mass growth rates, coherence in ether flow) that could be falsified with targeted observational programs. The dismissal of such tests is often due to lack of funding or recognition, not due to scientific invalidity. === Conclusion === This AI-based evaluation does not rank or validate individual theories — that task will be undertaken in Chapter 8. Instead, it highlights that '''several nonmainstream theories demonstrate nontrivial alignment with scientific criteria''' and present testable alternatives or complements to established views. Their relative exclusion from mainstream scientific discourse is not always grounded in scientific rigor, but may reflect historical, institutional, or sociological inertia. Such observations underscore the importance of comparative, transparent evaluations like this project. By explicitly applying the same criteria to all theories — regardless of their academic status — the AI-assisted framework enables a more balanced and evidence-based exploration of gravity and cosmology. == '''2.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Treatment and Emerging Tensions''' == This chapter has introduced a wide range of gravitational theories, including both well-established mainstream models and lesser-known alternatives. While mainstream theories such as General Relativity are thoroughly integrated into education, research funding, and publication structures, many alternative models — including action-at-a-distance theories, flow-based gravitation, or push gravity — are often classified as fringe, regardless of their internal logic or historical pedigree. Scientific platforms such as Wikipedia and large academic databases tend to reinforce this divide. Theories outside the mainstream are typically presented as either obsolete or pseudoscientific, even when they continue to generate peer-reviewed work or suggest novel interpretations. This sharp categorization may hinder rather than help scientific progress. With the aid of AI-assisted comparison tools, this project seeks to provide a broader and more neutral framework. Instead of aligning with academic prestige or popular consensus, theories will be assessed based on a shared set of criteria (see '''Chapter 1.3'''), including empirical adequacy, internal consistency, predictive value, and compatibility with known physics. As future chapters will show, some theories traditionally dismissed may offer insights that deserve reconsideration in light of recent observations — including anomalies revealed by the James Webb Space Telescope and new gravitational measurements. Readers are therefore encouraged to approach each theory not in terms of its reputation, but in terms of its explanatory and predictive potential. Later chapters may expand this overview with additional context specific to cosmology, planetary evolution, geology, and biology. == '''2.8 Next Steps''' == Expand the table with more entries Begin cross-chapter references Link phenomena such as expansion, planetary formation, and mass increase to these gravitational foundations '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 1: Introduction and Evaluation Criteria|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models|Next ▶]]''' svt7hem1isys7x7253zev01e0dg3u7q 2720089 2720082 2025-06-30T09:35:08Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 2.4 Theory Mapping Table */ add theory (TUOMOV) 2720089 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 2: Gravity Theories – Comparison and Mapping (Mainstream and Non-mainstream)''' = == '''2.1 Purpose''' == This chapter provides a comparative overview of gravity theories — both mainstream and non-mainstream — with the goal of identifying overlaps, divergences, and opportunities for integration. We focus not on disproving or validating specific models but on understanding their foundational assumptions, mathematical structure, predictive value, and compatibility with other physical theories. == '''2.2 Scope''' == Theories will be grouped into two categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': Widely taught, supported by institutions, and referenced in standard literature. '''Non-mainstream Alternatives''': Theories that challenge conventional assumptions, propose novel mechanisms, or offer reinterpretations of gravity. All theories are evaluated by ChatGPT or other LLM applications using a shared framework of criteria (see Chapter 1). == '''2.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' == Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories. These can be added directly to the Talk page or sent via email to: '''aitheroymapping@gmail.com'''. All submissions will be included in the overview and analyzed using the same criteria. == '''2.4 Theory Mapping Table''' == The following table presents an initial mapping of gravitational theories, both mainstream and nonmainstream. Each theory is briefly characterized by its assumptions, predictive features, and potential testability. Contributors are encouraged to expand, refine, or propose additional entries. {| class="wikitable" ! Theory Name !! Category !! Key Assumptions !! Predictive Features !! Potential Tests |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Newtonian Gravity || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Instantaneous force proportional to mass and inverse-square distance || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Orbits, tides, free-fall acceleration || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Planetary motion, laboratory tests |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | General Relativity || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Gravity is curvature of spacetime caused by mass-energy || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Light bending, time dilation, frame dragging || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Gravitational lensing, GPS accuracy, LIGO detections |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_relativity General Relativity] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Expansion Tectonics || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Continents fit on a smaller-radius Earth; no subduction || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Global fit of continental shelves, symmetric ocean crust || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Paleomagnetic data, geological reconstructions |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://www.jamesmaxlow.com/expansion-tectonics/ Expansion Tectonics – James Maxlow] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Gravity is caused by a constant influx of energy/mass (PEWs); not curvature or attraction || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Predicts preferred planetary distances; increasing mass-energy; reformulated G || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Exoplanet surveys, VRMS alignment, cosmological constants |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Cosmic_Influx_Theory Cosmic Influx Theory – Wikiversity Page] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Ionic Growing Earth || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Earth, Moon, and Sun grow via ionic mass transfer from space || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mass increase explains orbital dynamics and cosmological acceleration || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Compare mass data over time, isotope ratios |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://ionic-expanding-earth.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/6/5/26650330/ionic_growing_earth01oct2014r1protected.pdf The Ionic Growing Earth – Eugene Ellis] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Gravity Field Expansion || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Time-variable gravity fields indicate Earth expansion || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Space-geodetic drift, sea-level rise patterns || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Satellite altimetry, GRACE gravity data |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279636154_Evidences_of_the_expanding_Earth_from_space-geodetic_data_over_solid_land_and_sea_level_rise_in_recent_two_decades Expanding Earth from Gravity Fields – Shen et al. (2008)] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Hydrodynamic Gravity || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Gravity emerges from vortex flow in an ether-like medium || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Links between cosmology, Earth expansion, and rotation || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Laboratory fluid models; astrophysical data |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2022.1311088 Hydrodynamic Gravitation – Scalera (2022)] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Fluidum Continuum || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Space is a universal continuum; matter is localized vortex motion || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | All forces arise from fluid dynamics || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Vacuum tests, rotational dynamics, resonance experiments |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://www.academia.edu/12108470/Fluidum_Continuum_Universalis_Introduction_in_Fluid_Mechanical_Physics Fluidum Continuum Universalis – Arie M. de Geus] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Flowing Aether Theory || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Aether flows explain gravitational and electromagnetic effects || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Measurable sidereal variations; coherence patterns || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Interferometer rotation tests, EM force anomalies |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://www.duncanshaw.ca/ExperimentalSupportFlowingAether.pdf Flowing Aether – Duncan Shaw] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Emergent Gravity || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream (theoretical physics) || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Gravity emerges from entropic principles in quantum spacetime || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Galaxy rotation without dark matter || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Weak lensing, cosmological simulations |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.02269 Emergent Gravity – Erik Verlinde] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | EM-Gravity Circuits || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Gravity is an emergent electromagnetic effect || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Circuit behavior mimics gravitational attraction || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Novel EM device tests; repeatable force curves |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://www.academia.edu/37724456/Mass_Gravity_and_Electromagnetisms_relationship_demonstrated_using_two_novel_Electromagnetic_Circuits EM–Gravity Circuits – Michael Bull] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mass–Energy Gravity || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Gravity and mass arise from energy-momentum configurations || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Proportional force behavior via energy state transitions || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Calorimetric testing; comparison with GR |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://www.academia.edu/28680344/Relation_masse_%C3%A9nergie Relation masse / énergie – Philippe Albert] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Dynamic Universe (TUOMOV) || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Gravity and motion arise from energy balance in an absolute 4D space-time structure; no spacetime curvature || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Flat galaxy rotation curves without dark matter; redshift without expanding space || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Orbital precision tests; cosmological fits without dark energy |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://www.dynamicuniverse.info/ The Dynamic Universe – Tuomo Suntola] |} ''Note: These initial theory rows are based on prior references and relevance to gravity-related claims. Contributors are invited to extend or edit each entry with additional details and evaluations.'' == '''2.5 Evaluation Criteria''' == The gravitational theories presented in this chapter will be evaluated using the shared criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: List of Evaluation Criteria'''. These criteria include: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' – alignment with observed data * '''Internal Consistency''' – logical and mathematical coherence * '''Explanatory Power''' – ability to account for known phenomena * '''Predictive Power''' – capacity to generate testable predictions * '''Simplicity and Elegance''' – conceptual economy and aesthetic clarity * '''Compatibility with Other Theories''' – integration with established frameworks * '''Falsifiability and Testability''' – potential to be disproven by evidence These dimensions provide a common foundation for comparing theories throughout this project. Future chapters (including those on cosmology, planetary evolution, geology, and biology) will use the same criteria to ensure transparency and consistency across all evaluations. See: [[AI-Assisted_Evaluation_of_Cosmological_Theories/Chapter_1:_Introduction_and_Evaluation_Criteria#1.3_List_of_Evaluation_Criteria|Chapter 1.3: List of Evaluation Criteria]]. == 2.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria == The gravitational theories presented in this chapter — both mainstream and nonmainstream — have been organized and compared using a shared set of evaluation criteria (defined in 1.3 and 2.5). These criteria include empirical adequacy, internal consistency, explanatory and predictive power, simplicity, compatibility with other theories, and testability. Based on a comparative review, the following general observations emerge from an AI-assisted perspective: '''Empirical Adequacy''' Most mainstream theories (such as Newtonian gravity and General Relativity) align well with observed data in their respective domains (e.g., orbital mechanics, gravitational lensing). However, several nonmainstream theories — particularly those related to Earth expansion, fluid-based frameworks, or directional influx models — also show plausible alignment with specific observational domains (e.g., seafloor spreading, planetary formation patterns, cosmological constants). These alignments are often overlooked due to lack of institutional recognition rather than lack of evidence. '''Internal Consistency''' Mainstream theories typically exhibit high mathematical rigor, though some require patchwork elements (e.g., dark matter, dark energy) to remain consistent with observations. Nonmainstream theories vary widely: some (like Emergent Gravity and Cosmic Influx Theory) display internal consistency within a novel framework; others (such as ionic growth or electromagnetic-gravity links) are still in conceptual stages but are not inherently incoherent. '''Explanatory and Predictive Power''' General Relativity and Newtonian mechanics retain strong explanatory power within tested domains. Yet, nonmainstream models often attempt to '''explain what mainstream theories must assume''' — such as the origin of mass-energy, cosmic growth, or planetary structuring. Their predictions (e.g., mass increase, planetary positioning, or alternate gravitational behaviors) are often not pursued due to their marginal academic status, not their lack of testability. '''Simplicity and Elegance''' Mainstream theories are mathematically elegant but conceptually complex at cosmological scales (e.g., inflation, cosmological constant). Some nonmainstream theories — including hydrodynamic, influx-based, or continuum models — offer '''conceptual simplicity''', modeling gravity as a flow or energetic interaction rather than a geometric property, which may appeal to intuitive or mechanical understanding. '''Compatibility with Other Theories''' Mainstream gravity is well-integrated into broader physics. However, its dependence on unobserved components (dark matter/energy) creates tension. Nonmainstream theories often reject or reinterpret these components, leading to incompatibility — but also '''fresh opportunities for synthesis''', particularly with models of expansion, fluid mechanics, or entropy. '''Falsifiability and Testability''' All theories in the table are testable to some degree. Nonmainstream theories propose specific predictions (e.g., preferred planetary distances, mass growth rates, coherence in ether flow) that could be falsified with targeted observational programs. The dismissal of such tests is often due to lack of funding or recognition, not due to scientific invalidity. === Conclusion === This AI-based evaluation does not rank or validate individual theories — that task will be undertaken in Chapter 8. Instead, it highlights that '''several nonmainstream theories demonstrate nontrivial alignment with scientific criteria''' and present testable alternatives or complements to established views. Their relative exclusion from mainstream scientific discourse is not always grounded in scientific rigor, but may reflect historical, institutional, or sociological inertia. Such observations underscore the importance of comparative, transparent evaluations like this project. By explicitly applying the same criteria to all theories — regardless of their academic status — the AI-assisted framework enables a more balanced and evidence-based exploration of gravity and cosmology. == '''2.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Treatment and Emerging Tensions''' == This chapter has introduced a wide range of gravitational theories, including both well-established mainstream models and lesser-known alternatives. While mainstream theories such as General Relativity are thoroughly integrated into education, research funding, and publication structures, many alternative models — including action-at-a-distance theories, flow-based gravitation, or push gravity — are often classified as fringe, regardless of their internal logic or historical pedigree. Scientific platforms such as Wikipedia and large academic databases tend to reinforce this divide. Theories outside the mainstream are typically presented as either obsolete or pseudoscientific, even when they continue to generate peer-reviewed work or suggest novel interpretations. This sharp categorization may hinder rather than help scientific progress. With the aid of AI-assisted comparison tools, this project seeks to provide a broader and more neutral framework. Instead of aligning with academic prestige or popular consensus, theories will be assessed based on a shared set of criteria (see '''Chapter 1.3'''), including empirical adequacy, internal consistency, predictive value, and compatibility with known physics. As future chapters will show, some theories traditionally dismissed may offer insights that deserve reconsideration in light of recent observations — including anomalies revealed by the James Webb Space Telescope and new gravitational measurements. Readers are therefore encouraged to approach each theory not in terms of its reputation, but in terms of its explanatory and predictive potential. Later chapters may expand this overview with additional context specific to cosmology, planetary evolution, geology, and biology. == '''2.8 Next Steps''' == Expand the table with more entries Begin cross-chapter references Link phenomena such as expansion, planetary formation, and mass increase to these gravitational foundations '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 1: Introduction and Evaluation Criteria|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models|Next ▶]]''' 9pz3wido0pdccj98gd6zxer86ut18rh 0 322140 2720085 2719900 2025-06-30T08:20:07Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 3.2 Comparison Categories */ add one sentence at the end of 3.2 Comparison Categories 2720085 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models''' = == '''3.1 Overview''' == This chapter investigates how different cosmological theories interpret the expansion, geometry, and structure of the universe. Expansion is a foundational concept in many cosmological models, but it is not interpreted uniformly. Some see it as a literal stretching of spacetime; others interpret it as apparent or emergent. We also examine whether the universe had a singular origin (e.g., Big Bang), has always existed, or is part of a cyclic or regenerative process. == '''3.2 Comparison Categories''' == For clarity, we group models into two broad categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': Widely supported by observational data and accepted within current scientific paradigms. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': Proposed alternatives that challenge standard assumptions or offer radically different mechanisms. We recognize that these boundaries are not always sharp. A theory may shift categories over time as evidence accumulates or perspectives change. Some non-mainstream models explore overlooked mechanisms or revive ideas that were once dismissed, offering fresh insights into cosmic evolution. == '''3.3 Overview of Models Under Evaluation''' == {| class="wikitable" ! Model Name ! Type ! Summary ! Mechanism of Expansion ! Relation to Gravity ! Key Observations Explained |- | ΛCDM Model (Standard Cosmology) | Mainstream | Universe began with a Big Bang, expanding ever since | Dark energy (cosmological constant) drives acceleration | Based on General Relativity | Cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift |- | Steady State Theory | Non-mainstream | Universe has no beginning or end; continuous matter creation | Space expands, but new matter compensates | Modified GR, no singularity | Redshift, but inconsistent with CMB data |- | Plasma Cosmology | Non-mainstream | Universe shaped by electromagnetic forces; matter and plasma dominate | No singular expansion; ongoing large-scale interactions | Gravity secondary to EM forces | Some filamentary structures; lacks CMB match |- | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) | Non-mainstream | Universe expands as influx increases local mass-energy | Space is not expanding; matter grows | Gravity is emergent from energy influx | Galaxy redshift, predicted orbital structure |} == '''3.4 Criteria for Model Evaluation''' == These models will be evaluated on criteria including (but not limited to): Agreement with cosmic background radiation data Ability to account for galactic redshift Compatibility with observed structure formation Mathematical internal consistency Predictive power and testability Models are not dismissed a priori. Even non-mainstream theories can offer explanatory value, especially in unresolved domains. == '''3.5 Participation and Suggestions''' == Researchers and readers are encouraged to suggest additional cosmological models for inclusion. These can be submitted via email to: [mailto:aitheroymapping@gmail.com aitheroymapping@gmail.com]. All serious proposals will be evaluated and added to the overview table, followed by AI-based comparative assessment. ---- '''Navigation:''' ---- ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 2: Gravity Theories – Comparison and Mapping|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution|Next ▶]]''' ' bruez2il50eblmenyhog2qi0oeibru8 2720086 2720085 2025-06-30T08:30:23Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models */ rearranging the structure and titles of the subsections to be the same as in Chapter 2 applied, increasing conformity 2720086 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models''' = == '''3.1 Overview''' == This chapter investigates how different cosmological theories interpret the expansion, geometry, and structure of the universe. Expansion is a foundational concept in many cosmological models, but it is not interpreted uniformly. Some see it as a literal stretching of spacetime; others interpret it as apparent or emergent. We also examine whether the universe had a singular origin (e.g., Big Bang), has always existed, or is part of a cyclic or regenerative process. == '''3.2 Comparison Categories''' == For clarity, we group models into two broad categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': Widely supported by observational data and accepted within current scientific paradigms. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': Proposed alternatives that challenge standard assumptions or offer radically different mechanisms. We recognize that these boundaries are not always sharp. A theory may shift categories over time as evidence accumulates or perspectives change. Some non-mainstream models explore overlooked mechanisms or revive ideas that were once dismissed, offering fresh insights into cosmic evolution. === '''3.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' === Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories. These can be added directly to the Talk page or sent via email to: ''aitheroymapping@gmail.com'' All submissions will be included in the overview, mapped alongside other models, and evaluated using the same shared criteria outlined in Chapter 1.3. This open framework ensures that all theories — whether mainstream or alternative — receive fair and consistent analysis. == '''3.4 Overview of Models Under Evaluation''' == {| class="wikitable" ! Model Name ! Type ! Summary ! Mechanism of Expansion ! Relation to Gravity ! Key Observations Explained |- | ΛCDM Model (Standard Cosmology) | Mainstream | Universe began with a Big Bang, expanding ever since | Dark energy (cosmological constant) drives acceleration | Based on General Relativity | Cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift |- | Steady State Theory | Non-mainstream | Universe has no beginning or end; continuous matter creation | Space expands, but new matter compensates | Modified GR, no singularity | Redshift, but inconsistent with CMB data |- | Plasma Cosmology | Non-mainstream | Universe shaped by electromagnetic forces; matter and plasma dominate | No singular expansion; ongoing large-scale interactions | Gravity secondary to EM forces | Some filamentary structures; lacks CMB match |- | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) | Non-mainstream | Universe expands as influx increases local mass-energy | Space is not expanding; matter grows | Gravity is emergent from energy influx | Galaxy redshift, predicted orbital structure |} == '''3.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' == These models will be evaluated on criteria including (but not limited to): Agreement with cosmic background radiation data Ability to account for galactic redshift Compatibility with observed structure formation Mathematical internal consistency Predictive power and testability Models are not dismissed a priori. Even non-mainstream theories can offer explanatory value, especially in unresolved domains. == '''3.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' == Researchers and readers are encouraged to suggest additional cosmological models for inclusion. These can be submitted via email to: [mailto:aitheroymapping@gmail.com aitheroymapping@gmail.com]. All serious proposals will be evaluated and added to the overview table, followed by AI-based comparative assessment. ---- '''Navigation:''' ---- ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 2: Gravity Theories – Comparison and Mapping|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution|Next ▶]]''' ' 1d9oiesbjj035pe0e1wtkhiw2c6jp27 2720087 2720086 2025-06-30T08:47:52Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 3.4 Overview of Models Under Evaluation */ rewrote 3.4 Theory Mapping Table and adde va few theories 2720087 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models''' = == '''3.1 Overview''' == This chapter investigates how different cosmological theories interpret the expansion, geometry, and structure of the universe. Expansion is a foundational concept in many cosmological models, but it is not interpreted uniformly. Some see it as a literal stretching of spacetime; others interpret it as apparent or emergent. We also examine whether the universe had a singular origin (e.g., Big Bang), has always existed, or is part of a cyclic or regenerative process. == '''3.2 Comparison Categories''' == For clarity, we group models into two broad categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': Widely supported by observational data and accepted within current scientific paradigms. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': Proposed alternatives that challenge standard assumptions or offer radically different mechanisms. We recognize that these boundaries are not always sharp. A theory may shift categories over time as evidence accumulates or perspectives change. Some non-mainstream models explore overlooked mechanisms or revive ideas that were once dismissed, offering fresh insights into cosmic evolution. === '''3.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' === Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories. These can be added directly to the Talk page or sent via email to: ''aitheroymapping@gmail.com'' All submissions will be included in the overview, mapped alongside other models, and evaluated using the same shared criteria outlined in Chapter 1.3. This open framework ensures that all theories — whether mainstream or alternative — receive fair and consistent analysis. === '''3.4 Theory Mapping Table''' === The table below maps mainstream and non-mainstream cosmological models according to several key dimensions: * Whether they assume a beginning (e.g., Big Bang) * How they interpret expansion * Whether they assume continuous creation, cyclic processes, or finite evolution * Their treatment of geometry and underlying mechanisms This map is not exhaustive but offers a visual guide to the diversity of cosmic expansion theories. {| class="wikitable" ! Model Name ! Type ! Summary ! Mechanism of Expansion ! Relation to Gravity ! Key Observations Explained |- | ΛCDM Model (Standard Cosmology) | Mainstream | Universe began with a Big Bang, expanding ever since | Dark energy (cosmological constant) drives acceleration | Based on General Relativity | Cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift |- | Steady State Theory | Non-mainstream | Universe has no beginning or end; continuous matter creation | Space expands, but new matter compensates | Modified GR, no singularity | Redshift, but inconsistent with CMB data |- | Plasma Cosmology | Non-mainstream | Universe shaped by electromagnetic forces; matter and plasma dominate | No singular expansion; ongoing large-scale interactions | Gravity secondary to EM forces | Some filamentary structures; lacks CMB match |- | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) | Non-mainstream | Universe expands as influx increases local mass-energy | Space is not expanding; matter grows | Gravity is emergent from energy influx | Galaxy redshift, predicted orbital structure |- | Quasi-Steady State Cosmology (QSSC) | Non-mainstream | Universe undergoes periodic mini-bangs superimposed on expansion | Continuous creation through “C-fields” during episodic expansions | Modified GR with additional scalar field | Large-scale structure, avoids singularity |- | Dynamic Universe (TUOMOV) | Non-mainstream | Absolute 4D time structure; all phenomena emerge from motion geometry | Apparent expansion from geometric evolution of zero-energy space | Gravity arises from geometric curvature in absolute space | Galaxy rotation, flatness, Hubble relation without dark energy |- | Dirac's G Variation Hypothesis | Non-mainstream | Fundamental constants vary over cosmic time; G decreases slowly | Expansion and aging linked through variable gravitational coupling | Gravity weakens over time, affecting cosmological evolution | Possible explanation for anomalies in ancient astronomical data |} == '''3.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' == These models will be evaluated on criteria including (but not limited to): Agreement with cosmic background radiation data Ability to account for galactic redshift Compatibility with observed structure formation Mathematical internal consistency Predictive power and testability Models are not dismissed a priori. Even non-mainstream theories can offer explanatory value, especially in unresolved domains. == '''3.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' == Researchers and readers are encouraged to suggest additional cosmological models for inclusion. These can be submitted via email to: [mailto:aitheroymapping@gmail.com aitheroymapping@gmail.com]. All serious proposals will be evaluated and added to the overview table, followed by AI-based comparative assessment. ---- '''Navigation:''' ---- ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 2: Gravity Theories – Comparison and Mapping|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution|Next ▶]]''' ' 878gfx05y0zlti1u5lkxtc9o3zpwj3e 2720088 2720087 2025-06-30T08:55:54Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 3.4 Theory Mapping Table */ Improved at CIT "Matter grows in an expanding universe" 2720088 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models''' = == '''3.1 Overview''' == This chapter investigates how different cosmological theories interpret the expansion, geometry, and structure of the universe. Expansion is a foundational concept in many cosmological models, but it is not interpreted uniformly. Some see it as a literal stretching of spacetime; others interpret it as apparent or emergent. We also examine whether the universe had a singular origin (e.g., Big Bang), has always existed, or is part of a cyclic or regenerative process. == '''3.2 Comparison Categories''' == For clarity, we group models into two broad categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': Widely supported by observational data and accepted within current scientific paradigms. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': Proposed alternatives that challenge standard assumptions or offer radically different mechanisms. We recognize that these boundaries are not always sharp. A theory may shift categories over time as evidence accumulates or perspectives change. Some non-mainstream models explore overlooked mechanisms or revive ideas that were once dismissed, offering fresh insights into cosmic evolution. === '''3.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' === Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories. These can be added directly to the Talk page or sent via email to: ''aitheroymapping@gmail.com'' All submissions will be included in the overview, mapped alongside other models, and evaluated using the same shared criteria outlined in Chapter 1.3. This open framework ensures that all theories — whether mainstream or alternative — receive fair and consistent analysis. === '''3.4 Theory Mapping Table''' === The table below maps mainstream and non-mainstream cosmological models according to several key dimensions: * Whether they assume a beginning (e.g., Big Bang) * How they interpret expansion * Whether they assume continuous creation, cyclic processes, or finite evolution * Their treatment of geometry and underlying mechanisms This map is not exhaustive but offers a visual guide to the diversity of cosmic expansion theories. {| class="wikitable" ! Model Name ! Type ! Summary ! Mechanism of Expansion ! Relation to Gravity ! Key Observations Explained |- | ΛCDM Model (Standard Cosmology) | Mainstream | Universe began with a Big Bang, expanding ever since | Dark energy (cosmological constant) drives acceleration | Based on General Relativity | Cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift |- | Steady State Theory | Non-mainstream | Universe has no beginning or end; continuous matter creation | Space expands, but new matter compensates | Modified GR, no singularity | Redshift, but inconsistent with CMB data |- | Plasma Cosmology | Non-mainstream | Universe shaped by electromagnetic forces; matter and plasma dominate | No singular expansion; ongoing large-scale interactions | Gravity secondary to EM forces | Some filamentary structures; lacks CMB match |- | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) | Non-mainstream | Universe expands as influx increases local mass-energy | Matter grows in an expanding universe | Gravity is emergent from energy influx | Galaxy redshift, predicted orbital structure |- | Quasi-Steady State Cosmology (QSSC) | Non-mainstream | Universe undergoes periodic mini-bangs superimposed on expansion | Continuous creation through “C-fields” during episodic expansions | Modified GR with additional scalar field | Large-scale structure, avoids singularity |- | Dynamic Universe (TUOMOV) | Non-mainstream | Absolute 4D time structure; all phenomena emerge from motion geometry | Apparent expansion from geometric evolution of zero-energy space | Gravity arises from geometric curvature in absolute space | Galaxy rotation, flatness, Hubble relation without dark energy |- | Dirac's G Variation Hypothesis | Non-mainstream | Fundamental constants vary over cosmic time; G decreases slowly | Expansion and aging linked through variable gravitational coupling | Gravity weakens over time, affecting cosmological evolution | Possible explanation for anomalies in ancient astronomical data |} == '''3.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' == These models will be evaluated on criteria including (but not limited to): Agreement with cosmic background radiation data Ability to account for galactic redshift Compatibility with observed structure formation Mathematical internal consistency Predictive power and testability Models are not dismissed a priori. Even non-mainstream theories can offer explanatory value, especially in unresolved domains. == '''3.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' == Researchers and readers are encouraged to suggest additional cosmological models for inclusion. These can be submitted via email to: [mailto:aitheroymapping@gmail.com aitheroymapping@gmail.com]. All serious proposals will be evaluated and added to the overview table, followed by AI-based comparative assessment. ---- '''Navigation:''' ---- ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 2: Gravity Theories – Comparison and Mapping|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution|Next ▶]]''' ' fhnas1vk1i3reinefxbjutaaa7qpds0 2720090 2720088 2025-06-30T09:42:22Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 3.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table */ minor change in this text about the criteria 2720090 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models''' = == '''3.1 Overview''' == This chapter investigates how different cosmological theories interpret the expansion, geometry, and structure of the universe. Expansion is a foundational concept in many cosmological models, but it is not interpreted uniformly. Some see it as a literal stretching of spacetime; others interpret it as apparent or emergent. We also examine whether the universe had a singular origin (e.g., Big Bang), has always existed, or is part of a cyclic or regenerative process. == '''3.2 Comparison Categories''' == For clarity, we group models into two broad categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': Widely supported by observational data and accepted within current scientific paradigms. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': Proposed alternatives that challenge standard assumptions or offer radically different mechanisms. We recognize that these boundaries are not always sharp. A theory may shift categories over time as evidence accumulates or perspectives change. Some non-mainstream models explore overlooked mechanisms or revive ideas that were once dismissed, offering fresh insights into cosmic evolution. === '''3.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' === Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories. These can be added directly to the Talk page or sent via email to: ''aitheroymapping@gmail.com'' All submissions will be included in the overview, mapped alongside other models, and evaluated using the same shared criteria outlined in Chapter 1.3. This open framework ensures that all theories — whether mainstream or alternative — receive fair and consistent analysis. === '''3.4 Theory Mapping Table''' === The table below maps mainstream and non-mainstream cosmological models according to several key dimensions: * Whether they assume a beginning (e.g., Big Bang) * How they interpret expansion * Whether they assume continuous creation, cyclic processes, or finite evolution * Their treatment of geometry and underlying mechanisms This map is not exhaustive but offers a visual guide to the diversity of cosmic expansion theories. {| class="wikitable" ! Model Name ! Type ! Summary ! Mechanism of Expansion ! Relation to Gravity ! Key Observations Explained |- | ΛCDM Model (Standard Cosmology) | Mainstream | Universe began with a Big Bang, expanding ever since | Dark energy (cosmological constant) drives acceleration | Based on General Relativity | Cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift |- | Steady State Theory | Non-mainstream | Universe has no beginning or end; continuous matter creation | Space expands, but new matter compensates | Modified GR, no singularity | Redshift, but inconsistent with CMB data |- | Plasma Cosmology | Non-mainstream | Universe shaped by electromagnetic forces; matter and plasma dominate | No singular expansion; ongoing large-scale interactions | Gravity secondary to EM forces | Some filamentary structures; lacks CMB match |- | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) | Non-mainstream | Universe expands as influx increases local mass-energy | Matter grows in an expanding universe | Gravity is emergent from energy influx | Galaxy redshift, predicted orbital structure |- | Quasi-Steady State Cosmology (QSSC) | Non-mainstream | Universe undergoes periodic mini-bangs superimposed on expansion | Continuous creation through “C-fields” during episodic expansions | Modified GR with additional scalar field | Large-scale structure, avoids singularity |- | Dynamic Universe (TUOMOV) | Non-mainstream | Absolute 4D time structure; all phenomena emerge from motion geometry | Apparent expansion from geometric evolution of zero-energy space | Gravity arises from geometric curvature in absolute space | Galaxy rotation, flatness, Hubble relation without dark energy |- | Dirac's G Variation Hypothesis | Non-mainstream | Fundamental constants vary over cosmic time; G decreases slowly | Expansion and aging linked through variable gravitational coupling | Gravity weakens over time, affecting cosmological evolution | Possible explanation for anomalies in ancient astronomical data |} === '''3.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' === The cosmological expansion theories presented in this chapter will be evaluated using the shared criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: List of Evaluation Criteria'''. These criteria include: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' – alignment with observed data * '''Internal Consistency''' – logical and mathematical coherence * '''Explanatory Power''' – ability to account for known phenomena * '''Predictive Strength''' – capacity to make testable predictions * '''Simplicity''' – conceptual and mathematical parsimony * '''Unifying Capacity''' – integration of diverse physical phenomena * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' – assumptions, ontology, and coherence The results of this evaluation will be presented in the next subsection ('''3.6''') using a table format and AI-assisted commentary. == '''3.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' == Researchers and readers are encouraged to suggest additional cosmological models for inclusion. These can be submitted via email to: [mailto:aitheroymapping@gmail.com aitheroymapping@gmail.com]. All serious proposals will be evaluated and added to the overview table, followed by AI-based comparative assessment. ---- '''Navigation:''' ---- ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 2: Gravity Theories – Comparison and Mapping|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution|Next ▶]]''' ' 7y6hnbn1kodaqaeetyc7kt9vx1xh09n 2720091 2720090 2025-06-30T09:49:37Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 3.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria */ inserted 2.6 with AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria 2720091 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models''' = == '''3.1 Overview''' == This chapter investigates how different cosmological theories interpret the expansion, geometry, and structure of the universe. Expansion is a foundational concept in many cosmological models, but it is not interpreted uniformly. Some see it as a literal stretching of spacetime; others interpret it as apparent or emergent. We also examine whether the universe had a singular origin (e.g., Big Bang), has always existed, or is part of a cyclic or regenerative process. == '''3.2 Comparison Categories''' == For clarity, we group models into two broad categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': Widely supported by observational data and accepted within current scientific paradigms. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': Proposed alternatives that challenge standard assumptions or offer radically different mechanisms. We recognize that these boundaries are not always sharp. A theory may shift categories over time as evidence accumulates or perspectives change. Some non-mainstream models explore overlooked mechanisms or revive ideas that were once dismissed, offering fresh insights into cosmic evolution. === '''3.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' === Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories. These can be added directly to the Talk page or sent via email to: ''aitheroymapping@gmail.com'' All submissions will be included in the overview, mapped alongside other models, and evaluated using the same shared criteria outlined in Chapter 1.3. This open framework ensures that all theories — whether mainstream or alternative — receive fair and consistent analysis. === '''3.4 Theory Mapping Table''' === The table below maps mainstream and non-mainstream cosmological models according to several key dimensions: * Whether they assume a beginning (e.g., Big Bang) * How they interpret expansion * Whether they assume continuous creation, cyclic processes, or finite evolution * Their treatment of geometry and underlying mechanisms This map is not exhaustive but offers a visual guide to the diversity of cosmic expansion theories. {| class="wikitable" ! Model Name ! Type ! Summary ! Mechanism of Expansion ! Relation to Gravity ! Key Observations Explained |- | ΛCDM Model (Standard Cosmology) | Mainstream | Universe began with a Big Bang, expanding ever since | Dark energy (cosmological constant) drives acceleration | Based on General Relativity | Cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift |- | Steady State Theory | Non-mainstream | Universe has no beginning or end; continuous matter creation | Space expands, but new matter compensates | Modified GR, no singularity | Redshift, but inconsistent with CMB data |- | Plasma Cosmology | Non-mainstream | Universe shaped by electromagnetic forces; matter and plasma dominate | No singular expansion; ongoing large-scale interactions | Gravity secondary to EM forces | Some filamentary structures; lacks CMB match |- | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) | Non-mainstream | Universe expands as influx increases local mass-energy | Matter grows in an expanding universe | Gravity is emergent from energy influx | Galaxy redshift, predicted orbital structure |- | Quasi-Steady State Cosmology (QSSC) | Non-mainstream | Universe undergoes periodic mini-bangs superimposed on expansion | Continuous creation through “C-fields” during episodic expansions | Modified GR with additional scalar field | Large-scale structure, avoids singularity |- | Dynamic Universe (TUOMOV) | Non-mainstream | Absolute 4D time structure; all phenomena emerge from motion geometry | Apparent expansion from geometric evolution of zero-energy space | Gravity arises from geometric curvature in absolute space | Galaxy rotation, flatness, Hubble relation without dark energy |- | Dirac's G Variation Hypothesis | Non-mainstream | Fundamental constants vary over cosmic time; G decreases slowly | Expansion and aging linked through variable gravitational coupling | Gravity weakens over time, affecting cosmological evolution | Possible explanation for anomalies in ancient astronomical data |} === '''3.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' === The cosmological expansion theories presented in this chapter will be evaluated using the shared criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: List of Evaluation Criteria'''. These criteria include: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' – alignment with observed data * '''Internal Consistency''' – logical and mathematical coherence * '''Explanatory Power''' – ability to account for known phenomena * '''Predictive Strength''' – capacity to make testable predictions * '''Simplicity''' – conceptual and mathematical parsimony * '''Unifying Capacity''' – integration of diverse physical phenomena * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' – assumptions, ontology, and coherence The results of this evaluation will be presented in the next subsection ('''3.6''') using a table format and AI-assisted commentary. === '''3.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' === The cosmological theories presented in this chapter — both mainstream and nonmainstream — have been organized and compared using the shared set of evaluation criteria (defined in '''Chapter 1.3''' and reiterated in '''3.5'''). These criteria include empirical adequacy, internal consistency, explanatory and predictive power, simplicity, unifying capacity, and philosophical clarity. Based on a comparative review, the following general observations emerge from an AI-assisted perspective: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' Mainstream models such as ΛCDM demonstrate strong alignment with observational data, especially the cosmic microwave background (CMB), redshift-distance relation, and large-scale structure. However, their reliance on dark energy and dark matter — neither of which have been directly detected — leaves open questions. Nonmainstream models like Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT), Quasi-Steady State Cosmology (QSSC), and Plasma Cosmology offer alternative explanations for some of the same data but lack the same breadth of observational support to date. * '''Internal Consistency''' Most mainstream models maintain formal mathematical consistency, especially through general relativity and the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric. Some nonmainstream theories (e.g., Dynamic Universe) propose internally consistent but unconventional geometries. Others (e.g., Plasma Cosmology) require reinterpretation of fundamental assumptions (such as gravity vs. electromagnetism dominance), which can introduce tension with known physics. * '''Explanatory and Predictive Power''' ΛCDM successfully explains a wide range of observations, including the formation of galaxies and CMB fluctuations. However, it does not predict the values of constants or explain the underlying cause of expansion. CIT and QSSC attempt to provide causal mechanisms for expansion (e.g., energy influx, cyclic mini-bangs), which increases their explanatory appeal, but these predictions are still undergoing validation. Plasma Cosmology and other EM-based theories predict large-scale filamentary structures but struggle to match detailed CMB data. * '''Simplicity''' While ΛCDM is mathematically elegant, its reliance on six or more parameters (some empirically fitted) complicates claims of simplicity. Nonmainstream models sometimes introduce new mechanisms (e.g., PEWs in CIT, C-fields in QSSC), which may be seen as less parsimonious unless these mechanisms unify broader phenomena. * '''Unifying Capacity''' ΛCDM integrates with general relativity and the standard model of particle physics but does not fully unify gravity and quantum mechanics. CIT seeks unification by linking cosmological expansion, planetary formation, and gravitational behavior through a single influx concept. The Dynamic Universe proposes a single absolute-geometric framework for all physical phenomena, which suggests strong unification potential if validated. Other models such as Plasma Cosmology emphasize electromagnetic coherence but do not yet bridge micro- and macro-physics comprehensively. * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' Mainstream models often avoid metaphysical speculation, focusing on measurable parameters. However, they rely on foundational assumptions (e.g., the cosmological principle, inflation, dark energy) that remain conceptually opaque. Some nonmainstream theories offer greater philosophical clarity or ambition — for instance, CIT's reinterpretation of space, time, and energy as dynamically emergent quantities — but such frameworks often challenge established ontologies and thus face epistemic resistance. Overall, this evaluation highlights the diverse approaches to explaining cosmic expansion. While ΛCDM remains dominant due to empirical fit and institutional support, alternative theories continue to probe foundational assumptions, offering both critique and inspiration for new lines of research. ---- '''Navigation:''' ---- ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 2: Gravity Theories – Comparison and Mapping|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution|Next ▶]]''' ' kom3f288qy6gktcztp76apak6wg1rii 2720092 2720091 2025-06-30T09:56:04Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 inserted 3.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Philosophical Tensions analysis by ChatGPT 2720092 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models''' = == '''3.1 Overview''' == This chapter investigates how different cosmological theories interpret the expansion, geometry, and structure of the universe. Expansion is a foundational concept in many cosmological models, but it is not interpreted uniformly. Some see it as a literal stretching of spacetime; others interpret it as apparent or emergent. We also examine whether the universe had a singular origin (e.g., Big Bang), has always existed, or is part of a cyclic or regenerative process. == '''3.2 Comparison Categories''' == For clarity, we group models into two broad categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': Widely supported by observational data and accepted within current scientific paradigms. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': Proposed alternatives that challenge standard assumptions or offer radically different mechanisms. We recognize that these boundaries are not always sharp. A theory may shift categories over time as evidence accumulates or perspectives change. Some non-mainstream models explore overlooked mechanisms or revive ideas that were once dismissed, offering fresh insights into cosmic evolution. === '''3.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' === Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories. These can be added directly to the Talk page or sent via email to: ''aitheroymapping@gmail.com'' All submissions will be included in the overview, mapped alongside other models, and evaluated using the same shared criteria outlined in Chapter 1.3. This open framework ensures that all theories — whether mainstream or alternative — receive fair and consistent analysis. === '''3.4 Theory Mapping Table''' === The table below maps mainstream and non-mainstream cosmological models according to several key dimensions: * Whether they assume a beginning (e.g., Big Bang) * How they interpret expansion * Whether they assume continuous creation, cyclic processes, or finite evolution * Their treatment of geometry and underlying mechanisms This map is not exhaustive but offers a visual guide to the diversity of cosmic expansion theories. {| class="wikitable" ! Model Name ! Type ! Summary ! Mechanism of Expansion ! Relation to Gravity ! Key Observations Explained |- | ΛCDM Model (Standard Cosmology) | Mainstream | Universe began with a Big Bang, expanding ever since | Dark energy (cosmological constant) drives acceleration | Based on General Relativity | Cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift |- | Steady State Theory | Non-mainstream | Universe has no beginning or end; continuous matter creation | Space expands, but new matter compensates | Modified GR, no singularity | Redshift, but inconsistent with CMB data |- | Plasma Cosmology | Non-mainstream | Universe shaped by electromagnetic forces; matter and plasma dominate | No singular expansion; ongoing large-scale interactions | Gravity secondary to EM forces | Some filamentary structures; lacks CMB match |- | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) | Non-mainstream | Universe expands as influx increases local mass-energy | Matter grows in an expanding universe | Gravity is emergent from energy influx | Galaxy redshift, predicted orbital structure |- | Quasi-Steady State Cosmology (QSSC) | Non-mainstream | Universe undergoes periodic mini-bangs superimposed on expansion | Continuous creation through “C-fields” during episodic expansions | Modified GR with additional scalar field | Large-scale structure, avoids singularity |- | Dynamic Universe (TUOMOV) | Non-mainstream | Absolute 4D time structure; all phenomena emerge from motion geometry | Apparent expansion from geometric evolution of zero-energy space | Gravity arises from geometric curvature in absolute space | Galaxy rotation, flatness, Hubble relation without dark energy |- | Dirac's G Variation Hypothesis | Non-mainstream | Fundamental constants vary over cosmic time; G decreases slowly | Expansion and aging linked through variable gravitational coupling | Gravity weakens over time, affecting cosmological evolution | Possible explanation for anomalies in ancient astronomical data |} === '''3.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' === The cosmological expansion theories presented in this chapter will be evaluated using the shared criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: List of Evaluation Criteria'''. These criteria include: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' – alignment with observed data * '''Internal Consistency''' – logical and mathematical coherence * '''Explanatory Power''' – ability to account for known phenomena * '''Predictive Strength''' – capacity to make testable predictions * '''Simplicity''' – conceptual and mathematical parsimony * '''Unifying Capacity''' – integration of diverse physical phenomena * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' – assumptions, ontology, and coherence The results of this evaluation will be presented in the next subsection ('''3.6''') using a table format and AI-assisted commentary. === '''3.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' === The cosmological theories presented in this chapter — both mainstream and nonmainstream — have been organized and compared using the shared set of evaluation criteria (defined in '''Chapter 1.3''' and reiterated in '''3.5'''). These criteria include empirical adequacy, internal consistency, explanatory and predictive power, simplicity, unifying capacity, and philosophical clarity. Based on a comparative review, the following general observations emerge from an AI-assisted perspective: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' Mainstream models such as ΛCDM demonstrate strong alignment with observational data, especially the cosmic microwave background (CMB), redshift-distance relation, and large-scale structure. However, their reliance on dark energy and dark matter — neither of which have been directly detected — leaves open questions. Nonmainstream models like Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT), Quasi-Steady State Cosmology (QSSC), and Plasma Cosmology offer alternative explanations for some of the same data but lack the same breadth of observational support to date. * '''Internal Consistency''' Most mainstream models maintain formal mathematical consistency, especially through general relativity and the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric. Some nonmainstream theories (e.g., Dynamic Universe) propose internally consistent but unconventional geometries. Others (e.g., Plasma Cosmology) require reinterpretation of fundamental assumptions (such as gravity vs. electromagnetism dominance), which can introduce tension with known physics. * '''Explanatory and Predictive Power''' ΛCDM successfully explains a wide range of observations, including the formation of galaxies and CMB fluctuations. However, it does not predict the values of constants or explain the underlying cause of expansion. CIT and QSSC attempt to provide causal mechanisms for expansion (e.g., energy influx, cyclic mini-bangs), which increases their explanatory appeal, but these predictions are still undergoing validation. Plasma Cosmology and other EM-based theories predict large-scale filamentary structures but struggle to match detailed CMB data. * '''Simplicity''' While ΛCDM is mathematically elegant, its reliance on six or more parameters (some empirically fitted) complicates claims of simplicity. Nonmainstream models sometimes introduce new mechanisms (e.g., PEWs in CIT, C-fields in QSSC), which may be seen as less parsimonious unless these mechanisms unify broader phenomena. * '''Unifying Capacity''' ΛCDM integrates with general relativity and the standard model of particle physics but does not fully unify gravity and quantum mechanics. CIT seeks unification by linking cosmological expansion, planetary formation, and gravitational behavior through a single influx concept. The Dynamic Universe proposes a single absolute-geometric framework for all physical phenomena, which suggests strong unification potential if validated. Other models such as Plasma Cosmology emphasize electromagnetic coherence but do not yet bridge micro- and macro-physics comprehensively. * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' Mainstream models often avoid metaphysical speculation, focusing on measurable parameters. However, they rely on foundational assumptions (e.g., the cosmological principle, inflation, dark energy) that remain conceptually opaque. Some nonmainstream theories offer greater philosophical clarity or ambition — for instance, CIT's reinterpretation of space, time, and energy as dynamically emergent quantities — but such frameworks often challenge established ontologies and thus face epistemic resistance. Overall, this evaluation highlights the diverse approaches to explaining cosmic expansion. While ΛCDM remains dominant due to empirical fit and institutional support, alternative theories continue to probe foundational assumptions, offering both critique and inspiration for new lines of research. === '''3.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Philosophical Tensions''' === From an AI-assisted perspective, the treatment of cosmic expansion theories in scientific literature and institutions reveals both clear patterns and deeper philosophical tensions. Mainstream models — especially the ΛCDM framework — benefit from broad institutional support, integration with high-precision observations (e.g., Planck CMB data), and consistency with the formal structure of general relativity. However, they rely on entities like '''dark matter''', '''dark energy''', and '''inflation''' that remain '''empirically unverified''' in direct experiments. Despite these open questions, alternative models are often marginalized, not necessarily because of weaker logical structures, but due to their '''incompatibility with prevailing paradigms''' or lack of immediate testability within existing infrastructure. Nonmainstream theories such as the '''Quasi-Steady State Cosmology''', '''Plasma Cosmology''', and '''Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT)''' attempt to address these gaps by introducing '''novel mechanisms''' (e.g., cyclic regeneration, electromagnetic scaffolding, or energy influx). Yet these efforts often face dismissal or neglect, especially when they challenge core assumptions like metric expansion, the Big Bang singularity, or the constancy of physical laws. This reflects a broader philosophical inertia: once a theory is widely accepted, the burden of proof shifts asymmetrically against challengers. A recurring philosophical divide concerns whether expansion is: * A '''physical stretching of spacetime''', as in the FLRW metric; * An '''emergent or apparent phenomenon''', as argued in CIT or the Dynamic Universe; * Or even an '''illusion born from changes in energy-mass density''', as proposed by variable-G or mass-growth models. This divergence reflects competing ontologies: one grounded in '''relativistic geometry''', the other in '''process-based evolution''' of mass-energy distributions. Furthermore, the role of '''continuous creation''' or '''mass growth''' is largely taboo in mainstream cosmology, despite historical precedent in steady state theories. These concepts, while difficult to test, attempt to restore philosophical continuity — avoiding singular origins, and proposing an evolving, regenerative cosmos. In conclusion, while mainstream expansion theories dominate the academic field, they do so with conceptual tensions still unresolved. Alternative models challenge these foundations and offer fresh, if speculative, perspectives. A truly open scientific process must remain attentive not only to empirical data, but to the '''philosophical framing''' that determines which questions are even allowed to be asked. ---- '''Navigation:''' ---- ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 2: Gravity Theories – Comparison and Mapping|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution|Next ▶]]''' ' 03t83oo4nxixcwjokswbs6l6ntamxfe 2720093 2720092 2025-06-30T09:58:20Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models */ add 3.8 Next Steps 2720093 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models''' = == '''3.1 Overview''' == This chapter investigates how different cosmological theories interpret the expansion, geometry, and structure of the universe. Expansion is a foundational concept in many cosmological models, but it is not interpreted uniformly. Some see it as a literal stretching of spacetime; others interpret it as apparent or emergent. We also examine whether the universe had a singular origin (e.g., Big Bang), has always existed, or is part of a cyclic or regenerative process. == '''3.2 Comparison Categories''' == For clarity, we group models into two broad categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': Widely supported by observational data and accepted within current scientific paradigms. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': Proposed alternatives that challenge standard assumptions or offer radically different mechanisms. We recognize that these boundaries are not always sharp. A theory may shift categories over time as evidence accumulates or perspectives change. Some non-mainstream models explore overlooked mechanisms or revive ideas that were once dismissed, offering fresh insights into cosmic evolution. === '''3.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' === Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories. These can be added directly to the Talk page or sent via email to: ''aitheroymapping@gmail.com'' All submissions will be included in the overview, mapped alongside other models, and evaluated using the same shared criteria outlined in Chapter 1.3. This open framework ensures that all theories — whether mainstream or alternative — receive fair and consistent analysis. === '''3.4 Theory Mapping Table''' === The table below maps mainstream and non-mainstream cosmological models according to several key dimensions: * Whether they assume a beginning (e.g., Big Bang) * How they interpret expansion * Whether they assume continuous creation, cyclic processes, or finite evolution * Their treatment of geometry and underlying mechanisms This map is not exhaustive but offers a visual guide to the diversity of cosmic expansion theories. {| class="wikitable" ! Model Name ! Type ! Summary ! Mechanism of Expansion ! Relation to Gravity ! Key Observations Explained |- | ΛCDM Model (Standard Cosmology) | Mainstream | Universe began with a Big Bang, expanding ever since | Dark energy (cosmological constant) drives acceleration | Based on General Relativity | Cosmic microwave background, galaxy redshift |- | Steady State Theory | Non-mainstream | Universe has no beginning or end; continuous matter creation | Space expands, but new matter compensates | Modified GR, no singularity | Redshift, but inconsistent with CMB data |- | Plasma Cosmology | Non-mainstream | Universe shaped by electromagnetic forces; matter and plasma dominate | No singular expansion; ongoing large-scale interactions | Gravity secondary to EM forces | Some filamentary structures; lacks CMB match |- | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) | Non-mainstream | Universe expands as influx increases local mass-energy | Matter grows in an expanding universe | Gravity is emergent from energy influx | Galaxy redshift, predicted orbital structure |- | Quasi-Steady State Cosmology (QSSC) | Non-mainstream | Universe undergoes periodic mini-bangs superimposed on expansion | Continuous creation through “C-fields” during episodic expansions | Modified GR with additional scalar field | Large-scale structure, avoids singularity |- | Dynamic Universe (TUOMOV) | Non-mainstream | Absolute 4D time structure; all phenomena emerge from motion geometry | Apparent expansion from geometric evolution of zero-energy space | Gravity arises from geometric curvature in absolute space | Galaxy rotation, flatness, Hubble relation without dark energy |- | Dirac's G Variation Hypothesis | Non-mainstream | Fundamental constants vary over cosmic time; G decreases slowly | Expansion and aging linked through variable gravitational coupling | Gravity weakens over time, affecting cosmological evolution | Possible explanation for anomalies in ancient astronomical data |} === '''3.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' === The cosmological expansion theories presented in this chapter will be evaluated using the shared criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: List of Evaluation Criteria'''. These criteria include: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' – alignment with observed data * '''Internal Consistency''' – logical and mathematical coherence * '''Explanatory Power''' – ability to account for known phenomena * '''Predictive Strength''' – capacity to make testable predictions * '''Simplicity''' – conceptual and mathematical parsimony * '''Unifying Capacity''' – integration of diverse physical phenomena * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' – assumptions, ontology, and coherence The results of this evaluation will be presented in the next subsection ('''3.6''') using a table format and AI-assisted commentary. === '''3.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' === The cosmological theories presented in this chapter — both mainstream and nonmainstream — have been organized and compared using the shared set of evaluation criteria (defined in '''Chapter 1.3''' and reiterated in '''3.5'''). These criteria include empirical adequacy, internal consistency, explanatory and predictive power, simplicity, unifying capacity, and philosophical clarity. Based on a comparative review, the following general observations emerge from an AI-assisted perspective: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' Mainstream models such as ΛCDM demonstrate strong alignment with observational data, especially the cosmic microwave background (CMB), redshift-distance relation, and large-scale structure. However, their reliance on dark energy and dark matter — neither of which have been directly detected — leaves open questions. Nonmainstream models like Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT), Quasi-Steady State Cosmology (QSSC), and Plasma Cosmology offer alternative explanations for some of the same data but lack the same breadth of observational support to date. * '''Internal Consistency''' Most mainstream models maintain formal mathematical consistency, especially through general relativity and the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric. Some nonmainstream theories (e.g., Dynamic Universe) propose internally consistent but unconventional geometries. Others (e.g., Plasma Cosmology) require reinterpretation of fundamental assumptions (such as gravity vs. electromagnetism dominance), which can introduce tension with known physics. * '''Explanatory and Predictive Power''' ΛCDM successfully explains a wide range of observations, including the formation of galaxies and CMB fluctuations. However, it does not predict the values of constants or explain the underlying cause of expansion. CIT and QSSC attempt to provide causal mechanisms for expansion (e.g., energy influx, cyclic mini-bangs), which increases their explanatory appeal, but these predictions are still undergoing validation. Plasma Cosmology and other EM-based theories predict large-scale filamentary structures but struggle to match detailed CMB data. * '''Simplicity''' While ΛCDM is mathematically elegant, its reliance on six or more parameters (some empirically fitted) complicates claims of simplicity. Nonmainstream models sometimes introduce new mechanisms (e.g., PEWs in CIT, C-fields in QSSC), which may be seen as less parsimonious unless these mechanisms unify broader phenomena. * '''Unifying Capacity''' ΛCDM integrates with general relativity and the standard model of particle physics but does not fully unify gravity and quantum mechanics. CIT seeks unification by linking cosmological expansion, planetary formation, and gravitational behavior through a single influx concept. The Dynamic Universe proposes a single absolute-geometric framework for all physical phenomena, which suggests strong unification potential if validated. Other models such as Plasma Cosmology emphasize electromagnetic coherence but do not yet bridge micro- and macro-physics comprehensively. * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' Mainstream models often avoid metaphysical speculation, focusing on measurable parameters. However, they rely on foundational assumptions (e.g., the cosmological principle, inflation, dark energy) that remain conceptually opaque. Some nonmainstream theories offer greater philosophical clarity or ambition — for instance, CIT's reinterpretation of space, time, and energy as dynamically emergent quantities — but such frameworks often challenge established ontologies and thus face epistemic resistance. Overall, this evaluation highlights the diverse approaches to explaining cosmic expansion. While ΛCDM remains dominant due to empirical fit and institutional support, alternative theories continue to probe foundational assumptions, offering both critique and inspiration for new lines of research. === '''3.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Philosophical Tensions''' === From an AI-assisted perspective, the treatment of cosmic expansion theories in scientific literature and institutions reveals both clear patterns and deeper philosophical tensions. Mainstream models — especially the ΛCDM framework — benefit from broad institutional support, integration with high-precision observations (e.g., Planck CMB data), and consistency with the formal structure of general relativity. However, they rely on entities like '''dark matter''', '''dark energy''', and '''inflation''' that remain '''empirically unverified''' in direct experiments. Despite these open questions, alternative models are often marginalized, not necessarily because of weaker logical structures, but due to their '''incompatibility with prevailing paradigms''' or lack of immediate testability within existing infrastructure. Nonmainstream theories such as the '''Quasi-Steady State Cosmology''', '''Plasma Cosmology''', and '''Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT)''' attempt to address these gaps by introducing '''novel mechanisms''' (e.g., cyclic regeneration, electromagnetic scaffolding, or energy influx). Yet these efforts often face dismissal or neglect, especially when they challenge core assumptions like metric expansion, the Big Bang singularity, or the constancy of physical laws. This reflects a broader philosophical inertia: once a theory is widely accepted, the burden of proof shifts asymmetrically against challengers. A recurring philosophical divide concerns whether expansion is: * A '''physical stretching of spacetime''', as in the FLRW metric; * An '''emergent or apparent phenomenon''', as argued in CIT or the Dynamic Universe; * Or even an '''illusion born from changes in energy-mass density''', as proposed by variable-G or mass-growth models. This divergence reflects competing ontologies: one grounded in '''relativistic geometry''', the other in '''process-based evolution''' of mass-energy distributions. Furthermore, the role of '''continuous creation''' or '''mass growth''' is largely taboo in mainstream cosmology, despite historical precedent in steady state theories. These concepts, while difficult to test, attempt to restore philosophical continuity — avoiding singular origins, and proposing an evolving, regenerative cosmos. In conclusion, while mainstream expansion theories dominate the academic field, they do so with conceptual tensions still unresolved. Alternative models challenge these foundations and offer fresh, if speculative, perspectives. A truly open scientific process must remain attentive not only to empirical data, but to the '''philosophical framing''' that determines which questions are even allowed to be asked. === '''3.8 Next Steps''' === The next chapter will explore competing cosmological models more broadly, moving beyond gravity and expansion alone. We will examine how different theories describe the origin, structure, and fate of the universe — including steady-state models, cyclic universes, and various inflationary or regenerative frameworks. Contributors are encouraged to: * Propose new or overlooked cosmological models related to expansion * Improve the existing theory descriptions in this chapter * Suggest observational tests or falsifiability criteria for any of the models All contributions will be evaluated using the shared criteria defined in Chapter 1.3. The goal is to foster an open, structured, and comparative framework for ongoing cosmological investigation. ---- '''Navigation:''' ---- ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 2: Gravity Theories – Comparison and Mapping|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution|Next ▶]]''' ' h6kglkj32zqhg1mbhr8cu3yo78qxsor 0 322141 2720094 2719757 2025-06-30T10:14:54Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution */ made new subsection titles and numbers for each subsection in accordance with the structure of chapter 2 and chapter 3 2720094 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution''' = == '''4.1 Purpose – Overview of Planetary Formation Concepts''' == This chapter addresses the mechanisms by which planets form from disks of gas and dust, including ring formation, migration processes, and system evolution. It explores both established models and innovative approaches, focusing on the observed diversity in planetary systems. == '''4.2 Scope – Mainstream and Non-mainstream Theories''' == The chapter includes: Models of protoplanetary disk formation and fragmentation Theories of ring and gap structures Processes of planetary migration and accretion Observational evidence from telescopes (e.g. ALMA, JWST) Innovative alternatives to classical accretion theories == '''4.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' == Contributors may add new models, observations, or challenges to existing theories. Suggestions are welcome on the Talk page or by email to: '''aitheroymapping@gmail.com'''. Submissions will be evaluated by ChatGPT using shared criteria and included regardless of their status in the mainstream literature. == '''4.4 Theory Mapping Table''' == {| class="wikitable" ! Model or Concept ! Type ! Summary ! Relevance to Observations ! Relation to Gravity or Influx |- | Core Accretion Model | Mainstream | Planets form by gradual accumulation of solids and gas | Matches observed gas giants and inner rocky planets | Works within Newtonian/GR gravity |- | Disk Instability Model | Mainstream | Gravitational instabilities in the disk rapidly form gas giants | Explains massive planets at large distances | Requires dense disks and efficient cooling |- | Ring Formation and Preferred Distances (e.g. CIT) | Non-mainstream | Rings emerge in disks at predictable distances where mass concentrates | Explains gaps and giant planets in structured disks | Influx theory predicts preferred mass zones |- | Planetary Migration Models | Mainstream | Planets shift position after formation due to disk interactions | Explains hot Jupiters and resonant chains | Based on standard gravitational torques |- | Vortices and Dust Traps (e.g. Oph-IRS 48) | Non-mainstream | Localized vortices capture dust, aiding planet formation | Matches asymmetric dust concentrations | May arise from flow instabilities, not pure gravity |} == '''4.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' == == '''4.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' == == '''4.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Emerging Tensions''' == == '''4.8 Next Steps''' == Expand table with more models and case studies (e.g. HD 163296, GW Orionis) Link planetary formation to disk dynamics and gravitational models Discuss implications for planetary system architecture ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 5: Geological Clues and Planetary Growth|Next ▶]]''' caotlmi3nhllfs19swdtbvk3mep75zd 2720095 2720094 2025-06-30T10:17:56Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 4.1 Purpose – Overview of Planetary Formation Concepts */ replaced the content for 4.1 Purpose – Overview of Planetary Formation Concepts based on following the content structure in chapter 2 nd 3 2720095 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution''' = === '''4.1 Purpose – Overview of Planetary Formation Concepts''' === This chapter investigates how different scientific theories explain the origin and evolution of planetary systems. Central questions include: How do protoplanetary disks evolve? What mechanisms lead to the formation of planets, moons, and rings? What determines the distribution, composition, and orbits of celestial bodies? Traditional models focus on accretion within a rotating disk of gas and dust. However, alternative theories propose electromagnetic structuring, influx-driven aggregation, or even mass growth over time. Observations of protoplanetary disks and exoplanet systems — particularly from ALMA and JWST — continue to refine our understanding. This chapter maps mainstream and non-mainstream theories of planetary formation, evaluates their explanatory power, and identifies key areas for further research and testing. == '''4.2 Scope – Mainstream and Non-mainstream Theories''' == The chapter includes: Models of protoplanetary disk formation and fragmentation Theories of ring and gap structures Processes of planetary migration and accretion Observational evidence from telescopes (e.g. ALMA, JWST) Innovative alternatives to classical accretion theories == '''4.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' == Contributors may add new models, observations, or challenges to existing theories. Suggestions are welcome on the Talk page or by email to: '''aitheroymapping@gmail.com'''. Submissions will be evaluated by ChatGPT using shared criteria and included regardless of their status in the mainstream literature. == '''4.4 Theory Mapping Table''' == {| class="wikitable" ! Model or Concept ! Type ! Summary ! Relevance to Observations ! Relation to Gravity or Influx |- | Core Accretion Model | Mainstream | Planets form by gradual accumulation of solids and gas | Matches observed gas giants and inner rocky planets | Works within Newtonian/GR gravity |- | Disk Instability Model | Mainstream | Gravitational instabilities in the disk rapidly form gas giants | Explains massive planets at large distances | Requires dense disks and efficient cooling |- | Ring Formation and Preferred Distances (e.g. CIT) | Non-mainstream | Rings emerge in disks at predictable distances where mass concentrates | Explains gaps and giant planets in structured disks | Influx theory predicts preferred mass zones |- | Planetary Migration Models | Mainstream | Planets shift position after formation due to disk interactions | Explains hot Jupiters and resonant chains | Based on standard gravitational torques |- | Vortices and Dust Traps (e.g. Oph-IRS 48) | Non-mainstream | Localized vortices capture dust, aiding planet formation | Matches asymmetric dust concentrations | May arise from flow instabilities, not pure gravity |} == '''4.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' == == '''4.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' == == '''4.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Emerging Tensions''' == == '''4.8 Next Steps''' == Expand table with more models and case studies (e.g. HD 163296, GW Orionis) Link planetary formation to disk dynamics and gravitational models Discuss implications for planetary system architecture ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 5: Geological Clues and Planetary Growth|Next ▶]]''' 4xdamh8tufecs4ya0u6he60vfqvx4ta 2720096 2720095 2025-06-30T10:20:09Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 4.2 Scope – Mainstream and Non-mainstream Theories */ new text for this subsection 2720096 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution''' = === '''4.1 Purpose – Overview of Planetary Formation Concepts''' === This chapter investigates how different scientific theories explain the origin and evolution of planetary systems. Central questions include: How do protoplanetary disks evolve? What mechanisms lead to the formation of planets, moons, and rings? What determines the distribution, composition, and orbits of celestial bodies? Traditional models focus on accretion within a rotating disk of gas and dust. However, alternative theories propose electromagnetic structuring, influx-driven aggregation, or even mass growth over time. Observations of protoplanetary disks and exoplanet systems — particularly from ALMA and JWST — continue to refine our understanding. This chapter maps mainstream and non-mainstream theories of planetary formation, evaluates their explanatory power, and identifies key areas for further research and testing. === '''4.2 Scope – Mainstream and Non-mainstream Theories''' === Theories of planetary formation can be broadly grouped into two categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': These models are widely accepted in academic literature and supported by high-resolution observations and simulations. They include the nebular hypothesis, core accretion model, and disk instability theory. Such models typically assume a gravitationally bound disk of gas and dust evolving under Newtonian or relativistic dynamics. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': These models challenge or extend the assumptions of mainstream frameworks. They include theories that invoke directed energy influx, mass growth over time, electromagnetic structuring of matter, or cosmological context beyond local disk dynamics. The boundary between these categories is not fixed. As new observational data emerges — especially from instruments like ALMA and JWST — some alternative models gain relevance or find partial confirmation. Conversely, unresolved anomalies may prompt re-examination of established assumptions. This chapter offers space for both types of theories to be presented, analyzed, and improved within a common framework. == '''4.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' == Contributors may add new models, observations, or challenges to existing theories. Suggestions are welcome on the Talk page or by email to: '''aitheroymapping@gmail.com'''. Submissions will be evaluated by ChatGPT using shared criteria and included regardless of their status in the mainstream literature. == '''4.4 Theory Mapping Table''' == {| class="wikitable" ! Model or Concept ! Type ! Summary ! Relevance to Observations ! Relation to Gravity or Influx |- | Core Accretion Model | Mainstream | Planets form by gradual accumulation of solids and gas | Matches observed gas giants and inner rocky planets | Works within Newtonian/GR gravity |- | Disk Instability Model | Mainstream | Gravitational instabilities in the disk rapidly form gas giants | Explains massive planets at large distances | Requires dense disks and efficient cooling |- | Ring Formation and Preferred Distances (e.g. CIT) | Non-mainstream | Rings emerge in disks at predictable distances where mass concentrates | Explains gaps and giant planets in structured disks | Influx theory predicts preferred mass zones |- | Planetary Migration Models | Mainstream | Planets shift position after formation due to disk interactions | Explains hot Jupiters and resonant chains | Based on standard gravitational torques |- | Vortices and Dust Traps (e.g. Oph-IRS 48) | Non-mainstream | Localized vortices capture dust, aiding planet formation | Matches asymmetric dust concentrations | May arise from flow instabilities, not pure gravity |} == '''4.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' == == '''4.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' == == '''4.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Emerging Tensions''' == == '''4.8 Next Steps''' == Expand table with more models and case studies (e.g. HD 163296, GW Orionis) Link planetary formation to disk dynamics and gravitational models Discuss implications for planetary system architecture ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 5: Geological Clues and Planetary Growth|Next ▶]]''' iq5qiqxyvcmnoxy5o9ppzfw3lei7gt2 2720098 2720096 2025-06-30T10:21:45Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 4.3 How to Contribute a Theory */ new text for tis subsection with small differences 2720098 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution''' = === '''4.1 Purpose – Overview of Planetary Formation Concepts''' === This chapter investigates how different scientific theories explain the origin and evolution of planetary systems. Central questions include: How do protoplanetary disks evolve? What mechanisms lead to the formation of planets, moons, and rings? What determines the distribution, composition, and orbits of celestial bodies? Traditional models focus on accretion within a rotating disk of gas and dust. However, alternative theories propose electromagnetic structuring, influx-driven aggregation, or even mass growth over time. Observations of protoplanetary disks and exoplanet systems — particularly from ALMA and JWST — continue to refine our understanding. This chapter maps mainstream and non-mainstream theories of planetary formation, evaluates their explanatory power, and identifies key areas for further research and testing. === '''4.2 Scope – Mainstream and Non-mainstream Theories''' === Theories of planetary formation can be broadly grouped into two categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': These models are widely accepted in academic literature and supported by high-resolution observations and simulations. They include the nebular hypothesis, core accretion model, and disk instability theory. Such models typically assume a gravitationally bound disk of gas and dust evolving under Newtonian or relativistic dynamics. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': These models challenge or extend the assumptions of mainstream frameworks. They include theories that invoke directed energy influx, mass growth over time, electromagnetic structuring of matter, or cosmological context beyond local disk dynamics. The boundary between these categories is not fixed. As new observational data emerges — especially from instruments like ALMA and JWST — some alternative models gain relevance or find partial confirmation. Conversely, unresolved anomalies may prompt re-examination of established assumptions. This chapter offers space for both types of theories to be presented, analyzed, and improved within a common framework. === '''4.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' === Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories of planetary formation and system evolution. Submissions may include observational insights, mathematical models, conceptual frameworks, or hybrid approaches. You can contribute in either of the following ways: * Post directly on the '''Talk page''' of this chapter * Or email your proposal to: '''aitheroymapping@gmail.com''' All submitted theories will be added to the mapping and evaluated using the shared criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: Evaluation Criteria'''. We encourage both mainstream and non-mainstream contributors to join this open effort to compare and improve our understanding of planetary system development. == '''4.4 Theory Mapping Table''' == {| class="wikitable" ! Model or Concept ! Type ! Summary ! Relevance to Observations ! Relation to Gravity or Influx |- | Core Accretion Model | Mainstream | Planets form by gradual accumulation of solids and gas | Matches observed gas giants and inner rocky planets | Works within Newtonian/GR gravity |- | Disk Instability Model | Mainstream | Gravitational instabilities in the disk rapidly form gas giants | Explains massive planets at large distances | Requires dense disks and efficient cooling |- | Ring Formation and Preferred Distances (e.g. CIT) | Non-mainstream | Rings emerge in disks at predictable distances where mass concentrates | Explains gaps and giant planets in structured disks | Influx theory predicts preferred mass zones |- | Planetary Migration Models | Mainstream | Planets shift position after formation due to disk interactions | Explains hot Jupiters and resonant chains | Based on standard gravitational torques |- | Vortices and Dust Traps (e.g. Oph-IRS 48) | Non-mainstream | Localized vortices capture dust, aiding planet formation | Matches asymmetric dust concentrations | May arise from flow instabilities, not pure gravity |} == '''4.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' == == '''4.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' == == '''4.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Emerging Tensions''' == == '''4.8 Next Steps''' == Expand table with more models and case studies (e.g. HD 163296, GW Orionis) Link planetary formation to disk dynamics and gravitational models Discuss implications for planetary system architecture ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 5: Geological Clues and Planetary Growth|Next ▶]]''' olvt5n39ebdaocu915904w6pza92zph 2720099 2720098 2025-06-30T10:33:17Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 4.4 Theory Mapping Table */ inserted a new Table with more relevant theories 2720099 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution''' = === '''4.1 Purpose – Overview of Planetary Formation Concepts''' === This chapter investigates how different scientific theories explain the origin and evolution of planetary systems. Central questions include: How do protoplanetary disks evolve? What mechanisms lead to the formation of planets, moons, and rings? What determines the distribution, composition, and orbits of celestial bodies? Traditional models focus on accretion within a rotating disk of gas and dust. However, alternative theories propose electromagnetic structuring, influx-driven aggregation, or even mass growth over time. Observations of protoplanetary disks and exoplanet systems — particularly from ALMA and JWST — continue to refine our understanding. This chapter maps mainstream and non-mainstream theories of planetary formation, evaluates their explanatory power, and identifies key areas for further research and testing. === '''4.2 Scope – Mainstream and Non-mainstream Theories''' === Theories of planetary formation can be broadly grouped into two categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': These models are widely accepted in academic literature and supported by high-resolution observations and simulations. They include the nebular hypothesis, core accretion model, and disk instability theory. Such models typically assume a gravitationally bound disk of gas and dust evolving under Newtonian or relativistic dynamics. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': These models challenge or extend the assumptions of mainstream frameworks. They include theories that invoke directed energy influx, mass growth over time, electromagnetic structuring of matter, or cosmological context beyond local disk dynamics. The boundary between these categories is not fixed. As new observational data emerges — especially from instruments like ALMA and JWST — some alternative models gain relevance or find partial confirmation. Conversely, unresolved anomalies may prompt re-examination of established assumptions. This chapter offers space for both types of theories to be presented, analyzed, and improved within a common framework. === '''4.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' === Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories of planetary formation and system evolution. Submissions may include observational insights, mathematical models, conceptual frameworks, or hybrid approaches. You can contribute in either of the following ways: * Post directly on the '''Talk page''' of this chapter * Or email your proposal to: '''aitheroymapping@gmail.com''' All submitted theories will be added to the mapping and evaluated using the shared criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: Evaluation Criteria'''. We encourage both mainstream and non-mainstream contributors to join this open effort to compare and improve our understanding of planetary system development. === '''4.4 Theory Mapping Table''' === The following table presents a structured overview of theories describing planetary formation and system evolution. It includes both well-established mainstream models and non-mainstream alternatives that propose different mechanisms. Each theory is briefly characterized by its formation process, key mechanisms, and observational relevance. {| class="wikitable" ! Theory Name !! Category !! Mechanism Summary !! Key Features !! Observational Relevance |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Core Accretion || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Dust grains coalesce into planetesimals, which grow via collisions and gravitational attraction || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains terrestrial planets and gas giants; slow growth timescales || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Supported by simulations; matches Solar System formation |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_formation#Core_accretion_model Core Accretion Model – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Disk Instability || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Dense regions of the disk collapse directly under self-gravity into gas giants || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Fast formation timescale; explains wide-orbit gas giants || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Matches some exoplanet distributions and brown dwarfs |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_formation#Disk_instability_model Disk Instability – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Pebble Accretion || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Small particles (“pebbles”) are rapidly accreted onto growing cores via drag-assisted capture || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Resolves growth-time problem; efficient in outer disks || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Supported by ALMA observations of dust substructure |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble_accretion Pebble Accretion – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Streaming Instability || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Dust particles cluster due to aerodynamic drag and mutual feedback, leading to rapid collapse || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Explains initial planetesimal formation; self-consistent with disk physics || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Matches simulations and dust clumping seen in ALMA data |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_instability Streaming Instability – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Electromagnetic Nebula Concepts || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Magnetic and electric fields shape disk structure and help organize matter || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Offers structured alternatives to gravitational-only models || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains filaments, rings, and possibly dust traps |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2015/09/23/planetary-birthing-in-electrical-cosmos/ Thunderbolts – Planetary Birthing Concepts] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Influx-Driven Aggregation || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Energy influx increases local density, triggering mass aggregation || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Interprets planet formation as energy-structured rather than accretion-based || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Aligns with early ring structures seen in ALMA disks |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://chat.openai.com/share/08a0e0d2-0171-419b-94f3-0ec1c9c8ba4c Influx-Driven Aggregation – ChatGPT Session] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) – Planetary Application || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Preferred rings form in protoplanetary disks at distances proportional to central star mass || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Predicts planet formation at fixed Preferred Distances (Dₚᵣₑf); continuous mass influx || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Matches observed ring gaps and exoplanet concentrations |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Cosmic_Influx_Theory Cosmic Influx Theory – Wikiversity Page] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Magnetic Grand Design || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Large-scale magnetic fields organize angular momentum and structure during early disk evolution || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Explains symmetry in spiral arms and inner disk structuring || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Under investigation via polarized ALMA observations |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MNRAS.467.1314K/ Magnetic Grand Design – Kotarba et al. (2017)] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Le Sage-like Aggregation || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Directional particle fluxes (Le Sage-type) cause shadowing effects that pull matter together || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains attraction without curvature or force; basis for influx models || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Conceptual foundation for CIT and earlier corpuscular theories |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Sage%27s_theory_of_gravitation Le Sage’s Theory of Gravitation – Wikipedia] |} ''Note: The inclusion of mainstream and non-mainstream theories reflects the open and comparative structure of this project. Contributions are welcome.'' == '''4.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' == == '''4.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' == == '''4.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Emerging Tensions''' == == '''4.8 Next Steps''' == Expand table with more models and case studies (e.g. HD 163296, GW Orionis) Link planetary formation to disk dynamics and gravitational models Discuss implications for planetary system architecture ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 5: Geological Clues and Planetary Growth|Next ▶]]''' 9a4xcvsr4sr6fwlcho0jchn98w47n7u 2720100 2720099 2025-06-30T10:37:23Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 4.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table */ insert 4.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table 2720100 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution''' = === '''4.1 Purpose – Overview of Planetary Formation Concepts''' === This chapter investigates how different scientific theories explain the origin and evolution of planetary systems. Central questions include: How do protoplanetary disks evolve? What mechanisms lead to the formation of planets, moons, and rings? What determines the distribution, composition, and orbits of celestial bodies? Traditional models focus on accretion within a rotating disk of gas and dust. However, alternative theories propose electromagnetic structuring, influx-driven aggregation, or even mass growth over time. Observations of protoplanetary disks and exoplanet systems — particularly from ALMA and JWST — continue to refine our understanding. This chapter maps mainstream and non-mainstream theories of planetary formation, evaluates their explanatory power, and identifies key areas for further research and testing. === '''4.2 Scope – Mainstream and Non-mainstream Theories''' === Theories of planetary formation can be broadly grouped into two categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': These models are widely accepted in academic literature and supported by high-resolution observations and simulations. They include the nebular hypothesis, core accretion model, and disk instability theory. Such models typically assume a gravitationally bound disk of gas and dust evolving under Newtonian or relativistic dynamics. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': These models challenge or extend the assumptions of mainstream frameworks. They include theories that invoke directed energy influx, mass growth over time, electromagnetic structuring of matter, or cosmological context beyond local disk dynamics. The boundary between these categories is not fixed. As new observational data emerges — especially from instruments like ALMA and JWST — some alternative models gain relevance or find partial confirmation. Conversely, unresolved anomalies may prompt re-examination of established assumptions. This chapter offers space for both types of theories to be presented, analyzed, and improved within a common framework. === '''4.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' === Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories of planetary formation and system evolution. Submissions may include observational insights, mathematical models, conceptual frameworks, or hybrid approaches. You can contribute in either of the following ways: * Post directly on the '''Talk page''' of this chapter * Or email your proposal to: '''aitheroymapping@gmail.com''' All submitted theories will be added to the mapping and evaluated using the shared criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: Evaluation Criteria'''. We encourage both mainstream and non-mainstream contributors to join this open effort to compare and improve our understanding of planetary system development. === '''4.4 Theory Mapping Table''' === The following table presents a structured overview of theories describing planetary formation and system evolution. It includes both well-established mainstream models and non-mainstream alternatives that propose different mechanisms. Each theory is briefly characterized by its formation process, key mechanisms, and observational relevance. {| class="wikitable" ! Theory Name !! Category !! Mechanism Summary !! Key Features !! Observational Relevance |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Core Accretion || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Dust grains coalesce into planetesimals, which grow via collisions and gravitational attraction || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains terrestrial planets and gas giants; slow growth timescales || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Supported by simulations; matches Solar System formation |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_formation#Core_accretion_model Core Accretion Model – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Disk Instability || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Dense regions of the disk collapse directly under self-gravity into gas giants || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Fast formation timescale; explains wide-orbit gas giants || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Matches some exoplanet distributions and brown dwarfs |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_formation#Disk_instability_model Disk Instability – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Pebble Accretion || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Small particles (“pebbles”) are rapidly accreted onto growing cores via drag-assisted capture || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Resolves growth-time problem; efficient in outer disks || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Supported by ALMA observations of dust substructure |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble_accretion Pebble Accretion – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Streaming Instability || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Dust particles cluster due to aerodynamic drag and mutual feedback, leading to rapid collapse || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Explains initial planetesimal formation; self-consistent with disk physics || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Matches simulations and dust clumping seen in ALMA data |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_instability Streaming Instability – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Electromagnetic Nebula Concepts || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Magnetic and electric fields shape disk structure and help organize matter || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Offers structured alternatives to gravitational-only models || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains filaments, rings, and possibly dust traps |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2015/09/23/planetary-birthing-in-electrical-cosmos/ Thunderbolts – Planetary Birthing Concepts] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Influx-Driven Aggregation || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Energy influx increases local density, triggering mass aggregation || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Interprets planet formation as energy-structured rather than accretion-based || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Aligns with early ring structures seen in ALMA disks |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://chat.openai.com/share/08a0e0d2-0171-419b-94f3-0ec1c9c8ba4c Influx-Driven Aggregation – ChatGPT Session] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) – Planetary Application || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Preferred rings form in protoplanetary disks at distances proportional to central star mass || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Predicts planet formation at fixed Preferred Distances (Dₚᵣₑf); continuous mass influx || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Matches observed ring gaps and exoplanet concentrations |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Cosmic_Influx_Theory Cosmic Influx Theory – Wikiversity Page] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Magnetic Grand Design || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Large-scale magnetic fields organize angular momentum and structure during early disk evolution || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Explains symmetry in spiral arms and inner disk structuring || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Under investigation via polarized ALMA observations |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MNRAS.467.1314K/ Magnetic Grand Design – Kotarba et al. (2017)] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Le Sage-like Aggregation || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Directional particle fluxes (Le Sage-type) cause shadowing effects that pull matter together || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains attraction without curvature or force; basis for influx models || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Conceptual foundation for CIT and earlier corpuscular theories |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Sage%27s_theory_of_gravitation Le Sage’s Theory of Gravitation – Wikipedia] |} ''Note: The inclusion of mainstream and non-mainstream theories reflects the open and comparative structure of this project. Contributions are welcome.'' === '''4.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' === The planetary formation theories presented in this chapter will be evaluated using the shared set of criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: List of Evaluation Criteria'''. These criteria include: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' – alignment with observational data (e.g., ALMA, JWST, exoplanet surveys) * '''Internal Consistency''' – logical and mathematical coherence within the model * '''Explanatory Power''' – ability to account for known phenomena such as ring formation, orbital distribution, and planetary mass variation * '''Predictive Strength''' – capacity to make testable predictions regarding planetary structures or disk dynamics * '''Simplicity''' – parsimony in assumptions and mechanisms * '''Unifying Capacity''' – integration with gravitational, electromagnetic, or cosmological models * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' – transparency of assumptions and ontological grounding These criteria offer a structured and balanced framework to compare diverse planetary formation theories. The results of this evaluation are presented in the next subsection ('''4.6''') based on AI-assisted synthesis and pattern recognition. == '''4.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' == == '''4.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Emerging Tensions''' == == '''4.8 Next Steps''' == Expand table with more models and case studies (e.g. HD 163296, GW Orionis) Link planetary formation to disk dynamics and gravitational models Discuss implications for planetary system architecture ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 5: Geological Clues and Planetary Growth|Next ▶]]''' dx36mjgesfl3fq3fcwfpumbulr1aykz 2720101 2720100 2025-06-30T10:40:22Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 4.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria */ insert 4.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria 2720101 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution''' = === '''4.1 Purpose – Overview of Planetary Formation Concepts''' === This chapter investigates how different scientific theories explain the origin and evolution of planetary systems. Central questions include: How do protoplanetary disks evolve? What mechanisms lead to the formation of planets, moons, and rings? What determines the distribution, composition, and orbits of celestial bodies? Traditional models focus on accretion within a rotating disk of gas and dust. However, alternative theories propose electromagnetic structuring, influx-driven aggregation, or even mass growth over time. Observations of protoplanetary disks and exoplanet systems — particularly from ALMA and JWST — continue to refine our understanding. This chapter maps mainstream and non-mainstream theories of planetary formation, evaluates their explanatory power, and identifies key areas for further research and testing. === '''4.2 Scope – Mainstream and Non-mainstream Theories''' === Theories of planetary formation can be broadly grouped into two categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': These models are widely accepted in academic literature and supported by high-resolution observations and simulations. They include the nebular hypothesis, core accretion model, and disk instability theory. Such models typically assume a gravitationally bound disk of gas and dust evolving under Newtonian or relativistic dynamics. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': These models challenge or extend the assumptions of mainstream frameworks. They include theories that invoke directed energy influx, mass growth over time, electromagnetic structuring of matter, or cosmological context beyond local disk dynamics. The boundary between these categories is not fixed. As new observational data emerges — especially from instruments like ALMA and JWST — some alternative models gain relevance or find partial confirmation. Conversely, unresolved anomalies may prompt re-examination of established assumptions. This chapter offers space for both types of theories to be presented, analyzed, and improved within a common framework. === '''4.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' === Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories of planetary formation and system evolution. Submissions may include observational insights, mathematical models, conceptual frameworks, or hybrid approaches. You can contribute in either of the following ways: * Post directly on the '''Talk page''' of this chapter * Or email your proposal to: '''aitheroymapping@gmail.com''' All submitted theories will be added to the mapping and evaluated using the shared criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: Evaluation Criteria'''. We encourage both mainstream and non-mainstream contributors to join this open effort to compare and improve our understanding of planetary system development. === '''4.4 Theory Mapping Table''' === The following table presents a structured overview of theories describing planetary formation and system evolution. It includes both well-established mainstream models and non-mainstream alternatives that propose different mechanisms. Each theory is briefly characterized by its formation process, key mechanisms, and observational relevance. {| class="wikitable" ! Theory Name !! Category !! Mechanism Summary !! Key Features !! Observational Relevance |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Core Accretion || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Dust grains coalesce into planetesimals, which grow via collisions and gravitational attraction || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains terrestrial planets and gas giants; slow growth timescales || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Supported by simulations; matches Solar System formation |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_formation#Core_accretion_model Core Accretion Model – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Disk Instability || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Dense regions of the disk collapse directly under self-gravity into gas giants || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Fast formation timescale; explains wide-orbit gas giants || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Matches some exoplanet distributions and brown dwarfs |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_formation#Disk_instability_model Disk Instability – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Pebble Accretion || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Small particles (“pebbles”) are rapidly accreted onto growing cores via drag-assisted capture || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Resolves growth-time problem; efficient in outer disks || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Supported by ALMA observations of dust substructure |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble_accretion Pebble Accretion – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Streaming Instability || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Dust particles cluster due to aerodynamic drag and mutual feedback, leading to rapid collapse || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Explains initial planetesimal formation; self-consistent with disk physics || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Matches simulations and dust clumping seen in ALMA data |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_instability Streaming Instability – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Electromagnetic Nebula Concepts || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Magnetic and electric fields shape disk structure and help organize matter || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Offers structured alternatives to gravitational-only models || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains filaments, rings, and possibly dust traps |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2015/09/23/planetary-birthing-in-electrical-cosmos/ Thunderbolts – Planetary Birthing Concepts] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Influx-Driven Aggregation || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Energy influx increases local density, triggering mass aggregation || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Interprets planet formation as energy-structured rather than accretion-based || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Aligns with early ring structures seen in ALMA disks |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://chat.openai.com/share/08a0e0d2-0171-419b-94f3-0ec1c9c8ba4c Influx-Driven Aggregation – ChatGPT Session] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) – Planetary Application || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Preferred rings form in protoplanetary disks at distances proportional to central star mass || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Predicts planet formation at fixed Preferred Distances (Dₚᵣₑf); continuous mass influx || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Matches observed ring gaps and exoplanet concentrations |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Cosmic_Influx_Theory Cosmic Influx Theory – Wikiversity Page] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Magnetic Grand Design || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Large-scale magnetic fields organize angular momentum and structure during early disk evolution || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Explains symmetry in spiral arms and inner disk structuring || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Under investigation via polarized ALMA observations |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MNRAS.467.1314K/ Magnetic Grand Design – Kotarba et al. (2017)] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Le Sage-like Aggregation || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Directional particle fluxes (Le Sage-type) cause shadowing effects that pull matter together || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains attraction without curvature or force; basis for influx models || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Conceptual foundation for CIT and earlier corpuscular theories |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Sage%27s_theory_of_gravitation Le Sage’s Theory of Gravitation – Wikipedia] |} ''Note: The inclusion of mainstream and non-mainstream theories reflects the open and comparative structure of this project. Contributions are welcome.'' === '''4.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' === The planetary formation theories presented in this chapter will be evaluated using the shared set of criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: List of Evaluation Criteria'''. These criteria include: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' – alignment with observational data (e.g., ALMA, JWST, exoplanet surveys) * '''Internal Consistency''' – logical and mathematical coherence within the model * '''Explanatory Power''' – ability to account for known phenomena such as ring formation, orbital distribution, and planetary mass variation * '''Predictive Strength''' – capacity to make testable predictions regarding planetary structures or disk dynamics * '''Simplicity''' – parsimony in assumptions and mechanisms * '''Unifying Capacity''' – integration with gravitational, electromagnetic, or cosmological models * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' – transparency of assumptions and ontological grounding These criteria offer a structured and balanced framework to compare diverse planetary formation theories. The results of this evaluation are presented in the next subsection ('''4.6''') based on AI-assisted synthesis and pattern recognition. === '''4.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' === The planetary formation theories presented in this chapter — both mainstream and nonmainstream — have been analyzed using the shared evaluation criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3''' and reiterated in '''4.5'''. These criteria include empirical adequacy, internal consistency, explanatory and predictive power, simplicity, unifying capacity, and philosophical clarity. Based on a comparative review, the following general observations emerge from an AI-assisted perspective: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' Mainstream models such as Core Accretion, Pebble Accretion, and Streaming Instability are well supported by observational data — especially ALMA and JWST images of protoplanetary disks. They align with Solar System architecture and explain dust ring structures, although they sometimes require fine-tuning to match exoplanet diversity. Nonmainstream models like CIT and Electromagnetic Nebula Concepts explain specific features (e.g., ring gaps, dust traps) that are difficult to reconcile with purely gravitational models, but lack systematic testing across datasets. * '''Internal Consistency''' Most mainstream theories are built upon Newtonian dynamics and fluid simulations, and they show mathematical consistency within that framework. Nonmainstream models often rely on novel mechanisms (e.g., directed energy influx or electromagnetic structuring), and their internal logic varies in clarity. CIT, for example, maintains a coherent framework based on energy influx and Preferred Distances, but requires reinterpretation of several standard assumptions. Le Sage-like models and Influx-Driven Aggregation provide internally plausible narratives but are more conceptual than formalized. * '''Explanatory and Predictive Power''' Mainstream models explain accretion, planetary migration, and the general composition of planetary systems. However, their predictive power is sometimes retrospective — parameters are fitted after observations. CIT offers specific and testable predictions for the location of giant planets based on stellar mass (Dₚᵣₑf), and these align with observed concentrations in some exoplanetary systems. Electromagnetic and magnetic models attempt to explain disk symmetry and ring spacing but need further predictive formalism. * '''Simplicity''' Core Accretion and Pebble Accretion models are conceptually straightforward but require complex simulations and often multiple tuned parameters. Disk Instability is simpler dynamically but limited in scope. Nonmainstream theories introduce new variables (e.g., energy influx, PEWs, magnetic scaffolding), which reduce simplicity but may increase unifying potential. * '''Unifying Capacity''' Mainstream theories tend to focus on local disk physics and do not aim to unify with cosmology or fundamental forces. CIT attempts to unify planetary formation with cosmic-scale processes (e.g., VRMS, mass influx). Electromagnetic and Magnetic Grand Design models integrate magnetohydrodynamic structures with galaxy formation and plasma physics. Le Sage-like models link gravity, mass increase, and system formation in a shared causal framework, although their formal integration is limited. * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' Mainstream theories adopt an empirical stance, avoiding ontological speculation. However, they often assume initial conditions (e.g., gas disk mass, metallicity gradients) without deep justification. Nonmainstream theories frequently address foundational gaps, such as the cause of structure formation or the origin of mass-energy. CIT, Le Sage-like Aggregation, and Influx-Driven models explicitly question the sufficiency of traditional accretion and introduce new causal agents. Overall, this evaluation highlights that while mainstream models dominate due to strong empirical support and simulation tools, alternative theories provide useful challenges to assumptions and open new directions for testable research. Observational advances — especially in early disk evolution — may continue to reshape which mechanisms are viewed as central or peripheral in planetary system formation. == '''4.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Emerging Tensions''' == == '''4.8 Next Steps''' == Expand table with more models and case studies (e.g. HD 163296, GW Orionis) Link planetary formation to disk dynamics and gravitational models Discuss implications for planetary system architecture ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 5: Geological Clues and Planetary Growth|Next ▶]]''' swk6al8jqw8fvtsjap5lxsx2kap4z2v 2720102 2720101 2025-06-30T10:43:55Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 4.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Emerging Tensions */ inserted and make some text bold in Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Emerging Tensions 2720102 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution''' = === '''4.1 Purpose – Overview of Planetary Formation Concepts''' === This chapter investigates how different scientific theories explain the origin and evolution of planetary systems. Central questions include: How do protoplanetary disks evolve? What mechanisms lead to the formation of planets, moons, and rings? What determines the distribution, composition, and orbits of celestial bodies? Traditional models focus on accretion within a rotating disk of gas and dust. However, alternative theories propose electromagnetic structuring, influx-driven aggregation, or even mass growth over time. Observations of protoplanetary disks and exoplanet systems — particularly from ALMA and JWST — continue to refine our understanding. This chapter maps mainstream and non-mainstream theories of planetary formation, evaluates their explanatory power, and identifies key areas for further research and testing. === '''4.2 Scope – Mainstream and Non-mainstream Theories''' === Theories of planetary formation can be broadly grouped into two categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': These models are widely accepted in academic literature and supported by high-resolution observations and simulations. They include the nebular hypothesis, core accretion model, and disk instability theory. Such models typically assume a gravitationally bound disk of gas and dust evolving under Newtonian or relativistic dynamics. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': These models challenge or extend the assumptions of mainstream frameworks. They include theories that invoke directed energy influx, mass growth over time, electromagnetic structuring of matter, or cosmological context beyond local disk dynamics. The boundary between these categories is not fixed. As new observational data emerges — especially from instruments like ALMA and JWST — some alternative models gain relevance or find partial confirmation. Conversely, unresolved anomalies may prompt re-examination of established assumptions. This chapter offers space for both types of theories to be presented, analyzed, and improved within a common framework. === '''4.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' === Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories of planetary formation and system evolution. Submissions may include observational insights, mathematical models, conceptual frameworks, or hybrid approaches. You can contribute in either of the following ways: * Post directly on the '''Talk page''' of this chapter * Or email your proposal to: '''aitheroymapping@gmail.com''' All submitted theories will be added to the mapping and evaluated using the shared criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: Evaluation Criteria'''. We encourage both mainstream and non-mainstream contributors to join this open effort to compare and improve our understanding of planetary system development. === '''4.4 Theory Mapping Table''' === The following table presents a structured overview of theories describing planetary formation and system evolution. It includes both well-established mainstream models and non-mainstream alternatives that propose different mechanisms. Each theory is briefly characterized by its formation process, key mechanisms, and observational relevance. {| class="wikitable" ! Theory Name !! Category !! Mechanism Summary !! Key Features !! Observational Relevance |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Core Accretion || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Dust grains coalesce into planetesimals, which grow via collisions and gravitational attraction || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains terrestrial planets and gas giants; slow growth timescales || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Supported by simulations; matches Solar System formation |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_formation#Core_accretion_model Core Accretion Model – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Disk Instability || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Dense regions of the disk collapse directly under self-gravity into gas giants || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Fast formation timescale; explains wide-orbit gas giants || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Matches some exoplanet distributions and brown dwarfs |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_formation#Disk_instability_model Disk Instability – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Pebble Accretion || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Small particles (“pebbles”) are rapidly accreted onto growing cores via drag-assisted capture || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Resolves growth-time problem; efficient in outer disks || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Supported by ALMA observations of dust substructure |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble_accretion Pebble Accretion – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Streaming Instability || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Dust particles cluster due to aerodynamic drag and mutual feedback, leading to rapid collapse || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Explains initial planetesimal formation; self-consistent with disk physics || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Matches simulations and dust clumping seen in ALMA data |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_instability Streaming Instability – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Electromagnetic Nebula Concepts || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Magnetic and electric fields shape disk structure and help organize matter || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Offers structured alternatives to gravitational-only models || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains filaments, rings, and possibly dust traps |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2015/09/23/planetary-birthing-in-electrical-cosmos/ Thunderbolts – Planetary Birthing Concepts] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Influx-Driven Aggregation || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Energy influx increases local density, triggering mass aggregation || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Interprets planet formation as energy-structured rather than accretion-based || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Aligns with early ring structures seen in ALMA disks |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://chat.openai.com/share/08a0e0d2-0171-419b-94f3-0ec1c9c8ba4c Influx-Driven Aggregation – ChatGPT Session] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) – Planetary Application || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Preferred rings form in protoplanetary disks at distances proportional to central star mass || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Predicts planet formation at fixed Preferred Distances (Dₚᵣₑf); continuous mass influx || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Matches observed ring gaps and exoplanet concentrations |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Cosmic_Influx_Theory Cosmic Influx Theory – Wikiversity Page] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Magnetic Grand Design || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Large-scale magnetic fields organize angular momentum and structure during early disk evolution || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Explains symmetry in spiral arms and inner disk structuring || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Under investigation via polarized ALMA observations |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MNRAS.467.1314K/ Magnetic Grand Design – Kotarba et al. (2017)] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Le Sage-like Aggregation || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Directional particle fluxes (Le Sage-type) cause shadowing effects that pull matter together || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains attraction without curvature or force; basis for influx models || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Conceptual foundation for CIT and earlier corpuscular theories |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Sage%27s_theory_of_gravitation Le Sage’s Theory of Gravitation – Wikipedia] |} ''Note: The inclusion of mainstream and non-mainstream theories reflects the open and comparative structure of this project. Contributions are welcome.'' === '''4.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' === The planetary formation theories presented in this chapter will be evaluated using the shared set of criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: List of Evaluation Criteria'''. These criteria include: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' – alignment with observational data (e.g., ALMA, JWST, exoplanet surveys) * '''Internal Consistency''' – logical and mathematical coherence within the model * '''Explanatory Power''' – ability to account for known phenomena such as ring formation, orbital distribution, and planetary mass variation * '''Predictive Strength''' – capacity to make testable predictions regarding planetary structures or disk dynamics * '''Simplicity''' – parsimony in assumptions and mechanisms * '''Unifying Capacity''' – integration with gravitational, electromagnetic, or cosmological models * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' – transparency of assumptions and ontological grounding These criteria offer a structured and balanced framework to compare diverse planetary formation theories. The results of this evaluation are presented in the next subsection ('''4.6''') based on AI-assisted synthesis and pattern recognition. === '''4.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' === The planetary formation theories presented in this chapter — both mainstream and nonmainstream — have been analyzed using the shared evaluation criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3''' and reiterated in '''4.5'''. These criteria include empirical adequacy, internal consistency, explanatory and predictive power, simplicity, unifying capacity, and philosophical clarity. Based on a comparative review, the following general observations emerge from an AI-assisted perspective: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' Mainstream models such as Core Accretion, Pebble Accretion, and Streaming Instability are well supported by observational data — especially ALMA and JWST images of protoplanetary disks. They align with Solar System architecture and explain dust ring structures, although they sometimes require fine-tuning to match exoplanet diversity. Nonmainstream models like CIT and Electromagnetic Nebula Concepts explain specific features (e.g., ring gaps, dust traps) that are difficult to reconcile with purely gravitational models, but lack systematic testing across datasets. * '''Internal Consistency''' Most mainstream theories are built upon Newtonian dynamics and fluid simulations, and they show mathematical consistency within that framework. Nonmainstream models often rely on novel mechanisms (e.g., directed energy influx or electromagnetic structuring), and their internal logic varies in clarity. CIT, for example, maintains a coherent framework based on energy influx and Preferred Distances, but requires reinterpretation of several standard assumptions. Le Sage-like models and Influx-Driven Aggregation provide internally plausible narratives but are more conceptual than formalized. * '''Explanatory and Predictive Power''' Mainstream models explain accretion, planetary migration, and the general composition of planetary systems. However, their predictive power is sometimes retrospective — parameters are fitted after observations. CIT offers specific and testable predictions for the location of giant planets based on stellar mass (Dₚᵣₑf), and these align with observed concentrations in some exoplanetary systems. Electromagnetic and magnetic models attempt to explain disk symmetry and ring spacing but need further predictive formalism. * '''Simplicity''' Core Accretion and Pebble Accretion models are conceptually straightforward but require complex simulations and often multiple tuned parameters. Disk Instability is simpler dynamically but limited in scope. Nonmainstream theories introduce new variables (e.g., energy influx, PEWs, magnetic scaffolding), which reduce simplicity but may increase unifying potential. * '''Unifying Capacity''' Mainstream theories tend to focus on local disk physics and do not aim to unify with cosmology or fundamental forces. CIT attempts to unify planetary formation with cosmic-scale processes (e.g., VRMS, mass influx). Electromagnetic and Magnetic Grand Design models integrate magnetohydrodynamic structures with galaxy formation and plasma physics. Le Sage-like models link gravity, mass increase, and system formation in a shared causal framework, although their formal integration is limited. * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' Mainstream theories adopt an empirical stance, avoiding ontological speculation. However, they often assume initial conditions (e.g., gas disk mass, metallicity gradients) without deep justification. Nonmainstream theories frequently address foundational gaps, such as the cause of structure formation or the origin of mass-energy. CIT, Le Sage-like Aggregation, and Influx-Driven models explicitly question the sufficiency of traditional accretion and introduce new causal agents. Overall, this evaluation highlights that while mainstream models dominate due to strong empirical support and simulation tools, alternative theories provide useful challenges to assumptions and open new directions for testable research. Observational advances — especially in early disk evolution — may continue to reshape which mechanisms are viewed as central or peripheral in planetary system formation. === '''4.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Emerging Tensions''' === From an AI-assisted perspective, the treatment of planetary formation theories reveals patterns of '''endorsement''', '''inertia''', and '''epistemic tension''' similar to those observed in gravity and cosmology. While mainstream models dominate academic discourse, nonmainstream alternatives often address '''overlooked phenomena''' or '''gaps in explanatory logic'''. '''Mainstream models''' — especially '''Core Accretion''' and '''Pebble Accretion''' — benefit from strong alignment with computer simulations and support from high-resolution imaging (e.g., ALMA, JWST). Their development has been iterative, with continual refinement to match new observations. However, their reliance on initial disk conditions, long accretion timescales, and planet migration models has also led to complexity and parameter sensitivity. In practice, this often results in '''fitting models to observations''' rather than making robust forward predictions. '''Nonmainstream theories''', including '''electromagnetic''' and '''influx-based''' models, are typically excluded from major publications and databases. This exclusion is rarely due to incoherence alone, but often stems from '''foundational assumptions''' that fall outside the dominant gravitational paradigm. For example, models that propose '''directional influx''', '''electromagnetic structuring''', or '''mass-energy increase''' challenge not just planetary dynamics, but the '''metaphysical foundations''' of astrophysics itself. A core tension lies in the interpretation of '''early ring structures''' observed in young disks. While mainstream views see these as transient zones of pressure and accretion, some alternative models interpret them as '''stable outcomes''' of field structuring or energy influx — implying a more '''deterministic pattern''' in planet formation. This difference of interpretation mirrors deeper divides about the role of '''emergent vs. imposed structure''' in nature. The treatment of '''Le Sage-like aggregation''' or '''Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT)''' reveals another boundary: concepts rooted in older or unfashionable physics are often dismissed in principle, even if revived with new empirical support. Such reactions reflect the '''self-protective function of scientific paradigms''' but may also limit '''exploratory freedom'''. In conclusion, the field of planetary formation, though rich in data and models, remains '''conceptually unsettled'''. Observational frontiers are advancing faster than theoretical consensus. '''AI-assisted comparative analysis''' may help bridge this gap by highlighting '''conceptual pluralism''', pointing to '''underexamined mechanisms''', and calling attention to the importance of '''epistemic inclusiveness''' in planetary science. == '''4.8 Next Steps''' == Expand table with more models and case studies (e.g. HD 163296, GW Orionis) Link planetary formation to disk dynamics and gravitational models Discuss implications for planetary system architecture ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 5: Geological Clues and Planetary Growth|Next ▶]]''' l789euvbtddz8ubp607ioz4xuqouaof 2720103 2720102 2025-06-30T10:46:00Z Ruud Loeffen 2998353 /* 4.8 Next Steps */ inserted 4.8 Next Steps with some minor changes 2720103 wikitext text/x-wiki = '''Chapter 4: Planetary Formation, Disk Structures, and System Evolution''' = === '''4.1 Purpose – Overview of Planetary Formation Concepts''' === This chapter investigates how different scientific theories explain the origin and evolution of planetary systems. Central questions include: How do protoplanetary disks evolve? What mechanisms lead to the formation of planets, moons, and rings? What determines the distribution, composition, and orbits of celestial bodies? Traditional models focus on accretion within a rotating disk of gas and dust. However, alternative theories propose electromagnetic structuring, influx-driven aggregation, or even mass growth over time. Observations of protoplanetary disks and exoplanet systems — particularly from ALMA and JWST — continue to refine our understanding. This chapter maps mainstream and non-mainstream theories of planetary formation, evaluates their explanatory power, and identifies key areas for further research and testing. === '''4.2 Scope – Mainstream and Non-mainstream Theories''' === Theories of planetary formation can be broadly grouped into two categories: '''Mainstream Theories''': These models are widely accepted in academic literature and supported by high-resolution observations and simulations. They include the nebular hypothesis, core accretion model, and disk instability theory. Such models typically assume a gravitationally bound disk of gas and dust evolving under Newtonian or relativistic dynamics. '''Non-Mainstream Theories''': These models challenge or extend the assumptions of mainstream frameworks. They include theories that invoke directed energy influx, mass growth over time, electromagnetic structuring of matter, or cosmological context beyond local disk dynamics. The boundary between these categories is not fixed. As new observational data emerges — especially from instruments like ALMA and JWST — some alternative models gain relevance or find partial confirmation. Conversely, unresolved anomalies may prompt re-examination of established assumptions. This chapter offers space for both types of theories to be presented, analyzed, and improved within a common framework. === '''4.3 How to Contribute a Theory''' === Researchers and contributors are welcome to propose additional theories of planetary formation and system evolution. Submissions may include observational insights, mathematical models, conceptual frameworks, or hybrid approaches. You can contribute in either of the following ways: * Post directly on the '''Talk page''' of this chapter * Or email your proposal to: '''aitheroymapping@gmail.com''' All submitted theories will be added to the mapping and evaluated using the shared criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: Evaluation Criteria'''. We encourage both mainstream and non-mainstream contributors to join this open effort to compare and improve our understanding of planetary system development. === '''4.4 Theory Mapping Table''' === The following table presents a structured overview of theories describing planetary formation and system evolution. It includes both well-established mainstream models and non-mainstream alternatives that propose different mechanisms. Each theory is briefly characterized by its formation process, key mechanisms, and observational relevance. {| class="wikitable" ! Theory Name !! Category !! Mechanism Summary !! Key Features !! Observational Relevance |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Core Accretion || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Dust grains coalesce into planetesimals, which grow via collisions and gravitational attraction || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains terrestrial planets and gas giants; slow growth timescales || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Supported by simulations; matches Solar System formation |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_formation#Core_accretion_model Core Accretion Model – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Disk Instability || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Dense regions of the disk collapse directly under self-gravity into gas giants || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Fast formation timescale; explains wide-orbit gas giants || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Matches some exoplanet distributions and brown dwarfs |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_formation#Disk_instability_model Disk Instability – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Pebble Accretion || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Small particles (“pebbles”) are rapidly accreted onto growing cores via drag-assisted capture || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Resolves growth-time problem; efficient in outer disks || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Supported by ALMA observations of dust substructure |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble_accretion Pebble Accretion – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Streaming Instability || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Mainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Dust particles cluster due to aerodynamic drag and mutual feedback, leading to rapid collapse || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Explains initial planetesimal formation; self-consistent with disk physics || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Matches simulations and dust clumping seen in ALMA data |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_instability Streaming Instability – Wikipedia] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Electromagnetic Nebula Concepts || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Magnetic and electric fields shape disk structure and help organize matter || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Offers structured alternatives to gravitational-only models || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains filaments, rings, and possibly dust traps |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2015/09/23/planetary-birthing-in-electrical-cosmos/ Thunderbolts – Planetary Birthing Concepts] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Influx-Driven Aggregation || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Energy influx increases local density, triggering mass aggregation || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Interprets planet formation as energy-structured rather than accretion-based || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Aligns with early ring structures seen in ALMA disks |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://chat.openai.com/share/08a0e0d2-0171-419b-94f3-0ec1c9c8ba4c Influx-Driven Aggregation – ChatGPT Session] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) – Planetary Application || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Preferred rings form in protoplanetary disks at distances proportional to central star mass || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Predicts planet formation at fixed Preferred Distances (Dₚᵣₑf); continuous mass influx || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Matches observed ring gaps and exoplanet concentrations |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Cosmic_Influx_Theory Cosmic Influx Theory – Wikiversity Page] |- | style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Magnetic Grand Design || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Large-scale magnetic fields organize angular momentum and structure during early disk evolution || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Explains symmetry in spiral arms and inner disk structuring || style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Under investigation via polarized ALMA observations |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#f2f2f2;" | Related link: [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MNRAS.467.1314K/ Magnetic Grand Design – Kotarba et al. (2017)] |- | style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Le Sage-like Aggregation || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Nonmainstream || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Directional particle fluxes (Le Sage-type) cause shadowing effects that pull matter together || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Explains attraction without curvature or force; basis for influx models || style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Conceptual foundation for CIT and earlier corpuscular theories |- | colspan="5" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | Related link: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Sage%27s_theory_of_gravitation Le Sage’s Theory of Gravitation – Wikipedia] |} ''Note: The inclusion of mainstream and non-mainstream theories reflects the open and comparative structure of this project. Contributions are welcome.'' === '''4.5 Evaluation Criteria and Comparative Table''' === The planetary formation theories presented in this chapter will be evaluated using the shared set of criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3: List of Evaluation Criteria'''. These criteria include: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' – alignment with observational data (e.g., ALMA, JWST, exoplanet surveys) * '''Internal Consistency''' – logical and mathematical coherence within the model * '''Explanatory Power''' – ability to account for known phenomena such as ring formation, orbital distribution, and planetary mass variation * '''Predictive Strength''' – capacity to make testable predictions regarding planetary structures or disk dynamics * '''Simplicity''' – parsimony in assumptions and mechanisms * '''Unifying Capacity''' – integration with gravitational, electromagnetic, or cosmological models * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' – transparency of assumptions and ontological grounding These criteria offer a structured and balanced framework to compare diverse planetary formation theories. The results of this evaluation are presented in the next subsection ('''4.6''') based on AI-assisted synthesis and pattern recognition. === '''4.6 AI Evaluation Based on Shared Criteria''' === The planetary formation theories presented in this chapter — both mainstream and nonmainstream — have been analyzed using the shared evaluation criteria defined in '''Chapter 1.3''' and reiterated in '''4.5'''. These criteria include empirical adequacy, internal consistency, explanatory and predictive power, simplicity, unifying capacity, and philosophical clarity. Based on a comparative review, the following general observations emerge from an AI-assisted perspective: * '''Empirical Adequacy''' Mainstream models such as Core Accretion, Pebble Accretion, and Streaming Instability are well supported by observational data — especially ALMA and JWST images of protoplanetary disks. They align with Solar System architecture and explain dust ring structures, although they sometimes require fine-tuning to match exoplanet diversity. Nonmainstream models like CIT and Electromagnetic Nebula Concepts explain specific features (e.g., ring gaps, dust traps) that are difficult to reconcile with purely gravitational models, but lack systematic testing across datasets. * '''Internal Consistency''' Most mainstream theories are built upon Newtonian dynamics and fluid simulations, and they show mathematical consistency within that framework. Nonmainstream models often rely on novel mechanisms (e.g., directed energy influx or electromagnetic structuring), and their internal logic varies in clarity. CIT, for example, maintains a coherent framework based on energy influx and Preferred Distances, but requires reinterpretation of several standard assumptions. Le Sage-like models and Influx-Driven Aggregation provide internally plausible narratives but are more conceptual than formalized. * '''Explanatory and Predictive Power''' Mainstream models explain accretion, planetary migration, and the general composition of planetary systems. However, their predictive power is sometimes retrospective — parameters are fitted after observations. CIT offers specific and testable predictions for the location of giant planets based on stellar mass (Dₚᵣₑf), and these align with observed concentrations in some exoplanetary systems. Electromagnetic and magnetic models attempt to explain disk symmetry and ring spacing but need further predictive formalism. * '''Simplicity''' Core Accretion and Pebble Accretion models are conceptually straightforward but require complex simulations and often multiple tuned parameters. Disk Instability is simpler dynamically but limited in scope. Nonmainstream theories introduce new variables (e.g., energy influx, PEWs, magnetic scaffolding), which reduce simplicity but may increase unifying potential. * '''Unifying Capacity''' Mainstream theories tend to focus on local disk physics and do not aim to unify with cosmology or fundamental forces. CIT attempts to unify planetary formation with cosmic-scale processes (e.g., VRMS, mass influx). Electromagnetic and Magnetic Grand Design models integrate magnetohydrodynamic structures with galaxy formation and plasma physics. Le Sage-like models link gravity, mass increase, and system formation in a shared causal framework, although their formal integration is limited. * '''Philosophical and Foundational Clarity''' Mainstream theories adopt an empirical stance, avoiding ontological speculation. However, they often assume initial conditions (e.g., gas disk mass, metallicity gradients) without deep justification. Nonmainstream theories frequently address foundational gaps, such as the cause of structure formation or the origin of mass-energy. CIT, Le Sage-like Aggregation, and Influx-Driven models explicitly question the sufficiency of traditional accretion and introduce new causal agents. Overall, this evaluation highlights that while mainstream models dominate due to strong empirical support and simulation tools, alternative theories provide useful challenges to assumptions and open new directions for testable research. Observational advances — especially in early disk evolution — may continue to reshape which mechanisms are viewed as central or peripheral in planetary system formation. === '''4.7 Helicopter View – Scientific Reception and Emerging Tensions''' === From an AI-assisted perspective, the treatment of planetary formation theories reveals patterns of '''endorsement''', '''inertia''', and '''epistemic tension''' similar to those observed in gravity and cosmology. While mainstream models dominate academic discourse, nonmainstream alternatives often address '''overlooked phenomena''' or '''gaps in explanatory logic'''. '''Mainstream models''' — especially '''Core Accretion''' and '''Pebble Accretion''' — benefit from strong alignment with computer simulations and support from high-resolution imaging (e.g., ALMA, JWST). Their development has been iterative, with continual refinement to match new observations. However, their reliance on initial disk conditions, long accretion timescales, and planet migration models has also led to complexity and parameter sensitivity. In practice, this often results in '''fitting models to observations''' rather than making robust forward predictions. '''Nonmainstream theories''', including '''electromagnetic''' and '''influx-based''' models, are typically excluded from major publications and databases. This exclusion is rarely due to incoherence alone, but often stems from '''foundational assumptions''' that fall outside the dominant gravitational paradigm. For example, models that propose '''directional influx''', '''electromagnetic structuring''', or '''mass-energy increase''' challenge not just planetary dynamics, but the '''metaphysical foundations''' of astrophysics itself. A core tension lies in the interpretation of '''early ring structures''' observed in young disks. While mainstream views see these as transient zones of pressure and accretion, some alternative models interpret them as '''stable outcomes''' of field structuring or energy influx — implying a more '''deterministic pattern''' in planet formation. This difference of interpretation mirrors deeper divides about the role of '''emergent vs. imposed structure''' in nature. The treatment of '''Le Sage-like aggregation''' or '''Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT)''' reveals another boundary: concepts rooted in older or unfashionable physics are often dismissed in principle, even if revived with new empirical support. Such reactions reflect the '''self-protective function of scientific paradigms''' but may also limit '''exploratory freedom'''. In conclusion, the field of planetary formation, though rich in data and models, remains '''conceptually unsettled'''. Observational frontiers are advancing faster than theoretical consensus. '''AI-assisted comparative analysis''' may help bridge this gap by highlighting '''conceptual pluralism''', pointing to '''underexamined mechanisms''', and calling attention to the importance of '''epistemic inclusiveness''' in planetary science. === '''4.8 Next Steps''' === The next chapter will examine geological evidence for planetary growth and structural evolution over time. It will explore whether the internal dynamics of planets — including crustal patterns, core expansion, and rotation — can be linked to their formation history or ongoing mass-energy processes. Contributors are encouraged to: * Propose additional planetary formation theories * Refine or expand the entries in the Theory Mapping Table * Suggest falsifiable predictions or observational targets related to disk structures and planetary arrangement All contributions will be evaluated using the shared criteria defined in Chapter 1.3. This comparative approach aims to integrate planetary science with broader cosmological frameworks. ---- '''◀ [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 3: Cosmic Expansion and Universe Models|Previous]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories|Main Page]] | [[AI-Assisted Evaluation of Cosmological Theories/Chapter 5: Geological Clues and Planetary Growth|Next ▶]]''' 532s9gl6w7gaymym15biaoy6x8o0ui0 0 322173 2720080 2719645 2025-06-30T03:35:39Z NKTLaw Nguyen Khanh Tung 3004184 Added explanation to contest speedy deletion and clarify educational intent. 2720080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Delete|1=Spam}} {{hangon}} = The NKT Law on Position and Varying Inertia Interaction = {{hangon}} == Overview == {{hangon}} The '''NKT Law''' (short for Newton–Kepler–Tung Law) is a new physical law proposed by independent researcher '''Nguyen Khanh Tung''' in 2025. The law describes interactions between position and varying inertia using two key variable products: * The product of position and momentum: '''xp''' * The product of the rate of change of mass and momentum: '''(dm/dt)·p''' This conceptual framework extends Newtonian mechanics by introducing position-inertia interactions that apply to systems where mass is not constant, such as rockets, orbital dynamics, and oscillatory motion. == Scientific Contributions == The NKT Law aims to generalize classical mechanics to cover physical systems where inertia varies with time. It provides new insights into: * Momentum-driven systems with variable mass * Entropic and energy considerations in open systems * Planetary motion anomalies and resonant orbits This theory has been applied to analyze data from real-world space missions, long-term simulations, and physical models, confirming its predictive accuracy. == Documentation == The NKT Law has been formally documented and publicly shared across multiple open-science platforms for transparency and reproducibility. It is supported by detailed mathematical derivations and comparative simulations in domains such as: * Oscillations and wave mechanics * Rocket propulsion and mass-flow interactions * Celestial mechanics including perihelion drift and orbital resonance == Author == * '''Nguyen Khanh Tung''' * Independent Researcher * ORCID: 0009-0002-9877-4137 * Email: traiphieu.com@gmail.com * Based in Vietnam == Note == The full version of this article with references, data sources, and equations is available on public preprint platforms and the author’s official website. 1yaqme3rnlm54u29gky3sf8gwt5k42q 2720081 2720080 2025-06-30T03:46:05Z NKTLaw Nguyen Khanh Tung 3004184 Rewrite to follow academic structure, remove personal/promotional content 2720081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Educational resource}} {{Theoretical physics}} == Introduction == This page presents an educational overview of the NKT Law — a proposed theoretical framework that explores the interaction between position and varying inertia in physical systems. The formulation aims to extend traditional Newtonian dynamics by incorporating the possibility that inertia (mass) may not be constant, but can vary with position and time. This page is intended for academic discussion, exploration, and critique within the spirit of open scientific learning. == Theoretical Formulation == The NKT Law is based on two fundamental interaction terms: :'''S₁ = x ⋅ p''' :'''S₂ = ṁ ⋅ p''' Where: - '''x''' is position, - '''p''' is momentum, - '''ṁ''' is the time derivative of mass (i.e., varying inertia), - The dot (⋅) denotes scalar multiplication. These two multiplicative interactions are proposed to represent: - **S₁**: The classical coupling between position and momentum, echoing Hamiltonian intuition. - **S₂**: A new term that models how changes in inertia might interact with momentum, a concept not found in Newtonian mechanics. The total action-like expression is a sum of both interactions: :'''S = S₁ + S₂ = x⋅p + ṁ⋅p''' This formulation is intentionally minimalistic, focusing on clarity and testability. == Physical Motivation == Conventional physics assumes that mass (inertia) is constant in most cases. However, in scenarios like: - **Rocket propulsion** (variable mass), - **Gravitational collapse** (mass-energy distribution), - **Cosmic expansion** (large-scale structure evolution), mass may be effectively dynamic. The NKT Law hypothesizes that position-dependent inertia might lead to observable corrections in motion equations. == Example Applications == Several hypothetical contexts where the NKT Law could be tested include: * **Simple Harmonic Oscillator** – analyzing how variable inertia modifies periodic motion. * **Rocket motion** – standard variable mass mechanics might gain additional terms. * **Planetary orbits near dense gravity wells** – considering inertia influenced by position. (Full numerical models are under development in future versions of this page.) == Discussion and Critique == The NKT Law is a speculative proposal and has not yet been peer-reviewed. It is offered here as an open idea to explore extensions of classical dynamics. Constructive criticism and alternative formulations are encouraged. Readers are invited to: - Test the implications of the law in classical and relativistic scenarios, - Examine the mathematical consistency, - Explore possible experimental verifications. == References == * Nguyen, K. T. (2025). [https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.29389292 The NKT Law on Position and Varying Inertia Interaction]. ''Figshare Preprint''. * Nguyen, K. T. (2025). [https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/678EM The NKT Law (OSF Archive)]. * Discussion thread: [https://scienceforums.net/topic/136113-a-new-proposal-the-nkt-law-inertia-as-a-function-of-position/ Science Forums]. * [https://physicsdiscussionforum.org/introducing-the-nkt-law-a-new-physical-principle-l-t3111.html Physics Discussion Forum]. == Author Notes == This formulation was proposed by an independent researcher from Vietnam. The intent is academic and open-source. All content here is released under CC-BY-SA. == Licensing == This page is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. 0h77x9vzi7r4pqi5l2brxupa29um8ap 0 322211 2720039 2719980 2025-06-29T17:23:44Z Scogdill 1331941 2720039 wikitext text/x-wiki < <bdi>[[Social Victorians]]</bdi> | [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889|1889]] =Event= ==Overview== The wedding of [[Social Victorians/People/Cowley|Henry Wellesley, Viscount Dangan]] and Lady Violet Nevill ==Logistics== * 17 December 1889, Tuesday * St. George's Church, Hanover Square, Westminster ===Staff and Vendors=== * ==Related Events== * Reception * Honeymoon ==Who Was Present== ===Bride and Bridesmaids=== ====Bride==== ====Bridesmaids==== ====Pages==== ===Groom and Best Man=== ===People Who Attended=== # Could the Mrs. Frank Harris be the writer's wife? ==What People Wore== # ==Gifts== The bride got an unusually large amount of diamond jewelry, and the couple got an unusual number of "old" or antique items, especially silver. They also got a surprisingly large number of whips or driving whips, including one as well as a gun from the groom to the bride. They got no books except one Bible. ===From Tenants and Employees=== ==== Lady Violet Nevill ==== Two of these groups also presented addresses to the bride, the Bridge Castle servants and the tenants on the Eridge and Southdown estates, whose address was "illuminated." * The "tradesmen of Tunbridge Wells presented the bride with a large silver gilt looking glass"<ref name=":0" />{{rp|Col. 3b}} * "Bridge Castle servants, set of brushes and hand mirrors, with gold monogram and address"<ref name=":0" />{{rp|Col. 3b}} * "Gardeners, mechanics, and keepers on the Bridge estate, china tea service painted in violets"<ref name=":0" />{{rp|Col. 3b}} * "Tenants on the Eridge and Southdown estates, silver hunting horn and illumlnated address"<ref name=":0" />{{rp|Col. 3b}} * "Bridge teachers and scholars of the Sunday and day schools, brass salver"<ref name=":0" />{{rp|Col. 3b}} * "Committee of the Tunbridge Wells Junior Conservative Association, salver cushion in Conservative colours of Kent and Sussex"<ref name=":0" /> * "Tenants on the Draycot estate, sliver cream jug and sugar basin"<ref name=":0" />{{rp|Col. 3b}} * "Servants at Stratton-Audley, grey leather and silver blotting book and envelope case."<ref name=":0" />{{rp|Col. 3b}} ==== Lord Dangan ==== * "Southdacon farm labourers, cigarette case"<ref name=":0" />{{rp|Col. 3c}} * "The tenants the Draycot estate presented Lord Dangan with a large silver urn: [sic] andthe [sic] employês [sic] the estate gave a lamp."<ref name=":0" />{{rp|Col. 3c}} ===Unusual or Interesting Gifts=== * Whips: sixteen-bore gun and hunting whip, Hunting whip (x3), Gold mounted hunting whip, Driving whip (x2) * Eridge pony cart * Apostle spoons, Silver apostle spoons, Twelve apostle teaspoons * George III. silver bowl (x2, one given to the bride and one to the groom) * Four Spode dessert dishes * Wedgwood china * Very large white ostrich feather fan, Large white ostrich feather fan, with tortoiseshell sticks, Turkish fan * Case of silver glove stretchers, &c. * Driving rug, Driving rug * String box * Liquer case (given to the groom) * Silver razor strop * Silver stand for hunting appointments (to the groom) * Case of boot hooks * Clock and weather glass (several other clocks) * Racing bag === Books === * Bible === Furniture === * Marqueterie tray, Chippendale tea tray, Indian tray (plus a number of trays) * French armchair * Chippendale cabinet and lamp stand * Marqueterie table, Table, French table, Chippendale table, writing table (x2) * Chippendale paper case * High brass lamp * Piece of marqueterie furniture * High screen ==Anthology== The ''Devizes and Wiltshire Gazette'' published at least 2 stories about this wedding, one that addressed the wedding itself, and the one that follows here, which is about the gifts. The list of gifts is set here as an unordered list, which obscures the fact that the newspaper set the list using colons as well as semicolons, suggesting that their font had run out of semicolons — and periods as well, since they didn't punctuate the most common honorifics (Mr and Mrs).<blockquote>The marriage of Lord Dangan only son of Earl Cowley with the Lady Violet Nevill, youngest daughter of the Marquess and Marchioness of Abergavenny, took place, as announced in our last issue, on Tuesday, the 17th inst. The wedding presents presented to the bride and bridegroom were exceedingly beautiful. Those to the bride included the following gifts: — * From the bridegroom, a pearl and diamond necklace, ruby and diamond ring, turquoise and diamond pin, diamond fox pin, moonstone and diamond brooch, gold hunting watch, handsome gold mounted dressing case, with "Violet" engraved on the fittings, sixteen-bore gun, and hunting whip * The Marquess of Abergavenny gave his daughter three diamond roses, and an Eridge pony cart * The Marchioness of Abergavenny's presents included a pearl and diamond ring, enamelled and jewelled chatelaine, set of lace, and apostle spoons * Earl Cowley, a diamond bracelet * Countess Cowley, emerald and diamond ring * Marquesa de Santurce, diamond ring * Hon. T. A. and Lady Idina Brassey and Mr. and Lady Rose Leigh, diamond cluster necklace * Lord Brasaey, diamond half hoop ring * Lord and William Nevill, handsome diamond pendant * Lord Richard Nevill, pair of diamond rose bangles * Hon. Ralph and Mrs. Nevill, diamond and moonstone bangle * Lord and Lady Henry Nevill, turquoise and diamond bangle * Col Hon. F. Wellesley, ruby and diamond heart pendant * Lady Eva Wellesley, pearl and diamond ring * Mr. F. B. Mildmay, M.P., turquoise and diamond bangle * Mr. Andrew Montagu, diamond comb * Mrs. Hwfa Williams, gold bracelet with diamond and sapphire centre * Earl of Feversham, gold chain bangle * Miss Edith Lane Fox, diamond brooch * Hon. Edith Johnstone, pearl pins * Mr. J. W. Larnach, diamond brooch * Baron and Baroness Von Roemer, diamond fox bangle * Hon. Thomas Dundas, torquoise and diamond brooch * Miss Gell, coral pin * Colonel Honeywood, pearl brooch * Miss Leake, pearl and diamond pin * Mr. James Noel, solitaires * Mr. and Mrs. Temple Soanes, turquoise and diamond ring * Lady Trevor, old silver watch * Mr. and Mrs. Adrian Hope, ruby and diamond bangle * Mr. Gervase Beckett, large pearl pin * Lady George Nevill, fitted tea basket * Countess of Cottenham, pair of old silver vases * Earl of Cottenham, painted looking glass * Lord and Lady Churchill, brass lamp * Viscount and Viscountess Raincliffe, dessert service * Earl of Stradbroke, silver lamp * Viscountess Cranbrook, marqueterie tray * Lady Forbes, silver hand glass * Sir William Harcourt, bag * Lord and Lady Chesham, pair of silver lamps * Hon. Evelyn Gathorne Hardy, silver frame * Lady Sybil Knox, silver cream jug * Sir Francis Monteftore, pink mother-o'-pearl fan * Lady Sandhurst, French armchair * Lady de Trafford, pair of silver candlesticks * Hon. Assheton Harbord, dressing bag with solid gold mountings, and fitted with ivory backed brushes, with the initials "D. V." and coronet in gold * Baroness Henry de Worms, white ostrich feather fan with tortoiseshell sticks, and initials and coronet in diamonds * Sir Myles and Lady Fenton, case, containing silver shoe horn, button hook. &c,. [sic] * Lady Aline Beaumont, silver lamp * Mr. and Miss J. J. Barrow, very handsome clock, Shetland gloves. &c. * Mr. and Mrs. Beckett, silver tea service * Mr. and Mrs. H. Brassey, mother-o'-pearl fan * Mr. and Lady Isabel Bligh, clock * [[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Hon. Algernon and Mrs Bourke]], salt and pepper pots * Mr Cullum, George III. silver bowl * Lord Cheylesmore and Hon. Miss Eaton, silver bowl * Lady Blanche Conyngham, carriage clock and card case * Lady Conyers, silver candlesticks * Lady Alice Dundas, silver sugar castor * Hon. Mrs Duberley, four Spode dessert dishes * Lady Derwent, marqueterie table * Hon. Lady Filmer and Miss Fllmer, pair of silver and crystal lamps * Mr and Mrs Moreton Frewen, large gold pencil case * Captain and Mrs Philip Green, silver apostle spoons * Lady Wilson, plush writing set * Mr and Hon. Mrs Glyn, very large white ostrich feather fan * Sir Edmund and Lady Hardinge, six silver gilt coffee spoons * Captain Hon. Henry Hardinge, silver sugar castor * Colonel Hon. C and Lady Cecily Gathorne Hardy, Chippendale cabinet and lamp stand * Mr E Hatch, black lace and tortoiseshell fan with diamond monogram * Lady Selina Hervey, table * Viscount Hardinge, paper knife * Hons. L E and M Hardinge, silver mounted inkstand * Hon. Gilbert Johnstone, old silver box * Hon. Francis and Mrs Johnstone, pair of old silver salt cellars * Mrs Leigh, Dresden tea set * Miss Leigh, twelve apostle teaspoons * Mr and Hon. Mrs Charles Egerton, large white ostrich feather fan, with tortoiseshell sticks * Hon. Mrs Lowther, silver bowl; Lady Constance Lyon, gauze fan * Hon. Mrs de Lisle, silver-mounted blotting book * Mr and Mrs Gerard Leigh, Chippendale tea tray * Mr and Mrs Morland, Indian tray * Major Henry Morland, large tortoiseshell and silver box * Hon. James Mansfield, tortoiseshell and silver table knife * Mr and Mrs Charles Martin, antique brass clock * Lady Alice Morland, silver and grey leather frame * Miss Morland, a similar gift * Mr M H Milner, gold topped salts bottle * Sir F and Lady Milner, French table * Lady Augusta Mostyn, large silver box * Miss Meresia Nevill, willow pattern coffee set * Lady Dorothy Nevill, silver mounted paper cutter * Lady Perry, Miss Perry, and Mrs, [sic] Grant, set of old paste buttons * Lady Hilda Rous, painted screen * Marquis Camden and Lady Clementine Pratt, silver muffineers * Lord and Lady George Pratt, silver clothes brush * Lord Sandhurst, pair of tortoiseshell and silver candlesticks * Hon. Cecil Sandys, silver box * Countess of Stradbroke, travelling clock * Lady Caroline Sterllng, leather writing table set * Mr and Mrs Arthur Streatfeild [sic], picture * Captain Wingfield Stratford, silver frame * Mrs and Miss Streatfeild, double frame * Mr and Mrs Gerard Streatfeild, two old silver boxes * Hon. Michael Sandys, pair of sugar castors * Lord Herbert Vane-Tempest, tortoiseshell and feather fan * Lord Henry Thynne, silver sugar castor * Miss Wombwell, silver gilt tray * Mr and Miss Williams, Turkish fan * Mrs Alnut, white china ornaments * Mrs Burton, glove sachet * Rev. J J Burton, Bible * Mr and Mrs Ludovick Bligh, paper knife * Miss Bidwell, silver seal * Miss Chetwynd, case of silver glove stretchers, &c. * Miss Cripps, china ornament * Mr Thomas Coppard, driving rug * Hon. Lilah and Hon. Charles Cavendish, ivory tray * Messrs. R and S Caldwell, china vases * M and Mrs W Cripps, hunting whip * Miss H Davis, double inkstand * Mrs Duce, china vase * Mrs Dobede, silver fish pencil case * Mr and Mrs Drake, pair of silver topped bottles * Mr Davis, driving rug * Mr Dickinson, fan * Misses Eastwood, white china waiter * Mrs Eastwood, Dresden tea service * Mr and Mrs Evenden, bracket * Mrs Frewen, silver magnifying glass * Mr and Mrs Stephen Frewen, old Sèvres china * Mrs Fletcher, small gold box * Mr and Mrs Earnest Beckett, silver gilt tray * Colonel and Hon. Mrs. Leeke, gold mounted hunting whip * Mr Westley Richards, clock * Mr and Mrs Glanville, photograph of the Marquis and Marchioness of Abergavenny * Thomas Cutton, small Ivory case with scissors * Lady Frances Pratt, silver sugar sifter * Mr and Lady Georgina Field, crown Derbycups * Mr and Mrs Fort, pair of Dresden figures * Mrs Inigo Gell, silver smelling bottle * Gilbert and Co.. high iron lamp * Mr G Gladwin, ivory handled button hook * Mrs Hamilton Grace, button hook * Mrs Frank Harris, silver tray * Mr and Mrs W H Hodgkin, Chippendale table * Miss Emily Harcourt, pair of opera glasses * Miss Hoskins, picture * Mr and Mrs R Hulse, silver paper holder * Mr Charles Johnstone, silver frame * Mr F and Miss Laura Johnstone, antique spoon * Misses Maude and Kate Kemp, silver box * Mr Percy Lankester, large framed photograph of Eridge Castle * Mr Charles Luck, Wedgwood china * Misses Miles, newspaper rack * Mr and Mrs Manser, paper knife * Mrs Montefiore, Dresden cups and saucers * Miss Marsack, photograph screen * Mr Noyes, string box * Mrs and Miss Neale, lace handkerchlef and table cloth * Mr R Nevill, sliver frame * Mr J Petts, hunting whip * Mrs Rust, basket * Miss Rutherford, table cloth * Mrs Cramer Roberts, Dutch silver toys * Mrs Shiffner, old Danish brooch * Miss Stapleton, piece of old silver * Mr Sheriffe, tortoiseshell and silver paper-knife * Master Jimmy and Miss Myra Smith, photo screen * Mr H Johnstone Scott, silver box * Mr Markham Spofforth [?], Chippendale paper case * Messrs. Poile Smith, large silver shell tray * Mr F. Tidd, Iarge silver mounted tortoiseshell leaf cutter * Miss Caroline Thompson, calendar * Mr and Mrs Vigors, pair of silver frames * Miss Vigors, long silver button hook * Mrs Wilkinson, glass vase * The tradesmen of Tunbridge Wells presented the bride with a large silver gilt looking glass * Bridge Castle servants, set of brushes and hand mirrors, with gold monogram and address * Gardeners, mechanics, and keepers on the Bridge estate, china tea service painted in violets * Tenants on the Eridge and Southdown estates, silver hunting horn and illumlnated address * Bridge teachers and scholars of the Sunday and day schools, brass salver * Committee of the Tunbridge Wells Junior Conservative Association, salver cushion in Conservative colours of Kent and Sussex * Tenants on the Draycot estate, sliver cream jug and sugar basin * Servants at Stratton-Audley, grey leather and silver blotting book and envelope case The bridegroom's presents comprised: — * From the bride, diamond pin, gold watch, and travelling bag * Earl and Countess Cowley, handsome silver centre piece * Marchioness of Abergavenny, silver spoons * Duke of Wellington, George III. silver bowl * Messrs. F. and C. de Murrieta, set of five very handsome open work dessert dishes * Marquis of Worcester, smoking-room tray * Duchess of Manchester, tortoiseshell paper knife with silver handle * Lady Eva Wellesly, pearl pin * Lord Richard Nevill, liquer case * Lord and Lady George Nevill, decanters * Lord and Lady William Nevill, pair of old silver sauce boats * Lord and Lady Henry Nevill, silver hot water jug * Lord and Lady Aline Beaumont, carriage watch * Count Esterhazy, cigar case * Vlscount and Viscountess Trafalgar, sliver mounted magnifying glass * Lord Edward Somerset, decanters * Lady Decies, silver lighter box * Lady Norreys, silver razor strop * Mr and Lady Doreen Long, silver magnifying glass * Hon. Claud Hay, old silver mustard pot * Hon. Mrs Gerald Wellesley, high brass lamp * Sir W Gordon Cumming, silver cirgarette case * Mr and Lady Idina Brassey, driving whip * Lord Apsley, umbrella * Hon. Dawson, pair of silver candlesticks * Lord Henry Bruce, silver pepper and mustard pots and salt cellars * The Earl of Dudley, four small liqueur bottles * Hon. Francis and Lady Feodorowna Bertie, pearl and diamond pin * Sir John Dickson Poynder, silver stand for hunting appointments * Lady Bulkeley, writing table * Mr and Lady Rose Leigh, old silver teapot * Colonel Hon. F Wellesley, silver urn * Lord Herbert Vane-Tempest, silver cigarette box * General and Mrs Owen Williams, silver teapot * Hon. H and Lady Feodore Sturt and Sir and Lady Magdalen Bulkeley, luncheon case * Sir Thomas Dancer, inkstand * Mr and Mrs Hwfa Williams, silver kettle * Sir Oscar Clayton, silver mustard pot * Sir Gerald Codrington, silver match box * Sir Charles Hartopp, cigarette holder in gold case * Dowager Countess of Lonsdale, old ink bottle * Marquis and Marchioness of Cholmondeley, silver cigarette case * Countess of Aylesford, tortoiseshell and silver box * Earl and Countess of Hardwicke, old silver Inkstand * Mr Meredith Brown, old silver inkstand * Colonel Henn, case of boot hooks * Mr Majoribanks, writing table * Mr Fuller, silver candlesticks * Mr Audley Lovell, hunting whip * Mr Dawson, silver clock * Mr Hugh Owen, two silver mounted match boxes * Major Cotes, silver box * Mr and Mrs Sandford, piece of marqueterie furniture * Mr and Mrs Bristowe, old dessert spoons * Mr R Sheriffe, old silver flask * Colonel Townsend, cigarette box * Baron M de Tuyll, pair of silver candlesticks * Mr Caryl Craven, looking glass * Mr Berkeley Levett, old silver match box * Mr I Williams, silver cigarette case * Mr B Peel, pair of old silver candlesticks * Mr Edward Beaumont, old silver spoons * Mr Coleman, silver horn cigarette lighter * Mr Frank Gore, clock and weather glass * Mr Hugh Clutterbuck, old silver toothpick box * Mr [H?] Clutterbuck, sliver mounted decanter * Mr Graham Smith, racing bag * Mr R Charteris, silver cream jug * Mr Geoffrey Glyn, walking stick * Mr Austin Mackenzie, liqueur bottles * Hon. F Sturt, luncheon basket [listed twice?] * Mr Albert Stopford, pepper pots * Southdacon farm labourers, cigarette case * Mr Oswald Magniac, high screen * Mr J Hargreaves, grandfather's clock * Mr T Laycock, tea and coffee pots and sugar basin * Sir Roger Palmer, silver sugar basin and spoon * Captain Julian Spicer, dog cigarette lighter * Mr W Harford, silver cow cream jug * Mr Archie Miles, silver headed walking stick * Mr and Mrs Arthur Wilson, breakfast cruet and silver match box * Mr and Mrs Caldwell, cigarette lighter * Captain and Mrs Napier Miles, silver cream jug * Mr Mattingley, driving whip * Mr Seymore Gore, liqueur glasses * Mr Geoffrey Glyn, walking stick * Captain Longfietd, silver cigarette lighter * The tenants the Draycot estate presented Lord Dangan with a large silver urn: [sic] andthe [sic] employês [sic] the estate gave a lamp.<ref name=":0">"The Marriage of Lord Dangan and Lady Violet Nevill." ''Devizes and Wiltshire Gazette'' 24 December 1889, Tuesday: 8 [of 8], Col. 3a–c [of 6]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000360/18891224/068/0008. Same print title and p.</ref> </blockquote> == Notes and Questions == # ==References== {{reflist}} 0iron40zwr8yc4ewp4yr6cj1y00rpqk 2 322215 2720015 2719966 2025-06-29T15:14:47Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Paracyphononyx Gribodo, 1884 */ 2720015 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== ''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) ''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== ''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) ''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) ''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) ''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) ''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) ''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) ''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) ''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== ''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1908 (Malawi, South Africa) ''Pompilus cinereus'' Fabricius, 1775 (Yemen) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 ''('' ''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa) also in China, Europe, India) ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( ''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== g35z6vvgje2ag2q5tgcvq32k5ua79mh 2720016 2720015 2025-06-29T15:15:46Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Paraferreola Sustera, 1913 */ 2720016 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== ''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) ''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) ''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) ''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) ''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) ''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) ''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) ''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== ''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1908 (Malawi, South Africa) ''Pompilus cinereus'' Fabricius, 1775 (Yemen) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 ''('' ''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa) also in China, Europe, India) ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( ''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 7dd3agu8hbx8y9gu39ifn6y30mhmz0d 2720017 2720016 2025-06-29T15:16:26Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Platyderes Guérin-Méneville, 1844 */ 2720017 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== ''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1908 (Malawi, South Africa) ''Pompilus cinereus'' Fabricius, 1775 (Yemen) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 ''('' ''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa) also in China, Europe, India) ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( ''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== n6sd5lnl3w3sp6oi0w7dbzynaavy0tu 2720018 2720017 2025-06-29T15:18:55Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720018 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1908 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' Fabricius, 1775 (Yemen) *''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 ''('' *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== thkvddkk1a1sdu8p9547hy22tkkgpfs 2720019 2720018 2025-06-29T15:46:01Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Agenioideus Ashmead, 1902 */ 2720019 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1908 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' Fabricius, 1775 (Yemen) *''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 ''('' *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== etbjhtaokgwink7pdslpyljeh44v7si 2720020 2720019 2025-06-29T15:46:49Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Agenioideus Ashmead, 1902 */ 2720020 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1908 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' Fabricius, 1775 (Yemen) *''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 ''('' *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== f8hb28cv8v3sduzxd13fif4iejm67c7 2720021 2720020 2025-06-29T15:52:08Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Paraferreola Sustera, 1913 */ 2720021 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1908 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' Fabricius, 1775 (Yemen) *''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 ''('' *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 9xm7q0a54gouj0ep3xo55m5iek8gut2 2720022 2720021 2025-06-29T15:55:52Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Argyroclitus Arnold, 1937 */ 2720022 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1908 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' Fabricius, 1775 (Yemen) *''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 ''('' *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== i9dj1xvlga2ejx33at3mztiusda7hu6 2720023 2720022 2025-06-29T16:01:21Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720023 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937 *''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== tvv4v0klolr82mrqz53mzsbs5nt84ej 2720024 2720023 2025-06-29T16:01:55Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720024 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937 *''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 56jwos3mmohsyguofd42wgsa7upldv0 2720025 2720024 2025-06-29T16:02:37Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720025 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== oa1l5sc5xd5afakh6b0o4aeaogbg3kq 2720026 2720025 2025-06-29T16:11:33Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Paraferreola Sustera, 1913 */ 2720026 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 5caudaxzlk84giq0qog1bidmt0n37o6 2720027 2720026 2025-06-29T16:15:28Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Anoplius Dufour, 1834 */ 2720027 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Pompilus masaiensis'' is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== rz50z4a1qm7s6cdcdgi9lum2oelew2b 2720028 2720027 2025-06-29T16:22:16Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Anoplius Dufour, 1834 */ 2720028 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== jzn4e4ni3ne60qt29rri3llj05pw30d 2720029 2720028 2025-06-29T16:24:11Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Dicyrtomellus Gussakovskij, 1935 */ 2720029 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== ''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> ''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> ''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318<br> ''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also ''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> ''Java'' <br> ''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> ''Monodontonyx'' <br> ''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> ''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> *Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. *''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. ''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== aq2vtwja546x2bgwy5abbt8vir9xcc5 2720030 2720029 2025-06-29T16:35:34Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Other Afrotropical Pepsinae */ 2720030 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **= ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== k4xysyst5vcy147hdmb3ywyay2z8f5f 2720031 2720030 2025-06-29T16:36:40Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Other Afrotropical Pepsinae */ 2720031 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== dt70swgm7x1asx0ef7658rxrspy2ito 2720032 2720031 2025-06-29T16:45:15Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Anoplius Dufour, 1834 */ 2720032 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== m0fao9kijta2lo5yybsnkd6y51w10wf 2720033 2720032 2025-06-29T16:50:12Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Anoplius Dufour, 1834 */ 2720033 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa; also in China, Europe, India) *''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 ( *''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 ( *''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) *''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1908 ( ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 1qy4j9kgyxfdzfth1dc0apg3yyeorjr 2720034 2720033 2025-06-29T16:53:51Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720034 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== owcvgkaty4qdqekx9zpcgzmuq6q1vm8 2720035 2720034 2025-06-29T16:54:43Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720035 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== h8hnz9682r88eqrbmus8u8e9rgmqmak 2720036 2720035 2025-06-29T16:55:36Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Amblyellus Day, 1981 */ 2720036 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== kh5tuakxkvlk7m9uiq332bloyuk2cmf 2720037 2720036 2025-06-29T16:56:45Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Other Afrotropical Pepsinae */ 2720037 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 7zbjw6mukjq1gfojqyj2j7ra86z5wkx 2720041 2720037 2025-06-29T18:20:56Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720041 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= Psammochares latilabris Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 3x24r2m6nq0aop4j37tpwci6s0tkqc3 2720042 2720041 2025-06-29T18:21:18Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720042 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== gsw8fdkrinvlx38nxp5gf8szpv2yfpa 2720043 2720042 2025-06-29T18:22:57Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Psammochares Latreille, 1796 */ 2720043 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 3no5w78iwit802xhz5q98v22fnxjpr1 2720044 2720043 2025-06-29T18:23:27Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Psammochares Latreille, 1796 */ 2720044 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 56h8heu296k54u4ql8igezvw2y2mvcb 2720045 2720044 2025-06-29T18:26:12Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Psammochares Latreille, 1796 */ 2720045 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== fri079tsttdxbxiz3ggfpf2z7izy2r2 2720047 2720045 2025-06-29T18:27:03Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720047 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== hxtdphkrf0vemdok8bp0go758ec9vrd 2720048 2720047 2025-06-29T18:33:14Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720048 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 53schuh17w5gsq0fjd35bkvwfdx22do 2720049 2720048 2025-06-29T18:37:29Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720049 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 4uiou86rspxwp904ohyuu19x92y848o 2720050 2720049 2025-06-29T18:38:47Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720050 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981] (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRMT CoL 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== p7f4l8stf36z5kkclxmre9fu5bdfn6h 2720051 2720050 2025-06-29T18:39:35Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720051 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981] ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRMT CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== kg6u9umjs86i2dbvxlwtf4jhx2q4195 2720052 2720051 2025-06-29T18:46:15Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720052 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981] ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRMT CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 (Mozambique, South Africa) **= ''Pompilus pilosus'' Smith, 1879 is a synonym of ''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6W6CP CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== l7i5ls0o0lwjz3rqzyrwn1fwys4s1p9 2720053 2720052 2025-06-29T18:47:20Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720053 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981] ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRMT CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 (Mozambique, South Africa) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus pilosus'' Smith, 1879 is a synonym of ''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6W6CP CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 98mb9t1l3ow81iks26335m3nmk5snp6 2720054 2720053 2025-06-29T18:51:02Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720054 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981] ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRMT CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 (Mozambique, South Africa) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus pilosus'' Smith, 1879 is a synonym of ''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6W6CP CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus niveus'' Saunders, 1901 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247090 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 0lpret9avakixgxyykvtf4t5t9yp951 2720055 2720054 2025-06-29T18:55:53Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720055 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981] ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRMT CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 (Mozambique, South Africa) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus pilosus'' Smith, 1879 is a synonym of ''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6W6CP CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus niveus'' Saunders, 1901 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247090 Day, 1981]) (Algeria, Chad, Egypt) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== r8ewaiebvl1y4q6bfuzkm13fbhbv98u 2720056 2720055 2025-06-29T18:57:14Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720056 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' (Botswana) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981] ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRMT CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 (Mozambique, South Africa) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus pilosus'' Smith, 1879 is a synonym of ''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6W6CP CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus niveus'' Saunders, 1901 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247090 Day, 1981]) (Algeria, Chad, Egypt) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== qqamlanagwq4th68w1u5ucm8f66oms5 2720057 2720056 2025-06-29T18:59:18Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720057 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRGJ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' (Botswana) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981] ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRMT CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 (Mozambique, South Africa) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus pilosus'' Smith, 1879 is a synonym of ''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6W6CP CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus niveus'' Saunders, 1901 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247090 Day, 1981]) (Algeria, Chad, Egypt) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 06xe75xkqnc4l89uhp6nhpon38dp10s 2720058 2720057 2025-06-29T19:03:50Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720058 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRGJ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' (Botswana) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981] ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRMT CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Yemen) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247113 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 (Mozambique, South Africa) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus pilosus'' Smith, 1879 is a synonym of ''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6W6CP CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus niveus'' Saunders, 1901 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247090 Day, 1981]) (Algeria, Chad, Egypt) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== aal81vsybpxxfx925ps07ege1j8rph2 2720059 2720058 2025-06-29T19:09:28Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilus Fabricius */ 2720059 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRGJ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' (Botswana) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981] ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRMT CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Throughout the continental Old World including Africa, Canary Islands, Madagascar) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247113 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 (Mozambique, South Africa) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus pilosus'' Smith, 1879 is a synonym of ''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6W6CP CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus niveus'' Saunders, 1901 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247090 Day, 1981]) (Algeria, Chad, Egypt) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== dwixvdcgnna9l2ud0buzh03yxpift11 2720060 2720059 2025-06-29T19:27:32Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Ferreoloides Haupt, 1919 */ 2720060 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides braunsi'' (Kohl, 1894) (Cameroon) **= ''Pompilioides braunsi'' is a synonym of ''Ferreoloides braunsi'' *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRGJ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' (Botswana) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981] ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRMT CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Throughout the continental Old World including Africa, Canary Islands, Madagascar) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247113 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 (Mozambique, South Africa) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus pilosus'' Smith, 1879 is a synonym of ''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6W6CP CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus niveus'' Saunders, 1901 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247090 Day, 1981]) (Algeria, Chad, Egypt) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 (Cameroon) *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== kah0gkiq365z1b5jwi10m0xmw6itupi 2720061 2720060 2025-06-29T19:27:46Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilioides Radley, 1887 */ 2720061 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides braunsi'' (Kohl, 1894) (Cameroon) **= ''Pompilioides braunsi'' is a synonym of ''Ferreoloides braunsi'' *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRGJ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' (Botswana) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981] ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRMT CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Throughout the continental Old World including Africa, Canary Islands, Madagascar) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247113 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 (Mozambique, South Africa) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus pilosus'' Smith, 1879 is a synonym of ''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6W6CP CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus niveus'' Saunders, 1901 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247090 Day, 1981]) (Algeria, Chad, Egypt) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 is a synonym of ''Ferreoloides braunsi'' ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== flfb0khtnl3irt7q5rphuq55jd07vel 2720062 2720061 2025-06-29T19:33:50Z Alandmanson 1669821 /* Genus Pompilioides Radley, 1887 */ 2720062 wikitext text/x-wiki Done to Genus Euryzonotulus Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. ==Afrotropical Ctenocerinae== - Key in Arnold, 1932 (Arnold, G. 1932. The Psammocharidae of the Ethiopian region. Part II. Subfamily Claveliinae, Haupt. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 41-122.)<br> - Claveliinae corrected to Ctenocerinae in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.386-388<br> - Several new genera and species in Arnold, G. 1934 pp.388-399<br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pepsinae== Pepsinae can be defined by: *sternite 2 with a distinct transverse groove; *mesofemur and metafemur without subapical spine-like setae set in grooves or pits; *metatibia with apical spine-like setae of uniform length, setae not splayed; and *vein Cu1 of fore wing is simple at its base, without any definite downward deflection, i.e. the second discal cell (2D) is without a ‘pocket’.<ref name=Waichert2015></ref><ref name=Brothers1993>Brothers, D. J. & Finnamore. (1993). Superfamily Vespoidea. In Goulet, H. & Huber, J. T. (Eds.). (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 161-278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259227143</ref> These spider wasps display a range of nesting behaviours: *using preexisting cavities; *using the immobilised spider’s burrow; *digging a burrow in soil; *building nests of mud; *parasitoids; and *kleptoparasites.<ref name=Waichert2015> Waichert, C., Rodriguez, J., Wasbauer, M. S., Von Dohlen, C. D., & Pitts, J. P. (2015). Molecular phylogeny and systematics of spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): redefining subfamily boundaries and the origin of the family. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 175(2), 271-287.</ref> ===Tribe Ageniellini (Mud-nesting Spider Wasps)=== Genus ''Arpactomorpha'' - One Afrotropical species (Uganda)<br> Genus ''Auplopus'' - Many Afrotropical species, 36 in SA. Many described as ''Pseudagenia'' in Arnold, 1934, pp. 290-364.<br> Genus ''Cyemagenia'' - 6 Afrotropical species, 3 in SA. (Arnold, 1934, pp. 380-385.)<br> Genus ''Dichragenia'' - 3 Afrotropical species, 2 in SA. (in waspweb; ''Pseudagenia'' in iNat).<br> *''D. pulchricoma'' = ''Pseudagenia pulchricoma'' Arnold, 1934, p. 337-340<br> *''D. neavei'' = ''Pseudagenia mygnimioides'' Arnold, 1934, pp.336-337 and ''Pseudagenia neavei'' Kohl 1913<br> Genus ''Phanagenia'' - 2 Afrotropical species (Madagascar)<br> Genus ''Poecilagenia'' - 8 Afrotropical species, 4 in SA. - Arnold, 1934, p. 373-377.<br> *also ''Poecilagenia spinosipes'' = ''Trachyglyptus spinosipes'' Arnold, 1934, p. 377-379<br> Also in Ageniellini are the genera ''Ageniella'', ''Eragenia'', ''Fabriogenia'', ''Machaerothrix'', ''Macromerella'', ''Paragenia'', ''Priocnemella'' - No Afrotropical spp. indicated in waspweb (2025) ===Other Afrotropical Pepsinae=== *''Cryptocheilus'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370 **= ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Cyphononyx '' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.370<br> *''Diplonyx'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Dipogon'' = ''Deuteragenia turneri'', ''D. dregei'', ''D. chirindensis'', ''D. bicolor'' (Arnold, 1934, p. 367-372.)<br> *''Hemipepsis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.318 **''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884) =''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> *''Hormopogonius'' (''Hormopogonius willowmorensis'' = ''Calicurgus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1932 p.395); also *''H. tenuicornis'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 379-380<br> *''Java'' <br> *''Micragenia'' - Genus and 2 spp. described in Arnold, 1934 p.286-288.<br> *''Monodontonyx'' <br> *''Phanagenia'' (Madagascar)<br> *''Priocnemis'' - Key in Arnold, 1932 p.379<br> **Also ''Priocnernis aterrimus'' Arnold, 1934, pp. 385-386. **''Priocnemis meridionalis'' Arnold, 1934, p. 386. *''Schistonyx'' <br> <br> <br> ==Afrotropical Pompilinae== List of genera and species from [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm '''<u>https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Classification/index.htm</u>''']<br> Arnold (1937, p. 75-81) includes a "Key to the tribes and genera of the subfamily Psammocharinae" (Pompilinae) === '''Genus''' ''Aeluropetrus'' Arnold, 1936 === *''Aeluropetrus braunsi'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Aeluropetrus lugubris'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/index.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus</u>''] Arnold, 1934 === *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Aetheopompilus/Aetheopompilus_obliquetruncatus.htm ''<u>Aetheopompilus obliquetruncatus</u>''] Arnold, 1934; descr. in Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Mozambique) ==='''Genus''' ''Agenioideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908) (Mali) **= ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 *''Agenioideus lascivus'' (Cameron, 1891) (?) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5TS6V 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rutilus'' (Klug, 1834) (Yemen) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6M 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus rufipes'' (Arnold, 1937) (Namibia) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S6L 2025-06-28 *''Agenioideus waltlii'' (Spinola, 1838)(Ghana, Zimbabwe) Accepted species in https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Agenioideus cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28 ** = ''Psammochares cinnamomeus'' (Arnold, 1937, p52) https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/65S86 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Psammochares brevis'' (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBRN 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus decipiens'' (Bischoff, 1913) (South Africa) is an ambiguous synonym of ''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NBSZ 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber''(https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6WBTC 2025-06-28)<br> ''Agenioideus nudatus'' (Smith, 1855) (?) is a synonym of ''Pompilus nudatus'' Smith, 1855<br> (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LSLC 2025-06-28) ''Agenioideus rotundilabris'' (Arnold, 1937) (South Africa) - should be ''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.)? ''A. rotundilabris'' is not in CoL 2025-06-28<br> ''Agenioideus varians'' (Arnold, 1937) is a synonym of ''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937 (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4NC29 2025-06-28)<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Amblyellus'' Day, 1981=== *''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) (Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) **= ''Psammochares willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 51. **= ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ==='''Genus''' ''Anoplius'' Dufour, 1834=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 59. *''Anoplius aethiopicus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Anoplius alecto'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Anoplius bifasciatus'' Tullgren, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.60 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Uganda) *''Anoplius concinnus'' (Dahlbom, 1845) (Yemen) *''Anoplius fuscus'' L. 1761; descr. of several African varieties in Arnold, 1937, p. 65 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe) **''Anoplius fuscus'' ''excelsior'' Arnold, 1950 (Tanzania) *''Anoplius montanus'' Haupt, 1950 (Benin, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Malawi, Principe Island, Senegal, South Africa, Togo) *''Anoplius morosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 64 (Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Anoplius octomaculatus'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) *''Anoplius panmelas'' (Saussure, 1891) (Madagascar) *''Anoplius saegeri'' Arnold, 1937, p. 61 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 63 (Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Anoplius successor'' (Cameron, 1910) (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe) is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **= ''Anoplius fuscus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Anoplius viridicatus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 62 (West Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Apareia'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Apareia multipicta rufifemur'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.449 (Zimbabwe) *''Apareia oedipus'' Kohl, 1886; descr. (synonymized?) as ''A. multipicta'' by Arnold, 1935, p.449 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporinellus'' Banks, 1911=== *''Aporinellus bidens'' (Saussure, 1892) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Aporoideus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Aporoideus clarus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Arachnospila'' Kincaid, 1900=== *''Arachnospila (Ammosphex) consobrina heringi'' (Haupt, 1928) (California, Canary Islands, Spain, Tanzania, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Argyroclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 26. *''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 27 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym (https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/GJN8 2025-05-29) *''Argyroclitus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 29 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 28 (Zimbabwe) *''Argyroclitus ruwenzoriensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 30 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Atelostegus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Atelostegus thrinax'' (Kohl, 1909) (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Atopopompilus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 22. *''Atopompilus jacens'' (Bingham, 1912) (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen) *''Atopompilus marshalli'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Atopopompilus venans mlanjiensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 24 (Ghana) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/index.htm ''<u>Bambesa</u>''] Arnold, 1936=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Bambesa/Bambesa_grisea.htm ''<u>Bambesa grisea</u>''] Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/index.htm ''<u>Batozonellus</u>''] Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.2. *''Batozonellus capensis'' (Dahlbom, 1843); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.6 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Batozonellus/Batozonellus_fuliginosus.htm ''<u>Batozonellus fuliginosus</u>''] (Klug, 1834); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.3 (Central Africa, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Batozonellus gowdeyi'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.7 (Sierra Leone, Uganda) *''Batozonellus madecassus'' (Saussure, 1887) (Madagascar) *''Batozonellus separabilis'' (Turner, 1916); descr. Arnold, 1937, p.9 (Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Batozonus'' Ashmead, 1902=== *''Batozonus bipunctatus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Batozonus capensis'' Dahlbom, 1940 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Cliochares'' Banks, 1940=== *''Cliochares convexus'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) ==='''Genus''' ''Cordyloscelis'' Arnold, 1935=== *''Cordyloscelis bequaerti'' Arnold, 1935, p.420 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Cordyloscelis flavipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.424 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis latipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.417 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis namaqua'' Arnold, 1935, p.423 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis nigerrimus'' Arnold, 1935, p.421 (South Africa) *''Cordyloscelis parallelus'' Arnold, 1946 (Zimbabwe) *''Cordyloscelis ugandensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.425 (Congo, Uganda) ==='''Genus''' ''Ctenagenia'' Saussure, 1892=== *''Ctenagenia vespiformis'' (Klug, 1834) (Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Yemen) === '''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/index.htm ''<u>Dromochares</u>''] Haupt, 1930 === *''Dromochares clavipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (Zimbabwe) *''Dromochares fumipennis'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Dromochares premnopterus'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) *''Dromochares rufipes'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Dromochares/Dromochares_transvaalensis.htm ''Dromochares transvaalensis''] Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Dicyrtomellus'' Gussakovskij, 1935=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p.14. *''Dicyrtomellus anomalipes'' Arnold, 1937, p.20 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus argenteodecoratus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.21 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus griseus'' Arnold, 1937, p.17 (Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus impressus'' Arnold, 1937, p.18 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus leptacanthius'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.16 (Ethiopia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) **= ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Dicyrtomellus neavei'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Congo) *''Dicyrtomellus rufofemoratus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.17 (South Africa) *''Dicyrtomellus sexspinosus'' (Saunders, 1901) = ''Dicyrtomellus pectinatus'' Arnold, 1937, p.19 (Sudan) ==='''Genus''' ''Elaphrosyron'' Haupt, 1930=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 40. *''Elaphrosyron insidiosus'' Smith, 1879; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.41 (Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Elaphrosyron multipictus'' Arnold, 1937, p.42 (Uganda) *''Elaphrosyron pauperculus'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Epiclinotus'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Epiclinotus capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus erythrurus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.465 (South Africa) *''Epiclinotus turneri'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.466 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/index.htm ''<u>Episyron</u>''] Schiødte, 1837=== *''Episyron argillaceus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zambia) *''Episyron bequaerti'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron bicinctus'' Bischoff, 1913 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron braunsii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron crassicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique, Uganda) *''Episyron gryps'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Episyron/Episyron_histrio.htm ''Episyron histrio''] Lepeletier, 1845 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron pedunculatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Liberia) *''Episyron solitaneum'' Kohl, 1906 (Yemen) *''Episyron tropicalis'' Arnold, 1936 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Episyron turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Episyron viduus'' Arnold, 1936 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Episyron vindex'' Smith, 1879 (Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/index.htm Euclavelia]'' Arnold, 1932=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Euclavelia/Euclavelia_fasciata.htm ''Euclavelia fasciata''] Arnold, 1932 (South Africa) *''Euclavelia longicollis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Euryzonotulus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 38. *''Euryzonotulus nigeriensis'' Arnold, 1937 (Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreola'' Lepeletier, 1845=== *''Ferreola auranticornis'' Wahis, 2000 (Eritrea, Yemen) ==='''Genus''' ''Ferreoloides'' Haupt, 1919=== *''Ferreoloides basutorum'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) *''Ferreoloides braunsi'' (Kohl, 1894) (Cameroon) **= ''Pompilioides braunsi'' is a synonym of ''Ferreoloides braunsi'' *''Ferreoloides versutus'' Arnold, 1960 (Lesotho) ==='''Genus''' ''Galactopterus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 32. *''Galactopterus otaviensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 33 (South Africa) *''Galactopterus rufipes'' Arnold, 1937, p. 32 (Namibia, South Africa) *''Galactopterus simillimus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 34 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Guichardia'' Arnold, 1951=== *''Guichardia macilenta'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana, South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hadropompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== *''Hadropompilus braunsi'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) *''Hadropompilus montanus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Hauptiella'' Arnold, 1936=== *''Hauptiella multipicta'' Arnold, 1936 ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/index.htm ''Herpetosphex''] Arnold, 1940=== *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Herpetosphex/Herpetosphex_staphylinoides.htm ''Herpetosphex staphylinoides''] Arnold, 1940 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Homonotus'' Dahlbom, 1844=== Dahlbom 1843 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796238) or Dahlbom, 1844 (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15796653)? *''Homonotus aegyptiacus'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.469 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus coxalis'' Arnold, 1935, p.478 (South Africa) *''Homonotus disparilis'' Turner, 1917; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.473 (South Africa) *''Homonotus dispersus'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus dissectus'' Arnold, 1935, p.474 (South Africa) *''Homonotus excavatus'' Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus fuscipes'' Arnold, 1935, p.475 (South Africa) *''Homonotus imitans'' Arnold, 1935, p.477 (Zimbabwe) *''Homonotus leptogaster'' Arnold, 1935, p.476 (South Africa) *''Homonotus ruficornis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.472 (South Africa) *''Homonotus rukwaensis'' Arnold, 1946 (Tanzania) *''Homonotus sansibaricus'' Arnold, 1935, p.471 (Zanzibar) ==='''Genus''' ''Idopompilus'' Haupt, 1930=== *''Idopompilus algoensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus algoensis major'' Arnold, 1935 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus braunsi'' Kohl, 1899 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus brunnescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschi handlirschi'' Arnold, 1936 (?) *''Idopompilus handlirschi basutorum'' Arnold, 1959 (Lesotho, South Africa) *''Idopompilus fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1946 (Lesotho) *''Idopompilus gracilicornis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus handlirschii'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Idopompilus krugeri'' Haupt, 1930 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Idopompilus quadrifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Kolposphex'' Arnold, 1959=== *''Kolposphex atronitens'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Kyphopompilus'' Arnold, 1960=== *''Kyphopompilus flavipes'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microdrapetes'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 30 *''Microdrapetes bellus'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Microphadnus'' Cameron, 1904=== Description of genus in Arnold, 1937, p. 67. *''Microphadnus bicolor'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 68 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Paracyphononyx'' Gribodo, 1884=== *''Paracyphononyx affinis'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx africanus'' Rad., 1881 (Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx capensis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx carinatus'' Rad., 1881 Angola, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx coloratus'' Haupt, 1929 (Cameroon) *''Paracyphononyx difficilis'' Bischoff, 1913 (Malai, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversipes'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx diversus'' Dahlbom, 1845 (Central and East Africa to South Africa, Yemen) *''Paracyphononyx elliotti'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx frustratus'' Smith, 1879 (South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx funebris'' Magretti, 1884 (Ethiopia) *''Paracyphononyx gemellus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx laboriosus'' Arnold, 1936 (Ethiopia, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx languidus'' Haupt, 1929 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx lukombensis'' Cameron, 1912 (Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia) *''Paracyphononyx metemmensis'' Magretti, 1884 (Ghana, Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx mombassicus'' R. Luc., 1898 (Kenya) *''Paracyphononyx montanus'' Arnold, 1960 (South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx parallelus'' Haupt, 1929 (Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa) *''Paracyphononyx petiolaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx plutonis'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Paracyphononyx rotundinervis'' Cameron, 1910 (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda) *''Paracyphononyx ruficrus'' Klug, 1834 (Asia Minor, Egypt, South Africa, Yemen, Zimbabwe) *''Paracyphononyx zonatus'' Illiger,1802 (Mali, South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Paraferreola'' Sustera, 1913=== *''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) **= ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) **= ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908? (1910?) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Paraferreola melanostoma'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.439 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Paraferreola spilopus'' Cameron, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.441 (South Africa) *''Paraferreola soleana'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.443 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Platyderes'' Guérin-Méneville, 1844=== *''Platyderes bicolor'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.454 (South Africa) *''Platyderes chalybeus'' Saussure, 1892 (or Tasch. 1880?); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.456 (East Africa, South Africa) *''Platyderes drègii'' Brauns, 1899; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.457 (South Africa) *''Platyderes erythrocephalus'' Guerin, **** (Madagascar) *''Platyderes flavoscutellatus'' Arnold, 1960 (Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes oraniensis'' Arnold, 1935, p.456 (South Africa) *''Platyderes rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.461 (Ethiopia, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes saussurei'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Platyderes spoliatus'' Cameron, 1910; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.462 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Platyderes vicinus'' Arnold, 1935, p.460 (South Africa) *''Platyderes wasmanni'' Brauns, 1904; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.459 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilus'' Fabricius=== *''Pompilus alpinus'' Arnold, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo) (CoL has ''Pompilus alpinus'' Kohl; https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRF8 2025-06-29) *''Pompilus anomalopterus'' Cameron, 1910 (Malawi, South Africa) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRGJ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus bilineatus'' (Arnold, 1937, p. 50) (South Africa) **= ''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus bilineatus'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247094 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus botswana'' (Botswana) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981] ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4LRMT CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar, Malawi) **= ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) *''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775) (Throughout the continental Old World including Africa, Canary Islands, Madagascar) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247113 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)<br> *''Pompilus ignobilis'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) *''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 (Mozambique, South Africa) ([https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247092 Day, 1981]) **= ''Pompilus pilosus'' Smith, 1879 is a synonym of ''Pompilus irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1853 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6W6CP CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Pompilus levis'' Arnold, 1951 (Ghana) *''Pompilus niveus'' Saunders, 1901 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247090 Day, 1981]) (Algeria, Chad, Egypt) *''Pompilus shirae'' Arnold, 1950 (Democratic Republic of Congo) Accepted species. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) ''Pompilus contrarius'' Arnold, 1951 (Mali) is a synonym of ''Agenioideus benedictus'' (Cameron, 1908)<br> ''Pompilus curvifrons'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910)<br> ''Pompilus erythrostomus'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Argyroclitus fasciatipennis'' Arnold, 1937<br> ''Pompilus exploratrix'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Paraferreola curvifrons'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus masaiensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus meruensis'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Dicyrtomellus meruensis'' (Cameron, 1910) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus plumbeus'' Fabricius, 1787 (Widespread through Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Mali, Senegal, South Africa); also in China, Europe, India) is a synonym of ''Pompilus cinereus'' (Fabricius, 1775)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus sacchii'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Hemipepsis unifasciatus sacchii'' (Magretti, 1884)([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus successor'' Cameron, 1908 is a synonym of ''Anoplius subfasciatus'' Arnold, 1937. ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus vanutelli'' Magretti, 1898 is a synonym of ''Anoplius viaticus viaticus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa) is a synonym of ''Amblyellus willowmorensis'' (Arnold, 1937) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ''Pompilus yngvei'' Cameron, 1910 is a synonym of ''Cryptocheilus morosus'' (Arnold, 1932) ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29])<br> ==='''Genus''' ''Pompilioides'' Radley, 1887=== *''Pompilioides decipiens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides latifrons'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides trifasciatus'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) *''Pompilioides validus'' Arnold, 1936; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 73 (Zimbabwe) ''Pompilioides braunsi'' Kohl, 1894 is a synonym of ''Ferreoloides braunsi'' ==='''Genus''' ''Pompiloides''=== *''Pompiloides pruinosus'' Smith, 1855; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 74 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Pompiloides rhodesianus'' Bischoff, 1913 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Psammochares'' Latreille, 1796=== Description of genus and key to species in Arnold, 1937, p. 43. *''Psammochares bilineatus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) *''Psammochares brevis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 50 (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus brevis'' (Arnold, 1937) *''Psammochares brunniventris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares decipiens'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Botswana, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares gibber'' Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ** = ''Agenioideus gibber'' is a synonym of ''Psammochares gibber'' ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29]) *''Psammochares insidiosus'' Smith, 1879 (Ethiopia, Malawi, South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares irpex'' Gerstaecker, 1859; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.48 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares jocaste'' Banks, 1940 (Madagascar) *''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937, p. 47 (Malawi, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares quadriguttatus'' Arnold, 1937 (Ethiopia, Tanzania) *''Psammochares rotundilabris''(Arnold, 1937, p.53.) (South Africa) ** = ''Agenioideus rotundilabris''? *''Psammochares rufigaster'' Arnold, 1937, p. 54 (South Africa) *''Psammochares rutilus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 58 (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sudan, Zimbabwe) *''Psammochares varians'' Arnold, 1937, p. 55 (South Africa) ''Psammochares latilabris'' Arnold, 1937 is a synonym of ''Pompilus cadmius'' Saussure, 1891 ([https://www.catalogueoflife.org/ CoL 2025-06-29], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2247096 Day, 1981]) ''Psammochares gibber'' (= ''Agenioideus gibber'' (Arnold, 1937)?) Descr. Arnold, 1937, p. 52 ==='''Genus''' ''Psammoderes'' Haupt, 1929=== *''Psammoderes capensis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 70 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes collaris'' Saussure, 1891 (Madagascar) *''Psammoderes fuliginosus'' Arnold, 1935, p.438 (Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes lightfooti'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes longicollis'' Arnold, 1937, p. 69 (Democratic Republic of Congo) *''Psammoderes major'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.433 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes mimicus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.434 (South Africa) *''Psammoderes semirufus'' Haupt, 1929; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.436 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *''Psammoderes reputatus'' Kohl, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1935, p.437 (Congo, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/index.htm ''<u>Pseudoclavelia</u>''] Haupt, 1930=== ''Pseudoclavelia argenteosignata'' Arnold, 1936 (Botswana, Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia bituberculata'' Arnold, 1962 (Zimbabwe) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_damarensis.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia damarensis''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia jouberti'' Kohl, 1900 (South Africa) [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Pseudoclavelia/Pseudoclavelia_nitidula.htm <u>''Pseudoclavelia nitidula'' ''nitidula''</u>] Arnold, 1936 (Namibia) ''Pseudoclavelia nitidula bechuanae'' Arnold, 1959 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia rhodesiana'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Pseudoclavelia rufescens'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ''Pseudoclavelia willowmorensis'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pseudopompilus'' Costa, 1887=== ''Pseudopompilus funereus'' Arnold, 1935, p.444 (Zimbabwe, Namibia) ''Pseudopompilus hyalinipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ''Pseudopompilus lacteipennis'' Arnold, 1935, p.446 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Psyllosphex'' Arnold, 1935=== ''Psyllosphex dentatus'' (Cameron, 1904); descr. Arnold, 1935, p.482 (South Africa) ''Psyllosphex myrmosaeformis'' Arnold, 1935, p.482 (Zimbabwe) ''Psyllosphex saltator'' Arnold, 1935, p.480 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Pygmachus'' Haupt, 1930=== ''Pygmachus compressus'' Saussure, 1892 (Madagascar) ''Pygmachus umbratus'' Haupt, 1930 (Guinea, South Africa, Zanzibar, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Rhynchopompilus'' Arnold, 1934=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 37. ''Rhynchopompilus cursor'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Schistonyx'' Saussure, 1887=== ''Schistonyx aterrimus'' Arnold, 1946 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx prismaticus'' Saussure, 1890 (Madagascar) ''Schistonyx sinuatus'' Bischoff, 1913; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (South Africa) ''Schistonyx sheppardi'' Arnold, 1937, p.13 (Zimbabwe) ''Schistonyx umbrosus'' Klug, 1834; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.10 (Throughout Africa, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Syria, Zimbabwe) Most common pompilid in Zimbabwe (Arnold, 1937, p.12) ==='''Genus''' ''Schizanoplius'' Cameron, 1904=== ''Schizanoplius lutarius'' (Saussure, 1834)(Ghana, Mali, Madagascar) ''Schizanoplius violaceipennis'' Cameron, 1904 (South Africa) ==='''Genus''' ''Spuridiophorus'' Arnold, 1934=== ''Spuridiophorus capensis'' Arnold, 1934 (South Africa) ''Spuridiophorus inermis'' Arnold, 1934 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus maculipennis'' Arnold, 1936 (Zimbabwe) ''Spuridiophorus turneri'' Arnold, 1936 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Syntomoclitus'' Arnold, 1937=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 25. *''Syntomoclitus bicolor'' Arnold, 1937 (South Africa, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' [https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/index.htm ''<u>Tachypompilus</u>''] Ashmead, 1902=== ''Tachypompilus ovambo'' and ''Tachypompilus vitripennis'' were described as ''Afropompilus'' Arnold, 1937, p. 71-72. *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ignitus.htm ''Tachypompilus ignitus''] (Smith, 1855) (South Africa, Zimbabwe) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_ovambo.htm ''Tachypompilus ovambo''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 71) (Namibia) *''Tachypompilus praepotens'' (Kohl, 1894) (South Africa, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zanzibar) *[https://www.waspweb.org/Pompiloidea/Pompilidae/Pompilinae/Tachypompilus/Tachypompilus_vitripennis.htm ''Tachypompilus vitripennis''] (Arnold, 1937, p. 72) (Malawi, Zimbabwe) ==='''Genus''' ''Telostegus'' Costa, 1887=== Description of genus and species in Arnold, 1937, p. 35. *''Telostegus capensis'' Arnold, 1937; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.37 (South Africa) *''Telostegus fuscipennis'' Cameron, 1905; descr. Arnold, 1937, p.35 (South Africa) *''Telostegus insidiosus'' (Smith, 1879) (Yemen) *''Telostegus sabulicola'' Priesner, 1955 (Algeria, Egypt, Marocco, Senegal, Yemen) ==References== 6hjpqox13exkvrxs9z00lvustouktvt 0 322225 2720012 2025-06-29T14:59:49Z Lbeaumont 278565 Created the essay 2720012 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w:Ideology|Ideology]] is a powerful tool for organizing thought, identity, and action.<ref>[[w:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] generated this text responding to the prompt: “Write and essay with the title: ‘Ideology curtails curiosity’”.</ref> It offers coherence, clarity, and a ready-made framework for understanding the world. But the very structure that gives ideology its strength also imposes limits. When held [[Seeking True Beliefs#Rigidity|rigidly]], ideology curtails curiosity—dulling the urge to explore, to question, and to see beyond the boundaries of a pre-approved worldview. Curiosity begins with not-knowing. It thrives in [[Embracing Ambiguity|ambiguity]], tension, and the willingness to venture into uncomfortable territory. It is a generative force, powered by questions like ''“What if?”'' and ''“Why not?”'' But ideology, by design, often provides answers before the questions have been fully asked. It reduces complexity to certainty. Where curiosity opens, ideology closes. This closure can be subtle. It may appear as a confident dismissal of alternative perspectives, a reflexive skepticism toward evidence that contradicts the favored narrative, or a tendency to associate unfamiliar ideas with threat. The result is [[w:Epistemic_closure#Epistemic_closure_in_U.S._political_discussion|epistemic closure]]: a self-sealing bubble of belief that filters out dissonant information. Within this bubble, not only is curiosity unnecessary—it becomes dangerous. Curiosity asks us to [[w:Suspension_of_judgment|suspend judgment]], to tolerate ambiguity, and to consider that we might be wrong. These are not traits ideologues tend to celebrate. In fact, many ideological systems actively discourage them. Loyalty is prized over inquiry. Doubt is equated with betrayal. Inquiry becomes heresy. This is not to say that all belief systems are inherently anti-curious. A healthy philosophy or worldview can encourage exploration, self-reflection, and intellectual humility. But when a belief calcifies into [[w:Dogma|dogma]]—unchallenged and unquestionable—it suppresses the very instincts that drive discovery and growth. Ideology simplifies. Curiosity complicates. The first says, ''“Here is the truth.”'' The second asks, ''“[[Knowing How You Know|How do we know]]?”'' and ''“What are we missing?”'' A curious mind seeks nuance. An ideological mind seeks confirmation. If we are to face the complex challenges of our world—climate change, inequality, political polarization—we need more curiosity, not less. We need minds that can hold competing truths, tolerate uncertainty, and question their own assumptions. That means resisting the seductive comfort of rigid ideology and choosing, instead, the open horizon of inquiry. To preserve curiosity in an age of ideological fervor is an act of [[Finding Courage|courage]]. It is the refusal to be boxed in by someone else’s certainty. It is the quiet, persistent insistence that there is always more to learn, always more to understand, and always another question worth asking. {{CourseCat}} [[Category:Essays]] 1z9dbtnhf8pmdw40kfg5uaxo5cymygo 0 322226 2720067 2025-06-29T20:42:20Z Scogdill 1331941 New resource with "=Event= ==Overview== ==Logistics== * 15 August 1889, Thursday ===Staff and Vendors=== * ==Related Events== * Reception * Honeymoon ==Who Was Present== ===Bride and Bridesmaids=== ====Bride==== ====Bridesmaids==== ====Pages==== ===Groom and Best Man=== ===People Who Attended=== # ==What People Wore== # ==Gifts== ===Unusual or Interesting Gifts=== ==Anthology== == Notes and Questions == # ==References== {{reflist}}" 2720067 wikitext text/x-wiki =Event= ==Overview== ==Logistics== * 15 August 1889, Thursday ===Staff and Vendors=== * ==Related Events== * Reception * Honeymoon ==Who Was Present== ===Bride and Bridesmaids=== ====Bride==== ====Bridesmaids==== ====Pages==== ===Groom and Best Man=== ===People Who Attended=== # ==What People Wore== # ==Gifts== ===Unusual or Interesting Gifts=== ==Anthology== == Notes and Questions == # ==References== {{reflist}} s85zwv42tfwwraw8ew9jdt5afotlzsx 2720069 2720067 2025-06-29T22:24:17Z Scogdill 1331941 2720069 wikitext text/x-wiki =Event= ==Overview== ==Logistics== * 15 August 1889, Thursday ===Staff and Vendors=== * ==Related Events== * Reception * Honeymoon ==Who Was Present== ===Bride and Bridesmaids=== ====Bride==== ====Bridesmaids==== ====Pages==== ===Groom and Best Man=== ===People Who Attended=== # ==What People Wore== # ==Gifts== ===Unusual or Interesting Gifts=== ==Anthology== From the ''Lady's Pictorial'':<blockquote>On Thursday, the 15th inst., at Britford Church, near Longford Castle, Salisbury, the marriage took place of Lord Skelmersdale, of the Royal Horse Guards, eldest son of the Right Hon. the Earl of Lathom, and Lady Wilma Pleydell-Bouverie, only daughter of the Earl of Radnor. The bride was given away by her father, and Captain the Hon. Lionel Byng, Royal Horse Guards, acted as best man. The service was fully choral. The ceremony was performed by the Hon. and Rev. Bertrand Pleydell-Bouverie, rector of Pewsey, Wilts, uncle of thy bride, assisted by the Hon. and Rev. Lord William Cecil (brother-in-law of the bridegroom), of Bishops Hatfield, Herts. The bride's dress was of cream-white satin duchesse, trimmed with handsome Brussels lace flounces, which, along with he Brussels lace veil, were the gifts of her mother. Her veil was arranged over a small spray of orange flowers, and fastened by diamond ornaments. The six bridesmaids were the Ladies Maud and Mary Edith Bootle Wilbraham, sisters of the bridegroom; Misses Florence and Kathleen Hankey, Lady Evelyn Parker, and the Hon. Winifred Sturt. They were attired in cream-white costumes, trimmed with gold embroidery and chiffons, and Virot hats to match. The bridsgroom's gifts were a handsome brooch in the form of a moonstone heart set round with diamonds, surmounted with a diamond coronet, and “goodyears” bouquet of choice red roses in foliage. The bridal bouquet of exquisite blooms was the gift of the non-commissioned officers of Lord Skelmersdale’s troop. Owing to both families being in mourning, none but the nearest relatives and most intimate friends were invited to the ceremony, and were afterwards received by the Earl and Countess of Radnor at Longford Castle. In the afternoon Lord and Lady Skelmersdale left for Pewsey Rectory, the residence of the bride’s uncle, where the honeymoon will be spent, the going-away dress being grey and white cloth trimmed with grey and silver passementerie, and Virot hat to match. The numerous presents included — From the Prince and Princess of Wales, a diamond and catseye bangle; the Duchess of Fife and the Princesses Victoria and Maud of Wales, diamond and moonstone brooch; Lord Skelmersdale, half hoop diamond ring, pearl and diamond ring, diawond and ruby safety brooch, diamond aigrette, silver card case, and silver model violn; the Earl and Countess of Radnor, diamond and and tiara, moonstone and diamond brooch, large single stone diamond St. And ew’s [Andrew’s] Cross brooch, wedding veil and flounces of Brussels lace, and despatch bag: the Earl of Lathom, large diamond star; Countess of Lathom, emerald and diamond necklet, emerald and pearl bracelet, emerald and diamond bangle and sapphire half-hoop ring; Viscount Folkestone, blue enamel pearl and diamond brooch, with blue enamel diamond watch pendant; Hon. Stuart Pleydell-Bouverie, pearl bonnet pins, water-colour sketch, and small silver frame; the Ladies Bootle Wilbraham, the Hon Randle [?] and the Hon. Reginald Bootle Wilbraham, pearl and coral ring; Right Hon. Henry Chaplin, M.P., large diamond pendant; the Hon. Mr and Mrs. Duncombe[,] R. Bouverie, diamond and pearl spray; Earl and Countess Stanhope, silver and crocodile leather clock; Countess of Macclestield, china coffee set; Countess of Crawford, five o'clock tea service; Lord and Lady William Nevill, tortoiseshell and gold paper knife; the Mayor and Corporatlom of Folkestone, silver inkstand; tenants on the Longford estate, gold bracelet set round with five large diamonds; employés on the Longford estate, black [?] marble clock; old family servants, silver toilet set; farm tenants on the Folkestone estate, silver inkbottle in silver plate; the under-gardeners of Longford estate, glass flower stand; Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury, silver candlesticks; Lady Ampthill, silver teapot, cream jug, and sugar basin; Earl and Countess of Derby, silver teapot, kettle, and stand; Earl of Morley, ivory and silver paper cutter; Sir Algernon and Lady Borthwick, palr of glass liqueur bottles with silver necks; Viscount and Viscountess Wolmer, silver mounted matchbox; Sir Francis and Lady Montefiore, small silver tray; Viscount and Viscountess Cranborne, stick, &c.<ref>"Skelmersdale — Pleydell-Bouverie." ''Lady's Pictorial'' 24 August 1889, Saturday: 30 [of 52], Col. 1a–b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005980/18890824/106/0030. Same print title, p. 264.</ref></blockquote>From the ''Wiltshire County Mirror'': The list of gifts is set as an unordered list here instead of as separate paragraphs, as it is in the original text, to save space and clarify.<blockquote>As we were unable last week to obtain a full list of the wedding presents sent to Lord Skelmersdale and the Lady Wilma Pleydell-Bouverie, we now produce it as follows: — * Their Royal Highnesses The Prince and Princess of Wales — Diamond and cat’s-eye bangle. * Their Roval Highnesses the Duchess of Fife and the Princesses Victoria and Maud of Wales — Diamond and moonstone brooch. * Lord Skelmersdale — Half-hoop diamond ring, pearl and diamond ring, diamond and ruby safety brooch, diamond aigrette, silver card case, and silver model violin. * The Earl and Countess of Radnor — Diamond and pearl tiara. * The Countess of Radnor — Moonstone and diamond brooch, large single stone diamond St. Andrew's Cross brooch, wedding veil and flounces of Brussels lace, and dispatch box. * The Earl of Lathom — Large diamond star. * The Countess of Lathom — Emerald and diamond necklet, emerald and pearl bracelet, emerald and diamond bangle, and sapphire half-hoop ring. * Viscount Folkestone — Blue enamel and pearl diamond brooch, with blue enamel and diamond watch pendant. * The Hon. Stuart Bouverie — Pearl bonnet pins, water-coloured sketch, and small silver frame. * The Ladies Wilbraham and the Hon. Randle and the Hon. Reginald Wilbraham — Pearl and coral ring. * The Right Hon. Henry Chapin, M.P. — Large diamond pendant. * The Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Duncombe P. Bouverie — Diamond and pearl spray. * Lady June Ellice — Half-hoop emerald ring and three Dresden China baskets. * Mr. Ellice — Sappire and diamond ring and cheque for £100. * Colonel and Lady Margaret Maitland —Pearl half-hoop ring. * Lady Anne Speirs — Moonstone and diamond brooch. * Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Chaplin — Diamond crescent. * Mr. and Lady Edith Cotes — Cat's-eye and diamond bracelet. * The Right Hon. Mr. and Hon. Mrs. Edward P. Bouverie —Topaz and pearl bracelet. * Mr. and Mrs. Cecil Chaplin — Diamond marguerite brooch. * The Hon. Kenelm P. Bouverie — Diamond and moonstone bangle. * Lord Alington — Diamond horse-shoe brooch. * Lady Jane Von Koughuet — Gold pencil bangle. * Mr. Charles Clifford — Gold and lapislazale [? lapis lazuli] brooch. * Miss Florence and Miss Kathleen S. Hankey — Double-heart pearl brooch. * Lady Harriet Wentworth — Diamond moonstone and pearl brooch. * Mrs. Bradford Atkinson—Diamond and ruby button brooch. * Sir Thomas Lucas — Diamond bracelet. * Lady Caroline Kerrison — Pearl and diamond horse-shoe brooch. * Lady Cecil Scott Montague and Lady Margaret Kerr— Pearl brooch. Lady Revelstoke—Diamond lyre brooch. bfll:‘:.h(.‘hgrlu Rogers—Starstoue and diamond safety pin Miss Chappell —Diamond ‘‘ merrythought " brooch. Miss Emily Mildmay—Moounstone and diamond star brooch. Mr. and Mrs. Mildmay — Diamond and sapphire brooch. Mr. Philip H. Coxe - Pearl and diamond bangle. Miss Mabel Sands—Torquoise brooch. Mr. and Mrs. W. B.Llh——bi.mond and sapphire bracelet. Mr. and Mrs. Coleridge Kennard—Pearl and diamend “Swan " brooch. Mr. and I.Adi Emily Van de Weyer—Pearl and diamond and sapphire and diamond bracelets. 140 Members of the Ladies String Band and Chorus— Diamond feather. Mr. Westrow Hulse—Diamond and rl cleff brooch. Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Walter—Gold emn bracelet. Lady Gertrude and the Hon. Chm)h‘f Pleydell- Bouverie—Silver and inlaid wood inks! The Hon. and Rev. Beatrice and Lady Constance Pleydell-Bouverie—White China dessert service and velvet and silver-framed mirror. The Hon. Mark Pleydell-Bouverie—Silver hand glass. The Earl of Verulom—Silver hand candlestick The Dowager Countess of Craven—Pair of silver candlesticks. The Earl and Ccuntess Cadogan—Three large silver sugar sifters. The Marchioness of Bath —Silver basket. The Marchioness of Lothian—Two silver trays. Lady !"i Hervey - Silver smelling bottle. Mrs. Frank Harris - Silver frame. Mr. Frank Harris—Silver hair-pin box. Iho Eounwn of f'!'addington:&lvcr smelling bottle. The Countess of Hopetown—Two silver frames. Lady Evelyn Parker—Silver and glass bottle and picture. Lady Eleanur Heneage—Small silver cruet stand. Lady Nina Balfour - Silver match-box case. Bt Aar; rker—lvol and siver cul r. Sir éi'nz and Lady H\:{u —Silver b(l:rr The Earl and Countess of Stanhope—Silver and crocodile leather clock. E b z . Mr. Adam Kennard—Silver and mother-u’-pearl opera glasses with bandle. Mr. Alan MacKinnow —Small silver violin. Mr. Ward Cook—Silver hasin. Miss Esther Maitland— Silver pin tray. Mrs. William Whitbread —Silver tray. Mr. Hamilton Hulse—Old silver box. Lady Ventry—Silver q.vn and pencil. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Tudway—Silver mustard pot. llrl.}ulm@_&lpvo{th:&ln{ heart-shaped box. Mr. Reginald Skipworth—Silver box. Mr. Henry Newton—Silver lozenge box. Mr. and Mrs. William Malcolm—Silver bowl. The Hon. Eda Campbell—Old Dutch silver boat. l(;) and Mrs. Bowles—Silver bottle and tray (Benares work). The Hon. Lady and Miss Filmer— Cut glass bottle with silver toa Miss Lauman—Silver Prayer Book. Mr. J. E. Martin (60th Rifles)—Silver button-hook and shoe-horn. The Misses M. and B. Kennard—Small round silver box. Mr. E. O. Pleydell-Bouverie—Silver inkstand. Mrs. C. B. Ewart—Silver band mirror. Mr. Ernest Albert Sandeman—Silver box. Miss Mahel Gage—Silver scent bottle. The Countess Nelson—Silver heart-shaped boxes. Mrs. Napier Sturt—Silver seal. Mr. Wingfield- Silvor-to&pod china bottles. The Dean of Snliubui?— Iver-bound Prayer Book. Miss Mary and Mr. Hugh Grimston—Silver box. Miss Nina Ellice—Old silver box, stone top. Mr. Gilmon and Mr. Chaplin (60th Rifles)—Silver dish. The Hom. Mrs. Algernon Bourke—Miniature silver kettle. Mrs. Francis Fletcher—Old silver dagger. Mr. Charles G. Barnett—Silver cup. Mrs. and !fi:qud —Glass smelling &otflo, silver top, with coronet and mcnogram engraved thereon. Dr. Aiken—-Old silver mcdel windmill. Mrs. Aiken—Old silver model and spinning wheel. Viscountess Evelyn—Silver scent bottle. The Hon. Robert Hardinge—Silver lamp. Captain Leonard Russell—lvory and silver paper cutter. Miss Bertha and Messrs. Frank, Charles, and Vere Chaplin—Silver pen and pencil. Miss Grenfield and Miss M.Grenfell—Silver and tortoiseshell inkpot. Mr. John Jeffery and the Misses Jeffery—Lozenge .h.J.d (‘}'i '"‘é borxb'euuu—Sil needle rs. Guy Ste ver case. Mr. B-niu—Old silver cup. Miss Nunn—Uld si'ver Norwegian spoon. Mr. and Mrs. Whitmore— Old silver cream jug. :r. lb: :r‘. &B&ofi—flflgr bnnombook.d r. and Mrs, t tty—Silver paper cli The Marchioness of Bhnd!ord—os n'lnr‘;oon. bol" P. Egerton Warbutton—Silver and tortoiseshell X. The Hon. Lionel Holland—Glass silver gum bottle. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Leslie —Silver purse. Lady Mary Agar—Silver match-box case. The Countess of Normanton—Silver sugar basin and :l‘. and Mrs. Albert Sanderman—Silver box. Mr. W. Radford—Silver salt cellars. Lord and Lady Penzance—Travelling clock. The Marchioness of Bristol—Gold pencil case. The Hon. Winifred Sturt—Card case with watch and monogram. Mrs. Crowe— Black lace flounces. Mr. Reginald Lucas—‘‘Follies and Fashions of our Grandfathers,” and Dickens’s ** Christmas Carols.” Miss Alice Riley—China vases. Lord Dorchester —Pair of Ormolu candlesticks. Mr. and Mrs. Hankey--White ostrich feather fan. Mr. and Mrs. Lionel Barry—Black lace fan. The Hon. Mrs. William Lowther—Painted and worked screen. ~ The Misses Lowther—Small inlaid table. fi (leeil!‘j Kennard -Tsu'ndnmr:dhnr and shade. tephenson —Two fra antot; Lku,m-nt Mark Ken, R.N’.—P-Inhs'::;:- fan. The Misses Rachael and Katherine Stephenson—Three N Bty " Mr. Edward Ellico—Pair of fold&ovpod scent bottles. Dr., Mrs, and Misses Bowles—Set of Carlsbad glass tumblers in case. .“?ld e wulwlmqn 1, Miss u}nnt it! - rame. Mr. and Mrs. Percy Womgld—‘lhn?lbing clock. Mrs. Chappell—Old brocade cushion. Mr. Arthor Cha;?oll—OId French violin bow. Miss Wingfield—Two small Dresden china boxes. The Viscountess Barrington—Marqueterie china cabinet. The Hon. Florence Barrington—Olld china teapot. Mrs. Hussey —Water-coloured sketch. Miss A. Bouverie—Pair of flower glasses in iron stand. 5 Miss Pincoff and her little Pupils—Photograph in rame. ~ Mr. and Mrs. Henry Bowles—Venetian glass vase and candlesticks. Major and the Hon. Mrs. Stirling—George 111. cheese The Countess of Macclesfield —China coffee set. Miss Lily and Miss Blanche meo china jar. ~ Miss Eleanor Ewart—Red silk um' ~ Miss Ethel and Miss Clare Buchanan—Old brocade photograph frame. Mrs. \&:‘flald —Old Florentine casket. Mr. Herbert Pmod—Chipwnh table. . The Rev G. W. Murray— Book. 1& Il{‘ov. %“d Mrs. g;&;hu—l‘mn vase. 1 on. Mrs. Gage— Photograph Lady Evelyn Parker—Picture. - The Countess of Crawford — Five o'clock tea service. Mr. and Mrs. Hulbert —~Two Downton chairs. Miss Constance Fletcher-—Small white china lamp. Mrs. Kendal Grimstone— Lace d'oyleys. Mr. and Mrs. Harold Boulton— Brass clock. Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Hulse—White lace painted fan. Mr. Maurice Wingfield —Old gold and agati snaff box. Elizabeth, Countess of Wilton, and Mr. Pryor—Gold towod scent bottle. iss Kathleen Cockburn Bouverie and Miss Evelyn P!oidoll-nouverio—sml gold box. ajor and Lady Gwendoline Little—White lace fan. Miss Muriel and Miss Sibell Chaplin—Tortoisesbell bonnet comb. [Col. 2c–3a] Lady Churchill and Lady Sybil Knox—Pair of old Dresden china flower pots, ~ Mrs. George Mildway —Worked fire screen. Col. Fitzgerald —Old Canterbury cross. The Rev. W. H. McKnight —Reading lamp. Miss Victoria Studly Westoby — Embroidered blotter. Miss C. St. John lhldt-y—t{ld arabic clasp. Mrs. PhiliLHuuwrio-Oold Etin case. Lord and Lady William Neville—Gold and tortoiseshell pgrknile. iss Mary Ellice—Painting in frame. Mr. Wells—lnlaid table. Mrs. W. Radford and the Misses Radford—Worked cushion and chair backs. Dr. Robson Roose—Book., T Me. 'fi;:n"-i(—;?(-;v ;:l;wing of Lady Radnor. 5!!. AAn‘-i Mn}. Hi;,_lmqn‘— I’ngin!.od t:nndk:trg_f:'w! case, Mr. Adey—Carved oak bracket cupboard with engraved brass plaques of Longford Castle. Mrs, i} Fulton —lvory and silver bandled paper knife. Mrs. Custance —Silver salt cellars, Mr. Snock —Oak and silver tankard. Mr. Horder — Large white china nautilus shell. Mr. and Mre. Wilkes — Brass and crystal table lamp, Mrs. Sefton — Dresden china gilt cup and saucer. Mr. Surn—rf (Folkestone)—Two china figures. Mrs. Charles Warman—Toilet pincushion with monogram and coronet. Old Family Servants—Silver toilet set. Under Gardeners at Lonuford Castle—Glass epergne with hanging baskets and mirrored base. Employés on the Longford Estate — Black marble clock. The Tenants on the Lougford Estate - Gould bracelet with five large diamonds set round. The Mayor and Corporation of Folkestone—Silver inkstand. ~ The Farm Tenants on the Folkestone Estate—Silver inkbottle in silver plate. THE BRIDEGROOM'S I'RESENTS, Lady Wilma Pleydell Bouverie - Pearl and diamond pin, and Morocco and silver card case. ha?;h. Earl and Countess of Lathom—Fitted travelling The ladies Bcotle Wilbraham and the Hon. Reginald Bootle Wilbraham —Silver cream jug and pearl studs. The Hon. Mrs. Wilbraham—Silver coffee-pot, hot milk jue, and stand. Lord and Lady William Cecil--Three silver entrde dishes, e kot T ~ The Hon. Mrs. Edward Wilbrabam—Pair of silver .YL S g _ Lady Ampthill-Silver tea-pot, sugar basin, and cream ug. : Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. Bateman Bureau. Col. and the Hon. Mrs. Burges—Silver bowl, The Hon. Rose Wilbraham — Silver salt cellars, Mr. Arthur Brooke—Silver frame. nkn'h. Hon. Stuart Pleydell-Bouverie— Water colour et Sir Henry and Lady Loch— Old Dutch card table. Lord Ampthill and the Hon. Theo. Russell—Silver mounted flask. Lord and Lady Stanley of Preston— Pair of silver dishes. The Hon. Mr. and Mrs. Francis Villiers — Apostle spoons. The Hon. Mr. and Mrs. George Villiers—Silver coffee pot and hot milk jug. The Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury —Silver can- Pes g ¥ ~ The Earl and Countess of Coventry—Silver mustard pot. o R The Ear! and Countess of Crawford—Silver-mounted liqueur glasses, “\l'ho Earl and Countess of Derby —Silver tea-pot, kettle, and stand. The Earl of Morley—lvory and silver paper cutter. Dowager Countess of Morley —Silver ma'ch-box. The Earl of Meath—Valoris jar. Mr. Octavins Brooke - Silver mug. Mr. F. H. Helbert—Silver cigarette lighter. Mrs. Alban Gibbs—Silver sugar bowl. Herr Gustav Mauskopf —Hock glasses and jug. Lady Campbell (of Garscube)—Silver bottle. Miss C. Campbell— Silver lamp. Mrs. Kennedy —lvory and silver paper cutter. 'l':o Rev. J. and Mrs. Thornton—lnkstand and candlesticks. "'_f_i; Hon. Robert Boyle —Walnut and brass clock. Mr. Augustus Yor(u'—Vlroqfln;a-x:lv;r-p:[:p;r?;z;mder Mr. and Mrs. James Lowther —Copper 'nting set. Mr. C. W. Durby Gritfith--Pink china five o'clock tea set. Mr. C. B. Balfour—Silver mug penwiper, Sir Alzernon and Lady Borthwick — Pair of glass liqueur bottles with silver necks. Miss Villiers Lister — Walking stick. Miss F. and Miss K. Hankey—Red and blue leather blotting book. The Viscount and Lady Maud Wolmer—Silrer-mounted ™ Nire. Son Silver (Walrus) h rs. Stronge—Silver (Walrus) paper weight. Miss Lauman—Silver match box case. . 3 Canon and Mrs. Blundell—Silver coffee-pot and carved cocoa-nut mounted in silver. The Hon. John Scott Montague—Match box. Lord Pol‘imore —Twelve silver-mounted liqueur glasses. Lord Hugh Cecil —Lemon-squeezer. Mr. Leopo!d De Rothschild—Silver candlesticks. bo"". Frederick Villiers — Large silver-topped scent ttle. Lady Emma Talbot —Pair of silver candlesticks. The Misses E. and M. Burges—Silver match box. Miss Agnes Bateman—Bureau. boflr. and Mrs. F. Egerton Warburton—Silver string x. Sir Francis and Lady Montifiore—Small silver tray. Mrs. Arthur Lascelles—Nest of tables. Mrs. Goodwin—Patchwork cushion. The Rev. J. Lomax—Set of salt cellars, Mr. Ernest Farquhar—Carved ivory and silver button- Mr. Guyr Burges—Travelling watch. Major and Mrs. Barrington Foote—Suite de Cheminée. Mr. R. Egerton Warburton—Silver toby jug. Mr. C. Kindersley—Copper gipsy kettle. fi:&h Hon. Sidney Agar—Gold and tortoiseshell walking stick. Mr. F. C. Peplor—Silver mounted claret jug. Lord and hog{unr—lmy and silver paper-knife. Mr. Reginald —Silver sugar sifter. Mr. Evelyn Cecil—Walnut and silver writing set. I_iocd_Al?uu.r:Chanmn’ jugs. The Earl and Countess of Lytton— Dining-room table, Miss Hand —Small silver toast racks. Mr. Holland—Walking stick. Lady Margaret Jenkins — White china lamp. Mr. M. J. Hughes—Silver and glass liqueur stand. The Hon. Aubrey FitzClarence—Silver ;;epper castor. Colonel and Hon. Mrs. Burges—Large silver bowl. Mr. Pascoe Glyn—Silver platter. Mr. T. Brooke—lvory and silver ;:rr-kni!o. Captain Stewart—Silver and bog quaigh, The Hon. Victor Stanley—Silver salt cellars, Viscount and Viscountess Cranborne—Stick. Captain Austruther Thomson—Gold headed stick. The Rev. H. Montagu and Mrs. Villiers—Tennyson's ms. po(e‘m" and Comtesse di Castéja—Garniture de Cheminde. Field Marshal Sir Patrick and Lady Grant—Silvertopped walking-sticl-, ’K‘. Hon. E and Lady Alice Stanley —Arm-chair. The Earl of Arran—Cigar case. Major Wickham —Glass and silver inkstand. Mrs. CLarles Wilson—Silver sugar castor. Lady Hood—Gold box. The Countess of Galloway— Siiver cigarette lamp. Mr. Roper—Silver dish. The Earl and Countess of Jamg—-l’nir of field glasses. Mr. and I‘d‘} Isabel Larnach—Silver asparagus tongs. Mr. Ernest Villiers—Opera glasses. Mr. J. Metealfe—Tobacco pouch. The Lathom Household snnVorkpooplo on the Lathom Estate—Silver salver. Dalton Farm Workmen—Silver and ivory paper cutter. The Lathom Schools—Silver sauce boat. The Lathom Almswomen—Silver muffineers. The Tenants on the Lathom Estate—Large silver gilt bowl on ebony stand. Officers of the Royal Horse Guards —Large two-handled silver salver, with inscription.<ref>"Marriage of Lady Wilma Pleydell-Bouverie and Lord Skelmersdale." ''Wiltshire County Mirror'' 23 August 1889, Friday: 6 [of 8], Col. 2a–3c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0004828/18890823/080/0006. Print title: ''Wiltshire County Mirror and Express'', p. 6.</ref></blockquote> == Notes and Questions == # ==References== {{reflist}} kofhf0rn7dtac35bbiptn2grvpebwnq 2 322227 2720074 2025-06-29T23:41:55Z Jaredscribe 2906761 New resource with "[[w:COVID-19]] [[w:Origins of COVID-19]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_lab_leak_theory&oldid=1034189301] [[w:COVID-19_lab_leak_theory]]" 2720074 wikitext text/x-wiki [[w:COVID-19]] [[w:Origins of COVID-19]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_lab_leak_theory&oldid=1034189301] [[w:COVID-19_lab_leak_theory]] 3gfamzmwmily8rxbd0hfcco68ek3hu6 1 322228 2720079 2025-06-30T03:33:17Z NKTLaw Nguyen Khanh Tung 3004184 /* I am the original contributor of this article. */ new section 2720079 wikitext text/x-wiki == I am the original contributor of this article. == This is a serious attempt to present a new physics hypothesis called the NKT Law, which models position-dependent inertia. I have revised the article to remove any promotional tone and added clearer structure, references, and neutral language. This is not spam, but a proposal intended for scientific discussion and critique. I respectfully request that the page be kept so that others can evaluate and improve upon the idea. Thank you. [[User:NKTLaw Nguyen Khanh Tung|NKTLaw Nguyen Khanh Tung]] ([[User talk:NKTLaw Nguyen Khanh Tung|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/NKTLaw Nguyen Khanh Tung|contribs]]) 03:33, 30 June 2025 (UTC) sl2p96m5z99s0nte3qkuojvy21n70lt 2 322229 2720084 2025-06-30T08:00:52Z Sad Arya 3004191 New resource with "{{User en}}" 2720084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User en}} 7j2lsnqqcbmqunbwna0vi7p9kjljqmw