Wikiversity:Colloquium

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== Requested update to [[Wikiversity:Interface administrators]] ==

Currently, [[Wikiversity:Interface administrators]] is a policy that includes a caveat that interface admins are not required long-term and that user right can only be added for a period of up to two weeks. I am proposing that we remove this qualification and allow for indefinite interface admin status. I think this is useful because there are reasons for tweaking the site CSS or JavaScript (e.g. to comply with dark mode), add gadgets (e.g. importing Cat-a-Lot, which I would like to do), or otherwise modifying the site that could plausibly come up on an irregular basis and requiring the overhead of a bureaucrat to add the user rights is inefficient. In particular, I am also going to request this right if the community accepts indefinite interface admins. Thoughts? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:23, 17 August 2025 (UTC)

:And who will then monitor them to make sure they don't damage the project in any way, or abuse the rights acquired in this way? For large projects, this might not be a problem, but for smaller projects like the English Wikiversity, I'm not sure if there are enough users who would say, something is happening here that shouldn't be happening. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 10:28, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
::Anyone would be who. This argument applies to any person with any advanced rights here. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 10:46, 20 August 2025 (UTC)
:I think it is reasonable to allow for longer periods of access than 2 weeks to interface admin and support adjusting the policy to allow for this flexibility. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 04:57, 2 December 2025 (UTC)
::+1 —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 16:38, 25 January 2026 (UTC)
:@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] I agree that the two-week requirement could be revised, but wouldn’t people just request access for a specific purpose anyway? Instead of granting indefinite access, they should request the specific time frame they need the rights for—until the planned fixes are completed—and then request an extension if more time is required. We could remove the two-week criterion while still keeping the access explicitly temporary. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 02:48, 25 January 2026 (UTC)
::I just don't see why this wiki needs to be different than all of the others. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:18, 25 January 2026 (UTC)
:::There isn’t really much of a need for a permanent one at this point in time [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 09:53, 25 January 2026 (UTC)
:I quite agree with this proposal, so long as they perform the suggested changes as mentioned here. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 04:06, 26 January 2026 (UTC)
:: Just to clarify, I support '''indefinite interface admin status'''. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:34, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
:I think there is decent consensus for lengthening this, but not necessarily for indefinite permissions, so does anyone object to me revising it to the standard being 120 days instead of two weeks? I'll check back on this thread in three weeks and if there's no objection, I'll make the change. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:47, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
::Sure [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 23:27, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thanks for proposing this, Justin. I agree with the proposal to lengthen the interface admin period from 2 weeks but not indefinitely. Can I check the source(s) for the standard being 120 days (I'm guessing policies on other projects or maybe global policy?)? In any case, I think it is reasonable for us to adopt a similar period. However, note on the current policy discussion page notes from @[[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] arguing for shorter periods to lower risk, that's why it is 2 weeks. But if there are projects that need longer access, that should also be accommodated. Maybe we could adjust the policy to specify that ''interface admin rights can be given for 14 to 120 days depending on how long is required and what is supported by the community''. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:29, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:::There was there was no source for 120: it was just more than 14 and less than infinity. The &quot;14 to 120&quot; also seems reasonable. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:33, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
::: On some small/medium-sized wikis, such as English Wikibooks and English Wikiquote for example, indefinite interface administrator access for administrators is allowed, but they tend not to make changes to the CSS and JS page changes unless it's truly necessary. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:34, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:::It's a good idea to make the length of this right on request or allow to be prolonged. However, IA should test large changes somewhere else, for example on the en.wv mirror, and only after testing it on the mirror, adapt it to the live version. That means I can't imagine a time-consuming operation right now. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:04, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Sorry, what mirror is this? Are you talking about beta.wv? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:32, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::Not beta.wv. Basically somewhere else then on a live wiki. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:59, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::: Wouldn't testing on a user's own common.css page work anyway? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:36, 24 April 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Curators|Curators and curators policy]] ==

How does it come, that Wikiversity has curators, but Curators policy is still being proposed? How do the curators exists and act if the policy about them havent been approved yet? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:33, 16 October 2025 (UTC)

:It looks as if it is not just curators. The policy on Bureaucratship is still being proposed as well. See [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship]]. —[[User:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana; color:#008000; text-shadow:gray 0.2em 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;RailwayEnthusiast2025&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#59a53f&quot;&gt;''talk with me!''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:33, 27 October 2025 (UTC)

:I think its just the nature of a small WMF sister project in that there are lots of drafts, gaps, and potential improvements. In this case, these community would need to vote on those proposed Wikiversity staff policies if we think they're ready. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:08, 3 December 2025 (UTC)
:What? I thought you were getting it approved, Juandev... :) [[User:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris]] ([[User talk:I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/I&amp;#39;m Mr. Chris|contribs]]) 14:20, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
::Yeah I think this one is important too and we need to aprove it too @[[User:I'm Mr. Chris|I'm Mr. Chris]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 15:56, 12 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I thinks its ready to made into a policy, it seems to be complete and informative about what the rights does and how to get it. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:08, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::::Agree -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:00, 27 March 2026 (UTC)

Let's make this the official discussion about adopting the [[Wikiversity:Curators|curators policy]] policy. Your comments are invited and welcome. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:40, 24 April 2026 (UTC)

== [[Template:AI-generated]] ==

After going through the plethora of ChatGPT-generated pages made by [[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] (with many more pages to go), I'd like community input on this proposal to [[Wikiversity:Artificial intelligence]] that I think would be benefical for the community:
*Resources generated by AI '''must''' be indicated as so through the project box, [[Template:AI-generated]], on either the page or the main resource (if the page is a part of a project).
I do not believe including a small note/reference that a page is AI-generated is sufficient, and I take my thinking from [[WV:Original research|Wikiversity's OR policy]] for OR work: ''Within Wikiversity, all original research should be clearly identified as such''. I believe resources created from AI should also be clearly indicated as such, especially since we are working on whether or not AI-generated resources should be allowed on the website (discussion is [[Wikiversity talk:Artificial intelligence|here]], for reference). This makes it easier for organizational purposes, and in the event ''if'' we ban AI-generated work. 

I've left a message on Lee's talk page over a week ago and did not get a response or acknowledgement, so I'd like for the community's input for this inclusion to the policy. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 15:53, 26 January 2026 (UTC)

:I believe that existing Wikiversity policies are sufficient. Authors are responsible for the accuracy and usefulness of the content that is published. This policy covers AI-generated content that is: 1) carefully reviewed by the author publishing it, and 2) the source is noted.   [[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] ([[User talk:Lbeaumont|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lbeaumont|contribs]]) 19:38, 27 January 2026 (UTC)
::A small reference for pages that are substantially filled with Chat-GPT entries, like [[Real Good Religion]], [[Attributing Blame]], [[Fostering Curiosity]], are not sufficient IMO and a project box would be the best indicator that a page is AI-generated (especially when there is a mixture of human created content AND AI-generated content, as present in a lot of your pages). This is useful, especially considering the notable issues with AI (including hallucinations and fabrication of details), so viewers and support staff are aware. These small notes left on the pages are not as easily viewable as a project box or banner would be. I really don't see the issue with a clear-label guideline. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 22:34, 27 January 2026 (UTC)
::{{ping|Lbeaumont}} I noticed your reversions [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Exploring_Existential_Concerns&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2788278 here] &amp; [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Subjective_Awareness&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2788257 here]. I'd prefer to have a clean conversation regarding this proposition. Please voice your concerns here. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 15:53, 28 January 2026 (UTC)
:::Regarding Subjective Awareness, I distinctly recall the effort I went to to write that the old-fashioned way. It is true that ChatGPT assisted me in augmenting the list of words suggested as candidate subjective states. This is a small section of the course, is clearly marked, and makes no factual claim. Marking the entire course as AI-generated is misleading. I would have made these comments when I reverted your edit; however, the revert button does not provide that opportunity.
:::Regarding the Exploring Existential Concerns course, please note this was adapted from my EmotionalCompetency.com website, which predates the availability of LLMs. The course does include two links, clearly labeled as ChatGPT-generated. Again, marking the entire course as AI-generated is misleading.
:::On a broader issue, I don't consider your opinions to have established a carefully debated and adopted Wikiversity policy. You went ahead and modified many of my courses over my clearly stated objections. Please let this issue play out more completely before editing my courses further. Thanks.   [[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] ([[User talk:Lbeaumont|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lbeaumont|contribs]]) 15:11, 29 January 2026 (UTC)
::::Understood, and I respect your position. I apologize if my edits were seen as overarching. We could change the project box to &quot;a portion of this resource was generated by AI&quot;, or something along those lines. Feel free to revert my changes where you see fit, and I encourage more users to provide their input. EDIT: I've made changes to the template to indicate that a portion of the content has been generated from an LLM. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 15:50, 29 January 2026 (UTC)
:::::Thanks for this reply. The new banner is unduly large and alarming. There is no need for alarm here. The use of AI is not harmful per se. Like any technology, it can be used to help or to harm. I take care to craft prompts carefully, point the LMM to reliable source materials, and to carefully read and verify the generated text before I publish it. This is all in keeping with long-established Wikiversity policy. We don't want to use a  [[w:One-drop_rule|one-drop rule]] here or cause a [[w:Satanic_panic|satanic panic]]. We can learn our lessons from history here. I don't see any pedagogical reason for establishing a classification of &quot;AI generated&quot;, but if there is a consensus that it is needed, perhaps it can be handled as just another category that learning resources can be assigned to. I would rather focus on identifying any errors in factual claims than on casting pejorative bias toward AI-generated content. An essay on the best practices for using LMM on Wikiveristy would be welcome.   [[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] ([[User talk:Lbeaumont|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lbeaumont|contribs]]) 15:58, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
::::::The new banner mimics the banner that is available on the English Wikibooks (see [[b:Template:AI-generated]] &amp; [[b:Template:Uses AI]]), so my revisions aren't unique in this aspect. At this point, I'd welcome other peoples' inputs. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 19:40, 30 January 2026 (UTC)

== How do I start making pages? ==
Is there a notability guideline for Wikiversity? What is the sourcing policy for information? What is the Manual of Style? What kind of educational content qualifies for Wikiversity? All the introduction pages are a bit unclear. 
[[User:VidanaliK|VidanaliK]] ([[User talk:VidanaliK|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VidanaliK|contribs]]) 02:25, 28 January 2026 (UTC)

:{{ping|VidanaliK}} Welcome to Wikiversity! I've left you a welcome message on your talk page. That should help you out. Make sure to especially look at [[Wikiversity:Introduction]]. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 03:11, 28 January 2026 (UTC)
::It says that I can't post more pages because I have apparently exceeded the new page limit. How long does it take before that new page limit expires? [[User:VidanaliK|VidanaliK]] ([[User talk:VidanaliK|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VidanaliK|contribs]]) 16:57, 28 January 2026 (UTC)
:::This is a restriction for new users so that Wikiversity is not hit with massive spam. As for when this limit will expire, it should be a few days or after a certain number of edits. It's easy to overcome, though I do not have the exact numbers atm. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 15:08, 29 January 2026 (UTC)
::::OK, I think I got past the limit. [[User:VidanaliK|VidanaliK]] ([[User talk:VidanaliK|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VidanaliK|contribs]]) 17:21, 29 January 2026 (UTC)
==Why does it feel like Wikiversity is no longer really active anymore?==
I've been looking at recent changes, and both today and yesterday there haven't been many changes that I haven't made; it feels like walking through a ghost town, is this just me or is Wikiversity not really active anymore? [[User:VidanaliK|VidanaliK]] ([[User talk:VidanaliK|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/VidanaliK|contribs]]) 03:54, 30 January 2026 (UTC)

:There is fewer people editing these days compared to the past. Many newcomers tend to edit in Wikipedia instead. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 06:39, 30 January 2026 (UTC)
:It’s a little slow, but I’m happy to know that Wikiversity is a place that I think should provide value even if the activity of editors fluctuates. If it’s any consolation your edits may be encouraging for some anonymous newcomer to start edits on their own! I think it’s hard to build community when there is such a wide variety of interests and a smaller starting userbase. Also sometimes the getting into a particular topic that already exists can be intimidating because some relics (large portals, school, categories, etc.) have intricate, unique and generally messy levels of organization. [[User:IanVG|IanVG]] ([[User talk:IanVG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/IanVG|contribs]]) 22:16, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
:I'd say it comes down to working hard for Wikiversity, basically if somebody or a group of people will start presenting good ideas and they turn out to be provably stable.
:I even asked Google's &quot;AI Mode&quot;, what is Wikiversity famous for? Unfortunately it could not answer that.
:Simply, we have not made Wikiversity famous by presenting really provable stable ideas yet. My hope is that this time might come. Perhaps even this year 2026!
:Hope dies last. [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:12, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

== Inactivity policy for Curators ==

I was wondering if there is a specific inactivity polity for curators (semi-admins) as I am pretty sure the global policy does not apply to them as they are not ''fully'' sysops. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 03:20, 15 February 2026 (UTC)

:Unfortunately, I don't see an inactivity policy, but if we were to create such a new policy for curators, it should be the same for custodians (administrators). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 18:45, 15 February 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] There is currently none, that I could find, for custodians either. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:47, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
:::I think we should propose a local inactivity policy for custodians (and by extension, curators), which should be at least one year without any edits ''and'' logged actions. However, I don't know which page should it be when the inactivity removal procedure starts. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:53, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::@[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] In theory, there should be a section added at [[WV:Candidates for custodianship]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:55, 17 February 2026 (UTC)
::::: To be consistent with the [[meta:Admin activity review|global period of 2 years inactivity]] for en.wv  [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship#How are bureaucrats removed?|Bureaucrats]] we could add something like this to [[Wikiversity:Curators]]:
::::::The maximum time period of inactivity &lt;u&gt;without community review&lt;/u&gt; for curators is two years (consistent with  the [[:meta:Category:Global policies|global policy]] described at [[meta:Admin activity review|Admin activity review]] which applies for [[Wikiversity:Custodianship#Notes|Custodians]] and [[Wikiversity:Bureaucratship|Bureaucrats]]). After that time a custodian will remove the rights.
::::: -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:51, 27 March 2026 (UTC)
:::::Yup, I agree with Jtneill, there is a policy proposal for Wikiversity:Curators, where it should be logically deployed. The question is if we are ready to aprove the policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:43, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::: I agree, but we should notify the colloquium about inactive curators, just like a steward would do for inactive custodians and bureaucrats per [[:m:Admin activity review|AAR]]. What is the minimum timeframe an inactive curator should receive so they can respond they would keep their rights? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 17:49, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:I incorporated these suggestions into the proposed curators policy. Please review/comment/improve. Summary: 2 years, notify curator's user page, then remove rights after 1 month: [[Wikiversity:Curators#Inactivity]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:59, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: @[[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] I created [[Template:Inactive curator]] for this. Feel free to make any changes or improvements. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:29, 24 April 2026 (UTC)

== [[Wikiversity:Artificial intelligence]] to become an official policy ==
{{Archive top|After running for a week, there is consensus, alongside comments, for [[Wikiversity:Artificial intelligence]] to be implemented as an official policy. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:27, 17 April 2026 (UTC)}}
With the introduction of AI-material, and some material just plain disruptive, its imperative that Wikiversity catches up with its sister projects and implements an official AI policy that we can work with. The recent issue of [[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]]'s 50+ articles that contain significantly large AI-generated material has made me came to the Colloquium. This user has also been removing the [[Template:AI-generated]] template from their pages, calling it &quot;misleading&quot;, &quot;alarmist&quot;, and &quot;pejorative&quot; - which is all just simply nonsensical rationales. Not to even mention this user's contributions to the English Wikipedia have been [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Inner_Development_Goals contested] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Multipolar_trap removed] a couple of times (for being low-quality and clearly LLM-generated), highlighting the need for an actual policy to be implemented here on Wikiversity. I would like to ping {{ping|Juandev}} and {{ping|Jtneill}} for their thoughts as well, since I'd like this to be implemented as soon as possible. 

Wikiversity has a significant issue with implementing anti-disruptive measures, hence why we have received numerous complaints as a community about our quality. I originally was reverting the removal of the templates, but realized that this is still a proposed policy, which it shouldn't be anymore. It should be a recognized Wikiversity policy. 14:54, 10 March 2026 (UTC) —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:54, 10 March 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] '''I agree''' that the draft, should become official policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:00, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
:I provided a detailed response at: [[Wikiversity talk:Artificial intelligence#Evolving a Wikiversity policy on AI]]
:I will appreaciate it if you consder that carefully. [[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] ([[User talk:Lbeaumont|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lbeaumont|contribs]]) 22:49, 10 March 2026 (UTC)
:Agree it should become official Wikiversity policy on the condition &lt;u&gt;that point point 5 is about [significant/substantial] LLM-generated text specifically&lt;/u&gt;. Not a good idea to overuse it, it should be added when there is substantial AI-generated text on the page, not for other cases. [[User:Prototyperspective|Prototyperspective]] ([[User talk:Prototyperspective|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Prototyperspective|contribs]]) 12:37, 11 March 2026 (UTC)
:What policy is being debated? Is it the text on this page, which is pointed to by the general banner, or the text at:   [[Wikiversity:Artificial intelligence|Wikiversity:Artificial intelligence,]]   which is pointed to by the specific banner? Let's begin with coherence on the text being debated. Thanks!  [[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] ([[User talk:Lbeaumont|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lbeaumont|contribs]]) 11:49, 17 March 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] This is a call for approval of the new Wikiversity policy. You expressed your opinion [[Wikiversity talk:Artificial intelligence#Evolving a Wikiversity policy on AI|on the talk page of the proposal]], I replied to you and await your response.When creating policies, it is necessary to propose specific solutions. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 14:12, 17 March 2026 (UTC)
:::Toward a Justified and Parsimonious AI Policy 
:::As we collaborate to develop a consensus policy on the use of Large Language Models, it is wise to begin by considering the needs of the various stakeholders to the policy.
:::The stakeholders are:
:::1)     The users, 
:::2)     The source providers, and
:::3)     The editors
:::There may also be others with a minor stake in this policy, including the population at large.
:::The many needs of the users are currently addressed by long-standing [[Wikiversity:Policies|Wikiversity policies]], so we can focus on what, if any, additional needs arise as LLMs are deployed. 
:::As always, users need assurance that propositional statements are accurate. This is covered by the existing policy on [[Wikiversity:Verifiability|verifiably]]. In addition, it is expected by both the users and those that provide materials used as sources for the text are [[Wikiversity:Cite sources|accurately attributed]]. This is also covered by [[Wikiversity:Cite sources|existing policies]].
:::To respect the time and effort of editors, a parsimonious policy will unburden editors from costly requirements that exceed benefits to the users.
:::Finally, it is important to recognize that because attention is our most valuable seizing attention unnecessarily is a form of theft. 
:::The following proposed policy statement results from these considerations:
:::Recommended Policy statement:
:::·       Editors [[Wikiversity:Verifiability|verify the accuracy]] of propositional statements, regardless of the source.
:::·       Editors [[Wikiversity:Cite sources|attribute the source]] of propositional statements. In the case of LLM, cite the LLM model and the prompt used.
:::·       Use of various available templates to mark the use of LLM are optional. Templates that are flexible in noting the type and extend of LLM usage are preferred. Templates that avoid unduly distracting or alarming the user are preferred. [[User:Lbeaumont|Lbeaumont]] ([[User talk:Lbeaumont|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Lbeaumont|contribs]]) 19:56, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
::::Do we discuss here or there? I have replied you there as your proposal is about that policy so it is tradition to discuss it at the affected talk page. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:59, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
: {{support}} Thanks for the proposed policy development and discussion; also note proposed policy talk page discussion: [[Wikiversity talk:Artificial intelligence]] -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:05, 24 March 2026 (UTC)
::I think the Wikiversity AI policy shall be official. – [[User:RestoreAccess111|RestoreAccess111]] &lt;sup style=&quot;font-family:Arimo, Arial;&quot;&gt;[[User talk:RestoreAccess111|Talk!]]&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sup style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman, Tinos;&quot;&gt;[[Special:Contributions/RestoreAccess111|Watch!]]&lt;/sup&gt; 06:11, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
{{archive bottom}}

== New titles for user right nominations ==
&lt;div class=&quot;cd-moveMark&quot;&gt;''Moved from [[Wikiversity talk:Candidates for Custodianship#New titles for user right nominations]].  [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:20, 17 April 2026 (UTC)''&lt;/div&gt;

I would like to propose the following retitles should a user be nominated for any of the following user rights:
* Curator: Candidates for Curatorship
* Bureaucrat: Candidates for Bureaucratship
The reason is that many curator (and probably bureaucrat) requests have run solely under {{tq|Candidates for Custodianship}}, but that title might sound misleading (especially in regards to the permission a user is requesting). CheckUser and Oversight (suppressor) are not included above since no user was nominated for these sensitive permissions, probably. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 01:30, 19 March 2026 (UTC)

:And it's not that when someone at the beginning misplaced the request, no one thought to move it and the others copied it. Even today, it would be possible to simply take it all and move it. Otherwise, for me, the more fundamental problem is that there is [[Wikiversity:Curators|no approved policy for curators]] than where the requests are based. Curators then operate in a certain vacuum and if one of them &quot;breaks out of the chain&quot;, the average user doesn't have many transparent tools to deal with it, because there is no policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:02, 19 March 2026 (UTC)
::I am not talking about the curator page (policy proposal). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:08, 21 March 2026 (UTC)
: @[[User:Juandev|Juandev]] I'll see if I can do an overhaul of [[Wikiversity:Candidates for Custodianship]], just like I recently did with the Requests for adminship page on English Wikiquote. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:17, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

== Technical Request:  Courtesy link.. ==

[[Template_talk:Information#Background_must_have_color_defined_as_well]] [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
: I can't edit the template directly as it need an sysop/interface admin to do it. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)
:: Also if the Template field of - https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:LintErrors/night-mode-unaware-background-color is examined, there is poential for an admin to clear a substantial proportion of these by implmenting a simmilar fix to the indciated templates (and underlying stylesheets). It would be nice to clear things like Project box and others, as many other templates (and thus pages depend on them.) :)
[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 11:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

:I think it would be best to grant you interface admin rights for a short period of time to make these changes. However, I still have doubts about the suitability of this solution, which may cause other problems and no one has explained to me why dark mode has to be implemented this way @[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]]. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:43, 20 March 2026 (UTC)

: I would have reservations about holding such rights, which is why I was trying to do what I could without needing them. However if it is the only way to get the required changes made, I would suggest asking on Wikipedia to find technical editors, willing to undertake the changes needed. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 09:32, 21 March 2026 (UTC)

== WikiEducator has closed ==

Some of you may know of a similar project to Wikiversity, called [https://wikieducator.org/Main_Page WikiEducator], championed by [https://oerfoundation.org/about/staff/wayne-mackintosh/ Wayne Mackintosh][https://www.linkedin.com/posts/waynemackintosh_important-notice-about-the-oer-foundation-activity-7405113051688931329-Nhm9/][https://openeducation.nz/killed-not-starved/].

It seems [https://openeducation.nz/terminating-oer-foundation their foundation has closed] and they are no longer operating.

They had done quite a bit of outreach (e.g., in the Pacific and Africa) to get educators using wiki.

The WikiEducator content is still available in MediaWiki - and potentially could be imported to Wikiversity ([https://wikieducator.org/WikiEducator:Copyrights CC-BY-SA] is the default license).

The closing of WikiEducator arguably makes the nurturing of Wikiversity even more important.

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:09, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:I was never active there. If anyone has an account or is otherwise in contact, we may want to copy relevant information here or even at [[:outreach:]]. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:46, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

== Wikinews is ending ==

Apparently mainly due to low editorial activity, low public interest, but also failure to achieve the goals from the proposal for the creation of the project, the Wikinews project is ending after years of discussions ([[Meta:Proposal for Closing Wikinews|some reading]]).

And I would be interested to see how Wikiversity is doing in the monitored metrics. We probably have more editors than Wikinews had, but what about consumers and achieving the goals? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 19:14, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

:Wikiversity's biggest issue in recent times was the hosting of low-quality, trash content. Thankfully we've done a great job in removing pseudoscience and other embarrassingly trash content (Wikidebates, for example), but the biggest concern moving forward is proper maintenance IMO. I've caught several pseudoscience pages being created within the last few months that could easily have flown under the radar (ex, [[The Kelemen Dilemma: Causal Collapse and Axiomatic Instability]]), so I'd urge our custodians/curators to be on the lookout for this type of content. Usually an AI-overview can point this type of content out relatively well.
:In terms of visibility, I believe Wikiversity is a high-traffic project. I remember my [[Mathematical Properties]] showing up on the first page of Google when searching up &quot;math properties&quot; for the longest time (and is still showing up in the first page 'till this day!). Besides, Wikinews hosted a lot of short-term content (the nature of news articles), while Wikiversity hosts content that can still be useful a decade later (ex, [[A Reader's Guide to Annotation]]). 
:I think we are on a better path than we were a few months ago, and I do want to thank everyone here who has been helping out with maintaining our website! —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:48, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
:For what it's worth, the group that did that study has since disbanded, so no one is monitoring the other sister projects in the same way. Additionally, Wikinews had some catastrophic server issues due to the maintenance of [[:m:Extension:DynamicPageList]] which don't apply here. Your questions are still worth addressing, but I just wanted to cut off any concern at the pass about Wikiversity being in the same precarious situation. Wikiversity is definitely the biggest &quot;lagging behind&quot; or &quot;failure&quot; project now that Wikinews is being shuttered, but I don't see any near- or medium-term pathway to closing Wikiversity. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:46, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

:[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] (Wikipedia Signpost) -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 02:03, 11 April 2026 (UTC)

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 17:11, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29941252 --&gt;
:I didnt find such properties, so we are probably fine. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 21:00, 12 April 2026 (UTC)
:: +1 (agreed). [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:19, 12 April 2026 (UTC)

== Enable the abuse filter block action? ==

In light of [[Special:AbuseLog/80178]] (coupon spam), I would like to propose enabling the block action for the abuse filter. Only custodians will be able to enable and disable that action on an abuse filter, and it is useful to block ongoing vandalism. Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 19:12, 13 April 2026 (UTC)

:Seems like a good idea, almost all of the users which create such pages are spambots so this shouldn’t be a problem. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 23:41, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
:Can you explain some more (I am new to abuse filters)? It looks like the attempted edit was prevented? Which abuse filter?
:Note on your suggestion, have also reactivated Antispam Filter 12 - see [[WV:RCA]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:45, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:: I am proposing that we activate the abuse filter block action, which if a user triggers an abuse filter, it would actually block the user in question - the same mechanism that a custodian would use to block users. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 13:11, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::OK, thankyou, that makes sense. And, reviewing the abuse filter 12 log, it would be helpful because it would prevent the need for manual blocking. But I don't see a setting for autoblocking? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:14, 15 April 2026 (UTC)
:::: I think it probably adds an autoblock. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:43, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
: [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] and [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], given that a little bit more than a week has passed and there is minimal consensus to activate the abuse filter block action, I filed [[phab:T424053]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:05, 21 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank-you for doing this. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 08:03, 24 April 2026 (UTC)

== Advice needed: A Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/observation ==

If I want the greatest participation of others to &quot;provide constructive criticism to my idea&quot; or to &quot;shoot down my idea&quot; or &quot;idea&quot;.

What I've called it so far is &quot;The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea&quot;. At other times I used more sensationalist wording but here on Wikiversity I don't dare do that. I actually woke up with thinking about putting this into my userspace draft: &quot;Personal Observations Made By Meeting Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults&quot;.

My ultimate goal is to stop blathering about my &quot;idea&quot; to friend and family without feeling my &quot;methodology&quot; is going into any progressive direction whatsoever. My latest encounter was somewhat constructive though. A friend of a friend who worked with people presenting ideas in attempting to getting grants. I don't want a grant. I just want to figure out how I can express my &quot;idea&quot; in a way so that I can more clearly figure out what flaws it got.

At the same time I tend to overthink. If anyone thinks etherpad might be a good place and considering Wikimedia already got an etherpad at https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/ if anyone feels like they know me better in the future feel free to suggest a &quot;session&quot; on etherpad.

'''If I don't receive a reply to this in 1 week's time I will begin to explore this &quot;idea&quot; into my userspace''' unless you replied and refrained me from doing so, of course. Then maybe after &quot;developing it there&quot; I might reference it to you another future time here in the Colloquium, with my &quot;idea&quot; still in my userspace draft. This &quot;idea&quot; is sort of a burden, I'm happy I've made the choice to get rid of it and hopefully move on with my life, unless there is something to this &quot;idea&quot;. 

My failure is probably evident: I feel I haven't told you anything. Same happened to when I talked to friends and family. In danger of overthinking it further I'll publish this right now. I need to &quot;keep it together&quot; [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:36, 16 April 2026 (UTC)

:Good on you putting it out there ... and hitting publish :). I'd say go for it (no need to wait), give birth to your idea and share about it here and elsewhere. Let it take shape and see where it might go. In many ways, this is exactly what an open collaborative learning community should be doing. Others might not know well how to respond, so perhaps consider creating some questions to accompany the idea. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:21, 16 April 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for encouraging me in developing the idea.
::I have created a &quot;questions&quot; section in the draft which is visible in the table of contents now. My brain was &quot;frozen&quot; today metaphorically speaking in that I felt I had like a &quot;writer's block&quot; so the draft has more &quot;AI/LLM&quot; content than before. I used the LLM for generating questions. The answers are so far human-only.
::I've also created a subsection where I could add the prompts that made the LLM generate the questions. That could help people make better prompts perhaps. I've described what it is about inside of it and there are some chaotically written notes.
::[[Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea#Questions_that_might_encourage_the_development_of_this_idea_and_its_methodology]]
::My draft is missing stuff. Any questions that you contribute to my draft will probably help me and if I don't understand the questions I'll probably notify you and also at the same time &quot;feed them&quot; to an LLM and ask in my input like &quot;explain in simple words what this question means, what is it searching for?&quot; etc. while I wait for an answer. If you have any more feedback please give it to me here or on the Draft page, its talk page or my user talk page. Thank you for helping me! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 21:20, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::Today I woke up with not only thinking about supplying questions along with the &quot;idea&quot; but also answers. ie. Is it possible to &quot;test&quot; this idea? Is it possible to create one or multiple hypotheses based on this &quot;idea&quot;?(etc.) I've thought about this before in this &quot;idea&quot; but since I'm beginning to add to Wikiversity what was previously 'locked in my mind' it's also easier for me to see what I've done so far. Thank you for this comment! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 09:11, 23 April 2026 (UTC)
:May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish. Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet. Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible. Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents. --  [[User:Eric.LEWIN|Eric.LEWIN]] ([[User talk:Eric.LEWIN|discussion]] • [[Special:Contributions/Eric.LEWIN|contributions]]) 10:06, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
::Sorry about the false positive on the profanity filter - I've fixed it. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:26, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::&quot;May I think that you should not add deadlines ; being read, and rising interest for collaboration, or even simply for exchange of thoughts, such an effective meeting event loads a huge bunch of unprobability, which time can help to… somehow diminish.&quot;
::Thank you Eric for this comment. Trust in time is how I interpret it. I should not feel like I need to be in a hurry. I'll try to give this time. Thank you!
:::&quot;Maybe, I would advice you having a central place for developping your ideas, your needs, your advances, maybe a page in your own user zone, and from time to time, depending your feeling, it could be every trimester or so, or more frequently, you could write a short account of progress (or even of no progress), or a call for participation, in such a place as this present one ; I think that will increase much exposure of your projet.&quot;
::A central place for developing or making &quot;project notes&quot; regarding the Neurodiversity idea on my userspace, I might need that, like a diary or &quot;project notes&quot; of the Neurodiversity idea similar to my course notes regarding my experience with Coursera.
::Any actions I take are going to be related to my Userspace from now on but I'll also update the draft when necessary. Now in the beginning I might be working daily to once every 3 days on both the draft and the daily notes I plan to make.
:::&quot;Maybe also, if you can find a project name, not necessarily very meaningfull by itseilf (at least it will gain signification with time, as your project develops), that will serve as a kind-of hook, and make your announcement titles more visible.&quot;
::Thank you for the advice. I was brainstorming yesterday about it. I concluded that since I've not yet developed a methodology that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot; and this is my first time working my &quot;idea&quot; into a way that is compatible with how projects develop on English Wikiversity this is new to me. My methodology isn't developed and therefore trying to get attention to my project through a name can wait. Yesterday I figured out a silly title that has nothing to do with the project: &quot;Planetary Awareness Potato Cabbage Rolls&quot; or something like that. Google output read that no such thing exists so I wanted it mainly to be unique. I don't want to raise attention that I'm unsure whether I'll actually be capable of developing a methodology for but project notes is my best bet so far in tracking my progress. Every day I think about this &quot;idea&quot; but I need to improve the important parts.
:::&quot;Best regards (and my excuses for my poor command of English, which seems to be unplease an anti-abuse filter, &quot;Questionable Language (profanity)&quot;, which I don't understand…). My few cents.&quot;
::You added great points and I felt that I was helped by you! I encourage you to post again and I can understand that interacting with any kind of automated filter can be discouraging and can be for me too! Thank you for giving me feedback! [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 16:01, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

== Add some user rights to the curator user group? ==

By default, only custodians have the ability to mark new pages as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;patrol&lt;/code&gt;) and have their own page creations automatically marked as patrolled (&lt;code&gt;autopatrol&lt;/code&gt;). I am proposing both of the following:
* Curators can mark new pages as patrolled, helping on reducing the backlog of new, unpatrolled pages.
* New pages made by curators will be automatically marked as patrolled by the MediaWiki software.
Before we implement this, I would suggest implementing a proposed guideline for marking new pages as patrolled for curators and custodians.

Thoughts? [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:32, 17 April 2026 (UTC)

:Agree, &lt;s&gt;also can we also allow curators to undelete pages since they already have the rights to delete them?&lt;/s&gt; [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 02:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::I think the requirement that undelete NOT be included came from above (meta / stewards / central office). Having access to the undelete page gives access to information that is restricted by their policies to admins (custodians and bureaucrats). -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 20:12, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::: [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]], unless if requests for curator and custodian should be RfA-like processes (that is, including voting and comments), then I have to agree with Dave above. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:03, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Oh, I didn’t realise that. Withdrawing my comment.. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:08, 19 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} Seems reasonable and would reduce overhead. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:'''Agree''', implement it also to [[Wikiversity:Curators]] proposal please. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:11, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: I went ahead and filed [[phab:T424445]]. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:39, 26 April 2026 (UTC)

== Wikiversity:Curators to become a policy ==

I've looked at the discussions about the Curators policy, I've looked at the practices, and it seems to me that there is no dispute about the wording of the policy, and what's more, the community has been using this proposal as if it were an offical policy for several years. Therefore, I propose that [[Wikiversity:Curators]] become a policy. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:35, 18 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{support}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:54, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
:{{support}} —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 20:21, 18 April 2026 (UTC)
: {{support|Yes, please}}. Especially after when I and PieWriter proposed above, I agree. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:27, 24 April 2026 (UTC)

== Inactive curators ==

Hello, even though [[Wikiversity:Curators]] is not a policy yet, there are curators listed here that have been inactive for two years or more:
* {{user|Cody naccarato}} (last edit on 13 Dec 2022, last logged action on 10 Dec 2022)
* {{user|Praxidicae}} (last edit on 10 Sep 2022, last logged action on 12 Sep 2022)
[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 21:14, 19 April 2026 (UTC)

:Yup, I would remove the rights. To get the rights back if theyll come back should not be a big deal. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:08, 24 April 2026 (UTC)
:: When they don't reply by May 19, feel free (or any custodian) to do so. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:28, 25 April 2026 (UTC)

== Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? ==

Is anyone interested in Neurodiversity? Is there anyone here who is interested for Neurodiversity to be &quot;something more&quot; than it already is? Does anyone here consider Neurodiversity one of the &quot;harder topics&quot; to work on or discuss? Does anyone here have an opinion about the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]? So these questions don't appear like &quot;out of a vacuum&quot; I can tell you a bit about my background:

Many years ago I got a psychiatric diagnosis &quot;Asperger's&quot;. After I stepped out of the office and my Äsperger's was 'concluded', I stepped out into the street and thought my first negative thought(but the positive thought followed after). The thought was about concentration camps in the second world war and that the world seemed to be going into the direction of &quot;labeling others&quot;. I was unsure whether this was &quot;real science&quot; and sort of &quot;challenged myself&quot; to make up my own mind after meeting people that had been given this diagnosis. The more adults with this diagnosis I met the more I started seeing &quot;patterns&quot;.

Was it a coincidence that the first person with Asperger's I met reminded me about my father later after I had plenty of times of experience with interacting with him? None of the people I interacted with online through IRC text chat...I felt I got any clue about how &quot;their brains work&quot;. Only when I met one person from the Asperger's chat community in person we both realized that whatever we experienced was akin to the &quot;chaos theory&quot;. He told me about &quot;chaos theory&quot; while I didn't know even what that term meant but I guess I 'read between the lines'. My question that I linger on still today is &quot;did he understand about me what I think I understood about him?&quot;? That our brains had the same configuration? Most autistic adults who meet other autistic adults usually get disappointed. They think the diagnosis will help them meet somebody like themselves and then they realize the great diversity in the autistic spectrum created by Psychiatry.

I later stopped interacting with autistic communities that much, I felt that it did not benefit me. Also Neurodiversity's &quot;neurotypes&quot; interested me for a while until I realized I had &quot;misunderstood everything&quot; about them and how they are used in the Neurodiversity Movement or &quot;Neurodiversity community&quot; if that even can precisely be defined? I doubt it but if you want to contribute to the [[Neurodiversity Movement]]. My previous attempts failed as I got more and more confused. I think a community project needs a community. With a lack of that I don't think it is worth my time. If any of you would like to work on that project let me know on my talk page.

So I was kinda lost and was talking to my friend and psychologist and I realized if I never talk about my idea to anyone in a &quot;comprehensive way&quot; or show that it matters to me nothing is going to ever happen. So I started talking about my &quot;idea&quot; more. Nobody could understand the &quot;idea&quot; because I had not developed my skills regarding where to start...although the process had already started &quot;automatically&quot; and that's why I often think of &quot;well my brain sort of activated me&quot;. I don't feel like I did have a plan and this idea happened. It happened &quot;by itself&quot;. My brain reacted to what I was seeing in a video or stream.

I value interaction highly in this idea. I think it would be helpful to make a community of people who are not paranoid about stuff that can express itself like &quot;don't analyze me!&quot;, &quot;don't compare me to anyone!&quot;. 

On the contrary, more often than not those adults who were diagnosed were actually openly comparing themselves with each other and I think that is healthy in a &quot;science&quot; way if done the &quot;right way&quot; which probably means &quot;Do no harm&quot;.

I found video material is important but I'm very unsure if uploading own video material to Wikimedia Commons would constitute a &quot;reasonable&quot; use of the resources there. Maybe somebody here needs to ask more questions to me that I should answer before that happens. I also know the '''be bold''' so I could just do what I think might be ok. Though I work better in a group as long as I know what &quot;group configurations&quot; help me. This is in a non-profit way. Since the state supported me this might be a way I am trying to &quot;give back&quot; to the state and &quot;the world&quot;. May seem overly ambitious and crazy but this thing gives me energy. It gives me hope when trying to develop this idea. [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 10:47, 23 April 2026 (UTC)

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 00:58, 26 April 2026 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30424282 --&gt;</text>
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{| style=&quot;border-spacing:8px;margin:0px -8px&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
|class=&quot;MainPageBG&quot; style=&quot;width: 55%; border:1px solid #084080; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top;color:#000000;font-size: 85%&quot;|
{| width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0; background-color:#CEF2E0; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #084080; text-align:left; color:#082840; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;&quot;&gt; '''Hello Koavf! [[Wikiversity:Welcome, newcomers|Welcome]] to [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity?|Wikiversity]]!''' If you decide that you need help, check out [[Wikiversity:Help desk]], ask the [[Wikiversity:Support staff|support staff]], or ask me on my talk page. Please remember to [[Wikiversity:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (~&amp;#126;~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. Below are some recommended guidelines to facilitate your involvement. Happy Editing! -- [[User:Trevor MacInnis|Trevor MacInnis]] 22:28, 4 September 2006 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
|}
{| style=&quot;border-spacing:8px;margin:0px -8px&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
|class=&quot;MainPageBG&quot; style=&quot;width: 55%; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top&quot;|
{| width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA&quot;
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|-
|style=&quot;color:#000&quot;|
* [[Wikiversity:Guided tour|Take a guided tour]]
* [[Help:Editing|How to edit a page]]
* [[Wikiversity:Be bold|Be bold in editing]]
* [[Portal:Learning Projects|Learning Projects]]
* [[Wikiversity:What Wikiversity is not|What Wikiversity is not]]
|-
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0; background:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #cef2e0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;Getting your info out there&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;color:#000&quot;|
* [[Wikiversity:Cite sources|Cite your sources]]
* [[Wikiversity:Disclosures|Neutral Point of View]]
* [[Wikiversity:Verifiability|Verifiability]]
|-
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0; background:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #cef2e0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;Getting more Wikiversity rules&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;color:#000&quot;|
* [[Wikiversity:Policies|Policy Library]]
|-
|}
|class=&quot;MainPageBG&quot; style=&quot;width: 55%; border:1px solid #FFFFFF; background-color:#F5FFFA; vertical-align:top&quot;|
{| width=&quot;100%&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align:top; background-color:#F5FFFA&quot;
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|-
|style=&quot;color:#000&quot;|
* [[Wikiversity:Research|Research guidelines]]
* [[Wikiversity:Help desk|Help Desk]]
|-
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0; background-color:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #cef2e0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;Getting along&lt;/div&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;color:#000&quot;|
* [[Wikiversity:Civility|Civility]]
* [[Wikiversity:Sign your posts on talk pages|Sign your posts]]
* [[Wikiversity:Scholarly ethics|Scholarly ethics]]
|-
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin: 0; background-color:#084080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #cef2e0; text-align:left; color:#FFC000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;Getting technical&lt;/div&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;color:#000&quot;|
[[Image:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|60px|right]]
* [[Wikiversity:Colloquium|Colloquium]]
|-
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== wikitravel ==

Hi. You removed links to Wikitravel. Why? --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 12:44, 24 October 2013 (UTC)
:'''Wikitravel links''' Per discussion at [[w:Template:Wikitravel|en.wp]] as well as [[m:Interwiki map|Meta]] to remove links at those projects. If you want to keep links and references here at en.v, I guess that's fine. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:28, 24 October 2013 (UTC)

== Thanks. ==

I see you got it before I explained. Wikiversity is disconcerting to those familiar with the encyclopedia projects, and the other content-oriented projects. While we do have a content mission, we ''also'' have a &quot;learning by doing&quot; mission, which is about ''people.'' Our product is not just content, it is education, and there is no education without users who are educated, and sophisticated education is always about process and people skills and the rest. I would argue that the encyclopedia projects also need to be welcoming, if the full mission is to be fulfilled, but ... they developed with a very narrow focus and absent the realization that an environment that was easily seen as hostile would damage the mission.

The 20th century saw the development of systems and skills and process for maximizing consensus, and the only reliable measure of neutrality is level of consensus. (I.e., if everyone involved agrees, 100% consensus, while what they agree upon only might possibly turn out, in the end, to be defective or invalid, there is no better measure!). So to the extent that there is exclusion, to that extent, the assessment of neutrality can be warped.

Obviously, compromises are necessary, but &quot;compromise&quot; requires tolerating a level of damage, and that is easily forgotten. When the importance of consensus being as broad as possible is realized, a community will find ways to keep conversation open, on some level, in some place, otherwise the community becomes locked into what I call the &quot;tyranny of the past.&quot; There is a children's song that was part of a therapeutic response to Reactive Attachment Disorder:
:'''There is always something you can do, do, do'''
:'''When you're getting in a stew, stew, stew.'''

Mostly, it involves simmering down, dropping upset and reactive response, and, when calm, communicating.

While this kind of work has been done on Wikipedia, often in user space -- it's what I did, successfully mediating disputes, such that users at each other's throats became cooperative ''with each other'' -- this was mumbo-jumbo nonsense to too many on Wikipedia. For example, see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Miscellany_for_deletion/Abd_user_pages], which included many pages of historical function, including evidence presented to ArbCom. I found it very strange that ArbCom did not care that evidence used in a case was being deleted, but ArbCom consists of too many elevated beyond their competence by popularity (as well as many other highly-experienced and thoughtful user; but the system tends to burn them out and they become less attentive.)

[[w:User:Abd/Dispute over thermoeconomics]] was particularly educational. In that mediation, a professor was revert warring with Randy from Boise, so to speak, and one or both were about to be blocked. It took very little to develop cooperation, mostly just sitting them down together with some support. Hmmm... I'm thinking of asking that these pages be transwikied to Wikiversity, precisely for historical study.

Looking for the link to that, I came across [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Miscellany_for_deletion/User:UBX/Esperanza_returns this]. It shows a quick and major clue to what happened on en.wiki. Two three-letter users with a conflict. One was an administrator taken to ArbCom by the other, and the administrator was trout-slapped by ArbCom and then, it is obvious, revenge was exacted, by the admin and his friends. This was long-continued and, while not unnoticed, never sanctioned. Admins can be hostile, this one was more than hostile, he was highly insulting at times, using obscene language, and using tools while involved, was reprimanded, made small adjustments to his behavior, but continued pretty much unimpeded. And, as you know, this is not uncommon. He is even a likeable Guy. I consider this all the responsibility ''of the community.'' Blaming people for what comes naturally for them is not productive. Such people generally will modify behavior in a functional community.

Notice the irony. The userbox was &quot;Esperanza returns,&quot; referring to the project designed to foster civility and welcome and cooperation. Esperanza, of course, means Hope. So the nominator was saying, &quot;Hope will never return.&quot; Esperanza was crushed when it temporarily was inactive. Instead of improving the governance, which was easily possible, it was crushed with ''vehemence,'' see the [[w:Wikipedia:Miscellany_for_deletion/Wikipedia:Esperanza|MfD]]. Why?

To any serious student of human organizational structure, it's obvious.

Wikiversity is the slim thread of hope, and if it is not protected and defended, hope will break.

Thanks again. --[[User:Abd|Abd]] ([[User talk:Abd|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Abd|contribs]]) 15:17, 7 August 2015 (UTC)

== Curator ==

Hi! I've noticed and appreciated your recent efforts on behalf of Wikiversity. Do you have any interest in becoming a [[Wikiversity:Curators|Wikiversity curator]]? It would give you additional tools to make some clean-up easier. I'd be happy to nominate/support you if you are interested. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 17:11, 19 October 2016 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Dave Braunschweig}} I'd be delited and honored. I started editing here as soon as it was founded and I've always wanted to collaborate more on philosophy. If I had some more tools here, I think I'd be more active as well. Thanks for the invitation. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:16, 19 October 2016 (UTC)

::Thanks! And thanks for creating the nomination page. I was in the process, but you beat me to it. :-) -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 18:01, 19 October 2016 (UTC)

:::Congratulations! Let me know if you have any questions. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 02:47, 21 October 2016 (UTC)
::::{{Ping|Dave Braunschweig}} Definitely. Thank you again. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 03:19, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

== Welcome ==

There's also {{tlx|welcomeip}}. Thanks! -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 00:25, 24 February 2017 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Dave Braunschweig}} Brilliant. Thanks. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:44, 24 February 2017 (UTC)

== Deletion request ==

Hey Justin,

I was wondering if you could delete [[Module:Color contrast‎]], a page I've created accidentally. I was switching between tabs with the intention of creating the page at Beta Wikiversity, and you know the rest. :) Thanks in advance.

Best,

[[User:Vito Genovese|{{font|color=#008000|'''Vito Genovese'''}}]] 23:10, 12 March 2017 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Vito Genovese}} No problem--accidents happen. Happy to help, Vito. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:13, 12 March 2017 (UTC)

== Do humans have free will? ==

Hi Koavf!

The Wikidebate [[Do humans have free will?]] appears to be well-developed and ready for learners! Would you like to have it announced on our Main Page News? --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 16:12, 4 July 2017 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Marshallsumter}} It's certainly a good start. Go for it. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 16:14, 4 July 2017 (UTC)

== Does everything happen for a sufficient reason? ==

Hi Koavf!

[[Does everything happen for a sufficient reason?]] also appears well-developed! Would you like to have it announced on our Main Page News? --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 16:32, 4 July 2017 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Marshallsumter}} Go for it. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:26, 4 July 2017 (UTC)

== New wikidebate syntax ==

Hi Justin! Just wanted to let you know that I made a new improvement to the software and syntax. It's now even cleaner and more compatible with the visual editor. Hope you like it, cheers! --[[User:Sophivorus|Felipe]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs]]) 23:58, 5 July 2017 (UTC)

== Learning bass guitar with Joseph Patrick Moore ==

Hi Koavf!

Your course [[Learning bass guitar with Joseph Patrick Moore]] appears well-developed and ready for learners! Would you like to have it announced on our Main Page News? --[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] ([[User talk:Marshallsumter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Marshallsumter|contribs]]) 00:18, 19 February 2018 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Marshallsumter}} Not yet, please. I'm still uploading videos and fleshing out the text portion. I'd be delighted for it to be featured soon, tho. I'll ping you when I'm done-ish. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:30, 19 February 2018 (UTC)

== User:Beogradbulevar ==

Most posts relating to boxing or chess are from globally banned user George Reeves Person. Typical attacks come when he gets off work between 2 and 5 p.m. CST, and occasionally later, particularly on Fridays or Saturdays. He uses public libraries for Internet access, and typically doesn't post after 9 p.m. CST. It's unfortunate, but we really have to watch who posts what in the mid-to-late afternoons and be vigilant in blocking the content and not welcoming the user. See [[Wikiversity:Community Review/Marshallsumter]] for the damage it causes. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 14:25, 5 November 2019 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Dave Braunschweig}} Wow. Thanks. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 16:54, 5 November 2019 (UTC)

== CU ==

I closed the CU nomination due to the low number of recent additions to the discussion. It just seemed like we wouldn't meet the criteria in a reasonable time. Thanks for offering to help with this and perhaps we can try again in the future. We appreciate your contributions. --[[User:Mu301|mikeu]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Mu301|talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:45, 29 January 2020 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Mu301}} For sure. Thanks yourself. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:21, 29 January 2020 (UTC)

== history of covid in the usa ==

Hi {{PAGENAME}}

I was idly surfing the wsj and suddenly realized all articles I was looking at had a video posted right at the top.(example:https://www.wsj.com/articles/some-covid-19-patients-show-signs-of-heart-damage-months-later-11600866000). The video section is 8:06 minutes long and is a short version of the history of pandemic in the usa.

I don't know how to get the url of the video itself. Can you help? Thanks in advance, [[User:Ottawahitech|Ottawahitech]] ([[User talk:Ottawahitech|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ottawahitech|contribs]]) 15:57, 2 November 2020 (UTC)
:{{Ping|Ottawahitech}} Load the page in your browser and use the networking console--you can usually get this to display by pressing F12. You'll find that this video is served up as a playlist of several bits with the URI https://oms.dowjoneson.com/b/ss/djglobal/1/JS-2.17.0/s04078897862906?AQB=1&amp;ndh=1&amp;pf=1&amp;t=2%2F10%2F2020%2013%3A6%3A8%201%20300&amp;mid=71630168209780702446627362471898499848&amp;ce=UTF-8&amp;pageName=WSJLive_Video_How%20Coronavirus%20Spread%20Across%20the%20U.S.%20to%20Reach%20200%2C000%20Deaths_372&amp;g=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fsome-covid-19-patients-show-signs-of-heart-damage-months-later-11600866000&amp;c.&amp;a.&amp;media.&amp;friendlyName=How%20Coronavirus%20Spread%20Across%20the%20U.S.%20to%20Reach%20200%2C000%20Deaths&amp;length=486&amp;name=AE28508C-C7DF-406E-814F-69C8FAAD1A86&amp;playerName=Web&amp;channel=WSJ&amp;show=Feature%20Explainer&amp;originator=cmccall&amp;genre=WSJ_News_U.S.%20News&amp;digitalDate=original_2020-09-22%2011%3A58_current_2020-09-22%2011%3A58&amp;feed=video&amp;network=115&amp;format=user%20initiated&amp;streamType=video&amp;view=true&amp;vsid=160434036774097779839&amp;.media&amp;contentType=vod&amp;.a&amp;page.&amp;content.&amp;type=Article&amp;.content&amp;full.&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fsome-covid-19-patients-show-signs-of-heart-damage-months-later-11600866000&amp;.full&amp;site=Online%20Journal&amp;.page&amp;video.&amp;player.&amp;type=Web&amp;technology=html%203.41.2.205&amp;.player&amp;keywords=CORONAVIRUS%20RESPONSE%7CCORONAVIRUS%20TESTING%7CCOVID-19%20TESTING%7CDANIELA%20HERNANDEZ%7CPANDEMIC%7CTESTING%20SITES&amp;base.&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fsome-covid-19-patients-show-signs-of-heart-damage-months-later-11600866000&amp;.base&amp;.video&amp;article.&amp;id=SB11126288623532913915004586647794135594296&amp;author=Sarah%20Toy&amp;publish=2020-09-23%2013%3A00&amp;publish.&amp;orig=2020-09-23%2013%3A00&amp;.publish&amp;.article&amp;ad.&amp;blank.&amp;start=false&amp;.blank&amp;disabled=true&amp;catastrophic.&amp;blocker=false&amp;.catastrophic&amp;.ad&amp;.c&amp;pe=ms_s&amp;pev3=video&amp;s=1600x900&amp;c=24&amp;j=1.6&amp;v=N&amp;k=Y&amp;bw=781&amp;bh=776&amp;mcorgid=CB68E4BA55144CAA0A4C98A5%40AdobeOrg&amp;AQE=1 or somesuch (it may not be identical for you). If you open this in VLC Player, you can save playlists as videos. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:09, 2 November 2020 (UTC)

==Custodianship==
Welcome to en.wv custodianship [[User:Koavf]]. Thanks for helping. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 23:04, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

:Merci, James. I hope I'm an asset to the community. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:50, 8 September 2023 (UTC)

== Bowling article ==

Hey there Koavf! I've created that [[Bowling Fundamentals|bowling article]] we discussed at the Colloquium. Do you have any advice on how I can further improve it? [[User:Contributor 118,784|Contributor 118,784]] ([[User talk:Contributor 118,784|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Contributor 118,784|contribs]]) 01:20, 26 September 2023 (UTC)

:Nice. I don't have any particular feedback other than what I mentioned there. I'm pretty ignorant about bowling. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 02:26, 26 September 2023 (UTC)
::Fair, thank you! [[User:Contributor 118,784|Contributor 118,784]] ([[User talk:Contributor 118,784|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Contributor 118,784|contribs]]) 09:18, 26 September 2023 (UTC)

== RCA talkback (January 2024) ==

{{talkback|WV:RCA|User:50.118.222.66 has been flooding our abuse filter log with spam}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:31, 2 January 2024 (UTC)

== Invitation to discuss page deletion policy ==

A discussion that might interest you has been started at [[Wikiversity:Requests_for_Deletion#Wikiversity:Deletion_Convention_2024]]. -- [[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 17:54, 15 February 2024 (UTC)

== RCA talkback ==

{{tb|Wikiversity:Request_custodian_action#Induced_stem_cells_copyright_issues}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:02, 24 May 2024 (UTC)

== Report ==

Hello, I would like to report this user, who has a COI: [[Special:Contributions/Oluwadarasimi Morayo]]

Thank you. [[User:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[User talk:Ternera|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ternera|contribs]]) 14:51, 24 May 2024 (UTC)

:Thanks. It's best to leave these at a board like [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action]], but this was obvious spam. Cheers. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 15:19, 24 May 2024 (UTC)

== Files ==
Hello! Thank you for deleting files once again!

You made a comment about &quot;all local uploads&quot;. 

Fair-use is not allowed on Commons so the 2,712 files in [[:Category:All non-free media]] can't go to Commons. But as I understand [[Wikiversity:Requests_for_Deletion#Deleting_ALL_non-free_uploads_by_User:Marshallsumter]] the files uploaded by Marshallsumter could be deleted. That would eliminate 1,126 files. Since [[Wikiversity:Uploading_files#Exemption_Doctrine_Policy]] allow fair use it would require a vote/discussion to change that. 

Young1lim uploads many pdf-files and as far as I know Commons generally do not like pdf-files. Except when it is scans of old books etc. So I do not think those files should go to Commons right now.

There are still many files in [[Special:UnusedFiles]]. Right now 1,422 but some are uploaded by Young1lim. But the latest deletion request ended with delete so I think there is concensus to delete files. But some were also found good and moved to Commons. So the question is if we need another discussion about the files or if someone (you?) could just go through the files when you have a little time and either move to Commons or delete. If you think we could make one final discussion about all the files and ask for a go to the &quot;any admin that want to can check the files and either move to Commons or delete&quot;. Then noone can come later and complain that you or another admin just deleted a file without warning.

If there are 40k files in total. Perhaps 22k are pdf uploaded by Young1lim. 3k are non-free. 1.5k are unused. That would leave around 13.5k free files in use. That is a lot of files to check. I do not think there are many users that are willing to spend much time checking those files. 

But it would help if no more free files are uploaded (except pdf). There is allready a text on the top of [[Special:Upload]] suggesting commons. But it could perhaps be made more clear. And perhaps some of the options on [[MediaWiki:Licenses]] could be removed. --[[User:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[User talk:MGA73|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MGA73|contribs]]) 18:01, 27 July 2024 (UTC)

:Yeah, to be clear, I appreciate that sister projects like e.g. Wikibooks allow a lot of free-use files because they allow video game strategy guides and there is substantial value in screenshots or Wikipedia allows album covers and film posters as identifying media. I'm not proposing any change to policy and I accept that there are reasons for fair use, so I apologize for that sloppy wording. That said, I definitely think we should have minimal fair use if any at all.
:As for PDFs, there are plenty at Commons: I have uploaded dozens and dozens of books, scientific articles, etc. It's not a problem, but it's just not optimal for many kinds of files, such as maps or something.
:I'm happy to help and slog thru the uplaods if you start a conversation. Just ping me. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:49, 27 July 2024 (UTC)
:: Yes fair use have some benefits. But If we/someone is going to make a cleanup it could perhaps be a good idea to first have a discussion about it. So I will start a post about fair use on wikiversity.
:: And about unused files I will start a deletion discussion (again) just to be sure.
:: If you feel like deleting files you could kill the files uploaded by Marshallsumter. :-) --[[User:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[User talk:MGA73|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MGA73|contribs]]) 09:25, 29 July 2024 (UTC)
::: I started a discussion at [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Fair_use_on_Wikiversity]]. Lets see what happens. --[[User:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[User talk:MGA73|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MGA73|contribs]]) 21:23, 29 July 2024 (UTC)
:::: With the files of Marshallsumter gone that really helped a lot! Lets see what everyone thinks about the rest of the files. It will probably take weeks the get enough comments. But thats okay. It is summer and vacation time and if the files have been around for years they can easily wait a little longer. --[[User:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[User talk:MGA73|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MGA73|contribs]]) 19:20, 31 July 2024 (UTC)
Hello! Some files have been moved to Commons if you would like to have. Look 😊 --[[User:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[User talk:MGA73|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MGA73|contribs]]) 19:35, 3 March 2025 (UTC)

:1,587&lt;2,712, that's for sure. I'll try to keep chipping away at these. Thanks for the reminder. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:06, 3 March 2025 (UTC)

== Revert? ==

Why did you revert this argument?  I wanted (humorously) to make the observation that the guilty party at the end of a suicide is dead but is the only one that can be punished.  Attempted and assisted suicide wasn't included.  [[Special:Contributions/176.0.152.191|176.0.152.191]] ([[User talk:176.0.152.191|discuss]]) 22:27, 15 September 2024 (UTC)

:It's not really a venue for hilarious jokes about killing. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:44, 15 September 2024 (UTC)
::but I remember there was really some law along that line. With a similar explanation. Some king (could be from a fairy tale, but I don't believe so) wanted to outlaw suicide and his advisers had this idea. The judge (or the king himself) would speak the verdict and justice was already done.  So the king was famous for his his fair and swift justice.  You see I don't remember too clearly,  therefore I wanted to compress the essence of this into an argument. I didn't think it was that hilarious, so sorry for injured sensitivity.  Now that you know what I wanted to do,  could you please formulate an accordingly compressed argument,  in the appropriate tone? [[Special:Contributions/176.0.152.191|176.0.152.191]] ([[User talk:176.0.152.191|discuss]]) 00:52, 16 September 2024 (UTC)
:::I think you can. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 00:56, 16 September 2024 (UTC)
::::I'm not a native speaker. And that you found it hilarious, where I targeted a slightly levied tone shows me that I can't really do it.  [[Special:Contributions/176.0.152.191|176.0.152.191]] ([[User talk:176.0.152.191|discuss]]) 01:05, 16 September 2024 (UTC)
:::::I believe in you. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 01:10, 16 September 2024 (UTC)

== Wrong import ==

Hi, template:Languages does not work properly and I think its because even you states that you have importated Module which this template use from BetaWikiversity, you actually imported it from Commons, so the template is than calling non-existent function subpates. Compare:

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Module:Languages|en.wv module Languages]]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[commons:Module:Languages]]

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[betawikiversity:Module:Languages|betaversity]]


So I dont know if removing incorect revisions and importing corect ones will fix it, but the error message is probably delivered because of this mismatch. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 13:25, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

:Weird, I thought I reverted that. Let me delete that rev. So sorry. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:10, 19 August 2025 (UTC)

== A barnstar for you! ==

{| style=&quot;border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #ffffff;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot; | [[File:Resilient Barnstar.png|100px]]
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&quot; | '''The Silver Barnstar'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;&quot; |  Thanks for contributing to Wikiversity for a very long time. You are the best. —[[User:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana; color:#008000; text-shadow:gray 0.2em 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;RailwayEnthusiast2025&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#59a53f&quot;&gt;''talk with me!''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 19:55, 9 September 2025 (UTC)
|}
:How kind. I'm appreciate of your additions and ideas as well. Thanks so much. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:29, 9 September 2025 (UTC)

== Deleting all unused templates ==
You seem to have been deleting many templates with the summary &quot;unused template&quot;. One qualm I have with this is that, in general, deleting all unused templates is likely to lead to some revision histories (those that used the templates) becoming illegible. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:21, 19 September 2025 (UTC)

:Yeah, maybe. Probably not a big deal, tho. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:22, 19 September 2025 (UTC)
:: In the English Wikiversity, that is plausible enough. On the other hand, in the English Wiktionary, deleting the once widely used [[wikt: T: term]] as unused would cause massive harm as for legibility, for no appreciable benefit. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:24, 19 September 2025 (UTC)
:::Any examples that really matter can be undeleted or something if really necessary. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:25, 19 September 2025 (UTC)
:::: I have not been long enough around the English Wikiversity to know which of the many (over 100?) deleted templates were once widely used.
:::: Background: In the English Wiktionary, I noticed that someone made the thesarus revision histories completely illegible. There is too much disregard for legibility of revision histories going around. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:33, 19 September 2025 (UTC)
:::::It is a concern of some regard, granted. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:44, 19 September 2025 (UTC)
::::Hi Koavf; as follow-up for this issue, I wanted to mention the [[Template:Convert links]]. This is far from being unused, since it's a fundamental tool in importing Wikipedia articles to Wikiversity, e.g. for all the Wikijournals - see step 4 of [[WikiJournal_User_Group/Editorial_guidelines#Importing_from_Wikipedia]]. 
::::I just bumped into this issue myself, and I presume it will be relevant for several other users in the future. As far as I know, there are no other ways to convert those links (beside doing it manually one by one). Could you therefore please undelete that template? [[User:Francesco Cattafi|Francesco Cattafi]] ([[User talk:Francesco Cattafi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Francesco Cattafi|contribs]]) 07:56, 22 September 2025 (UTC)
:::::Of course. My apologies for causing problems. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 08:01, 22 September 2025 (UTC)
::::::Perfect, thanks a lot! [[User:Francesco Cattafi|Francesco Cattafi]] ([[User talk:Francesco Cattafi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Francesco Cattafi|contribs]]) 08:04, 22 September 2025 (UTC)

I was not aware, that unused templates can be deleted without any notice. I think nothing (except obvious spam and vandalism) should be deleted without warning and time to respond.&lt;br&gt;
[[Wikiversity:Requests_for_Deletion#Please_restore_my_templates|Please restore 61 of them.]] --[[User:Watchduck|Watchduck]] &lt;small&gt;([[User talk:Watchduck|quack]])&lt;/small&gt; 15:00, 7 October 2025 (UTC)
:I undeleted two templates that you asked for above, but one of them is [[Template:Studies of Euler diagrams/tamino NP table]], which is just unused. Why do these need to be here? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 15:01, 7 October 2025 (UTC)

== Restoring Template:Copyrighted ==
Can you please restore [[:Template:Copyrighted]]? It is clear why this template would be unused: it is only used when some page is tagged as a possible copyright violation.

I guess there should be a way to tag templates as unused-but-needed, and this would be one of then. These would then be excluded from a clean-up action like yours.

On the other hand, the template is linked from [[:Wikiversity:Copyright issues]], so while it is perhaps unused in the sense of ''not invoked'', it is ''linked to''. And a clean-up should ideally not delete pages that are linked to, or consider them on a careful case-to-case basis, no? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 04:06, 8 October 2025 (UTC)

:{{Done}} and agreed that if they have links that aren't from an old talk archive or a userspace or something more trivial, then there should at least be some appropriate action to not leave a redlink. The goal was to go back over those reports the next week or two once they've refreshed to also see wanted templates or wanted pages and try to clear those, so that two-pass system &lt;em&gt;should&lt;/em&gt; catch errors like this, but not always. Thanks. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 16:46, 8 October 2025 (UTC)

== Manual numbering ==
My use of manual numbering in the discussion that you modified (RFD) was intentional. One can find documents using such an approach, I think. I would therefore prefer that you leave it as is next time. I am not going to revert it this time; it's not really a big deal. And thank you for correcting my misspeling of suspition to suspicion; my being a non-native speaker showed here. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 05:13, 9 October 2025 (UTC)

:Good deal. Thanks. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:15, 9 October 2025 (UTC)

== Draft namespace move ==

Hello Justin,
Do you think it is alright to move [[User:RailwayEnthusiast2025/Basic Scratch Coding]] and subpages to Draft namespace&lt;s&gt;.&lt;/s&gt;? Because I &lt;s&gt;H&lt;/s&gt;haven't fully completed it and would appreciate it if other contributors in the community would like to help out.
Thanks,
RE
—[[User:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Verdana; color:#008000; text-shadow:gray 0.2em 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;RailwayEnthusiast2025&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:RailwayEnthusiast2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#59a53f&quot;&gt;''talk with me!''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/sup&gt; 18:27, 26 October 2025 (UTC)

:I certainly think so, but honestly, I think the draft namespace is kind of a joke anyway. But I totally support you doing it. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 20:39, 26 October 2025 (UTC)

== Article Info - Related item ==

In the Lints was [[:User:Octfx/sandbox2]].

This was throwing a stripped Small , which I can't currently trace, Suggesting the earlier fix whilst mostly stable, has a very specfic interaction. Perhaps you can take a look and resolve this for robustness? [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 23:33, 31 October 2025 (UTC)

:Diagnosing it would be optimal, but to resolve the issue, I just [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=User%3AOctfx%2Fsandbox2&amp;diff=2765037&amp;oldid=2425963 commented it out]. The page hasn't been edited in years, nor has that editor edited in years, so I just don't have the bandwidth to investigate. :/ —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:39, 31 October 2025 (UTC)

== Possible copyvio ==
Can you please look at [[User:Harold Foppele/sandbox-2]] to see whether there is a copyvio, and if there is one, delete the page? --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 18:45, 6 November 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Koavf|Koavf]] Since you are a custodian, can you please put a stop to this? To me it seems like a personal vendetta that should not belong here. As for the page [[User:Harold Foppele/sandbox-2]] i asked [[user:Jtneill|Jtneill]] for advice some 12 hours ago. Since he is in Australia there is minimum a 12 hour delay in response. Would you maybe willing to help me? Kind regards, [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 18:58, 6 November 2025 (UTC)
::I don't know what the deal is between you and Dan, but I saw the earlier post he made to the curator's noticeboard and haven't had time to investigate. Since it seems that the two of you have some kind of friction, it may be best for you two to just generally avoid interaction in the immediate term. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:03, 6 November 2025 (UTC)
:This [https://archive.org/details/Caltech-ES23.5.1960/page/2/mode/2up was published in the United States with a copyright notice, all rights reserved], so if it's in the public domain is a question of [[:c:Commons:Copyright rules by territory/United States|if the registration was renewed in a timely manner]]. Unfortunately, there is no single database of all renewals, so we can't know for sure if it &lt;em&gt;wasn't/t&lt;/em&gt; renewed. We should probably err on the side of assuming that it's a copyright violation. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:02, 6 November 2025 (UTC)
::I made a request, just to make sure to:: cmgworldwide.com to obtain a license to use it in Wikiversity. As it looks for now i can get the license and will know that end next week. Thanks [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 23:23, 6 November 2025 (UTC)
:::I am going to delete it for now. It can be undeleted as necessary. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 07:49, 7 November 2025 (UTC)
::::👍 [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 09:07, 7 November 2025 (UTC)

== Chess by Wikiversitans ==

I made a short setup for the page [[Chess/Play with other Wikiversitans]]. Is that the way you would like it to go? Do you by anychance play chess yoursef? [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 19:21, 6 November 2025 (UTC)

:Great questions. I made that page years ago and [[User:Mu301]] erroneously deleted it. I restored the old revs. As for how it should look, it's all wide open, so I have no objections. I think the notion of somehow playing here on site is actually intriguing. Maybe we could make that work... —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 23:05, 6 November 2025 (UTC)
::Help is needed from a specialist in the heart of Wiki. If you look at or know Lichess.org its very complex. However starting a Wikiversitans team there is a piece of cake. Just how do we invite our &quot;members&quot; here? Ideas welcome :) [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 23:49, 6 November 2025 (UTC)
:::Would love to play chess with you. Find me at [[Chess/Play with other Wikiversitans]] in Lichess.org or Chess.com. Leave a message or email if you want to play. Cheers [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 11:46, 7 November 2025 (UTC)
::::Thanks. I saw your invite in my inbox, but I'm a little distracted now and recently started a new job, so I didn't want to agree until I had time to actually play. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 11:48, 7 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::No problem. just say &quot;When&quot; :) [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 11:51, 7 November 2025 (UTC)
::::::[[Chess/Board Configurations]] I think you'll like it. [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 13:56, 7 November 2025 (UTC)
:::::::There is also a Wikiversity chess team &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #aaffaa;&quot;&gt;created at [https://lichess.org/team/wikiversity Lichess.org].&lt;/span&gt; [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 12:58, 8 November 2025 (UTC)
::::::::Oh dip. Thanks for the heads up. I'm glad to see you taking initiative about this. If only I had more time myself. :/ —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 22:22, 8 November 2025 (UTC)

== Importing template ==

{{Ping|Koavf}} I would like to change the [[Template:Quantum mechanics]] to look more like [[W:Template:Quantum mechanics]] since the template at WV has almost no contence I could edit that, but better ask you instead of doing it. Btw we should play chess sometime :) Cheers [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 10:54, 14 November 2025 (UTC)

== Night mode unaware lint.. ==

Thanks for the edits to self. 

Do you plan to proceed on updating other high-use templates? like {{tl|information}}, and {{tl|article info}}, where I should ideally have resolved the Night mode unaware lint as the same time as the other fixes in the sandbox version you swapped in :(. 
[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 08:42, 18 November 2025 (UTC)

Please also check my contributions on talk pages for {{tl|edit protected}} requests. 
[[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 08:42, 18 November 2025 (UTC)

:In principle, yes, I do. When will I find the time??? Note that a lot of those edit request were up for months or a year+. :/ —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 08:43, 18 November 2025 (UTC)

: An obvious group to update would be {{tl|Projectbox}} and {{tl|Robelbox}} families, although I would strongly suggest migrating these to use template styles over the current inline approach. [[User:ShakespeareFan00|ShakespeareFan00]] ([[User talk:ShakespeareFan00|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00|contribs]]) 08:49, 18 November 2025 (UTC)
::These are good ideas, but I just don't know when I'll have time to implement them. :/ —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 12:40, 19 November 2025 (UTC)

== Wikidebate form ==

Hi, hope you're doing good! I just noticed some months ago you deleted [[Template:Form/wikidebate]]. The template was indeed unused (and probably undocumented too) but it did serve a purpose, namely to be ''substituted'' when creating a new wikidebate via [[Wikidebate/New]]. As a consequence, [[Is hate is an ineffective and or selfish emotion?|this happened]] and could happen again. Could you restore it, please? If you can do that, I'll document it properly and tag it with &lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__&lt;/nowiki&gt; to avoid further confusion. Thanks! [[User:Sophivorus|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus|discusión]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sophivorus|contribs.]]) 14:39, 23 December 2025 (UTC)

:Of course. Thanks for your understanding. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:34, 23 December 2025 (UTC)

== [[:Category:Wikiversity fully protected templates]] ==

I am creating semi/full protection categories for various namespace pages, so can you undelete [[:Category:Wikiversity fully protected templates]]? Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:57, 14 April 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 17:09, 14 April 2026 (UTC)

== Different way to display talk pages for easier reading? ==

On [[Wikiversity:Colloquium]] when many people reply to the same thing all their posts are jumbled together into one big paragraph.

Is this a well known problem? Is there a gadget I could use/activate to make readability/accessibility greater on Wikiversity or are we still working on that?

Can I do anything obvious in order to help in this regard? ie. manually editing talk pages and adding proper wikitext or edit my own common.js? With the recent activation of a javascript that got up on the news...is there a way I can safely test my own common.js code that I ask an LLM to generate for me? I have a Qubes OS computer where I have access to disposable VMs which I can also turn off the internet on so even if the code goes haywire it won't affect my computer or the internet connection. [[User:ThinkingScience|ThinkingScience]] ([[User talk:ThinkingScience|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/ThinkingScience|contribs]]) 11:45, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
:It's kind of surprising that you would write that, since this wiki has CSS with pretty bold background colors to differentiate comments based on how they are indented. Which skin are you using? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 14:23, 27 April 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>1vf847zoa1eh9y7p7cs8d78nod00gal</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:OhanaUnited</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>54428</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2806845</id>
      <parentid>2794858</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-28T03:47:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>OhanaUnited</username>
        <id>18921</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* WikiJournal article nominations */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>2806845</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38218" sha1="o8b8x0oblu0bnjbbtfjxml0jgvz0pu8" xml:space="preserve">Thank you for making this happen: [[User:OhanaUnited/Sister Projects Interview]] - I am sure your readers will profit from the better info from all here. Below more info about Wikiversity, ----[[User:Erkan_Yilmaz|Erkan Yilmaz]] &lt;small&gt;uses the [[Wikiversity:Chat|Wikiversity:Chat]] ([http://java.freenode.net//index.php?channel=wikiversity-en try])&lt;/small&gt; 18:51, 27 March 2008 (UTC)


==Welcome==
'''Hello OhanaUnited, and [[Wikiversity:Welcome, newcomers|welcome]] to [[Wikiversity:What is Wikiversity?|Wikiversity]]!''' If you need [[Help:Contents|help]], feel free to visit my talk page, or [[Wikiversity:Contact|contact us]] and [[Wikiversity:Questions|ask questions]]. After you leave a comment on a [[Wikiversity:Talk page|talk page]], remember to [[Wikiversity:Signature|sign and date]]; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon [[Image:Signature_icon.png]] in the edit window makes it simple. To [[Wikiversity:Introduction|get started]], you may
&lt;div style=&quot;width:50.0%; float:left&quot;&gt;
* [[Wikiversity:Guided tour|Take a guided tour]] and learn [[Help:Editing|to edit]];
* Explore our [[Portal:Learning Projects|learning projects]];
* [[Wikiversity:Browse|Browse]] our [[Wikiversity:Portals|portals]], [[Wikiversity:Schools|schools]], and [[Wikiversity:Research|research]] activities; 
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:50.0%; float:left&quot;&gt;
* Read and help develop our community [[Wikiversity:Policies|policies]]；or
* [[Wikiversity:Chat|Chat]] with other Wikiversitans on [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikiversity-en &lt;kbd&gt;#wikiversity-en&lt;/kbd&gt;].
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;br clear=&quot;both&quot;/&gt;

And don't forget to [[Wikiversity:Introduction explore|explore]] Wikiversity with the links to your left. [[Wikiversity:Be bold|Be bold]], and see you around Wikiversity! ----[[User:Erkan_Yilmaz|Erkan Yilmaz]] &lt;small&gt;uses the [[Wikiversity:Chat|Wikiversity:Chat]] ([http://java.freenode.net//index.php?channel=wikiversity-en try])&lt;/small&gt; 18:51, 27 March 2008 (UTC)

== Environmental experts needed :) ==

Hi OhanaUnited,

There have been a number of environmental projects started here and there... a few I can think of offhand:

*[[Project proposal:global warming]] -- I'm not sure where that stands now... it was one of the first proposals back in 2006 I think
*[[Bloom Clock]] -- Essentially a phenology project... among other things the data collections will hopefully be handy for later projects tracking changes in bloom time as local and global temperature trends change
*[[Radio Discussion/Living on Earth]] -- Something a couple of us were experimenting with this past winter, using a radio show as our &quot;lecture&quot; and collecting materials for further learning.

I'm not by any means an expert in environmental science, but as a horticulurist and farmer I'm well-versed in managing my local ecology... let me know if you start something! --[[User:SB_Johnny|{{font|color=green|'''SB_Johnny'''}}]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:SB_Johnny|{{font|color=green|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 15:06, 28 March 2008 (UTC)
:See also [[:Category:Ecology]], ----[[User:Erkan_Yilmaz|Erkan Yilmaz]] &lt;small&gt;uses the [[Wikiversity:Chat|Wikiversity:Chat]] ([http://java.freenode.net//index.php?channel=wikiversity-en try])&lt;/small&gt; 11:18, 29 March 2008 (UTC)

== Commons ==

Is there a page on commons somewhere with the questions? I'm sure I could round up a few interested commonists on IRC if you give me a link :). --[[User:SB_Johnny|{{font|color=green|'''SB_Johnny'''}}]] | &lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:SB_Johnny|{{font|color=green|talk}}]]&lt;/sup&gt; 14:15, 30 March 2008 (UTC)

== Clarifications ==

Hi OhanaUnited, I've asked some questions at [[User talk:OhanaUnited/Sister Projects Interview#Voice(s)]] - I'd appreciate if you could clarify before I contribute to your initiative. Thanks, [[User:Cormaggio|Cormaggio]] &lt;sup&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Cormaggio|talk]]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 13:54, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

== removing  ==

I removed the signatures after names in order to move forward summarizing the answers... and then I saw that you said to not do that... I reverted... How would be best to summarize the answers? --[[User:Remi|Remi]] 04:05, 21 April 2008 (UTC)
:I voiced a related question in the &quot;Voice(s)&quot; section on the talk page.. [[User:Cormaggio|Cormaggio]] &lt;sup&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Cormaggio|talk]]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 12:40, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

== Publication date ==

Hi OhanaUnited, would you be able to let us know when [[User:OhanaUnited/Sister_Projects_Interview|your interview]] will be published? Perhaps either on the talk page or on the [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#User:OhanaUnited/Sister Projects Interview - the earliest publication date is April 21|Colloquium]]. Thanks. [[User:Cormaggio|Cormaggio]] &lt;sup&gt;&lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Cormaggio|talk]]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; 12:39, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

== Font Tag ==

The font tag is now obsolete. Please adjust your signature to something like:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;
[[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]]
&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
Let me know if you have any questions. -- [[User:Dave Braunschweig|Dave Braunschweig]] ([[User talk:Dave Braunschweig|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dave Braunschweig|contribs]]) 17:37, 29 May 2018 (UTC)

== Reorganised discussion ==

This is to let you know that the discussion at [[Talk:WikiJournal User Group#Code of Conduct]] has been reorganised to ease constructive inputs that help in updating the [[WikiJournal User Group/Code of conduct draft|document]]. If you would like to summarily oppose implementation of any Code of Conduct, feel free to place your opposition at [[Talk:WikiJournal User Group#Discussion: Whether any Code of Conduct needs to be defined and implemented]]. For any other constructive inputs please feel free to do so at [[Talk:WikiJournal User Group#Discussion: Salient updates that need to be made to the existing draft]]. Thanks for your cooperation. &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Segoe script&quot;&gt;[[w:User:Diptanshu Das|&lt;b style=&quot;color:#f00&quot;&gt;D&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#f60&quot;&gt;ip&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#090&quot;&gt;ta&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#00f&quot;&gt;ns&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color:#60c&quot;&gt;hu&lt;/b&gt;]] [[User talk:Diptanshu Das|&amp;#128172;]]&lt;/span&gt; 12:20, 16 December 2018 (UTC)

== Maps via Wikidata ==

I remember you were testing maybe plotting a map of editor locations. I've been testing [https://w.wiki/CGk generating a map in Wikidata]. If we include all journal editors on the WikiJournal's page then it's possible to find the geocoordinates of their employer. Eventually it should be automate-able via [[wikidata:Wikidata:Bot_requests#Automated_addition_of_WikiJournal_metadata_to_Wikidata|this bot request]], but would have to be done manually for now. [[User:Evolution and evolvability|T.Shafee(Evo&amp;#65120;Evo)]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Evolution and evolvability|talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 06:22, 18 November 2019 (UTC)
:Note, [https://w.wiki/CWP updated version] with better interface for multiple points. [[User:Evolution and evolvability|T.Shafee(Evo&amp;#65120;Evo)]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Evolution and evolvability|talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 02:48, 23 November 2019 (UTC)

== Query at review page ==

I just noticed there's a query for you at [[Talk:WikiJournal Preprints/Working with Bipolar Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Both Crisis and Opportunity|this page]] (the editor forgot to ping, or is unaware of the practice). [[User:Evolution and evolvability|T.Shafee(Evo&amp;#65120;Evo)]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:Evolution and evolvability|talk]]&lt;/sup&gt; 09:43, 17 May 2020 (UTC)

== Re: A Phonological Analysis of Selected Nigerian Newscasters Rendition ==

I appreciate your consideration of my article for publication. However, you have not provided an email address where I could send the word version or preferably, I would like to be guided on how to get the article uploaded on wiki commons.
Thank you. [[User:Margob28|Margob28]] ([[User talk:Margob28|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Margob28|contribs]]) 07:35, 25 August 2022 (UTC)

== The Validity of [[WikiJournal Preprints/The Effect of Corticosteroids on the Mortality Rate in COVID-19 Patients, v2]] ==

Hello Andrew,

I'm coming to you to ask whether the mentioned paper's topic/objective is suitable for publication in the WikiJournal of Medicine. I was going to extensively work on it this summer, but I wanted to get written confirmation that this paper would be suited for my time in developing it.

I also wanted to see if a Wikijournal of Humanities paper on Meditation would be suitable. I'm not sure if you're familiar with that wikijournal's guidelines, but I figured it was worth asking.

Thank you,
—[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 21:20, 27 August 2022 (UTC)

== Request ==

Please, I do not know whether you could help upload the article if I send its soft copy as MS word document or pdf to you. Thanks. [[User:Margob28|Margob28]] ([[User talk:Margob28|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Margob28|contribs]]) 03:44, 5 September 2022 (UTC)

== Volunteering to help with WikiJournal of Humanities ==

I kinf of forgot about WikiJournals for a few years, and I am amazed at the progress made. Well, as a real-life professor of sociology, I'd be happy to help with WikiJournal of Humanities which seems to be closed to my field. Do let me know how I can  help, assuming of course you need any assistance. (If you reply here, please ping me back, TIA).  [[User:Piotrus|Piotrus]] ([[User talk:Piotrus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Piotrus|contribs]]) 03:31, 8 November 2022 (UTC)

== In other news ==

I am a strict believer in learning from the bottoms up (as a teacher who tells students to edit Wikipedia, for example, I never ask them to do things I haven't done myself before). And it so happens, I have a publication that I think is within the scope of WikiJournal Medicine, and now that I know it is indexed in SCOPUS, it meets my university's requirements too. As I am not yet on the board or such, I think I have no COI, so I decided to went ahead and submit my work at [[WikiJournal Preprints/Where experts and amateurs meet: the ideological hobby of medical volunteering on Wikipedia]] . Before I finish copyediting it (I think I need to upload images to Wikimedia Commons and reformat references to footnotes) and finish the rest of the submission procedure, can I ask you to confirm that this topic is within the scope of WJMED and our previous conversation does not create any COI for me to submit it (I am fine putting my editorial application fpr WJHUM from yesterday on hold for the duration of the review process, if necessary)? Oh, to confirm, WikiJournals allows and prefers non-anonymous submissions, right? So I don't need to anonymize citations to my own work, etc.? [[User:Piotrus|Piotrus]] ([[User talk:Piotrus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Piotrus|contribs]]) 05:08, 10 November 2022 (UTC)

:{{re|Piotrus}} Each WikiJournal (Medicine, Science, Humanities) has separate editorial boards, similar to how &quot;Nature Medicine&quot; and &quot;Nature Chemistry&quot; are two different journals, have different editor-in-chief and different ISSN/DOI even though they are both owned and published by Springer Nature. Each WikiJournal operates and makes article decisions independently from each other while sharing same pool of resources (hired contractors, H/R, overhead cost). Therefore, whether or not you are on the Humanities board will not cause a COI when submitting to Medicine. I am the managing editor for Science, so our conversations won't cause any COI. I will defer your question on whether your preprint falls into the scope of Medicine to [[User:Rwatson1955]], who is the managing editor for the Medicine journal. And yes, we [[WikiJournal of Medicine/Publishing#Duties_of_authors|ask that &quot;authors should be given by real names in their articles&quot;]] so there is no need to anonymize. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 15:58, 10 November 2022 (UTC)
::I submitted [[WikiJournal Preprints/Where experts and amateurs meet: the ideological hobby of medical volunteering on Wikipedia|my article]] two days ago and filled in a Google Form, which suggested I'd receive confirmation email, but nothing happened and the article still has a notice that it is not submitted for review. Any chance you could check from your end if things are fine or ping someone who can, as maybe I haven't clicked something correctly or such? [[User:Piotrus|Piotrus]] ([[User talk:Piotrus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Piotrus|contribs]]) 14:09, 16 November 2022 (UTC)
:::{{re|Piotrus}} That's my fault. Been busy with work. I'll process the new submissions today and update the status.  [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 15:14, 16 November 2022 (UTC)

== Concerning an article ==

Hello, 
I'm not sure if you are aware that I have written a new article on Wikiversity, entitled: [[WikiJournal Preprints/Orhan Gazi, the first statesman|Orhan Gazi, the first Statesman]], 

I started it in September 2022 and finished it in March of the same year, and I was hoping that finding some peer reviewers wouldn't take much time. However, the article remained as it was for more than a year, and I had to ask two professors I know personally to check my work, which they did and their notes were sent in pdf format and added [[Talk:WikiJournal Preprints/Orhan Gazi, the first statesman|here]]. 

Now the article still needs an editor, before it can be finalized and published, and a fellow Wikipedian, [[User:علاء|Alaa]], suggested your name. I hope that perhaps you could check it.
 
Please let me know what you think, 
best wishes-- [[User:باسم|باسم]] ([[User talk:باسم|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/باسم|contribs]]) 20:17, 7 May 2023 (UTC)
== Files Missing Information ==
Thanks for uploading files to Wikiversity. All files must have source and license information to stay at Wikiversity. The following files are missing {{tlx|Information}} and/or [[Wikiversity:License tags]], and will be deleted if the missing information is not added. See [[Wikiversity:Uploading files]] for more information.
{{colbegin|3}}
* [[:File:WikiJournal Bioclogging - ES.pdf]]
{{colend}}
[[User:MaintenanceBot|MaintenanceBot]] ([[User talk:MaintenanceBot|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MaintenanceBot|contribs]]) 15:41, 19 December 2023 (UTC)

==Japanese rendering==
Thanks to your help, I could make [[WikiJournal_of_Science/Bioclogging/ja|Japanese translation of bioclogging article]]. I feel that display style of Japanese sentense is wierd, because breakline is restricted to some characters such as &quot;、&quot;. Japanese does not break words with spaces, as normal in western languages, and therefore we break lines anywhere. For example, see [[w:ja:バイオクロッギング|Japanese edition of bioclogging article in Wikipedia]].

It can be fixed by using css. For example, in this paragraph

バイオクロッギングは、水が浸透する様々な現場で観察される。たとえば、[[w:ja:ため池|ため池]]、浸透トレンチ、[[w:ja:灌漑|灌漑]]水路、[[w:ja:下水処理場|下水処理場]]、人工湿地、廃棄物処分場における遮水ライナー、川床や土壌のような自然環境などである。また、透過反応壁 ([[:w:Permeable reactive barrier|PRB]]) や微生物利用石油増進回収法 ([[:w:Microbial enhanced oil recovery|MEOR]]) などにおいて、[[w:ja:帯水層|帯水層]]における[[w:ja:地下水|地下水]]の流れにも影響を及ぼす。適度な水の浸透速度を保つことが必要とされるような現場では、バイオクロッギングが問題となり、定期的に水を抜くなどの対策が取られることがある。一方で、たとえば、難透水層を作って浸透速度を低下させたり、地盤工学的性質を改善させたりするなど、バイオクロッギングが有効に活用されることもある。

We can set word-break: break-all, and then

&lt;span style=&quot;word-break: break-all&quot;&gt;バイオクロッギングは、水が浸透する様々な現場で観察される。たとえば、[[w:ja:ため池|ため池]]、浸透トレンチ、[[w:ja:灌漑|灌漑]]水路、[[w:ja:下水処理場|下水処理場]]、人工湿地、廃棄物処分場における遮水ライナー、川床や土壌のような自然環境などである。また、透過反応壁 ([[:w:Permeable reactive barrier|PRB]]) や微生物利用石油増進回収法 ([[:w:Microbial enhanced oil recovery|MEOR]]) などにおいて、[[w:ja:帯水層|帯水層]]における[[w:ja:地下水|地下水]]の流れにも影響を及ぼす。適度な水の浸透速度を保つことが必要とされるような現場では、バイオクロッギングが問題となり、定期的に水を抜くなどの対策が取られることがある。一方で、たとえば、難透水層を作って浸透速度を低下させたり、地盤工学的性質を改善させたりするなど、バイオクロッギングが有効に活用されることもある。&lt;/span&gt;

Setting this to all paragraphs may be a solution. I would like to know if there is a smarter way to do the same thing. [[User:Katsutoshi Seki|Katsutoshi Seki]] ([[User talk:Katsutoshi Seki|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Katsutoshi Seki|contribs]]) 08:55, 16 February 2024 (UTC)

:@[[User:Katsutoshi Seki|Katsutoshi Seki]] Thanks for raising this issue. I can read and write in Chinese (and therefore I can read Japanese Kanji) so I understand what you're describing about the software not finding spaces to break up words to the next line. I have [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=WikiJournal_of_Science%2FBioclogging%2Fja&amp;diff=2606145&amp;oldid=2605982 forced] the software to consider appropriate line break locations. I'm confident with the line breaks in Kanji but less so in Katakana and Hiragana. And I don't know how it may look like under different computer screens (or mobile phone). Please review and see if the line breaks are done accurately. Also, can you please provide a Japanese translation for the phrases &quot;For the English translation, please see this link.&quot; and &quot;For the Japanese translation, please see this link.&quot;? [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 22:49, 16 February 2024 (UTC)

:: Unfortunately, giving &lt;nowiki&gt;{{wbr}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to some places does not help much, because appropriate place for breaking line changes to various width of windows. Therefore, using &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;word-break: break-all&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; to all paragraphs, as I showed above, is necessary. I would like to know if there is an appropriate way to change the stylesheet in the page at once. For the translation, &quot;For the English translation, please see '''this link'''.&quot;　to &quot;英語版は'''このリンク'''参照&quot;, and &quot;For the Japanese translation, please see '''this link'''.&quot; to &quot;日本語版は'''このリンク'''参照&quot; [[User:Katsutoshi Seki|Katsutoshi Seki]] ([[User talk:Katsutoshi Seki|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Katsutoshi Seki|contribs]]) 01:39, 17 February 2024 (UTC)
:::Thanks for verifying. I have removed {{tl|wbr}} and added &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;word-break: break-all&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. It doesn't seem very effective to bulleted items. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 04:35, 17 February 2024 (UTC)
:::: I also added css to bulleted items. Now it works find. [[User:Katsutoshi Seki|Katsutoshi Seki]] ([[User talk:Katsutoshi Seki|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Katsutoshi Seki|contribs]]) 04:50, 17 February 2024 (UTC)
:::: I created [[Template:BreakAll]] and applied. ChatGPT was helpful for creating the LUA module. [[User:Katsutoshi Seki|Katsutoshi Seki]] ([[User talk:Katsutoshi Seki|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Katsutoshi Seki|contribs]]) 12:55, 17 February 2024 (UTC)

== Article progress ==

Hi Ohana, it was great to meet you at the conference in November. I finally got around to finishing the revisions for [[WikiJournal Preprints/The Holocaust in Slovakia]]. As we discussed, I didn't expand the scope of the article to include Romani people, and I was unable to implement some of reviewer #2's comments because the information that would clarify is not in the cited source, or any other source that I'm aware of. Sorry for the very long delay on this article and I apologize if this is not the right forum to report progress. [[User:Buidhe|Buidhe]] ([[User talk:Buidhe|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Buidhe|contribs]]) 03:45, 21 February 2024 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Buidhe|Buidhe]], our apologies for the very long delay in replying to you. [[User:Fransplace|Fransplace]], the editor-in-chief for WikiJournal of Humanities, will be looking at your submission shortly. Since we already received two reviewers' comments and you have completed your revisions, are you ok with continuing with the submission process? I think we are on the home stretch with very few items remaining. Can you add your comments to the reviews to mark which items you have completed and which ones you cannot implement? This will speed up the review process. It probably will not take long for Fransplaces to render her publication decision once she has gone through the comments and your rebuttals. Many thanks for your patience! [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 23:06, 26 March 2025 (UTC)

== Mail ==

{{ygm}} [[User:Serial Number 54129|Serial Number 54129]] ([[User talk:Serial Number 54129|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Serial Number 54129|contribs]]) 12:04, 26 March 2024 (UTC)
==new submissions/need to be imported==
Hi, I noticed there are two new submissions (from new editors) at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiJournal_article_nominations, thank you  --[[User:Ozzie10aaaa|Ozzie10aaaa]] ([[User talk:Ozzie10aaaa|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ozzie10aaaa|contribs]]) 11:59, 1 April 2024 (UTC)

:I don't have the required permission to import articles from Wikipedia to Wikiversity. I will need the &quot;transwiki importer&quot; permission, presumably to preserve article history and proper copyright attribution. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 04:40, 15 April 2024 (UTC)

==A message from Guy vandegrift==
Hi. I am so-called &quot;founder&quot; of the WikiJournal of Science (although dozens of people contributed much more than I ever did.) I was wondering if the WikiJournal project needs help.  If so, let me know.----[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 01:25, 13 April 2024 (UTC)

:Yes, I'll email you with the details. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 03:58, 15 April 2024 (UTC)
::@[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] Did you receive the email that I sent last week? [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 18:17, 22 April 2024 (UTC)
:::I will look for it.--[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 22:17, 22 April 2024 (UTC).
::::My guess is that you used the google wikijournal system and it went to a google email I rarely check.  I just sent you an email through Wikiversity.  Meanwhile I will lookup my google email password and probably find your message.[[User:Guy vandegrift|Guy vandegrift]] ([[User talk:Guy vandegrift|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Guy vandegrift|contribs]]) 22:35, 22 April 2024 (UTC)

== [[WikiJournal_Preprints/Induced_stem_cells]] ==

Hello, I assume that you are involved in the management of Wikijournals and their preprints. Thank you for your contributions. I'm sending this message to alert you that a preprint is currently subject to copyright-related investigations, this may affect the preprint review procedure and I thought someone who knows more about Wikijournals should be contacted. The background information can be seen at [[Wikiversity:Request_custodian_action#Induced_stem_cells_copyright_issues]]. In your opinion, what should be done by the custodians for this preprint? I look forward to hearing from you. [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:02, 6 June 2024 (UTC)

:Thanks for bringing this to our attention. What you described is very concerning. We did [[Talk:WikiJournal Preprints/Induced stem cells#Plagiarism check|conduct a plagiarism check]] 3 years ago when the preprint was submitted and it was determined that the similarities were deemed to be common phases in that field. Right now the tool is timing out due to high request volume so I can't do another check now. I'm going to ping @[[User:Evolution and evolvability|Evolution and evolvability]] since he's the handling editor for this submission and he knows more about cells &amp; proteins than me. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 04:15, 6 June 2024 (UTC)

== Question about the WikiJournal license status ==

Hello. At [[Special:Diff/2639304]], [[User:MGA73]] asked about the Wikijournal license status, so I'm forwarding the question here. Do you know anything about this? Should we contact [[User:Evolution and evolvability]]? [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 08:02, 30 July 2024 (UTC)

== Preprint related to Wikidata ==

Hello! I have written an article titled &quot;[[WikiJournal Preprints/Is there a relationship between volcanoes and earthquakes based on Wikidata?|Is there a relationship between volcanoes and earthquakes based on Wikidata?]]&quot;. Could you please include this preprint in the list of [[WikiJournal of Science/Potential upcoming articles|Potential upcoming articles]]? -- [[User:AKA MBG|Andrew Krizhanovsky]] ([[User talk:AKA MBG|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/AKA MBG|contribs]]) 14:17, 17 February 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:AKA MBG|AKA MBG]] Hello, not sure why I didn't get a notification when you leave this message. I have taken a look at your preprint. Unfortunately I don't think we have the expertise in our editorial board to take on the role for potential publication of your submission. As a general and personal comment, I think you need to tighten up the paper by drawing comparison with existing literature around SPARQL and Wikidata, such as [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-46547-0_10] and [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_40] [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 02:00, 24 March 2025 (UTC)

== Status of WikiJournals ==

Good morning, I have had an article submitted to WikiJournal PrePrints since October 2024. It seems that the chair of the WikiJournal Usergroup (E&amp;E) is entirely inactive, and I'm not sure what your status is as editor-in-chief of the science journal. If these projects are not currently working, then there should be some kind of alert given so people don't submit articles that will never be reviewed. If they are currently working, please let me know what the next steps in the process are for my submitted article. If there is any way I can help with other articles as well, I am happy to do so. [[User:Fritzmann2002|Fritzmann2002]] ([[User talk:Fritzmann2002|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Fritzmann2002|contribs]]) 14:00, 6 March 2025 (UTC)

:@[[User:Fritzmann2002|Fritzmann2002]] Hello, it has been busy for many of us at the board over the past few months focusing on the grant request and sustainability of the user group, and all of us serving in volunteer capacity with a daytime job. I should have a handling editor for your submission ([[WikiJournal Preprints/Hypericum sechmenii]]) within 2 weeks. Thanks. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 01:45, 24 March 2025 (UTC)
::@[[User:OhanaUnited|OhanaUnited]], thanks for your response, and apologies for the brusque nature of my original message. I appreciate the work that you do, and want to reiterate my desire to assist in any way that I can! [[User:Fritzmann2002|Fritzmann2002]] ([[User talk:Fritzmann2002|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Fritzmann2002|contribs]]) 01:45, 25 March 2025 (UTC)

== [[WikiJournal of Psychology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences]] ==

Hi OhanaUnited, I'm planning on working on a paper for the WikiJournal of PPB regarding mental health in Sri Lanka (which does not seem to have a corresponding Wikipedia article, so I think this would be a very good start; especially as an aspiring clinical PhD student). 

I wanted to double check and make sure that this WikiJournal has personnel that can peer-review the article for submission, as there seems to be [[WikiJournal of PPB/Editors|no associate editors]] and the social medias (FB &amp; X accounts) for this specific WikiJournal do not exist [anymore?]. Is this WikiJournal still active and can editors be assigned to my paper once its ready for peer-review? Thank you &amp; thank you to the team for all the work you guys do! —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 14:57, 8 May 2025 (UTC)

:Hi, unfortunately I don't have any updates for WikiJournal of PPB on its launch date since the person in charge is on extended absence. I would recommend that you select either WikiJournal of Medicine (since it's mental health) or select another journal with compatible copyright license to publish. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 15:16, 8 May 2025 (UTC)
::I'll work on this paper through the WikiJournal of Medicine then, thanks! —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 19:51, 8 May 2025 (UTC)
:::No problem. Thanks for your ongoing support of the journal. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 13:30, 9 May 2025 (UTC)

== WikiJournal article nominations ==

Hi OhanaUnited. 

More than 5 months ago I have nominated the page [[w:Diffeology|Diffeology]] for submission at the Wikijournal of Science, adding a line at the bottome of the page [[w:Wikipedia:WikiJournal article nominations|Wikipedia:WikiJournal article nominations]]. Unfortunately, nobody has created the corresponding preprint at [[WikiJournal Preprints|Wikijournal Preprints]], hence I cannot proceed yet with the formal submission. 

Since I had already a very positive experience publishing another paper ([[WikiJournal of Science/Poisson manifold|Poisson manifold]]) in the Wikijournal of Science, in the past months I tried, without success, to contact by email the editors who took care of it. I am therefore trying to reach you here.

As I wrote also to them, I noticed that at [[w:Wikipedia:WikiJournal article nominations|Wikipedia:WikiJournal article nominations]] there are links to several other wikipedia pages which have not been converted to a preprint, despite being many months old. I am therefore wondering if that page is still maintained and with which frequency. This issue was also discussed on [[Talk:WikiJournal User Group#Wikipedia:WikiJournal article nominations is dead]].

I understand that you and the rest of the editorial board has a lot to do and therefore it might be just a matter of waiting. As another user pointed out ([[User talk:OhanaUnited#Status of WikiJournals]]), if there is anything I could do in order to speed up the review process, e.g. creating the preprint page myself, please let me know. In that case (i.e. if the author is allowed to import the page directly from wikipedia), I would suggest to clarify it in [[WikiJournal User Group/Editorial guidelines#Importing from Wikipedia]], since these instructions do not specify exactly who is in charge of importing the page.

Thanks a lot in advance! [[User:Francesco Cattafi|Francesco Cattafi]] ([[User talk:Francesco Cattafi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Francesco Cattafi|contribs]]) 10:08, 16 September 2025 (UTC)

:Hi, an update. @[[User:Marshallsumter|Marshallsumter]] has suggested me in the nomination page to proceed with the import myself. As per our discussion in [[wikipedia:User_talk:Marshallsumter#Importing_Wikipedia_articles_to_Wikipreprints|User_talk:Marshallsumter#Importing_Wikipedia_articles_to_Wikipreprints]], I did attempt to import the page manually at [[WikiJournal Preprints/Diffeology]] and filled in the Authorship declaration form (providing the authors information, suggesting reviewers, etc. and mentioning also that I did the import manually).
:One issue is that [[Template:Convert links]] has been deactivated just a few days ago, preventing all the links to other Wikipedia pages to be automatically converted. Since this was the only method written in [[WikiJournal User Group/Editorial guidelines#Importing from Wikipedia]], do you know if there are some alternatives, in order to avoid to do it manually? Besides that, I'm also not sure how to make the line &quot;Additional contributors: Wikipedia community&quot; appear under the two names of the authors.
:I would appreciate if you or somebody from the editorial board could have a look at these minor issues, so that the review process could start soon. Thanks again! [[User:Francesco Cattafi|Francesco Cattafi]] ([[User talk:Francesco Cattafi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Francesco Cattafi|contribs]]) 22:41, 21 September 2025 (UTC)
::@[[User:Francesco Cattafi|Francesco Cattafi]] Sorry for the late reply. Did the {{tl|Convert links}} end up working again? I see that the links are present. These functions were created long before I joined so I wouldn't be able to troubleshoot them. Sometimes I find that the bugs end up being caused by the most innocent changes in the back end, just like what I encountered [[Wikiversity:Colloquium#Figure numbers are always 1|two weeks ago]]. In the future, if you have some templates or links that aren't working, post a message on [[Wikiversity:Colloquium]] and someone with more knowledge than me may have a solution ready. In related news, there are now two peer review comments which are posted on [[Talk:WikiJournal Preprints/Diffeology]]. I think {{u|Marshallsumter}} is still looking for at least one more peer reviewer. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 21:01, 9 January 2026 (UTC)
:::Hi @[[User:OhanaUnited|OhanaUnited]], thanks for the reply, I didn't know about this Colloquium page. Anyways, the Convert link issue was fixed; I have simply asked the user who deleted that tool to undelete it ([[User_talk:Koavf#Deleting_all_unused_templates]]), so I could use it properly.
:::In the coming weeks my coauthor and I will address the two reviewers' comment! [[User:Francesco Cattafi|Francesco Cattafi]] ([[User talk:Francesco Cattafi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Francesco Cattafi|contribs]]) 15:53, 10 January 2026 (UTC)
::::Thanks for your diligence and troubleshoot why it didn't work! [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 22:12, 2 February 2026 (UTC)
:::::Hi, just to let you know that we have addressed all three reviewers' comments. Please let us know if any further revisions are needed or if the article will proceed to the next stage of the editorial process. [[User:Francesco Cattafi|Francesco Cattafi]] ([[User talk:Francesco Cattafi|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Francesco Cattafi|contribs]]) 23:09, 3 March 2026 (UTC)
::::::In case you missed it, your article has been published last week and DOI has been issued. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 03:47, 28 April 2026 (UTC)

== Found a potential reviewer ==

Hello @[[User:OhanaUnited|OhanaUnited]] 

I hope you are doing well. I write you because some weeks ago, I found a potential reviewer for [[WikiJournal Preprints/Kinematics of the cuboctahedron]] (as we talk about [[Talk:WikiJournal of Science#c-OhanaUnited-20260109204800-Regliste-20260106112200|here]]) and I sent you a mail about it. I'd like to be sure that you indeed received it.&lt;br&gt;
On another topic, do you know if there is any progresses on [[WikiJournal Preprints/Pentagram map|my preprint]] ?

Best regards, [[User:Regliste|Regliste]] ([[User talk:Regliste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Regliste|contribs]]) 16:51, 1 February 2026 (UTC)

:Thanks for the reminder. I have emailed you about it. [[User:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0000FF;&quot;&gt;OhanaUnited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]][[User talk:OhanaUnited|&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: green;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Talk page&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;]] 21:17, 2 February 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>o8b8x0oblu0bnjbbtfjxml0jgvz0pu8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikiversity:Request custodian action</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>75745</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2806846</id>
      <parentid>2806744</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-28T07:26:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ian Stevenson777</username>
        <id>3068858</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Request for Page Creation Approval - Research on Dr. Ian Stevenson */ new section</comment>
      <origin>2806846</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37776" sha1="lsclqh0ek8aenru1uui4h7iymf8h6m6" xml:space="preserve">{{/Header}}
== Dan Polansky ==

I would like to ask you to assess the behavior of Dan Polansky, who in my opinion continues to violate [[Wikiversity:Etiquette|Etiquette]], calls users who disagree with him trolls, [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Harold_Foppele&amp;oldid=2760143#Your_qualification questions their expertise], tests them, etc. This is most evident in [[Wikiversity:Community Review/Dan Polansky]], where he has already indicated that two discussion opponents are trolls. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:05, 18 November 2025 (UTC)
: The coddling of overt disruptor Harold Foppele (substantiation is in RCA above) and proven provocateur and disruptor Juandev (substantiation in CR above) must stop. The English Wikiversity must start to properly curate its content and discipline disruptive editors. --[[User:Dan Polansky|Dan Polansky]] ([[User talk:Dan Polansky|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dan Polansky|contribs]]) 08:10, 18 November 2025 (UTC)
:[[Wikiversity:Community Review/Dan Polansky]] is underway; outcome pending. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 12:03, 27 November 2025 (UTC)
::It has been closed with consensus to ban him indefinitely from this project, I believe there is nothing else to do here. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:06, 11 March 2026 (UTC)

== Sidewide count.js ==

i would like something like: [[Template:User contrib count/count.js]]. i created [[Template:User contrib count]] and a user/common.js. {{User contrib count}}.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; so a &quot;count.js&quot; would complete it. See [[User:Harold Foppele/common.js]].
If an Administrator could help please. Cheers [[User:Harold Foppele|Harold Foppele]] ([[User talk:Harold Foppele|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Harold Foppele|contribs]]) 19:22, 18 January 2026 (UTC)

== need to add my profile ==

im trying to add new profile content  [[User:PAGURUMURTHY|PAGURUMURTHY]] ([[User talk:PAGURUMURTHY|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PAGURUMURTHY|contribs]]) 18:03, 4 February 2026 (UTC)

:You can edit it now. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 18:05, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
::where can create a new one [[User:PAGURUMURTHY|PAGURUMURTHY]] ([[User talk:PAGURUMURTHY|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PAGURUMURTHY|contribs]]) 18:51, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
:::i have created and its in sandbox. i would like to know when it will be approved  [[User:PAGURUMURTHY|PAGURUMURTHY]] ([[User talk:PAGURUMURTHY|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PAGURUMURTHY|contribs]]) 19:38, 4 February 2026 (UTC)
::::Please don’t create [[wv:spam|spam]] pages as it will be deleted. Please also read [[WV:Scope]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 04:01, 5 February 2026 (UTC)

== Im trying to add new profile while add content its shows not alowed ==

This action has been automatically identified as potentially harmful, and therefore disallowed. If you believe your action was constructive, please [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action|inform an administrator]] of what you were trying to do. A brief description of the abuse rule which your action matched is: New User Exceeded New Page Limit

This action has been automatically identified as potentially harmful, and therefore disallowed. If you believe your action was constructive, please [[Wikiversity:Request custodian action|inform an administrator]] of what you were trying to do. A brief description of the abuse rule which your action matched is: New User Created Page with External Link [[User:PAGURUMURTHY|PAGURUMURTHY]] ([[User talk:PAGURUMURTHY|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PAGURUMURTHY|contribs]]) 18:51, 4 February 2026 (UTC)

== New User: cannot create talk page ==

Hi, I am a new user of Wikiversity and I wanted to create a talk page for the article [[ChatGPT's Essay on Kohlberg's Theory: AI's Use in Academic Writing]]. As a new user, I was barred from performing this action. The text that I wanted to add to the talk page is:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
I have doubts as to to the reliability of this essay. Take for rexample the sentence:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
Due to its efficiency, AI has saved 380,000-403,000 lives per year in European healthcare as reported in a recent Deloitte and MedTech Europe report&lt;ref&gt;Dantas, C., Mackiewicz, K., Tageo, V., Jacucci, G., Guardado, D., Ortet, S., Varlamis, I., Maniadakis, M., De Lera, E., Quintas, J., Kocsis, O., &amp; Vassiliou, C. (2021). Benefits and hurdles of AI in the workplace – what comes next? ''International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, 10'', 9-17. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351993615_Benefits_and_Hurdles_of_AI_In_The_Workplace_-What_Comes_Next&lt;/ref&gt;.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Reading the reference (freely available on ResearchGate), one notes:

# that the reference is from 2021 (predating the widespread use of LLMs such as ChatGPT and the associated 'AI' boom), and
# that the reference factually contradicts this essay.

Quoting from the reference:

&lt;blockquote&gt;
There are enormous benefits of applying AI-based solutions to monitor workers’ health and prevent accidents or, currently, COVID-19 infections, and those benefits are reported with enormous potential. According to the recent Deloitte and MedTech Europe report [11], implementing AI in European healthcare systems could save up 380,000 to 403,000 lives annually or €170.9 to 212.4 billion per year.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Not that the reference says ''could save'', not ''saves'' as in the essay.

This calls into question the reliability of the essay.

&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Could an administrator make this addition for me? Thank you! 
{{reflist}}
[[User:Æolus|Æolus]] ([[User talk:Æolus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Æolus|contribs]]) 06:53, 5 February 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:Æolus|Æolus]] I have added it for you, you can change the header and sign it now. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 08:05, 5 February 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you! [[User:Æolus|Æolus]] ([[User talk:Æolus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Æolus|contribs]]) 12:43, 5 February 2026 (UTC)

== Disallowed to add a page on a course ==

I'm trying to populate a newly created course on Wikiversity, but it blocks me from creating more pages with &quot;New User Exceeded New Page Limit&quot;. Could this be lifted please? [[User:Berkeleywho|Berkeleywho]] ([[User talk:Berkeleywho|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Berkeleywho|contribs]]) 13:21, 15 February 2026 (UTC)

:Sorry! Never mind. I was trying to create a new article instead of a new page. All good now. [[User:Berkeleywho|Berkeleywho]] ([[User talk:Berkeleywho|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Berkeleywho|contribs]]) 14:03, 15 February 2026 (UTC)

== Harold Foppele adding LLM-generated nonsense and personal fiction ==

I became aware of [[User:Harold Foppele]]'s editing after I deleted some of his uploads on Commons. He appears to be adding a large amount of text and images that are some combination of personal fiction and LLM-generated nonsense. This includes:
*[[Quantum Ultra fast lasers#Future thought experiment|Personal speculative fiction]] in an otherwise &quot;nonfiction&quot; article
*Uploading nonsense LLM-created [[:File:Rontosecond pulse laser (Schematic).jpg|diagrams]] and [[:File:Rontosecond pulse laser (Futuristic).jpg|renders]] for nonexistent lab equipment, with fake source (on Commons, he indicated these files as having been created by him using an LLM)
*Uploading nonsense LLM-created images of equations with obvious artifacts. These images, such as [[:File:Redfield equation (non-Markovian).png]] and [[:File:Lindblad equation (Markovian).png]], don't even match the text he puts them with.
Much of his writing is also of extremely poor quality, to the point where it's not clear whether it's written by him or an LLM. I'm not an active editor on this project, so I'm not as familiar with the standards here, but I believe this is worth custodian attention. [[User:Pi.1415926535|Pi.1415926535]] ([[User talk:Pi.1415926535|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pi.1415926535|contribs]]) 03:06, 23 February 2026 (UTC)

:Fake source ''and'' contradictory copyright info, claiming both public domain and CC license. Moreover, if they are indeed nearly-direct LLM output, depending on jurisdiction they may not even be eligible for copyright.
:I've put speedy deletion marks for the equations, because they're obviously not coherent mathematical equations (the parentheses don't match, the symbols merge into each other the way text in image models often do, etc) [[User:Sesquilinear|Sesquilinear]] ([[User talk:Sesquilinear|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Sesquilinear|contribs]]) 21:50, 7 March 2026 (UTC)

== Repeated removal of RFD notices by Harold Foppele ==

{{User|Harold Foppele }}

This editor is appearing in multiple noticeboards for behaviour which is contentious. Ther latest adventure is the repeated removal of tye RFD notice at [[Quantum/Henry C. Kapteyn]]. You will see from their contributions record the number of times. I have warned Tham on their user tag page that this is tantaomunt to volunteering to be blocked here. They have a track record of achieving blocks on enWiki and Commons already.

They have all the appearance of shooting not to understand when given direct information about their behaviour, whichever project they are editing, and are fast becoming a time sink. Their behaviour across multiple WMF sites may well lead to a Global Lock, but I do not believe they have quite reached the threshold for that.

I believe that what is required is a preventative block to seek to ensure thatchy understand the seriousness of their behaviour, and the need to be collegial. 🇵🇸&amp;zwj;🇺🇦&amp;nbsp;[[User:Timtrent|Timtrent]]&amp;nbsp;🇺🇦&amp;nbsp;[[User talk:Timtrent|talk to me]]&amp;nbsp;🇺🇦&amp;zwj;🇵🇸 23:03, 4 March 2026 (UTC)
: {{Done}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:45, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

== Blocks for sockpuppet ==

Please block [[User:Harold Foppele]] and [[User:Johnwilliamsiii]] for sockpuppetry based on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sockpuppet_investigations/Harold_Foppele en wiki] CU and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1177465640 commons] CU investigations. The user has also violated copyright, see the above discussion. A block is necessary to prevent further abuse. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 11:30, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;@[[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]]&lt;/small&gt; [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 11:31, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
:: {{Done}} [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 11:44, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
:CC. @[[User:Timtrent|Timtrent]], @[[User:Sesquilinear|Sesquilinear]], @[[User:Pi.1415926535|Pi.1415926535]] [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 11:33, 8 March 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you for the ping. I concur based on [[w:en:WP:DUCK|behaviour]]. CUs appear divided. 🇵🇸&amp;zwj;🇺🇦&amp;nbsp;[[User:Timtrent|Timtrent]]&amp;nbsp;🇺🇦&amp;nbsp;[[User talk:Timtrent|talk to me]]&amp;nbsp;🇺🇦&amp;zwj;🇵🇸 11:41, 8 March 2026 (UTC)

== Problem when trying to start a discussion with authors of the Plurilingual education portal ==

The authors I wanted to discuss with are called &quot;Project PEP&quot; and my name is Franch Chandler. How can I be allowed to do so ? [[User:French Chandler|French Chandler]] ([[User talk:French Chandler|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/French Chandler|contribs]]) 18:25, 16 March 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:French Chandler|French Chandler]] place your qestion [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Projet_PEP&amp;action=edit into the dialog box] on this link and hit Publish page. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 20:22, 16 March 2026 (UTC)

== Please publish my post ==

My post is about &quot;Every child grows and develops at their own pace, but some may experience challenges that affect their ability to perform everyday tasks. These challenges can include difficulties with fine motor skills, sensory processing, handwriting, feeding, and self-regulation. When these issues are not addressed early, they can impact a child’s confidence, academic performance, and independence.

With the rise of digital healthcare services, '''online physical therapy''' has emerged as a powerful and accessible solution for parents seeking support for their children. This modern approach provides structured, personalized therapy programs that can be accessed from the comfort of home, making it easier for families to ensure consistent care.&quot; [[User:Skyabovetherapy|Skyabovetherapy]] ([[User talk:Skyabovetherapy|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Skyabovetherapy|contribs]]) 12:28, 28 March 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:Skyabovetherapy|Skyabovetherapy]] Well, you can publish it yourself, Wikiversity is a free environement, where everybody can create educational resources. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 14:11, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
::They actually triggered some abuse filters. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 16:24, 29 March 2026 (UTC)
:I looked at your attempts to add this text and I see a link to one website repeated many times, which reminds me of the misuse of Wikiversity for self-promotion or to increase the importance of the website. It is necessary to remind you here that Wikiversity is not a place for promotion, but a place for education. So if you want to educate, it will not be a problem to create the page without external links with a clearly defined procedure for how people should use it and what to expect from it. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 18:07, 1 April 2026 (UTC)

== New user limit ==

Hi, I am creating an AIPA Method learning resource page. 

I am the author of the linked research, and I hit the “new user limit” and “new page with external link” filters while publishing. 

Here is the link to the page in creation: [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=AIPA_Method&amp;veaction=edit] 

Thank you for your help. 

Best regards, 

Senad Dizdarević [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:19, 30 March 2026 (UTC)

:@[[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] I should admit I dont know, what is &quot;new user limit&quot;, but if filter blocks your page because of certain external link, you may force to save anyway and sometimes it works. It should not work, when the website is blacklisted. As of now, I am not seeing you to save page in main namespace, so try to save it without external links first. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 07:30, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
::Thank you, you are very kind. 
::I will wait a day, and try again (without links, too). 
::Today, I already created About Me info page, and maybe that is enough for the filters for one day.  [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 07:53, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
:::Well, I have analyzed your contribution to Wikiversity and I should point out here, that this project is not a place for advertising, so there is no way of promoting your books and authority this way. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 17:56, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
::::Hi, my About Me page is just an info page with the neutral as possible presentation of my work. 
::::There is a big difference between informing and advertising. Informing is neutrally stating that something exists and requiring no action, while advertising is a special communication form with intent to cause certain action from readers. For example, click here, click there, order this, buy that. 
::::There is no such intention, form, or terms on my info page. Just neutral information. I don't hide and I am not ashamed that I am write and author, and that is a part of the usual bio, including works. I checked your user page: &quot;I graduated from the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague and studied information science at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University.&quot; I think that if you had written a book on Life Science, you would have mentioned that as well.
::::Most of the Info page is about my research and AIPA Method which is a valid contribution to psychology, consciousness studies, identity theory, and personality development. Actually, my paper '''AIPA Method: A Cognitive-Phenomenological Model for Identity Reconstruction and Stabilization in Pure Awareness''' is now in the peer review procedure at Journal of Consciousness Studies. 
::::Here is a part from the Wikiversity AIPA Method page in creation (waiting for the end of the time limit for new users):    [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 06:47, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
:::::For the unknown reasons, the form didn't publish my second part of the message: 
:::::I believe this is a valid contribution to Wikiversity. 
:::::Best Regards, 
:::::Senad [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 06:52, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
::::::And the third try: 
:::::: == Introduction ==
::::::The AIPA Method addresses a gap in contemporary personal development and consciousness science: most evidence‑based approaches (CBT, MBSR, MBCT, standard meditation) operate at the level of mental content—reframing thoughts, observing them, or reducing their impact—rather than at the level of identity structure. In contrast, AIPA targets the structural relationship between the self and the mind, aiming at durable identity reconstruction rooted in Pure Awareness rather than symptom management.
::::::The central research question of the primary AIPA preprint is whether a structured, sequentially staged method can produce permanent identity reconstruction rooted in Pure Awareness, and how such a method compares to established approaches in scope, mechanism, and outcome.
:::::: == Theoretical foundations ==
::::::The AIPA framework is grounded in the cognitive‑phenomenological tradition (e.g., McAdams, Varela, Metzinger, Erikson), contemporary consciousness science on minimal phenomenal experience, and qualitative methods advocacy in psychology. It builds directly on:
::::::* Empirical work on pure awareness and Minimal Phenomenal Experience (MPE), especially Gamma &amp; Metzinger’s large‑scale study of content‑reduced awareness states.
::::::* Metzinger’s proposal of minimal phenomenal experience as an entry point for a minimal unifying model of consciousness.
::::::* Narrative identity and partial‑self models within personality and identity theory.
::::::Within this backdrop, AIPA proposes Pure Awareness as a distinct, operationally specified state that can become a structural ground of identity rather than a transient meditative experience.
:::::: == Experiential empiricism ==
::::::The empirical foundation of the AIPA Method is explicitly first‑person and experiential, combining:
::::::* A 22‑year longitudinal autoethnographic self‑study (2003–2025) documenting partial personality episodes, protocol use, and outcomes.
::::::* A 13‑year prospective verification period with zero self‑reported recurrence of targeted harmful behaviors after a dated stabilization point (1 January 2006).
::::::* A high‑ecological‑validity “stress test” during acute bereavement, used to examine whether non‑reactive awareness remains stable under maximal provocation.
::::::* Two independent practitioner cases (an Amazon‑verified report and a structured questionnaire case) providing preliminary convergent signals across cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and identity dimensions.
::::::All central constructs (Pure Awareness, partial personalities, the Switch, identity stabilization) are operationalized with explicit phenomenological and behavioral criteria intended to enable replication and future third‑person measurement.
::::::I believe this is a valid contribution to Wikiversity. 
::::::Best regards, 
::::::Senad [[User:Senad Dizdarević|Senad Dizdarević]] ([[User talk:Senad Dizdarević|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Senad Dizdarević|contribs]]) 06:54, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

== Unable to publish pages  ==

Whenever I try to publish a page with linked sources it gets flagged and says I'm a new user attempting to publish content with outside links. Those outside links are my sources. [[User:Soboyed|Soboyed]] ([[User talk:Soboyed|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Soboyed|contribs]]) 04:52, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

:This restriction is automatically lifted after you have edited for a certain time (I don't recall that time off-hand, but it is not long). This is designed to stop spam. —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 04:53, 2 April 2026 (UTC)

== Showing error to publish a Post ==

My  action was constructive, not destructive, please allow to publish it. [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20906-18|&amp;#126;2026-20906-18]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-20906-18|talk]]) 08:06, 4 April 2026 (UTC)

:Maybe you got caught in a filter. Consider [[Special:CreateAccount|creating an account]]. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 09:06, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
:Your edits, [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Special:AbuseLog&amp;wpSearchUser=%7E2026-20906-18 these ones], seems to have tripped a filter when you tried to create a page on [[Create]] which external links. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 23:58, 4 April 2026 (UTC)
:Have you read my [https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Wikiversity:Request_custodian_action&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=2802219 previous reply] to you @[[User:~2026-20906-18|~2026-20906-18]]? [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:02, 6 April 2026 (UTC)

== Abuse filters which should be deleted ==

Hi, there are some abuse filters which should probably be deleted.
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/1]] (not needed anymore)
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/2]] (no hits since 2018)
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/3]] (not needed since there are global filters that disallow this specific type of spam filter 3 would have catched)
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/4]] (looking at the logs, there are too many false positives)
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/5]] (no hits since 2023)
* Abuse filters 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 (these filters are not needed anymore)
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/17]] (no hits since 2022)
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/19]] (no hits since 2019)
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/21]] (false positives, vandal currently inactive)
Thanks. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:51, 5 April 2026 (UTC)

:Why do these need to be deleted rather than inactivated? Do inactive abuse filters cause a server strain? —[[User:Koavf|Justin (&lt;span style=&quot;color:grey&quot;&gt;ko'''a'''vf&lt;/span&gt;)]]&lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;❤[[User talk:Koavf|T]]☮[[Special:Contributions/Koavf|C]]☺[[Special:Emailuser/Koavf|M]]☯&lt;/span&gt; 05:39, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
:: Deleted filters do not cause strain to the servers. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 14:28, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
:These sounds like sensible suggestions but, yes, would inactivation perhaps make more sense than deletion for at least some  filters? -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 09:35, 5 April 2026 (UTC)
:I would keep them @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]]. Alternatively, I would turn off the ones that haven't caught anything for a long time, but I would leave them enabled in case they need to be turned on or improved. If someone has already written the code and we don't have hundreds of free man-hours of programmers on Wikiversity, the server load seems secondary to me, and is negligible compared to other things. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 08:11, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
:: I know how to write abuse filter code and regex, but I would recommend disabling filters that have never caught anything in a long time ''and'' those who made lots of false positives. [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:09, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
:::Of course @[[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]], there are people here today who are capable of changing the code. But the question is what it will be like in a few years, the question is what will happen if those two are busy for a long time, etc. That's why I would leave it so that those who don't know much about code can be inspired by it and will need to do something with it someday - plus, more code for different types of filtering is actually great educational material on how those filters work. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 11:41, 17 April 2026 (UTC)

Here's the updated list of abuse filters under review with actions I've taken (several disabled, one basic code improvement, and some actions changed) - none have been deleted so they can all be edited and reactivayed - please suggest any further changes:
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/1]] (not needed anymore) - One time account spam bot - 4 hits over 10 years ago - Disabled in 2024 - May be useful in future
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/2]] (no hits since 2018) - Userspace spamming - 778 hits; none since 2018 likely due to global filters - Now disabled
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/3]] (not needed since there are global filters that disallow this specific type of spam filter 3 would have catched) - Specific user page spam - 1,101 hits most recent 7 March 2026 - Still active - Kept enabled
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/4]] (looking at the logs, there are too many false positives) - Questionable Language (profanity) - 6,055 hits including very recently - However it was logging hits without taking any actions - Edited to reduce likelihood of false positives by only applying filter to users with low (&lt; 20) edit count and applied weak actions to tag and warn but not prevent publishing the content
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/5]] (no hits since 2023) - Blocked Solicitation Links - 95 hits; none since 2023 - blocks specific historical spam sites - Non-active - Now disabled
* Abuse filters 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 (these filters are not needed anymore) - Not reviewed - They are currently disabled
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/17]] (no hits since 2022) - Fundamental Physics Edits - 347 hits; none since 2022 - Non-active and very specific for a historical issue - Now disabled 
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/19]] (no hits since 2019) - Page Creation - 20 hits; none since 2019 - Retained for historical reference and possible future updates - Now disabled
* [[Special:AbuseFilter/21]] (false positives, vandal currently inactive) - Globally Banned Editor (renamed to Low-edit Spam Monitor) - 2,829 hits including very recent - Only applies to users with less than 5 edits and takes no actions / monitoring only - Reviewing the details of the hits I don't see many false positives and have strengthened its actions to add a tag and warning

-- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:57, 9 April 2026 (UTC)

== Block request ==

Please block ~2026-20985-80/~2026-21079-90/~2026-21223-88. Reason: Vandalism. [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] ([[User talk:Àncilu|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Àncilu|contribs]]) 23:24, 5 April 2026 (UTC)

:All edits should be deleted and the first is blocked by Atcovi. [[User:PieWriter|PieWriter]] ([[User talk:PieWriter|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/PieWriter|contribs]]) 00:33, 6 April 2026 (UTC)

== Antispam - Filter 12 ==
{{ping|Codename Noreste}} Thanks for contacting me with a suggested [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filter]] for the coupon spam we've been getting. A very much appreciated time saver. Per your suggestion, abuse filter 12 has been reactivated with your updated regex. It should tag and prevent page creation actions for coupon promo etc. Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 10:33, 15 April 2026 (UTC)

== Urgent! error message This action has been automatically identified as potentially harmful, and therefore disallowed ==

While submitting the post this error was coming &quot;This action has been automatically identified as potentially harmful, and therefore disallowed. If you believe your action was constructive, please inform an administrator of what you were trying to do. A brief description of the abuse rule which your action matched is: New User Created Page with External Link&quot; How to resolve it?

Here is the content:

{{note|marketing material removed}}

[[User:EasyshikshaMarketing|EasyshikshaMarketing]] ([[User talk:EasyshikshaMarketing|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EasyshikshaMarketing|contribs]]) 05:14, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
: That's because Wikiversity doesn't accept advertising. -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 05:20, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
::So this is fine
::'''Online Internship and Digital Learning for Students'''
::Online learning has become an important part of modern education. With the help of the internet and digital tools, students can now study, practice, and gain experience without being physically present in a classroom. One key part of this system is the online internship, which helps students learn real-world skills along with their studies.
::An online internship allows students to work on tasks and projects through digital platforms. This makes learning more practical and useful, especially for those who want to understand how real work environments function.
::'''Background'''
::The concept of online learning developed from distance education, where students learned from remote locations. Over time, with the growth of digital technology, learning has become more interactive and flexible.
::The introduction of the online internship has added another important layer to digital education. It combines theoretical learning with practical experience, helping students prepare for future careers.
::During global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, online education and online internship programs became essential. They helped students continue learning and gaining experience despite restrictions on physical movement.
::'''Importance of Online Internship'''
::An online internship plays an important role in student development. It helps bridge the gap between academic knowledge and practical skills.
::'''Some key points include:'''
::Students understand how real work is done
::They develop basic professional skills
::It supports career readiness
::It allows learning without location limits
::By participating in an online internship, students can improve their confidence and gain early exposure to different fields.
::'''Features of Online Internship-Based Learning'''
::Modern education platforms often include online internship opportunities as part of their learning system. These usually offer:
::Flexible schedules for students
::Access to learning from home
::Beginner-friendly tasks and projects
::A combination of theory and practice
::Such features make online internship programs suitable for a wide range of learners, including beginners.
::'''Learning Tasks'''
::Explore how online internship programs support student learning in digital environments.
::Identify how students can gain practical experience through an online internship
::Analyze the role of flexible learning in improving student engagement
::Understand how online education and internships work together
::'''References'''
::[https://ijpsl.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/E-Learning_Hanaaya-Navaneeth.pdf The Past, Present and Future of E-Learning: Hanaaya Varyani and Navaneeth M S]
::[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9788102 Current Trends and Future Perspectives of e-Learning in India]
::'''See Also'''
::[https://easyshiksha.com/online_courses/internship Online Internship]
::[https://easyshiksha.com/online_courses/ Online Courses]
::[https://easyshiksha.com/online_courses/kids-learning Kids Learning]
::[https://easyshiksha.com/career_helper/ Career Guidance] [[User:EasyshikshaMarketing|EasyshikshaMarketing]] ([[User talk:EasyshikshaMarketing|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/EasyshikshaMarketing|contribs]]) 05:27, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[User:EasyshikshaMarketing|EasyshikshaMarketing]] Wikiversity is a resource for education, or a space for education. However, your intention to link to another website is obvious, and such content does not belong here, as it contradicts the purpose of Wikiversity. [[User:Juandev|Juandev]] ([[User talk:Juandev|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Juandev|contribs]]) 11:38, 17 April 2026 (UTC)

==AI-generated images==
Seeking your advice.

Myself and students use some AI-generated images in the [[Motivation and emotion]] project.

[[User:Dronebogus]] has been removing some of these images from Wikiversity pages and nominating them for deletion at Commons. As a result, some have been deleted and some have been kept.

Dronebogus has made some useful edits and image suggestions for [[Motivation and emotion]] which I've appreciated and  incorporated. However, there are other edits to remove an AI image by Dronebogus that I've reverted where I think the image is more educational than no image or an alternative image suggested by Dronebogus.

There are a couple of pages where Dronebogus has reverted my reversion, so we are at risk of edit warring. We have briefly discussed and warned each other on our user talk pages, but it seems to come down to a difference in perception about the educational usefulness of the AI images.

So, I'm asking here for others to please review the recent edit histories for these pages:
* [[Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Brain and physiological needs]]
* [[Motivation and emotion/Book/2025/Stockholm syndrome emotion]]

and let us know what you think about the AI image suitability vs. using no image or alternative images suggested by Dronebogus.

Sincerely, James -- [[User:Jtneill|Jtneill]] - &lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Jtneill|Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Jtneill|c]]&lt;/small&gt; 11:45, 26 April 2026 (UTC)

:I think Jtneill needs to try harder to find non-AI alternatives both on Commons and the web. I’m not reiterating the well known problems with generative AI— you can read about those on Wikipedia and the broader Internet. Needless to say it’s kind of just inherently toxic. If you use it, it should be the last resort of last resorts. Just my stance, which I consider perfectly valid and reasonable. [[User:Dronebogus|Dronebogus]] ([[User talk:Dronebogus|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Dronebogus|contribs]]) 04:10, 27 April 2026 (UTC)

== Request for Page Creation Approval - Research on Dr. Ian Stevenson ==


'''Hello Administrators,'''

I am a digital archivist and researcher attempting to create an educational page regarding Dr. Ian Stevenson's scientific work, specifically titled &quot;Where Reincarnation and Biology Intersect&quot; and its official Vietnamese edition.

My edits are purely constructive, aimed at integrating local research context with global structured data (including '''Wikidata Q139548587'''). The automated filter is currently preventing publication due to &quot;new user external link limits.&quot;

I have ensured that all citations, references, and images (sourced from Wikimedia Commons) are strictly academic and non-promotional. Could you please review my contributions and consider whitelisting my account or approving this specific page creation?

Thank you for your assistance in preserving this research '''legacy''' within the open knowledge ecosystem.

'''Best regards,''' [[User:Ian Stevenson777|Ian Stevenson777]] ([[User talk:Ian Stevenson777|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ian Stevenson777|contribs]]) 07:26, 28 April 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>lsclqh0ek8aenru1uui4h7iymf8h6m6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Poetry/Add a poem</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-28T01:07:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Nearly Oscar</username>
        <id>3069012</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>line breaks to (hopefully) show up. fixed grammar in first sentence</comment>
      <origin>2806844</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="355" sha1="g5b9k5cxgjr0yke9gbifm0p7l4bu3dg" xml:space="preserve">This resource helps you learn how to create a poem. Read some of the ideas in here and go ahead to create your own:

== Cheater ==
Corner office,  

fiftieth floor, 

light glints on dark 

mahogany.The open

window draft pulls

a blank page 

to lush nap.

The ledge, empty 

save for a pen

at the brink

of truth.

== Your Poem's Name ==

{{CourseCat}}</text>
      <sha1>g5b9k5cxgjr0yke9gbifm0p7l4bu3dg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>VHDL programming in plain view</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>121359</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2806816</id>
      <parentid>2806538</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T16:52:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Data */</comment>
      <origin>2806816</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2278" sha1="4mmio3r57gv6xjmatpw011eao87fzma" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

== Flip Flop and Latch ==
* FFLatch.Overview.1.A ([[Media:FFLatch.Overview.1.A.20111103.pdf|pdf]])
* Counter.74LS193.1.A ([[Media:Counter.74LS193.1.A.20111108.pdf|pdf]])
* Clock.Overview.1.A ([[Media:Clock.Overview.1.A.20111108.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.Overview.1.A ([[Media:Function.Overview.1.A.20111201.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt; 

== Versions of VHDL ==
* VHDL Versions ([[Media:VHDL.1.A.Versions.20120619.pdf|pdf]])
* VHDL Libraries ([[Media:VHDL.1.A.Libraries.20140219.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt;

== Basic Features of VHDL ==
==== Data ====
* Data Objects ([[Media:Data.Object.1A.20260427.pdf|A]], [[Media:Data.Object.1B.20260421.pdf|B]])
* Data Types ([[Media:Data.Type.2A.20260421.pdf|A]], [[Media:Data.Type.2B.20260421.pdf|B]])
* Packages ([[Media:Data.Package.3A.20251206.pdf|pdf]])
* Signal Types ([[Media:Signal.Type.1A.20250614.pdf|pdf]])
* Attributes ([[Media:Data.4.A.Attribute.20251021.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt;

==== Signals &amp; Variables ====
* Signals &amp; Variables ([[Media:Signal.1A.SigVar.20250614.pdf|pdf]])
* Sequential Signal Assignments ([[Media:Signal.4A.Sequential.20250612.pdf|pdf]])
* Concurrent &amp; Sequential Signal Assignments ([[Media:Signal.1.A.ConSeq.20120611.pdf|pdf]])
* Inertial &amp; Transport Delay Models ([[Media:Signal.2.A.InertTrans.20120704.pdf|pdf]])
* Simulation &amp; Synthesis ([[Media:Signal.3.A.SimSyn.20120504.pdf|pdf]])


&lt;br&gt;

==== Structure ====
* Component ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Component.20120804.pdf|pdf]])
* Configuration ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Configuration.20121003.pdf|pdf]])
* Generic ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Generic.20120802.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==== Entity and Architecture ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Block Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Process Statement ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Operators ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Assignment Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Concurrent Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Sequential Control Statement ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Function ====
* Function.1.A Usage ([[Media:Function.1.A.Usage.20120611.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.2.A Conversion Function ([[Media:Function.2.A.Conversion.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.3.A Resolution Function ([[Media:Function.3.A.Resolution.pdf|pdf]])

&lt;br&gt;
==== Procedure ====


&lt;br&gt;
==== Package ====
&lt;/br&gt; 
go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

[[Category:VHDL]]
[[Category:FPGA]]</text>
      <sha1>4mmio3r57gv6xjmatpw011eao87fzma</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806818</id>
      <parentid>2806816</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T16:56:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Data */</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2278" sha1="4wcrd7qugg4ua5d5ez51xdf7nsfg2it" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;

== Flip Flop and Latch ==
* FFLatch.Overview.1.A ([[Media:FFLatch.Overview.1.A.20111103.pdf|pdf]])
* Counter.74LS193.1.A ([[Media:Counter.74LS193.1.A.20111108.pdf|pdf]])
* Clock.Overview.1.A ([[Media:Clock.Overview.1.A.20111108.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.Overview.1.A ([[Media:Function.Overview.1.A.20111201.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt; 

== Versions of VHDL ==
* VHDL Versions ([[Media:VHDL.1.A.Versions.20120619.pdf|pdf]])
* VHDL Libraries ([[Media:VHDL.1.A.Libraries.20140219.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt;

== Basic Features of VHDL ==
==== Data ====
* Data Objects ([[Media:Data.Object.1A.20260428.pdf|A]], [[Media:Data.Object.1B.20260421.pdf|B]])
* Data Types ([[Media:Data.Type.2A.20260421.pdf|A]], [[Media:Data.Type.2B.20260421.pdf|B]])
* Packages ([[Media:Data.Package.3A.20251206.pdf|pdf]])
* Signal Types ([[Media:Signal.Type.1A.20250614.pdf|pdf]])
* Attributes ([[Media:Data.4.A.Attribute.20251021.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;br&gt;

==== Signals &amp; Variables ====
* Signals &amp; Variables ([[Media:Signal.1A.SigVar.20250614.pdf|pdf]])
* Sequential Signal Assignments ([[Media:Signal.4A.Sequential.20250612.pdf|pdf]])
* Concurrent &amp; Sequential Signal Assignments ([[Media:Signal.1.A.ConSeq.20120611.pdf|pdf]])
* Inertial &amp; Transport Delay Models ([[Media:Signal.2.A.InertTrans.20120704.pdf|pdf]])
* Simulation &amp; Synthesis ([[Media:Signal.3.A.SimSyn.20120504.pdf|pdf]])


&lt;br&gt;

==== Structure ====
* Component ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Component.20120804.pdf|pdf]])
* Configuration ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Configuration.20121003.pdf|pdf]])
* Generic ([[Media:Struct.1.A.Generic.20120802.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==== Entity and Architecture ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Block Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Process Statement ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Operators ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Assignment Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Concurrent Statement ====

&lt;br&gt; 
==== Sequential Control Statement ====

&lt;br&gt;
==== Function ====
* Function.1.A Usage ([[Media:Function.1.A.Usage.20120611.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.2.A Conversion Function ([[Media:Function.2.A.Conversion.pdf|pdf]])
* Function.3.A Resolution Function ([[Media:Function.3.A.Resolution.pdf|pdf]])

&lt;br&gt;
==== Procedure ====


&lt;br&gt;
==== Package ====
&lt;/br&gt; 
go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

[[Category:VHDL]]
[[Category:FPGA]]</text>
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    <title>Understanding Arithmetic Circuits</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Adder */</comment>
      <origin>2806854</origin>
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== Adder ==

* Binary Adder Architecture Exploration ( [[Media:Adder.20131113.pdf|pdf]]  )
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!  Adder type      !! Overview !! Analysis !! VHDL Level Design  !! CMOS Level Design  
|-
| '''1. Ripple Carry Adder'''
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1A.RCA.20250522.pdf|A]]||
|| [[Media:Adder.rca.20140313.pdf|pdf]]
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1D.RCA.CMOS.20211108.pdf|pdf]]
|-
| '''2. Carry Lookahead Adder'''
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.CLA.20260109.pdf|org]], [[Media:VLSI.Arith.2A.CLA.20260428.pdf|A]], [[Media:VLSI.Arith.2B.CLA.20260304.pdf|B]] ||
|| [[Media:Adder.cla.20140313.pdf|pdf]]||
|-
| '''3. Carry Save Adder''' 
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.CSave.20151209.pdf|A]]||
|| ||
|-
|| '''4. Carry Select Adder''' 
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.CSelA.20191002.pdf|A]]||
|| || 
|-
|| '''5. Carry Skip Adder'''
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.5A.CSkip.20250405.pdf|A]]||
|| 
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.5D.CSkip.CMOS.20211108.pdf|pdf]]
|- 
|| '''6. Carry Chain Adder'''
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.6A.CCA.20211109.pdf|A]]||
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.6C.CCA.VHDL.20211109.pdf|pdf]],  [[Media:Adder.cca.20140313.pdf|pdf]]
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.6D.CCA.CMOS.20211109.pdf|pdf]]
|- 
|| '''7. Kogge-Stone Adder'''
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.KSA.20140315.pdf|A]]||
|| [[Media:Adder.ksa.20140409.pdf|pdf]]||
|-
|| '''8. Prefix Adder'''
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.PFA.20140314.pdf|A]]||
|| || 
|-
|| '''9.1 Variable Block Adder'''
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1A.VBA.20221110.pdf|A]], [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1B.VBA.20230911.pdf|B]], [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1C.VBA.20240622.pdf|C]], [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1C.VBA.20250218.pdf|D]]||
|| || 
|-
|| '''9.2 Multi-Level Variable Block Adder'''
|| [[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.VBA-Multi.20221031.pdf|A]]||
|| || 
|}
&lt;/br&gt;
 
=== Adder Architectures Suitable for FPGA === 
* FPGA Carry-Chain Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.FPGA-CCA.20210421.pdf|pdf]])
* FPGA Carry Select Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.B.FPGA-CarrySelect.20210522.pdf|pdf]])
* FPGA Variable Block Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.C.FPGA-VariableBlock.20220125.pdf|pdf]])
* FPGA Carry Lookahead Adder ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.D.FPGA-CLookahead.20210304.pdf|pdf]])
* Carry-Skip Adder
&lt;/br&gt;

== Barrel Shifter ==
* Barrel Shifter Architecture Exploration ([[Media:Bshift.20131105.pdf|bshfit.vhdl]], [[Media:Bshift.makefile.20131109.pdf|bshfit.makefile]])
&lt;/br&gt;

'''Mux Based Barrel Shifter'''
* Analysis  ([[Media:Arith.BShfiter.20151207.pdf|pdf]]) 
* Implementation 
&lt;/br&gt;

== Multiplier == 
=== Array Multipliers ===
* Analysis  ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.Mult.20151209.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Tree Mulltipliers ===
* Lattice Multiplication  ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.LatticeMult.20170204.pdf|pdf]])
* Wallace Tree  ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.WallaceTree.20170204.pdf|pdf]])
* Dadda Tree  ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.DaddaTree.20170701.pdf|pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

=== Booth Multipliers ===
* [[Media:RNS4.BoothEncode.20161005.pdf|Booth Encoding Note]]
* Booth Multiplier Note ([[Media:BoothMult.20160929.pdf|H1.pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

== Divider == 
* Binary Divider ([[Media:VLSI.Arith.1.A.Divider.20131217.pdf|pdf]])&lt;/br&gt;

&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt; 
go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

[[Category:Digital Circuit Design]]
[[Category:FPGA]]</text>
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    <title>Wikiversity:Newsletters/This Month in Education</title>
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      <text bytes="295053" sha1="7exu8ltjyclfsir2jary8qk6nawcrqz" xml:space="preserve">== Archives ==
* [[Outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives]]

== This Month in Education: January 2018 ==

[[File:Wikipedia Education Globe 2.pdf|frameless|left|150px|Wikipedia Education globe]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:60px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; direction:ltr; margin-left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 7 | Issue 1 | January 2018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:regular; text-align:center; font-size:14px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;This monthly newsletter showcases the Wikipedia Education Program. It focuses on sharing: your ideas, stories, success and challenges. You can see past editions [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. You can also volunteer to help publish the newsletter. [[outreach:Education/News/Team|Join the team!]] Finally, don't forget to [[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|subscribe!]]&lt;/span&gt;

{{anchor|back}}
&lt;div style=text-align:center; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:24px; font-family:times new roman; display:block; background:#339966; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;


{| style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;
| style=&quot;width:50%; color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2018#Featured Topic|Featured Topic]]
| style=&quot;width:50%; font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |
&lt;!-- Enter the title of the articles for this issue  --&gt;

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2018#Article 1|Bertsomate: using Basque oral poetry to illustrate math concepts]]

|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2018#From the Community|From the Community]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |
[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2018#Article 2|Wikimedia Serbia celebrated 10 years from the first article written within the Education Program]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2018#Article 3|WikiChallenge Ecoles d'Afrique update]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2018#Article 4|The first Swedish Master's in Digital Humanities partners with Wikimedia Sverige]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2018#Article 5|How we use PetScan to improve partnership with lecturers and professors]]


|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2018#From the Education Team|From the Education Team]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2018#Article 6|The Education Survey Report is out!]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2018#Article 7|Education Extension scheduled shutdown]]
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:42, 1 February 2018 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: February 2018 ==

[[File:Wikipedia Education Globe 2.pdf|frameless|left|150px|Wikipedia Education globe]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:60px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; direction:ltr; margin-left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 7 | Issue 2 | February 2018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:regular; text-align:center; font-size:14px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;This monthly newsletter showcases the Wikipedia Education Program. It focuses on sharing: your ideas, stories, success and challenges. You can see past editions [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. You can also volunteer to help publish the newsletter. [[outreach:Education/News/Team|Join the team!]] Finally, don't forget to [[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|subscribe!]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=text-align:center; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:24px; font-family:times new roman; display:block; background:#339966; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{| style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2018#From the Community|From the Community]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |
[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2018#Article 2|WikiProject Engineering Workshop at IIUC,Chittagong]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2018#Article 3|What did we learn from Wikibridges MOOC?]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2018#Article 4|Wikimedia Serbia launched Wiki scholar project]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2018#Article 5|Wiki Club in Ohrid, Macedonia]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2018#Article 6|Karvachar’s WikiClub: When getting knowledge is cool]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2018#Article 7|More than 30 new courses launched in the University of the Basque Country]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2018#Article 8|Review meeting on Christ Wikipedia Education Program]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2018#Article 9|The Multidisciplinary Choices of High School Students: The Arabic Education Program; Wikimedia Israel]]

|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2018#From the Education Team|From the Education Team]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2018#Article 10|The Education Extension is being deprecated (second call)]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2018#Article 11|The 2017 survey report live presentation is available for viewing]]

|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:53, 1 March 2018 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: March 2018 ==

[[File:Wikipedia Education Globe 2.pdf|frameless|left|150px|Wikipedia Education globe]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:60px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; direction:ltr; margin-left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 7 | Issue 3 | March 2018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:regular; text-align:center; font-size:14px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;This monthly newsletter showcases the Wikipedia Education Program. It focuses on sharing: your ideas, stories, success and challenges. You can see past editions [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. You can also volunteer to help publish the newsletter. [[outreach:Education/News/Team|Join the team!]] Finally, don't forget to [[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|subscribe!]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=text-align:center; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:24px; font-family:times new roman; display:block; background:#339966; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;


{| style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;
| style=&quot;width:50%; color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2018#Featured Topic|Featured Topic]]
| style=&quot;width:50%; font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |
[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2018#Article 1|Education Programs Itinerary]]

|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2018#From the Community|From the Community]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |
[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2018#Article 2|Animated science educational videos in Basque for secondary school student]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2018#Article 3|Beirut WikiClub: Wikijourney that has enriched our experiences]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2018#Article 4|Students of the Faculty of Biology in Belgrade edit Wikipedia for the first time]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2018#Article 5|The role of Wikipedia in education - Examples from the Wiki Education Foundation]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2018#Article 6|Multilingual resource for Open education projects]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2018#Article 7|Wikipedia: examples of curricular integration in Portugal]]

|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2018#From the Education Team|From the Education Team]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2018#Article 8|Resources and Tips to engage with Educators]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2018#Article 9|Education Session at WMCON 2018]]

|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 10:33, 4 April 2018 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: April 2018 ==

[[File:Wikipedia Education Globe 2.pdf|frameless|left|150px|Wikipedia Education globe]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:60px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; direction:ltr; margin-left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 7 | Issue 4 | April 2018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:regular; text-align:center; font-size:14px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;This monthly newsletter showcases the Wikipedia Education Program. It focuses on sharing: your ideas, stories, success and challenges. You can see past editions [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. You can also volunteer to help publish the newsletter. [[outreach:Education/News/Team|Join the team!]] Finally, don't forget to [[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|subscribe!]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=text-align:center; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:24px; font-family:times new roman; display:block; background:#339966; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;


{| style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;
| style=&quot;width:50%; color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2018#Featured Topic|Featured Topic]]
| style=&quot;width:50%; font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2018#Article 1|Wikimedia at the Open Educational Resources Conference 2018]]

|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2018#From the Community|From the Community]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |
[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2018#Article 2|Global perspectives from Western Norway]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2018#Article 3|Togh's WikiClub: Wikipedia is the 8th wonder of the world!]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2018#Article 4|Aboriginal Volunteers in Taiwan Shared Experience about Incubating Minority Language Wikipedia in Education Magazine]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2018#Article 5|Workshops with Wiki Clubs members in the Republic of Macedonia]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2018#Article 6|Celebrating Book's Day in the University of the Basque Country: is Wikipedia the largest Basque language book?]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2018#Article 7|Txikipedia is born and you'll love it]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2018#Article 8|Students Write Wiktionary]]

|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2018#From the Education Team|From the Education Team]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |


[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2018#Article 9|Presenting the Wikipedia Education Program at the Open Education Global Conference]]

|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:33, 4 May 2018 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: May 2018 ==

[[File:Wikipedia Education Globe 2.pdf|frameless|left|150px|Wikipedia Education globe]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:60px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; direction:ltr; margin-left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 4 | Issue 5 | May 2018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:regular; text-align:center; font-size:14px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;This monthly newsletter showcases the Wikipedia Education Program. It focuses on sharing: your ideas, stories, success and challenges. You can see past editions [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. You can also volunteer to help publish the newsletter. [[outreach:Education/News/Team|Join the team!]] Finally, don't forget to [[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|subscribe!]]&lt;/span&gt;


&lt;div style=text-align:center; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:24px; font-family:times new roman; display:block; background:#339966; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{| style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2018#From the Community|From the Community]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |
[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2018#Article 2|Creating and reusing OERs for a Wikiversity science journalism course from Brazil]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2018#Article 3|Inauguration Ceremony of Sri Jayewardenepura University Wiki Club]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2018#Article 4|Wiki Education publishes evaluation of Fellows pilot]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2018#Article 5|The first students of Russia with diplomas of Wikimedia and Petrozavodsk State University]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2018#Article 6|Selet WikiSchool]]

|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2018#From the Education Team|From the Education Team]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2018#Article 8|A lofty vision for the Education Team]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2018#Article 9|UNESCO Mobile Learning Week 2018, Digital Skills for Life and Work]]
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 21:44, 4 June 2018 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: June 2018 ==

[[File:Wikipedia Education Globe 2.pdf|frameless|left|150px|Wikipedia Education globe]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:60px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; direction:ltr; margin-left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 4 | Issue 6 | June 2018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:regular; text-align:center; font-size:14px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;This monthly newsletter showcases the Wikipedia Education Program. It focuses on sharing: your ideas, stories, success and challenges. You can see past editions [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. You can also volunteer to help publish the newsletter. [[outreach:Education/News/Team|Join the team!]] Finally, don't forget to [[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|subscribe!]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=text-align:center; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:24px; font-family:times new roman; display:block; background:#339966; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;


{| style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;
| style=&quot;width:50%; color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#Featured Topic|Featured Topic]]
| style=&quot;width:50%; font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#Article 1|Academia and Wikipedia: the first Irish conference on Wikipedia in education]]

|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#From the Community|From the Community]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |
[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#Article 2|Ashesi Wiki Club: Charting the cause for Wikipedia Education Program in West Africa]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#Article 3|Wikimedia Serbia has received a new accreditation for the Accredited seminars for teachers]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#Article 4|Côte d'Ivoire: Wikipedia Classes 2018 are officially up and running]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#Article 5|Basque secondary students have now better coverage for main topics thanks to the Education Program]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#Article 6|What lecturers think about their first experience in the Basque Education Program]]

|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#From the Education Team|From the Education Team]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#Article 7|Education Extension scheduled deprecation]]

|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#In the News|In the News]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | 
[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#Article 8|Wikipedia calls for participation to boost content from the continent]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#Article 9|Wikipedia in the History Classroom]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#Article 10|Wikipedia as a Pedagogical Tool Complicating Writing in the Technical Writing Classroom]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2018#Article 11|When the World Helps Teach Your Class: Using Wikipedia to Teach Controversial Issues]]

|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:03, 30 June 2018 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: July 2018 ==

[[File:Wikipedia Education Globe 2.pdf|frameless|left|150px|Wikipedia Education globe]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:60px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; direction:ltr; margin-left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 4 | Issue 7 | July 2018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:regular; text-align:center; font-size:14px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;This monthly newsletter showcases the Wikipedia Education Program. It focuses on sharing: your ideas, stories, success and challenges. You can see past editions [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. You can also volunteer to help publish the newsletter. [[outreach:Education/News/Team|Join the team!]] Finally, don't forget to [[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|subscribe!]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=text-align:center; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:24px; font-family:times new roman; display:block; background:#339966; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;


{| style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;
| style=&quot;width:50%; color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2018#Featured Topic|Featured Topic]]
| style=&quot;width:50%; font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2018#Article 1|Wikipedia+Education Conference 2019: Community Engagement Survey]]


|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2018#From the Community|From the Community]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |
[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2018#Article 2|Young wikipedian: At WikiClub you get knowledge on your own will]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2018#Article 3|Wikipedia in schools project at the &quot;New Technologies in Education&quot; Conference]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2018#Article 4|Basque Education Program: 2017-2018 school year report]]


|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2018#In the News|In the News]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | 
[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2018#Article 10|UNESCO ICT in Education Prize call for nominations opens]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2018#Article 11|An educator's overview of Wikimedia (in short videos format)]]

|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:32, 2 August 2018 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: August 2018 ==

[[File:Wikipedia Education Globe 2.pdf|frameless|left|150px|Wikipedia Education globe]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:60px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; direction:ltr; margin-left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 4 | Issue 8 | August 2018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:regular; text-align:center; font-size:14px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;This monthly newsletter showcases the Wikipedia Education Program. It focuses on sharing: your ideas, stories, success and challenges. You can see past editions [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. You can also volunteer to help publish the newsletter. [[outreach:Education/News/Team|Join the team!]] Finally, don't forget to [[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|subscribe!]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=text-align:center; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:24px; font-family:times new roman; display:block; background:#339966; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{| style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/August 2018#From the Community|From the Community]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |
[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/August 2018#Article 2|The reconnection of Wikimedia Projects in Brazil]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/August 2018#Article 3|Christ (DU) students enrolls for 3rd Wikipedia certificate course]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/August 2018#Article 4|Educational wiki-master-classes at International &quot;Selet&quot; forum]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/August 2018#Article 5|54 students help enrich the digital Arabic content]]

|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/August 2018#From the Education Team|From the Education Team]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/August 2018#Article 6|Mapping education in the Wikimedia Movement]]

|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 03:12, 2 September 2018 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: September 2018 ==

[[File:Wikipedia Education Globe 2.pdf|frameless|left|150px|Wikipedia Education globe]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:60px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; direction:ltr; margin-left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 4 | Issue 9 | September 2018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:regular; text-align:center; font-size:14px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;This monthly newsletter showcases the Wikipedia Education Program. It focuses on sharing: your ideas, stories, success and challenges. You can see past editions [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. You can also volunteer to help publish the newsletter. [[outreach:Education/News/Team|Join the team!]] Finally, don't forget to [[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|subscribe!]]&lt;/span&gt;


&lt;div style=text-align:center; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:24px; font-family:times new roman; display:block; background:#339966; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{| style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2018#From the Community|From the Community]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |
[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2018#Article 1|Edu Wiki Camp 2018: New Knowledge for New Generation]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2018#Article 2|Education loves Monuments: A Brazilian Tale]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2018#Article 3|“I have always liked literature, now I like it even more thanks to Wikipedia”. Literature is in the air of WikiClubs․]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2018#Article 4|History of Wikipedia Education programme at Christ (Deemed to be University)]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2018#Article 5|Preparation for the autumn educational session of Selet WikiSchool is started]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2018#Article 6|Wiki Camp Doyran 2018]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2018#Article 7|Wikicamp Czech Republic 2018]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2018#Article 8|Wikipedia offline in rural areas of Colombia]]

|-
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2018#From the Education Team|From the Education Team]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2018#Article 9|Presentation on mapping education in the Wikimedia Movement]]

|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 01:14, 9 October 2018 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: November 2018 ==

[[File:Wikipedia Education Globe 2.pdf|frameless|left|150px|Wikipedia Education globe]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:60px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; direction:ltr; margin-left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#006699; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 4 | Issue 10 | October 2018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:regular; text-align:center; font-size:14px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; display:block; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;This monthly newsletter showcases the Wikipedia Education Program. It focuses on sharing: your ideas, stories, success and challenges. You can see past editions [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. You can also volunteer to help publish the newsletter. [[outreach:Education/News/Team|Join the team!]] Finally, don't forget to [[m:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedia_Education_Newsletter|subscribe!]]&lt;/span&gt;


&lt;div style=text-align:center; direction:ltr;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:24px; font-family:times new roman; display:block; background:#339966; width:1000px;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{| style=&quot;width:60%;&quot;
| style=&quot;color:#990000; font-size:20px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; | [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2018#From the Community|From the Community]]
| style=&quot;font-size:16px; font-family:times new roman;&quot; |
[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2018#Article 1|A new academic course featuring Wikidata at Tel Aviv University]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2018#Article 2|How we included Wikipedia edition into a whole University department curriculum]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2018#Article 3|Meet the first board of the UG Wikipedia &amp; Education]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2018#Article 4|The education program has kicked off as the new academic year starts]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2018#Article 5|The education program has kicked off as the new academic year starts in Albania]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2018#Article 6|The first Wikimedia+Education conference will happen on April 5-7 at Donostia-Saint Sebastian]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2018#Article 7|Using ORES to assign articles in Basque education program]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2018#Article 8|What to write for Wikipedia about? Monuments!]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2018#Article 9|Wikifridays: editing Wikipedia in the university]]

[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2018#Article 10|Writing articles on Wikipedia is our way of leaving legacy to the next generations]]

|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 05:55, 12 November 2018 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: November 2018 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em; direction:ltr;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 4 &amp;bull; Issue 10 &amp;bull; October 2018&lt;/span&gt;

------

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/November 2018|Contents]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/November 2018/Single page|Single page view]] &amp;bull; [[:m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;

-------
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2018/WikiEducation - Report from Wikimedians of Albanian Language UG |WikiEducation - Report from Wikimedians of Albanian Language UG]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2018/Wikipedia Education Program in ICETC 2018 , Japan |Wikipedia Education Program in ICETC 2018, Japan]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2018/Wikipedia has become the inseparable part of my daily life |Wikipedia has become the inseparable part of my daily life]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2018/Wikipedia is a world in which anyone of us has his own place |Wikipedia is a world in which anyone of us has his own place]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2018/Wiki conference for teachers in Ohrid |Wiki conference for teachers in Ohrid]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2018/Our baby is 3! |Our baby is 3!]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2018/highlighting work of Sailesh Patnaik |Highlighting work of Sailesh Patnaik]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2018/Important updates from Wikimedia Education Team |Important updates from Wikimedia Education Team]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2018/Welcome Melissa to the Education Team |Welcome Melissa to the Education Team]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2018/What has the education team been up to? Year end review and updates! |What has the education team been up to? Year end review and updates! ]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 18:18, 30 November 2018 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: January 2019 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 8 &amp;bull; Issue 1 &amp;bull; January 2019&lt;/span&gt;

----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2019|Contents]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2019/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;bull; [[:m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;

----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/Registration for Wikimedia+Education Conference is open|Registration for Wikimedia+Education Conference is open]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/Collaboration with Yerevan State University of Languages and Social Sciences after V. Brusov|Collaboration with Yerevan State University of Languages and Social Sciences after V. Brusov]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/Meet the first Programs &amp; Events Dashboard sysops|Meet the first Programs &amp; Events Dashboard sysops]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/More than a hundred students gathered in Ecuador to edit Wikipedia|More than a hundred students gathered in Ecuador to edit Wikipedia]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/Selet WikiSchool continues to teach young Tatar language Wikipedians|Selet WikiSchool continues to teach young Tatar language Wikipedians]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/The WikiClub contributes to the development of our human qualities |The WikiClub contributes to the development of our human qualities]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/Third prize for Wikipedia in schools project|Third prize for Wikipedia in schools project]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/We've updated the design of Education space!|We've updated the design of Education space!]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/WikiChallenge Ecoles d'Afrique 2019|The WikiChallenge Ecoles d'Afrique is back]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/Wiki Advanced Training at VVIT|Wiki Advanced Training at VVIT]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/WikiEducation in Albania from WoALUG|Creating our first WikiClub]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/WikiClubs participate in edit-a-thon of cartoons|WikiClubs participate in edit-a-thon of cartoons]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/Wikimedia and Education in Portugal: Where are we now|Wikimedia and Education in Portugal: Where are we now]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/January 2019/Wikimedia Israel: “Wikipedia Ambassadors” program for Arabic-speaking schools is launched|Wikimedia Israel: “Wikipedia Ambassadors” program for Arabic-speaking schools is launched]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 04:41, 29 January 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: February 2019 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 8 &amp;#x2022; Issue 2 &amp;#x2022; February 2019&lt;/span&gt;

----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2019|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2019/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;

----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2019/Wikimedia User Group Nigeria in Collaboration with AfroCrowd Celebrate Black Month History with a 2Day Editathon|Wikimedia User Group Nigeria in Collaboration with AfroCrowd Celebrate Black Month History with a 2Day Editathon]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2019/Wikimedia+Education Programme announced|Wikimedia+Education Programme announced]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2019/Wikipedia in Education, Uruguay|Wikipedia in Education, Uruguay]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2019/Oslo Metropolitan University hires “Wikipedia-assistants”|Oslo Metropolitan University hires “Wikipedia-assistants”]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2019/Basque Education Program: 2018 in review|Basque Education Program: 2018 in review]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2019/Wikimedia Israel introduces Wikidata to Education|Wikimedia Israel introduces Wikidata to Education]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2019/Wikimedia Serbia made tutorials in Serbian language on editing Wikipedia|Wikimedia Serbia made tutorials in Serbian language on editing Wikipedia]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2019/Seminar on wikis in education|Seminar on wikis in education]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2019/Wikimedia, Tourism and Education: Launching project ISAL|Wikimedia, Tourism and Education: Launching project ISAL]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2019/The Swiss Lab: Wikipedia as a game|The Swiss Lab: Wikipedia as a game]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2019/Meet Hungary|Meet Hungary]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 17:52, 27 February 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: March 2019 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 8 &amp;#x2022; Issue 3 &amp;#x2022; March 2019&lt;/span&gt;

----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2019|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2019/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;

----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[:outreach:Education/News/March 2019/Wikimedia at MLW2019|Wikimedia at UNESCO Mobile Learning Week 2019]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/March 2019/Wiki Education publishes evaluation on how to get subject matter experts to edit|Wiki Education publishes evaluation on how to get subject matter experts to edit]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/March 2019/WikiGap brings editors to close WikiGap|WikiGap brings editors to close WikiGap and open Wiki Pathshala]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/March 2019/Education Mapping exercise is open for public review|Education Mapping exercise is open for public review]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/March 2019/Wikimedia movement projects and activities presented at EDU RUSSIA 2019 forum|Wikimedia movement projects and activities presented at EDU RUSSIA 2019 forum]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/March 2019/“Edit-a-thons give us opportunity to distract from common interests” The club members write articles about New Year|“Edit-a-thons give us opportunity to distract from common interests” The club members write articles about New Year]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/March 2019/WikiClub as a non-formal educational centre in rural communities|WikiClub as a non-formal educational centre in rural communities]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/March 2019/Mini-MWT at VVIT (Feb 2019)|Mini MediaWiki Training at VVIT]]&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 06:31, 28 March 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Bring your idea for Wikimedia in Education to life! Launch of the Wikimedia Education Greenhouse ==

{{center|'''Apply for Education Greenhouse'''}}

[[File:Wikimedia Education Greenhouse logo button.svg|frameless|left|120px]]
Are you passionate about open education? Do you have an idea to apply Wikimedia projects to an education initiative but don’t know where to start? Join the the Wikimedia &amp; Education Greenhouse! It is an immersive co-learning experience that lasts 9 months and will equip you with the skills, knowledge and support you need to bring your ideas to life. You can apply as a team or as an individual, by May 12th. Find out more &lt;big&gt; [[:outreach:Education/Greenhouse|Education Greenhouse]].&lt;/big&gt; For more information reachout to mguadalupe{{@}}wikimedia.org

—[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MediaWiki message delivery|contribs]]) 11:16, 5 April 2019 (UTC)
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== This Month in Education: April 2019 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 8 &amp;#x2022; Issue 4 &amp;#x2022; April 2019&lt;/span&gt;

----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2019|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2019/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;

----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[:outreach:Education/News/April 2019/Launch of the Wikimedia &amp; Education Greenhouse!|Launch of the Wikimedia &amp; Education Greenhouse!]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/April 2019/Wikipedia Student Scholar|Wikipedia Student Scholar]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/April 2019/Wikimedia Commons: a highly hostile place for multimedia students contributions|Wikimedia Commons: a highly hostile place for multimedia students contributions]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/April 2019/Wikimedia+Education Conference highlights|Wikimedia+Education Conference highlights]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 01:27, 24 April 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: May 2019 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 8 &amp;#x2022; Issue 5 &amp;#x2022; May 2019&lt;/span&gt;

----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[Outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2019|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[Outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2019/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;

----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
*[[:Outreach:Education/News/May 2019/Education in Wales|Education in Wales]]
*[[:Outreach:Education/News/May 2019/Wikimedia &amp; Education Greenhouse: Applications closed!|Wikimedia &amp; Education Greenhouse: Applications closed!]]
*[[:Outreach:Education/News/May 2019/Meet Germany|Wiki Camp 'Meet Germany']]
*[[:Outreach:Education/News/May 2019/Seniors also count!|Seniors also count!]]
*[[:Outreach:Education/News/May 2019/Mandatory internship at Wikimedia Armenia|Mandatory internship at Wikimedia Armenia]]
*[[:Outreach:Education/News/May 2019/Wikimedia Experience Survey by VVIT WikiConnect|Wikimedia Experience Survey by VVIT WikiConnect]]
*[[:Outreach:Education/News/May 2019/OFWA Wikipedia Education Highlights April 2019|OFWA Wikipedia Education Highlights April 2019]]
*[[:Outreach:Education/News/May 2019/Wikimedia Education at &quot;Wikicamp Chattogram 2019&quot;|Wikimedia Education at &quot;Wikicamp Chattogram 2019&quot;]]
*[[:Outreach:Education/News/May 2019/Edit a thon about flora and fauna to celebrate the earth day|Edit a thon about flora and fauna to celebrate the earth day]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:16, 29 May 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: June 2019 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 8 &amp;#x2022; Issue 6 &amp;#x2022; June 2019&lt;/span&gt;

----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2019|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2019/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;

----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
*[[outreach:Education/News/June 2019/The introduction of the Wikipedia into the educational program has expanded|The introduction of the Wikipedia into the educational program has expanded]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/June 2019/Welcome Vasanthi|Welcome Vasanthi to the Education Team!]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/June 2019/Wikimedia Education SAARC Conference happening in India|Wikimedia Education SAARC Conference happening in India]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/June 2019/&quot;Won't somebody please think of the children?&quot;|&quot;Won't somebody please think of the children?&quot;]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/June 2019/The first Annual Report of VVIT WikiConnect|The first Annual Report of VVIT WikiConnect]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/June 2019/An effective collaboration of WikiClubs and schools|An effective collaboration of WikiClubs and schools]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/June 2019/Wikiclassroom: New way for students' inspiration|Wikiclassroom: New way for students' inspiration]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/June 2019/Wikipedia as a classroom activity kicks off in Kosovo|Wikipedia as a classroom activity kicks off in Kosovo]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 17:40, 6 July 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: July 2019 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 8 &amp;#x2022; Issue 7 &amp;#x2022; July 2019&lt;/span&gt;

----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2019|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2019/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;

----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
*[[:outreach:Education/News/July 2019/First WikiEducation gathering in Mexico|First WikiEducation gathering in Mexico]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/July 2019/SEABA school in India has hired a Wikimedian to teach Wikimedia project in their school.|SEABA school in India has hired a Wikimedian to teach Wikimedia project in their school.]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/July 2019/Selet WikiSchool: results of first half of 2019|Selet WikiSchool: results of first half of 2019]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/July 2019/Students Use Archival Documents in a Competition, WMIL|Students Use Archival Documents in a Competition, WMIL]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/July 2019/Stepanakert WikiClub: Meeting with the Speaker of the Artsakh Parliament - Ashot Ghoulian|Stepanakert WikiClub: Meeting with the Speaker of the Artsakh Parliament - Ashot Ghoulian]]

*[[:outreach:Education/News/July 2019/Collaboration with American University of Armenia|Collaboration with American University of Armenia]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/July 2019/Finalizing the Collaboration with Armenian Education Foundation|Finalizing the Collaboration with Armenian Education Foundation]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/July 2019/Wikimedia Education SAARC Conference Journey|Wikimedia Education SAARC Conference Journey]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 09:53, 30 July 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: August 2019 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 8 &amp;#x2022; Issue 8 &amp;#x2022; August 2019&lt;/span&gt;

----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/August 2019|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/August 2019/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;

----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2019/Summer WikiCamp for secondary school students 2019 in Armenia|Summer WikiCamp for secondary school students 2019 in Armenia]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2019/Together, we can create an environment that promotes Quality Education|Together, we can create an environment that promotes Quality Education]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2019/International Days and pop culture motivate primary and secondary education students to write on Wikipedia and Wikidata|International Days and pop culture motivate primary and secondary education students to write on Wikipedia and Wikidata]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2019/Quality learning and recruiting students at Edu Wiki camp|Quality learning and recruiting students at Edu Wiki camp]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2019/We spend such wonderful days in WikiCamps that noone wants to return home|We spend such wonderful days in WikiCamps that noone wants to return home]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 01:00, 5 September 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: September 2019 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 8 &amp;#x2022; Issue 9 &amp;#x2022; September 2019&lt;/span&gt;

----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2019|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2019/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;

----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
*[[:outreach:Education/News/September 2019/Learning history by expanding articles about novels|Learning history by expanding articles about novels]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/September 2019/Organizing the Education space at Wikimania 2019 - A conversation with Shani Evenstein|Organizing the Education space at Wikimania 2019 - A conversation with Shani Evenstein]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/September 2019/Wiki Goes to School is back in three cities in Indonesia|Wiki Goes to School is back in three cities in Indonesia]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/September 2019/Wikipedia workshop at the Summer IT School for Teachers|Wikipedia workshop at the Summer IT School for Teachers]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/September 2019/WikiChallenge Ecoles d'Afrique 2019 is over|WikiChallenge Ecoles d'Afrique 2019 is over]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/September 2019/Wikipedia Education Program launched in Bangladesh|Wikipedia Education Program held at Netrokona Government College, Bangladesh]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/September 2019/Stepanakert WikiClub turns 4!|Stepanakert WikiClub turns 4!]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/September 2019/Wikimedia Indonesia trained the trainers through WikiPelatih 2019|Wikimedia Indonesia trained the trainers through WikiPelatih 2019]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/September 2019/Students learning Wikipedia editing by attending Wikicamp at Nabran|Students learning Wikipedia editing by attending Wikicamp at Nabran]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/September 2019/What is happening at Wikimedia Space?|What is happening at Wikimedia Space?]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 19:34, 1 October 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: October 2019 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 8 &amp;#x2022; Issue 10 &amp;#x2022; October 2019&lt;/span&gt;

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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2019|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2019/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;

----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
*[[outreach:Education/News/October 2019/Wikimedia Chile launched its new online course for school teachers|Wikimedia Chile launched its new online course for school teachers]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/October 2019/Wikimedia Norway is developing an education program for Sámi students and universities teaching Sámi subjects|Wikimedia Norway is developing an education program for Sámi students and universities teaching Sámi subjects]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/October 2019/Teachers Association of the Republic of Indonesia (PGRI) Keeps Improving Teachers’ Digital Literacy Through the Use of Wikipedia|Teachers Association of the Republic of Indonesia (PGRI) Keeps Improving Teachers’ Digital Literacy Through the Use of Wikipedia]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/October 2019/Lectures on Wikipedia at the the University of Warsaw|Lectures on Wikipedia at the the University of Warsaw]]

*[[outreach:Education/News/October 2019/Wikicamp in Armenia through the Eyes of Foreigners| Wikicamp in Armenia through the Eyes of Foreigners]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/October 2019/New Wiki Education evaluation report of Wikidata courses published|New Wiki Education evaluation report of Wikidata courses published courses.]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/October 2019/Youth Salon by VVIT WikiConnect along with Wikipedia &amp; Education user group|Wikimedia 2030 Strategoy Youth Salon by VVIT WikiConnect]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/October 2019/Wikimedia &amp; Education Greenhouse – Highlights from the first unit of the online course|Wikimedia &amp; Education Greenhouse – Highlights from the first unit of the online courses.]]
*[[outreach:Education/News/September 2019/What is happening at Wikimedia Space?|What is happening at Wikimedia Space?]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 08:30, 25 October 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: November 2019 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 8 &amp;#x2022; Issue 11 &amp;#x2022; November 2019&lt;/span&gt;

----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2019|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2019/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;

----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2019/GOES for Ghana|Wikimedians aim to make a difference in the lives of students in Ghana with support from the Wikimedia &amp; Education Greenhouse]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2019/The Third &quot;Editatón WikiUNAM&quot;|The Third &quot;Editatón WikiUNAM&quot;]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2019/Spreading Free Knowledge in the Land of Minangkabau|Spreading Free Knowledge in the Land of Minangkabau]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2019/What can we learn from the Open Education movement about attaining educational SDG in the digital age?|What can we learn from the Open Education movement about attaining educational SDG in the digital age?]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2019/We are highlighting the work User:Ixocactus for his contributions in Wikimedia &amp; Education‎| We are highlighting the work of User:Ixocactus this month‎]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2019/“Olympic sports through history” on Serbian Wikipedia|“Olympic sports through history” on Serbian Wikipedia courses.]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2019/Workshops with Wiki Club members|Workshops with Wiki Club members]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2019/&quot;Learning about other Culture&quot; SEABA School, Lehragaga|&quot;Learning about other Culture&quot; SEABA School, Lehragaga.]]
*[[:outreach:Education/News/November 2019/What is happening at Wikimedia Space?|What is happening at Wikimedia Space?]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 03:15, 29 November 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: January 2020 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 9 &amp;bull; Issue 1 &amp;bull; January 2020&lt;/span&gt;

----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2019|Contents]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2019/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;bull; [[:m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;

----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/Featured education community member of January 2020|Meet this month's featured Wikimedia &amp; Education community member: User:Parvathisri]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/Alva's college collaboration|Alva's college collaboration]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/EtnoWiki strikes again!|EtnoWiki strikes again in Poland!]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/Internship program: Engaging New Volunteers to Join the Community|Internship program: Engaging New Volunteers to Join the Community]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/Joint translations as language studying tool in Karvachar’s Wikiclub|Joint translations as language studying tool in Karvachar’s Wikiclub]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/Selet WikiSchool introduces Wikinews and other Wikimedia projects|Selet WikiSchool introduces Wikinews and other Wikimedia projects]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/Training of Trainers for Teachers in South Sulawesi Was Organized For the First Time|Training of Trainers for Teachers in South Sulawesi Was Organized For the First Time]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/Twenty video tutorials in Serbian language on editing Wikipedia|Twenty video tutorials in Serbian language on editing Wikipedia]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/Updates from Wikimedia Education database edit-a-thon|Updates from Wikimedia Education database edit-a-thon]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/Wiki Club Ohrid grows|Wiki Club Ohrid grows]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/Wiki Masuk Sekolah (Wiki Goes to School) Involved the Students in Producing and Sharing Knowledge Through Wikipedia|Wiki Masuk Sekolah (Wiki Goes to School) Involved the Students in Producing and Sharing Knowledge Through Wikipedia]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/Wikiclassroom as a New Means of Gaining Knowledge|Wikiclassroom as a New Means of Gaining Knowledge]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/Wikimedia &amp; Education Greenhouse – Highlights from the second unit of the online course|Wikimedia &amp; Education Greenhouse – Highlights from the second unit of the online course]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/January 2020/WoALUG collaboration with educational institution BONEVET in Prishtina|WoALUG collaboration with educational institution BONEVET in Prishtina]]

&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:26, 3 February 2020 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: February 2020 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 9 &amp;#x2022; Issue 1 &amp;#x2022; February 2020&lt;/span&gt;
----&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2020|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2020/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;

* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2020/Featured education community member of February 2020|Featured education community member of February 2020]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2020/Wikipedia in Mayan Language|Wikipedia in Mayan Language]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2020/Open Education Week - events with Wikimedia Poland|Open Education Week - events with Wikimedia Poland]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2020/Youngest wikimedians ever editing Txikipedia|Youngest wikimedians ever editing Txikipedia]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2020/Fashion and digital citizenship at Bath Spa University|Fashion and digital citizenship at Bath Spa University]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2020/WoALUG and REC Albania continue their collaboration in Wikimedia Education|WoALUG and REC Albania continue their collaboration in Wikimedia Education]]
* [[:outreach:Education/News/February 2020/Respati Project|Respati Project]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:06, 3 March 2020 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: March 2020 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 9 &amp;#x2022; Issue 3 &amp;#x2022; March 2020&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2020|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2020/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/March 2020/An Update on Wikimedia Indonesia’s Education Program|An Update on Wikimedia Indonesia’s Education Program]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/March 2020/Education Program in CUC Sur, Jalisco, México|Education Program in CUC Sur, Jalisco, México]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/March 2020/Featured education community member of March 2020|Meet this month's featured Wikimedia &amp; Education community member: Amber Berson]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/March 2020/Enhancing Armenian Wikipedia with professional articles|Enhancing Armenian Wikipedia with professional articles]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/March 2020/How collaborations and perseverance contributed to an especially impactful educational project|How collaborations and perseverance contributed to an especially impactful educational project]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/March 2020/Wikimedia Argentina carried out the first training program in education and Human Rights for the Wikimedia Movement|Wikimedia Argentina carried out the first training program in education and Human Rights for the Wikimedia Movement]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:30, 30 March 2020 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: April 2020 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 9 &amp;#x2022; Issue 4 &amp;#x2022; April 2020&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2020|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2020/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/April 2020/ Wikipedia Reveals New Sides of Translation|Wikipedia Reveals New Sides of Translation]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/April 2020/Education Webinars organized by Wikimedia México|Education Webinars organized by Wikimedia México]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/April 2020/Fact checking tool with library under cc-license|Fact checking tool with library under cc-license]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/April 2020/Fast help for schools: An interactive platform for Open Educational Resources|Fast help for schools: An interactive platform for Open Educational Resources]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/April 2020/Featured education community member of April 2020|Meet this month's featured Wikimedia &amp; Education community member]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/April 2020/Wiki Club Ashesi Welcomes Onboard a New Patron|Wiki Club Ashesi Welcomes Onboard a New Patron]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/April 2020/Wiki-school project with Wikimedia Poland|Wiki-school. A new program for teachers in Poland]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/April 2020/Wikimedia Serbia was organized action on improving students assignments on Wikipedia|Wikimedia Serbia was organized action on improving students assignments on Wikipedia]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 10:45, 5 May 2020 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: May 2020 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 9 &amp;#x2022; Issue 5 &amp;#x2022; May 2020&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2020|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2020/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issuse&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/May 2020/EduWiki challenge México by Wikimedia México|EduWiki challenge México by Wikimedia México]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/May 2020/Featured education community member of May 2020|Featured education community member of May 2020]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/May 2020/Sharing Wikimedia Education Projects in the Philippines|Sharing Wikimedia Education Projects in the Philippines]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/May 2020/Turkish professors are giving Wikipedia assignments during Covid-19 days|Turkish professors are giving Wikipedia assignments during Covid-19 days]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/May 2020/Wikidata introduced in Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade|Wikidata introduced in Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/May 2020/Wikipedia as career counseling tool for teenagers|Wikipedia as career counseling tool for teenagers]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 16:39, 10 June 2020 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: June 2020 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 9 &amp;#x2022; Issue 6 &amp;#x2022; June 2020&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2020|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2020/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issuse&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/June 2020/Understanding Wikimedia Affiliates Evaluation in Education Report|Understanding Wikimedia Affiliates Evaluation in Education Report]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/June 2020/Understanding Wikimedia Community as Research Fellows|Understanding Wikimedia Community as Research Fellows]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/June 2020/Participants of Wiki/Ponder online workshop in Kosovo edit Wikipedia|Participants of Wiki/Ponder online workshop in Kosovo edit Wikipedia]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/June 2020/Wikimedia &amp; Education Greenhouse – Celebrating the final unit of the online course!|Wikimedia &amp; Education Greenhouse – Celebrating the final unit of the online course!]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/June 2020/Wikipedia in schools competing for innovations in teaching award|Wikipedia in schools competing for innovations in teaching award]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/June 2020/Featured education community member of June 2020|Meet this month's featured Wikimedia &amp; Education community member: Oleh Kushch]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 03:54, 24 June 2020 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: July 2020 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 9 &amp;#x2022; Issue 7 &amp;#x2022; July 2020&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2020|Contents]] &amp;#x2022; [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2020/Headlines|Headlines]] &amp;#x2022; [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issuse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/July 2020/About Education at the Wikimedia Polska Conference|About Education at the Wikimedia Polska Conference]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/July 2020/Featured education community member of July 2020|Featured education community member]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/July 2020/The importance of having an Education and Human Rights Program|The importance of having an Education and Human Rights Program]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/July 2020/The Welsh Wiki-Education project|The Welsh Wiki-Education project]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/July 2020/Wikimedia Chile faces the challenge of mandatory virtuality|Wikimedia Chile faces the challenge of mandatory virtuality]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/July 2020/WoALUG and Canadian Institute of Technology write about women in tech|WoALUG and Canadian Institute of Technology write about women in tech]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 05:27, 5 August 2020 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: August 2020 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 9 • Issue 8 • August 2020&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/August 2020|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/August 2020/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issuse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2020/Collaboration between Karvachar Armath laboratory and Karvachar’s Wikiclub as a new educational platform for the teenagers|Collaboration between Karvachar Armath laboratory and Karvachar’s Wikiclub as a new educational platform for the teenagers]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2020/Education cycle “Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: an instructional strategy for the teaching practice” organized by the Faculty of Education Sciences of the Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala and Wikimedia México.|Education cycle “Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: an instructional strategy for the teaching practice”]]

* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2020/3rd edition of Wikipedia Education Program in Hebron, Palestine. (COVID-19 edition)|3rd edition of Wikipedia Education Program in Hebron, Palestine. (COVID-19 edition)]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2020/Introductory Wikipedia Workshop with Future Engineers: First Step of Education Program|Introductory Wikipedia Workshop with Future Engineers: First Step of Education Program]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2020/A picture is worth a thousand words: history students research pictures on Commons|A picture is worth a thousand words: history students research pictures on Commons]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:33, 23 August 2020 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: September 2020 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 9 • Issue 9 • September 2020&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2020|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2020/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issuse&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/September 2020/Active autumn in the Polish wiki-education|Active autumn in the Polish wiki-education]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/September 2020/Cycle &quot;Caminos y voces de la educación con Wikipedia&quot;|Cycle &quot;Caminos y voces de la educación con Wikipedia&quot;]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/September 2020/Featured education community member of September 2020|Featured education community member of September 2020]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/September 2020/The Use of Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons as tool for Module Development in the Philippines|The Use of Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons as tool for Module Development in the Philippines]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/September 2020/Wikimedia Indonesia Education Team Launched Their Books About Wikipedia|Wikimedia Indonesia Education Team Launched Their Books About Wikipedia]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/September 2020/Wikimedia Serbia is organizing the first online Edu Wiki camp|Wikimedia Serbia is organizing the first online Edu Wiki camp]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:49, 23 September 2020 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: October 2020 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 9 • Issue 10 • October 2020&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2020|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2020/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issuse&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/October 2020/Collegiate Students Fight Historical Revisionism Through Online Wikipedia Edit-a-thon|Collegiate Students Fight Historical Revisionism Through Online Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/October 2020/Digital skills using Wikimedia Art + Feminism|Digital skills using Wikimedia Art + Feminism]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/October 2020/Editathon “¡No se olvida!” (We don’t forget!)|Editathon “¡No se olvida!” (We don’t forget!)]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/October 2020/Education news bytes|Education news bytes]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/October 2020/Featured education community member of October 2020|Featured education community member of October 2020]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/October 2020/Teaching Wikipedia at University of Tromsø with support from the Sámi Parliament|Teaching Wikipedia at University of Tromsø with support from the Sámi Parliament]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12:59, 25 October 2020 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: November 2020 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 9 • Issue 11 • November 2020&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/November 2020|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/November 2020/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issuse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/November 2020/Celebrating 10 years of student editing in the United States and Canada|Celebrating 10 years of student editing in the United States and Canada]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/November 2020/Cooperation in digital education – Wikimedia Polska conference|Cooperation in digital education – Wikimedia Polska conference]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/November 2020/Education Team 2020 Year End Review|Education Team 2020 Year End Review]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/November 2020/Featured education community members of 2020|Featured education community members of 2020]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/November 2020/Fifteen years of implementation of the Wikipedia Education Program in Serbia|Fifteen years of implementation of the Wikipedia Education Program in Serbia]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/November 2020/Hablon User Group and UP Internet Freedom Network Wikipedia Edit-a-thon|Hablon User Group and UP Internet Freedom Network Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/November 2020/Online trainings on Wikipedia with high school students of Kosova|Online trainings on Wikipedia with high school students of Kosova]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/November 2020/Photographics and free culture training in Cameroon and Switzerland|Photographics and free culture training in Cameroon and Switzerland]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/November 2020/The article about Wiki-education in the science magazine|The article about Wiki-education in the science magazine]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/November 2020/The first Online EduWiki Camp in Serbia|The first Online EduWiki Camp in Serbia]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/November 2020/Wikimedia Mexico’s Education Program celebrates Open Access Week 2020|Wikimedia Mexico’s Education Program celebrates Open Access Week 2020]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/November 2020/Wikipedia as a Tool to Educate and to Be Educated|Wikipedia as a Tool to Educate and to Be Educated]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 07:14, 17 December 2020 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: January 2021 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 10 • Issue 1 • January 2021&lt;/span&gt;
----&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2021|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2021/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[metawiki:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issuse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/January 2021/Featured education community member of January 2021|Featured education community member of January 2021]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/January 2021/Open Education Global 2020 Conference|Open Education Global 2020 Conference]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/January 2021/Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia|Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/January 2021/The impact of war on young Wikimedians in Stepanakert|The impact of war on young Wikimedians in Stepanakert]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/January 2021/The Possibility of Open-Access Learning Portals in the Philippines|The Possibility of Open-Access Learning Portals in the Philippines]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/January 2021/Training Resources about Author’s Rights published by Wiki in Africa|Training Resources about Author’s Rights published by Wiki in Africa]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 17:26, 23 January 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: January 2021 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 10 • Issue 1 • January 2021&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2021|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/January 2021/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issuse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/January 2021/Featured education community member of January 2021|Featured education community member of January 2021]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/January 2021/Open Education Global 2020 Conference|Open Education Global 2020 Conference]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/January 2021/Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia|Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/January 2021/The impact of war on young Wikimedians in Stepanakert|The impact of war on young Wikimedians in Stepanakert]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/January 2021/The Possibility of Open-Access Learning Portals in the Philippines|The Possibility of Open-Access Learning Portals in the Philippines]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/January 2021/Training Resources about Author’s Rights published by Wiki in Africa|Training Resources about Author’s Rights published by Wiki in Africa]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 15:35, 24 January 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: February 2021 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 10 • Issue 2 • February 2021&lt;/span&gt;
----&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2021|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/February 2021/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[metawiki:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issuse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/February 2021/Education news bytes|Wikimedia Education news bytes]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/February 2021/Featured education community member of February 2021|Featured education community member of February 2021]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/February 2021/Karvachar Wikiclub continues its activities online|Karvachar Wikiclub continues its activities online]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/February 2021/Over 4,000 references added|Over 4,000 more references added! 1Lib1Ref campaign in Poland]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/February 2021/Philippines Climate Change Translate-a-thon|Philippines Climate Change Translate-a-thon]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 07:33, 24 February 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: March 2021 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 10 • Issue 3 • March 2021&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2021|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/March 2021/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issuse&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/March 2021/A Wikipedia Webinar for Indonesian Women Teachers|A Wikipedia Webinar for Indonesian Women Teachers]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/March 2021/Educational program of GLAM Macedonia|Educational program of GLAM Macedonia]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/March 2021/Filling Gaps - the Conference about Education in Poland|Filling the Gaps &amp; Open Education Week]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/March 2021/Featured education community member of March 2021|Meet this month's featured Wikimedia &amp; Education community member: Bara'a Zama'reh]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/March 2021/Using Wikipedia and Bridging the Gender Gap: In-Service training for Teachers in Philippines|Using Wikipedia and Bridging the Gender Gap: In-Service training for Teachers in Philippines]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11:46, 26 March 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: April 2021 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 10 • Issue 4 • April 2021&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2021|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/April 2021/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issuse&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/April 2021/Collaboration with Brusov State University|Collaboration with Brusov State University]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/April 2021/Editing contest &quot;Meet Russia&quot;|Editing contest &quot;Meet Russia&quot;]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/April 2021/Educational project: Wikipedia at the University with the University Center for Economic-Administrative Sciences|Educational project: Wikipedia at the University with the University Center for Economic-Administrative Sciences (Centro Universitario de Ciencias Económico Administrativas (CUCEA)) of the University of Guadalajara]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/April 2021/Regional Meeting of Latin American Education by the EWOC|Regional Meeting of Latin American Education by the EWOC]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/April 2021/Students of the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade have started an internship program|Students of the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade have started an internship program]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 22:48, 25 April 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: May 2021 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 10 • Issue 5 • May 2021&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2021|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/May 2021/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/May 2021/A Multimedia-Rich Wikiversity MOOC from Brazil|A Multimedia-Rich Wikiversity MOOC from Brazil]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/May 2021/Featured education community member of May 2021|Meet this month's featured Wikimedia &amp; Education community member: Maria Weronika Kmoch]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/May 2021/Offline workshop with Nikola Koperniku High School in Albania|Offline workshop with Nikola Koperniku High School in Albania]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/May 2021/Wiki Education Program Organized with the University Students for the First time in Bangladesh|Wiki Education Program Organized with the University Students for the First time in Bangladesh]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/May 2021/Wikimedia Commons workshop with high school students in Kosovo; Workshop with telecommunication students at University of Prishtina|Wikimedia Commons workshop with high school students in Kosovo]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/May 2021/Wikipedia training for the Safeguardians of the Intangible Cultular Heritage|Wikipedia training for the Bearers of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Poland]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/May 2021/“Writing a Wikipedia article isn’t as difficult and unimaginable as it seems”: A case for Wikipedia Education Program in Ukraine|“Writing a Wikipedia article isn’t as difficult and unimaginable as it seems”: A case for Wikipedia Education Program in Ukraine]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 17:37, 27 May 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: June 2021 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 10 • Issue 6 • June 2021&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2021|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/June 2021/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/June 2021/Children writing for an encyclopedia – is it possible?|Can children write articles for a wiki encyclopedia?]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/June 2021/Editing contest &quot;Biosphere reserves in the world&quot;|Editing contest &quot;Biosphere reserves in the world&quot;]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/June 2021/Training &amp; workshop on Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons with students from Municipal Learning Center, Gurrakoc|Training &amp; workshop on Wikidata and Wikimedia Commons with students from Municipal Learning Center, Gurrakoc]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/June 2021/Wiki for Human Rights Campaign in the Philippines|Wiki for Human Rights Campaign in the Philippines]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/June 2021/Wiki-School program in Poland at the end of school year|Wikipedia makes children and teachers happy!]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/June 2021/Workshop with students of Language Faculty of Philology, University of Prishtina &quot;Hasan Prishtina&quot;|Workshop with the students of Language Faculty of Philology, University of Prishtina &quot;Hasan Prishtina&quot;]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 19:57, 23 June 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: July 2021 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 10 • Issue 7 • July 2021&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2021|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/July 2021/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/July 2021/UHI Editathon celebrates 10 years as a university|University celebrates 10th anniversary with an Editathon]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/July 2021/A paper on Students' Attitudes Towards the Use of Wikipedia|A paper on Students' Attitudes Towards the Use of Wikipedia]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/July 2021/Announcing the Training of Trainers program for Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom!|Announcing the Training of Trainers program for &quot;Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom&quot;]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/July 2021/MOOC Conocimiento Abierto y Software Libre|MOOC Conocimiento Abierto y Software Libre]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/July 2021/Leamos Wikipedia en Bolivia|Updates on the Leamos Wikipedia en Bolivia 2021]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/July 2021/E-lessons on Wikipedia from Wikimedia Polska|Virtual lessons on Wikipedia from Wikimedia Polska for schools]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 19:32, 3 August 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: August 2021 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 10 • Issue 8 • August 2021&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/August 2021|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/August 2021/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2021/Workshop for the Teachers from Poland|GLAM-wiki Summer in the City: Polish Teachers met in Warsaw]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2021/Wikipedia for School – our largest article contest for Ukrainian teachers|Wikipedia for School – our largest article contest for Ukrainian teachers]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2021/The importance of Social Service: Modality of educational linkage with ITESM, Querétaro campus and Wikimedia Mexico|The importance of Social Service: Modality of educational linkage with ITESM, Querétaro campus and Wikimedia Mexico]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2021/&quot;Searching for the unschooling vibes around Wikipedia&quot; at the Wikimania 2021|Wikimania 2021 and the unschooling vibes around Wikipedia by Wikimedia Polska, Education team]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/August 2021/Open Foundation West Africa Introduces KIWIX Offline to the National Association of Graduate Teachers|Open Foundation West Africa Introduces KIWIX Offline to the National Association of Graduate Teachers]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 13:37, 25 August 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: September 2021 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 10 • Issue 9 • September 2021&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2021|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/September 2021/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/September 2021/Cultural history on Wikipedia|Cultural history on Wikipedia]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/September 2021/Education program in Ukraine is finally back to offline|Education program in Ukraine is finally back to offline!]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/September 2021/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Module Distribution in the Philippines|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Module Distribution in the Philippines]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/September 2021/Senior Citizens WikiTown 2021: Týn nad Vltavou|Senior Citizens WikiTown 2021: Týn nad Vltavou]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/September 2021/WikiXLaEducación: New contest to include articles about education on Wikipedia|#WikiXLaEducación: New contest to include articles about education on Wikipedia]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 19:42, 26 September 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: October 2021 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 10 • Issue 10 • October 2021&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2021|Contents]] • [[outreach:Education/Newsletter/October 2021/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[outreach:Education/News/October 2021/1st joint contest Wikimedia UG Georgia and the Ministry of Education of Georgia.|1st joint contest Wikimedia UG Georgia and the Ministry of Education of Georgia]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/October 2021/Promoting more inclusive and equitable support for the Wikimedia Education community|Promoting more inclusive and equitable support for the Wikimedia Education community]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/October 2021/The Second Online EduWiki Camp in Serbia|The Second Online EduWiki Camp in Serbia]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/October 2021/University courses in the UK|Higher and further education courses in the UK]]
* [[outreach:Education/News/October 2021/Wikipedia on Silesia Cieszyn in Poland|Wikipedia on Silesia Cieszyn in Poland and in Czech Republic]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:40, 26 October 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: November 2021 ==

{| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 10 • Issue 11 • November 2021&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/November 2021|Contents]] • [[m:Education/Newsletter/November 2021/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Education/News/November 2021/We talked about EduWiki Outreach Collaborators and how Wikimedia Serbia played a role being a part of it|We talked about EduWiki Outreach Collaborators and how Wikimedia Serbia played a role being a part of it]]
* [[m:Education/News/November 2021/Welcome to Meta!|Welcome to Meta!]]
* [[m:Education/News/November 2021/Wikipedia Education Program in Ukraine in 2021|Wikipedia Education Program in Ukraine in 2021]]
* [[m:Education/News/November 2021/Wikipedia and Education Mentorship Program-Serbia and Philippines Partnership|Wikipedia and Education Mentorship Program-Serbia and Philippines Partnership]]
* [[m:Education/News/November 2021/Launch of the Wikimedia Research Fund!|Launch of the Wikimedia Research Fund!]]
* [[m:Education/News/November 2021/Education projects in the Land of Valencia|Education projects in the Land of Valencia]]
* [[m:Education/News/November 2021/A Hatch-Tyap-Wikipedia In-person Training Event|A Hatch-Tyap-Wikipedia In-person Training Event]]
* [[m:Education/News/November 2021/Celebrating Sq Wikipedia Birthday with the Vasil Kamami High School students|Celebrating Sq Wikipedia Birthday with the Vasil Kamami High School students]]
* [[m:Education/News/November 2021/Celebrating Wikidata with the Nikola Koperniku High School students|Celebrating Wikidata with the Nikola Koperniku High School students]]
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 16:18, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: January 2022 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 11 • Issue 1 • January 2022&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2022|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2022/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2022/30-h Wikipedia Article Writing Challenge|30-h Wikipedia Article Writing Challenge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2022/Announcing Wiki Workshop 2022|Announcing Wiki Workshop 2022]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2022/Final exhibition about Cieszyn Silesia region|Final exhibition about Cieszyn Silesia region]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2022/Join us this February for the EduWiki Week|Join us this February for the EduWiki Week]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2022/Offline Education project WikiChallenge closed its third edition|Offline Education project WikiChallenge closed its third edition]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2022/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom ToT Experience of a Filipina Wikimedian|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom ToT Experience of a Filipina Wikimedian]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2022/Welcoming new trainers of the Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom program|Welcoming new trainers of the Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2022/Wikimedia Israel’s education program: Students enrich Hebrew Wiktionary with Biblical expressions still in use in modern Hebrew|Wikimedia Israel’s education program: Students enrich Hebrew Wiktionary with Biblical expressions still in use in modern Hebrew]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 17:28, 24 January 2022 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: February 2022 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; {{int:please-translate}}
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 11 • Issue 2 • February 2022&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2022|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2022/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2022/Open Foundation West Africa Expands Open Movement With UHAS|Open Foundation West Africa Expands Open Movement With UHAS]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2022/Celebrating the 18th anniversary of Ukrainian Wikipedia|Celebrating the 18th anniversary of Ukrainian Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2022/Integrating Wikipedia in the academic curriculum in a university in Mexico|Integrating Wikipedia in the academic curriculum in a university in Mexico]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2022/Results of &quot;Reading Wikipedia&quot; workshop in the summer school of Plan Ceibal in Uruguay|Results of &quot;Reading Wikipedia&quot; workshop in the summer school of Plan Ceibal in Uruguay]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2022/WikiFundi, offline editing plateform : last release notes and how-tos|WikiFundi, offline editing plateform : last release notes and how-tos]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2022/Writing Wikipedia as an academic assignment in STEM fields|Writing Wikipedia as an academic assignment in STEM fields]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2022/The Learning and Connection – 1Lib1Ref with African Librarians|The Learning and Connection – 1Lib1Ref with African Librarians]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:09, 28 February 2022 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: March 2022 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 11 • Issue 3 • March 2022&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2022|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2022/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2022/Arte+Feminismo Pilipinas:Advocacy on Women Empowerment|Arte+Feminismo Pilipinas:Advocacy on Women Empowerment]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2022/The edit-a-thon on Serbian Wikipedia on the occasion of Edu Wiki Week|The edit-a-thon on Serbian Wikipedia on the occasion of Edu Wiki Week]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2022/Call for Participation: Higher Education Survey|Call for Participation: Higher Education Survey]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2022/Collection of Good Practices in Wikipedia Education|Collection of Good Practices in Wikipedia Education]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2022/Conversation: Open education in the Wikimedia Movement views from Latin America|Conversation: Open education in the Wikimedia Movement views from Latin America]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2022/EduWiki Week 2022, celebrations and learnings|EduWiki Week 2022, celebrations and learnings]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2022/EduWiki Week in Armenia|EduWiki Week in Armenia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2022/Open Education Week at the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León|Open Education Week at the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2022/Wikipedia + Education Talk With Leonard Hagan|Wikipedia + Education Talk With Leonard Hagan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2022/Wikimedia Israel cooperates with Yad Vashem in developing a training course for teachers|Wikimedia Israel cooperates with Yad Vashem in developing a training course for teachers]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 16:57, 25 March 2022 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: April 2022 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 11 • Issue 4 • April 2022&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2022|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2022/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2022/Audio-Educational Seminar of Wikimedia Mexico|Audio-Educational Seminar of Wikimedia Mexico]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2022/Dagbani Wikimedians using digital TV broadcast to train Wikipedia contributors in Ghana|Dagbani Wikimedians using digital TV broadcast to train Wikipedia contributors in Ghana]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2022/Digital Education &amp; The Open Space With Herbert Acheampong|Digital Education &amp; The Open Space With Herbert Acheampong]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2022/HerStory walks as a part of edit-a-thons|HerStory walks as a part of edit-a-thons]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2022/Join us for Wiki Workshop 2022|Join us for Wiki Workshop 2022]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2022/The youngest member of Tartu Wikiclub is 15-year-old student|The youngest member of Tartu Wikiclub is 15-year-old student]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 12:51, 24 April 2022 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: May 2022 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 11 • Issue 5 • May 2022&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2022|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2022/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;

* [[Education/News/May 2022/Wiki Hackathon in Kwara State|Wiki Hackathon in Kwara State]]
* [[Education/News/May 2022/Introduction of the Wikimedia Fan Club to Kwara State University Malete|Introduction of the Wikimedia Fan Club to Kwara State University Malete]]
* [[Education/News/May 2022/Education in Kosovo|Education in Kosovo]]
* [[Education/News/May 2022/Bringing the Wikiprojects to the Island of Catanduanes|Bringing the Wikiprojects to the Island of Catanduanes]]
* [[Education/News/May 2022/Tyap Wikipedia Goes Live|Tyap Wikipedia Goes Live]]
* [[Education/News/May 2022/Spring 1Lib1Ref edition in Poland|Spring 1Lib1Ref edition in Poland]]
* [[Education/News/May 2022/Tyap Editors Host Maiden Wiktionary In-person Training Workshop|Tyap Editors Host Maiden Wiktionary In-person Training Workshop]]
* [[Education/News/May 2022/Wikibooks project in teaching|Wikibooks project in teaching]]
* [[Education/News/May 2022/Africa Eduwiki Network Hosted Conversation about Wikimedian in Education with Nebojša Ratković|Africa Eduwiki Network Hosted Conversation about Wikimedian in Education with Nebojša Ratković]]
* [[Education/News/May 2022/My Journey In The Wiki-Space By Thomas Baah|My Journey In The Wiki-Space By Thomas Baah]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education| Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 02:43, 1 June 2022 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: May 2022 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:40px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:20px; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width:900px;&quot;&gt; Volume 11 • Issue 5 • May 2022&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:larger;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2022|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2022/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;color:white; font-size:26px; font-family:Montserrat; display:block; background:#92BFB1; width:100%;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em; -moz-column-count: 2; -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;

* [[m:Education/News/May 2022/Wiki Hackathon in Kwara State|Wiki Hackathon in Kwara State]]
* [[m:Education/News/May 2022/Introduction of the Wikimedia Fan Club to Kwara State University Malete|Introduction of the Wikimedia Fan Club to Kwara State University Malete]]
* [[m:Education/News/May 2022/Education in Kosovo|Education in Kosovo]]
* [[m:Education/News/May 2022/Bringing the Wikiprojects to the Island of Catanduanes|Bringing the Wikiprojects to the Island of Catanduanes]]
* [[m:Education/News/May 2022/Tyap Wikipedia Goes Live|Tyap Wikipedia Goes Live]]
* [[m:Education/News/May 2022/Spring 1Lib1Ref edition in Poland|Spring 1Lib1Ref edition in Poland]]
* [[m:Education/News/May 2022/Tyap Editors Host Maiden Wiktionary In-person Training Workshop|Tyap Editors Host Maiden Wiktionary In-person Training Workshop]]
* [[m:Education/News/May 2022/Wikibooks project in teaching|Wikibooks project in teaching]]
* [[m:Education/News/May 2022/Africa Eduwiki Network Hosted Conversation about Wikimedian in Education with Nebojša Ratković|Africa Eduwiki Network Hosted Conversation about Wikimedian in Education with Nebojša Ratković]]
* [[m:Education/News/May 2022/My Journey In The Wiki-Space By Thomas Baah|My Journey In The Wiki-Space By Thomas Baah]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education| Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 02:54, 1 June 2022 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: June 2022 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 11 • Issue 6 • June 2022&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2022|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2022/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2022/Black Lunch Table: Black History Month with Igbo Wikimedians User Group|Black Lunch Table: Black History Month with Igbo Wikimedians User Group]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2022/Bolivian Teachers Welcomed Wikipedia in their Classroom|Bolivian Teachers Welcomed Wikipedia in their Classroom]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2022/Educational program &amp; Wikivoyage in Ukrainian University|Educational program &amp; Wikivoyage in Ukrainian University]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2022/The Great Learning and Connection: Experience from AFLIA|The Great Learning and Connection: Experience from AFLIA]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2022/New Mexico Students Join Wikimedia Movement Through WikiForHumanRights Campaign|New Mexico Students Join Wikimedia Movement Through WikiForHumanRights Campaign]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2022/The school wiki-project run by a 15 year old student came to an end|The school wiki-project run by a 15 year old student came to an end]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2022/The students of Kadir Has University, Istanbul contribute Wikimedia projects in &quot;Civic Responsibility Project&quot; course|The students of Kadir Has University, Istanbul contribute Wikimedia projects in &quot;Civic Responsibility Project&quot; course]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2022/Wiki Trip with Vasil Kamami Wikiclub to Berat, the town of one thousand windows|Wiki Trip with Vasil Kamami Wikiclub to Berat, the town of one thousand windows]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2022/Wikiclubs in Albania|Wikiclubs in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2022/Wikidata in the classroom FGGC Bwari Experience|Wikidata in the classroom FGGC Bwari Experience]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2022/Wikipedia and Secondary Schools in Aotearoa New Zealand|Wikipedia and Secondary Schools in Aotearoa New Zealand]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2022/А large-scale online course for teaching beginners to work in Wikipedia has been developed in Russia|А large-scale online course for teaching beginners to work in Wikipedia has been developed in Russia]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 18:50, 4 July 2022 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: July 2022 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 11 • Issue 7 • July 2022&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2022|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2022/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2022/Wikimedia Chile launched a teacher guidebook with Wiki tools for Heritage Education|Wikimedia Chile launched a teacher guidebook with Wiki tools for Heritage Education]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2022/Wikimedia Serbia received a new accreditation for the professional development program|Wikimedia Serbia received a new accreditation for the professional development program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2022/Wikimedia for Illiterate Persons|Wikimedia for Illiterate Persons]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2022/EtnoWiki edit-a-thon in Poland|Polish Wikipedia is enriched with new EtnoWiki content]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2022/Career Education through Wikipedia|Career Education through Wikipedia]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 17:38, 3 August 2022 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: August 2022 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 11 • Issue 8 • August 2022&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2022|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2022/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2022/The Making of a Certified Trainer of Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom|The Making of a Certified Trainer of Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2022/Wikimania SDGs 2022: The Kwara Experience|Wikimania SDGs 2022: The Kwara Experience]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2022/An adapted Module teacher’s guide in Yoruba and English about Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom in Nigeria is now available on Commons|An adapted Module teacher’s guide in Yoruba and English about Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom in Nigeria is now available on Commons]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2022/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Kwara, Nigeria: The Trainers Experience|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Kwara, Nigeria: The Trainers Experience]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2022/Edu Wiki Camp 2022 in Serbia: Together again|Edu Wiki Camp 2022 in Serbia: Together again]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2022/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Program Nigeria: The Teacher experience |Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Program Nigeria: The Teacher experience]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2022/Wiki For Senior Citizens|Wiki For Senior Citizens]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2022/WikiLoves SDGs Nigeria Tours Kwara State University Malete|WikiLoves SDGs Nigeria Tours Kwara State University Malete]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2022/Wikiteka project in Poland - summertime|Wikiteka project in Poland - summertime]]
&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: September 2022 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 11 • Issue 9 • September 2022&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2022|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2022/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2022/OpenEdu.ch: centralising training documents, a platform for the teachers' community in Switzerland|OpenEdu.ch: centralising training documents, a platform for the teachers' community in Switzerland]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2022/Senior Citizens WikiTown 2022: Exploring Olomouc and its heritage|Senior Citizens WikiTown 2022: Exploring Olomouc and its heritage]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2022/Wikimedia Research Fund|Wikimedia Research Fund]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2022/Wikimedia Youths Commemorate the International Youth Day 2022 in an exciting way across the globe|Wikimedia Youths Commemorate the International Youth Day 2022 in an exciting way across the globe]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2022/Wikipedia, Education, and the Crisis of Information|Wikipedia, Education, and the Crisis of Information]]
&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: End of the 2022 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 11 • Issue 10 • October–November 2022&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/End of the 2022|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/End of the 2022/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2022/2nd Latin American Regional Meeting on Education|2nd Latin American Regional Meeting on Education]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2022/Adopting Wikipedia for Secondary School Students in Nigeria Classroom|Adopting Wikipedia for Secondary School Students in Nigeria Classroom]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2022/Celebrating 2022 Vibrance in Kwara State University Malete|Celebrating 2022 Vibrance in Kwara State University Malete]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2022/Celebrating the Wikipedia and Wikidata Birthday in school|Celebrating the Wikipedia and Wikidata Birthday in school]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2022/Report on school libraries in Poland for the Wikiteka project|Report on school libraries in Poland for the Wikiteka project]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2022/Wiki For Senior Citizens Network|Wiki For Senior Citizens Network]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2022/WikiEducation, Educational practices and experiences in Mexico with Wikipedia and other open resources|WikiEducation, Educational practices and experiences in Mexico with Wikipedia and other open resources]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2022/Wikimedia &amp; Education Workshops: a Wiki Movimento Brasil initiative|Wikimedia &amp; Education Workshops: a Wiki Movimento Brasil initiative]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2022/An event at the National History Museum in Tirana|An event at the National History Museum in Tirana]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2022/Students 24-hour competition on Wikipedia article writing|Students 24-hour competition on Wikipedia article writing]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2022/Wiki-Data a Giant at 10|Wiki-Data a Giant at 10]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2022/WikiGraphers: Visualizing Open Knowledge|WikiGraphers: Visualizing Open Knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2022/Wikimedia Israel’s Educational Innovation: “Students Write Wikipedia” as a Matriculation-Exam Alternative|Wikimedia Israel’s Educational Innovation: “Students Write Wikipedia” as a Matriculation-Exam Alternative]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2022/Wikimedia Morocco User Group Empowers Moroccan Teachers to Use Wikipedia in the Classroom |Wikimedia Morocco User Group Empowers Moroccan Teachers to Use Wikipedia in the Classroom]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2022/Wikimedia Russia has released the &quot;Introduction to Wikipedia&quot; textbook|Wikimedia Russia has released the &quot;Introduction to Wikipedia&quot; textbook]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2022/“Wikipedia for School” contest was held in Ukraine for the third time|“Wikipedia for School” contest was held in Ukraine for the third time]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2022/Announcing the Wikipedia &amp; Education User Group Election Results|Announcing the Wikipedia &amp; Education User Group Election Results]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 06:56, 19 December 2022 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: January 2023 ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 1 • January 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2023/Educational Projects 2023-1 in Mexico|Educational Projects 2023-1 in Mexico]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2023/Integration of Wikipedia in Ukrainian universities – teacher-led and student-led|Integration of Wikipedia in Ukrainian universities – teacher-led and student-led]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2023/Transitional Justice in Kosovo edit-a-thon and Partnership with Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering - University of Prishtina|Transitional Justice in Kosovo edit-a-thon and Partnership with Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering - University of Prishtina]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2023/Wikidata Citation Hunt Program for secondary school students, Dubai|Wikidata Citation Hunt Program for secondary school students, Dubai]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2023/Wikipedia edit-a-thon with students from Art Faculty - University of Prishtina|Wikipedia edit-a-thon with students from Art Faculty - University of Prishtina]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2023/Тeacher from Belgrade got a reward for using Wikibooks in teaching|Тeacher from Belgrade got a reward for using Wikibooks in teaching]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 17:32, 6 February 2023 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: February 2023 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 2 • February 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2023/A Strategic Direction for a Massive Online Course for Educators in Brazil|A Strategic Direction for a Massive Online Course for Educators in Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2023/Alliance Funding for Wikipedia as a school resource in Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland, New Zealand|Alliance Funding for Wikipedia as a school resource in Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland, New Zealand]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2023/Call for Submissions to Wiki Workshop 2023|Call for Submissions to Wiki Workshop 2023]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2023/Collaboration with Charles University on the creation of Czech Wikipedia started in January|Collaboration with Charles University on the creation of Czech Wikipedia started in January]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2023/Open Education Week 2023 in the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program|Open Education Week 2023 in the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2023/Wikiclubs with different schools in Albania |Wikiclubs with different schools in Albania]]
&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: March 2023 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 3 • March 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Audio-seminar project of the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program|Audio-seminar project of the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Empowering Nigerian Female Artists: Through Art &amp; Feminism Edith-A-Thon at KWASU Fan Club|Empowering Nigerian Female Artists: Through Art &amp; Feminism Edith-A-Thon at KWASU Fan Club]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Exploring How Wikipedia Works|Exploring How Wikipedia Works]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Florida graduate students complete Library History edit-a-thon for credit|Florida graduate students complete Library History edit-a-thon for credit]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Improving hearing health content in Brazil|Improving hearing health content in Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Media Literacy Portal to become a key resource for media education in Czech Libraries |Media Literacy Portal to become a key resource for media education in Czech Libraries]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikeys in the Albanian language|Wikeys in the Albanian language]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimarathon is an opportunity to involve students and teachers in creating and editing articles in Wikipedia|Wikimarathon is an opportunity to involve students and teachers in creating and editing articles in Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimedia Polska short report|Wikimedia Polska short report]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimedia Serbia participated in the State Seminar of the The Mathematical Society of Serbia|Wikimedia Serbia participated in the State Seminar of the The Mathematical Society of Serbia]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 18:45, 8 April 2023 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: April 2023 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 4 • April 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Auckland Museum Alliance fund project update|Auckland Museum Alliance fund project update]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Introducing Wikipedia to Kusaal Language Teachers|Introducing Wikipedia to Kusaal Language Teachers]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/KWASU Fan Club Leads the Way in 21st Century Learning with Wiki in School Program|KWASU Fan Club Leads the Way in 21st Century Learning with Wiki in School Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/On-line Courses for Educators in Poland|On-line Courses for Educators in Poland]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Online meeting of Ukrainian educators working with Wikipedia – four perspectives|Online meeting of Ukrainian educators working with Wikipedia – four perspectives]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikiclubs Editathon in Elbasan, Albania |Wikiclubs Editathon in Elbasan, Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikipedia at the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad|Wikipedia at the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikipedia at the University of Łódź Information Management Conference|Wikipedia at the University of Łódź Information Management Conference]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 16:27, 23 May 2023 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: June 2023 ==

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&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 5 • June 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Africa Day 2023: Abuja Teachers celebrates|Africa Day 2023: Abuja Teachers celebrates]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/From editing articles to civic power – Wikimedia UK's research on democracy and Wikipedia|From editing articles to civic power – Wikimedia UK's research on democracy and Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Program in Yemen Brings Positive Impact to Yemeni Teachers|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Program in Yemen Brings Positive Impact to Yemeni Teachers]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Using Wikipedia in education: students' and teachers' view|Using Wikipedia in education: students' and teachers' view]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/The Journey of Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Lagos State|The Journey of Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Lagos State]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/WMB goes to Serbia |WMB goes to Serbia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/But we don't want it to end!|But we don't want it to end!]]
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== This Month in Education: July 2023 ==

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&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 7 • July 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia Kaduna Connect Campaign|Wikimedia Kaduna Connect Campaign]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia Serbia published a paper Promoting Equity in Access to Open Knowledge: An Example of the Wikipedia Educational Program|Wikimedia Serbia published a paper Promoting Equity in Access to Open Knowledge: An Example of the Wikipedia Educational Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia and Education Kailali Multiple campus|Wikimedia and Education Kailali Multiple campus]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/WikiCamp in Istog, Kosovo: Promoting Knowledge and Nature Appreciation|WikiCamp in Istog, Kosovo: Promoting Knowledge and Nature Appreciation]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wiki at the Brazilian National History Symposium|Wiki at the Brazilian National History Symposium]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/US &amp; Canada program reaches 100M words added |US &amp; Canada program reaches 100M words added]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Renewed Community Wikiconference brought together experienced Wikipedians and newcomers|Renewed Community Wikiconference brought together experienced Wikipedians and newcomers]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Kusaal Wikipedia Workshop at Ajumako Campus, University of Education, Winneba|Kusaal Wikipedia Workshop at Ajumako Campus, University of Education, Winneba]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Join us to celebrate the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program Graduation Ceremony|Join us to celebrate the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program Graduation Ceremony]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Activities that took place during the presentation of the WikiEducation book|Activities that took place during the presentation of the WikiEducation book. Educational practices and experiences in Mexico with Wikipedia and other open resources in Xalala, Veracruz from the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/62+ Participants Graduates from the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program|62+ Participants Graduates from the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/“Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” course launched in Ukraine|“Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” course launched in Ukraine]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/OFWA and Goethe Institute Host Wiki Skills For Librarians Workshop-Ghana|OFWA and Goethe Institute Host Wiki Skills For Librarians Workshop-Ghana]]
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&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:32, 14 August 2023 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: September 2023 ==

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&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 7 • September 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Inauguration of the Kent Wiki Club at the Wikimania 2023 Conference|Inauguration of the Kent Wiki Club at the Wikimania 2023 Conference]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Letter Magic: Supercharging Your WikiEducation Programs|Letter Magic: Supercharging Your WikiEducation Programs]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Réseau @pprendre (Learning Network) : The Initiative for Educational Change in Francophone West Africa|Réseau @pprendre (Learning Network) : The Initiative for Educational Change in Francophone West Africa]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/WikiChallenge Ecoles d’Afrique closes its 5th edition with 13 winning schools|WikiChallenge Ecoles d’Afrique closes its 5th edition with 13 winning schools]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/WikiConecta: connecting Brazilian university professors and Wikimedia|WikiConecta: connecting Brazilian university professors and Wikimedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Wikimedia Germany launches interactive event series Open Source AI in Education |Wikimedia Germany launches interactive event series Open Source AI in Education]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 05:01, 10 October 2023 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: October 2023 ==

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&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Volume 12 • Issue 8 • October 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/3 Generations at Wikipedia Education Program in Türkiye|3 Generations at Wikipedia Education Program in Türkiye]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/CBSUA Launches Wiki Education in Partnership with PhilWiki Community and Bikol Wikipedia Community|CBSUA Launches Wiki Education in Partnership with PhilWiki Community and Bikol Wikipedia Community]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Celebrating Wikidata’s Birthday in Elbasan|Celebrating Wikidata’s Birthday in Elbasan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Edu Wiki Camp 2023 - together in Sremski Karlovci|Edu Wiki Camp 2023 - together in Sremski Karlovci]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/PhilWiki Community promotes language preservation and cultural heritage advocacies at ADNU|PhilWiki Community promotes language preservation and cultural heritage advocacies at ADNU]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/PunjabWiki Education Program: A Wikipedia Adventure in Punjab|PunjabWiki Education Program: A Wikipedia Adventure in Punjab]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/WikiConference on Education ignites formation of Wikimedia communities|WikiConference on Education ignites formation of Wikimedia communities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikimedia Estonia talked about education at CEE meeting in Tbilisi|Wikimedia Estonia talked about education at CEE meeting in Tbilisi]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikimedia in Brazil is going to be a book|Wikimedia in Brazil is going to be a book]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikipedian Editor Project: Arabic Sounds Workshop 2023|Wikipedian Editor Project: Arabic Sounds Workshop 2023]]
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== This Month in Education: November 2023 ==

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&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 9 • November 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/4th WikiUNAM Editathon: Community knowledge strengthens education|4th WikiUNAM Editathon: Community knowledge strengthens education]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Edit-a-thon at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo|Edit-a-thon at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/EduWiki Nigeria Community: Embracing Digital Learning Through Wikipedia|EduWiki Nigeria Community: Embracing Digital Learning Through Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Evening Wikischool offers Czech seniors further education on Wikipedia|Evening Wikischool offers Czech seniors further education on Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Expansion of Wikipedia Education Program through Student Associations at Iranian Universities|Expansion of Wikipedia Education Program through Student Associations at Iranian Universities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Exploring Wikipedia through Wikiclubs and the Wikeys board game in Albania |Exploring Wikipedia through Wikiclubs and the Wikeys board game in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/First anniversary of the game Wikeys|First anniversary of the game Wikeys]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Involve visiting students in education programs|Involve visiting students in education programs]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Iranian Students as Wikipedians: Using Wikipedia to Teach Research Methodology and Encyclopedic Writing|Iranian Students as Wikipedians: Using Wikipedia to Teach Research Methodology and Encyclopedic Writing]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Kiwix4Schools Nigeria: Bridging Knowledge Gap through Digital Literacy|Kiwix4Schools Nigeria: Bridging Knowledge Gap through Digital Literacy]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Lire wikipedia en classe à Djougou au Bénin|Lire wikipedia en classe à Djougou au Bénin]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach|Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Art Outreach at Aje Compreshensive Senior High School 1st November 2023, Lagos Mainland|Art Outreach at Aje Comprehensive Senior High School 1st November 2023, Lagos Mainland]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/PhilWiki Community holds a meet-up to advocate women empowerment|PhilWiki Community holds a meet-up to advocate women empowerment]]
&lt;/div&gt;

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== This Month in Education: January 2024 ==

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&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 1 • January 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Cross-Continental Wikimedia Activities: A Dialogue between Malaysia and Estonia|Cross-Continental Wikimedia Activities: A Dialogue between Malaysia and Estonia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Czech programme SWW in 2023 – how have we managed to engage students|Czech programme SWW in 2023 – how have we managed to engage students]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Extending Updates on Wikipedia in Education – Elbasan, Albania|Extending Updates on Wikipedia in Education – Elbasan, Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Teacher’s guide – now available in Bulgarian language|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Teacher’s guide – now available in Bulgarian language]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Summer students at Auckland Museum|Summer students at Auckland Museum]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/WikiDunong: EduWiki Initiatives in the Philippines Project|WikiDunong: EduWiki Initiatives in the Philippines Project]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Wikimedia Armenia's Educational Workshops|Wikimedia Armenia's Educational Workshops]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Wikimedia Foundation publishes its first Child Rights Impact Assessment|Wikimedia Foundation publishes its first Child Rights Impact Assessment]]
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== This Month in Education: February 2024 ==

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&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 2 • February 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/2 new courses in Students Write Wikipedia Starting this February|2 new courses in Students Write Wikipedia Starting this February]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/More two wiki-education partnerships|More two wiki-education partnerships]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Open Education Week 2024 in Mexico|Open Education Week 2024 in Mexico]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia, the community grows|Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia, the community grows]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Education Philippines promotes OERs utilization|Wiki Education Philippines promotes OERs utilization]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Loves Librarians, Kaduna|Wiki Loves Librarians, Kaduna]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Workshop 2024 CfP - Call for Papers Research track|Wiki Workshop 2024 CfP – Call for Papers Research track]]
&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: March 2024 ==

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&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 3 • March 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Reading Wikipedia in the classroom, Kaduna|Reading Wikipedia in the classroom, Kaduna]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Reading Wikipedia in Ukraine – the course for educators is now available on demand|Reading Wikipedia in Ukraine – the course for educators is now available on demand]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Wiki Movement Brazil will once again support the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad|Wiki Movement Brazil will once again support the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Wikipedia within the Education Setting in Albania|Wikipedia within the Education Setting in Albania]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 07:28, 28 April 2024 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: April 2024 ==

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&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 4 • April 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/EduWiki Updates From Uganda|EduWiki Updates From Uganda]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Good news from Bolivia: Reading Wikipedia Program continues in 2024|Good news from Bolivia: Reading Wikipedia Program continues in 2024]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Hearing Health Project: Impactful partnership with Wiki Movement Brazil|Hearing Health Project: Impactful partnership with Wiki Movement Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Wikimedia Spain, Amical Wikimedia and the University of Valencia develop Wikipedia educational project|Wikimedia Spain, Amical Wikimedia and the University of Valencia develop Wikipedia educational project]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 03:19, 14 May 2024 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: May 2024 ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 5 • May 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Albania - Georgia Wikimedia Cooperation 2024|Albania - Georgia Wikimedia Cooperation 2024]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Aleksandër Xhuvani University Editathon in Elbasan|Aleksandër Xhuvani University Editathon in Elbasan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Central Bicol State University of Agriculture LitFest features translation and article writing on Wikipedia|Central Bicol State University of Agriculture LitFest features translation and article writing on Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Empowering Youth Council in Bulqiza through editathons|Empowering Youth Council in Bulqiza through editathons]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/We left a piece of our hearts at Arhavi|We left a piece of our hearts at Arhavi]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Wiki Movimento Brasil at Tech Week and Education Speaker Series |Wiki Movimento Brasil at Tech Week and Education Speaker Series]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Wikimedia MKD trains new users in collaboration with MYLA|Wikimedia MKD trains new users in collaboration with MYLA]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 13:30, 15 June 2024 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: June 2024 ==

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&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 6 • June 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/From a Language Teacher to a Library Support Staff: The Wikimedia Effect|From a Language Teacher to a Library Support Staff: The Wikimedia Effect]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/5th WikiEducation 2024 Conference in Mexico|5th WikiEducation 2024 Conference in Mexico]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Lviv hosted a spring wikischool for Ukrainian high school students|Lviv hosted a spring wikischool for Ukrainian high school students]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/First class of teachers graduated from Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom 2024|First class of teachers graduated from Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom 2024]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Empowering Digital Citizenship: Unlocking the Power of Open Knowledge with Participants of the LIFE Legacy|Empowering Digital Citizenship: Unlocking the Power of Open Knowledge with Participants of the LIFE Legacy]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Wiki Movimento Brazil supports online and in-person courses and launches material to guide educators in using Wikimedia projects |Wiki Movimento Brazil supports online and in-person courses and launches material to guide educators in using Wikimedia projects]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Where to find images for free? Webinar for librarians answered many questions|Where to find images for free? Webinar for librarians answered many questions]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Wikimedia MKD and University of Goce Delchev start a mutual collaboration|Wikimedia MKD and University of Goce Delchev start a mutual collaboration]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 06:58, 9 July 2024 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: August 2024 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 7 • August 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Cross-Cultural Knowledge Sharing: Wikipedia's New Frontier at University of Tehran|Cross-Cultural Knowledge Sharing: Wikipedia's New Frontier at University of Tehran]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Let's Read Wikipedia in Bolivia reaches teachers in Cochabamba|Let's Read Wikipedia in Bolivia reaches teachers in Cochabamba]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Results of the 2023 “Wikipedia for School” Contest in Ukraine|Results of the 2023 “Wikipedia for School” Contest in Ukraine]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Edu Wiki Camp in Serbia, 2024|Edu Wiki Camp in Serbia, 2024]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wikimedia Human Rights Month this year engaged schools in large amount|Wikimedia Human Rights Month this year engaged schools in large amount]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Strengthening Education Programs at Wikimania 2024: A Global Leap in Collaborative Learning|Strengthening Education Programs at Wikimania 2024: A Global Leap in Collaborative Learning]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wiki Education programs are featured in a scientific outreach magazine, and Wiki Movimento Brasil offers training for researchers in the Amazon|Wiki Education programs are featured in a scientific outreach magazine, and Wiki Movimento Brasil offers training for researchers in the Amazon]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wiki Movimento Brasil aims to adapt a game about Wikipedia, organize an academic event for scientific dissemination, and host the XXXIII Wiki-Education Workshop|Wiki Movimento Brasil aims to adapt a game about Wikipedia, organize an academic event for scientific dissemination, and host the XXXIII Wiki-Education Workshop]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 13:21, 11 September 2024 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: October 2024 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 8 • October 2024&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/CBSUA Wiki Education turns 1 year|CBSUA Wiki Education turns 1 year]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/7th Senior WikiTown took place in Becov nad Teplou, Czech Republic|7th Senior WikiTown took place in Becov nad Teplou, Czech Republic]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Edit-a-thon about Modern Architecture in Kosovo|Edit-a-thon about Modern Architecture in Kosovo]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Edu_Wiki_in_South_Sudan:_Creating_a_better_future_in_education|Empowering Digital Literacy through Wikimedia in South Sudan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Many new articles and contributions in September and October for Wikimedia MKD|Many new articles and contributions in September and October for Wikimedia MKD]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/New Record: 5 Events in Municipal Library within a Month |New Record: 5 Events in Municipal Library within a Month]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wiki-Education programs in Brazil are centered around the Wikidata and Wikisource platforms|Wiki-Education programs in Brazil are centered around the Wikidata and Wikisource platforms]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/WikiChallenge African Schools wins the “Open Pedagogy” Award 2024 from OE Global|WikiChallenge African Schools wins the “Open Pedagogy” Award 2024 from OE Global]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wikipedia helps in improving cognitive skills|Wikipedia helps in improving cognitive skills]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wikipedia in Graduate Studies: Expanding Research Impact|Wikipedia in Graduate Studies: Expanding Research Impact]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/WiLMa PH establishes a Wiki Club|WiLMa PH establishes a Wiki Club]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 14:56, 12 November 2024 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: November 2024 ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 9 • November 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Auckland Museum Wikipedia Student Programme|Auckland Museum Wikipedia Student Programme]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Citizenship and free knowledge on Wikipedia in Albanian language|Citizenship and free knowledge on Wikipedia in Albanian language]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Engaging students with Wikipedia and Wikidata at Hasanuddin University’s Wikimedia Week|Engaging students with Wikipedia and Wikidata at Hasanuddin University’s Wikimedia Week]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Minigrant initiative by empowering the Rrëshen community in Albania|Minigrant initiative by empowering the Rrëshen community in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikidata birthday in Albania, 2024|Wikidata birthday in Albania, 2024]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikidata birthday in School |Wikidata birthday in School]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikimedia Education Workshop at Lumbini Technological University|Wikimedia Education Workshop at Lumbini Technological University]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikimedia MKD's new collaborations and new content|Wikimedia MKD's new collaborations and new content]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Improving Historical Knowledge on Persian Wikipedia through a continuous Wikimedia Education Program: Shahid Beheshti University Wikipedia Education Program|Improving Historical Knowledge on Persian Wikipedia through a continuous Wikimedia Education Program: Shahid Beheshti University Wikipedia Education Program]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:12, 10 December 2024 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: January 2025 ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 1 • January 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Advancing Education Pillar in Kosovo: 2024 Journey|Advancing Education Pillar in Kosovo: 2024 Journey]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Auckland Museum Wikipedia Students Making Progress|Auckland Museum Wikipedia Students Making Progress]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Celebrating 10 Years of Wiki Education|Celebrating 10 Years of Wiki Education]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Empowering Multilingual Students: Expanding Wikipedia Through Collaboration of foreign languages faculty's students of the University of Tehran|Empowering Multilingual Students: Expanding Wikipedia Through Collaboration of foreign languages faculty's students of the University of Tehran]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Ensuring accurate and authentic information with 1Lib1Ref Campaign in Anambra|Ensuring accurate and authentic information with 1Lib1Ref Campaign in Anambra]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Experiences of Wikipedia in the classroom with a gender perspective in Monterrey |Experiences of Wikipedia in the classroom with a gender perspective in Monterrey]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Fine Arts University Students exploring Wikipedia in Tirana, Albania|Fine Arts University Students exploring Wikipedia in Tirana, Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Lviv hosted Ukraine’s first student photo walk for Wikipedia|Lviv hosted Ukraine’s first student photo walk for Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Many new trained volunteers and new articles at the end of the year in Macedonia|Many new trained volunteers and new articles at the end of the year in Macedonia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Wikimedia and Scientific Events in Brazil|Wikimedia and Scientific Events in Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Wiki Workshop- Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop- Call for Contributions]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:56, 5 February 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: February 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 2 • February 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Activities series at the Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania|Activities series at the Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia Brazil has formed a partnership with a public policy research institute|Wikimedia Brazil has formed a partnership with a public policy research institute]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Preserving Heritage: Tuluvas Aati Month Educational Wikimedia Programs|Preserving Heritage: Tuluvas Aati Month Educational Wikimedia Programs]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Reflecting on our Past: Farewell to the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Reflecting on our Past: Farewell to the Auckland Museum Summer Students]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Successful Conclusion of the Second Phase of &quot;Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom&quot; in Yemen|Successful Conclusion of the Second Phase of &quot;Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom&quot; in Yemen]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wiki Workshop in Mitrovica |Wiki Workshop in Mitrovica]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia MKD' Education: Lots of new trained users, lots of new articles|Wikimedia MKD' Education: Lots of new trained users, lots of new articles]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia Serbia receives accreditation from the National Library of Serbia for the Wiki Senior seminar|Wikimedia Serbia receives accreditation from the National Library of Serbia for the Wiki Senior seminar]]
&lt;/div&gt;

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== This Month in Education: March 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 3 • March 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/A Whole New World: Research Findings on New Editor Integration in Serbian Wikipedia|A Whole New World: Research Findings on New Editor Integration in Serbian Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Bolivia: a new round of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia|Bolivia: a new round of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Faculty of Social Sciences Workshop in Albania|Faculty of Social Sciences Workshop in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Lots of contributions and trainings as part of Wikimedia MKD's Education Programme|Lots of contributions and trainings as part of Wikimedia MKD's Education Programme]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Wikimedia organized multiple events of science and education in Brazil during the month of March|Wikimedia organized multiple events of science and education in Brazil during the month of March]]
&lt;/div&gt;

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== This Month in Education: April 2025 ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 4 • April 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Ceremony of giving certificates and awarding the winners of the edit-a-thon: Meet Slovenia|Ceremony of giving certificates and awarding the winners of the edit-a-thon: Meet Slovenia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/The Workshops Wikimedia &amp; Education are back in Brazil|The Workshops Wikimedia &amp; Education are back in Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/EduWiki Nigeria: Advancing Digital Literacy in Schools|EduWiki Nigeria: Advancing Digital Literacy in Schools]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Empowering the Next Generation: Wikidata Training at Federal Government Boys College, FGBC Abuja|Empowering the Next Generation: Wikidata Training at Federal Government Boys College, FGBC Abuja]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Final Wikipedia project with Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania|Final Wikipedia project with Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Teachers who graduated from the Leamos Wikipedia program in Bolivia become mentors for their colleagues |Teachers who graduated from the Leamos Wikipedia program in Bolivia become mentors for their colleagues]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Wikivoyage in Has region, Northern Albania|Wikivoyage in Has region, Northern Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Wikivoyage workshop in Bulqiza|Wikivoyage workshop in Bulqiza]]
&lt;/div&gt;

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== This Month in Education: May 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 5 • May 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania|Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania|Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May|Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program|Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop|Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia |The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Wikimedia MKD's &quot;Lajka&quot; workshop in Skopje|Wikimedia MKD's &quot;Lajka&quot; workshop in Skopje]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 02:57, 28 May 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: June 2025 ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 6 • June 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague|Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program|Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota|Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT|Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children|PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College|Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June|Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival|Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival]]

&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 07:18, 27 June 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: July 2025 ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 7 • July 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025|Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania|Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025|Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs|Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning|The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025 |When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD|Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia|Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague|Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague]]
&lt;/div&gt;

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== This Month in Education: August 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 8 • August 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom|Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki|Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins|Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI|Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader|From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators|From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain|Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal|Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network|Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/The brains behind Wikipedia|The brains behind Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers|Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point|Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers|Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University|Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers|St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna|Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education|In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer|Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer]]
&lt;/div&gt;

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== This Month in Education: September 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 9 • September 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination|Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism &amp; Folklore 2025 Winners|CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism &amp; Folklore 2025 Winners]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025|2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište|Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters|Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach |Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU &amp; Alvan|Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU &amp; Alvan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia|Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Monográfico sobre Wikipedia en el aula, Revista Docere|Monograph on Wikipedia in the classroom, Docere Magazine]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan|The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025|The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes|Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cultura libre en las aulas|Free culture in the classroom]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs|Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 15:09, 2 October 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: October 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 10 • October 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/&quot;WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!&quot; winner at the Open Education Awards 2025|&quot;WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!&quot; winner at the Open Education Awards 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer|A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil|Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta|Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025|India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/JDACA &amp; Amman Arab University|JDACA &amp; Amman Arab University]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September|New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset|Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October|Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp|Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania|Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 06:04, 2 November 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: November 2025 ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 11 • November 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 &amp; 2026|Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 &amp; 2026]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia|Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras|Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day|190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI|2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States|Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th|November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025|EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia|Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon &amp; Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka|Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon &amp; Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe|Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course|Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training|United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM|Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge|Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo|Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo|Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community|Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community]]
&lt;/div&gt;

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== This Month in Education: December 2025 ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 12 • December 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages|WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage|Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context|What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge|WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina|Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon &amp; Workshop in St Aloysius University |WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon &amp; Workshop in St Aloysius University]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição|Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025|Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania|New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania|New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025|Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop|Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 14:22, 17 December 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: January 2026 ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto &quot;25x25&quot; llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 18:26, 28 January 2026 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: February 2026 ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 11:55, 3 March 2026 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: March 2026 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia &amp; Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia &amp; Libraries: Building New Contributors]]

&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 10:21, 1 April 2026 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== This Month in Education: April 2026 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 16:01, 27 April 2026 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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      <text bytes="88201" sha1="42l8s3l336ku1esfhp159yl2lqkxzol" xml:space="preserve">{{Archive box|[[/2014/]] · [[/2015/]] · [[/2016/]] · [[/2017/]] · [[/2018/]] · [[/2019/]] · [[/2020/]] · [[/2021/]] · [[/2022/]] · [[/2023/]] · [[/2024/]] · [[/2025/]]}}
__TOC__
{{Clear}}

== Tech News: 2026-03 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596]
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support &quot;map&quot; as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:33, 12 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-04 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] 
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/&lt;/code&gt;) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]!
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:29, 19 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-05 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February.
* All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project.
* Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the &quot;prevent this user from editing their own talk page&quot; is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new AbuseFilter variable, &lt;code&gt;account_type&lt;/code&gt;, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the &lt;code&gt;createaccount&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;autocreateaccount&lt;/code&gt; actions. As part of this change, the variable &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; has been renamed to &lt;code&gt;account_name&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049]
* Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;upload.wikimedia.org/…&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:17, 26 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-06 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}&quot; feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:43, 2 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-07 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors.
* A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] 
* When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458]
* The automatic &quot;magic links&quot; for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#isbn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604]
* Two new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|&lt;code&gt;w:kaj:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|&lt;code&gt;w:ppl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:30, 9 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-08 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval]
* The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.
* Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#siteNotice { display: none; }&lt;/code&gt; to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the &quot;view new changes since…&quot; button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:17, 16 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-09 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html]
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764]
* Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new &quot;Edit full page&quot; button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered &quot;beta&quot; on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:skin-theme-description&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag&lt;/code&gt; to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta.
* The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild&lt;/code&gt;, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:03, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-10 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&amp;filter=&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate help to localize] this and related features.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912]
* Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807]
* Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;uselang=&lt;/code&gt; URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111]
* The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily.
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust &amp; Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696]
* The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views.
* The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users.
* [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:51, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-11 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.
* Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]).

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:53, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-12 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055]
* On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016]
* Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]].
* Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874]
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.lib&lt;/code&gt; modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.switch&lt;/code&gt; hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:35, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-13 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|&quot;Log in with passkey&quot; button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647]
* The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823]
* Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&amp;oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127]

* The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:51, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-14 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]].
* The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap &quot;Edit&quot;. This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:25, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]].
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304]
* All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]].
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;format=php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538]
* The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example &quot;WP&quot; for the &quot;Project&quot; (&quot;Wikipedia&quot;) namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:19, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature.
'''Updates for editors'''
* On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294]
* The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=query&amp;meta=notifications&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991]
* Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:19, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest &quot;Liquid Glass&quot; visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias.
* An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]].
* On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The &lt;code&gt;mirrors.wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt; service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; directly, please update them to use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;file&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;filerevision&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741]
* Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:00, 20 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484]
* All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the &quot;automatically enable most beta features&quot; option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:06, 27 April 2026 (UTC)
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      <sha1>42l8s3l336ku1esfhp159yl2lqkxzol</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Complex analysis in plain view</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>171005</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2806858</id>
      <parentid>2806778</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-28T10:09:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Geometric Series Examples */</comment>
      <origin>2806858</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5296" sha1="0t1we8t3bywe7zj3oasx89s64fizkhh" xml:space="preserve">Many of the functions that arise naturally in mathematics and real world applications can be extended to and regarded as complex functions, meaning the input, as well as the output, can be complex numbers &lt;math&gt;x+iy&lt;/math&gt;, where &lt;math&gt;i=\sqrt{-1}&lt;/math&gt;, in such a way that it is a more natural object to study. '''Complex analysis''', which used to be known as '''function theory''' or '''theory of functions of a single complex variable''', is a sub-field of analysis that studies such functions (more specifically, '''holomorphic''' functions) on the complex plane, or part (domain) or extension (Riemann surface) thereof. It notably has great importance in number theory, e.g. the [[Riemann zeta function]] (for the distribution of primes) and other &lt;math&gt;L&lt;/math&gt;-functions, modular forms, elliptic functions, etc. &lt;blockquote&gt;The shortest path between two truths in the real domain passes through the complex domain.  — [[wikipedia:Jacques_Hadamard|Jacques Hadamard]]&lt;/blockquote&gt;In a certain sense, the essence of complex functions is captured by the principle of [[analytic continuation]].{{mathematics}}

==''' Complex Functions '''== 
* Complex Functions ([[Media:CAnal.1.A.CFunction.20140222.Basic.pdf|1.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.1.B.CFunction.20140111.Octave.pdf|1.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.1.C.CFunction.20140111.Extend.pdf|1.C.pdf]])

* Complex Exponential and Logarithm ([[Media:CAnal.5.A.CLog.20131017.pdf|5.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.5.A.Octave.pdf|5.B.pdf]])

* Complex Trigonometric and Hyperbolic ([[Media:CAnal.7.A.CTrigHyper..pdf|7.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.7.A.Octave..pdf|7.B.pdf]])

'''Complex Function Note'''
: 1. Exp and Log Function Note ([[Media:ComplexExp.29160721.pdf|H1.pdf]])

: 2. Trig and TrigH Function Note ([[Media:CAnal.Trig-H.29160901.pdf|H1.pdf]])

: 3. Inverse Trig and TrigH Functions Note ([[Media:CAnal.Hyper.29160829.pdf|H1.pdf]])

==''' Complex Integrals '''== 
* Complex Integrals ([[Media:CAnal.2.A.CIntegral.20140224.Basic.pdf|2.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.2.B.CIntegral.20140117.Octave.pdf|2.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.2.C.CIntegral.20140117.Extend.pdf|2.C.pdf]])

==''' Complex Series '''== 
* Complex Series ([[Media:CPX.Series.20150226.2.Basic.pdf|3.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.3.B.CSeries.20140121.Octave.pdf|3.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.3.C.CSeries.20140303.Extend.pdf|3.C.pdf]])

==''' Residue Integrals '''==
* Residue Integrals ([[Media:CAnal.4.A.Residue.20140227.Basic.pdf|4.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.4.B.pdf|4.B.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.4.C.Residue.20140423.Extend.pdf|4.C.pdf]]) 

==='''Residue Integrals Note'''===
* Laurent Series with the Residue Theorem Note ([[Media:Laurent.1.Residue.20170713.pdf|H1.pdf]])
* Laurent Series with Applications Note ([[Media:Laurent.2.Applications.20170327.pdf|H1.pdf]])
* Laurent Series and the z-Transform Note ([[Media:Laurent.3.z-Trans.20170831.pdf|H1.pdf]])
* Laurent Series as a Geometric Series Note ([[Media:Laurent.4.GSeries.20170802.pdf|H1.pdf]])

=== Laurent Series and the z-Transform Example Note === 
* Overview ([[Media:Laurent.4.z-Example.20170926.pdf|H1.pdf]])

====Geometric Series Examples====

* Causality ([[Media:Laurent.5.Causality.1.A.20191026n.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Causality.1.B.20191026.pdf|B.pdf]]) 

* Time Shift ([[Media:Laurent.5.TimeShift.2.A.20191028.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.TimeShift.2.B.20191029.pdf|B.pdf]]) 

* Reciprocity ([[Media:Laurent.5.Reciprocity.3A.20191030.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Reciprocity.3B.20191031.pdf|B.pdf]]) 

* Combinations ([[Media:Laurent.5.Combination.4A.20200702.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Combination.4B.20201002.pdf|B.pdf]]) 

* Properties ([[Media:Laurent.5.Property.5A.20220105.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Property.5B.20220126.pdf|B.pdf]]) 

* Permutations ([[Media:Laurent.6.Permutation.6A.20230711.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Permutation.6B.20251225.pdf|B.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Permutation.6C.20260428.pdf|C.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.Permutation.6C.20240528.pdf|D.pdf]]) 

* Applications ([[Media:Laurent.5.Application.6B.20220723.pdf|A.pdf]]) 

* Double Pole Case

:- Examples ([[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleEx.7A.20220722.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleEx.7B.20220720.pdf|B.pdf]]) 

:- Properties ([[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleProp.5A.20190226.pdf|A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.5.DPoleProp.5B.20190228.pdf|B.pdf]])

====The Case Examples====
* Example Overview : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.0.A.20171208.pdf|0A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.6.CaseExample.0.B.20180205.pdf|0B.pdf]])
* Example Case 1 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.1.A.20171107.pdf|1A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.1.B.20171227.pdf|1B.pdf]])
* Example Case 2 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.2.A.20171107.pdf|2A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.2.B.20171227.pdf|2B.pdf]])
* Example Case 3 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.3.A.20171017.pdf|3A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.3.B.20171226.pdf|3B.pdf]])
* Example Case 4 : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.4.A.20171017.pdf|4A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.4.B.20171228.pdf|4B.pdf]])
* Example Summary : ([[Media:Laurent.4.Example.5.A.20171212.pdf|5A.pdf]], [[Media:Laurent.4.Example.5.B.20171230.pdf|5B.pdf]])

==''' Conformal Mapping '''== 
* Conformal Mapping ([[Media:CAnal.6.A.Conformal.20131224.pdf|6.A.pdf]], [[Media:CAnal.6.A.Octave..pdf|6.B.pdf]])

go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

[[Category:Complex analysis]]</text>
      <sha1>0t1we8t3bywe7zj3oasx89s64fizkhh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Haskell programming in plain view</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>203942</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2806811</id>
      <parentid>2805867</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T16:33:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lambda Calculus */</comment>
      <origin>2806811</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6273" sha1="hy55xwy92xsimg2aa4txisrsj08m8v7" xml:space="preserve">
==Introduction==
* Overview I ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.1.A.20160806.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview II ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.2.A.20160926.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview III ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.3.A.20161011.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview IV ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.4.A.20161104.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview V ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.5.A.20161108.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Applications==
* Sudoku Background ([[Media:Sudoku.Background.0.A.20161108.pdf |pdf]])
* Bird's Implementation 
:- Specification ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.1.A.Spec.20170425.pdf |pdf]])
:- Rules ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.2.A.Rule.20170201.pdf |pdf]])
:- Pruning ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.3.A.Pruning.20170211.pdf |pdf]])
:- Expanding ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.4.A.Expand.20170506.pdf |pdf]])

&lt;/br&gt;

==Using GHCi==
* Getting started ([[Media:GHCi.Start.1.A.20170605.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Using Libraries==
* Library ([[Media:Library.1.A.20170605.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;


==Types==
* Constructors ([[Media:Background.1.A.Constructor.20180904.pdf |pdf]])
* TypeClasses ([[Media:Background.1.B.TypeClass.20180904.pdf |pdf]])
* Types ([[Media:MP3.1A.Mut.Type.20200721.pdf |pdf]])
* Primitive Types ([[Media:MP3.1B.Mut.PrimType.20200611.pdf |pdf]])
* Polymorphic Types ([[Media:MP3.1C.Mut.Polymorphic.20201212.pdf |pdf]])

==Functions==
* Functions ([[Media:Background.1.C.Function.20180712.pdf |pdf]])
* Operators ([[Media:Background.1.E.Operator.20180707.pdf |pdf]])
* Continuation Passing Style ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.Continuation.20220110.pdf |pdf]])

==Expressions==
* Expressions I ([[Media:Background.1.D.Expression.20180707.pdf |pdf]])
* Expressions II ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.Expression.20220628.pdf |pdf]])
* Non-terminating Expressions ([[Media:MP3.1F.Mut.Non-terminating.20220616.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

==Lambda Calculus==
* Lambda Calculus - informal description ([[Media:LCal.1A.informal.20220831.pdf |pdf]])
* Lambda Calculus - Formal definition ([[Media:LCal.2A.formal.20221015.pdf |pdf]])
* Expression Reduction ([[Media:LCal.3A.reduction.20220920.pdf |pdf]])
* Normal Forms ([[Media:LCal.4A.Normal.20220903.pdf |pdf]])
* Encoding Datatypes 
:- Church Numerals ([[Media:LCal.5A.Numeral.20230627.pdf |pdf]])
:- Church Booleans ([[Media:LCal.6A.Boolean.20230815.pdf |pdf]])
:- Functions ([[Media:LCal.7A.Function.20231230.pdf |pdf]])
:- Combinators ([[Media:LCal.8A.Combinator.20241202.pdf |pdf]])
:- Recursions ([[Media:LCal.9A.Recursion.20260427.pdf |A]], [[Media:LCal.9B.Recursion.20260330.pdf |B]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

==Function Oriented Typeclasses== 
=== Functors ===
* Functor Overview ([[Media:Functor.1.A.Overview.20180802.pdf |pdf]])
* Function Functor ([[Media:Functor.2.A.Function.20180804.pdf |pdf]])
* Functor Lifting ([[Media:Functor.2.B.Lifting.20180721.pdf |pdf]])

=== Applicatives ===
* Applicatives Overview ([[Media:Applicative.3.A.Overview.20180606.pdf |pdf]])
* Applicatives Methods ([[Media:Applicative.3.B.Method.20180519.pdf |pdf]])
* Function Applicative ([[Media:Applicative.3.A.Function.20180804.pdf |pdf]])
* Applicatives Sequencing ([[Media:Applicative.3.C.Sequencing.20180606.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads I : Background ===
* Side Effects ([[Media:Monad.P1.1A.SideEffect.20190316.pdf |pdf]])
* Monad Overview ([[Media:Monad.P1.2A.Overview.20190308.pdf |pdf]])
* Monadic Operations ([[Media:Monad.P1.3A.Operations.20190308.pdf |pdf]])
* Maybe Monad ([[Media:Monad.P1.4A.Maybe.201900606.pdf |pdf]])
* IO Actions ([[Media:Monad.P1.5A.IOAction.20190606.pdf |pdf]])
* Several Monad Types ([[Media:Monad.P1.6A.Types.20191016.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads II : State Transformer Monads ===
* State Transformer 
: - State Transformer Basics ([[Media:MP2.1A.STrans.Basic.20191002.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Transformer Generic Monad ([[Media:MP2.1B.STrans.Generic.20191002.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Transformer Monads ([[Media:MP2.1C.STrans.Monad.20191022.pdf |pdf]])

* State Monad 
: - State Monad Basics ([[Media:MP2.2A.State.Basic.20190706.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Monad Methods ([[Media:MP2.2B.State.Method.20190706.pdf |pdf]]) 
: - State Monad Examples ([[Media:MP2.2C.State.Example.20190706.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads III : Mutable State Monads ===
* Mutability Background 
: - Inhabitedness ([[Media:MP3.1F.Mut.Inhabited.20220319.pdf |pdf]])
: - Existential Types ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.Existential.20220128.pdf |pdf]])
: - forall Keyword ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.forall.20210316.pdf |pdf]])
: - Mutability and Strictness ([[Media:MP3.1C.Mut.Strictness.20200613.pdf |pdf]])
: - Strict and Lazy Packages ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.Package.20200620.pdf |pdf]])

* Mutable Objects
: - Mutable Variables ([[Media:MP3.1B.Mut.Variable.20200224.pdf |pdf]])
: - Mutable Data Structures  ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.DataStruct.20191226.pdf |pdf]])

* IO Monad 
: - IO Monad Basics ([[Media:MP3.2A.IO.Basic.20191019.pdf |pdf]])
: - IO Monad Methods ([[Media:MP3.2B.IO.Method.20191022.pdf |pdf]])  
: - IORef Mutable Variable ([[Media:MP3.2C.IO.IORef.20191019.pdf |pdf]])  

* ST Monad 
: - ST Monad Basics ([[Media:MP3.3A.ST.Basic.20191031.pdf |pdf]])
: - ST Monad Methods ([[Media:MP3.3B.ST.Method.20191023.pdf |pdf]])
: - STRef Mutable Variable ([[Media:MP3.3C.ST.STRef.20191023.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads IV : Reader and Writer Monads ===
* Function Monad ([[Media:Monad.10.A.Function.20180806.pdf |pdf]])
* Monad Transformer ([[Media:Monad.3.I.Transformer.20180727.pdf |pdf]])
* MonadState Class
:: - State &amp; StateT Monads ([[Media:Monad.9.A.MonadState.Monad.20180920.pdf |pdf]])
:: - MonadReader Class ([[Media:Monad.9.B.MonadState.Class.20180920.pdf |pdf]])
* MonadReader Class
:: - Reader &amp; ReaderT Monads ([[Media:Monad.11.A.Reader.20180821.pdf |pdf]])
:: - MonadReader Class ([[Media:Monad.12.A.MonadReader.20180821.pdf |pdf]])
* Control Monad ([[Media:Monad.9.A.Control.20180908.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monoid ===
* Monoids ([[Media:Monoid.4.A.20180508.pdf |pdf]])

=== Arrow ===
* Arrows ([[Media:Arrow.1.A.20190504.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Polymorphism==
* Polymorphism Overview ([[Media:Poly.1.A.20180220.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Concurrent Haskell ==
&lt;/br&gt;


go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

==External links==
* [http://learnyouahaskell.com/introduction Learn you Haskell]
* [http://book.realworldhaskell.org/read/ Real World Haskell]
* [http://www.scs.stanford.edu/14sp-cs240h/slides/ Standford Class Material]


[[Category:Haskell|programming in plain view]]</text>
      <sha1>hy55xwy92xsimg2aa4txisrsj08m8v7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806813</id>
      <parentid>2806811</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T16:35:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Lambda Calculus */</comment>
      <origin>2806813</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6273" sha1="9q8fw0bzpx5t3cdxysd8enb0b41rupc" xml:space="preserve">
==Introduction==
* Overview I ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.1.A.20160806.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview II ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.2.A.20160926.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview III ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.3.A.20161011.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview IV ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.4.A.20161104.pdf |pdf]])
* Overview V ([[Media:HSKL.Overview.5.A.20161108.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Applications==
* Sudoku Background ([[Media:Sudoku.Background.0.A.20161108.pdf |pdf]])
* Bird's Implementation 
:- Specification ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.1.A.Spec.20170425.pdf |pdf]])
:- Rules ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.2.A.Rule.20170201.pdf |pdf]])
:- Pruning ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.3.A.Pruning.20170211.pdf |pdf]])
:- Expanding ([[Media:Sudoku.1Bird.4.A.Expand.20170506.pdf |pdf]])

&lt;/br&gt;

==Using GHCi==
* Getting started ([[Media:GHCi.Start.1.A.20170605.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Using Libraries==
* Library ([[Media:Library.1.A.20170605.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;


==Types==
* Constructors ([[Media:Background.1.A.Constructor.20180904.pdf |pdf]])
* TypeClasses ([[Media:Background.1.B.TypeClass.20180904.pdf |pdf]])
* Types ([[Media:MP3.1A.Mut.Type.20200721.pdf |pdf]])
* Primitive Types ([[Media:MP3.1B.Mut.PrimType.20200611.pdf |pdf]])
* Polymorphic Types ([[Media:MP3.1C.Mut.Polymorphic.20201212.pdf |pdf]])

==Functions==
* Functions ([[Media:Background.1.C.Function.20180712.pdf |pdf]])
* Operators ([[Media:Background.1.E.Operator.20180707.pdf |pdf]])
* Continuation Passing Style ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.Continuation.20220110.pdf |pdf]])

==Expressions==
* Expressions I ([[Media:Background.1.D.Expression.20180707.pdf |pdf]])
* Expressions II ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.Expression.20220628.pdf |pdf]])
* Non-terminating Expressions ([[Media:MP3.1F.Mut.Non-terminating.20220616.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

==Lambda Calculus==
* Lambda Calculus - informal description ([[Media:LCal.1A.informal.20220831.pdf |pdf]])
* Lambda Calculus - Formal definition ([[Media:LCal.2A.formal.20221015.pdf |pdf]])
* Expression Reduction ([[Media:LCal.3A.reduction.20220920.pdf |pdf]])
* Normal Forms ([[Media:LCal.4A.Normal.20220903.pdf |pdf]])
* Encoding Datatypes 
:- Church Numerals ([[Media:LCal.5A.Numeral.20230627.pdf |pdf]])
:- Church Booleans ([[Media:LCal.6A.Boolean.20230815.pdf |pdf]])
:- Functions ([[Media:LCal.7A.Function.20231230.pdf |pdf]])
:- Combinators ([[Media:LCal.8A.Combinator.20241202.pdf |pdf]])
:- Recursions ([[Media:LCal.9A.Recursion.20260428.pdf |A]], [[Media:LCal.9B.Recursion.20260330.pdf |B]])
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;

==Function Oriented Typeclasses== 
=== Functors ===
* Functor Overview ([[Media:Functor.1.A.Overview.20180802.pdf |pdf]])
* Function Functor ([[Media:Functor.2.A.Function.20180804.pdf |pdf]])
* Functor Lifting ([[Media:Functor.2.B.Lifting.20180721.pdf |pdf]])

=== Applicatives ===
* Applicatives Overview ([[Media:Applicative.3.A.Overview.20180606.pdf |pdf]])
* Applicatives Methods ([[Media:Applicative.3.B.Method.20180519.pdf |pdf]])
* Function Applicative ([[Media:Applicative.3.A.Function.20180804.pdf |pdf]])
* Applicatives Sequencing ([[Media:Applicative.3.C.Sequencing.20180606.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads I : Background ===
* Side Effects ([[Media:Monad.P1.1A.SideEffect.20190316.pdf |pdf]])
* Monad Overview ([[Media:Monad.P1.2A.Overview.20190308.pdf |pdf]])
* Monadic Operations ([[Media:Monad.P1.3A.Operations.20190308.pdf |pdf]])
* Maybe Monad ([[Media:Monad.P1.4A.Maybe.201900606.pdf |pdf]])
* IO Actions ([[Media:Monad.P1.5A.IOAction.20190606.pdf |pdf]])
* Several Monad Types ([[Media:Monad.P1.6A.Types.20191016.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads II : State Transformer Monads ===
* State Transformer 
: - State Transformer Basics ([[Media:MP2.1A.STrans.Basic.20191002.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Transformer Generic Monad ([[Media:MP2.1B.STrans.Generic.20191002.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Transformer Monads ([[Media:MP2.1C.STrans.Monad.20191022.pdf |pdf]])

* State Monad 
: - State Monad Basics ([[Media:MP2.2A.State.Basic.20190706.pdf |pdf]])
: - State Monad Methods ([[Media:MP2.2B.State.Method.20190706.pdf |pdf]]) 
: - State Monad Examples ([[Media:MP2.2C.State.Example.20190706.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads III : Mutable State Monads ===
* Mutability Background 
: - Inhabitedness ([[Media:MP3.1F.Mut.Inhabited.20220319.pdf |pdf]])
: - Existential Types ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.Existential.20220128.pdf |pdf]])
: - forall Keyword ([[Media:MP3.1E.Mut.forall.20210316.pdf |pdf]])
: - Mutability and Strictness ([[Media:MP3.1C.Mut.Strictness.20200613.pdf |pdf]])
: - Strict and Lazy Packages ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.Package.20200620.pdf |pdf]])

* Mutable Objects
: - Mutable Variables ([[Media:MP3.1B.Mut.Variable.20200224.pdf |pdf]])
: - Mutable Data Structures  ([[Media:MP3.1D.Mut.DataStruct.20191226.pdf |pdf]])

* IO Monad 
: - IO Monad Basics ([[Media:MP3.2A.IO.Basic.20191019.pdf |pdf]])
: - IO Monad Methods ([[Media:MP3.2B.IO.Method.20191022.pdf |pdf]])  
: - IORef Mutable Variable ([[Media:MP3.2C.IO.IORef.20191019.pdf |pdf]])  

* ST Monad 
: - ST Monad Basics ([[Media:MP3.3A.ST.Basic.20191031.pdf |pdf]])
: - ST Monad Methods ([[Media:MP3.3B.ST.Method.20191023.pdf |pdf]])
: - STRef Mutable Variable ([[Media:MP3.3C.ST.STRef.20191023.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monads IV : Reader and Writer Monads ===
* Function Monad ([[Media:Monad.10.A.Function.20180806.pdf |pdf]])
* Monad Transformer ([[Media:Monad.3.I.Transformer.20180727.pdf |pdf]])
* MonadState Class
:: - State &amp; StateT Monads ([[Media:Monad.9.A.MonadState.Monad.20180920.pdf |pdf]])
:: - MonadReader Class ([[Media:Monad.9.B.MonadState.Class.20180920.pdf |pdf]])
* MonadReader Class
:: - Reader &amp; ReaderT Monads ([[Media:Monad.11.A.Reader.20180821.pdf |pdf]])
:: - MonadReader Class ([[Media:Monad.12.A.MonadReader.20180821.pdf |pdf]])
* Control Monad ([[Media:Monad.9.A.Control.20180908.pdf |pdf]])

=== Monoid ===
* Monoids ([[Media:Monoid.4.A.20180508.pdf |pdf]])

=== Arrow ===
* Arrows ([[Media:Arrow.1.A.20190504.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Polymorphism==
* Polymorphism Overview ([[Media:Poly.1.A.20180220.pdf |pdf]])
&lt;/br&gt;

==Concurrent Haskell ==
&lt;/br&gt;


go to [ [[Electrical_%26_Computer_Engineering_Studies]] ]

==External links==
* [http://learnyouahaskell.com/introduction Learn you Haskell]
* [http://book.realworldhaskell.org/read/ Real World Haskell]
* [http://www.scs.stanford.edu/14sp-cs240h/slides/ Standford Class Material]


[[Category:Haskell|programming in plain view]]</text>
      <sha1>9q8fw0bzpx5t3cdxysd8enb0b41rupc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Bnhassin</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>250786</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2806822</id>
      <parentid>2805648</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T18:06:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>983498</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tech News: 2026-18 */ new section</comment>
      <origin>2806822</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1040311" sha1="hng8d45cq491ab0snf2l1e77neg7bn8" xml:space="preserve">== First Message Posting ==

Update Talk on Wikiversity [[User:Bnhassin|Bnhassin]] ([[User talk:Bnhassin|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bnhassin|contribs]]) 21:04, 29 June 2019 (UTC)

== Update Sandbox User ==

==  Posting to sandbox == 

Update Sandbox on Wikiversity [[User:Bnhassin/sandbox]] ([[User talk:Bnhassin|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bnhassin|contribs]])[[User:Bnhassin|Bnhassin]] ([[User talk:Bnhassin|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Bnhassin|contribs]]) 11:04, 25 October 2020 (UTC)

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Tech News: 2020-50]] ==

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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Tech News: 2020-51]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2020-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a [[mw:Wikipedia for KaiOS|Wikipedia app]] for [[:w:en:KaiOS|KaiOS]] phones. It was released in India in September. It can now be downloaded in other countries too. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/12/10/growing-wikipedias-reach-with-an-app-for-kaios-feature-phones/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2020-W51&quot;/&gt; 21:34, 14 December 2020 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Tech News: 2020-52]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2020-W52&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 11 January 2021.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{citation needed}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; template shows when a statement in a Wikipedia article needs a source. If you click on it when you edit with the visual editor there is a popup that explains this. Now it can also show the reason and when it was added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270107]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.

'''Future changes'''
* You can [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Ideas|propose and discuss]] what technical improvements should be done for geographic information. This could be coordinates, maps or other related things.
* Some wikis use [[mw:Writing systems/LanguageConverter|LanguageConverter]] to switch between writing systems or variants of a language. This can only be done for the entire page. There will be a &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;langconvert&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tag that can convert a piece of text on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263082]
*  Oversighters and stewards can hide entries in [[Special:AbuseLog|Special:AbuseLog]]. They can soon hide multiple entries at once using checkboxes. This works like hiding normal edits. It will happen in early January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260904]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2020-W52&quot;/&gt; 20:54, 21 December 2020 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Tech News: 2021-02]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can choose to be reminded when you have not added an edit summary. This can be done in your preferences. This could conflict with the [[:w:en:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]]. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12729]
* You can link to specific log entries. You can get these links for example by clicking the timestamps in the log. Until now, such links to private log entries showed no entry even if you had permission to view private log entries. The links now show the entry. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269761]
* Admins can use the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filter tool]] to automatically prevent bad edits. Three changes happened last week:
** The filter editing interface now shows syntax errors while you type. This is similar to JavaScript pages. It also shows a warning for regular expressions that match the empty string. New warnings will be added later. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T187686]
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:Oversighters|Oversighters]] can now hide multiple filter log entries at once using checkboxes on [[Special:AbuseLog]]. This is how the usual revision deletion works. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260904]
** When a filter matches too many actions after it has been changed it is &quot;throttled&quot;. The most powerful actions are disabled. This is to avoid many editors getting blocked when an administrator made a mistake. The administrator will now get a notification about this &quot;throttle&quot;.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new tool to [https://skins.wmflabs.org/?#/add build new skins]. You can also [https://skins.wmflabs.org/?#/ see] existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Skins|skins]]. You can [[mw:User talk:Jdlrobson|give feedback]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-December/094130.html]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Bots using the API no longer watch pages automatically based on account preferences. Setting the &lt;code&gt;watchlist&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;watch&lt;/code&gt; will still work. This is to reduce the size of the watchlist data in the database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258108]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto's]] [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#File metadata|file metadata]] now includes length. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209679]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] code pages now have link anchors to [https://patchdemo.wmflabs.org/wikis/40e4795d4448b55a6d8c46ff414bcf78/w/index.php/MediaWiki:En.js#L-125 line numbers]. You can use wikilinks like [[:w:en:MediaWiki:Common.js#L-50]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29531]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] There was a [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki last week. You can read [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.25/Changelog|a detailed log]] of all 763 changes. Most of them are very small and will not affect you.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W02&quot;/&gt; 15:42, 11 January 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Tech News: 2021-03]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth team]] plans to add features to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer tasks/Experiment analysis, November 2020|get more visitors to edit]] to more Wikipedias. You can help [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-growthexperiments&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translating the interface].
* You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] posts could be automatically timestamped in the future. This is because MassMessage senders can now send pages using MassMessage. Pages are more difficult to sign. If there are times when a MassMessage post should not be timestamped you can [[phab:T270435|let the developers know]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W03&quot;/&gt; 16:10, 18 January 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Tech News: 2021-04]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. You will not be able to read or edit [[:wikitech:Main Page|Wikitech]] for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210128T09 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} at 09:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272388]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|Bracket matching]] will be added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] syntax highlighter on the first wikis. The first wikis are German and Catalan Wikipedia and maybe other Wikimedia wikis. This will happen on 27 January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270238]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W04&quot;/&gt; 18:31, 25 January 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Tech News: 2021-05]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* [[:w:en:IPv6|IPv6 addresses]] were written in lowercase letters in diffs. This caused dead links since [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] only accepted uppercase letters for the IPs. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272225]

'''Changes later this week'''
* You can soon use Wikidata to link to pages on the multilingual Wikisource. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138332]
* Often editors use a &quot;non-breaking space&quot; to make a gap between two items when reading but still show them together. This can be used to avoid a line break. You will now be able to add new ones via the special character tool in the 2010, 2017, and visual editors. The character will be shown in the visual editor as a space with a grey background. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T70429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T96666]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=| Advanced item]] Wikis use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to stop bad edits being made. Filter maintainers can now use syntax like &lt;code&gt;1.2.3.4 - 1.2.3.55&lt;/code&gt; as well as the &lt;code&gt;1.2.3.4/27&lt;/code&gt; syntax for IP ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218074]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[mw:Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] is the skin Wikimedia wikis use for mobile traffic. When a page is protected and you can't edit it you can normally read the source wikicode. This doesn't work on Minerva on mobile devices. This is being fixed. Some text might overlap. This is because your community needs to update [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext|MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]] to work on mobile. You can [[phab:T208827|read more]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Inline_styles_should_not_use_properties_that_impact_sizing_and_positioning][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Avoid_tables_for_anything_except_data]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] and [[:wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] will change the IP address they use to contact the wikis. The new IP address will be &lt;code&gt;185.15.56.1&lt;/code&gt;. This will happen on February 8. You can [[:wikitech:News/CloudVPS NAT wikis|read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W05&quot;/&gt; 22:38, 1 February 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Tech News: 2021-06]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android now has watchlists and talk pages in the app. [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.wikipedia]

'''Changes later this week'''
* You can see edits to chosen pages on [[Special:Watchlist|Special:Watchlist]]. You can add pages to your watchlist on every wiki you like. The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|GlobalWatchlist]] extension will come to Meta on 11 February. There you can see entries on watched pages on different wikis on the same page. The new watchlist will be found on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] on Meta. You can choose which wikis to watch and other preferences on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlistSettings|Special:GlobalWatchlistSettings]] on Meta. You can watch up to five wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260862]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* When admins [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protecting and unprotecting pages|protect]] pages the form will use the [[mw:UX standardization|OOUI look]]. [[Special:Import|Special:Import]] will also get the new look. This will make them easier to use on mobile phones. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235424][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108792]
* Some services will not work for a short period of time from 07:00 UTC on 17 February. There might be problems with new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|short links]], new translations, new notifications, adding new items to your [[mw:Reading/Reading Lists|reading lists]] or recording [[:w:en:Email#Tracking of sent mail|email bounces]]. This is because of database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273758]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[m:Tech/News/2021/05|Last week]] Tech News reported that the IP address [[:wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] and [[:wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] use to contact the wikis will change on 8 February. This is delayed. It will happen later instead. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/CloudVPS_NAT_wikis]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W06&quot;/&gt; 17:42, 8 February 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Tech News: 2021-07]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* There were problems with recent versions of MediaWiki.  Because the updates caused problems the developers rolled back to an earlier version. Some updates and new functions will come later than planned. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2021-February/094255.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2021-February/094271.html]
* Some services will not work for a short period of time from 07:00 UTC on 17 February. There might be problems with new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|short links]], new translations, new notifications, adding new items to your [[mw:Reading/Reading Lists|reading lists]] or recording [[:w:en:Email#Tracking of sent mail|email bounces]]. This is because of database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273758]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.31|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W07&quot;/&gt; 17:56, 15 February 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Tech News: 2021-08]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The visual editor will now use [[:c:Commons:Structured data/Media search|MediaSearch]] to find images. You can search for images on Commons in the visual editor when you are looking for illustrations. This is to help editors find better images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259896]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighter]] now works with more languages: [[:w:en:Futhark (programming language)|Futhark]], [[:w:en:Graphviz|Graphviz]]/[[:w:en:DOT (graph description language)|DOT]], CDDL and AMDGPU. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274741]

'''Problems'''
* Editing a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EasyTimeline|timeline]] might have removed all text from it. This was because of a bug and has been fixed. You might need to edit the timeline again for it to show properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274822]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.32|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a [[:m:Wikimedia Rust developers user group|user group]] for developers and users interested in working on Wikimedia wikis with the [[:w:en:Rust (programming language)|Rust programming language]]. You can join or tell others who want to make your wiki better in the future.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;

----

00:17, 23 February 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21134058 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Tech News: 2021-09]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth team tools]] can now show the name of a newcomer's mentor anywhere [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship/Integrating_mentorship|through a magic word]]. This can be used for welcome messages or userboxes.
* A new version of the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:VideoCutTool|VideoCutTool]] is now available. It enables cropping, trimming, audio disabling, and rotating video content. It is being created as part of the developer outreach programs.

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Job queue|job queue]]. This meant some functions did not save changes and mass messages were delayed. This did not affect wiki edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275437]
* Some editors may not be logged in to their accounts automatically in the latest versions of Firefox and Safari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226797]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.33|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;

----

19:08, 1 March 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21161722 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Tech News: 2021-10]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section translation]] now works on Bengali Wikipedia. It helps mobile editors translate sections of articles. It will come to more wikis later. The first focus is active wikis with a smaller number of articles. You can [https://sx.wmflabs.org/index.php/Main_Page test it] and [[mw:Talk:Content translation/Section translation|leave feedback]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged revisions]] now give admins the review right. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275293]
* When someone links to a Wikipedia article on Twitter this will now show a preview of the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276185]

'''Problems'''
* Many graphs have [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] errors. Graph editors can check their graphs in their browser's developer console after editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275833]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Talk pages project/New discussion|New Discussion]] tool will soon be a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|discussion tools]] beta feature for on most Wikipedias. The goal is to make it easier to start new discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275257]

'''Future changes'''
* There will be a number of changes to make it easier to work with templates. Some will come to the first wikis in March. Other changes will come to the first wikis in June. This is both for those who use templates and those who create or maintain them. You can [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|read more]].
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on some wikis on 17 March. They will share a setting with [[mw:Page Previews|Page Previews]]. If you prefer the Reference Tooltips or Navigation-Popups gadget you can keep using them. If so Reference Previews won't be shown. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews]
* New JavaScript-based functions will not work in [[:w:en:Internet Explorer 11|Internet Explorer 11]]. This is because Internet Explorer is an old browser that doesn't work with how JavaScript is written today. Everything that works in Internet Explorer 11 today will continue working in Internet Explorer for now. You can [[mw:Compatibility/IE11|read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W10&quot;/&gt; 17:51, 8 March 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21175593 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Tech News: 2021-11]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Wikis that are part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|desktop improvements]] project can now use a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Search|search function]]. The desktop improvements and the new search will come to more wikis later. You can also [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#Deployment plan and timeline|test it early]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Editors who put up banners or change site-wide [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] code should use the [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/000000566/overview?viewPanel=16&amp;orgId=1 client error graph] to see that their changes has not caused problems. You can [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/03/08/sailing-steady%e2%80%8a-%e2%80%8ahow-you-can-help-keep-wikimedia-sites-error-free read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276296]

'''Problems'''
* Due to [[phab:T276968|database issues]] the [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org Wikimedia Beta Cluster] was read-only for over a day.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You can add a [[:w:en:Newline|newline]] or [[:w:en:Carriage return|carriage return]] character to a custom signature if you use a template. There is a proposal to not allow them in the future. This is because they can cause formatting problems. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/New_requirements_for_user_signatures#Additional_proposal_(2021)][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272322]
* You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T276899|12 wikis]] for a short period of time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210323T06 {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|en}} at 06:00 (UTC)]. This could take 30 minutes but will probably be much faster.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can use [https://quarry.wmflabs.org/ Quarry] for [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries to the [[wikitech:Wiki replicas|Wiki Replicas]]. Cross-database &lt;code&gt;JOINS&lt;/code&gt; will no longer work from 23 March. There will be a new field to specify the database to connect to. If you think this affects you and you need help you can [[phab:T268498|post on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]]. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/PAWS PAWS] and other ways to do [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries to the Wiki Replicas will be affected later. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Wiki_Replicas_2020_Redesign]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W11&quot;/&gt; 23:22, 15 March 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21226057 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Tech News: 2021-12]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a [[mw:Wikipedia for KaiOS|Wikipedia app]] for [[:w:en:KaiOS|KaiOS]] phones. They don't have a touch screen so readers navigate with the phone keys. There is now a [https://wikimedia.github.io/wikipedia-kaios/sim.html simulator] so you can see what it looks like.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|new discussion tool]] are now available as the &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] in almost all wikis except German Wikipedia.

'''Problems'''
* You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T276899|twelve wikis]] for a short period of time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210323T06 {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 06:00 (UTC)]. This can also affect password changes, logging in to new wikis, global renames and changing or confirming emails. This could take 30 minutes but will probably be much faster.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.36|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[:w:en:Syntax highlighting|Syntax highlighting]] colours will change to be easier to read. This will soon come to the [[phab:T276346|first wikis]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting]

'''Future changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged revisions]] will no longer have multiple tags like &quot;tone&quot; or &quot;depth&quot;. It will also only have one tier. This was changed because very few wikis used these features and they make the tool difficult to maintain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T185664][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277883]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts can access variables about the current page in JavaScript. In 2015 this was moved from &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;wg*&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.config&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;wg*&lt;/code&gt; will soon no longer work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T72470]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W12&quot;/&gt; 16:53, 22 March 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21244806 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Tech News: 2021-13]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Some very old [[:w:en:Web browser|web browsers]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility|don’t work]] well with the Wikimedia wikis. Some old code for browsers that used to be supported is being removed. This could cause issues in those browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277803]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:m:IRC/Channels#Raw_feeds|IRC recent changes feeds]] have been moved to a new server. Make sure all tools automatically reconnect to &lt;code&gt;irc.wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt; and not to the name of any specific server. Users should also consider switching to the more modern [[:wikitech:Event Platform/EventStreams|EventStreams]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224579]

'''Problems'''
* When you move a page that many editors have on their watchlist the history can be split. It might also not be possible to move it again for a while. This is because of a [[:w:en:Job queue|job queue]] problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278350]
* Some translatable pages on Meta could not be edited. This was because of a bug in the translation tool. The new MediaWiki version was delayed because of problems like this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274940]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.37|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

17:30, 29 March 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21267131 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Tech News: 2021-14]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Editors can collapse part of an article so you have to click on it to see it. When you click a link to a section inside collapsed content it will now expand to show the section. The browser will scroll down to the section. Previously such links didn't work unless you manually expanded the content first. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276741]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|citoid]] [[:w:en:API|API]] will use for example &lt;code&gt;2010-12-XX&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;2010-12&lt;/code&gt; for dates with a month but no days. This is because &lt;code&gt;2010-12&lt;/code&gt; could be confused with &lt;code&gt;2010-2012&lt;/code&gt; instead of &lt;code&gt;December 2010&lt;/code&gt;. This is called level 1 instead of level 0 in the [https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/ Extended Date/Time Format]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T132308]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.38|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:PAWS|PAWS]] can now connect to the new [[:wikitech:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]]. Cross-database &lt;code&gt;JOINS&lt;/code&gt; will no longer work from 28 April. There is [[:wikitech:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign#How should I connect to databases in PAWS?|a new way to connect]] to the databases. Until 28 April both ways to connect to the databases will work. If you think this affects you and you need help you can post [[phab:T268498|on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

19:41, 5 April 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21287348 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Tech News: 2021-16]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Email to the Wikimedia wikis are handled by groups of Wikimedia editors. These volunteer response teams now use [https://github.com/znuny/Znuny Znuny] instead of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/OTRS|OTRS]]. The functions and interface remain the same. The volunteer administrators will give more details about the next steps soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279303][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275294]
* If you use [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighting]], you can see line numbers in the 2010 and 2017 wikitext editors when editing templates. This is to make it easier to see line breaks or talk about specific lines. Line numbers will soon come to all namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267911][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Line_Numbering][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Line_Numbering]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Because of a technical change there could be problems with gadgets and scripts that have an edit summary area that looks [https://phab.wmfusercontent.org/file/data/llvdqqnb5zpsfzylbqcg/PHID-FILE-25vs4qowibmtysl7cbml/Screen_Shot_2021-04-06_at_2.34.04_PM.png similar to this one]. If they look strange they should use &lt;code&gt;mw.loader.using('mediawiki.action.edit.styles')&lt;/code&gt; to go back to how they looked before. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278898]
* The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.1|latest version]] of MediaWiki came to the Wikimedia wikis last week. There was no Tech News issue last week.

'''Changes later this week'''
*  There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Future changes'''
* The user group &lt;code&gt;oversight&lt;/code&gt; will be renamed &lt;code&gt;suppress&lt;/code&gt;. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. This is the technical name. It doesn't affect what you call the editors with this user right on your wiki. This is planned to happen in two weeks. You can comment [[phab:T112147|in Phabricator]] if you have objections.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

16:48, 19 April 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Tech News: 2021-17]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Templates have parameters that can have specific values. It is possible to suggest values for editors with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]]. You can soon see them as a drop-down list in the visual editor. This is to help template users find the right values faster. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273857][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

21:24, 26 April 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Tech News: 2021-18]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]] is a gadget on English Wikipedia. It can help with maintenance and patrolling. It can [[m:Grants:Project/Rapid/SD0001/Twinkle localisation/Report|now be used on other wikis]]. You can get Twinkle on your wiki using the [https://github.com/wikimedia-gadgets/twinkle-starter twinkle-starter] GitHub repository.

'''Problems'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]] did not work for many articles for a little while. This was because of a bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281346]
* Some things will not work for about a minute on 5 May. This will happen [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210505T0600 around 06:00 UTC]. This will affect the content translation tool and notifications among other things. This is because of an upgrade to avoid crashes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281212]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on a number of wikis on 5 May. This is later than planned because of some changes. You can use it without using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|Page Previews]] if you want to. The earlier plan was to have the preference to use both or none. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] classes &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;.error&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;.warning&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;.success&lt;/code&gt; do not work for mobile readers if they have not been specifically defined on your wiki. From June they will not work for desktop readers. This can affect gadgets and templates. The classes can be defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or template styles instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280766]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

15:43, 3 May 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21418010 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Tech News: 2021-19]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You can see what participants plan to work on at the online [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2021|Wikimedia hackathon]] 22–23 May.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

15:10, 10 May 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21428676 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Tech News: 2021-20]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new toolbar in [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply tool]]. It works in the wikitext source mode. You can enable it in [[Special:Preferences#mw-htmlform-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276608] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Replying#13_May_2021] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion#13_May_2021]
* Wikimedia [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo mailing lists] are being moved to [[:w:en:GNU Mailman|Mailman 3]]. This is a newer version. For the [[:w:en:Character encoding|character encoding]] to work it will change from &lt;code&gt;[[:w:en:UTF-8|UTF-8]]&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;utf8mb3&lt;/code&gt;. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IEYQ2HS3LZF2P3DAYMNZYQDGHWPVMTPY/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282621]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] An [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|earlier issue]] of Tech News said that the  [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|citoid]] [[:w:en:API|API]] would handle dates with a month but no days in a new way. This has been reverted for now. There needs to be more discussion of how it affects different wikis first. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T132308]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] &lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Pageimages-blacklist&lt;/code&gt; will be renamed &lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Pageimages-denylist&lt;/code&gt;. The list can be copied to the new name. It will happen on 19 May for some wikis and 20 May for some wikis. Most wikis don't use it. It lists images that should never be used as thumbnails for articles. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282626]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

13:49, 17 May 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Tech News: 2021-21]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Wikimedia movement has been using [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC|IRC]] on a network called [[:w:en:Freenode|Freenode]]. There have been changes around who is in control of the network. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC/Group_Contacts|Wikimedia IRC Group Contacts]] have [[m:Special:Diff/21476411|decided]] to move to the new [[:w:en:Libera Chat|Libera Chat]] network instead. This is not a formal decision for the movement to move all channels but most Wikimedia IRC channels will probably leave Freenode. There is a [[:m:IRC/Migrating_to_Libera_Chat|migration guide]] and ongoing Wikimedia [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Freenode (IRC)|discussions about this]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

17:07, 24 May 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Tech News: 2021-22]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* There was an issue on the Vector skin with the text size of categories and notices under the page title. It was fixed last Monday. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283206]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

17:05, 31 May 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Tech News: 2021-23]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia movement uses [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] for technical tasks. This is where we collect technical suggestions, bugs and what developers are working on. The company behind Phabricator will stop working on it. This will not change anything for the Wikimedia movement now. It could lead to changes in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/YAXOD46INJLAODYYIJUVQWOZFIV54VUI/][https://admin.phacility.com/phame/post/view/11/phacility_is_winding_down_operations/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283980]
* Searching on Wikipedia will find more results in some languages. This is mainly true for when those who search do not use the correct [[:w:en:Diacritic|diacritics]] because they are not seen as necessary in that language. For example searching for &lt;code&gt;Bedusz&lt;/code&gt; doesn't find &lt;code&gt;Będusz&lt;/code&gt; on German Wikipedia. The character &lt;code&gt;ę&lt;/code&gt; isn't used in German so many would write &lt;code&gt;e&lt;/code&gt; instead. This will work better in the future in some languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219550]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:Cross-site request forgery|CSRF token parameters]] in the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|action API]] were changed in 2014. The old parameters from before 2014 will stop working soon. This can affect bots, gadgets and user scripts that still use the old parameters. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IMP43BNCI32C524O5YCUWMQYP4WVBQ2B/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280806]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

20:02, 7 June 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21551759 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Tech News: 2021-24]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Logged-in users on the mobile web can choose to use the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|advanced mobile mode]]. They now see categories in a similar way as users on desktop do. This means that some gadgets that have just been for desktop users could work for users of the mobile site too. If your wiki has such gadgets you could decide to turn them on for the mobile site too. Some gadgets probably need to be fixed to look good on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284763]
* Language links on Wikidata now works for [[:oldwikisource:Main Page|multilingual Wikisource]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275958]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Future changes'''
* In the future we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|can't show the IP]] of unregistered editors to everyone. This is because privacy regulations and norms have changed. There is now a rough draft of how [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#Updates|showing the IP to those who need to see it]] could work.
* German Wikipedia, English Wikivoyage and 29 smaller wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 22 June. This is planned between 5:00 and 5:30 UTC. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284530]
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes in the week of 28 June. More information will be published in Tech News later. It will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281515][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281209]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

20:26, 14 June 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21587625 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Tech News: 2021-25]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The &lt;code&gt;otrs-member&lt;/code&gt; group name is now &lt;code&gt;vrt-permissions&lt;/code&gt;. This could affect abuse filters. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280615]

'''Problems'''
* You will be able to read but not edit German Wikipedia, English Wikivoyage and 29 smaller wikis for a few minutes on 22 June. This is planned between [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210623T0500 5:00 and 5:30 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284530]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

15:49, 21 June 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Tech News: 2021-26]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth features]] now can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure Growth features directly on their wiki]]. This uses the new special page &lt;code&gt;Special:EditGrowthConfig&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285423]
* Wikisources have a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech/OCR Improvements|OCR tool]]. If you don't want to see the &quot;extract text&quot; button on Wikisource you can add &lt;code&gt;.ext-wikisource-ExtractTextWidget { display: none; }&lt;/code&gt; to your [[Special:MyPage/common.css|common.css page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285311]

'''Problems'''
*You will be able to read but not edit the Wikimedia wikis for a few minutes on 29 June. This is planned at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210629T1400 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281515][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281209]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* &lt;code&gt;Threshold for stub link formatting&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;thumbnail size&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;auto-number headings&lt;/code&gt; can be set in preferences. They are expensive to maintain and few editors use them. The developers are planning to remove them. Removing them will make pages load faster. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User:SKim (WMF)/Performance Dependent User Preferences|read more and give feedback]].
* A toolbar will be added to the [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]]'s wikitext source mode. This will make it easier to link to pages and to ping other users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276609][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Replying#Status_updates]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

16:32, 28 June 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Tech News: 2021-27]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 19 July.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[:wikidata:Q4063270|AutoWikiBrowser]] is a tool to make repetitive tasks easier. It now uses [[:w:en:JSON|JSON]]. &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage&lt;/code&gt; has moved to &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/Config&lt;/code&gt;. &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage/Version&lt;/code&gt; has moved to &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage/VersionJSON&lt;/code&gt;. The tool will eventually be configured on the wiki so that you don't have to wait until the new version to add templates or regular expression fixes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T241196]

'''Problems'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] helps saving online sources on some wikis. It adds them to [[:w:en:Wayback Machine|Wayback Machine]] and links to them there. This is so they don't disappear if the page that was linked to is removed. It currently has a problem with linking to the wrong date when it moves pages from &lt;code&gt;archive.is&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;web.archive.org&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283432]

'''Changes later this week'''
* The tool to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|find, add and remove templates]] will be updated. This is to make it easier to find and use the right templates. It will come to the first wikis on 7 July. It will come to more wikis later this year. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Removing_a_template_from_a_page_using_the_VisualEditor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284553]
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Future changes'''
* Some Wikimedia wikis use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]] or pending changes. It hides edits from new and unregistered accounts for readers until they have been patrolled. The auto review action in Flagged Revisions will no longer be logged. All old logs of auto-review will be removed. This is because it creates a lot of logs that are not very useful. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285608]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

17:33, 5 July 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21694636 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Tech News: 2021-29]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The tool to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|find, add and remove templates]] was updated. This is to make it easier to find and use the right templates. It was supposed to come to the first wikis on 7 July. It was delayed to 12 July instead. It will come to more wikis later this year. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Removing_a_template_from_a_page_using_the_VisualEditor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284553]
* [[Special:UnconnectedPages|Special:UnconnectedPages]] lists pages that are not connected to Wikidata. This helps you find pages that can be connected to Wikidata items. Some pages should not be connected to Wikidata. You can use the magic word &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; on pages that should not be listed on the special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T97577]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the [[:w:en:Parsing|parser's]] HTML output will soon change. This can affect bots, gadgets, user scripts and extensions. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/L2UQJRHTFK5YG3IOZEC7JSLH2ZQNZRVU/ read more]. You can test it on [[:testwiki:Main Page|Testwiki]] or [[:test2wiki:Main Page|Testwiki 2]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The parameters for how you obtain [[mw:API:Tokens|tokens]] in the MediaWiki API were changed in 2014. The old way will no longer work from 1 September. Scripts, bots and tools that use the parameters from before the 2014 change need to be updated. You can [[phab:T280806#7215377|read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

15:31, 19 July 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21755027 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Tech News: 2021-30]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* A [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki came to the Wikimedia wikis the week before last week. This was not in Tech News because there was no newsletter that week. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* If you use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|Monobook skin]] you can choose to switch off [[:w:en:Responsive web design|responsive design]] on mobile. This will now work for more skins. If &lt;code&gt;{{int:monobook-responsive-label}}&lt;/code&gt; is unticked you need to also untick the new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preference]] &lt;code&gt;{{int:prefs-skin-responsive}}&lt;/code&gt;. Otherwise it will stop working. Interface admins can automate this process on your wiki. You can [[phab:T285991|read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

21:11, 26 July 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Tech News: 2021-31]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] If your wiki uses markup like &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; without the required &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;dir&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute, then these will no longer work in 2 weeks. There is a short-term fix that can be added to your local wiki's Common.css page, which is explained at [[phab:T287701|T287701]]. From now on, all usages should include the full attributes, for example: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-rtl&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; lang=&quot;he&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This also applies to some other HTML tags, such as &lt;code&gt;span&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;code&lt;/code&gt;. You can find existing examples on your wiki that need to be updated, using the instructions at [[phab:T287701|T287701]].
* Reminder: Wikimedia has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC/Migrating to Libera Chat|migrated to the Libera Chat IRC network]], from the old Freenode network. Local documentation should be updated.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 30 minutes. There was a problem with generating dynamic lists of articles on the Russian Wikinews, due to the bulk import of 200,000+ new articles over 3 days, which led to database problems. The problematic feature has been disabled on that wiki and developers are discussing if it can be fixed properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287380][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-07-26_ruwikinews_DynamicPageList]

'''Changes later this week'''
* When adding links to a page using [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] or the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Disambiguator|disambiguation pages]] will now only appear at the bottom of search results. This is because users do not often want to link to disambiguation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285510]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|team of the Wikipedia app for Android]] is working on communication in the app. The developers are working on how to talk to other editors and get notifications. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|read more]]. They are looking for users who want to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication/UsertestingJuly2021|test the plans]]. Any editor who has an Android phone and is willing to download the app can do this.
* The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} will be updated in the coming weeks.  You will be able to [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications|subscribe to individual sections]] on a talk page at more wikis.  You can test this now by adding &lt;code&gt;?dtenable=1&lt;/code&gt; to the end of the talk page's URL ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta_talk:Sandbox?dtenable=1 example]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

20:47, 2 August 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Tech News: 2021-32]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* You can read but not edit 17 wikis for a few minutes on 10 August. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1628571650 05:00 UTC]. This is because of work on the database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287449]

'''Changes later this week'''
* The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2021:Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place remotely on 13 August, starting at 5:00 UTC, for 24 hours. You can participate in many ways. You can still propose projects and sessions.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The old CSS &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;visualClear&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will not be supported after 12 August. Instead, templates and pages should use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Please help to replace any existing uses on your wiki. There are global-search links available at [[phab:T287962|T287962]].

'''Future changes'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is a place for Wikipedia editors to get access to sources. There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TheWikipediaLibrary|extension]] which has a new function to tell users when they can take part in it. It will use notifications. It will start pinging the first users in September. It will ping more users later. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288070]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[w:en:Vue.js|Vue.js]] will be the [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] framework for MediaWiki in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SOZREBYR36PUNFZXMIUBVAIOQI4N7PDU/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

16:21, 9 August 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=21856726 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Tech News: 2021-33]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can add language links in the sidebar in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|new Vector skin]] again. You do this by connecting the page to a Wikidata item. The new Vector skin has moved the language links but the new language selector cannot add language links yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287206]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem on wikis which use the Translate extension. Translations were not updated or were replaced with the English text. The problems have been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288700][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288683][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288719]

'''Changes later this week'''
* A [[mw:Help:Tags|revision tag]] will soon be added to edits that add links to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Disambiguator|disambiguation pages]]. This is because these links are usually added by accident. The tag will allow editors to easily find the broken links and fix them. If your wiki does not like this feature, it can be [[mw:Help:Tags#Deleting a tag added by the software|hidden]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287549]
*Would you like to help improve the information about tools? Would you like to attend or help organize a small virtual meetup for your community to discuss the list of tools? Please get in touch on the [[m:Toolhub/The Quality Signal Sessions|Toolhub Quality Signal Sessions]] talk page. We are also looking for feedback [[m:Talk:Toolhub/The Quality Signal Sessions#Discussion topic for &quot;Quality Signal Sessions: The Tool Maintainers edition&quot;|from tool maintainers]] on some specific questions.
* In the past, edits to any page in your user talk space ignored your [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications#mute|mute list]], e.g. sub-pages. Starting this week, this is only true for edits to your talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288112]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

19:27, 16 August 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Tech News: 2021-34]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score]] extension (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;score&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; notation) has been re-enabled on public wikis and upgraded to a newer version. Some musical score functionality may no longer work because the extension is only enabled in &quot;safe mode&quot;. The security issue has been fixed and an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score/2021 security advisory|advisory published]].

'''Problems'''
* You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T289130|some wikis]] for a few minutes on {{#time:j xg|2021-08-25|en}}. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1629871217 06:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. During this time, operations on the CentralAuth will also not be possible.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

21:58, 23 August 2021 (UTC)
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== Read-only reminder ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;MassMessage&quot;/&gt;
A maintenance operation will be performed on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1629871231 {{#time: l F d H:i e|2021-08-25T06:00|en}}]. It should only last for a few minutes.

This will affect your wiki as well as 11 other wikis. During this time, publishing edits will not be possible. 

Also during this time, operations on the CentralAuth will not be possible (GlobalRenames, changing/confirming e-mail addresses, logging into new wikis, password changes).

For more details about the operation and on all impacted services, please check [[phab:T289130|on Phabricator]].

A banner will be displayed 30 minutes before the operation.

Please help your community to be aware of this maintenance operation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}&lt;section end=&quot;MassMessage&quot;/&gt;

20:35, 24 August 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Tech News: 2021-35]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Some musical score syntax no longer works and may needed to be updated, you can check [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:score-error-category}}]] on your wiki for a list of pages with errors.

'''Problems'''
* Musical scores were unable to render lyrics in some languages because of missing fonts. This has been fixed now. If your language would prefer a different font, please file a request in Phabricator. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289554]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The parameters for how you obtain [[mw:API:Tokens|tokens]] in the MediaWiki API were changed in 2014. The old way will no longer work from 1 September. Scripts, bots and tools that use the parameters from before the 2014 change need to be updated. You can [[phab:T280806#7215377|read more]] about this.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T289660|Commons]] for a few minutes on {{#time:j xg|2021-09-06|en}}. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1630818058 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance.
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes in the week of 13 September. More information will be published in Tech News later. It will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287539]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

16:01, 30 August 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Tech News: 2021-36]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The wikis that have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] deployed have been part of A/B testing since deployment, in which some newcomers did not receive the new features. Now, all of the newcomers on 21 of the smallest of those wikis will be receiving the features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289786]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In 2017, the provided jQuery library was upgraded from version 1 to 3, with a compatibility layer. The migration will soon finish, to make the site load faster for everyone. If you maintain a gadget or user script, check if you have any JQMIGRATE errors and fix them, or they will break. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280944][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/6Z2BVLOBBEC2QP4VV4KOOVQVE52P3HOP/]
* Last year, the Portuguese Wikipedia community embarked on an experiment to make log-in compulsory for editing.  The [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Impact report for Login Required Experiment on Portuguese Wikipedia|impact report of this trial]] is ready. Moving forward, the Anti-Harassment Tools team is looking for projects that are willing to experiment with restricting IP editing on their wiki for a short-term experiment. [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Login Required Experiment|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

15:20, 6 September 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Tech News: 2021-37]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* 45 new Wikipedias now have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289680]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|A majority of Wikipedias]] now have access to the Growth features. The Growth team [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ|has published an FAQ page]] about the features. This translatable FAQ covers the description of the features, how to use them, how to change the configuration, and more.

'''Problems'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on 14 September. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628002 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287539]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting this week, Wikipedia in Italian will receive weekly software updates on Wednesdays. It used to receive the updates on Thursdays. Due to this change, bugs will be noticed and fixed sooner. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286664]
* You can add language links in the sidebar in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|the new Vector skin]] again. You do this by connecting the page to a Wikidata item. The new Vector skin has moved the language links but the new language selector cannot add language links yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287206]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlight]] tool marks up code with different colours. It now can highlight 23 new code languages. Additionally, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;golang&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; can now be used as an alias for the [[d:Q37227|Go programming language]], and a special &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;output&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; mode has been added to show a program's output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280117][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi/+/715277/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

15:35, 13 September 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Tech News: 2021-38]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Growth features are now deployed to almost all Wikipedias. [[phab:T290582|For the majority of small Wikipedias]], the features are only available for experienced users, to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ#enable|test the features]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ#config|configure them]]. Features will be available for newcomers starting on 20 September 2021.
* MediaWiki had a feature that would highlight local links to short articles in a different style. Each user could pick the size at which &quot;stubs&quot; would be highlighted. This feature was very bad for performance, and following a consultation, has been removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284917]
* A technical change was made to the MonoBook skin to allow for easier maintenance and upkeep. This has resulted in some minor changes to HTML that make MonoBook's HTML consistent with other skins. Efforts have been made to minimize the impact on editors, but please ping [[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]] on wiki or in [[phab:T290888|phabricator]] if any problems are reported.

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with search last week. Many search requests did not work for 2 hours because of an accidental restart of the search servers. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-09-13_cirrussearch_restart]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[s:Special:ApiHelp/query+proofreadinfo|meta=proofreadpage API]] has changed. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;piprop&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter has been renamed to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;prpiprop&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. API users should update their code to avoid unrecognized parameter warnings. Pywikibot users should upgrade to 6.6.0. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290585]

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Replying|Reply tool]] will be deployed to the remaining wikis in the coming weeks.  It is currently part of &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot; in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta features]] at most wikis. You will be able to turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Editing Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262331]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki_1.37/Deprecation_of_legacy_API_token_parameters|previously announced]] change to how you obtain tokens from the API has been delayed to September 21 because of an incompatibility with Pywikibot. Bot operators using Pywikibot can follow [[phab:T291202|T291202]] for progress on a fix, and should plan to upgrade to 6.6.1 when it is released.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

18:32, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Tech News: 2021-39]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[w:en:IOS|iOS 15]] has a new function called [https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212614 Private Relay] (Apple website). This can hide the user's IP when they use [[w:en:Safari (software)|Safari]] browser. This is like using a [[w:en:Virtual private network|VPN]] in that we see another IP address instead. It is opt-in and only for those who pay extra for [[w:en:ICloud|iCloud]]. It will come to Safari users on [[:w:en:OSX|OSX]] later. There is a [[phab:T289795|technical discussion]] about what this means for the Wikimedia wikis.

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and user-scripts add items to the [[m:Customization:Explaining_skins#Portlets|portlets]] (article tools) part of the skin. A recent change to the HTML may have made those links a different font-size. This can be fixed by adding the CSS class &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.vector-menu-dropdown-noicon&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291438]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Onboarding_new_Wikipedians#New_experience|GettingStarted extension]] was built in 2013, and provides an onboarding process for new account holders in a few versions of Wikipedia. However, the recently developed [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] provide a better onboarding experience. Since the vast majority of Wikipedias now have access to the Growth features, GettingStarted will be deactivated starting on 4 October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235752]
* A small number of users will not be able to connect to the Wikimedia wikis after 30 September. This is because an old [[:w:en:root certificate|root certificate]] will no longer work. They will also have problems with many other websites. Users who have updated their software in the last five years are unlikely to have problems. Users in Europe, Africa and Asia are less likely to have immediate problems even if their software is too old. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS/2021 Let's Encrypt root expiry|read more]].
* You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications|receive notifications]] when someone leaves a comment on user talk page or mentions you in a talk page comment. Clicking the notification link will now bring you to the comment and highlight it. Previously, doing so brought you to the top of the section that contained the comment. You can find [[phab:T282029|more information in T282029.]]

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Replying|Reply tool]] will be deployed to the remaining wikis in the coming weeks. It is currently part of &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot; in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta features]] at most wikis. You will be able to turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Editing Preferences]]. [[phab:T288485|See the list of wikis.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262331]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W39&quot;/&gt;

22:23, 27 September 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=22077885 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Tech News: 2021-40]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* A more efficient way of sending changes from Wikidata to Wikimedia wikis that show them has been enabled for the following 10 wikis: mediawiki.org, the Italian, Catalan, Hebrew and Vietnamese Wikipedias, French Wikisource, and English Wikivoygage, Wikibooks, Wiktionary and Wikinews. If you notice anything strange about how changes from Wikidata appear in recent changes or your watchlist on those wikis you can [[phab:T48643|let the developers know]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and bots that use the API to read the AbuseFilter log might break. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;hidden&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; property will no longer say an entry is &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;implicit&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for unsuppressed log entries about suppressed edits. If your bot needs to know this, do a separate revision query. Additionally, the property will have the value &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;false&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for visible entries; previously, it wasn't included in the response. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291718]
* A more efficient way of sending changes from Wikidata to Wikimedia wikis that show them will be enabled for ''all production wikis''. If you notice anything strange about how changes from Wikidata appear in recent changes or your watchlist you can [[phab:T48643|let the developers know]].

'''Future changes'''
* You can soon get cross-wiki notifications in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|iOS Wikipedia app]]. You can also get notifications as push notifications. More notification updates will follow in later versions. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Notifications#September_2021_update]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The JavaScript variables &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgExtraSignatureNamespaces&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgLegalTitleChars&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgIllegalFileChars&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will soon be removed from &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. These are not part of the &quot;stable&quot; variables available for use in wiki JavaScript. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292011] 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The JavaScript variables &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgCookiePrefix&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgCookieDomain&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgCookiePath&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wgCookieExpiration&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will soon be removed from mw.config. Scripts should instead use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; from the &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#mediawiki.cookie|mediawiki.cookie]]&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot; module. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291760]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;tech-newsletter-content&quot;/&gt;

16:32, 4 October 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Tech News: 2021-41]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

* The [[mw:Manual:Table_of_contents#Auto-numbering|&quot;auto-number headings&quot; preference]] is being removed. You can read [[phab:T284921]] for the reasons and discussion. This change was [[m:Tech/News/2021/26|previously]] announced. [[mw:Snippets/Auto-number_headings|A JavaScript snippet]] is available which can be used to create a Gadget on wikis that still want to support auto-numbering.

'''Meetings'''
* You can join a meeting about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]. A demonstration version of the [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|newest feature]] will be shown. The event will take place on Tuesday, 12 October at 16:00 UTC. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web/12-10-2021|See how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W41&quot;/&gt;

15:30, 11 October 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Tech News: 2021-42]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*[[m:Toolhub|Toolhub]] is a catalogue to make it easier to find software tools that can be used for working on the Wikimedia projects. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LF4SSR4QRCKV6NPRFGUAQWUFQISVIPTS/ read more].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The developers of the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia Android app]] are working on [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|communication in the app]]. You can now answer questions in [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication/UsertestingOctober2021|survey]] to help the development.
* 3–5% of editors may be blocked in the next few months. This is because of a new service in Safari, which is similar to a [[w:en:Proxy server|proxy]] or a [[w:en:VPN|VPN]]. It is called iCloud Private Relay. There is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|discussion about this]] on Meta. The goal is to learn what iCloud Private Relay could mean for the communities.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] is a new [[w:en:API|API]] for those who use a lot of information from the Wikimedia projects on other sites. It is a way to get big commercial users to pay for the data. There will soon be a copy of the Wikimedia Enterprise dataset. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/message/B2AX6PWH5MBKB4L63NFZY3ADBQG7MSBA/ read more]. You can also ask the team questions [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/88994018553 on Zoom] on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=15&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=22&amp;month=10&amp;year=2021 22 October 15:00 UTC].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W42&quot;/&gt;

20:53, 18 October 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=22176877 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Tech News: 2021-43]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2021]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 27 October.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff|Diff pages]] will have an improved copy and pasting experience. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Copy paste diffs|The changes]] will allow the text in the diff for before and after to be treated as separate columns and will remove any unwanted syntax. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T192526]
* The version of the [[w:en:Liberation fonts|Liberation fonts]] used in SVG files will be upgraded. Only new thumbnails will be affected. Liberation Sans Narrow will not change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253600]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join a meeting about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. News about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes will be shown. The event will take place on Wednesday, 27 October at 14:30 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/Talk to Us|See how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W43&quot;/&gt;

20:08, 25 October 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=22232718 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Tech News: 2021-44]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a limit on the amount of emails a user can send each day. This limit is now global instead of per-wiki. This change is to prevent abuse. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293866]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W44&quot;/&gt;

20:28, 1 November 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=22269406 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Tech News: 2021-45]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Mobile IP editors are now able to receive warning notices indicating they have a talk page message on the mobile website (similar to the orange banners available on desktop). These notices will be displayed on every page outside of the main namespace and every time the user attempts to edit. The notice on desktop now has a slightly different colour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284642][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278105]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[phab:T294321|Wikidata will be read-only]] for a few minutes on 11 November. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1636610400 06:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T294321]
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Future changes'''
* In the future, unregistered editors will be given an identity that is not their [[:w:en:IP address|IP address]]. This is for legal reasons. A new user right will let editors who need to know the IPs of unregistered accounts to fight vandalism, spam, and harassment, see the IP. You can read the [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|suggestions for how that identity could work]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|discuss on the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W45&quot;/&gt;

20:36, 8 November 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=22311003 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Tech News: 2021-46]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Most [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Maximum_file_size#MAXTHUMB|large file uploads]] errors that had messages like &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;stashfailed&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;DBQueryError&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot; have now been fixed. An [[wikitech:Incident documentation/2021-11-04 large file upload timeouts|incident report]] is available.

'''Problems'''
* Sometimes, edits made on iOS using the visual editor save groups of numbers as telephone number links, because of a feature in the operating system. This problem is under investigation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116525]
* There was a problem with search last week. Many search requests did not work for 2 hours because of a configuration error. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-11-10_cirrussearch_commonsfile_outage]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W46&quot;/&gt;

22:06, 15 November 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=22338097 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Tech News: 2021-47]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
*The template dialog in VisualEditor and in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|new wikitext mode]] Beta feature will be [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|heavily improved]] on [[phab:T286992|a few wikis]]. Your [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|feedback is welcome]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W47&quot;/&gt;

20:02, 22 November 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=22366010 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Tech News: 2021-48]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W48&quot;/&gt;

21:15, 29 November 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=22375666 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Tech News: 2021-49]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* MediaWiki 1.38-wmf.11 was scheduled to be deployed on some wikis last week. The deployment was delayed because of unexpected problems.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* At all Wikipedias, a Mentor Dashboard is now available at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;Special:MentorDashboard&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. It allows registered mentors, who take care of newcomers' first steps, to monitor their assigned newcomers' activity. It is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]]. You can learn more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How_to_configure_the_mentors%27_list|activating the mentor list]] on your wiki and about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor dashboard|the mentor dashboard project]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The predecessor to the current [[mw:API|MediaWiki Action API]] (which was created in 2008), &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=ajax&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, will be removed this week. Any scripts or bots using it will need to switch to the corresponding API module. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T42786]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] An old ResourceLoader module, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;jquery.jStorage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, which was deprecated in 2016, will be removed this week. Any scripts or bots using it will need to switch to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.storage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143034]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W49&quot;/&gt;

21:59, 6 December 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Tech News: 2021-50]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There are now default [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespace#Other_namespace_aliases|short aliases]] for the &quot;Project:&quot; namespace on most wikis. E.g. On Wikibooks wikis, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[WB:]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will go to the local language default for the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Project:]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespace. This change is intended to help the smaller communities have easy access to this feature. Additional local aliases can still be requested via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|the usual process]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293839]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W50&quot;/&gt;

22:27, 13 December 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Tech News: 2021-51]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2021-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 10 January 2022.

'''Recent changes'''
* Queries made by the DynamicPageList extension (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;DynamicPageList&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) are now only allowed to run for 10 seconds and error if they take longer. This is in response to multiple outages where long-running queries caused an outage on all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287380#7575719]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.

'''Future changes'''
* The developers of the Wikipedia iOS app are looking for testers who edit in multiple languages. You can [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/202112 testing|read more and let them know if you are interested]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikimedia [[wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] hosts technical projects for the Wikimedia movement. Developers need to [[wikitech:News/Cloud VPS 2021 Purge|claim projects]] they use. This is because old and unused projects are removed once a year. Unclaimed projects can be shut down from February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2B7KYL5VLQNHGQQHMYLW7KTUKXKAYY3T/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2021-W51&quot;/&gt;

22:05, 20 December 2021 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Tech News: 2022-02]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] A &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;oauth_consumer&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; variable has been added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] to enable identifying changes made by specific tools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298281]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#Package_Gadgets|now able to directly include JSON pages]]. This means some gadgets can now be configured by administrators without needing the interface administrator permission, such as with the Geonotice gadget. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198758]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets [[mw:Extension:Gadgets#Options|can now specify page actions]] on which they are available. For example, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|actions=edit,history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will load a gadget only while editing and on history pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63007]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets can now be loaded on demand with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;withgadget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URL parameter. This can be used to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Snippets/Load JS and CSS by URL|an earlier snippet]] that typically looks like &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;withJS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;withCSS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29766]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] At wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|the Mentorship system is configured]], you can now use the Action API to get a list of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor_dashboard|mentor's]] mentees. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291966]
* The heading on the main page can now be configured using &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin]]&lt;/span&gt; for logged-in users and &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title]]&lt;/span&gt; for logged-out users. Any CSS that was previously used to hide the heading should be removed. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Small_wiki_toolkits/Starter_kit/Main_page_customization#hide-heading] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298715]
* Four special pages (and their API counterparts) now have a maximum database query execution time of 30 seconds. These special pages are: RecentChanges, Watchlist, Contributions, and Log. This change will help with site performance and stability. You can read [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IPJNO75HYAQWIGTHI5LJHTDVLVOC4LJP/ more details about this change] including some possible solutions if this affects your workflows. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T297708]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|sticky header]] has been deployed for 50% of logged-in users on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions#pilot-wikis|more than 10 wikis]]. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Participate|how to take part in the project]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Events'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] begins. All contributors to the Wikimedia projects can propose for tools and platform improvements. The proposal phase takes place from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-10|en}} 18:00 UTC to {{#time:j xg|2022-01-23|en}} 18:00 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/FAQ|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W02&quot;/&gt;

01:23, 11 January 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Tech News: 2022-03]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* When using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|WikiEditor]] (also known as the 2010 wikitext editor), people will now see a warning if they link to disambiguation pages.  If you click &quot;{{int:Disambiguator-review-link}}&quot; in the warning, it will ask you to correct the link to a more specific term. You can [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages#Jan 12, 2021: Turning on the changes for all Wikis|read more information]] about this completed 2021 Community Wishlist item.
* You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#subscribe|automatically subscribe to all of the talk page discussions]] that you start or comment in using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|DiscussionTools]].  You will receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when another editor replies.  This is available at most wikis.  Go to your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]] and turn on &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263819]
* When asked to create a new page or talk page section, input fields can be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating_pages_with_preloaded_text|&quot;preloaded&quot; with some text]]. This feature is now limited to wikitext pages. This is so users can't be tricked into making malicious edits. There is a discussion about [[phab:T297725|if this feature should be re-enabled]] for some content types.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Events'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] continues. All contributors to the Wikimedia projects can propose for tools and platform improvements. The proposal phase takes place from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-10|en}} 18:00 UTC to {{#time:j xg|2022-01-23|en}} 18:00 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/FAQ|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W03&quot;/&gt;

19:55, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Tech News: 2022-04]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The following languages can now be used with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighting]]: BDD, Elpi, LilyPond, Maxima, Rita, Savi, Sed, Sophia, Spice, .SRCINFO.
* You can now access your watchlist from outside of the user menu in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|new Vector skin]]. The watchlist link appears next to the notification icons if you are at the top of the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289619]

'''Events'''
* You can see the results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award 2021]] and learn more about 14 tools which were selected this year.
* You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translate, promote]], or comment on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Proposals|the proposals]] in the Community Wishlist Survey. Voting will begin on {{#time:j xg|2022-01-28|en}}.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W04&quot;/&gt;

21:38, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Tech News: 2022-05]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] If a gadget should support the new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;?withgadget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; URL parameter that was [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|announced]] 3 weeks ago, then it must now also specify &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;supportsUrlLoad&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in the gadget definition ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#supportsUrlLoad|documentation]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29766]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* A change that was [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|announced]] last year was delayed. It is now ready to move ahead:
** The user group &lt;code&gt;oversight&lt;/code&gt; will be renamed &lt;code&gt;suppress&lt;/code&gt;. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. This is the technical name. It doesn't affect what you call the editors with this user right on your wiki. This is planned to happen in three weeks. You can comment [[phab:T112147|in Phabricator]] if you have objections. As usual, these labels can be translated on translatewiki ([[phab:T112147|direct links are available]]) or by administrators on your wiki.

'''Events'''
* You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey]] between 28 January and 11 February. The survey decides what the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W05&quot;/&gt;

17:42, 31 January 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=22721804 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Tech News: 2022-06]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* English Wikipedia recently set up a gadget for dark mode. You can enable it there, or request help from an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrator]] to set it up on your wiki ([[w:en:Wikipedia:Dark mode (gadget)|instructions and screenshot]]).
* Category counts are sometimes wrong. They will now be completely recounted at the beginning of every month. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299823]

'''Problems'''
* A code-change last week to fix a bug with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Live preview|Live Preview]] may have caused problems with some local gadgets and user-scripts. Any code with skin-specific behaviour for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;vector&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; should be updated to also check for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;vector-2022&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [[phab:T300987|A code-snippet, global search, and example are available]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W06&quot;/&gt;

21:15, 7 February 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Tech News: 2022-07]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Purge|Purging]] a category page with fewer than 5,000 members will now recount it completely. This will allow editors to fix incorrect counts when it is wrong. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85696]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;rmspecials()&lt;/code&gt; function has been updated so that it does not remove the &quot;space&quot; character. Wikis are advised to wrap all the uses of &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;rmspecials()&lt;/code&gt; with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;rmwhitespace()&lt;/code&gt; wherever necessary to keep filters' behavior unchanged. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263024]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W07&quot;/&gt;

19:18, 14 February 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Tech News: 2022-08]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[Special:Nuke|Special:Nuke]] will now provide the standard deletion reasons (editable at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]]&lt;/bdi&gt;) to use when mass-deleting pages. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Admins and patrollers/Mass-delete to offer drop-down of standard reasons, or templated reasons.|a request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T25020]
* At Wikipedias, all new accounts now get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] by default when creating an account. Communities are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Account_creation|update their help resources]]. Previously, only 80% of new accounts would get the Growth features. A few Wikipedias remain unaffected by this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301820]
* You can now prevent specific images that are used in a page from appearing in other locations, such as within PagePreviews or Search results. This is done with the markup &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;class=notpageimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. For example, &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[File:Example.png|class=notpageimage]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301588]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There has been a change to the HTML of Special:Contributions, Special:MergeHistory, and History pages, to support the grouping of changes by date in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva_Neue|the mobile skin]]. While unlikely, this may affect gadgets and user scripts. A [[phab:T298638|list of all the HTML changes]] is on Phabricator.

'''Events'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Results|Community Wishlist Survey results]] have been published. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2022 results#leaderboard|ranking of prioritized proposals]] is also available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The software to play videos and audio files on pages will change soon on all wikis. The old player will be removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Toolforge's underlying operating system is being updated. If you maintain any tools there, there are two options for migrating your tools into the new system.  There are [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Stretch deprecation|details, deadlines, and instructions]] on Wikitech. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EPJFISC52T7OOEFH5YYMZNL57O4VGSPR/]
* Administrators will soon have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/(Un)delete associated talk page|the option to delete/undelete]] the associated &quot;talk&quot; page when they are deleting a given page. An API endpoint with this option will also be available. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Admins and patrollers/(Un)delete associated talk page|a request from the 2021 Wishlist Survey]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W08&quot;/&gt;

19:12, 21 February 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Tech News: 2022-09]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* When searching for edits by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tags|change tags]], e.g. in page history or user contributions, there is now a dropdown list of possible tags. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Miscellaneous/Improve plain-text change tag selector|a request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T27909]
* Mentors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor_dashboard|Growth Mentor dashboard]] will now see newcomers assigned to them who have made at least one edit, up to 200 edits. Previously, all newcomers assigned to the mentor were visible on the dashboard, even ones without any edit or ones who made hundred of edits. Mentors can still change these values using the filters on their dashboard. Also, the last choice of filters will now be saved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301268][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T294460]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The user group &lt;code&gt;oversight&lt;/code&gt; was renamed &lt;code&gt;suppress&lt;/code&gt;. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. You may need to update any local references to the old name, e.g. gadgets, links to Special:Listusers, or uses of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words|NUMBERINGROUP]].

'''Problems'''
* The recent change to the HTML of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tracking changes|tracking changes]] pages caused some problems for screenreaders. This is being fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298638]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* Working with templates will become easier. [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Templates|Several improvements]] are planned for March 9 on most wikis and on March 16 on English Wikipedia. The improvements include: Bracket matching, syntax highlighting colors, finding and inserting templates, and related visual editor features.
* If you are a template developer or an interface administrator, and you are intentionally overriding or using the default CSS styles of user feedback boxes (the classes: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;successbox, messagebox, errorbox, warningbox&lt;/code&gt;), please note that these classes and associated CSS will soon be removed from MediaWiki core. This is to prevent problems when the same class-names are also used on a wiki. Please let us know by commenting at [[phab:T300314]] if you think you might be affected.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W09&quot;/&gt;

22:59, 28 February 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Tech News: 2022-10]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with some interface labels last week. It will be fixed this week. This change was part of ongoing work to simplify the support for skins which do not have active maintainers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301203]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W10&quot;/&gt;

21:16, 7 March 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Tech News: 2022-11]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the Wikipedia Android app [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Communication#Updates|it is now possible]] to change the toolbar at the bottom so the tools you use more often are easier to click on. The app now also has a focused reading mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296753][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254771]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with the collection of some page-view data from June 2021 to January 2022 on all wikis. This means the statistics are incomplete. To help calculate which projects and regions were most affected, relevant datasets are being retained for 30 extra days. You can [[m:Talk:Data_retention_guidelines#Added_exception_for_page_views_investigation|read more on Meta-wiki]].
* There was a problem with the databases on March 10. All wikis were unreachable for logged-in users for 12 minutes. Logged-out users could read pages but could not edit or access uncached content then. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2022-03-10_MediaWiki_availability]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* When [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message#Finding_messages_and_documentation|using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;uselang=qqx&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to find localisation messages]], it will now show all possible message keys for navigation tabs such as &quot;{{int:vector-view-history}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300069]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Access to [[{{#special:RevisionDelete}}]] has been expanded to include users who have &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;deletelogentry&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;deletedhistory&lt;/code&gt; rights through their group memberships. Before, only those with the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;deleterevision&lt;/code&gt; right could access this special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301928]
* On the [[{{#special:Undelete}}]] pages for diffs and revisions, there will be a link back to the main Undelete page with the list of revisions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284114]

'''Future changes'''
*  The Wikimedia Foundation has announced the IP Masking implementation strategy and next steps. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#feb25|announcement can be read here]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Android FAQ|Wikipedia Android app]] developers are working on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|new functions]] for user talk pages and article talk pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T297617]

'''Events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place as a hybrid event on 20-22 May 2022. The Hackathon will be held online and there are grants available to support local in-person meetups around the world. Grants can be requested until 20 March.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W11&quot;/&gt;

22:07, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Tech News: 2022-12]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Translations]] are available.

'''New code release schedule for this week'''
* There will be four MediaWiki releases this week, instead of just one. This is an experiment which should lead to fewer problems and to faster feature updates. The releases will be on all wikis, at different times, on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Release Engineering Team/Trainsperiment week|read more about this project]].

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now set how many search results to show by default in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|your Preferences]]. This was the 12th most popular wish in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Results|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T215716]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Jupyter notebooks tool [[wikitech:PAWS|PAWS]] has been updated to a new interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295043]

'''Future changes'''
* Interactive maps via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] will soon work on wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevisions]] extension. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Kartographer-Workflows-EN/ Please tell us] which improvements you want to see in Kartographer. You can take this survey in simple English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W12&quot;/&gt;

16:01, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Tech News: 2022-13]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a simple new Wikimedia Commons upload tool available for macOS users, [[c:Commons:Sunflower|Sunflower]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of regular database maintenance. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-03-29|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-03-31|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301850][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303798]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W13&quot;/&gt;

19:54, 28 March 2022 (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Tech News: 2022-14]] ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* For a few days last week, edits that were suggested to newcomers were not tagged in the [[{{#special:recentchanges}}]] feed. This bug has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304747]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future changes'''
* Starting next week, Tech News' title will be translatable. When the newsletter is distributed, its title may not be &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;Tech News: 2022-14&lt;/code&gt; anymore. It may affect some filters that have been set up by some communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302920]
* Over the next few months, the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; Growth feature [[phab:T304110|will become available to more Wikipedias]]. Each week, a few wikis will get the feature. You can test this tool at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth#deploymentstable|a few wikis where &quot;Link recommendation&quot; is already available]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W14&quot;/&gt;

21:01, 4 April 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new public status page at &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikimediastatus.net/ www.wikimediastatus.net]&lt;/span&gt;. This site shows five automated high-level metrics where you can see the overall health and performance of our wikis' technical environment. It also contains manually-written updates for widespread incidents, which are written as quickly as the engineers are able to do so while also fixing the actual problem. The site is separated from our production infrastructure and hosted by an external service, so that it can be accessed even if the wikis are briefly unavailable. You can [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/03/31/announcing-www-wikimediastatus-net/ read more about this project].
* On Wiktionary wikis, the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W15&quot;/&gt;

19:44, 11 April 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-19|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-21|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Administrators will now have [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/(Un)delete associated talk page|the option to delete/undelete the associated &quot;Talk&quot; page]] when they are deleting a given page. An API endpoint with this option is also available. This concludes the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Admins and patrollers/(Un)delete associated talk page|11th wish of the 2021 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* On [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#test-wikis|selected wikis]], 50% of logged-in users will see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Table of contents|table of contents]]. When scrolling up and down the page, the table of contents will stay in the same place on the screen. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304169]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Message boxes produced by MediaWiki code will no longer have these CSS classes: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;successbox&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;errorbox&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;warningbox&lt;/code&gt;. The styles for those classes and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;messagebox&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from MediaWiki core. This only affects wikis that use these classes in wikitext, or change their appearance within site-wide CSS. Please review any local usage and definitions for these classes you may have. This was previously announced in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|28 February issue of Tech News]].

'''Future changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] will become compatible with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevisions page stabilization]]. Kartographer maps will also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions] The Kartographer documentation has been thoroughly updated. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Getting_started] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/Maps] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W16&quot;/&gt;

23:11, 18 April 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group1.dblist many wikis] (group 1), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Some very old browsers and operating systems are no longer supported. Some things on the wikis might look weird or not work in very old browsers like Internet Explorer 9 or 10, Android 4, or Firefox 38 or older. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306486]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W17&quot;/&gt;

22:56, 25 April 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group2.dblist all remaining wikis] (group 2), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The developers are working on talk pages in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|Wikipedia app for iOS]]. You can [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9GBcHczQGLbQWTY give feedback]. You can take the survey in English, German, Hebrew or Chinese.
* [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements#Status_and_next_steps|Most wikis]] will receive an [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements|improved template dialog]] in VisualEditor and New Wikitext mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296759] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306967]
* If you use syntax highlighting while editing wikitext, you can soon activate a [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|colorblind-friendly color scheme]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306867]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Several CSS IDs related to MediaWiki interface messages will be removed. Technical editors should please [[phab:T304363|review the list of IDs and links to their existing uses]]. These include &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;#mw-anon-edit-warning&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;#mw-undelete-revision&lt;/code&gt; and 3 others.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W18&quot;/&gt;

19:33, 2 May 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-19 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now see categories in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia app for Android]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73966]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, there was a problem with Wikidata's search autocomplete. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307586]
* Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 20 minutes, for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a problem with a database change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307647]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305217#7894966]
*  [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation#Current issues|Incompatibility issues]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] and the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]] will be fixed: Deployment is planned for May 10 on all wikis. Kartographer will then be enabled on the [[phab:T307348|five wikis which have not yet enabled the extension]] on May 24.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] skin will be set as the default on several more wikis, including Arabic and Catalan Wikipedias. Logged-in users will be able to switch back to the old Vector (2010). See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|latest update]] about Vector (2022).

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place on 17 May. The following meetings are currently planned for: 7 June, 21 June, 5 July, 19 July.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W19&quot;/&gt;

15:22, 9 May 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-20 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* Some wikis can soon use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|add a link]] feature. This will start on Wednesday. The wikis are {{int:project-localized-name-cawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-svwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place online on May 20–22. It will be in English. There are also local [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022/Meetups|hackathon meetups]] in Germany, Ghana, Greece, India, Nigeria and the United States. Technically interested Wikimedians can work on software projects and learn new skills. You can also host a session or post a project you want to work on.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You can soon edit translatable pages in the visual editor. Translatable pages exist on for examples Meta and Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/05/12/mediawiki-1-38-brings-support-for-editing-translatable-pages-with-the-visual-editor/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W20&quot;/&gt;

18:58, 16 May 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-21 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Administrators using the mobile web interface can now access Special:Block directly from user pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307341]
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wiktionary.org/ www.wiktionary.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal page now uses an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304629]

'''Problems'''
* The Growth team maintains a mentorship program for newcomers. Previously, newcomers weren't able to opt out from the program. Starting May 19, 2022, newcomers are able to fully opt out from Growth mentorship, in case they do not wish to have any mentor at all. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287915]
* Some editors cannot access the content translation tool if they load it by clicking from the contributions menu. This problem is being worked on. It should still work properly if accessed directly via Special:ContentTranslation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308802]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and user scripts developers are invited to give feedback on a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Extension:Gadget/Policy|proposed technical policy]] aiming to improve support from MediaWiki developers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308686]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W21&quot;/&gt;

00:21, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-22 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]]  In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, an &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ip_in_ranges()&lt;/code&gt; function has been introduced to check if an IP is in any of the ranges. Wikis are advised to combine multiple &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ip_in_range()&lt;/code&gt; expressions joined by &lt;code&gt;|&lt;/code&gt; into a single expression for better performance. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305017]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature|IP Info feature]] which helps abuse fighters access information about IPs, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May 24, 2022|has been deployed]] to all wikis as a beta feature. This comes after weeks of beta testing on test.wikipedia.org.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at most wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]]  The [[:mw:Special:ApiHelp/query+usercontribs|list=usercontribs API]] will support fetching contributions from an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Range blocks#Non-technical explanation|IP range]] soon. API users can set the &lt;code&gt;uciprange&lt;/code&gt; parameter to get contributions from any IP range within [[:mw:Manual:$wgRangeContributionsCIDRLimit|the limit]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T177150]
* A new parser function will be introduced: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{=}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. It will replace existing templates named &quot;=&quot;. It will insert an [[w:en:Equals sign|equal sign]]. This can be used to escape the equal sign in the parameter values of templates. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91154]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W22&quot;/&gt;

20:28, 30 May 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-23 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;str_replace_regexp()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; function can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to replace parts of text using a [[w:en:Regular expression|regular expression]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285468]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W23&quot;/&gt;

02:46, 7 June 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23366979 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-24 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* All wikis can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps. Kartographer maps now also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307348]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300471]
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-abwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-acewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-adywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-akwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-alswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-amwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-anwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-angwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-astwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-atjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-avwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-aywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azbwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304548]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at Commons, Wikidata, and some other wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place today (13 June). The following meetings will take place on: 28 June, 12 July, 26 July.

'''Future changes'''
* By the end of July, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]] skin should be ready to become the default across all wikis. Discussions on how to adjust it to the communities' needs will begin in the next weeks. It will always be possible to revert to the previous version on an individual basis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W24&quot;/&gt;

16:58, 13 June 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-25 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia App for Android]] now has an option for editing the whole page at once, located in the overflow menu (three-dots menu [[File:Ic more vert 36px.svg|15px|link=|alt=]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T103622]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some recent database changes may affect queries using the [[m:Research:Quarry|Quarry tool]]. Queries for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;site_stats&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; at English Wikipedia, Commons, and Wikidata will need to be updated. [[phab:T306589|Read more]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;user_global_editcount&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; variable can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to avoid affecting globally active users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T130439]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Users of non-responsive skins (e.g. MonoBook or Vector) on mobile devices may notice a slight change in the default zoom level. This is intended to optimize zooming and ensure all interface elements are present on the page (for example the table of contents on Vector 2022). In the unlikely event this causes any problems with how you use the site, we'd love to understand better, please ping &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt; to any on-wiki conversations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306910]

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid's HTML output will soon stop annotating file links with different &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;typeof&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute values, and instead use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:File&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for all types. Tool authors should adjust any code that expects: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Image&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Audio&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw:Video&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273505]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W25&quot;/&gt;

20:18, 20 June 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-26 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] API service now has self-service accounts with free on-demand requests and monthly snapshots ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/ API documentation]). Community access [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#community-access|via database dumps &amp; Wikimedia Cloud Services]] continues.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wiktionary#lua|All Wikimedia wikis can now use Wikidata Lexemes in Lua]] after creating local modules and templates. Discussions are welcome [[d:Wikidata_talk:Lexicographical_data#You_can_now_reuse_Wikidata_Lexemes_on_all_wikis|on the project talk page]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311033]
*  Some global and cross-wiki services will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} at 06:00 UTC. This will impact ContentTranslation, Echo, StructuredDiscussions, Growth experiments and a few more services. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300472]
* Users will be able to sort columns within sortable tables in the mobile skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233340]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (28 June). The following meetings will take place on 12 July and 26 July.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W26&quot;/&gt;

20:02, 27 June 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-27 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] This change only affects pages in the main namespace in Wikisource. The Javascript config variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;proofreadpage_source_href&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be removed from &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and be replaced with the variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prpSourceIndexPage&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309490]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W27&quot;/&gt;

19:32, 4 July 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-28 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], the page title is now displayed above the tabs such as Discussion, Read, Edit, View history, or More. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates#Page title/tabs switch|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303549]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] It is now possible to easily view most of the configuration settings that apply to just one wiki, and to compare settings between two wikis if those settings are different. For example: [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=jawiktionary Japanese Wiktionary settings], or [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=eswiki&amp;compare=eowiki settings that are different between the Spanish and Esperanto Wikipedias]. Local communities may want to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting_wiki_configuration_changes|discuss and propose changes]] to their local settings. Details about each of the named settings can be found by [[mw:Special:Search|searching MediaWiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308932]
*The Anti-Harassment Tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May|recently deployed]] the IP Info Feature as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature at all wikis]]. This feature allows abuse fighters to access information about IP addresses. Please check our update on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#April|how to find and use the tool]]. Please share your feedback using a link you will be given within the tool itself.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W28&quot;/&gt;

19:24, 11 July 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-29 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* The feature on mobile web for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:NearbyPages|Nearby Pages]] was missing last week. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312864]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Forum|Technical Decision Forum]] is seeking [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Community_representation|community representatives]]. You can apply on wiki or by emailing &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;TDFSupport@wikimedia.org&lt;/span&gt; before 12 August.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W29&quot;/&gt;

22:59, 18 July 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-30 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikibooks.org/ www.wikibooks.org]&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikiquote.org/ www.wikiquote.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal pages now use an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179]

'''Problems'''
*  Last week, some wikis were in read-only mode for a few minutes because of an emergency switch of their main database ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313383]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The external link icon will change slightly in the skins Vector legacy and Vector 2022. The new icon uses simpler shapes to be more recognizable on low-fidelity screens. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T261391]
* Administrators will now see buttons on user pages for &quot;{{int:changeblockip}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:unblockip}}&quot; instead of just &quot;{{int:blockip}}&quot; if the user is already blocked. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308570]

'''Future meetings'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (26 July).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W30&quot;/&gt;

19:27, 25 July 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Improved [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Phantom|LaTeX capabilities for math rendering]] are now available in the wikis thanks to supporting &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Phantom&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tags. This completes part of [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Editing/Missing_LaTeX_capabilities_for_math_rendering|the #59 wish]] of the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup0.dblist Group 0]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]].

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]].

'''Future meetings'''
* This week, three meetings about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] with live interpretation will take place. On Tuesday, interpretation in Russian will be provided. On Thursday, meetings for Arabic and Spanish speakers will take place. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|See how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W31&quot;/&gt;

21:21, 1 August 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script|GUS2Wiki]] copies the information from [[{{#special:GadgetUsage}}]] to an on-wiki page so you can review its history. If your project isn't already listed on the [[d:Q113143828|Wikidata entry for Project:GUS2Wiki]] you can either run GUS2Wiki yourself or [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script#Opting|make a request to receive updates]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121049]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-09|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-11|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future meetings'''
* The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place online from August 12–14. Don't miss [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|the pre-hacking showcase]] to learn about projects and find collaborators. Anyone can [[phab:/project/board/6030/|propose a project]] or [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|host a session]]. [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Newcomers|Newcomers are welcome]]!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W32&quot;/&gt;

19:50, 8 August 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Persian (Farsi) Wikipedia community decided to block IP editing from October 2021 to April 2022. The Wikimedia Foundation's Product Analytics team tracked the impact of this change. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Editing Restriction Study/Farsi Wikipedia|An impact report]] is now available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup1.dblist Group 1]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]].

'''Future changes'''
* The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August.  Discussions will look different.  You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#4_August_2022][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312672]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W33&quot;/&gt;

21:08, 15 August 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Two problems with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps have been fixed. Maps are no longer shown as empty when a geoline was created via VisualEditor. Geolines consisting of points with QIDs (e.g., subway lines) are no longer shown with pushpins. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292613][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308560]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* The colours of links and visited links will change. This is to make the difference between links and other text more clear. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213778]

'''Future changes'''
* The new [{{int:discussiontools-topicsubscription-button-subscribe}}] button [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications#12 August 2022|helps newcomers get answers]].  The Editing team is enabling this tool everywhere.  You can turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284489]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W34&quot;/&gt;

00:12, 23 August 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] is available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup2.dblist Group 2]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. Please note that when this Beta feature is enabled, it may cause conflicts with some wiki-specific Gadgets.

'''Problems'''
* In recent months, there have been inaccurate numbers shown for various [[{{#special:statistics}}]] at Commons, Wikidata, and English Wikipedia. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315693]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation wants to improve how Wikimedia communities report harmful incidents by building the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System|Private Incident Reporting System (PIRS)]] to make it easy and safe for users to make reports. You can leave comments on the talk page, by answering the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System#Phase 1|questions provided]].  If you have ever faced a harmful situation that you wanted to report/reported, join a PIRS interview to share your experience. To sign up [[m:Special:EmailUser/MAna_(WMF)|please email]] &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:MAna (WMF)|Madalina Ana]]&lt;/span&gt;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W35&quot;/&gt;

23:05, 29 August 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On Special pages that only have one tab, the tab-bar's row will be hidden in the Vector-2022 skin to save space. The row will still show if Gadgets use it. Gadgets that currently append directly to the CSS id of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#p-namespaces&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; should be updated to use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortletLink|mw.util.addPortletLink]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; function instead. Gadgets that style this id should consider also targeting &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#p-associated-pages&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, the new id for this row. [[phab:T316908|Examples are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316908][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313409]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W36&quot;/&gt;

23:22, 5 September 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-37 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The search servers have been upgraded to a new major version. If you notice any issues with searching, please report them on [[phab:project/view/1849/|Phabricator]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/XPCTYYTN67FVFKN6XOHULJVGUO44J662]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|Syntax highlighting]] is now tracked as an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgExpensiveParserFunctionLimit|expensive parser function]]. Only 500 expensive function calls can be used on a single page. Pages that exceed the limit are added to a [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:expensive-parserfunction-category}}|tracking category]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316858]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W37&quot;/&gt;

01:50, 13 September 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-38 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two database fields in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;templatelinks&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table are now being dropped: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_namespace&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_title&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Any queries that rely on these fields need to be changed to use the new normalization field called &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tl_target_id&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. See &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T299417|T299417]]&lt;/span&gt; for more information. This is part of [[w:Database normalization|normalization]] of links tables. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/U2U6TXIBABU3KDCVUOITIGI5OJ4COBSW/][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:ASarabadani_(WMF)/Database_for_devs_toolkit/Concepts/Normalization]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* In [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps, you can use icons on markers for common points of interest. On Tuesday, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Icons|previous icon set]] will be updated to [https://de.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Hilfe:Extension:Kartographer/Icons version maki 7.2]. That means, around 100 new icons will be available.  Additionally, all existing icons were updated for clarity and to make them work better in international contexts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302861][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Update_maki_icons]

'''Future changes'''
* In a [[m:Content_Partnerships_Hub/Software/Volunteer_developers_discussion_at_Wikimania_2022|group discussion at Wikimania]], more than 30 people talked about how to make content partnership software in the Wikimedia movement more sustainable. What kind of support is acceptable for volunteer developers? Read the summary and [[m:Talk:Content Partnerships Hub/Software/Volunteer developers discussion at Wikimania 2022|leave your feedback]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W38&quot;/&gt;

&lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/span&gt; 22:16, 19 September 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23826293 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-39 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid clients should be updated to allow for space-separated multi-values in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;rel&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute of links. Further details are in &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T315209|T315209]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|Visual diffs]] will become available to all users, except at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.  They should be easier to use and provide more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile]
* In the [[mw:Lua/Scripting|{{ns:828}}]] namespace, pages ending with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.json&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be treated as JSON, just like they already are in the {{ns:2}} and {{ns:8}} namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T144475]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W39&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:30, 27 September 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23860085 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-40 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now show geopoints from Wikidata, via QID or SPARQL query. Previously, this was only possible for geoshapes and geolines. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307695] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints_via_QID]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2022]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 12 October.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.  They should be easier to use and provide more information. (Last week's release was delayed) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;scribunto-console&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API module will require a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Tokens|CSRF token]]. This module is documented as internal and use of it is not supported. [[phab:T212071|[5]]] 
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikimedia projects. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#Deployment_plan_and_timeline|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W40&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:23, 4 October 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23885489 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-41 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* On some wikis, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps in full size view will be able to display nearby articles. After a feedback period, more wikis will follow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316782][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W41&quot;/&gt;

14:08, 10 October 2022 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2022-42 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The recently implemented feature of [[phab:T306883|article thumbnails in Special:Search]] will be limited to Wikipedia projects only. Further details are in [[phab:T320510|T320510]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Data_Across_Wikimedia/Search_Improvements]
* A bug that caused problems in loading article thumbnails in Special:Search has been fixed. Further details are in [[phab:T320406|T320406]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.loadJsonData|mw.loadJsonData()]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to load data from JSON pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217500]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can enable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Strict_library|require( &quot;strict&quot; )]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to add errors for some possible code problems. This replaces &quot;[[wikidata:Q16748603|Module:No globals]]&quot; on most wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209310]

'''Future changes'''
* The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated at most wikis. The &quot;{{int:discussiontools-replylink}}&quot; button will look different after this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320683]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W42&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:46, 17 October 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23943992 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-43 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There have been some minor visual fixes in Special:Search, regarding audio player alignment and image placeholder height. Further details are in [[phab:T319230|T319230]].
* On Wikipedias, a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|preference]] has been added to hide article thumbnails in Special:Search. Full details are in [[phab:T320337|T320337]].

'''Problems'''
* Last week, three wikis ({{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruwiki/en}}) had read-only access for 25 minutes. This was caused by a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320990]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-aswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-banwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-barwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bat smgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bclwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-be x oldwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-biwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bjnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bpywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-brwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bxrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304549] 
* Starting on Wednesday October 26, 2022, the list of mentors will be upgraded [[d:Q14339834 | at wikis where Growth mentorship is available]]. The mentorship system will continue to work as it does now. The signup process [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#add|will be replaced]], and a new management option will be provided. Also, this change simplifies [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#create|the creation of mentorship systems at Wikipedias]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314858][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310905][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured_mentor_list]
* Pages with titles that start with a lower-case letter according to Unicode 11 will be renamed or deleted. There is a list of affected pages at &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:Unicode 11 case map migration]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. More information can be found at [[phab:T292552|T292552]].
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikipedias. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#smallest-1|Learn more]].

'''Future changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|New Topic tool]] will soon get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special characters|special characters menu]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249072]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W43&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:22, 24 October 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23975411 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-44 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* When using keyboard navigation on a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map, the focus will become more visible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315997]
* In {{#special:RecentChanges}}, you can now hide the log entries for new user creations with the filter for &quot;{{int:rcfilters-filter-newuserlogactions-label}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321155]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|maps dialog]] in VisualEditor now has some help texts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318818]
* It is now possible to select the language of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor via a dropdown menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318817]
* It is now possible to add a caption to a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318815]
* It is now possible to hide the frame of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318813]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W44&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:15, 31 October 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=23977539 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-45 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* An updated version of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/EventCenter/Registration|Event Registration]] tool is now available for testing at [[testwiki:|testwiki]] and [[test2wiki:| test2wiki]]. The tool provides features for event organizers and participants. Your feedback is welcome at our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|project talkpage]]. More information about [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|the project]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318592]

'''Problems'''
* Twice last week, for about 45 minutes, some files and thumbnails failed to load and uploads failed, mostly for logged-in users. The cause is being investigated and an incident report will be available soon.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W45&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:32, 8 November 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24001035 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-46 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* At Wikidata, an interwiki link can now point to a redirect page if certain conditions are met. This new feature is called [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Sitelinks_to_redirects|sitelinks to redirects]]. It is needed when one wiki uses one page to cover multiple concepts but another wiki uses more pages to cover the same concepts. Your [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata talk:Sitelinks to redirects|feedback on the talkpage]] of the new proposed guideline is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278962]
* The &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikinews.org/ www.wikinews.org]&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikiversity.org/ www.wikiversity.org]&lt;/span&gt;, and &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikivoyage.org/ www.wikivoyage.org]&lt;/span&gt; portal pages now use an automated update system. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* There will be a new link to directly &quot;Edit template data&quot; on Template pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316759]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis where mobile [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] are enabled ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Deployment Status|these ones]]) will soon use full CSS styling to display any templates that are placed at the top of talk pages. To adapt these “talk page boxes” for narrow mobile devices you can use media queries, such as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/tmbox.css&amp;oldid=1097618699#L-69 this example]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312309]
* Starting in January 2023, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2023 Changes Update|running the Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) every two years]]. This means that in 2024, there will be no new proposals or voting.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W46&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:54, 14 November 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24071290 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-47 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The display of non-free media in the search bar and for article thumbnails in Special:Search has been deactivated. Further details are in [[phab:T320661|T320661]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-22|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-24|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W47&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:22, 21 November 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24071290 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-48 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* A new preference, “Enable limited width mode”, has been added to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|Vector 2022 skin]]. The preference is also available as a toggle on every page if your monitor is 1600 pixels or wider. It allows for increasing the width of the page for logged-out and logged-in users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319449]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]).
* Mathematical formulas shown in SVG image format will no longer have PNG fall-backs for browsers that don't support them. This is part of work to modernise the generation system. Showing only PNG versions was the default option until in February 2018. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3BGOKWJIZGL4TC4HJ22ICRU2SEPWGCR4/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311620][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186327]
* On [[phab:P40224|some wikis]] that use flagged revisions, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs#Special:Contributions|a new checkbox will be added]] to Special:Contributions that enables you to see only the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]] by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321445]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change early next week at [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train#Wednesday group1 wikis] (but not Wikimedia Commons or Meta-Wiki). This change improves the accessibility of content, and makes it easier to write related CSS. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W48&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:03, 28 November 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24114342 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-49 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Wikisources use a tool called ProofreadPage. ProofreadPage uses OpenSeadragon which is an open source tool. The OpenSeadragon JavaScript API has been significantly re-written to support dynamically loading images. The functionality provided by the older version of the API should still work but it is no longer supported. User scripts and gadgets should migrate over to the newer version of the API. The functionality provided by the newer version of the API is [[mw:Extension:Proofread_Page/Page_viewer#JS_API|documented on MediaWiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Proofread_Page/Edit-in-Sequence]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W49&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:41, 6 December 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24151590 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-50 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* An [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|A/B test has begun]] at 15 Wikipedias for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools on mobile]].  Half of the editors on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile|mobile web site]] will have access to the {{int:discussiontools-replybutton}} tool and other features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321961]
* The character &lt;code&gt;=&lt;/code&gt; cannot be used in new usernames, to make usernames work better with templates. Existing usernames are not affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254045]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers|show discussion metadata below section headings]] will be inserted after these headings, not inside of them. This change improves the accessibility of discussion pages for screen reader software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314714]

'''Events'''
* The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210002 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! The event will be live-streamed on YouTube in the [https://www.youtube.com/user/watchmediawiki MediaWiki channel] and added to Commons afterwards.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W50&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:34, 12 December 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24216570 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2022-51 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2022-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 9 January 2023.

'''Recent changes'''
* On a user's contributions page, you can filter it for edits with a tag like 'reverted'. Now, you can also filter for all edits that are not tagged like that. This was part of a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T119072]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new function has been used for gadget developers to add content underneath the title on article pages. This is considered a stable API that should work across all skins. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addSubtitle|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316830]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[test2wiki:|One of our test wikis]] is now being served from a new infrastructure powered by [[w:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] ([[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more]]). More Wikis will switch to this new infrastructure in early 2023. Please test and let us know of any issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290536]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, all wikis had no edit access for 9 minutes. This was caused by a database problem. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2022-12-13_sessionstore]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.
* The word &quot;{{int:discussiontools-replybutton}}&quot; is very short in some languages, such as Arabic (&quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;ردّ&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;). This makes the {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} button on talk pages difficult to use. An arrow icon will be added to those languages. This will only be visible to editors who have the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] turned on. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323537]

'''Future changes'''
* Edits can be automatically &quot;tagged&quot; by the system software or the {{int:Abusefilter}} system. Those tags link to a help page about the tags. Soon they will also link to Recent Changes to let you see other edits tagged this way. This was a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301063]
* The Trust &amp; Safety tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System/Timeline and Updates|have shared new plans]] for building the Private Incident Reporting System. The system will make it easier for editors to ask for help if they are harassed or abused. 
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime Preview for Wikitext]] is coming out of beta as an enabled feature for every user of the 2010 Wikitext [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editor|editor]] in the week of January 9, 2023. It will be available to use via the toolbar in the 2010 Wikitext editor. The feature was the 4th most popular wish of the Community Wishlist Survey 2021.

'''Events'''
* You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2023/Participate|register for the Wikimedia Hackathon 2023]], taking place on May 19–21 in Athens, Greece. You can also apply for a scholarship until January 14th.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2022-W51&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:00, 20 December 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24258101 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-02 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can use tags to filter edits in the recent changes feed or on your watchlist. You can now use tags to filter out edits you don't want to see. Previously you could only use tags to focus on the edits with those tags. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174349]
* [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] shows all pages that link to a specific page. There is now a [https://wlh.toolforge.org prototype] for how to sort those pages alphabetically. You can see the discussion in the [[phab:T4306|Phabricator ticket]].
* You can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thanks]] function on your watchlist and the user contribution page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51541]
* A wiki page can be moved to give it a new name. You can now get a dropdown menu with common reasons when you move a page. This is so you don't have to write the explanation every time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325257]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Matrix.org|Matrix]] is a chat tool. You can now use &lt;code&gt;matrix:&lt;/code&gt; to create Matrix links on wiki pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326021]
* You can filter out translations when you look at the recent changes on multilingual wikis. This didn't hide translation pages. You can now also hide subpages which are translation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233493]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime preview for wikitext]] is a tool which lets editors preview the page when they edit wikitext. It will be enabled for all users of the 2010 wikitext editor. You will find it in the editor toolbar.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W02&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:07, 10 January 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24342971 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-03 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in &quot;{{int:last}}&quot; links on page history now contain &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;diff=prev&amp;oldid=[revision ID]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in place of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;diff=[revision ID]&amp;oldid=[revision ID]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on &lt;code&gt;{{ns:1}}:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;{{ns:3}}:&lt;/code&gt; namespaces.  These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as &lt;code&gt;{{ns:5}}:&lt;/code&gt;.  They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including &lt;code&gt;{{ns:4}}:&lt;/code&gt; pages (e.g., at the Village Pump).  You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417]
*On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841]
* The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]].

'''Future changes'''
* The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W03&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:10, 17 January 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24381020 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-04 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907]
* The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W04&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:46, 23 January 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24418874 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-05 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W05&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:05, 31 January 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24455949 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-06 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433]
* Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as &quot;What links here&quot; in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692]
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;skins=…&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W06&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 10:21, 6 February 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24491749 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-07 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site.  You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W07&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:48, 14 February 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24540832 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-08 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
*The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February.

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W08&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:57, 21 February 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24570514 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-09 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W09&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:47, 27 February 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24634242 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-10 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023.
* On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W10&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:49, 6 March 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-11 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W11&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:20, 13 March 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-12 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].
* There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W12&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:25, 21 March 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-13 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609]
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521]
* Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:13, 28 March 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-14 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.hoverIntent&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;hover()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;on()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194]
* Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242]
* You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__ARCHIVEDTALK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word.  There will also be a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mw-archivedtalk&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221]

'''Future changes'''
* The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:39, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the &quot;{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}&quot; option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:05, 10 April 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24851886 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature &quot;{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}&quot;. Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for &quot;{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}&quot; for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246]

'''Problems'''
* At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:54, 18 April 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316]

'''Problems'''
* Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940]
* For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794]

'''Changes later this week'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:03, 24 April 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits]
* The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:45, 2 May 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-19 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wikitext&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html5&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;moin&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html+handlebars&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;preload=MediaWiki:July&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337]

'''Problems'''
* Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like &lt;bdi lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:de:Modul:Graph]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&amp;action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750]

'''Future changes'''
* During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805]
* There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] &lt;code&gt;jquery.tipsy&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with &lt;code&gt;.tipsy(&lt;/code&gt; can be commented out. &lt;code&gt;OO.ui.PopupWidget&lt;/code&gt; can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:36, 9 May 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-20 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] 

'''Future changes'''
* There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:45, 15 May 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-21 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The &quot;recent edits&quot; time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250]

'''Changes later this week'''
* An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;

16:55, 22 May 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-22 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has &quot;{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}&quot; options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - &quot;check all&quot; checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252]	

'''Problems'''
* For a few days earlier this month, the &quot;Add interlanguage link&quot; item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:03, 29 May 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25079963 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-23 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750]
* Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for &quot;{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}&quot;. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081]

'''Problems'''
* For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:52, 5 June 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25114640 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-24 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341]
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937]
* The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064]

'''Problems'''
* For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__TOC__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101]
* Currently, the &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason &gt; input&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&amp;diff=22859956&amp;oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''Future changes'''
* From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:51, 12 June 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25133779 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-25 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing &lt;code&gt;\&lt;/code&gt; or pressing &lt;code&gt;ctrl + shift + p&lt;/code&gt;. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:08, 19 June 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25159510 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-26 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;/&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to all &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prop=extlinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the &lt;code&gt;externallinks&lt;/code&gt; database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mbox-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|targets=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|skins=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter in &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition&lt;/bdi&gt;) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268]
* All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126]
* The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:18, 26 June 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25202311 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-27 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:51, 3 July 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25231546 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-28 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles.
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159]
* [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431]
* The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&amp;messages=&amp;x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the &quot;Completion&quot; for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810]
* [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218]

'''Future changes'''
* There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]
* There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:54, 10 July 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25278797 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-29 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[w:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-ca&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-gb&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthsetmentorstatus&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthmanagementorlist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:08, 17 July 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25289122 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-30 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]   On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:20, 25 July 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates.
* The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338]
* The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open &quot;office hours&quot;|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]

'''Problems'''
* It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:54, 31 July 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on &quot;{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}&quot; in your settings and use the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; button in the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:20, 7 August 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25420038 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] &lt;!-- TODO replace wiki codes --&gt;

'''Future changes'''
* A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:59, 15 August 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25428668 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868]
* From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages.
** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created:
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:blk:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540]
*** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|&lt;code&gt;s:su:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539]
** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are:
*** Wikifunctions ([[f:|&lt;code&gt;f:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|&lt;code&gt;w:gpe:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969]
*** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|&lt;code&gt;n:guw:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kbd:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|&lt;code&gt;w:fat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;

15:25, 21 August 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25497111 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166]
* Wikisource users can now use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prpbengalicurrency&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tag.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932]
* Two preferences have been relocated. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}&quot; is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|&quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab at some wikis. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}&quot; is now also shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab at all wikis, instead of the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]].
* All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;=&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]].
* A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:00, 28 August 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294]
* One new wiki has been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|&lt;code&gt;w:tly:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166]
'''Problems'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:33, 4 September 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-37 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}&quot;), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115]
* When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called &quot;[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]&quot;. Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely &quot;newsworthy&quot; topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:07, 11 September 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25589064 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-38 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:19, 18 September 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25623533 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-39 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.ui&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there.
* Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;namespaces&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces.

'''Future changes'''
* New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_groups&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_editcount&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:51, 26 September 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25655264 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-40 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for &quot;{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}&quot;. This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;&lt;var&gt;contentModels&lt;/var&gt;&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;wikitext&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;css&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:26, 3 October 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25686930 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-41 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|&lt;code&gt;w:fon:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139]
* At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under &quot;Images recommendations&quot; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#page-actions&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be replaced with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-views&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 14:39, 9 October 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-42 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click &quot;Log in&quot; or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;addPortletLink&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-namespaces&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the &quot;Discussion&quot; tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:47, 16 October 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-43 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:16, 23 October 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-44 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]).
* The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] 
* Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]].
* The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:21, 30 October 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-45 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:05, 6 November 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-46 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Four new wikis have been created:
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|&lt;code&gt;w:zgh:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|&lt;code&gt;w:dga:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|&lt;code&gt;w:bbc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320]
** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|&lt;code&gt;q:bjn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695]
* Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;meta.domain == &quot;canary&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:52, 13 November 2023 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2023-47 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] 
* The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:55, 21 November 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25884616 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-48 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499]
* The deployment of &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]&quot; announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:08, 27 November 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25906379 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-49 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754]
* The &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for &quot;{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot; will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__NEWSECTIONLINK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]].

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/]
* Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]].

'''Events'''
* Registration &amp; Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:50, 4 December 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25914435 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-50 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the &quot;choosing own vs not own work&quot; step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the &quot;impact module&quot; and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:12, 12 December 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25945501 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2023-51 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The &quot;Move Page&quot; feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]].
* The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:17, 18 December 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25959059 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-02 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:19, 9 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26026251 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-03 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as &quot;ES2015&quot;) and ES7 (&quot;ES2016&quot;). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;requiresES6&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957]
* You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388]
* An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module was deprecated and replaced with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966]

'''Future changes'''
* Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:13, 16 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26074460 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-04 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:03, 23 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26096197 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-05 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].&lt;!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--&gt; [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011]
* There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the &quot;Tools&quot; menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;targets&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;skins&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:31, 29 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26137870 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-06 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]].
*On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about &quot;action blocks&quot;]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199]

'''Future changes'''
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:22, 5 February 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26180971 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-07 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation]

'''Problems'''
*There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed.  

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 05:48, 13 February 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26223994 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-08 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* If you have the &quot;{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}&quot; option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984]
* There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively.
*Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]].
*The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid.
* The CSS &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; property can now be used in HTML &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;style&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:36, 19 February 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26254282 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-09 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value &lt;code&gt;wgGlobalGroups&lt;/code&gt; now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get(&quot;wgGlobalGroups&quot;)))&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;changetags&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:23, 26 February 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26294125 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-10 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Special:Book&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; page (as well as the associated &quot;Create a book&quot; functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437]
* [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace.  Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details.
* Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget_definition&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespaces and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;gadgets-definition-edit&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272]
* A usability improvement to the &quot;Add a citation&quot; in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
*  All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233]
* The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;?useparsoid=1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]).
*

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:47, 4 March 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26329807 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-11 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498]
*The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:04, 11 March 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26374013 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-12 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The notice &quot;Language links are at the top of the page&quot; that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/]
* Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746]

'''Problems'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:39, 18 March 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26410165 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-13 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:56, 25 March 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26446209 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-14 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:36, 2 April 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26462933 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey.
* Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727]
* Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:37, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the &quot;{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}&quot; tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435]
* A new variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;page_last_edit_age&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769]

'''Future changes'''
* Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:29, 15 April 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086]
* You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:28, 22 April 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26647188 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''

[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491]
* Seven new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|&lt;code&gt;w:bew:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|&lt;code&gt;w:kus:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|&lt;code&gt;w:igl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kaa:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|&lt;code&gt;s:my:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|&lt;code&gt;s:ms:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|&lt;code&gt;s:ka:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085]
* You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501]
* Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]].

'''Problems'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mapstyle=&quot;osm&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:33, 30 April 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-19 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the &lt;code&gt;SiteAdminHelper&lt;/code&gt;. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled &quot;All public logs&quot;, but it only shows some logs. This label will now say &quot;Main public logs&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729]

'''Future changes'''
* A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension.
* Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot;. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:44, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-20 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214]
* If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] &quot;{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}&quot;, then the template-page feature &quot;{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}&quot; will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907]
* [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute. This is identical in usage to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137]
* The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]&quot; feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295]

'''Future changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; database table (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table instead (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). In your existing SQL queries:
*# Replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN linktarget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;ON&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; statement
*# Below that add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;
** See &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T222224]]&lt;/bdi&gt; for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:58, 13 May 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26762074 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-21 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351]
* New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]  The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:04, 20 May 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26786311 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-22 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.collapsible&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.multicol&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.reflist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.coordinates&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.topicon&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:15, 28 May 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26832205 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-23 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086]
* The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot; to &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|&lt;code&gt;w:dtp:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:35, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26844397 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-24 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class, Parsoid now also adds the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705]

'''Problems'''
* There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-cite-backlink&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] 
* On multilingual wikis that use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;translate&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:20, 10 June 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-25 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751]
* The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954]
* The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370]

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph]
* Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]&lt;!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:48, 17 June 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-26 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717]
* The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515]

'''Problems'''
* You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:32, 24 June 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-27 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364]
* Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] 
* If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode]
* Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458]
* Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|&lt;code&gt;w:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] 

'''Problems'''
* Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119]

'''Future changes'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:59, 1 July 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27038456 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-28 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. 
* Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia.
* Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects.

'''Problems'''
* A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. 

'''Future changes'''
* The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:31, 8 July 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27080357 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-29 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page.
* The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]].
* Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]].
* Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895]
* Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:31, 16 July 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-30 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature News'''
* Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public.
* Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]
*  Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329]
* Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. 
* Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/]

'''Project Updates'''
*  Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language.

'''Learn more'''
* Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. 
* How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:04, 23 July 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]].

'''Bugs status'''
* Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing.
* Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week.

'''Project updates'''
* There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]].
* There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|&lt;code&gt;voy:cs:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] 

'''Learn more'''
* There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times.
* There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images.
* Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:10, 29 July 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. These will reduce the need for &lt;code&gt;Template:Dir&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Template:BCP47&lt;/code&gt; on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the &quot;what links here&quot; database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623]
* Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces.
* The tracking category &quot;Pages using Timeline&quot; has been renamed to &quot;Pages using the EasyTimeline extension&quot; [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match.

'''Project updates'''
* Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]].

'''Learn more'''
* There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]].
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available.
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:43, 5 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses.

'''Project updates'''
* [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|&lt;code&gt;w:bdr:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:21, 12 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]].
* Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&amp;namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&amp;namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;categories&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; property of &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372]

'''Bugs status'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with &lt;code&gt;Talk:WP:&lt;/code&gt; so that their titles start with &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia talk:&lt;/code&gt;), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]].
* Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product &amp; Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee.

'''Learn more'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers.
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:54, 20 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]].
* Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Bugs status'''
* Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization.
* Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013.

'''Learn more'''
* If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]].
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:33, 26 August 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633]
* Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243]
* Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]].

'''Project updates'''
* A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded.

'''Learn more'''
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:07, 3 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-37 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;entity:getSitelink()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356]

'''Project updates'''
*  Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]
* Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:52, 9 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-38 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Improvements and Maintenance'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]].
* The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag &quot;Edit Check (references) activated&quot; was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692]
* It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-message-box&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=&amp;title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;cdx-message&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499]

'''Technical project updates'''
* Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]

'''Tech in depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: 
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task.
** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:02, 17 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-39 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers.

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]]
* Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]&quot;. Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]].
* The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166]
* Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223]
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: 
** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too.
** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content.

'''In depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the &quot;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]&quot; and &quot;[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]&quot; subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:36, 23 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-40 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month.
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;?veaction=editsource&lt;/code&gt; to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796]
* For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the &quot;donate&quot; link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to &quot;Create an account&quot;. This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585]
* The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]].
* View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis.

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/]

'''Meetings and events'''
* October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa
* November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:20, 30 September 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-41 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new &quot;Revert Risk&quot; machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422]
* View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* It is now possible for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; code blocks to offer readers a &quot;Copy&quot; button if the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;copy=1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932]
* Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]].
* Five new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|&lt;code&gt;w:kge:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|&lt;code&gt;m:mos:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:mad:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|&lt;code&gt;q:gor:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|&lt;code&gt;n:shn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:42, 7 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-42 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722]
* WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''hastemplate''&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''incategory''&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29]
* View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the &quot;search engine&quot; option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975]

'''In depth'''
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:21, 14 October 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27597254 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-43 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the &quot;Donate&quot; button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years.
[[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]].
* Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]].
* View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556]
* It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}&lt;/code&gt; parser function. For example, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will show as &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. Previously, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#time:…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timef&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timefl&lt;/code&gt; for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{USERLANGUAGE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; instead of using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:lang}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects.
* The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content.

'''Meetings and events'''
* 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel.
* 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:52, 21 October 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-44 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia].
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set &lt;code&gt;emitTransitionOnStep&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt; to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag &lt;code&gt;allowAutomaticBack&lt;/code&gt; to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528]
*  Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the &quot;Nuke&quot; tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:56, 28 October 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27668811 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-45 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949]
* Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help.
* The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446]
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/]

'''In depth'''
* Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance.
*  The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available.  It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:50, 4 November 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27693917 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-46 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463]
* View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]&lt;/code&gt;, the logic of Wikibase function &lt;code&gt;getAllStatements&lt;/code&gt; changed to behave like &lt;code&gt;getBestStatements&lt;/code&gt;. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]].

'''In depth'''
* Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488]

'''Meetings and events'''
* 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] &amp; [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:07, 12 November 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-47 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057]
* View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380]

'''In depth'''
* There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis.

'''Meetings and events'''
* Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas.
* Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''.
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:00, 19 November 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-48 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]].
* The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for bold and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;I&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928]
* Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;bswiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;elwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;euwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiquote&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiversity&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikivoyage&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;idwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;lvwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;plwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;ptwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;urwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;viwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. 
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to &quot;protected&quot; [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;,&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and un-selecting &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Live Autocompletion&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069]

'''Meetings and events'''
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:42, 25 November 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-49 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Two new parser functions were added this week. The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the &lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt; language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]].
* Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/]
* Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;arwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;cawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;mediawikiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;orwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiktionary&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wikidatawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910]
* This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the &quot;Download as PDF&quot; system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:22, 2 December 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=27873992 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2024-50 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#wikimedia-techdocs&lt;/bdi&gt; IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted.
* The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the &quot;[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=specialcx&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=collections&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=es&amp;to=en All collection]&quot; category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;page-collection&gt; &lt;/page-collection&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion.
* The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365]
* The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveUrl&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveDate&lt;/code&gt;, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1261320172&amp;oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&amp;q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&amp;regex=1&amp;title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|&lt;code&gt;voy:id:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726]
* Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[gitiles:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system.
* The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:16, 9 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2024-51 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history.
* Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information.
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:24, 16 December 2024 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-03 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;inproject:&lt;/code&gt; keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] 
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|&lt;code&gt;w:tig:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise.
* Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt; field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139]
* Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt; until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:42, 14 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-04 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846]
* On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as &quot;manually patrolled&quot; instead of &quot;autopatrolled&quot;, which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's &quot;Insert link&quot; feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912]
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:36, 21 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-05 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year.

'''Updates for editors'''
* iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145]
* Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki_user_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; dump, the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; field will be renamed to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;is_anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:14, 27 January 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-06 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use the &quot;Special characters&quot; editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722]
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements.
* Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki.
** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json&lt;/code&gt; to include entries for &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;preprint&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;standard&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;dataset&lt;/code&gt;; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1189164774&amp;oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1270832208&amp;oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset'].
** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270829051&amp;oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270831369&amp;oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveID&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;identifier&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repository&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;organization&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repositoryLocation&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;committee&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;versionNumber&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|&lt;code&gt;w:knc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:09, 4 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-07 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''

* The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;Special pages&quot; portlet link will be moved from the &quot;Toolbox&quot; into the &quot;Navigation&quot; section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211]
* As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]&lt;/code&gt;). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a &quot;default for all languages&quot;]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511]
* The function &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;getDescription&lt;/code&gt; was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660]
* As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/related&lt;/code&gt; endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;morelike&lt;/code&gt;&quot; action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/]

'''In depth'''

* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the &quot;Contribute&quot; menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. 
* The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:12, 11 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-08 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the &lt;code&gt;{{#special:Homepage}}&lt;/code&gt; for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at &lt;code&gt;{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}&lt;/code&gt;. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]]
* Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102]
* You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324]
* When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like &quot;1.23&quot; or localized alphabetic markers like &quot;a b c&quot; in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed.  As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like &quot;1.23&quot; once the alphabetic markers are all used.
* The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements.
* A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488]
* Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640]
* Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; is deprecated. Tools requiring &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; must explicitly declare &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.Uri&lt;/code&gt; as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;URL&lt;/code&gt; API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:16, 17 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-09 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:sat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&amp;A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:41, 25 February 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-10 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; link is accessible from the &quot;{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180]
* Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw-ref&lt;/code&gt;&quot; from their local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=8&amp;title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw:referencedBy&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you.
* When editors embed a file (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[File:MediaWiki.png]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109]
* When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010]
* When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline.
* Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|&lt;code&gt;w:syl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:30, 4 March 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-11 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844]
* The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline &amp; Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;aramadan@wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt;!
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors.
* An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:09, 10 March 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-12 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC].

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=ig&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as &quot;Collections&quot;, from wiki-projects and campaigns.
* On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard.
* The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]].
* Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation.
* The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:48, 17 March 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-13 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag).
* Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time.
* Administrators at wikis that have a customized &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]&lt;/bdi&gt; should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;* specialpages-url|specialpages&lt;/code&gt;. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927]
* The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]].
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Api&lt;/code&gt; JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;userAgent&lt;/code&gt; parameter: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );&lt;/code&gt;. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:42, 24 March 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-14 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:05, 1 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;font-size&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;line-height&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;size-icon&lt;/code&gt;.
* The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:52, 7 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]
* File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for.
* To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662]
* &quot;Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?&quot; This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies.
* On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]].
* The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:24, 15 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16]
* A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Following its publication on HuggingFace, the &quot;Structured Contents&quot; dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect &quot;peacock&quot; or &quot;overly-promotional&quot; or &quot;non-neutral&quot; language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:00, 21 April 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28578245 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-18 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]].
* Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_ipindex&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_compat&lt;/code&gt; are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=es&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on &quot;Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects&quot;. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:31, 28 April 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28585685 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-19 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May.

'''Updates for editors'''
* For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released:
** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities.
** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;Intl&lt;/code&gt; library or the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.DateFormatter&lt;/code&gt; library. The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]].
* Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (&lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;wbt_*&lt;/code&gt;) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:14, 6 May 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-20 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|&quot;Get shortened URL&quot;]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]].
* Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]].
* The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|&lt;code&gt;w:nup:&lt;/code&gt;]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references.
* The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/data-parsoid&lt;/code&gt; REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:37, 12 May 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-21 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test.

'''Updates for editors'''

* From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]]  [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]].
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template.
* Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.title&lt;/code&gt; object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;isDisambiguationPage&lt;/code&gt;. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.loader.load&lt;/code&gt;. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;gitlab.wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt; without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:12, 19 May 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-22 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt; toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]&lt;/code&gt; parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019]
* This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future.
* Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].
* Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The previously deprecated &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]&lt;/code&gt; views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; views instead.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:04, 26 May 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-23 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;_default&lt;/code&gt; key in the local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]&lt;/bdi&gt; page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=clientlogin&lt;/code&gt; will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205]
* From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:55, 2 June 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-24 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716]
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121]
* Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492]
* This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]].
* Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageImage&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageAssessments&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:16, 10 June 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-25 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:38, 16 June 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-26 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001]
* Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519]
* A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates]
* The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;all_links&lt;/code&gt; variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;new_links&lt;/code&gt; for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the &quot;Add a Link&quot; Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:21, 23 June 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-27 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599]
* Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's &quot;Find in page&quot; function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special &quot;favourite list&quot;. The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W27&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:40, 30 June 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28917415 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-28 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]].
* Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22]
* Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]].
* Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]].
* It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of &quot;Connecting People through Linked Open Data&quot;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W28&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:05, 8 July 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28930584 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-29 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the &quot;featured&quot; tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now!
* [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W29&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:09, 14 July 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28980963 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-30 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the &quot;[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=fi#/ ... More]&quot; category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new &quot;{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}&quot; filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257]
* Administrators can now limit &quot;Add a Link&quot; to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|&quot;Add a Link&quot;]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test &amp; &quot;Add a Link&quot; Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 &amp; 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;beta.wmflabs.org&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;beta.wmcloud.org&lt;/code&gt;. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W30&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:42, 21 July 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29005283 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-31 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598]
* On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the &quot;no camera&quot; icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as:
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W31&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:26, 29 July 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29051727 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-32 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439]
* Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035]
* Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account&lt;/code&gt; and use a value defined in &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Ipboptions&lt;/code&gt;. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Gadgets can now include &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;.vue&lt;/code&gt; files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099]
* Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918]
* Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task.
* Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the &quot;no camera&quot; icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as:
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W32&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 03:40, 5 August 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-33 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]].
* The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an &quot;X&quot; to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other &quot;X&quot; button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944]
* Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for &quot;Group results by page&quot; on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of &quot;One common data source, multiple local wikis&quot;. Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons]
* Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.addWarning()&lt;/code&gt; function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W33&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:29, 11 August 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-34 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to &quot;Thank&quot; individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849]
* An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716]
* An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227]
* Five new wikis have been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|&lt;code&gt;s:tl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|&lt;code&gt;s:mad:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|&lt;code&gt;w:rki:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|&lt;code&gt;b:min:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:zgh:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W34&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:38, 19 August 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-35 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: &lt;code&gt;width: fit-content&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;ruby-align&lt;/code&gt;; relative units such as &lt;code&gt;lh&lt;/code&gt;; and custom strings in &lt;code&gt;list-style-type&lt;/code&gt;. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619]
* On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455]
* Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240]
* Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] 
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:bew:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. &lt;code&gt;rc_new&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;rc_type&lt;/code&gt; are being removed in favor of &lt;code&gt;rc_source&lt;/code&gt;. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use &lt;code&gt;rc_source&lt;/code&gt; instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] 
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W35&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:12, 26 August 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-36 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki]
* The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as &quot;Templates used on this page,&quot; will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066]
* On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the &lt;code&gt;Special:RecentChanges&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Special:Watchlist&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;Special:RelatedChanges&lt;/code&gt; pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789]
* Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Wikifunctions now has a new capability called &quot;lightweight enumeration types&quot;, an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more.
* The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions:
** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&amp;t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these].
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W36&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:50, 1 September 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-37 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;en.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an &quot;m&quot; domain (like &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;en.m.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the &quot;Desktop view&quot; opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998]
* When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] 
* Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698]
* Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W37&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 01:14, 9 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29238161 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-38 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* References lists that are made using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941]
* Starting in the week of October 6, on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]].
* Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including:
** for the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;intitle:&lt;/code&gt; keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;^&lt;/code&gt;) and end-of-line (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;$&lt;/code&gt;) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599]
** for both &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;intitle:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;insource:&lt;/code&gt; keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\d&lt;/code&gt;), whitespace (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\s&lt;/code&gt;), and word characters (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\w&lt;/code&gt;); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\r&lt;/code&gt;), newline (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\n&lt;/code&gt;), tab (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\t&lt;/code&gt;), and unicode (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\uHHHH&lt;/code&gt;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212]
* When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]].
* Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288]
* The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets.
* Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. 
* A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W38&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:07, 15 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29263921 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-39 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ &quot;Listen to Wikipedia&quot;] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator.
* A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#contentmodel}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254]
* Adding or editing a &lt;code&gt;DISPLAYTITLE&lt;/code&gt; for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; would no longer have the literal text &quot;DISPLAYTITLE&quot; or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. 
* Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W39&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:55, 22 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29305556 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-40 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]].
* As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]].
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]].
* On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563]
* The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test.
* The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with &lt;code&gt;sp-contributions-blocked-notice&lt;/code&gt;] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with &lt;code&gt;blocked-notice-logextract&lt;/code&gt;] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed.
* There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[ ] |&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; after the fragment identifier (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|&lt;code&gt;q:ms:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the &lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]&lt;/code&gt; function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once.
* A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product &amp; Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W40&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:52, 29 September 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29355230 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2025-41 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects.
'''Updates for editors'''
* Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like &lt;code&gt;en.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;), instead of via a redirect to an &quot;m&quot; domain (like &lt;code&gt;en.m.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the &quot;Desktop view&quot; opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998]
* New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;creationdate:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;lasteditdate:&lt;/code&gt;, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&gt;2024&lt;/code&gt;) and relative dates (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;today-1d&lt;/code&gt;), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593]
* [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402]
* An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The field &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;rev_sha1&lt;/code&gt; in the revision database table is being removed in favor of &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;content_sha1&lt;/code&gt; in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628]
* Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the &lt;code&gt;rest.php&lt;/code&gt; path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W41&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:23, 6 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-42 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. 

'''Updates for editors'''

* Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579]
* This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095]
* Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W42&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:59, 13 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-43 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;rest.php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]].
* Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W43&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:36, 20 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-44 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]].
* Autoconfirmed users on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]].
* The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/]
* Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures.
* A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]].
* Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W44&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:31, 27 October 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-45 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958]
* For users with &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools &quot;{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}&quot; or &quot;{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}&quot; widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778]
* Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861]
* Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628]
* Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as &quot;Get shortened URL&quot;. There are 30 wikis that also install an older &quot;ShortUrl&quot; extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means &lt;code&gt;/s/&lt;/code&gt; URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;class=&quot;title-shortlink&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. The &lt;code&gt;/s/&lt;/code&gt; URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188]
* On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board.
* MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W45&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:34, 3 November 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-46 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264]
* MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347]
* Using the &quot;{{int:showpreview}}&quot; or &quot;{{int:showdiff}}&quot; buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097]
* Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454]
* The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment]
* The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called &quot;Image browsing&quot; to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28.
* The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://meta.wikimedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199]
* The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from &lt;code&gt;&lt;user id&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;mw:&lt;identity type&gt;:&lt;user id&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, where &lt;code&gt;&lt;identity type&gt;&lt;/code&gt; is typically &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;CentralAuth:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;!-- not a typo --&gt; (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;local:&lt;wiki id&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the &lt;code&gt;sessionJwt&lt;/code&gt; cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199]
* MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;$9&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or emailing other users &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;$&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612]
* A &lt;code&gt;REL1_45&lt;/code&gt; branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/]
* The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W46&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:38, 10 November 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-47 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November.
* Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]].
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|&lt;code&gt;s:min:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''&quot;Report Visual Bug&quot;'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
* Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;hackathon@wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W47&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:26, 17 November 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-48 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the &quot;DWIM&quot; (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''&lt;span lang=&quot;und&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;cxfcnmt&lt;/span&gt;'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''&lt;span lang=&quot;ru&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;счастье&lt;/span&gt;'' (&quot;happiness&quot;) that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734]
* Later this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}&quot; preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
*  Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;format=xml'''&amp;xlst={stylesheet}'''&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/]
* The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://query.wikidata.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - Main graph or &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W48&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:56, 24 November 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-49 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]].
* The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476]
* Two new wikis have been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|&lt;code&gt;w:tok:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|&lt;code&gt;q:pcm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W49&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:57, 1 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-50 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka-Latn&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''bedniereba''&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka-Cyrl&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''бедниереба''&lt;/bdi&gt; will now suggest the existing article about &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ბედნიერება&lt;/bdi&gt; (&quot;happiness&quot;). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development.
* Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new &quot;Edit full page&quot; button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project.
* Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025.
* A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711]
* Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/]
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W50&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:45, 8 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-51 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;externallinks&lt;/code&gt; table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W51&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:03, 15 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2025-52 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W52&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324]
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping &quot;First Steps&quot; in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw-interface=&quot;&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, to avoid potential conflicts with other &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw&lt;/code&gt; attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.
'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W52&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:45, 22 December 2025 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-03 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596]
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support &quot;map&quot; as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:33, 12 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-04 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] 
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/&lt;/code&gt;) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]!
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20:29, 19 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-05 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February.
* All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project.
* Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the &quot;prevent this user from editing their own talk page&quot; is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new AbuseFilter variable, &lt;code&gt;account_type&lt;/code&gt;, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the &lt;code&gt;createaccount&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;autocreateaccount&lt;/code&gt; actions. As part of this change, the variable &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; has been renamed to &lt;code&gt;account_name&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049]
* Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;upload.wikimedia.org/…&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:17, 26 January 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-06 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}&quot; feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:43, 2 February 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30000986 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-07 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors.
* A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] 
* When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458]
* The automatic &quot;magic links&quot; for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#isbn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604]
* Two new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|&lt;code&gt;w:kaj:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|&lt;code&gt;w:ppl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:30, 9 February 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30026671 --&gt;

== Tech News: 2026-08 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval]
* The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.
* Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#siteNotice { display: none; }&lt;/code&gt; to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the &quot;view new changes since…&quot; button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:17, 16 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-09 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html]
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764]
* Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new &quot;Edit full page&quot; button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered &quot;beta&quot; on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:skin-theme-description&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag&lt;/code&gt; to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta.
* The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild&lt;/code&gt;, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:03, 23 February 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-10 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&amp;filter=&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate help to localize] this and related features.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912]
* Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807]
* Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;uselang=&lt;/code&gt; URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111]
* The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily.
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust &amp; Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696]
* The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views.
* The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users.
* [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:51, 2 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-11 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.
* Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]).

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 18:53, 9 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-12 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055]
* On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016]
* Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]].
* Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874]
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.lib&lt;/code&gt; modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.switch&lt;/code&gt; hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:35, 16 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-13 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|&quot;Log in with passkey&quot; button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647]
* The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823]
* Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&amp;oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127]

* The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:51, 23 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-14 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]].
* The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap &quot;Edit&quot;. This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19:25, 30 March 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-15 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]].
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304]
* All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]].
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;format=php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538]
* The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example &quot;WP&quot; for the &quot;Project&quot; (&quot;Wikipedia&quot;) namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16:19, 6 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-16 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature.
'''Updates for editors'''
* On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294]
* The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=query&amp;meta=notifications&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991]
* Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:19, 13 April 2026 (UTC)
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== Tech News: 2026-17 ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest &quot;Liquid Glass&quot; visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias.
* An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]].
* On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366]
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  <page>
    <title>Social Victorians/People/Ripon</title>
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      <text bytes="22198" sha1="pi9uulus69710o41ymdbrepcqvcxhnz" xml:space="preserve">== Overview ==
Gwladys Herbert's first husband was [[Social Victorians/People/Lowther|St. George Lowther, 4th Earl of Lonsdale]], who died in 1882. They had one daughter. Her life as Countess of Lonsdale is covered on [[Social Victorians/People/Lowther|the Lowther page]]. In 1885 she married Oliver Robinson, Earl de Grey, who succeeded to the Marquessate of Ripon in 1909. This page covers her life as Countess de Grey and Marchioness of Ripon.

Gwladys Robinson, Lady de Grey attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 1897 fancy-dress ball at Devonshire House]], as did her husband, Frederick Oliver Robinson, Earl de Grey. She had attendants, including Mahomed Taha, an Egyptian hired for the occasion. Her mother's father had plantations in the West Indies.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Oscar Wilde dedicated ''A Woman of No Importance'' to her.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Also Known As ==
*Family name: Robinson
*Marquess of Ripon
**George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon (23 June 1871 – 9 July 1909)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-08-16|title=George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon&amp;oldid=973232157|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
**Frederick Oliver Robinson, 2nd Marquess of Ripon ( 9 July 1909 – 22 September 1923)&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-08-14|title=Frederick Robinson, 2nd Marquess of Ripon|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Robinson,_2nd_Marquess_of_Ripon&amp;oldid=972888603|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
**Oliver Robinson, 2nd Marquess of Ripon&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
*Marchioness of Ripon
**Henrietta Anne Theodosia Vyner Robinson (28 January 1859 – )
**Constance Gwladys Herbert Lowther Robinson (9 May 1909 – 28 October 1917)
*Constance Gwladys Herbert Robinson
**Gwladys de Grey (1885–1909)
**[[Social Victorians/People/Lowther|Countess of Lonsdale]] (6 July 1878 – )
**Gwladys Robinson, Countess de Grey (1885–1909)
*[[Social Victorians/People/Ripon#Subsidiary Titles|Subsidiary Titles]]

== Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies ==
=== Friends ===
==== Gwladys Robinson ====
*[[Social Victorians/People/Oscar Wilde | Oscar Wilde]] (dedicated A ''Woman of No Importance'' to Gwladys Robinson, Lady de Grey)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-07-02|title=Gwladys Robinson, Marchioness of Ripon|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gwladys_Robinson,_Marchioness_of_Ripon&amp;oldid=965652983|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Nellie Melba&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
*Sir Augustus Henry Glossop Harris&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
*Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
*Vaslav Nijinsky&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
*Jean and Édouard de Reszke&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

==== Frederick Oliver Robinson ====
*[[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales | Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]], long-time friend
== Timeline ==
'''1862 May 30''', Gwladys Herbert was granted the rank of an earl's daughter (she had just turned 3 years old).&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;&quot;Lady Constance Gwladys Herbert.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p1153.htm#i11529|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1878 July 6 or 10''', Gwladys Herbert and St. George Lowther, 4th [[Social Victorians/People/Lowther| Earl of Lonsdale]], married.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-07-02|title=Gwladys Robinson, Marchioness of Ripon|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gwladys_Robinson,_Marchioness_of_Ripon&amp;oldid=965652983|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; They had one daughter, Lady Juliet Lowther. He died 8 February 1882.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

'''1885 May 7''', Constance Gwladys Herbert Lowther and Oliver Robinson married.&lt;ref name=&quot;:04&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-07-02|title=Gwladys Robinson, Marchioness of Ripon|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gwladys_Robinson,_Marchioness_of_Ripon&amp;oldid=965652983|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1897 June 28, Monday''', according to the ''Morning Post'', the Marquis and Marchioness of Ripon were invited to the 28 June [[Social Victorians/Diamond Jubilee Garden Party|Queen's Garden Party]], the official end of the Diamond Jubilee celebrations in London.&lt;ref&gt;“The Queen’s Garden Party.” ''Morning Post'' 29 June 1897, Tuesday: 4 [of 12], Cols. 1a–7c [of 7] and 5, Col. 1a–c. ''British Newspaper Archive''  ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000174/18970629/032/0004&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' and ''&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18970629/032/0005&lt;/nowiki&gt;''.&lt;/ref&gt; (Were Gwladys, Countess de Grey and Oliver, Earl de Grey invited?)

'''1897 July 2, Friday''', Constance Gwladys, Lady de Grey [[Social Victorians/People/Gwladys Robinson |Constance Gwladys Herbert Robinson]] attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] at Devonshire House, attended by what an Egyptian man. Oliver Robinson, Earl de Grey was also present at the ball.

'''1900 June 3, Sunday, Whit Sunday''', Lord and Lady de Grey were present at a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1900s#3 June 1900, Sunday|Whitsun house party at Sandringham House]].

'''1909 July 6''', Oliver Robinson, who had been Earl de Grey, became the Marquess of Ripon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-08-14|title=Frederick Robinson, 2nd Marquess of Ripon|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Robinson,_2nd_Marquess_of_Ripon&amp;oldid=972888603|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball==
[[File:Gwladys-Robinson-Marchioness-of-Ripon-when-Countess-de-Grey-as-Cleopatra.jpg|thumb|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a seated woman richly dressed in an historical costume|Gwladys Robinson, Countess de Grey as Cleopatra. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]]
=== Gwladys Robinson, Countess de Grey ===
At the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball | Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]], accompanied by an &quot;Ethiopian&quot; or &quot;Nubian&quot; (actually Egyptian) attendant, Gwladys Robinson, Countess de Grey walked in the Duchess group or in the &quot;Oriental&quot; Procession and sat at Table 2. She had &quot;a great diamond bird in her hair and a golden bird in her hand.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;&quot;Fancy Dress Ball: Unparalleled Splendour.&quot; ''Carlisle Patriot'' Friday 9 July 1897: 7 [of 8], Col. 4a–b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000365/18970709/084/0007.&lt;/ref&gt; The newspapers were not clear about who she was dressed as, reporting variously that she went to the ball as Cleopatra, Lysistrate and Zenobia.

W. &amp; D. Downey's portrait (right) of &quot;Gwladys Robinson, Marchioness of Ripon when Countess de Grey as Cleopatra&quot; in costume is photogravure #281 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball (1897): photogravures by Walker &amp; Boutall after various photographers.&quot; 1899. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait-list.php?set=515.&lt;/ref&gt; The printing on the portrait says, &quot;Countess de Grey as Cleopatra,&quot; with a Long S in ''Countess''.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Countess de Grey as Cleopatra.&quot; ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw65859/Gwladys-Robinson-Marchioness-of-Ripon-when-Countess-de-Grey-as-Cleopatra.&lt;/ref&gt;

The Lafayette Negative Archive has Countess de Grey with Mahomed Taha standing behind her, holding her train: 

*http://lafayette.org.uk/gre1394.html
Another image exists of Taha kneeling with de Grey's hand on his shoulder (but we can't find it again right now).

Martin Spies' article on Gwladys Robinson, Countess de Grey and Taha reproduces the image from the Lafayette Negative Archive that includes the Egyptian man.

==== Countess de Grey's Attendant ====
Before the ball the ''Edinburgh Evening News'' reported that Countess de Grey “will take the character of Cleopatra, and is to be attended by a real Egyptian negro.”&lt;ref&gt;“The Duchess of Devonshire's Ball.” ''Edinburgh Evening News'' 21 June 1897, Monday: 4 [of 6], Col. 5c. ''British Newspaper Archive'' http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000452/18970621/079/0004.&lt;/ref&gt; Some newspapers reported this attendant as Ethiopian or Nubian (often code for Black African), but we actually know something about this Egyptian man, whose name was Mahomed Taha. A photograph of Countess de Grey with Taha is in the Lafayette Negative Archive (discussed above, http://lafayette.org.uk/gre1394.html). We know Taha’s name thanks to Martin Spies, who found correspondence between Gwladys, Countess de Grey and Taha in a clipping book he bought on Ebay because he collects clipping books — and because he saw that these artifacts would be worth researching.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Spies, Martin. “Late Victorian Aristocrats and the Racial Other: The Devonshire House Ball of 1897.” ''Race &amp; Class'' April–June 2016 (57.4): 95–103. Doi: 10.1177/0306396815624869.&lt;/ref&gt;

The Countess de Grey called Taha the &quot;abyssinian boy who carried my train at Devonshire House.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;{{rp|100}} And her 2nd husband, Oliver Robinson, 2nd Marquis of Ripon, wrote later that this &quot;'slave,' called Mahomed, [was] imported from Egypt especially for the occasion.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;{{rp|qtd. p. 100}}

Also, according to the ''Ladies’ Pictorial'', Taha was “imported from Egypt especially for the occasion” and is dressed in “real old Egyptian slave's attire.&quot;

What else we know of him is in one letter, which is in French and on Savoy Hotel stationery. Taha writes to thank the Countess de Grey for the £5 she paid him and the photographs she sent, perhaps the ones taken by Lafayette.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;{{rp|101}} The Savoy’s guest and employment records no longer exist, so we don’t know what Taha’s relationship with the Savoy was, if he had one. Spies theorizes that he may have been a professional performer, perhaps in London on his own account or perhaps brought from Egypt.
==== Newspaper Accounts of Her Costume ====
The ''Derbyshire Times'', on 12 June 1897, says that Lady de Grey was &quot;going as Zenobia, and is getting her dress from Doucet.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Gleanings in the Peak.&quot; ''Derbyshire Times'' 1897-07-24 July 1897, Saturday: 6 [of 8], Col. 2b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000228/18970724/026/0006.&lt;/ref&gt; Since the Duchess of Devonshire was dressed as Zenobia, perhaps Lady de Grey decided against going as that queen, if she could have known? According to the other newspapers,
*Lady de Grey was &quot;Cleopatra, [with] a real Ethiopian attendant.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Duchess of Devonshire's Fancy Ball. A Brilliant Spectacle. Some of the Dresses.&quot; London ''Daily News'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 5 [of 10], Col. 6a–6, Col. 1b. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000051/18970703/024/0005 and https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0000051/18970703/024/0006.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|p. 5, Col. 7c}}
*&quot;The manteau was of crepon de chine, covered with embroidered gauze and applique of coloured satin, and studded with jewels; a ceinture and pendent were of white satin, with cerise applique and embroidery, and she wore a jewelled headdress, she was '''Lysistrate'''.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ball at Devonshire House.&quot; The ''Times'' Saturday 3 July 1897: 12, Cols. 1a–4c ''The Times Digital Archive''. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;
*&quot;The Orientals were the first to pass [before the Prince of Wales], headed by Lady de Grey. Her train was borne by a Nubian in gorgeous and correct dress.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;“The Duchess’s Costume Ball.” ''Westminster Gazette'' 03 July 1897 Saturday: 5 [of 8], Cols. 1a–3b [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002947/18970703/035/0005.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|p. 5, Col. 2c}}
*&quot;The Orientals were headed by Lady de Grey in magnificent attire, rich with gems and gold and silver, a great diamond bird in her hair and a golden bird in her hand. Her train was borne by a Nubian in gorgeous and correct dress.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
*&quot;There were also two Cleopatras — Lady de Grey was one mass of beautiful embroideries ....&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;“The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The ''Gentlewoman'' 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|p. 32, Col. 2c}}
The ''Carlisle Patriot'' provides detail ('''perhaps because the de Greys were local?''')

The Countess de Grey's costume and attendant were mentioned in a letter written by Sir Reginald Lister:&lt;blockquote&gt;the person who shone out conspicuously above everybody was Lady de Grey. When she walked up the room at the head of the Orientals – swathed in gold and clinging draperies – blazing with jewels – with bunches of purple orchids on her head and a long glittering train carried by an Arab slave – the effect was ''renversant''; one felt she should always be dressed like that, and never in nineteenth-century clothes.&lt;ref&gt;R. Godfrey, ''Olly: the life and times of Frederick Oliver Robinson, 2nd Marquis of Ripon'' (privately printed, 2012), pp. 161, 163. Qtd. in Martine Spies, &quot;Late Victorian aristocrats and the racial other: the Devonshire House ball of 1897,&quot; ''Race and Class'' 57(4).&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|99}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;
==== Commentary on Her Costume ====
This costume has no basis in history or reality: it is fantasy, whether Cleopatra or Lysistrata. Perhaps Doucet, who made Gwladys de Grey's costume, based its design was influenced by the costumes worn by [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Bernhardt|Sarah Bernhardt]] in performances in 1891 and 1893.
*In one of the photographs of Bernhardt, her headdress appears to include the raised head of a cobra or snake, but otherwise she is not wearing imagery associating her with the adder she used for her suicide in Shakespeare's telling, which is common in imagery of Cleopatra.
*Gwladys's elaborate headdress is not Egyptian or classical but Victorian. Her hair is up, unlike Bernhardt's, which is down and loose.
*The sash around Gwladys's waist is similar to the style worn by Bernhardt in 1891, but its very fine pleating is interesting. Is this a precursor to the Negrin/Fortuny Delphos gown?&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-08-13|title=Mariano Fortuny (designer)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Fortuny_(designer)&amp;oldid=1305600788|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*She appears to be wearing sandals with her bare toes showing, one of which might have a toe ring with a large jewel.
*Her loose, shapeless, Aesthetic-style dress is covered in jewels, flowers and, generally, Victorian frou-frou. It hangs down as if its fabric is heavy. The fabric may be [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Crepon de Chine|crepon de chine]], which would make it heavy, and is covered in jewels, embroidery and possibly appliqué. Even though the dress is Aesthetic-style and not shaped to Gwladys's torso, the closure on the sash sexualizes it by making her genital area a focal point of the costume.
*The train is attached at the shoulders. It may be made of a crepe fabric or of something more translucent. It also is decorated with jewels, embroidery and possibly appliqué.
*The many ropes of pearls make a strong statement.

==== The Historical Cleopatra ====
Cleopatra lived from 70/69 B.C.E. to 10 or 12 August 30 B.C.E., the last of the Hellenistic pharaohs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-08-04|title=Cleopatra|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cleopatra&amp;oldid=1304135144|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; But nonscholarly late 19th-century Britons, Europeans and Americans would have known her less as a historical figure than a cultural one, by her presence in the arts and in popular culture. Sarah Bernhardt's performance as Cleopatra toured Europe, the UK and the US. The general discussion of the character and the popular-culture figure of Cleopatra appears on [[Social Victorians/People/Sarah Bernhardt#Cleopatra|Bernhardt's page]].

==== The Historical Lysistrata ====

[[File:Frederick-Oliver-Robinson-2nd-Marquess-of-Ripon-when-Earl-de-Grey-as-Admiral-Coligny.jpg|thumb|alt=Black-and-white photograph of a standing woman richly dressed in an historical costume|Frederick Robinson, Earl de Grey as Admiral Coligny. ©National Portrait Gallery, London.]]
=== Oliver Robinson, Earl de Grey ===
Frederick Oliver Robinson, Earl de Grey was dressed as Coligny.

Walery's portrait of &quot;Frederick Oliver Robinson, 2nd Marquess of Ripon when Earl de Grey as Admiral Coligny&quot; in costume is photogravure #213 in the album presented to the Duchess of Devonshire and now in the National Portrait Gallery.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; The printing on the portrait says, &quot;Earl de Grey as Admiral Coligny.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Earl de Grey as Admiral Coligny.&quot; ''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball''. National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw158576/Frederick-Oliver-Robinson-2nd-Marquess-of-Ripon-when-Earl-de-Grey-as-Admiral-Coligny.&lt;/ref&gt; ('''Who took this photograph?''')

==== Newspaper Descriptions of His Costume ====

* &quot;Earl de Grey, as Coligny, was in black and citron.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;“Girls’ Gossip.” ''Truth'' 8 July 1897, Thursday: 41 [of 70], Col. 1b – 42, Col. 2c. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0002961/18970708/089/0041.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|42, Col. 2c}}
* He was wearing a &quot;doublet, black satin, slashed on the breast with long slashes of yellow satin and puffed with lemon yellow satin; cloak of black satin lined lemon yellow, satin sleeves same as doublet; trunks, black satin, slashed and puffed same as doublet.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;{{rp|p. 41, Col. 3c – 42, Col. 1a}}

==== The Historial Coligny ====
Admiral Coligny was Gaspard II de Coligny (1519–1572), a Huguenot and advisor to King Charles IX of France.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2021-11-05|title=Gaspard II de Coligny|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaspard_II_de_Coligny&amp;oldid=1053667276|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaspard_II_de_Coligny.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Demographics ==

=== Nationality ===
*George Frederick Samuel Robinson, British&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
*Gwladys Herbert Lowther Robinson, British&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Residences ===

==== Gwladys Robinson, Lady de Grey ====

* Wilton House, Wiltshire, the family estates of her father, Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea (16 September 1810 – 2 August 1861), younger brother of the Earl of Pembroke, who was living in Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-09-07|title=Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sidney_Herbert,_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Lea&amp;oldid=1310130809|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; George Herbert, 13th Earl of Pembroke was Gwladys's brother.
* 49 Belgrave Square, London, her parents' house.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

== Family ==

=== Ripon ===
*George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon (24 October 1827 – 9 July 1909)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p2988.htm#i29876|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Henrietta Anne Theodosia Vyner Robinson (17 April 1833 – 28 February 1907)&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Henrietta Anne Theodosia Vyner.&quot; {{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeerage.com/p3114.htm#i31137|title=Person Page|website=www.thepeerage.com|access-date=2020-11-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#Frederick Oliver Robinson, 2nd Marquess of Ripon (29 January 1852 – 22 September 1923)
#Mary Sarah Robinson (16 July 1857 – 3 July 1858)


*Constance Gwladys Herbert Robinson (22 April 1859 – 28 October 1917)&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
*St George Henry Lowther, 4th [[Social Victorians/People/Lowther | Earl of Lonsdale]] (4 October 1855 – 8 February 1882)&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2017-09-09|title=St George Lowther, 4th Earl of Lonsdale|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St_George_Lowther,_4th_Earl_of_Lonsdale&amp;oldid=799748653|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#Lady (Gladys Mary) Juliet Lowther (9 April 1881 – 23 September 1965)
*Frederick Oliver Robinson (29 January 1852 – 23 September 1923) was Earl de Grey –1909&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
*Edith Walker (servant; relationship with Frederick Robinson and paternity of her children documented)
#Freda
#Frederick
=== Relations ===
* Frederick Oliver Robinson married the widowed Constance Gwladys Herbert Lowther. Edith Walker, a servant at the estate, bore 2 children fathered by Robinson.

=== Subsidiary Titles ===

*Earl of Ripon
**George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 2nd Earl of Ripon (28 January 1859 – 9 July 1909)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
*Countess of Ripon
**Henrietta Anne Theodosia Vyner Robinson (28 January 1859 –)
**Constance Gwladys Herbert Robinson ()
*Earl de Grey
**George Frederick Samuel Robinson, Earl de Grey (23 June 1871 – 9 July 1909)
**Frederick Oliver Robinson, Earl de Grey (1871–1909)
*Countess of de Grey
**Constance Gwladys Herbert Robinson (2 May 1885 – 1909)
*Earl de Grey and Ripon
**George Frederick Samuel Robinson (28 January 1859 – 1871)
*Viscount Goderich
**George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 2nd Viscount Goderich (28 January 1859 –1859)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
**Frederick Oliver Robinson, 3rd Viscount Goderich (1859 and 1871)

== Notes and Questions ==
#[[Social Victorians/People/Gwladys Robinson|Gwladys Robinson, Countess de Grey]] is #136 on the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball#List of People Who Attended|list of people who were present]] at the Duchess of Devonshire's 1897 fancy-dress ball; Frederick, Earl de Grey is #656.
#A Sir Reginald Kay, identified as a diplomat by Martin Spies, described Gwladys, Countess de Grey in her costume.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;(99) Was he present at the ball?
#Why was Gwladys granted the rank of a daughter of an earl when she was 3?
#She died at 58: why so early?
#Who took Oliver Robinson's portrait? Is it in the Lafayette Negative Archive?
#Citations for Spies.

== Footnotes ==
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      <text bytes="234259" sha1="o42rmaf58s10pqoz69k9v44l1y30ie7" xml:space="preserve">== Overview ==
According to the Museum of London, Queen Victoria was 4'8&quot; by the end of her life.&lt;ref&gt;Austin, Emily. &quot;Mounting Queen Victoria's mourning dress.&quot; 13 August 2020 ''London Museum''. [https://www.londonmuseum.org.uk/blog/mounting-queen-victorias-mourning-dress/#:~:text=Comprising%20a%20bodice%20and%20skirt,a%20certain%20stage%20of%20mourning. https://www.londonmuseum.org.uk/blog/mounting-queen-victorias-mourning-dress/#:~:text=Comprising%20a%20bodice%20and%20skirt,a%20certain%20stage%20of%20mourning.] Retrieved 2026-03-09.&lt;/ref&gt; Most people say she was about 5 feet tall at her tallest, although sometimes some will say 5'2&quot;.

Lytton Strachey describes the shrinking of Queen Victoria's power over the course of her reign, attributing it to her inability to think clearly about the constitution or constitutional monarchy:&lt;blockquote&gt;Victoria’s comprehension of the spirit of her age has been constantly asserted. It was for long the custom for courtly historians and polite politicians to compliment the Queen upon the correctness of her attitude towards the Constitution. But such praises seem hardly to be justified by the facts. ... The complex and delicate principles of the Constitution cannot be said to have come within the compass of her mental faculties; and in the actual developments which it underwent during her reign she [472–473] played a passive part. From 1840 to 1861 the power of the Crown steadily increased in England; from 1861 to 1901 it steadily declined. The first process was due to the influence of the Prince Consort, the second to that of a series of great Ministers. During the first Victoria was in effect a mere accessory; during the second the threads of power, which Albert had so laboriously collected, inevitably fell from her hands into the vigorous grasp of Mr. Gladstone, Lord Beaconsfield, and Lord Salisbury. Perhaps, absorbed as she was in routine, and difficult as she found it to distinguish at all clearly between the trivial and the essential, she was only dimly aware of what was happening. Yet, at the end of her reign, the Crown was weaker than at any other time in English history. Paradoxically enough, Victoria received the highest eulogiums for assenting to a political evolution, which, had she completely realised its import, would have filled her with supreme displeasure.

Nevertheless it must not be supposed that she was a second George III. Her desire to impose her will, vehement as it was, and unlimited by [473–474] any principle, was yet checked by a certain shrewdness.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Strachey, Lytton. ''Queen Victoria''. Standard Ebooks, 2025 (2020). [http://standardebooks.org/ebooks/lytton-strachey/queen-victoria standardebooks.org/ebooks/lytton-strachey/queen-victoria]. Apple Books: https://books.apple.com/us/book/queen-victoria/id6444770015.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|472–474 of 555}}
&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The American writer Henry James on Queen Victoria's death:&lt;blockquote&gt;the ensuing mood [was] &quot;strange and indescribable&quot;: people spoke in whispers, as though scared of something. He was surprised at the reaction, because her death was not sudden or unusual: it was &quot;a simple running down of the old used up watch,&quot; the death of an old widow who had thrown &quot;her good fat weight into the scales of general decency.&quot; Yet in the following days, the American-born writer felt unexpectedly distressed. He, like so many, mourned the &quot;safe and motherly old middle-class Queen, who held the nation warm under the fold of her big, hideous Scotch-plaid shawl.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|846 of 1203}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

According to A. N. Wilson, Queen Victoria's reputation for prudishness is not quite deserved. The &quot;raffishness&quot; of George IV, for example, or most of the other children of George III, was distasteful, but&lt;blockquote&gt;Having been brought up by a [324–325] widow was different from being brought up, as Albert was, in a home broken by adultery; so her distaste for raffishness, though she would loyally echo her husband’s strong moral line, lacked the pathological edge which it possessed in his case.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;{{rp|324–325 of 1204}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

And Wilson says of her enduring liking for the &quot;poor relation&quot; cousin George Cambridge, 2nd Duke of Cambridge,&lt;blockquote&gt;Although all her biographers stress Victoria’s need, in marrying the virtuous Prince Albert, to escape the dissipations and clumsiness of her ‘wicked uncles’, there was always a distinctly Hanoverian side to her. George Cambridge was a throwback to the world of William IV and George IV, to a lack of stiffness and a lack of side which was always part of Victoria’s character also.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;{{rp|879 of 1204}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Wilson says of the distance between the actual woman and the external perception of her,&lt;blockquote&gt;Arthur C. Benson and the 1st Viscount Esher, both homosexual men of a certain limited outlook determined by their class and disposition, were the pair entrusted with the task of editing the earliest published letters. It is a magnificent achievement, but they chose to concentrate on Victoria’s public life, omitting the thousands of letters she wrote relating to health, to children, to sex and marriage, to feelings and the ‘inner woman’. It perhaps comforted them, and others who revered the memory of the Victorian era, to place a posthumous gag on Victoria’s emotions. The extreme paradox arose that one of the most passionate, expressive, humorous and unconventional women who ever lived was paraded before the public as a [39–40] stiff, pompous little person, the ‘figurehead’ to an all-male imperial enterprise.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;{{rp|39–40 of 1204}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Besides what some say was a German accent, Queen Victoria spoke in what A. N. Wilson calls&lt;blockquote&gt;an unreformed Regency English. In Osborne, on Christmas Day 1891, she asked Sir Henry Ponsonby, 'Why the blazes don't Mr Macdonnell telegraph hear the results of the election? He used to do so and now he don’t.' ... If William IV had lived in the age of the telegraph, it is just the sort of question, with 'don't' for 'doesn't', and the blunt 'why the blazes' which he would have asked. One sees here [857–858] how much she had in common with her cousin the Duke of Cambridge, who likewise appeared in many ways to be a pre-Victorian. During a drought, he went to church and the parson prayed for rain. The duke involuntarily exclaimed, 'Oh God! My dear man, how can you expect rain with wind in the east?' When the chaplain, later in the service, said, 'Let us pray,' the duke replied, 'By all means.'&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;{{rp|857–858 of 1204}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Also Known As ==
*Victoria Regina
*Family name: Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
*Nickname, as a child: Drina
*Alexandrina Victoria

== Family ==
*Victoria — Alexandrina Victoria (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901)&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
*Albert, Prince Consort — Franz August Karl Albert Emanuel (26 August 1819 – 14 December 1861)&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-10-04|title=Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha&amp;oldid=1315065374|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa, &quot;Vicky,&quot; German Empress, Empress Frederick (21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-10-08|title=Victoria, Princess Royal|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria,_Princess_Royal&amp;oldid=1315724049|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#[[Social Victorians/People/Albert Edward, Prince of Wales | Albert Edward, &quot;Teddy,&quot; King Edward VII]] (4 November 1841 – 6 May 1910)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-10-23|title=Edward VII|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_VII&amp;oldid=1318322588|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#[[Social Victorians/People/Princess Alice | Alice Maud Mary, Princess Alice]], Grand Duchess of Hesse (25 April 1843 – 14 December 1878)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-10-02|title=Princess Alice of the United Kingdom|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princess_Alice_of_the_United_Kingdom&amp;oldid=1314683419|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#[[Social Victorians/People/Alfred of Edinburgh | Alfred Ernest Albert, &quot;Affie&quot;]]: Duke of Edinburgh — (6 August 1844 – 30 July 1900),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-10-20|title=Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfred,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha&amp;oldid=1317824547|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duke of Saxe-Coburg (24 May 1866 – 30 July 1900) and Gotha (2 August 1893 – 30 July 1900)
#[[Social Victorians/People/Christian of Schleswig-Holstein | Helena Augusta Victoria, &quot;Lenchen,&quot;]] Princess Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-10-26|title=Princess Helena of the United Kingdom|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princess_Helena_of_the_United_Kingdom&amp;oldid=1318943746|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#[[Social Victorians/People/Princess Louise | Louise Caroline Alberta, Princess Louise]], Marchioness of Lorne, [[Social Victorians/People/Argyll | Duchess of Argyle]] (18 March 1848 – 3 December 1939)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-09-25|title=Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princess_Louise,_Duchess_of_Argyll&amp;oldid=1313272998|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#[[Social Victorians/People/Connaught | Arthur William Patrick Albert]], Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1 May 1850 – 16 January 1942)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-10-03|title=Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Arthur,_Duke_of_Connaught_and_Strathearn&amp;oldid=1314802923|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#[[Social Victorians/People/Leopold | Leopold George Duncan Albert]], Duke of Albany (7 April 1853 – 28 March 1884)&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-10-19|title=Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_Leopold,_Duke_of_Albany&amp;oldid=1317724959|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
#Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore, Princess Henry of Battenberg (14 April 1857 – 26 October 1944)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-10-21|title=Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princess_Beatrice_of_the_United_Kingdom&amp;oldid=1318045123|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== &quot;Adopted&quot; Godchildren ===

# Victoria Gouramma, of Coorg (c. 1841–), brought to London in 1852 at 11, QV stood as godmother 1 July 1852.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; (346 of 1204)
# Maharajah Duleep Singh, the Lion of the Punjab, presented to QV in July 1854.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; (350 of 1204)

=== Relations ===

== Acquaintances, Friends and Enemies ==
=== Acquaintances ===
=== Friends ===

* Lord Melbourne — Henry William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne (15 March 1779 – 24 November 1848)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-09-25|title=William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne&amp;oldid=1313293647|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-10-09|title=Benjamin Disraeli|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Disraeli&amp;oldid=1315865798|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Harriet, Duchess of Sutherland, [[Social Victorians/Victoria/Queen's Household#Mistress of the Robes|Mistress of the Robes]] 1837 and 1861, very close friend.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-03-13|title=Harriet Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Sutherland-Leveson-Gower,_Duchess_of_Sutherland&amp;oldid=1343226719|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Duchess of Sutherland was an abolitionist, personally criticized by Karl Marx for her mother's clearing of the Sutherland lands for sheep grazing.
* Anne Murray, Duchess of Atholl, [[Social Victorians/Victoria/Queen's Household#Mistress of the Robes|Mistress of the Robes]] 1852–1853 and then Lady of the Bedchamber until 1892, when she and the Duchess of Roxburghe shared the duties of the Mistress of the Robes, among her closest of friends&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-01-25|title=Anne Murray, Duchess of Atholl|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anne_Murray,_Duchess_of_Atholl&amp;oldid=1334678470|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Social Victorians/People/Sophie of Wurttemberg|Sophie of Württemberg, Queen of the Netherlands]] (17 June 1818 – 3 June 1877)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-12-02|title=Sophie of Württemberg|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg&amp;oldid=1325386567|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

*[[Social Victorians/People/Mary Todd Lincoln|Mary Todd Lincoln]] (December 13, 1818 – July 16, 1882)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-01-08|title=Mary Todd Lincoln|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Todd_Lincoln&amp;oldid=1331838569|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[Social Victorians/People/Eugenie of France|Empress Eugénie of France]] (5 May 1826 – 11 July 1920)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-11-18|title=Eugénie de Montijo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo&amp;oldid=1322973534|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Social Victorians/People/Elisabeth of Austria|Empress Elisabeth of Austria]] (24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-01-09|title=Empress Elisabeth of Austria|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Empress_Elisabeth_of_Austria&amp;oldid=1332040784|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Lady Augusta Bruce, lady-in-waiting to Queen Victoria’s mother, and already [by 1853] a great friend of the Queen’s, attended [Eugénie and Napoleon's] wedding at Notre-Dame&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;Wilson, A. N. ''Victoria: A Life''. Penguin, 2014. Apple Books:  https://books.apple.com/us/book/victoria/id828766078.&lt;/ref&gt; (325 of 1204)

=== Enemies ===

== Organizations ==
[[Social Victorians/Victoria/Queen's Household|Queen's Household]]

== Pastimes ==
* [[Social Victorians/Royals Amateur Theatricals | Amateur Theatricals with the Royal Family]], often at Balmoral or Osborne

== Timeline ==
This Timeline includes both a list of signal events in Queen Victoria's social life and a separate [[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria#Her Dresses|chronological list of the dresses]] as they appear in her painted and photographed portraits. Information about what she wore at particular events might be in both places.

'''1835''', Rosie Harte in ''The Royal Wardrobe'' says,&lt;blockquote&gt;In 1835, Victoria first met the French Princess Louise, who had recently married her uncle Leopold and whose continental wardrobe fascinated the young Princess. Victoria’s addiction to French wares began with little gifts and accessories, before eventually Louise was supplying her with full outfits of pastel-toned silk dresses and matching bonnets, which Victoria swooned over in her diary: ‘They are quite lovely. They are so well made and so very elegant.’&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&quot;18 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ (W) 17 September 1836.&quot;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Harte, Rosie. ''The Royal Wardrobe: Peek into the Wardrobes of History's Most Fashionable Royals''. &lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|270 of 595}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1836 May 18''', Victoria and Albert met for the first time. Worsley says,&lt;blockquote&gt;On this particular day that Albert first set eyes upon her, there’s also cause to suspect that we can identify the very gown Victoria was wearing. The reason is that she was a great hoarder of the clothes worn on significant occasions, and the Royal Collection today still contains a high-waisted, dark-coloured, tartan velvet dress. With short puffed sleeves worn just off the shoulder, its style dates it to exactly the right period.&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;21 Staniland (1997) p. 92&quot;}} [new paragraph] The tartan was important, for despite the fact she had never been there Victoria had fallen passionately in love with the country of [129–130] Scotland. This had happened four months previously when she’d devoured Sir Walter Scott’s ''The Bride of Lammermoor''. In it, a fearsome Scottish lord feasts upon the human flesh of his tenants, shocking observers when he throws back ‘the tartan plaid with which he had screened his grim and ferocious visage’.&lt;sup&gt;22&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;22 Scott (1819; 1858 edition) p. 368&quot;}} ‘Oh!’ Victoria panted in her journal, ‘Walter Scott is my beau ideal of a Poet; I do so admire him both in Poetry and Prose!’&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;23 RA QVJ/1836: 1 November&quot;}} ‘Grim and ferocious’ does not sound like a particularly winsome look. Yet Victoria, at odds with the authority figures in her life, wanted to demonstrate independence and maturity through her dark, tartan gown. Casting aside the white or pink muslin dresses that had previously dominated her wardrobe, she was going through a phase and adopting a look that in our own times we might call goth.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Worsley, Lucy. ''Queen Victoria: Twenty-Four Days That Changed Her Life''. St. Martin's Press, Hodder &amp; Stoughton, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|129–130 of 786; nn. 21, 22, 23, p. 653}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1837 June 20''', Victoria acceded to the throne.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-09-28|title=Queen Victoria|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Queen_Victoria&amp;oldid=1313837777|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She put on a white dressing gown to hear the news, and then she changed to a black dress, because she was in mourning for the death of William IV, to begin her work. Worsley says that in spite of contemporary reports, Victoria did not cry:&lt;blockquote&gt;'The Queen was not overwhelmed,’ Victoria [later] claimed, and was ‘rather full of courage, she may say. She took things as they came, as she knew they must be.’&lt;sup&gt;28&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;28 Theodore Martin, Queen Victoria as I Knew Her, London (1901) p. 65&quot;}} [new paragraph] Even her grief for her uncle had to be kept measured. ‘Poor old man,’ she thought, ‘I feel sorry for him, he was always personally kind to me.’&lt;sup&gt;29&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;29 RA VIC/MAIN/QVLB/19 June 1837&quot;}} Yet there was no time to mourn. Victoria quickly returned to her maid’s room to be dressed. She already had a black mourning gown just waiting to be put on. Still remaining at Kensington Palace to this day, this dress is a tiny garment, with an extraordinarily small waist and cuffs. With it, she wore a white collar and, as usual, ‘her light hair’ was ‘simply parted over the forehead’.&lt;sup&gt;30&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;30 Anon., The Annual Register and Chronicle for the Year 1837, London (1838) p. 65&quot;}} Her girlish appearance explains quite a lot of the indulgence and romance with which her reign was greeted. It also meant that she would consistently be underestimated.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|148 of 786; nn. 28, 29, 30, p. 656}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1838 June 28, Victoria's Coronation'''. Worsley says,&lt;blockquote&gt;For her journey to Westminster Abbey, Victoria was wearing red robes over a stiff white satin dress with gold embroidery. She had a ‘circlet of splendid diamonds’ on her head. Her long crimson velvet cloak, with its gold lace and ermine, flowed out so far behind her little figure that it became a ‘very ponderous appendage’.&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;2 Lady Wilhelmina Stanhope, quoted in Lorne (1901) p. 82&quot;}} Harriet, the beautiful and statuesque Duchess of Sutherland, Mistress of the Robes, was responsible for Victoria’s appearance. This ‘ponderous’ mantle must have made her anxious, and indeed it would get in the way and cause kerfuffle all day long. The stately duchess rather dwarfed the queen when they stood side by side, and Victoria was slightly jealous of Harriet’s habit of flirting with Melbourne. But she did trust her surer dress sense. Onto [160–161] Victoria’s little feet went flat white satin slippers fastened with ribbons.&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;3 Staniland (1997) p. 114&quot;}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|160–161; nn. 2, 3, p. 659}}

Victoria gasped at the sight that met her within. Lady Wilhelmina Stanhope, one of the young ladies carrying the queen’s train, noticed that ‘the colour mounted to her cheeks, brow and even neck, and her breath came quickly.’&lt;sup&gt;29&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;29 Lady Wilhelmina Stanhope, quoted in Lorne (1901) p. 82&quot;}} ‘Splendid’, Victoria thought the congregation, many of them, like herself, swathed in red velvet, ‘the bank of Peeresses quite beautiful, all in their robes’.&lt;sup&gt;30&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;30 RA QVJ/1838: 28 June&quot;}} Among a host of impressive outfits, that of the Austrian ambassador was particularly noteworthy. Even the heels of his boots were bejewelled. One lady thought that he looked like he’d ‘been caught out in a rain of diamonds, and had come in dripping!’&lt;sup&gt;31&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;31 Grace Greenwood, ''Queen Victoria, Her Girlhood and Womanhood'', London (1883) p. 117&quot;}}

Victoria was accompanied not only by the young ladies who were to carry her train, but also by the Duchess of Sutherland as Mistress of the Robes, who ‘walked, or rather stalked up the Abbey like Juno; she was full of her situation.’&lt;sup&gt;32&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;32 Ralph Disraeli, ed., ''Lord Beaconsfield’s Correspondence with His Sister'', London (1886 edition) p. 109&quot;}} Throughout the whole ceremony the Bishop of Durham stood near to the queen, supposedly to guide her through the ritual. But he proved to be hopelessly unreliable. The unfortunate bishop ‘never could tell me’, Victoria recorded later, [169–170] what was to take place’. At one point, he was supposed to hand her the orb, but when he noticed that she had already got it, he was left, once again, ‘so confused and puzzled’.&lt;sup&gt;33&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;33 RA QVJ/1838: 28 June&quot;}}

Another hindrance came in the form of the trainbearers’ dresses. Their ‘little trains were serious annoyances’, wrote one of their number, ‘for it was impossible to avoid treading upon them … there certainly should have been some previous rehearsing, for we carried the Queen’s train very jerkily and badly, never keeping step properly’.&lt;sup&gt;34&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;34 Lady Wilhelmina Stanhope, quoted in Lorne (1901) p. 82&quot;}} It was the Duchess of Richmond, not the stylish Sutherland, who had signed off the design of the bearers’ dresses, and she found herself ‘much condemned by some of the young ladies for it’. But the Duchess of Richmond had decreed that she would ‘have no discussion with their Mammas’ about what they were to wear. An executive decision was the only way to get the design agreed.&lt;sup&gt;35&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;35 RA QVJ/1838: 28 June&quot;}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|169–170 of 786; nn. 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, p. 660–661}}

[After the peers swore homage] it was now time for a change of dress, to mark the beginning of Victoria’s transformation from girl to sovereign. Retreating to a special robing room, she took off her crimson cloak and put on ‘a singular sort of little gown of linen trimmed with lace’. This white dress represented her purified, prepared state.

When she re-entered the abbey, she did so bare-headed. ... Then at last came the very moment of ‘the Crown being placed on my head – which was, I must own, a most beautiful impressive moment; all the Peers and Peeresses put on their Coronets at the same instant.’&lt;sup&gt;41&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;41 RA QVJ/1838: 28 June&quot;}} The sound of this moment of the lifting of the coronets had been heard at coronations going back to the Middle Ages, and was once exquisitely described as ‘a sort of feathered, silken thunder’.&lt;sup&gt;42&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;42 Benjamin Robert Haydon, ''The Diary of Benjamin Robert Haydon'', Cambridge, MA (1960) p. 350&quot;}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|172 of 786; nn. 41, 42, p. 661}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Her coronation robes were &quot;specially woven in the Spitalfields silk-weaving area of London,&quot; like her wedding dress.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Goldthorpe, Caroline. ''From Queen to Empress: Victorian Dress 1837–1877''. An Exhibition at The Costume Institute 15 December 1988 – 16 April 1989. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1988. ''Google Books'': https://www.google.com/books/edition/From_Queen_to_Empress/UJLxwwrVEyoC.&lt;/ref&gt; (15)

'''1840 February 10''', Victoria and Albert married at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-07-11|title=Wedding of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wedding_of_Queen_Victoria_and_Prince_Albert&amp;oldid=1300012890|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;:&lt;blockquote&gt;She had her hair dressed in loops upon her cheeks, and a ‘wreath of orange flowers put on.’ Her dress was ‘a white satin gown, with a very deep flounce of Honiton lace, imitation of old’.&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;21 RA QVJ/1840: 10 February&quot;}}

This simple cream gown of Victoria’s was a dress that launched a million subsequent white weddings. She broke with monarchical [238–239] convention by rejecting royal robes in favour of a plain dress, with just a little train from the waist at the back to make it appropriate for court wear.&lt;sup&gt;22&lt;/sup&gt; &quot;22 Staniland (1997) p. 118&quot; It was a signal that on this day she wasn’t Her Majesty the Queen, but an ordinary woman. She wore imitation orange '''blossom''' in her hair in place of the expected circlet of diamonds. She’d had the lace for the dress created by her mother’s favoured lacemakers of Honiton, in Devon, as opposed to the better-known artisans of Brussels. A royal commission like this was a welcome boost – then as now – to British industry.&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt; &quot;{{rp|23 Ibid., p. 120&quot;}} This piece of lace would become totemic for Victoria. She would preserve it, treasure it and indeed wear it until the end of her life.

Victoria had personally designed the dresses of her bridesmaids, giving a sketch to her Mistress of the Robes, still Harriet, Duchess of Sutherland.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|238–239 of 786; nn. 21, 22, 23, p. 674}} The Royal Collection has a that sketch.

The bridesmaids wore white roses around their heads, with further blooms pinned to the tulle overskirts of their dresses. Victoria’s opinion was that they ‘had a beautiful effect’, but others disagreed.&lt;sup&gt;36&lt;/sup&gt; [36 RA QVJ/1840: 10 February] Used to seeing golden tassels, velvet robes and colourful jewels at royal ceremonies, onlookers thought that the trainbearers ‘looked like village girls’.&lt;sup&gt;37&lt;/sup&gt; &quot;37 Wyndham, ed. (1912) p. 297&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|243–244 of 786; nn. 36, 37, p. 674}}

At the coronation her train had been too long to handle, but now there was the opposite problem. The long back part of Victoria’s white satin skirt, trimmed with orange blossom, was ‘rather too short for the number of young ladies who carried it’ and they ended up ‘kicking each other’s heels and treading on each other’s gowns’.&lt;sup&gt;50&lt;/sup&gt; [50 Lady Wilhelmina Stanhope, quoted in Lorne (1901) p. 112]&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|246 of 786; n. 50, p. 675}}

Then [after the ceremony] she went to change, putting on ‘a white [249–250] silk gown trimmed with swansdown’, and a going-away bonnet trimmed with false orange flowers that still survives to this day at Kensington Palace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|249–250 of 786}} [c. 1855 photograph of QV's 1840 going-away bonnet: https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/58/collection/2905582/bonnet-worn-by-queen-victoria-at-her-marriage]

The gown that Victoria wore that evening was possibly the plainer, and very slender, cream silk one surviving in the Royal Collection with a traditional association with her wedding evening. If she did wear it for that first dinner together, then she could hardly have eaten a thing. It laced even tighter than her wedding dress.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|251 of 786}}

But there would be no ritual undoing by the groom of his bride’s ethereal gown. That, as always, had to be done by Victoria’s dressers. ‘At ½ p.10 I went and undressed and was very sick,’ she says. These women, the bedrock of her life, ever present, ever watchful, must have been with her as she finished retching and went into the bedchamber, where ‘we both went to bed; (of course in one bed), to lie by his side, and in his arms, and on his dear bosom’.&lt;sup&gt;72&lt;/sup&gt; {{rp|&quot;72 RA QVJ/1840: 10 February&quot;}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|252 of 786; n. 72, p. 676}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The separation between how finely QV was dressed and what it looked like to people, including both the effect of physical distance and the effect of the distance between what people expected a queen to wear and what QV wore. Also, QV's appeal &quot;to the respectable slice of opinion at society’s upper middle&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;'I saw the Queen’s dress at the palace,’ wrote one eager letter-writer, ‘the lace was beautiful, as fine as a cobweb.’ She wore no jewels at all, this person’s account continues, ‘only a bracelet with Prince Albert’s picture’.&lt;sup&gt;28&lt;/sup&gt; {{rp|&quot;28 Mundy, ed. (1885) p. 413}} This was in fact [240–241] completely incorrect. Albert had given her a huge sapphire brooch, which she wore along with her ‘Turkish diamond necklace and earrings’.&lt;sup&gt;29&lt;/sup&gt; {{rp|&quot;29 RA QVJ/1840: 10 February}} '''It was the beginning of a lifetime trend for Victoria’s clothes to be reported as simpler, plainer, less ostentatious than they really were. The reality was that they were not quite as ostentatious as people expected for a queen.''' This is really what they meant by their descriptions of her clothes as austere, and pleasingly middle-class. In other countries, members of the middle classes would join the working classes on streets and at barricades and bring monarchies tumbling down. '''But in Britain, part of the reason this did not happen is that Victoria, her values and her low-key style appealed with peculiar power to the respectable slice of opinion at society’s upper middle.''' And so, dressed but not overdressed, the unqueenly looking queen was ready for her wedding day to begin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|240–241; nn. 28, 29; p. 674}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;Her wedding dress was &quot;specially woven in the Spitalfields silk-weaving area of London,&quot; like her coronation robes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;{{rp|15}}

'''1840''', QV's first pregnancy, with Vicky, and a relic petticoat with blood from her first birth:&lt;blockquote&gt;She had left off wearing stays, becoming ‘more like a barrel than anything else’.&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; {{rp|&quot;21 Stratfield Saye MS, quoted in Longford (1966) p. 76&quot;}} Victoria herself, although she felt well, ‘unhappily’ had to admit that she was ‘a great size’.&lt;sup&gt;22&lt;/sup&gt; {{rp|&quot;22 RA VIC/MAIN/QVLB/10 November 1840&quot;}} '''A fine cotton lawn petticoat from this early married period''', which once had the same dimensions as her wedding dress, shows evidence of having been let out around its high empire waist, quite possibly to accommodate this pregnancy.&lt;sup&gt;23&lt;/sup&gt; {{rp|&quot;23 In the Royal Ceremonial Dress Collection, Historic Royal Palaces.&quot;}} The work was done with tiny stitches as if by the needle of a fairy. There were many hands available in Victoria’s wardrobe department, and indeed no shortage of clothes either. '''This particular petticoat survives because it was given away after becoming soiled with blood.''' She also had an expandable dressing gown for pregnancy, of thin white cotton, with ‘gauging tapes’ to widen the waist as pregnancy progressed.&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; {{rp|&quot;Staniland (1997) p. 126&quot;}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|262 of 786; nn. 21, 22, 23, 24, p. 678}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1840 November 21''', Victoria went into labor with Vicky.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|255 of 786}} Her dress:&lt;blockquote&gt;Early on in labour, Victoria would have been given a dose of castor oil to empty her bowels, to avoid ‘exceedingly disagreeable’ consequences later. She would have worn her loose dressing gown over a chemise and bedgown ‘folded up smoothly to the waist’ and beneath that, ‘a petticoat’. Stays were absent, despite the common belief among women that wearing them during labour would ‘assist’, by ‘affording support’. The latest medical advice was that this was ‘improper’.&lt;sup&gt;36&lt;/sup&gt; {{rp|&quot;36 Bull (1837) pp. 130–2&quot;}} The chemise that Victoria was wearing would acquire special lucky significance for her. Nine childbirths later, she’d still insist upon donning the exact same one.&lt;sup&gt;37&lt;/sup&gt; {{rp|&quot;37 Dennison (2007) p. 2&quot;}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|265 of 7886; nn. 36, 37, p. 679}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1843, around''', Albert &quot;cut [Victoria's] dress expenditure down from £5,000 to £2,000 a year&quot; in order to put money away for later.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|299 of 786}}

'''1843 May 19''', QV wrote in her journal that she dressed &quot;all in white and had my wedding veil on, as a shawl,&quot; for Vicky's christening.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|270 of 786; n. 63, p. 681 of 786}}

'''1849''', Duleep Singh &quot;surrendered&quot; the Koh-i-nûr necklace to England.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/406698/queen-victoria-1819-1901|title=Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805-73) - Queen Victoria (1819-1901)|website=www.rct.uk|language=en|access-date=2026-03-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1854''', Queen &quot;Victoria's spending on her wardrobe had crept up again, to roughly £6,000 annually, or six times a very good annual income for a professional gentleman.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|311 of 786}}

'''1854''', when QV met Duleep Singh, &quot;the woman the Maharaja saw before him still looked younger than her [310–311] thirty-five years. In the photograph, at least, her hair shines, she hardly looks like a mother of eight and her white dress is demure and girlish.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|310–311}}

'''1855 April 16–''', Empress Eugénie and Napoleon III of France began a 5-day visit to the U.K.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Goldstone, Nancy. ''The Rebel Empresses: Elisabeth of Austria and Eugénie of France, Power and Glamour in the Struggle for Europe''. Little, Brown, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|276}}

'''1855 August 18–28 or so''', Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, Princess Royal Vicky and Prince of Wales Bertie visited Paris and the Exposition Universelle.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;{{rp|287}} Caroline Goldthorpe says,&lt;blockquote&gt;For the state entry of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert into Paris in 1855, the Queen wore a dress of white Spitalfields silk, its design representing an English flower garden (figure 2). While in Paris, however, she attended a ball at the Hôtel de Ville, wearing &quot;my diamond diadem with the Koh-i-noor in it, a white net dress, embroidered with gold and (as were all my dresses) very full. It was very much admired by the Emperor and the ladies. The Emperor asked if it was English; I said No, it had been made on purpose in Paris.&quot; In addition / to the ball gown, made in France as a diplomatic gesture, she evidently wore both English and French silks for less public occasions.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; (15, 17) [The English-made Spitalfields-silk dress is at tthe Museum of London.]&lt;/blockquote&gt;A. N. Wilson suggests that the sense that Victoria was dowdy is down in part to &quot;the exacting standards of Parisian journalists&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;They went to the opera and displayed the difference between a true-born queen and a parvenue empress. When the national anthems had been played, the Empress looked behind her to make sure that her chair was in place. The Queen of England, confident that the chair would be there, sat down without turning. Mary Bulteel, her Maid of Honour who noticed this detail, was also able to reassure Eugénie’s baffled entourage that the Queen was always ‘badly dressed’. It did not prevent Victoria from being unaffectedly enraptured by Eugénie’s range of gorgeous outfits. Victoria adored the Empress and it was a friendship which lasted for life. ‘Altogether,’ she told her diary, ‘I am delighted to see how much my Albert likes and admires her, as it is so seldom I see him do so with any woman.’&lt;sup&gt;27&lt;/sup&gt; (&quot;27 Quoted Edith Saunders, ''A Distant Summer'', p. 49.&quot;) Perhaps it was so, or perhaps he was being polite. The Queen’s dowdiness and (by the exacting standards of Parisian journalists) poor dress sense were more than outshone by the splendour of her jewels.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; (365 of 1204)&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1857 August 6–''', Eugénie and Napoleon visit QV again. QV describes how Eugénie is dressed. Wilson says of the admiring precision of QV's descriptions of Eugénie's dresses,
&lt;blockquote&gt;The wistfulness with which Victoria described Eugénie’s outfits whenever the two met is touching. She was the Queen of England and could have afforded the finest couturier; but she was tiny, increasingly rotund, much of the time depressed or petulant. Her homely dress sense reflected a growing dissatisfaction with her appearance: clothes were for swathing a body which was by any ordinary standards a very peculiar shape, not for adorning it or drawing it to people’s attention.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; (389 of 1204)&lt;/blockquote&gt;
And maybe she just wasn't very good at style. Evidence from later suggests she had an appreciation for fine fabrics and laces.

'''1858, June''', when Victoria began wearing a crinoline cage. Worsley says,&lt;blockquote&gt;She had attended reviews of her troops increasingly often as they came shipping back from Crimea. For the purpose, she often wore the superbly tailored outdoor wear that suited her much better than frou-frou evening gowns. Her self-adopted ‘uniform’ was a scarlet, made-to-measure military-style jacket combined with the skirt of a riding habit. Albert had a matching outfit too, its chest padded out to simulate the muscles that his sedentary lifestyle had failed to give him. [361–362] [new paragraph] Today, though, as she was travelling by carriage, Victoria wore a dark cloak over her now-customary daywear of the crinolined skirt. She’d held out until the end of the 1850s before adopting this novel steel structure to puff out the skirt, which was widely thought to be an ‘indelicate, expensive, hideous and dangerous article’.&lt;sup&gt;19&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;19 ''Punch, Or the London Charivari'' (8 August 1863) p. 59&quot;}} A crinoline, or ‘cage’, could swing the skirts out so unexpectedly that they caught fire, or got stuck in carriage wheels. But the stylish Empress Eugénie, whom Victoria much admired, is said to have popularised the crinoline during an 1855 visit to England. ‘Carter’s Crinoline Saloon’ opened soon afterwards, offering London ladies not only the crinoline but also the new ‘elastic stays … as worn by the Empress of the French’.&lt;sup&gt;20&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;20 “Adburgham (1964) p. 93&quot;}} Victoria nevertheless resisted the fashion until a heatwave three years later made her feel that her customary stiff muslin petticoats were ‘unbearable’. ‘Imagine!’ she wrote, to her married daughter in Germany, ‘since 6 weeks I wear a “Cage”!!! What do you say?’&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;21 RA VIC/ADDU/32, p. 178 (21 July 1858)&quot;}} Having realised how convenient it was, she now only took her crinoline off to go sailing.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|361–362, nn. 19, 20, 21, p. 696}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1861 December 14''', Prince Albert, Prince Consort died.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; According to Julia Baird&lt;blockquote&gt;Victoria decreed that the entire court would mourn for an unprecedented official period of two years. (When this ended, her ladies and daughters could discard the black and wear half mourning, which was gray, white, or light purple shades.) Many of her subjects decided to join them in mourning. Her ladies were draped in jet jewelry and crêpe, a thick black rustling material made of silk, crimped to make it look dull.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;Baird, Julia. ''Victoria the Queen: An Intimate Biography of the Woman Who Ruled an Empire''. Random House, 2016. Apple Books: https://books.apple.com/us/book/victoria-the-queen/id953835024.&lt;/ref&gt; (585 of 1203)&lt;/blockquote&gt;After Albert's death Queen &quot;Victoria never attended or held another public ball.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; (592 of 1203)

'''1863 March 10''', Bertie (Albert Edward, Prince of Wales) and Alix (Alexandra) married in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. QV, who sat high up and out of the way, wore widow's weeds,  &quot;the blue sash and star of the Order of the Garter&quot; and (according to Lord Clarendon) &quot;a cap ‘more hideous than any I have yet seen.'&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;{{rp|495 of 1204}}

'''1865 April 15''', Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. Eugénie's was among the first letters of condolence from a head of state that Mary Todd Lincoln got; Victoria's was dated the day after Eugénie's.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;{{rp|555 of 909}}

'''1866–1871''', [[Social Victorians/People/Princess Louise | Princess Louise]] was Victoria's private secretary.

'''1866 February''', QV opened Parliament for the first time since Albert's death.&lt;blockquote&gt;She wore plain evening dress, with a small diamond and sapphire coronet on top of her widow’s cap. The wind whipped her veil as she rode silently in an open carriage past curious crowds, many of whom had not glimpsed her for years.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; (609 of 1203)&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1866 February 6''', Princess Helena's wedding to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. QV wrote in her journal that it &quot;was 'an ''execution''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' to which she was 'dragged in ''deep mourning''.'&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;Longford, Elizabeth. ''Queen Victoria''. The History Press, 2011 (1999). Apple Books: https://books.apple.com/us/book/queen-victoria-essential-biographies/id1142259733.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|118 of 223}} Instead of a crown she wore a black widow's cap. 

'''1867 Spring''', annual exhibition at the Royal Academy, which included a large canvas by Sir Edwin Landseer that QV had commissioned as &quot;Shadow&quot; to show her grief. It was called ''Her Majesty at Osborne, 1866''. The center of this painting is dominated by black.&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In it, the queen [sits] sidesaddle on a sleek dark horse, dressed in her customary black. She [is] reading a letter from the dispatch box on the ground, next to her dogs. Opposite [is] a tall figure in a black kilt and jacket solemnly holding [634–635] the horse’s bridle. ...&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It caused a scandal. The ''Saturday Review'' art critic wrote: &quot;If anyone will stand by this picture for a quarter of an hour and listen to the comments of visitors he will learn how great an imprudence has been committed.&quot; It was not long before the gossip became crude: Were the queen and Mr. Brown lovers? Was she pregnant with his child? Had they secretly married? In 1868, an American visitor said he was gobsmacked by constant, crass jokes about the queen commonly referred to as &quot;Mrs. Brown.&quot; &quot;I have been told,&quot; he wrote, &quot;that the Queen was insane, and John Brown was her keeper; the Queen was a spiritualist, and John Brown was her medium.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Victoria adored the painting and ordered an engraving.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; (634–635 of 1203)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1871 March 21''', Princess Louise and John Campbell, Marquis of Lorne, were married.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Supplement.&quot; ''The London Gazette'' 24 March 1871 (23720) Friday: 1587 https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/23720/page/1587.&lt;/ref&gt; QV wore rubies as well as diamonds.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|644 of 1203}}

'''1871, end of, around the time of Bertie's illness with typhoid, by this time''', according to Lucy Worseley, QV had decided never to wear color again (a decision she had made after the first year of full mourning Albert's death?) and had developed her &quot;brand.&quot; She had not made many personal appearances, but because of her photographs, the carte-de-visite with Albert, and her memoirs about the Highlands, she was known to her subjects:&lt;blockquote&gt;Victoria was extraordinary in her dedication to black. If wearing mourning was a [413–414] demand for greater-than-usual understanding, it’s certainly true that she felt entitled to it for the rest of her life. Mourning was turned into a sort of disguise for her. It indicated that she was a victim, bereaved, which was a way of pre-empting criticism. And within the conventions of black, Victoria insisted that her clothes be cut in a way that she found comfortable and convenient: a bodice with only light boning, a skirt with capacious pockets. She no longer followed fashion; she had created a fashion all her own. [new paragraph] Victoria’s black clothing also had terrific ‘brand value’ in creating a recognisable royal image. Although she rarely appeared in person, Victoria’s physical appearance was more widely known than ever before. In 1860, she and Albert had taken the decision to allow photographs of themselves to be published on cartes de visite, highly collectible little rectangles of illustrated cardboard. Within two years, between three and four million of these cards depicting the queen had been sold. &lt;sup&gt;27&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|27 Plunkett (2003) p. 156.&quot;}} The people who bought them understood that they were in possession of something more potent than a lithograph or an engraving. The effect, in terms of making the queen’s subjects feel they ‘knew’ her, has been compared by the Royal Collection’s photography curator to the sensational 1969 television [414–415] documentary series, Royal Family.&lt;sup&gt;28&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;28 Dimond and Taylor (1987) p. 20&quot;}} So even if Victoria had been bodily absent from public life for the last decade, in paper form she had been more present than ever.&lt;sup&gt;29&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;29 ''The Photographic News'' (28 February 1862) quoted in Dimond and Taylor (1987) p. 22&quot;}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|413–414, nn. 27, 28. 29, p. 707}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1872 February 27''', thanksgiving service for Bertie's survival in St. Paul's Cathedral:&lt;blockquote&gt;Victoria was bored in the church, and found St. Paul’s &quot;cold, dreary and dingy,&quot; but the roars of millions who stood outside in the cold under a lead-colored sky made her triumphant, and she pressed Bertie’s hand in a dramatic flourish. It was &quot;a great holy day&quot; for the people of London, ''The Times'' declared gravely. They wished to show the queen she was as beloved as ever. Their delight at seeing her in person was as much a cause for celebration as Bertie’s recovery.

This moment revealed something that Bertie would quickly grasp though his mother had not: the British public requires ceremony and pageantry, and the chance to glimpse a sovereign in finery. It was not a republic her subjects were hankering for, but a visible queen. As Lord Halifax said, people wanted their queen to look like a queen, with a crown and scepter: &quot;They want the gilding for their money.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|655 of 1203}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1878 December 14''', Princess Alice died.

'''1879 June 1''',&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-11-29|title=Louis-Napoléon, Prince Imperial|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis-Napol%C3%A9on,_Prince_Imperial&amp;oldid=1324821881|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Louis Napoleon, son of Eugénie, &quot;to whom Victoria ... had become devotedly attached, was killed in the Zulu War.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{rp|432 of 555}}

'''1880 February 5''', Queen Victoria attended the state opening of Parliament. She wrote in her journal&lt;blockquote&gt;I wore the same dress, black velvet, trimmed with minniver, my small diamond crown &amp; long veil. Got in, at the Great Entrance, &amp; went in the new state coach which is very handsome with much gilding, a crown at the top, &amp; a great deal of glass, which enables the people to see me. ... Beatrice stood to my right, Leopold to my left. Bertie, Affie &amp; Arthur were all there.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; (707 of 1204)&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1881 April 19''', Benjamin Disraeli, Lord Beaconsfield died.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Benjamin Disraeli|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Disraeli&amp;oldid=1335428395|journal=Wikipedia|date=2026-01-29|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1882 March 2''',&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; (152 of 223) the 7th and last assassination attempt on QV, by Roderick Maclean, another adolescent male possibly not intent on killer her, although his pistol was loaded.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{rp|433 of 555}}

'''1882 April 27''', Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany and Princess Helen of Waldeck married. &quot;The Queen celebrated by wearing white over her black dress for the first time since Albert’s death – it was her own white wedding veil.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;{{rp|154 of 223}}

'''1883 March 17''', QV fell down stairs in Windsor, probably some marble stairs. She was &quot;lame until July.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

'''1883 March 27''', QV's Scots servant John Brown died.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=John Brown (servant)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Brown_(servant)&amp;oldid=1312942175|journal=Wikipedia|date=2025-09-23|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''1884 March 28''', Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany died.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

'''1886''', the general election of 1886, according to Lytton Strachey, &quot;the majority of the nation&quot; voted down Home Rule and Gladstone&lt;blockquote&gt;and placing Lord Salisbury in power. Victoria’s satisfaction was profound. A flood of new unwonted hopefulness swept over her, stimulating her vital spirits with a surprising force. Her habit of life was suddenly altered; abandoning the long seclusion which Disraeli’s persuasions had only momentarily interrupted, she threw herself vigorously into a multitude of public activities. She appeared at drawing-rooms, at concerts, at reviews; she laid foundation-stones; she went to Liverpool to open an international exhibition, driving through the streets in her open carriage in heavy rain amid vast applauding crowds. Delighted by the welcome which met her everywhere, she warmed to her work.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{rp|439–440 of 555}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1887''', the Golden Jubilee. Strachey says that QV had begun wearing the color violet in her bonnet by now:&lt;blockquote&gt;Little by little it was noticed that the outward vestiges of Albert’s posthumous domination grew less complete. At Court the stringency of mourning was relaxed. As the Queen drove through the Park in her open carriage with her [444–445] Highlanders behind her, nursery-maids canvassed eagerly the growing patch of violet velvet in the bonnet with its jet appurtenances on the small bowing head.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; (444–445 of 555)&lt;/blockquote&gt;

QV wore a bonnet rather than a crown or widow's cap.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; (822 of 1204) At dinner on the day of the procession, QV wore a dress, as she says, with &quot;the rose, thistle &amp; shamrock embroidered in silver on it, &amp; my large diamonds.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; (824 of 1204)

'''1888 June 15''', Vicky's husband Emperor Frederick (Fritz) died.

'''1890 July 15''', Garden Party at Marlborough House with QV as the most important guest, with some description of QV's dress, more details in the descriptions of the dresses of some of the other women:&lt;blockquote&gt;But if not favoured with model &quot;Queen's weather,&quot; a good imitation set in as the Life Guards struck up &quot;God Save the Queen,&quot; and her Majesty descended the flight of steps on the Prince of Wales's arm, and slowly passed through the eager ranks of her assembled subjects. Her Majesty was conducted to a canopy at the lower end of the garden, and was soon surrounded by children and grandchildren; she walked with the aid of a stick, but did not appear to be troubled by rheumatism, and moved without difficulty. The Queen's dress was of black striped [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Broché|broché]], a lace shawl, and black bonnet, trimmed with white roses. She talked to people to right and left, and looked smiling and happy. ...

AN ACCOUNT OF SOME OF THE DRESSES.

Her Majesty was attired completely in black, with the slight relief of white flowers in her black bonnet.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;From One Who Was There.&quot; &quot;The Marlborough House Garden Party.&quot; ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 15 July 1890 (Tuesday): p. 5, Col. 1. ''British Newspaper Archive'' http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18900715/016/0006 (Accessed April 2015).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1891 January 14''', Albert Victor (Eddy), Bertie's and Alex's son, died of pneumonia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;{{rp|190 of 223}}

'''1893 February 28, Tuesday, 3:00 p.m''', QV hosted a Queen's drawing-room at Buckingham Palace:&lt;blockquote&gt;Her Majesty wore a dress and train of rich black silk, trimmed with crape and chenille. Headdress and coronet of diamonds and pearls. Ornaments — Pearls. Her Majesty wore the Star and Ribbon of the Garter, the Orders of Victoria and Albert, the Crown of India, the Prussian Order, the Spanish and Portuguese Orders, the Russian Order of St. Catherine, and the Hessian and Bulgarian Orders.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Queen's Drawing Room.&quot; ''Morning Post'' 1 March 1893, Wednesday: 7 [of 12], Col. 6a–7c [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18930301/072/0007. Same print title and p.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1895 December 14''', George and May's 2nd son, who would become Elizabeth II's father, was born. Thinking of the anniversary of Albert's and Alice's deaths, QV &quot;said that the child might be a gift of God.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;{{rp|191 of 223}}

'''1896 September 26''', QV wrote in her journal, &quot;Today is the day on which I have reigned longer, by a day, than any English sovereign.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;{{rp|191 of 223}}

'''1897 April 4''', QV vacations in Nice, as she did almost every year, and a little on her &quot;uniform&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;The pattern of her hotel days in Cimiez, an upmarket suburb on a hill behind Nice, was undemanding. She was dressed by the servants who were almost a second family. One of her wardrobe maids spent the night on call in the dressing room just next door to her bedroom.&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;12 Stoney and Weltzien, eds. (1994) pp. 11–12&quot;}} At half past seven, the maid on the next shift would come into Victoria’s bedroom to open the green silk blinds and shutters. Her silver hairbrush, hot water, folded towels and sponges were all laid out by these wardrobe maids. Her pharmacist’s account book records the purchase of beauty products such as ‘lavender water’, ‘Mr Saunders’ Tooth Tincture’ and ‘cakes of soap for bath’.&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;13 Royal Pharmaceutical Society, account book for ‘The Queen’ (1861–1869)&quot;}} [new paragraph] Victoria’s clothes were handled by the dressers, who were better paid than the maids. Their duties, ran Victoria’s instructions, included ‘scrupulous tidiness and exactness in looking over everything that Her Majesty takes [510–511] off … to think over well everything that is wanted or may be wanted’.&lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;14 Staniland (1997) p. 186&quot;}} Her black silk stockings with white soles had for decades been woven by one John Meakin, while Anne Birkin embroidered the garments with ‘VR’.&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; {{rp|&quot;15 Quoted in King (2007) p. 100&quot;}} Victoria grew fond of faithful servants like Anne, and even had Birkin’s portrait among her collection of photographs. Despite their sombre aspect, even her mourning gowns were finely made. She had settled into a series of very minor variations upon a square-necked bodice and skirt, customised with quirky little pockets for keys and seals, all cut pretty much the same to save her the trouble of fittings. On her head went a white cap, with streamers of lace, and round her neck a locket containing miniatures of two of her children: Alice, now lost to diphtheria, and Leopold, to haemophilia.&lt;sup&gt;16&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;16 Princess Marie Louise (1956) p. 141&quot;}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; {{rp|510–511; nn. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, p. 722}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;
[[File:Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee Service, 22 June 1897.jpg|alt=Old painting of very large crowd and an old woman dressed in black in a carriage in the center|thumb|Diamond Jubilee Thanksgiving Service on the Steps of St. Paul's]]

==== Diamond Jubilee ====
'''1897 June 22, Diamond Jubilee''', with Thanksgiving service on the steps of St. Paul's, painted in 1899 by Andrew Carrick Gow (right; better image at https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/queen-victorias-diamond-jubilee-service-22-june-1897-51041). QV stayed in the carriage for the service.

Worsley says, QV's dress had &quot;decorative 'panels of grey satin veiled with black net &amp; steel embroideries, &amp; some black lace'&quot;&lt;blockquote&gt;Rising from her bed, Victoria dressed, as always, in black. The crowds who saw her today would consider her ‘dress of black silk’ to be [532–533] modest and widowly, almost dingy. Her taste in clothing had become ever more subdued. Departing from Windsor Castle to travel to Buckingham Palace for these few days of the Jubilee, she’d been worried about the stains the sooty train to Paddington might leave on her outfit. ‘I could have cried,’ said the woman who ran the draper’s shop in Windsor, ‘to see Her Majesty start for the Jubilee in her second-best “mantle” – after all the beautiful things I had sent her.’7{{rp|7 Weintraub (1987) p. 581}}

If you’d had the chance to examine the queen’s outfit closely, though, you’d’ve seen that it was in fact sombrely splendid, her black cape embroidered with swirling silver sequins, huge pearls hanging from each ear and upon the gown itself decorative 'panels of grey satin veiled with black net &amp; steel embroideries, &amp; some black lace'.

Round her neck now went a ‘lovely diamond chain’, a Jubilee present from her younger children, while her ‘bonnet was trimmed with creamy white flowers &amp; white aigrette’.&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|8 RA QVJ/1897: 22 June}} This bonnet, worn with resolution, had caused some upset. Her government had asked its queen to appear more … queenly. ‘The symbol that unites this vast Empire is a Crown not a bonnet,’ complained Lord Rosebery. But Victoria stoutly refused, and ‘the bonnet triumphed’. She would [533–534] wear it today, just as she’d worn it at her Golden Jubilee a decade before.&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;9 Ponsonby (1942) p. 79&quot;}} The queen looked just like a ‘wee little old lady’. The only touch of colour about her black-clad figure was her ‘wonderful, blue, childlike eyes’.&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|10 Smyth (1921) p. 99}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|532–534 of 786; nn. 7, 8, 9, 10, p. 727}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

One source somewhere, however, says there was some purple in her bonnet.

She carried &quot;a black chiffon parasol. It was a gift from the House of Commons, presented to her two days earlier by its oldest member, who was ninety-five.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|539 of 786}}

According to A. N. Wilson, QV was &quot;dressed in grey and black&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;In the case of Queen Victoria, the intensity of crowd reaction was especially strong, because she made public parade of herself so seldom. The emotional atmosphere was overpowering on that hot, sunny day. The Queen, dressed in grey and black, but smiling and bowing, held a parasol above her and bowed her smiling head to left and right as the landau passed through the streets of London – Constitution Hill, to Hyde Park Corner; then along [976–977] Piccadilly, down St James's Street to Pall Mall, past all the clubs, into Trafalgar Square, up the Strand and into Ludgate Hill to St Paul’s.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;{{rp|976–977 of 1204}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The bonnet QV wore for the Diamond Jubilee Procession was decorated with diamonds according the ''Lady's Pictorial'':&lt;blockquote&gt;I HEAR on reliable authority that, although the fact has hitherto escaped the notice of all the describers of the Diamond Jubilee Procession, the bonnet worn by the Queen on that occasion was liberally adorned with diamonds. It is a tiny bit of flotsam, but worth rescuing, as every detail of the historic pageant will one day be of even greater interest than it is now.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;At least 3 official photographs show QV and made available as cabinet cards (2 anyhow) for this Jubilee:

# One was made in 1893 at the time of George and Mary's wedding. It was made by W. &amp; D. Downey and is in the Royal Collection (https://www.rct.uk/collection/2912658/queen-victoria-1819-1901-diamond-jubilee-portrait)
# One was made in July 1896 by Gunn &amp; Stuart and published as a cabinet card by  Lea, Mohrstadt &amp; Co. (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom_(by_Gunn_%26_Stuart,_1897).jpg&lt;nowiki/&gt;)
# One was made 5 days after the Jubilee Procession (so, on 27 June 1897).
# One was made by Mullen (according to the Royal Trust [#4]

'''1897 June 27, Sunday''' (or 5 days after the Jubilee procession), QV's official Jubilee photograph.&lt;blockquote&gt;at Osborne, Victoria had an official Jubilee photograph taken, wearing her Jubilee dress and, of course, her wedding lace.&lt;sup&gt;71:&quot;71 RA QVJ/1885: 27 July&quot;&lt;/sup&gt; The whole royal family was becoming familiar with manipulating its photographic image. In 1863, ''The Times'' reported that Vicky and Alice had themselves retouched their brother Bertie’s [551–552] wedding photos.&lt;sup&gt;72&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sup&gt;&quot;72The Times, London (9 April 1863) p. 7, quoted in Plunkett (2003) p. 189&quot;&lt;/sup&gt; (The princesses really preferred sitting to an old-fashioned artist, like a sculptor, who excelled in ‘making them look like ladies, while the Photographs are common indeed’.&lt;sup&gt;73&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;: &quot;73 “RA VIC/ADDX/2/211, p. 29&quot;&lt;/sup&gt;) After each new photographic sitting, Victoria ‘carefully criticised’ the results.&lt;sup&gt;74&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;: &quot;74 “Private Life (1897; 1901 edition) p. 69&quot;&lt;/sup&gt; In her later photographs, like this Diamond Jubilee portrait, she was heavily retouched, a double chin removed, inches shaved off her waist. The Photographic News criticised a photo from her Golden Jubilee for making her look as if she had ‘oedematous disease’, a condition where the body bloats up with excess fluid. Her skin had been smoothed to the extent that she looked like a waxwork.&lt;sup&gt;75&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;: &quot;75 “Plunkett (2003) p. 192&quot;&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; &lt;sup&gt;fn 771, 72, 73, 74, 75, p. 731&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''1897 June 28, Monday''', the Jubilee Garden Party at Buckingham Palace took place, with good weather and about 6,000 attendees.

The ''Lady's Pictorial'' gives detai about QV's dress:&lt;blockquote&gt;The Queen, whom every one delighted to see looking well and bright, evidently not at all the worse for the great doings of last week, was attired in black silk. The front of her dress was veiled with white chiffon, over which was a single tissue of black silken embroidered muslin, the embroidery in a small floral design, with inserted bands of openwork lace. The bodice was of black grenadine with tucks at either side, bordering a front of white chiffon veiled with black embroidered muslin, and the basque finished with a frill of pleated black chiffon. Round the hem were two frills of black chiffon festooned on, and each headed by a tiny puffing. Her Majesty’s cape was of black chiffon over white silk, fitting in slightly at the back to the figure, and finished in front with fichu ends. Round the cape were frills of white silk with over frills of black chiffon. The Queen’s bonnet was black relieved with white, and her Majesty had the sunshade presented to her by her oldest Parliamentary member, Mr. C. Villiers. It was of black satin draped with very fine real Chantilly lace, and with a frill of the same all round. It was lined with soft white silk, and the ebony handle terminated in a gun metal ball, on which was a crown and &quot;V. R. I.&quot; in diamonds.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Queen's Garden Party.&quot; ''Lady's Pictorial'' 3 July 1897, Saturday: 55 [of 76], Col. 2a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005980/18970703/126/0055. Same print title, p. 27.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The ''Globe'' described her with perhaps slightly less detail than the other women:&lt;blockquote&gt;The Queen appeared about half-past five in a carriage drawn by two cream-coloured ponies, and '''attended one''' outrider. The Princess of Wales was seated beside the Queen, and the Earl of Lathom walked beside the carriage. Her Majesty drove very slowly twice round the lawn, frequently stopping to speak to one or other of the guests.

The Queen was in black, with a good deal of jet on her mantle, and wore a white lace bonnet, and carried a black parasol, almost covered with white lace. The Princess of Wales was in white silk veiled in mousseline soie, worked over in silver and lace applique, and a mauve tulle toque with flowers to match. After driving round, the Queen entered the Royal tent, where refreshments were served by the Indian attendants. Her Majesty had on her right hand the Grand Duchess of Hesse, dressed in white, with black velvet and ribbons, and a large Tuscan hat, with black and white plumes; on her left the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, in mauve satin, and white aigrette in her bonnet. The Empress Frederick’s black broché gown had a collar of white lace, and her black bonnet was relieved by white flowers, and tied with white tulle strings.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;“The Queen’s Garden Party. Brilliant Scene at Buckingham Palace.” ''Globe'' 29 June 1897, Tuesday: 6 [of 8], Col. 3a–c [of 5]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001652/18970629/050/0006. Print p. 6.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|Col. 3b–c}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;From the ''North British Daily Mail'', &lt;blockquote&gt;The Queen was evidently in excellent health, and there was no trace whatever of the fatigues which she has recently undergone. Indeed she walked with greater ease than usual, and really had no need of the proffered help of her attendants. ... The Queen and her daughter were dressed in black, but the former had upon her bonnet a little trimming of delicate white lace, which somewhat toned down the sombre effect of the mourning. Two Highland attendants having taken their places in the rumble, one of them handed to the Queen a black and white parasol, and then the signal to start was given.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;&quot;Jubilee Festivities. The Queen Again in London. Interesting Functions. A Visit to Kensington. The Garden Party.&quot; ''North British Daily Mail'' 29 June 1897, Tuesday: 5 [of 8], Col. 3a–7b [of 9]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002683/18970629/083/0005. Print p. 5.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|Col. 3c}} ...

The Queen wore a black gauze gown over white, and a white lace bonnet.

The Princess of Wales wore white muslin over silk embroidered in silver and lace.

The Empress Frederick wore a black silk dress with a good deal of white lace about the bodice, and a black bonnet with white plumes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;{{rp|Col. 5c}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1897 June 30, Wednesday''', Royal Banquet at Buckingham Palace, with the Queen in a very ornate dress, with gold and jewels as well as the colors brought by the orders and ribbon of the Garter:&lt;blockquote&gt;over eighty Royal guests. The Queen herself was magnificent!y attired in black renaiscance moiré antique (it is a curious fact that her Majesty never wears satin or velvet, having an antipathy to touching these materials). The whole of the front of the dress was embroidered in a magnificent design with real gold thread. There was a waved band of gold in the pattern, enclosing suns and stars, all of gold, raised from the surlace of the silk; the suns had centres of jewels, and the whole design was richly jewelled, and was bordered at either side by coquillés of real lace. This embroidery was all wrought at Agra. The bodice was finished with a pointed stomacher of the gold and jewelled work, and across it her Majesty wore the blue riband of the Garter and many magnificent Orders.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Court &amp; Society Notes.&quot; ''Lady's Pictorial'' 3 July 1897, Saturday: 56 [of 76], Col. 2c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0005980/18970703/282/0056. Print title same, p. 28.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;The assertion that she never wore satin or velvet doesn't seem right (e.g., see Bassano 1882 dress).

'''1899''', Susan B. Anthony attended a reception at Windsor Castle and met QV: to look at &quot;her wonderful face&quot; was a &quot;thrill.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|852 of 1203}}

=== Her Dresses ===
#'''1822''': Wikipedia page #2, painting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria), Victoria and her mother, Duchess of Kent, by William Beechey. Victoire is in mourning, Victoria is holding a portrait of her father. Royal Collection Trust: https://www.rct.uk/collection/407169/victoria-duchess-of-kent-1786-1861-with-princess-victoria-1819-1901.
##&quot;After William Beechey.&quot; Wikimedia Commons, possibly a contemporary copy of the painting: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_William_Beechey_(1753-1839)_-_Victoria,_Duchess_of_Kent,_(1786-1861)_with_Princess_Victoria,_(1819-1901)_-_RCIN_407169_-_Royal_Collection.jpg
#'''1827''', an engraving of a bust of Victoria (from a 1908 book) by Plant, after Stewart's painted miniature: she is wearing family honors on the left shoulder of her dress; she is about 6 years old in this image; she looks like a princess. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Letters_Of_Queen_Victoria,_vol_1_-_H.R.H._The_Princess_Victoria,_1827.png
#'''1835 August 10 [maybe 1837?]''': print portrait of a teenaged QV published in Chapter 2 of Millicent Garrett Fawcett's 1895 ''Life of Her Majesty Queen Victoria'' (but possibly published in 1835 in a magazine?). QV's dress is in the off-the-shoulder romantic style with a high, Empire waist. She is wearing a 4-strand necklace, probably pearls, and large dangling earrings, with a 4-strand pearl bracelet on her right arm. She has a glove on her left hand, not elbow length but definitely longer than wrist length, and she is wearing a wire net-like headdress on the top of her head that contracted to contain and shape her hair. A very similar image was published in ''The Graphic'' on 26 January 1901 claiming that QV was 17; the image is not identical, but must have been made from the same sitting (the 1901 image is full length and her left hand is empty). The caption for the image from ''The Graphic'' — &quot;The Queen at the Age of Seventeen&quot; — says that it came from a painting by George Hayter.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://viewer.library.wales/5254866#?xywh=-3550,-523,12266,7776|title=The Life of Queen Victoria ... National Library of Wales Viewer|website=viewer.library.wales|language=en|access-date=2026-03-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wikimedia Commons 1895 image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Life_of_Her_Majesty_Queen_Victoria_-_Victoria_Aug_10th_1835.png. 1901 ''Graphic'' image, National Library of Wales: https://viewer.library.wales/5254866#?xywh=-3550%2C-523%2C12266%2C7776. Wikimedia Commons ''Graphic'' 1901 image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_life_of_Queen_Victoria_Claremont,_where_the_Queen_spent_the_happiest_days_of_her_childhood_-_the_South_side,_the_view_from_the_ballroom_;_the_Queen_at_the_age_of_seventeen_(from_the_painting_by_Sir_George_Hayter)_(5254866).jpg.
#'''1836''': print of Winterhalter portrait, QV surrounded by books, empire dress and jewelry. Very stylish and up-to-date fashion, off the shoulder, with some frou-frou, but not contrasting colors for the frou-frou. The skirt is divided into 2 parts at about the knees by a wide band of trim. This design with the divided skirt and non-contrasting frou-frou lasted her entire life (maybe with a break when Albert was alive?). She did it a lot but not exclusively, but enough for it to be characteristic. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_-_Princess_Victoria_in_1836.png
#'''1837''': print of watercolor portrait&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-09-04|title=John Deffett Francis|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Deffett_Francis&amp;oldid=1244015737|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; by John Deffett Francis of Victoria, who was not queen yet: print &quot;to William 4th &amp; Leopold, King of Belgium&quot;; V is wearing a cap with a lacy edge around her face, with a wide-brimmed bonnet, trimmed with ribbon and a veil; no jewelry, dress is off the shoulder, fabric appears to be silk, with gathers, with a dark shawl trimmed with dark lace; she is holding a folding fan; dark slippers. Dash romping at her feet. Unostentatious outfit but appears to be exquisitely made with quality materials. Not loaded up with frou-frou, simply made but high-quality. National Library of Wales: https://viewer.library.wales/4674631#?xywh=-1346%2C976%2C7852%2C4710; Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Her_Most_Gracious_Majesty_Queen_Victoria_(4674631).jpg
#'''1837 Summer''', probably: print by Richard James Lane of a watercolor by Alfred Edward Chalon. Idealized portrait of QV between the accession and the coronation. The portrait has her features but is not a good likeness. The British Museum description says, &quot;seated to left looking to right; wearing a lace collar, ruffled cape and black satin apron said to have been embroidered by herself, holding letter and handkerchief; on terrace with view of St George’s chapel, Windsor.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Her Majesty the Queen.&quot; O'Donoghue 1908-25 / Catalogue of Engraved British Portraits preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum (108). Object: 1912,1012.76. 

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1912-1012-76&lt;/ref&gt; The bodice has huge sleeves, narrow at the wrist but puffing out over the elbows. The fabric of the dress looks like moiré. The black apron on her lap, though she may have embroidered it, seems odd, like why would the new queen wear an apron, even a decorative one? The plain hairstyle, the apron and what may be a bonnet on the tile floor to her left do not present her as regal but as simple and girly, perhaps as a contrast to the excesses of the prior courts. British Museum: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1912-1012-76. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Her_Majesty_the_Queen_(BM_1912,1012.76).jpg.
#'''1837 November''': portrait of QV standing in the royal box at the Drury Lane Theatre by Edmund Thomas Parris (this image is a contemporary copy of Parris's painting). Not a very strong likeness and so highly idealized that her clothing isn't readable. Also, the color may not be true; this copy may be too red. She has decorative gauntlets on her gloves, a transparent black lace shawl, the ribbon of the Order of the Garter, some tiara or diadem that could be the Fringe Tiara except that the metal is wrong, complicated lace things with dags at the turned-back cuffs. She is holding a few flowers in a bouquet holder and a lace-trimmed handkerchief; on the ledge in front of her are the program, with a bookmark, a folded fan and a folded material that might be supposed to be ermine? can't tell. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_at_the_theatre.jpg
#'''1838''': etching of QV riding side saddle, caption says, &quot;Her Majesty the Queen on Her Favourite Charger '''Thxxx'''&quot;; published in 1840, after a painting by Ed. Curcould; etching by Fredk A. Heath; riding habit and top hat with veil, falling collar, tie may be 4-in-hand (Wikimedia Commons copy, from L. Strachey's 1921 biog: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_-_Queen_Victoria_in_1838.png). British Museum: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/1454391001
#'''1838''', stipple engraving of a waist-up portrait of QV by James Thomson, yet another idealized coronation portrait not drawn from life. Filet in her hair with pendant pearl at the center part, pearl earrings and necklace we've never seen before. Neck length is highly flattering. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Her_Majesty_the_Queen_Victoria_(4674629).jpg
#'''1838''': stipple engraving of a flattering portrait of QV by Frederick Christian Lewis, probably not drawn from life. She is wearing a bonnet with a large brim over a cap with lace ruffles, the brim is covered with gathered fabric, sort of a halo effect. The off-the-shoulder style of the dress was fashionable, as are the sloped shoulders. Dark shawl over a light dress. She is wearing light gloves. National Library of Wales: https://viewer.library.wales/4674631#?xywh=2044%2C1782%2C928%2C588. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Her_Most_Gracious_Majesty_Queen_Victoria_(4674631).jpg
#'''1838''': 2 George Hayter portraits of QV, plus a painting of the coronation: 
##Portrait of QV with her hand on a Bible and light shining on her upturned face, wearing the white dress worn after the peers swore allegiance and before the crown is placed on her head. The St. Edward's crown is on 2 pillows with the scepter. She is wearing an enormous elaborate robe over a sheer, lacy white dress, but the complexity of the layers and perhaps the artistic license make it impossible to really describe how the garments were constructed. The gold brocade robe with fringed edges is spectacular but does not match Worsley's description of the robe QV wore as she entered the Abbey. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_taking_the_Coronation_Oath_by_George_Hayter_1838.jpg 
##in Wikimedia Commons called ''Queen Victoria Enthroned in the House of Lords''. It may not have been drawn from life; Hayter's painting of the wedding cannot really be seen as a historical record of what occurred, and so this may not have been what she wore at the coronation. QV seated on the lion's head chair or throne, with the St. Edward's crown on a table to her right. She is wearing the Diamond Diadem and the coronation necklace and earrings. She is wearing an ermine-lined red velvet robe tied together at the waist with a tasseled gold cord. A jeweled &quot;collar&quot; falls from her right shoulder to her waist and then goes back up to her left shoulder. Her dress is not the dress she wore to the coronation, white satin with gold embroidery. This one appears to be a silver and gold brocade with a deep gold fringe at the bottom. She is traditionally corseted. She has a white glove on her left hand, which rests on the other glove. The gloves are decorated with a double row of gathered lace. The heavily jeweled bodice is off the shoulder. The point of one satin slipper peeks out from under her skirt on the low footrest. Art UK: https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/queen-victoria-18191901-enthroned-in-the-house-of-lords-50933. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_Throne.png.
##''The Coronation of Queen Victoria in Westminster Abbey, 28 June 1838,'' Hayter's large painting of the coronation, completed 1840.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/405409/the-coronation-of-queen-victoria-in-westminster-abbey-28-june-1838|title=Sir George Hayter (1792-1871) - The Coronation of Queen Victoria in Westminster Abbey, 28 June 1838|website=www.rct.uk|language=en|access-date=2026-04-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hayter made drawings during the coronation ceremony and then recreated Westminster Abbey as he preferred, rather than painting what the Abbey actually looked like. QV is wearing the Imperial Crown of State, but this is the moment after the coronation when the peers put on their coronets. The painting has 64 individual portraits painted in their gowns and robes by Hayter later. Royal Collection Trust: https://www.rct.uk/collection/405409/the-coronation-of-queen-victoria-in-westminster-abbey-28-june-1838; Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coronation_of_Queen_Victoria_28_June_1838_by_Sir_George_Hayter.jpg.
#'''1838''': Thomas Sully portrait of QV
##'''1838 May 15''': study for the full-length portrait by Thomas Sully, bust, bare shoulders, no clothing for analysis, but romantic and sensual, crown, possibly coronation necklace. &quot;This oil sketch was painted '''from during''' several sittings in the spring of 1838, just before the coronation, in preparation for a full-length portrait. Victoria, who wears a diamond diadem, earrings, and necklace, is said to have considered this a nice picture.'&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; (11) Metropolitan Museum of Art: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/12702. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_MET_DT5422.jpg
##Full-length portrait, which QV sat for and which Sully finished after having returned to the US. Not sure which crown this is, neither of the coronation crowns. Very flattering of Victoria, who is in her state robe with a white dress. Metropolitan Museum of Art: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/14826. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_by_Thomas_Sully_in_the_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg.
##Copy from the Sully full-length portrait of head and bust by W. Warman, though not a faithful copy, as if he was copying the painting without having it in front of him. National Portrait Gallery: https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw06507/Queen-Victoria. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_by_W._Warman_after_Thomas_Sully.jpg.
#'''1838''': engraved mezzotint print from a painting by Agostino Aglio the Elder (https://www.lelandlittle.com/items/384935/antique-portrait-of-a-young-queen-victoria/), which cannot have been painted from life. QV is dressed as if for her coronation, with the St. Edward's crown and the throne in the background. The face does not look like Victoria's, the dress with its ermine hem is not a representation of any dresses we're aware of, and the robe with its transparent falling sleeves is not the official coronation robe. The mezzotint by James Scott shows detail more clearly than the painting does, which is dark. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_Queen_of_the_United_Kingdom.jpg
#'''1838 August 5''': engraving of QV, published in ''The News'' on this date, may not have been taken from life. She may be wearing the white satin with gold embroidery dress she wore to Westminster Abbey; the crown on her head is not the Imperial State Crown; she is wearing long earrings (which we've never seen before) and no necklace. The cape has a shorter layer on top, trimmed in bands of gold, it looks like, which we've also never seen before. Her right hand is wearing a glove, probably silk, pushed down to 3/4 length. National Library of Wales: https://viewer.library.wales/4674621#?xywh=-2124%2C-568%2C8542%2C7730. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Queen_Victoria_(4674621).jpg  
#'''1839''': engraving of Edwin Landseer portrait of QV in a very flattering and fashionable riding habit, less masculine than some, ribbon and badge of the Order of the Garter, top hat with veil, corseted, with the jacket fitted, large sleeves to the elbow, fitted below the elbow; a peplum may be part of the jacket, can't tell; she may be riding side-saddle with the newly invented horn to stabilize the rider. It's a good likeness of Victoria. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Her_Majesty_the_Queen-_1839_(4672716).jpg.  
#1840 February 10: QV's Wedding
##QV's wedding dress on a mannequin. Royal Collection Trust, 3 photos: https://www.rct.uk/collection/71975. Mary Bettans, QV's &quot;longest serving dressmaker,&quot; probably made this wedding dress.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/71975|title=Mary Bettans - Queen Victoria's wedding dress|website=www.rct.uk|language=en|access-date=2025-12-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [https://thedreamstress.com/2011/04/queen-victorias-wedding-dress-the-one-that-started-it-all/ Dreamstress blog posting on QV's wedding dress] has clear photos of her shoes. The Royal Collection description says, in part, &quot;Wedding dress ensemble of cream silk satin; comprising pointed boned bodice lined with silk, elbow length gathered sleeves; deep lace flounces at neck and sleeves and plain untrimmed skirt en suite, gathered into waist with unpressed pleats.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; The color of the dress is definitely not white now, but the RCT description doesn't suggest that the color has changed. The materials are &quot;Cream silk satin with Honiton lace&quot; and &quot;silk (textile), satin, flowers, lace.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; The &quot;flowers&quot; perhaps explains the wreath of artificial orange blossoms that the mannequin is wearing; the description doesn't say whether the headdress was the one worn by QV at the wedding.
##QV's watercolor sketch of her design for the bridesmaids' dresses: &quot;a white dress trimmed with sprays of roses on the bodice and skirt. A matching spray of roses is shown in her hair. She is wearing white gloves and holding a handkerchief in one hand.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/13/collection/980021-o/design-for-queen-victorias-bridesmaids-dresses|title=Explore the Royal Collection online|website=www.rct.uk|language=en|access-date=2025-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Royal Collection Trust: https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/13/collection/980021-o/design-for-queen-victorias-bridesmaids-dresses.
#1840–1842: George Hayter's painting of the moment in the wedding when QV and Albert clasp hands
##1840 February 10 – 1842: George Hayter's wedding portrait at the moment they clasped hands (what was commissioned), sketched at the time, portraits and background filled in later, not an actual depiction of what the chapel looked like, the environment sketched in before the ceremony and the people during the ceremony, followed by people sitting for their individual portrait within the larger painting. Royal Collection Trust: https://www.rct.uk/collection/407165/the-marriage-of-queen-victoria-10-february-1840. Wikimedia Commons: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Queen_Victoria#/media/File:Sir_George_Hayter_(1792-1871)_-_The_Marriage_of_Queen_Victoria,_10_February_1840_-_RCIN_407165_-_Royal_Collection.jpg. Along with almost everybody else, both QV and Albert posed later for the portraits in the painting, QV in March 1840 in, as she says, &quot; Bridal dress, veil, wreath &amp; all.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/407165/the-marriage-of-queen-victoria-10-february-1840|title=Sir George Hayter (1792-1871) - The Marriage of Queen Victoria, 10 February 1840|website=www.rct.uk|language=en|access-date=2025-12-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
##A number of reproductions of all or part of Hayter's painting were made. Engraving after Hayter's wedding portrait: amazingly tight outfit on Albert, QV has long train with ladies holding it; QV's dress off the shoulder, very lacy: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marriage_of_Queen_Victoria_MET_MM78359.jpg
#'''1840 c.''': miniature of QV by Franz Winterhalter, very idealized; QV is wearing a large pendant on a gold-bead necklace with matching earrings and jeweled fillet, strands of diamonds wrapped around the coiled hair high on the back of her head. Her off-the-shoulder dress is white lace with yellow bows, very girly with an unusual amount of frou-frou. She is wearing a blue sash across her chest from left to right, perhaps the ribbon of the Order of the Garter? Something puffy and pink — perhaps a shawl? — is over the dress. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_-_La_reine_Victoria.jpg
#'''1840 c.''': mezzotint print of QV by T. W. Huffam, may not have been drawn from life, and not perfectly realistic. QV is wearing a cap on the back of her head and perhaps a double row of what might be pearls across the top of her head, with pearl drop earrings. Off-the-shoulders cream-colored dress with pleating around the neckline and from the waist down. Broach at the center of the neckline, ring on her left hand; possible heavy chain bracelet on her left wrist. Colorful red-and-blue patterned shawl; what may be the Ribbon of the Order of the Garter, but on the wrong shoulder (and color is too dark, but the color may not be true); probably an odd wadded-up handkerchief in her right hand, with a lacy edge. National Library of Wales: https://viewer.library.wales/4674795#?xywh=935%2C2586%2C2207%2C1324. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Her_Gracious_Majesty_Queen_Victoria_(4674795).jpg
#'''1840''': QV and Albert return from the wedding at St. James's Palace
##1840 February 10: engraving by S. Reynolds (after F. Lock). May not have been made from life, the dress QV is wearing does not match the descriptions of any of the dresses she wore that day. Albert is dressed more or less the way he was for the wedding. This is an image of how she was imagined by the artist or perceived by the public, not how she looked. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wedding_of_Queen_Victoria_and_Prince_Albert.jpg
##F. Lock
#'''1840''': not very realistic illustration of Edward Oxford's assassination attempt on QV (illustration by Ebenezer Landells; lithograph by J. R. Jobbins). We see QV in white, with a yellow bonnet and something white streaming, veil or shawl, protected by heroic male figure, Albert? or the driver? https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Oxford_tries_to_shoot_Queen_Victoria_in_1840_by_JR_Jobbins.jpg
#'''1840''': 2 versions of what looks like the same portrait of QV by John Partridge, one painting in Dublin Castle and another in the Royal Collection Trust, both apparently made by Partridge with sittings in September and October 1840.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/403022/queen-victoria-1819-1901|title=John Partridge (1790-1872) - Queen Victoria (1819-1901)|website=www.rct.uk|language=en|access-date=2026-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; QV is in black formal dress with red background and objects associating her with Albert. The RCT description: &quot;The Queen, in a black evening dress with a black and silver head-dress, wears the ribbon and star of the Garter and the Garter round her left arm. She stands with her hand resting on a letter on the table. The gilt metal inkstand set with semi-precious stones was a present from Prince Albert to the Queen on her birthday, 24 May 1840. The bracelet on her right arm is set with a miniature portrait of Prince Albert by Sir William Ross for which the Prince had sat in February and March 1840 and the locket round her neck was given to her by Prince Albert.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt; QV's modest, black velvet, off-the-shoulder dress is very Romantic. The puffed sleeves have a separate, fine lace ruffle that is shorter over the front of the arm and longer in back. She is holding a large white lace handkerchief and a folding fan.
##The Royal Collection Trust painting may have been restored or conserved differently because it is lighter and the background is much brighter red. Besides the interesting black headdress with a silver fringe on two levels, attached possibly to a bun on the back of her head, she is wearing a [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Ferronnière|ferronnière]] with a large brooch-like jewel piece in the center front. This version of the painting was probably a gift to Albert for Christmas 1840.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt; https://www.rct.uk/collection/403022/queen-victoria-1819-1901. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_-_Partridge_1840.jpg.
##The painting in Dublin Castle is much darker and QV's necklace and headdress are different. In this case, she is wearing the [[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria#The Diamond Diadem|Diamond Diadem]] rather than the less-official ferronnière. Dublin Castle: https://dublincastle.ie/the-state-apartments/queen-victoria/. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_Dublin_Castle.jpg.
#'''1841''': print of drawing of QV, stylish and romantic look, braids loops around her ears, off the shoulders, corseted, wearing honors, elbow-length lace-edged sleeves, full skirts, holding folding fan and lacy handkerchief in her left hand, very stylish pointed waist: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_victoria_by_DESMAISONS,_PIERRE_EMILIEN_-_GMII.jpg
#'''1841''': watercolor miniature by George Freeman of a pretty good likeness of QV for Mrs Andrew Stevenson, the wife of the American ambassador. QV is in white evening dress, red shawl with orange trim, ribbon of the Order of the Garter, tiara on the back of her head, miniature of Albert on her right wrist, wedding ring, hair in braided loops in front of the ears, very lacy at the elbows and top of bodice but otherwise no frou-frou. Royal Collection Trust: https://www.rct.uk/collection/421456/queen-victoria-1819-1901. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Miniature_portrait_of_Queen_Victoria_(1819-1901),_1841.jpg.
#'''1841 March 21''': mezzotint print of QV and Vicky as a baby (Ellen Cole made the original art, G. H. Phillips made the messotint, printmaker Henry Graves &amp; Co.)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://wellcomecollection.org/works/wthk5hpy|title=Queen Victoria with the infant Princess Victoria on her lap. Mezzotint by G.H. Phillips after E. Cole, 1841.|website=Wellcome Collection|language=en|access-date=2025-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;, unclear what kind of dress QV is wearing, could be morning dress or even negligé, although she is wearing jewelry and a cap, appears to be wearing a corset, but the fabric of this loose and flowing dress is very likely silk, some sheer, very feminine, limp lace ruffles, unstiffened silk; could be a christening outfit?, Vicky is also wearing sheer flowing fabric, has a cap with stiffened ruffle, around the neck, unstiffened ruffle: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_the_infant_Princess_Victoria_Adelaide_Wellcome_V0048381.jpg
#1842: portrait by Winterhalter of QV in her wedding dress. This pose is a recreation; the lower half of the skirt is lace covered. QV is facing left, holding a length of lace and a small bouquet of flowers. Tiara on the back of her head, pendant on a gold chain around her neck, perhaps the sapphire brooch, and rings. QV sat for the painting &quot;in June and July 1842. The Queen wears a dress of heavy ivory satin, enhanced by a bertha and a deep flounce of lace like those on her wedding dress (see Figure 39). Her jewelry includes a diadem of sapphires and diamonds, the huge sapphire-and-diamond brooch given to her by Prince Albert on their wedding day, and the Order of the Garter insignia.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; (15) &quot;The portrait was completed in August and set into the wall of the White Drawing Room at Windsor Castle. Winterhalter was immediately commissioned to paint at least three copies, and a number of others exist, including enamel miniatures that the Queen had made up into bracelets for her friends.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; (15)
#'''1843''': portrait by Winterhalter, bust of QV, bare shoulders, hair has fallen down, simple jewelry, sensual, sexual, romantic: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter_(1805-73)_-_Queen_Victoria_(1819-1901)_-_RCIN_406010_-_Royal_Collection.jpg.
#'''1843''': flattering, fashion-illustration-style portrait by Winterhalter, QV is wearing the Diamond Diadem created for George IV and standing with the Imperial State Crown near her right hand, which means it's not a coronation recreation. She is wearing the mantle of the Garter with its jeweled chain-like collar and St. George hanging from it with the Garter on her left arm. Winterhalter did a companion portrait of Albert at the same time, and they are hanging in the Garter Throne Room in Windsor Castle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/404388/queen-victoria-1819-1901-0|title=Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805-73) - Queen Victoria (1819-1901)|website=www.rct.uk|language=en|access-date=2026-02-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Queen Victoria is wearing the Turkish diamonds necklace and earrings. She has bare shoulders and arms, suggestive of court or evening dress; besides the mantle of the Garter, she is wearing a white dress with a complex overdress that is open at the waist. The skirt of the white dress has gold threads (that might be brocade) with 7 horizontal graduated rows of a soutache-like trim around the bottom 2/3. Royal Collection Trust: https://www.rct.uk/collection/404388/queen-victoria-1819-1901-0. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_1843.jpg.
#'''1843''': line and stipple engraving (by Skelton and Hopwood) of a painting by Eugène Modeste Edmond Lepoittevin. QV visiting Helene, Duchesse d'Orléans at the Château d'Eu (Eu, Normandy, France). Two of the Duchesse d'Orléans' sons are with her in the portrait; she appears to be in mourning with a lot of frou-frou and touches of white. QV is wearing a stylish, romantic (off the shoulder) dress with a small white ruffle at the neck, lacy cuffs at the wrist; the sleeves are divided by 2 rows above the elbow of some kind of 3-dimensional trim; below the elbow the sleeves are fitted. The skirt is very full; her hair is simple, pulled in front of her ears into a bun in the back, with no headdress; she is wearing little or no jewelry. National Portrait Gallery: https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw145636/Visit-of-Queen-Victoria-to-the-Duchesse-DOrlans?LinkID=mp93326&amp;role=sit&amp;rNo=0. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visit_of_Queen_Victoria_to_the_Duchess_of_Orleans.jpg.
#'''1845''': photograph of QV and Vicky, earliest photograph of them, Description from Royal Collection Trust: &quot;They are shown in three quarter view, facing left. The queen is wearing a dark coloured silk gown, with a white lace fichu, adorned with a brooch. The Princess Royal looks directly at the viewer and leans against her mother, nestled under her right arm. She is wearing a dark coloured silk dress, trimmed with white lace. She is wearing a pendant on a black ribbon around her neck, and is holding a doll in her arms.&quot; White v-shaped bodice front connected to the rest of the bodice. Copy from the Royal Collection Trust: https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/-/collection/2931317-c (Wikimedia Commons copy: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_the_Princess_Royal_Victoria_c1844-5.png)
#'''1846''': Winterhalter portrait of QV with Bertie, one of a pair of portraits by Winterhalter of QV and Prince Albert. QV is wearing an unusual, off-the-shoulder outfit, no crown but a headdress that is black lace, sheer, ruffled, attached above her ears, with a rose on the left side, no necklace but bracelets and rings and the Order of the Garter ribbon and star. The top of this dress may be a bustier rather than a bodice, resting on rather than attached to the skirt; it is boned and very smooth and comes to a deep point in front, emphasizing her small waist. The skirt may be in two layers, pink satin (to match the bustier or bodice) covered by a sheer black lace-and-tulle overskirt. Bertie is in long pants and a belted &quot;loose Russian blouse&quot; that falls to his knees.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/406945/queen-victoria-with-the-prince-of-wales|title=Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1805-73) - Queen Victoria with the Prince of Wales|website=www.rct.uk|language=en|access-date=2026-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; The portrait was a gift to Sir Robert Peel and shows QV in evening dress and Bertie (and Prince Albert in his separate portrait) as a family in nonregal clothing, what Peel called &quot;private society.&quot; Royal Collection Trust: https://www.rct.uk/collection/406945/queen-victoria-with-the-prince-of-wales. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_with_the_Prince_of_Wales.jpg.
#'''1846 October – 1847 January''', sittings for Winterhalter family portrait of QV and Albert and 5 children (Vicky, Bertie, Alice, Affie, Helena as a baby). QV is wearing a very ornate white dress with a smooth bodice, with a corset beneath: a lot of lace in her lap, either a large shawl coming around from the back or the top layer of her skirt (?), which is a series of 4 lacy ruffles starting at her knees and going down; gathers over her bust, sleeves are gathered; whole dress is a lot of frou-frou, very white, feminine, soft and flowing. She is wearing an emerald and diamond diadem, part of a parure of other emerald jewelry as well as a locket around her neck. (Albert designed the diadem in 1845, made by Joseph Kitching). Painting was exhibited in 1847 in St. James's Palace and released as an engraving in 1850. Royal Collection Trust: https://www.rct.uk/collection/405413/the-royal-family-in-1846. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter_Family_of_Queen_Victoria.jpg. Engraving: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_-_Queen_Victoria,_Prince_Albert_and_the_Royal_Family.png
#'''1847 February 24''': Winterhalter portrait of QV in a version of her at her wedding, wearing her wedding veil and wreath of orange blossoms in her hair and the sapphire brooch that &quot;Albert gave her on their wedding day and the ear-rings and necklace made from the Turkish diamonds given to her by the Sultan Mahmúd II in 1838.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/20/collection/400885/queen-victoria-1819-1901|title=Winterhalter Portrait of Queen Victoria, 1846|website=www.rct.uk|language=en|access-date=2025-12-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; This portrait is dated 1847, so it is not a portrait of her at her wedding but an anniversary gift for Albert of her dressed as for her wedding. RCT: https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/20/collection/400885/queen-victoria-1819-1901 Wikimedia: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_1847.jpg
#'''1851 August 30''', line drawing of QV, Albert and Bertie visiting the opening (?) of a train station, published in the ILL. QV's clothing is approximate, but she is wearing a bonnet; we don't know if the artist drew her from life or from his expectation of what she would have looked like, stylish but not haute couture, she looks more middle class? https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_visiting_the_GNR.jpg
#'''1854''', portrait Stephen Catterson Smith the Elder. QV in Order of St. Patrick, wearing crown, next to throne; white or cream-colored dress, which looks unironed? horizontal section of the skirt??, off the shoulder, lacy ruffles on top, not much frou-frou, not a cage. Bracelet on her right arm of Albert?, coronation necklace? Standing by the chair with lion's head on the armrest. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_with_the_sash_of_the_Order_of_St_Patrick,_1854.png
##'''1854''', engraving that is a copy of the Smith portrait. Royal Trust: https://www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk/object/565054. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_victoria_indian_circlet.jpg. '''Indian circlet'''?
#'''1854''', photograph of QV, Albert, Duchess of Kent and 7 children, boys in kilts, women in what looks like cages, but probably petticoats: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_with_her_family.jpg
#'''1854''', photograph by Roger Fenton, QV seated, facing our right, holding a portrait of Albert, light very lacy dress, cap on the back of her head, can't see much detail of the dress: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_1854.jpg
#'''1854 May 11''': Roger Fenton photographs from a session showing either QV and Albert in court dress or one of the recreations of their wedding:
##QV standing, looking to her left, wearing a very floral, lacy light-colored dress that has been called her wedding dress, but the Royal Collection Trust says it's a court dress with a train.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Queen Victoria in court dress 1854.jpg.&quot; ''Wikimedia Commons''. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_in_court_dress_1854.jpg (retrieved March 2026).&lt;/ref&gt; She is wearing the ribbon of the Order of the Garter, a cap perched on top of her head above a wreath or crown of flowers, veil, romantic off-the-shoulder neckline with short puffy sleeves, something fluffy and translucent on the front of her dress (like an apron?), a white glove on her left hand, a bouquet of flowers, and it looks like actual flowers attached to the dress itself. More frou-frou than we've seen on her. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_in_court_dress_1854.jpg.
##Low-resolution photo of QV and Albert facing each other, bouquet on plinth, expensive long lace veil, shawl or big white lace collar?, dress has a lot of frou-frou (including flowers) and texture to break up the solid whiteness: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_victoria_and_Prince_Albert.jpg
#'''1854 May 22''': Roger Fenton photograph of QV, Albert and 7 children, one in a wagon, at Buckingham Palace. Albert is wearing a top hat although they seem to be indoors. QV wearing a bonnet tied under her chin with a big bow, a plaid skirt, thigh-length jacket. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_Prince_Albert_%26_royal_children_at_Buckingham_Palace,_1854.jpg
#'''1854 June 30''', photograph by Roger Fenton, QV profile facing our left; very light-colored dress, embroidered (or stamped??) floral pattern on skirt, bodice and sleeves with additional 3-dimensional trim, and apron?, with a wide sash, translucent maybe linen fabric with very fine lace at the edge, very girly; at least one gathered flounce; brimless bonnet on the back of her head, lacy, ribbon, flowers?: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_by_Roger_Fenton.jpg
#'''1855''', Winterhalter portrait: petticoats, lace and satin, a tiara, on the back of her head around the bun, not a symbol of of sovereignty, instead a beautiful decorative piece of jewelry that probably matched her eyes: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_by_Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter.jpg. Rosie Harte says she is wearing the Sapphire Tiara designed for QV as a wedding present by Albert.
#'''1855 March 10''': Illustrated London News wood engraving showing QV and her entourage visiting wounded soldiers in a hospital. It shows how QV was perceived, not so much what she actually wore. She's shown wearing a bonnet, a thigh-length jacket; her tiered skirt has 3 large ruffles that we can see, dividing it horizontally. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_with_her_entourage_visiting_invalided_soldier_Wellcome_V0015776.jpg
#'''1855 April 19''', James Roberts painting of QV, Napoleon III, Eugénie and Albert at Covent Garden, from the perspective of the stage, or at least behind the orchestra. They are dressed formally; QV's white, off the shoulder young-person image, big jewelry; Eugénie looks like she's wearing a cage. Royal Collection Trust: https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/46/collection/920055/the-queen-visiting-covent-garden-with-the-emperor-and-empress-of-the-french-19. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_Napoleon_III_at_the_Royal_Opera_House_19_April_1855.jpg
#'''1856 May 10''', oval half-length portrait of QV by Winterhalter, finished after sittings on 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8 May.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt; QV, who thought the portrait was &quot;very like,&quot; is wearing a distinctive off-the-shoulder red velvet dress with burnt-velvet (?) ruffle, the Koh-i-nûr diamond set in a brooch, a necklace with large diamonds (the Coronation necklace? '''Queen Adelaide's necklace'''?) and the ribbon of the Order of the Garter. She is wearing a corset under the dress (the bodice is so smooth and it comes to a point below the waist), with lace at the décolletage and shoulder and possibly a shawl that matches the ruffle. '''The crown is not the Diamond State Diadem but another crown'''. Royal Collection Trust: https://www.rct.uk/collection/406698/queen-victoria-1819-1901. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Franz_Xaver_Winterhalter_Queen_Victoria.jpg.
#'''1856 December 16''' (lithograph made in 1859), color lithograph of a William Simpson painting showing QV on board a ship being returned to the Brits by Americans. Full-length, winter dress with fur muff, bonnet, matching fur-trimmed coat over dark rich purple and green dress. Albert and some of their children are with her. Library of Congress: https://loc.gov/pictures/resource/pga.03087/. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Simpson_-_George_Zobel_-_England_and_America._The_visit_of_her_majesty_Queen_Victoria_to_the_Arctic_ship_Resolute_-_December_16th,_1856.jpg
#'''1857''': photo of QV and Vicky, Princess Royal, in dark dresses but not mourning, QV has very voluminous ruffled skirt, probably not a cage, wearing a cap: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_her_daughter_Victoria,_Princess_Royal.jpg
#'''1857''': large painting by George Housman Thomas of QV distributing the first Victoria Crosses in Hyde Park, 26 June 1857, shows large military display in a large field, QV giving out VCs to a long line of soldiers. Related to the 1859 Thomas painting, as QV is wearing another scarlet military jacket, waist is cinched, etc. (see the 1859 painting). If the awarding of the VCs occurred in 1857, this painting would have been later? https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_presenting_VC_in_Hyde_Park_on_26_June_1857.jpg
#'''1858 Summer – 14 December 1861, between''', photograph by Southwell, &quot;photographist to the Queen,&quot; of QV wearing a light-colored plaid skirt over a cage and a large dark shawl, reading a piece of paper. (We dated this image between the time she first wore a cage and when Albert died.) She has a cap with a gathered edge under her light-colored bonnet, which has a wide band tied in a bow under her chin with long streamers that hang past her waist. The photograph has been damaged, so patterns on the fabric are impossible to see. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:England_Queen_Victoria.JPG
#'''1859''': Winterhalter portrait, 2 crowns, the one behind her is the [[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria#Imperial State Crown|Imperial State Crown]], &quot;coronation necklace and earrings?,&quot; a vast quantity of ermine, diamonds and gold, parliament in the distance. ArtUK: https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/queen-victoria-18191901-187983. Wikimedia: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_-_Winterhalter_1859.jpg, on Wikipedia page for &quot;Victorian Era&quot;: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_era. The off-the-shoulder look she wore when she was young, short sleeves, gold lace ruffles on the skirt. Another example of elaborate but not crowded frou-frou. Georg Koberwein made a copy of this painting in 1862.
#'''1859 June''': group photograph that includes QV, Albert, Bertie and Princess Alice (who is wearing a cage) as well as Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders; Infante Luís, Duke of Porto, later King Luís I of Portugal;  and King Leopold I of Belgium. Photograph attributed to Dudley FitzGerald-de Ros, 23rd Baron de Ros. QV is seated, facing her right, wearing a cape (can't tell if it has wide sleeves), a feathered hat that ties under her chin with a wide ribbon down the back, a 3-flounce skirt with dark stripes, wider at the bottom, probably over a cage, the 2 top flounces have gathered lace edging; white lace in her lap and over her right shoulder; holding an umbrella. Royal Collection Trust: https://albert.rct.uk/collections/photographs-collection/childrens-albums/group-portrait-with-prince-albert-leopold-i-and-queen-victoria-0?_ga=2.71530067.1155757026.1769614443-1044324474.1768234449. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Group_photograph_of_Queen_Victoria,_Prince_Albert,_Albert_Edward,_Prince_of_Wales,_Count_of_Flanders,_Princess_Alice,_Duke_of_Oporto,_and_King_Leopold_I_of_the_Belgians,_1859.jpg.
#'''1859 July 9''': 1859–1864 painting by George Housman Thomas of QV, Albert and attendants on horses at Aldershot, QV in military-style, with red jacket with trim at the cuffs collar (though technically the jacket is collarless), wearing sash, honors, white blouse with back necktie, white sleeves gathered at the wrist, sitting side saddle, hat with wide brim, low crown, feminized version of the helmet the men are wearing, complete with red and white feathers. Royal Collection Trust says she is wearing a &quot;scarlet military riding jacket with a General's sash and a General's plume in her riding hat&quot; link: https://www.rct.uk/collection/405295/queen-victoria-and-the-prince-consort-at-aldershot-9-july-1859. Wikimedia link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_the_Prince_Consort_at_Aldershot,_9_July_1859.jpg
#'''1860 May 15''': full-length photograph of QV by John Jabez Edwin Paisley Mayall. Dark dress, white ruffled cap and collar, ornate patchworky shawl with fringe and lace. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_by_JJE_Mayall,_1860.png
#'''Circa 1861''', photograph of QV, Albert and 9 children by John Jabez Edwin Mayall. Another portrait where Albert is really the center. The women and girls appear to be wearing hoops.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,_Queen_Victoria_and_their_children_by_John_Jabez_Edwin_Mayall_(n%C3%A9e_Jabez_Meal).jpg
#'''1861''', full-length photograph of QV by C. Clifford of Madrid; QV is standing mostly profile facing her right, with her head turned slightly to us; state occasion, formal dress with crown and jewelry; short sleeves with light-colored, ornate trim above the elbows; the neckline is at the corner of the shoulder with lace inside, making it be less off-the-shoulder than it looks; cage under the full skirt, train attached at the waist, in the front the train is cut away, towards the back; very clearly a silk, shiny fabric that reflected a lot of light; color is unknown; which crown is this? Wellcome Collection: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ppgcfuck/images?id=zbrn4cjm; Wiki Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HM_Queen_Victoria._Photograph_by_C._Clifford_of_Madrid,_1861_Wellcome_V0027547.jpg
#'''1861 March 1''', looks like a session with photographer John Jabez Edwin Paisley Mayall and QV, from while Albert was still alive, dark but not mourning dress, with what may be a large [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Moiré|moiré]] pattern in the fabric. Lots of frou-frou. 2 images from this session:
##Full-length photograph of QV by Mayall. Shiny dark satiny fabric, cage, large white-lace shawl, white collar, white cap on the back of her head, book in front of her on plinth: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria.jpg
##Full-length photograph of QV by Mayall. Shiny dark satiny dress fabric, cage but not the half-sphere, skirt is fuller than the cage, defined waist, more fullness in back, same white collar and cap, sleeve of jacket gets wider at the wrist, showing how full the lacy/ruffly sleeve of the blouse is, large black lace shawl. Wellcome Collection: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/yuuj2gdr/images?id=fpxwnbzg. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HM_Queen_Victoria,_Empress_of_India._Photograph._Wellcome_V0028492.jpg
#'''Circa 1862''', photo of QV seated with Prince Leopold standing next to her, QV is wearing a heavy cloak with a hood, which is up and covering what she's wearing on her head, which has a white and what may be a ruffled edge. The cloak has a wide band of what might be brocade stitched to the bottom of the cloak; the fabric of the cloak and hood and the skirt beneath may have a nap; she is not wearing a cage. Leopold is wearing short pants and gloves and carries a walking stick; his face may show bruises (or the photo is damaged): (Royal Trust link: https://www.rct.uk/collection/2900563/queen-victoria-and-prince-leopold; Wikimedia Commons link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_Leopold_of_Albany.jpg).
#'''1862''', drawing from a newspaper showing QV and Beatrice of how she was perceived, not how she was: highly idealized image of mother and child, clothing not presented realistically, QV's dress is plain and her identity is that of the loving mother. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_Princess_Beatrice_as_baby.jpg
#'''1863''', photograph of QV seated, skirt is full, though she's not wearing hoops; white on head, collar and at wrists. She may not be wearing a corset (per Worsley), but the top is boned. 
##QV is facing our left, 3/4. The top part of her skirt and her sleeves are made of a fabric perhaps with a satin weave, though the bottom half of her skirt is still matte. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_-_Queen_Victoria_in_1863.png.
##Same session, another pose, body still 3/4, but now she is facing the camera. The edges of the matte sections of her skirt and jacket are trimmed with rows of tiny ball fringe, oddly unobtrusive, especially from a distance. She is wearing a white blouse with puffed sleeves under the jacket. George Eastman Collection: https://www.flickr.com/photos/george_eastman_house/3333247605/. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_(3333247605).jpg.
#'''1863''', QV on horse with John Brown holding the bridle
##'''1863''', unattributed photograph of QV at Osborne seated on a horse, with Princess Louise and John Brown nearby. QV is seated side-saddle, has a cap with a hood over it; cap has white ruffled edge; white ruffles at her wrists. Louise is handing QV her whip? and wearing a cage; her skirt is short, ankle-length, several inches above the ground; she wears a thigh-length full jacket. Brown's back is to us, he wears a kilt. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_Princess_Louise_and_John_Brown.jpg
##'''1863''', carte-de-visite photograph by George Washington Wilson, QV on Fyvie side-saddle; wearing a cap with a hood over it, cap has white ruffled edge; dark gloves; wide sleeves on the jacket. The black riding habit has a simple surface with little decoration.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_photographed_by_George_Washington_Wilson_(1863).jpg; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_on_%27Fyvie%27_with_John_Brown_at_Balmoral.jpg
#'''1864''', QV seated, holding the future Kaiser Wilhelm (Vicky's eldest), her 1st grandchild
##Willie looking at us, QV right arm around his shoulder, an early version of what became her uniform dress, this one is a winter outfit, and she's bundled up, wearing a white ruffled cap, black bonnet and veil, which may be tied under her chin; gloves; a thigh-length loose jacket with wide sleeves, a deep band of a different fabric for the bottom of her skirt; she may be wearing a brocade vest under the jacket that is not snug against her torso; it looks like she's wearing a corset (the edge near the top button of her vest). https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_holding_her_eldest_grandchild_Willy.png
##Willie facing QV, very clear view of her bonnet with scarfy veil; jacket is thigh-length, sleeves widening toward the cuff, may be a blouse underneath, also with full, loose sleeves, edged in white; top part of the full skirt is shiny, deep band of fabric at the bottom is wooly looking, narrow trim between the two parts of the skirt, could be petticoats under the skirt.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_with_her_eldest_grandchild_Willy.png
#'''1865–1867''': Edwin Landseer painting of QV on horseback at Osborne, reading letters and dispatches, with John Brown, dressed formally in a kilt, holding the horse's head. (Aquatint print made in c. 1870 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Queen_Victoria_and_John_Brown_at_Osborne_House_(4674627).jpg&lt;nowiki/&gt;.) See &quot;1867 Spring&quot; in the [[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria#Timeline|Timeline]] for a discussion of the painting itself. Princesses Louise and Helena are seated on a park bench in the background. QV is wearing a bonnet tied under her chin with a large bow and a short hood-like veil. This does not look like a fitted riding habit, although the skirt is a riding skirt. The jacket is shorter than her usual thigh-length and has full sleeves that widen toward the wrist. The fitted cuffs of the sleeves of her white blouse extend beyond the jacket sleeve. She has white at her cuffs and on the cap under her bonnet. Except for a ring on her left hand, no jewelry shows. Royal Collection Trust: https://www.rct.uk/collection/403580/queen-victoria-at-osborne. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sir_Edwin_Landseer_(1803-73)_-_Queen_Victoria_at_Osborne_-_RCIN_403580_-_Royal_Collection.jpg
#'''1867''': QV seated with Empress Victoria, both in mourning, but not full mourning, wearing a cage, some frou-frou, probably a cap on her head, because there's no brim, with a short dark veil over it. QV is wearing a [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Paletot|paletot]] with an overskirt with the same fabric and matching trim; the sleeves are not fitted but also not as wide at the wrists as some of her paletots. The bottom of the underskirt has a pleated ruffle. QV has quite a bit of light-colored fabric at her neck that falls down the front of her bodice, although she is not wearing the white shawl. The photograph was overexposed, so we have clarity in the black but the detail for the white parts is obliterated. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_Empress_Victoria_Augusta.jpg
#'''1867''', photograph of QV seated, with her back towards us, and the Queen of Prussia (or the Empress Augusta of Germany?), both in mourning, with light-colored umbrella: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Queen_of_England_and_The_Queen_of_Prussia.jpg. Darker image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_Empress_Augusta.jpg
#'''1867''', stylized drawing/painting by Takahashi Yūkei, doctor of the Japanese Embassy to Europe in 1862, so may have been drawn from life; black dress may have faded to this purple, honors sash draping is not understandable but it is beautiful; military (?) style hat with aigrette: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_by_Japanese_doctor_Takahashi_Y%C5%ABkei_1862.png
#'''1867''', photograph of QV with border collie Sharp, outdoors, on rugs?. QV is wearing a bonnet with a veil-like scarf that ties under her chin with streamers down the front; the full, thigh-length jacket has long, full sleeves, and the jacket has no trim on it, apparently, at all. The skirt is held out smoothly by a cage, made in 2 fabrics, one satiny and the other wool or something not shiny, with 3-dimensional trim with faceted jet (?) in 3 rows. Shiny black leather gloves, with white ruffled cuffs. She looks heavier-set than she was, perhaps our sense that she was always big comes because she wasn't trying to look thin? https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_her_dog_%22Sharp%22.jpg
#'''1868''', photograph of QV and John Brown by W. &amp; D. Downey. QV is wearing a riding habit and a hat tied under the chin, perhaps with a small plume, the jacket has some decoration. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_mounted_and_John_Brown_by_W._and_D._Downey.png
#'''1869–1879''', QV was in her 60s: &quot;At state occasions in her sixties, Victoria appeared in a black dress, black velvet train, pearls and a small diamond crown.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; (480 of 786)
#'''c. 1870''', photograph by Andre-Adolphe-Eugene Disderi (probably not retouched) with QV seated, facing her left, 3/4 profile: that white cap pointed towards the forehead, covering the center part nearly completely, white flat-band collar, whites ruffles at cuffs, heavily trimmed black jacket with short peplum, including ball fringe and braid; the plain-from-a-distance, rich-up-close look: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_c.1870._(7936242480).jpg
#'''1871 September 10''', photograph of QV standing, almost full length, facing our right, with head turned our way, some books on the small table in front of her. The usual dark dress with white blouse with knife pleats and a cap covered with double ruffled lace and with veil down the back; heavy voluminous black shawl, looks like it's wool; it's probably a dress not a suit, with different textures, which are subtle Up close, the black ball-fringe (or bead fringe?) trim is 3-dimensional and different fabrics add another dimension. Skirt has wide band at the bottom, with ball fringe at the top. Wellcome Institute: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/x4hug3jt; Wiki Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria._Photograph._Wellcome_V0018085.jpg.
#'''1874–?''': photograph of QV and Princess Beatrice ice skating on a lake at Eastwell Park, home of Prince Alfred (who got the property in 1874). Can't tell, but QV might be in the sledge chair and Beatrice in the center standing on skates. That woman standing on skates in the center is wearing a cage, which holds her dress out and above the ground. 1874 is late for cages, but the British court was not fashion forward: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_skating_-_Eastwell_Park.jpg
#'''1875''': watercolor copy by Lady Julia Abercromby made in 1883 of an oil painting by Heinrich von Angeli showing QV before adopting the title Empress of India. This is a good example of a slightly formal version of her uniform. She is wearing the usual white cap and veil, clearly lace gathered into double ruffles; square-neck black bodice, sleeves are very wide at the wrists, black with complicated decorative angles layered over white, ruffly. The skirt has a horizontal division with satiny ribbon and wide ruffle (maybe pleated?) and then a border at the bottom that may be brocade; there is a train. Lots of jewelry, including double strand necklace of very large pearls, ribbon and badge of the Order of the Garter and the badge of the Order of Victoria and Albert, pearl brooch, bracelets and rings, holding a large white handkerchief. NPG: https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw06517. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_by_Julia_Abercromby.jpg.
#'''1876 May 1''': QV is declared Empress of India. Lytton Strachey says, &quot;On the day of the Delhi Proclamation, the new Earl of Beaconsfield went to Windsor to dine with the new Empress of India. That night the Faery, usually so homely in her attire, appeared in a glittering panoply of enormous uncut jewels, which had been presented to her by the reigning Princes of her Raj.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; (414 of 555)
#'''1877 May''': photograph of QV, Princess Beatrice and the Duchess of Edinburgh (probably Maria Alexandrovna Romanova, Affie's wife) by Charles Bergamasco. Impossible to tell how the dress is layered, but it has a lot of frou-frou, but not a lot of lace except for the shawl and the cuffs of her blouse. QV's dress might have 2 different fabrics, like the Duchess's dress; it may have a jacket or vest or both. Her bodice looks like it is boned (assuming she's not wearing a corset). The frou-frou on the skirt are controlled pleated ruffles with tassels, which are more controlled than fringe. Visually very complex outfit, but from a distance, all that complexity would disappear. It would look textured, depending on the distance, at most. All 3 women have high-contrast lapels; 2 fabrics, matte and shiny; big buttons down the front; the 2 younger women have a row of ruffled lace at the neck; all wearing dark fabric, perhaps black. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_The_Duchess_of_Edinburg_and_Prince_Beatrice.jpg
#'''1879''', painting by Tito Conti of QV and Vicky at &quot;Napoleon's boudoir&quot;; Vicky is in mourning, having lost an 11-year-old child in March 1879; the two women are dressed in v different styles: Vicky is stylish, interest at the back of her dress, long train, narrow skirt, haute couture; QV is in her uniform, a hat? perched high on her head, a light-colored fichu? at her neck, black shawl; shorter train and fuller skirt, the shawl hiding how fitted the dress is. The point is the contrast between the 2 styles. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_her_eldest_daughter_Vicky,_German_Crown_Princess.jpg.
#'''1879 February''', QV seated with Hesse family (Alice's family, two months after her death and that of Marie, the youngest), everyone in full mourning. QV is wearing her &quot;uniform&quot; but no white anywhere; black cap with streamers? with what might be feathers down the back; heavy wool fringed shawl; jacket is lined and warm, possibly padded, may be long (thigh-length?); she may be wearing a corset or boning in her bodice here bc of the way the bodice drapes (there's an edge?); full skirt with deep tucked bands at the bottom: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_Ludwig_IV_240-011.jpg. Darker image from what looks like the same sitting by William &amp; Daniel (W. &amp; D.) Downey, without the father: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Hessian_children_with_their_grandmother,_Queen_Victoria.jpg
#'''1881''': Cabinet photograph by Arthur J. Melhuish of QV and Princess Beatrice, neither is in full mourning. QV is smiling and wearing her white widow's cap, at least 2 necklaces and perhaps one brooch, a black lace shawl. Beatrice is holding an umbrella over their heads.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_and_Princess_Beatrice.jpg
#'''1881 September 3''': woodcut engraving from the ''Illustrated London News'' of QV visiting the new Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh. Clear impression of QV's &quot;uniform,&quot; black dress with thigh-length jacket, edged with fur or velvet; skirt is divided horizontally with zigzag trim about knee level and a ruffle at the hem of the skirt. Unusual pillbox-like hat tied under her chin, trimmed with something light colored. Wellcome Collection: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ev7tepmd/images?id=h8aq62mn. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_visiting_the_Royal_Infirmary_Edinburgh._Wellcome_L0000896.jpg
#'''1882 April 27''': 3 photographs of QV dressed for the wedding of the Duke and Duchess of Albany, probably from one session with Alexander Bassano. These photographs look like they have been retouched to smooth QV's skin and remove a double chin. The black satin-weave dress is complex, but cut as her &quot;uniform&quot; usually was. What makes this outfit different is how much white lace covers the skirt and train as well as how big a piece of lace the veil is and the unusual-for-QV berthe. Under the black jacket sleeve are two white (may or may not be a separate blouse, can't tell). QV is wearing her classic thigh-length jacket with 3/4-length sleeves, buttoned down the front, smoothly fitted to her shape but not tight fitting; she seems to be wearing a white lacy top under everything, a bodice that buttons and looks like it has a rows of fleur-de-lys diamonds operating somewhat like a stomacher comes down below her waist; over the bodice is a thigh-length jacket with thick fluffy fringe (chenille?) trimming the sleeves and bottom of the jacket and down the front on both sides. Those distinctive black jacket sleeves are cut very full at the bottom edge; they are short under her arm and have a long point below her elbow on the outside of her arm. The train is visible in 2 of the photographs and pulled around to QV's left, over some of the skirt. The skirt and train have a narrow box-pleated ruffle at the bottom. The full skirt and train are covered by a lace overskirt. QV is not wearing her wedding veil, but the veil looks like Honiton lace, as do the trim on the bodice, sleeves and skirt. The wide light-colored or white lace [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Berthe|berthe]] is slightly gathered and stitched to the neck of the bodice. A lacy white edge shows under the black jacket sleeve (may or may not be a separate blouse, can't tell), plus another white layer under that lacy sleeve edge. What looks like a chemise shows at the neckline; a row of diamonds separates the berthe from the chemise. She is holding a lacy handkerchief and a folding fan. She is wearing the Small Diamond Crown on top of the veil and a lot of diamond jewelry, including the Koh-I-Nor diamond as a brooch, the Coronation necklace and earrings, two wide diamond bracelets and rings as well as Family Honors and the ribbon of the Order of the Garter.
##'''1882''' Bassano photograph, official state portrait, reused in 1887 for Golden Jubilee as a postcard; close-up cropped bust. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano_(3x4_close_cropped).jpg. Wikipedia page #1 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria): https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1887_postcard_of_Queen_Victoria.jpg. Different pose, same sitting, worse resolution: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_bw.jpg.
##'''1882''' Bassano photograph, same sitting, different pose, best image for analysis because it shows her whole body. This is not the lion-head chair, but we can see a lot of this throne-like chair. Royal Collection Trust: https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/-/collection/2105818/portrait-photograph-of-queen-victoria-1819-1901-dressed-for-the-wedding-of-the; National Portrait Gallery cabinet card: https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw119710; Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_1887.jpg. 
##'''1882 April 27''', photograph of QV and page Arthur Ponsonby, same dress as 1882, she is standing next to Ponsonby, who is holding some article of dress that seems to have more diamond fleurs-de-lys, perhaps to match the bodice. Royal Trust Collection: https://www.rct.uk/collection/2105757/queen-victoria-and-her-page-arthur-ponsonby; Wikimedia Commons link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_her_page,_Arthur_Ponsonby.jpg.
#'''1882 May''', Bassanno photograph of QV, same session, the first photograph (from a [[Social Victorians/Victorian Things#Cabinet Card|cabinet card]]) is a great deal easier to read because, even though the white is overexposed, the patterns in the black fabrics and fabric treatments are unusually easy to see, although the layers are still impossible to distinguish.
##QV is sitting on a chair and Princess Beatrice is sitting perhaps on the arm of the chair to QV's left. QV is wearing that fuzzy white widow's cap with veil edged with gathered tulle. The 3 main areas of white — the cap, neckline and the fan and cuffs — are so overexposed that the detail is obliterated. QV is wearing a ribbon necklace with a pendant that might be a cameo, painted portrait or a locket, a brooch on the center front of the neckline, small earrings (likely diamonds) and at least one bracelet and ring. She is holding a partially unfolded fan, and the front of the bodice shows either something like a pocket-watch chain attached to the 3rd button from the bottom, perhaps, or a flaw in the surface of the photograph. She is wearing a very large lace shawl over her shoulders and lap. The bodice/jacket garment buttons down the center, has QV's usual wide sleeves and may be built using a princess line. This garment is similar at the neckline and bottom of the sleeves and the overdress or jacket — it is trimmed with 2 rows of tightly pleated ruffles edged with an elaborate, 3-dimensional design that includes braid with reflective bits, perhaps jet, and gathered ruffles. Princess Beatrice is wearing a restrained, less-decorated style, with a narrow, pleated skirt, made of a moiré silk whose pattern provides visual interest (without the frou-frou associated with haute couture) and tight, tailored, princess-line jacket trimmed with the moiré silk. The jacket includes the unpatterned draped fabric that is pulled toward the back for a bustle. National Portrait Gallery: [https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw123930/Queen-Victoria-Princess-Beatrice-of-Battenberg#:~:text=The%20series%20gets%20its%20name%20from%20a,home%20match%20to%20Australia%20at%20the%20Oval. https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw123930/Queen-Victoria-Princess-Beatrice-of-Battenberg#:~:text=The%20series%20gets%20its%20name%20from%20a,home%20match%20to%20Australia%20at%20the%20Oval.] Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_Beatrice_Bassano.jpg.
##QV is holding granddaughter Margaret, Crown Princess of Sweden, eldest daughter of Prince Arthur (QV's 3rd son) and great-granddaughter Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia, who was born 15 January 1882.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-12-26|title=Princess Margaret of Connaught|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Princess_Margaret_of_Connaught&amp;oldid=1329585710|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; QV does not appear to be wearing a corset, buttoned bodice is not tight, dark shawl, that fuzzy white cap with veil/streamers, maybe ruffled lace. Black ribbon around her neck, white at collar and cuffs, wide sleeves on the jacket. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bassano_Victoria_and_Margaret.jpg 
#'''1883''': W. &amp;. D. Downey photograph of QV seated with baby great-grandson William (Vicky's grandson, Kaiser Wilhelm's son) on her knees. The usual black dress, with 3-dimensional, almost geometric trim, ruffled but not lacy. A very dramatic shawl with cording in 3 parallel lines at the edges, looks like the same fabric as dress. QV's face is kind looking at the baby. Black hat with white cap beneath it, shaped like the white one she often wore. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_with_her_great-grandson_Prince_William.jpg
#'''1884 May 2''', QV, Vicky, her daughter Charlotte and her daughter Princess Feodore of Saxe-Meiningen, 4 generations. QV not wearing bustle, the usual black on black for trim, black jacket, black shawl, black cap with black hangy-downy thing down the back: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VICTORIA_Queen_of_England_by_Carl_Backofen_of_Darmstadt.jpg
#'''1885 or so''': portrait published in the 1901 biography of QV by John, Duke of Argyll, probably from a photograph. That odd cap we've seen before with a point down to her hairline in front, this version with trimmed lappets (?) down the front: it's impossible to tell the layers, how things are attached and what the trim on this cap is made of, feathers or ruffles. White collar on bodice, white cuffs, black lace shawl around her shoulders, jacket or coat over a blouse; the frou-frou is the same color as what it trims, making it visually recede, but up close ppl would have been able to see how sophisticated and finely made it was: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:V._R._I._-_Queen_Victoria,_her_life_and_empire_(1901)_(14766746965).jpg
#1885: screen print bust from book ''Daughters of Genius'' by James Parson, showing unusually realistic face and detailed trim on the black; the usual white cap and a collar, locket on ribbon around her neck, small earrings. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daughters_of_Genius_-_Queen_Victoria.png
#'''1885 May 16''', reproduction of a wood engraving showing QV visiting a soldier wounded in Sudan. Flattering drawing of QV, dress looks plain, unprepossessing, unostentatious Wellcome Collection: https://wellcomecollection.org/works/nhhej66v. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_visiting_a_wounded_soldier._Reproduction_of_a_Wellcome_V0015340.jpg
#'''1886''', Bassano photograph of QV, full-length, seated, holding the infant Alexander, Marquess of Carisbrooke, Beatrice's son. QV's uniform, ornate square-neck black dress, white blouse with ironed pleats shows at the neck; ruffles and 3-dimensional trim with jet beads on both sides of the front, with trim at the bottom as well, black ironed pleats; black lace shawl, white frothy cap that we've seen many times, with white veil. Royal Trust Collection link: https://www.rct.uk/collection/2507501/queen-victoria-with-alexander-marquess-of-carisbrooke-as-a-baby; Wikimedia Commons link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_with_Alexander,_Marquess_of_Carisbrooke.jpg. Elements of the Victorian frou-frou without looking over-trimmed or crowded.
#'''1888''', trading card from American tobacco company advertising cigarettes, QV in colorized image, white headdress with small crown; wearing Order of the Garter (?) sash and family honors, Link to MET collection: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/711888; Wikimedia Commons link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_of_England,_from_the_Rulers,_Flags,_and_Coats_of_Arms_series_(N126-1)_issued_by_W._Duke,_Sons_%26_Co._MET_DPB873774.jpg
#'''1889''', photographs by Byrne &amp; Co. from apparently the same session of QV and Vicky, both in mourning dress because Frederick III had died June 1888, but not full mourning. QV seated in the lion's-head chair and Vicky on her right. QV is wearing a black and frothy widow's cap that is made of '''something''' transparent, tightly gathered, that comes to a point over her forehead and that she wears on the back of her head. She has a black lace shawl over her shoulder, ornate under-bodice (with lots of jet?) with lacy sleeves and a lacy ruffle at the bottom, the under bodice longer than the outer bodice (or jacket) and outside the skirt, not tucked in; the outer bodice (or jacket) is tailored but not tightly fitted to the body or restrictive, skirt is not fussy; very fashionable suit, but the silhouette is not high fashion. Vicky's widow's cap has an obvious point halfway down her forehead, seems to be made of velvet with something piled on top. She also is wearing a transparent black veil, which may have 2 layers. 
##Vicky standing, hand on back of lion’s head chair, QV turned a little to her right, looking up at Vicky: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Empress_Frederick_with_her_mother_Queen_Victoria.jpg
##Vicky with hand on chair, slightly different angle, QV’s face more visible, facing our left. Royal Collection: https://www.rct.uk/collection/2904703/victoria-empress-frederick-of-germany-and-queen-victoria-1889-in-portraits-of. Wikimedia Commmons copy: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria,_Empress_Frederick_of_Germany,_and_Queen_Victoria,_1889.jpg
##QV w photo of Frederick III, looking to her right, Vicky seated (or kneeling?) and looking at the photo: https://www.rct.uk/collection/2105953/queen-victoria-with-victoria-princess-royal-when-empress-frederick-1889
##Vicky seated (?) looking at photo, QV into the distance to our right (Photo filename says 1888, but the photo is lower res and less clear): https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_Princess_Royal_1888.jpg
#'''1889 November''', photograph of QV and Beatrice and her family; QV is seated, wearing her uniform and that ubiquitous white fluffy cap; you can see the edge of the boning (in the bodice?), white lacy collar, white ruffle at the wrist, layers, lacy shawl, lace trim at the bottom of the skirt, bunched places on the skirt with black lace trim. Beatrice's sleeves are fitted with puffy shoulders, but QV's are not. Royal Trust link: https://www.rct.uk/collection/2904837/queen-victoria-with-prince-and-princess-henry-of-battenberg-and-their-children; Wikimedia Commons link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_with_Prince_and_Princess_Henry_of_Battenberg_and_their_children,_1889.jpg.
#'''1890''': Britannica #1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoria. Photograph mid-thigh up, very lacy: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Victoria-queen-of-United-Kingdom. Different small crown.
#'''1890''': b/w photo, from the knees up, may be seated. Her hair is dark, so 1890 looks too late a date for this. White frill on her cap, has attached veil down the back, double ruffle at the neck, a few button, plain to another bit of trim around the skirt at knee level; jewelry looks personal, not ostentatious; white cuffs, lacy black shawl, square neck on dress, wrinkles in the bodice suggest she's not wearing a corset and the bodice is not heavily boned: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Queen_Victoria_in_1890.jpg
#'''c1890 (see 1882 Bassano portraits)''': Color portrait in official dress, with small crown with arch, a lot of white lace over and under sheer black, coronation parure, 1890s portrait in 1870s style: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_Portrait_of_Queen_Victoria_(1819-1901).JPG
#'''1892''': not-very-clear photograph of QV sitting, her arm on the lion's-head chair, black cap and veil; lots of jewelry, faceted jet or diamonds or something metal at her neck and wrists. She is wearing a black lace shawl over her shoulders and arms. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom,_c._1890.jpg
#'''1893''': watercolor portrait of QV by Josefine Swoboda, who had been made court painter in 1890.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-12-03|title=Josefine Swoboda|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Josefine_Swoboda&amp;oldid=1260867558|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Not unrealistic or unduly flattering, QV not in full mourning, wearing a white widow's cap and white jewelry. All we can see of what she is wearing is the shawl and a little bit of neck treatment. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Josefine_Swoboda_-_Queen_Victoria_1893.jpg
#'''1893''': VQ with &quot;Indian servant,&quot; seated working behind table, blanket or rug over her knees and feet, wearing a cloak and hat: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_an_Indian_servant.jpg
#'''1893, issued for the 1897 Diamond Jubilee''': Photograph by W. &amp; D. Downey taken for the wedding of George V and Mary. QV seated, facing our left, 3/4 front. Very large and ornate veil coming over her shoulder, possibly a lace overskirt? X claims that the white lace veil is QV's Honiton lace wedding veil and what looks like an apron or overskirt may be the 4x3/4 yards Honiton &quot;flounce&quot; on her wedding dress (ftnyc). A lot of light color on this for her, coronation parure? large light folding fan open on lap, small crown. Royal Trust Collection: https://www.rct.uk/collection/2912658/queen-victoria-1819-1901-diamond-jubilee-portrait. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_60._crownjubilee.jpg. Another copy: https://apollo-magazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/gm_342139EX2.jpg
#'''1893 August 12''': formal photograph of QV w George, Duke of York and Mary, Dss of York, who are very 1893 stylish; QV seated, profile, facing our left, holding a rose, black dress, bodice not heavily boned, no corset; white ruffle at cuffs and at the neck; black lacy shawl; white very fluffy brimless cap, may be her own style; from a distance very plain dress, but up close very rich, with tiny unostentatious details; moved on from all the frou-frou, but not in the haute couture way: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_with_the_Duchess_and_Duke_of_York.jpg
#'''1894''': QV with Beatrice, George and Mary at Balmoral, in a carriage, the women wearing stylish hats (Royal Collection Trust link: https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/2/collection/2300501/queen-victoria-princess-beatricenbspthe-duke-and-duchess-of-york-at-balmora) (Wikimedia Commons link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_Princess_Beatrice,_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_York.jpg)
#'''1894 April 21''': QV in 30-person photograph &quot;following the wedding of Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Grand Duke Ernest of Hesse,&quot; QV seated, in shawl, all bundled up, &lt;ins&gt;from a distance, dress looks very plain, the richness is visible only up close;&lt;/ins&gt; white mohawk on head??: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_surrounded_by_her_family_-_Coburg,_1894_(1_of_2).jpg; https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_surrounded_by_her_family_-_Coburg,_1894_(2_of_2).jpg
#'''1894 June 23, before,''' looks like a winter photograph, they're bundled up
##'''1894 June 23''', published in the ''Illustrated London News'', photograph of QV and Bertie, dressed warmly. Lots of beautiful, complex layers, as always; maybe skirt, vest, jacket, shawl, boa, hat and gloves, cane in her right hand and a handkerchief in her left?; the hat may be one of the &quot;timeless&quot; elements, shaped like one she wore a lot over the years but not locatable to a particular year or style. QV seated, Bertie standing behind her, both bundled up, she is wearing gloves, a shawl, a jacket and perhaps a vest; cap with white feathers and white poufs or flowers (?), cap is mostly black, comes down to cover her ears, tied in a lacy bow under her chin, black feather boa, wrapped closely around her neck like a scarf and falling down the front to the ground; cane in her right hand; brocade shawl, looks woolen: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_funeral_procession_of_Queen_Victoria_(5254840).jpg. Perhaps used again in later publications? Page says, &quot;By our Special Photographer, Mr. Russell of Baker Street London.&quot; Photo taken outdoors, on steps with rugs and a bearskin. Sword under Bertie's coat.
##Same session, slightly different pose; looks like a carte-de-visite, with &quot;Gunn &amp; Stuart, Richmond, Surrey,&quot; printed in logo form at the bottom. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_And_Prince_of_Wales_Edward.jpg
#'''1895''': photograph of QV published in Millicent Fawcett's ''Life of Her Majesty Queen Victoria'' in 1895, so the portrait predates it, though not by much. The white is overexposed, but the black is legible. QV is wearing her white widow's cap with a white veil made of tulle that is not transparent or even very translucent. The black shawl is very lacy and 3-dimensional, possibly made by crochet or knitting or bobbin lacemaking. The jacket with wide, kimono sleeves has a wide decorative cuff with a lacy edge and a 3-dimensional pattern. Between the cuff and the sleeve is a row of what may be faceted jet in some kind of ivy-like design. She is wearing a single strand of pearls and small round earrings that may be a gold ball with a small sparkly. This photo does not look retouched: the skin on her face and hands is wrinkled, and her hair is light; normal for a woman around 70. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Life_of_Her_Majesty_Queen_Victoria_-_Frontispiece.jpg.
#'''1895 May 21''': photograph by Mary Steen of QV and Princess Beatrice; QV appears to be making lace (either knitted or crocheted), Beatrice reading the newspaper, possibly to her; the Queen's Sitting Room at Windsor Castle. QV is wearing the white cap with the fluffy streamers, lacy white collar, white cuffs, black lace shawl, possibly a pattern at the bottom of her skirt. NPG: https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw233741/Princess-Beatrice-of-Battenberg-Queen-Victoria?_gl=1*ii2xmh*_up*MQ..*_ga*NjAzODY0NTUyLjE3Njc2MjcxMDk.*_ga_3D53N72CHJ*czE3Njc2MjcxMDgkbzEkZzEkdDE3Njc2MjcxMTMkajU1JGwwJGgw. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Princess_Beatrice_of_Battenberg_and_Queen_Victoria.jpg.
#'''September 1895''': unusually clear photograph of QV with some family in Balmoral, QV is seated in a very well-made suit with rich trim and a loose, open jacket (rather than the fitted jackets worn by the younger women with big sleeves up by the shoulders), perhaps pelisse-adjacent, full at the bottoms of the sleeves, with a shawl-like collar, long lacy sleeves under the jacket's sleeves, coming down over her hand (perhaps held there by a loop?), stylish hat; her style is individualized with very stylish elements, so we know she's conscious of 1890s haute couture; but it also has a more timeless quality, the modified or updated pelisse, for example, not a memorializing of her early days, though that did sometimes happen, but an echo of styles she liked from the past? So her style is a fusing of up-to-date stylish and other elements that were more comfortable and practical but always well made of very high-quality materials. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_with_family_members.jpg
#'''1896 July''': QV photograph by Gunn &amp; Stuart and published as a cabinet card by Lea, Mohrstadt &amp; Co., Ltd., and used as an official image of her as sovereign for the 1897 Diamond Jubilee. Retouched at some point, her face is very smooth, no double chin, etc. Bracelet on right arm, with portrait of Albert (?) and a 4-diamond wide rivière band. Multiple bracelets on left arm, one may be a charm bracelet. Rings. Pointed small crown or tiara that is not the Small Diamond Crown, a veil (that is not her wedding veil but is likely Honiton lace) is pulled to the front over her left shoulder and appears to be coming out of the crown or tiara, many diamonds, some in brooches, coronation necklace and earrings, lots of diamonds. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom_(by_Gunn_%26_Stuart,_1897).jpg
#'''1897''': QV with Princess Victoria Eugénie of Battenburg, who is kneeling next to QV, who is seated, facing (her) right, unrelieved black except for white linen (?) veil; the solid and plain dress has some lace, but the veil is not; black lacy shawl, rings; something very frou-frou at the back of her skirt: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_with_Princess_Victoria_Eug%C3%A9nie_of_Battenberg,_1897.jpg. Empress Eugénie was Princess Victoria Eugénie of Battenburg's godmother.
#'''1897''': painting onto ivory of QV in that white cap by M. H. Carlisle, profile, facing right, still can't tell what the fringy, feathery, lacy edge is: https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/45/collection/421112/queen-victoria-1819-1901
#'''1897''': QV Elliott and Fry photograph: that cap, the meandering ruffles on the veil and lappets (?): https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_(Elliott_%26_Fry).png
#'''1897''': realistic engraving or print of QV in a state occasion, receiving the address from the House of Lords, realistic enough that we can recognize faces. QV is seated, wearing a white cap with a veil, large lacy white collar, big cuffs, and a large panel of trim at the bottom of her skirt that looks similar to the pattern on her collar; ribbon of the Order of the Garter; no recognizable crown even though this is a state occasion. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_pictured_at_Buckingham_Palace_as_the_Lord_Chancellor_presents_the_adress_of_the_House_of_Lords.jpg
#'''1897 January 1''', unflattering political cartoon of QV in the context of India? (the language is Marathi according to Google Translate). Her face has an unpleasant expression, perhaps disapproval or skepticism? She is wearing a small state crown and the coronation jewels. [[commons:File:Queen_Victoria,_1897.jpg|https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_1897.jpghttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_1897.jpg]]
#1897 June 17, painting published in Vanity Fair of QV riding in a small open carriage with a canopy. QV is wearing a black dress with a ruffle and also black lace at the bottom edge (of the back of the skirt?) and a light-colored cape with black trim. The bow at her neck could be from the cape or her hat, which has a small brim, a large black decoration in front, small floral things along the side, and perhaps a veil around the brim to the back. This image was reproduced after QV's death as a monochrome print. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_Vanity_Fair_17_June_1897.jpg.
#'''1897 July 27''', photograph from a distance of QV in a carriage on the Isle of Wight. This is what she looked like from a distance on a not state occasion, you can't see any embellishments at all. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_with_Princess_Beatrice,_Princess_Helena_Victoria_of_Schleswig-Holstein,_Cowes,_Isle_of_Wight.jpg
#'''1897 October 16''', photograph with Abdul Karim, in the Garden Cottage at Balmoral; white or light-colored mantle or cloak; stylish 1890s hat with feathers, etc.: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_Abdul_Karim.jpg
#'''1898''': photograph by Robert Milne of QV and 3 great-grandchildren (the 3 eldest children of George and Mary), at Balmoral. QV is the Widow of Windsor with plain skirt and possibly a jacket with a pattern on the bodice and at the large cuffs. The usual white cap and veil. ('''find RCT copy''')https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_with_Prince_Edward,_Prince_Albert_and_Princess_Mary_of_York,_Balmoral.jpg
#'''1898 January 16''': French political cartoon by Henri Meyer unflatteringly showing QV, Kaiser Wilhelm II, Czar Nicolas II, Chinese statesman Li Hongzhang, France and a Japanese samurai carving up China. Neither France nor Li Hongzhang have knives, but the rest of the figures do. QV is dressed for a state occasion, heavily jeweled and in her signature lacy veil and small crown. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:China_imperialism_cartoon.jpg
#'''1899''': Heinrich von Angeli portrait, copied in 1900 by (Angeli's student) Bertha Müller. QV portrait, with a lot of black, which makes it difficult to discern the layers and structure of what she is wearing. The top layer may have a stiffened, pleated chiffon layer that covers the arm of the chair and that she holds a bit of in her right hand. QV is wearing the ribbon and the Order of the Garter, the white widow's cap and generally pearl jewelry. The white at her neck and wrists frames her face and hands, which are slightly idealized and less wrinkly than one might expect. National Portrait Gallery: https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw06522. Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_after_Heinrich_von_Angeli.jpg
#'''c. 1899-1900''': photograph of QV with 3 children — Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg (1887–1969), Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (1895–1903) and Prince Maurice of Battenberg (1891–1914). The 2 older women are Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (1870–1948) and Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1876–1936), possibly with Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, in the light-colored hat, on the right. QV is in an ornate version of her uniform: jacket, possibly a vest and a skirt, with lace and ruffles, and a hat (possibly a straw hat with something dark as trim on the edge of the brim) topped with a pile of light-colored flowers and probably an aigret or short feather. Royal Collection Trust: . Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VictoriaBattenbergsHessians.jpg.
#'''c. 1900''': QV photograph (reprinted from book), not or less retouched than the 1897 Jubilee photos, with feathered (or at least fluffier than the usual slightly fluffy widow's cap) headdress, sheer veil, can't really see anything else: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_old.jpg
#'''c. 1900''': print published in book of image by François Flameng showing QV in coronation robes, with ermine, and necklace, pointing to someplace NW of India on the globe, with Bertie and George behind her, portrait of her and Albert on the table with the scepter and the Imperial State crown, Koh-I-Noor diamond, ribbon of the Order of the Garter, lots of jewelry on her arms and fingers. She is standing and her legs are longer than they were in life, ruffled lace, perhaps, at neck and cuffs with a white lace flounce on the skirt, which is divided horizontally, the lace part making up the middle third. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_by_Fran%C3%A7ois_Flameng.jpg
#'''1900 February 9''', a very unflattering but accurate political cartoon of QV and Paul Kruger playing chess, he appears to be winning, with a map of Africa in the back, published in an Argentinian periodical. QV's clothing is captured pretty realistically, including the small crown and distinctive Coronation (?) necklace and earrings, the cap and veil, ribbon of the Order of the Garter, white lace overskirt, short-sleeved jacket over a white blouse with lacy cuffs. We can see very clearly how she looked to people. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_Paul_Kruger_by_Dem%C3%B3crito_(Eduardo_Sojo).jpg
#'''1901''', dated 1901, but QV went to Ireland in 1900, possibly commemorating her death in 1901? Could this be a card from a cigarette pack? She's inside a shamrock that is outlined in a light color; the white on her cloak may be beads and sequins? Could this be a photograph from the 1897 Diamond Jubilee, the cloak with the silver &quot;swirling&quot; sequins? She is seated on a chair, and the photograph of her seated is like pasted onto the shamrock. Her headdress is a hat (not a bonnet or a cap, so this is not the headdress from the Diamond Jubilee procession), with shamrocks on the hat and black plumes, and some other decoration that is too hard to distinguish. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_(HS85-10-12024%C2%BD).jpg

== QV's &quot;Uniform&quot; ==
After the 1st year of mourning QV writes Vicky that she will never wear color again (not counting honors and the sashes of the orders, etc.; also, Rosie Harte says she wore the Sapphire Tiara that Albert had had made for her as a wedding present, which would have matched her eyes). Her &quot;brand&quot; (Worsley) and what we call her &quot;uniform&quot; begins to develop and solidify, the Widow-of-Windsor look friendly to the middle classes, especially the upper middle class.

Early in her mourning, her clothing was not very ornate, with little frou-frou to interrupt the unrelieved blackness. As time passed, however, the blackness was relieved by white touches on her head and at her neck and wrists, but the biggest change was in the amount and kind of frou-frou, particularly black-on-black frou-frou, including how lacy it was. The quantity and type of frou-frou increased in scale over time, like the touches of white.

By the 1870s, her look is well established: plain from a distance; up close, very fine materials and beautiful needlework with non-contrasting frou-frou. According to Lucy Worsley, she did not wear a corset but depended on light boning in her bodices. Worsley says,&lt;blockquote&gt;Despite their sombre aspect, even her mourning gowns were finely made. She had settled into a series of very minor variations upon a square-necked bodice and skirt, customised with quirky little pockets for keys and seals, all cut pretty much the same to save her the trouble of fittings. On her head went a white cap, with streamers of lace, and round her neck a locket containing miniatures of two of her children: Alice, now lost to diphtheria [14 December 1878], and Leopold, to haemophilia [28 March 1884].&lt;sup&gt;16&lt;/sup&gt;&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|511 of 786; n. 16, p. 723: &quot;Princess Marie Louise (1956) p. 141&quot;}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

This design is her usual: a black dress or suit (it might be a dress with a bodice or a skirt and vest with a blouse under the jacket). Except in cases of full mourning, she typically wore a little white at the neckline and wrists, with sophisticated black trim not really visible from a distance. The wide skirt was often divided horizontally, with a deep band of a different fabric at the bottom. The divided skirt is a characteristic feature of QV's look, not the only way she did skirts but a design she often wore from before her accession to the end of her life.

She often wore a loose-fitting thigh-length jacket with wide sleeves, which sometimes divided the skirt visually. The jackets and bodices are not constricting or tight against her torso. The fitted suit was popular at the end of the century — [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Redfern|Redfern's]] (in Cowes on the Isle of Wight) and Worth's versions were all around her, and she had always liked a riding habit. The thigh-length jackets were loose-fitting but not shapeless even as early as the 1860s. She seems always to have had something on her head: caps, bonnets, hats, veils. She often wears a shawl.

We can see the ruling sovereign version of her style in the photographs of her for the 1887 Golden and the 1897 Diamond Jubilees. By the 1880s, Bertie's place in the aristocracy was also well established, and he and Alex had a very different sense of style, wearing haute couture and a stylishness typical of the House of Worth. 

By the end of her life, when she couldn't move very much on her own, her body had gotten pretty large, but our sense that she was generally fat is not borne out by her clothes (Worsley talks about the small waists and the weight she lost during crises in her life) or by the photographs of her ''en famille'' in which we can see that she is probably not wearing stays and is not wearing tight-fitting, constricting clothes.

=== Shawls ===

Caroline Goldthorpe says,&lt;blockquote&gt;The importance of visible royal patronage was not lost on commercial enterprise, and in 1863 the Norwich shawl manufacturers Clabburn Sons &amp; Crisp sent to Princess Alexandra of Denmark, as a gift on the occasion of her marriage to the Prince of Wales, a magnificent silk shawl woven in the Danish royal colors (figure 3). The Queen herself already patronized Norwich shawls, for in 1849 the ''Journal of Design'' had claimed: &quot;The shawls of Norwich now equal the richest production of the looms of France. The successs which attended the exhibition of Norwich shawls ... [sic] may fairly be considered the result of Her Majesty's direct regard.&quot; Another splendid silk shawl by Clabburn Sons &amp; Crisp was displayed at the International Exhibition of 1862 (figure 4), but it was not eligible for a prize because William Clabburn himself was on the panel of judges.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; (17)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Elizabeth Jane Timmons says that QV's black was relieved only&lt;blockquote&gt;by white cuffs, scarfs, trimmings, or the ubiquitous patterned shawls which the Queen wore and which were the subject of comment by at least two of her granddaughters, Princess Louis of Battenberg and Princess Alix of Hesse, who helped her change them when they accompanied her driving out.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;Timms, Elizabeth Jane. &quot;Queen Victoria's Widow's Cap.&quot; ''Royal Central'' 31 October 2018. https://royalcentral.co.uk/features/queen-victorias-widows-cap-111104/ (retrieved February 2026).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Headdresses ==

=== Bonnets, Caps, Hats ===
We discuss the headdresses QV wears in each portrait in the detailed description in the &quot;[[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria#Her Dresses|Her Dresses]]&quot; section of the Timeline.

In some photographs, QV has a mourning hood over her bonnet and tied under her chin, worn sort of as if it were a veil on her bonnet. It looks like it would be warm in cold weather.

[[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria#Wedding Veil|QV's wedding veil]] is handled separately, as are the [[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria#Crowns|crowns]].

==== Bonnet ====
'''1887''', QV wore a bonnet in her public carriage ride to Westminster Abbey for her Golden Jubilee. Inside the Abbey, &quot;she sat on top of the scarlet and ermine robes draped over her coronation chair in Westminster Abbey — but, pointedly, 'in no way wore them around her person.'&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; (760)&lt;blockquote&gt;The queen did make one concession: for the first time in twenty-five years she trimmed her bonnet with white lace and rimmed it with diamonds. Within days, fashionable women of London were wearing similar diamond-bedecked bonnets. One reporter noted this trend disapprovingly at a royal garden party at Buckingham Palace in July, the month after the Jubilee: &quot;Her Majesty and the Princesses at the Abbey wore their bonnets so trimmed in lieu of wearing coronets. It is quite a different matter for ladies to make bejeweled bonnets their wear at garden-parties.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; (761)&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''1893 July 5''', (was there another garden party at Marlborough House between the 5th and the 15th?), from the ''Pall Mall Gazette'' by &quot;The Wares of Autolycus,&quot; possibly Alice Meynell says that QV preferred bonnets for full-dress occasions:&lt;blockquote&gt;It was noticeable at the Marlborough House garden party the other day, that many of the younger married women, and, indeed, some of the unmarried girls, wore bonnets instead of hats. This was in deference to the Queen's taste. Her Majesty is not fond of hats, except for girls in the schoolroom, and considers that bonnets are more suitable for full dress occasions.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Wares of Autolycus, The.&quot; ''Pall Mall Gazette'' 15 July 1893, Saturday: p. 5 [of 12], Col. 1a. ''British Newspaper Archive''. http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18930715/016/0005 (accessed April 2015).&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
'''1897 June 22, Monday''', the bonnet QV wore for the Diamond Jubilee Procession was decorated with diamonds, from the ''Lady's Pictorial'':&lt;blockquote&gt;I HEAR on reliable authority that, although the fact has hitherto escaped the notice of all the describers of the Diamond Jubilee Procession, the bonnet worn by the Queen on that occasion was liberally adorned with diamonds. It is a tiny bit of flotsam, but worth rescuing, as every detail of the historic pageant will one day be of even greater interest than it is now.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;Miranda. &quot;Boudoir Gossip.&quot; ''Lady's Pictorial'' 10 July 1897, Saturday: 24 [of 92], Col. 3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/BL/0005980/18970710/281/0024. Print title same, p. 40.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
[[File:Queen Victoria white mourning head-dress.JPG|alt=A museum photograph of a sheer, frilly cap with streamers|thumb|Queen Victoria's White Widow's Cap]]

==== Widow's Cap ====
The distinctive white or sometimes black cap QV wore with &quot;crinkled crape&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;Strasdin, Kate. ''The Dress Diary: Secrets from a Victorian Woman's Wardrobe''. Pegasus, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|734 of 1124}} is a [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Widow's Cap|widow's cap]], sometimes called a mourning bonnet or mourning headdress. The now-damaged, once-white widow's cap (right) is said to have belonged to Queen Victoria. It is a cap with two streamers, like lappets, that have been decorated with meandering clumps of ruffled tulle matching the cap itself. The streamers would have been a consistent width, suggesting that the tulle background is torn.

Describing some point in time after Albert's death, Elizabeth Jane Timms says,&lt;blockquote&gt;The Queen began to be photographed in her white peaked caps, spinning; an occupation that the Queen took up, which perhaps underlined her solitary state and one which, like her painting box, enabled creativity within that solitude. Sir Joseph Boehm sketched the Queen in 1869 spinning, by which time a spinning wheel had been placed in her sitting room .... Again, Boehm shows her wearing her mourning weeds and her white cap, tantamount now to a type of widow’s uniform. She also wore the caps engaged in another solitary occupation, knitting or crochet work.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

What Princess Beatrice called ''Ma's sad caps'',&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt; Queen Victoria's white widow's caps&lt;blockquote&gt;were made of tulle, although where they were manufactured is not clear. By the late 1880s, she wore them pinned higher up than the rather sunken fashion of the 1860s, when they were worn close to the head, creating a flat impression. In later years, these ornate creations had evolved into deep, stately frills of tulle or silk with streamers and may have been supported by wires ....

Only one of the Queen’s white widow’s caps was apparently known to have survived and was preserved at the Museum of London. A fragile survivor, it is loaded with Queen Victoria’s personal symbolism and dates from around 1899. It is extremely rare and may have been discarded when it ceased to be in wearable condition.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
[[File:Four Generations (by William Quiller Orchardson) – Government Art Collection, Lancaster House.jpg|alt=Dark painting showing an old woman and 2 men dressed in black and a small boy dressed in white and holding a big bouquet of roses|left|thumb|Four Generations: Queen Victoria and Her Descendants]]
Although Timms says that only one of Queen Victoria's widow's caps has survived, at least two and possibly three can be found. One widow's cap, said to have belonged to Queen Victoria, is &quot;displayed in a glass case at Kensington Palace, listed as Historic Royal Palaces 3502037, ‘''Widow’s Cap, 1864-1899, Tulle''.'&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;

Sir William Quiller Orchardson was given what seems to be a different white widow's cap to use for his 1899 ''Four Generations: Queen Victoria and Her Descendants'' (left). His widow donated this cap, also said to have belonged to Queen Victoria, to the Museum of London in 1917.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt; Timms says that the cap in the Museum of London is dated about 1899, &quot;contains far more tulle frills&quot; and &quot;is considerably more fragile ... because it has been washed.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;

What may be a separate, third cap (above right), which is called a &quot;white mourning head-dress [Trauer Kopfbedeckung]&quot; belonging to Queen Victoria, is dated &quot;from 1883 [von 1883].&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=English:  white mourning headdress of Queen Victoria from 1883Deutsch:  Trauer Kopfbedeckung Königin Victoria von 1883|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_white_mourning_head-dress.JPG|date=2015-03-22|accessdate=2026-02-20|last=Jula2812}}&lt;/ref&gt; (The only information that might be considered provenance in the description of this third cap is that the person who uploaded the image into Wikimedia Commons titled it in German.)[[File:Queen Victoria (1887).jpg|thumb|Queen Victoria wearing the Small Diamond Crown, the Coronation Necklace and Earrings and the Koh-i-Noor brooch, 1897]]

=== Crowns ===
The Royal Collection Trust has a page on [https://www.rct.uk/collection/stories/the-crown-jewels-coronation-regalia The Crown Jewels: Coronation Regalia]. Two crowns are worn for the coronation ceremony, not counting the Consort Crown&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-05-17|title=Consort crown|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consort_crown&amp;oldid=1290790447|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;: the [[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria#St. Edward's Crown|St. Edward's Crown]] and the [[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria#Imperial State Crown|Imperial State Crown]].

The parts of a crown: the band, fleur-de-lys, cross pattée, the cap, arch, monde (the globe on top of the arches), the cross (on top of the monde)

==== Small Crowns ====
The Small Diamond Crown, photograph by Bassano (right): https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1887_postcard_of_Queen_Victoria.jpg, was made in March 1870 by Garrard and Co. to fit over QV's widow's cap and to serve as an official crown.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-03-12|title=Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_Diamond_Crown_of_Queen_Victoria&amp;oldid=1280094126|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Royal Collection Trust has 3 views of this crown (https://www.rct.uk/collection/31705/queen-victorias-small-diamond-crown). Its discussion of the Small Diamond Crown is here:&lt;blockquote&gt;The priorities in creating the design were lightness and comfort and the crown may have been based on Queen Charlotte's nuptial crown which had been returned to Hanover earlier in the reign. Queen Victoria wore this crown for the first time at the opening of Parliament on 9 February 1871, and frequently used it after that date for State occasions, and for receiving guests at formal Drawing-rooms. It was also her choice for many of the portraits of her later reign, sometimes worn without the arches. By the time of her death, the small crown had become so closely associated with the image of the Queen, that it was placed on her coffin at Osborne.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/31705/queen-victorias-small-diamond-crown|title=Garrard &amp; Co - Queen Victoria's Small Diamond Crown|website=www.rct.uk|language=en|access-date=2026-01-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;This crown was on the catafalque for her funeral procession along with the Imperial State Crown, the Orb and the Sceptre.

An 1897 political cartoon in Hindi shows QV wearing the Small Diamond Crown, veil and lappets, which might be a symbolic rather than a literal representation (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria,_1897.jpg).

The Royal Collection Trust's technical description of the Small Diamond Crown is here: &lt;blockquote&gt;The crown comprises an openwork silver frame set with 1,187 brilliant-cut and rose-cut diamonds in open-backed collet mounts. The band is formed with a frieze of lozenges and ovals in oval apertures, between two rows of single diamonds, supporting four crosses-pattée and four fleurs-de-lis, with four half-arches above, surmounted by a monde and a further cross-pattée.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
These small crowns are not part of the collection of official coronation wear, but they were part of what QV wore as sovereign or monarch. She is not wearing them in the photographs of her ''en famille''. [[File:Saint Edward's Crown.jpg|alt=Gold bejeweled crown with purple velvet and fur around the rim|thumb|St Edward's Crown, traditionally used at the moment of coronation]]

==== St. Edward's Crown ====
Putting the St. Edward's Crown on the monarch's head marks the moment of the coronation. This crown is used once in a monarch's lifetime.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/stories/the-crown-jewels-coronation-regalia|title=The Crown Jewels: Coronation Regalia|website=www.rct.uk|language=en|access-date=2025-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; The current St. Edward's Crown (right) was made in 1661, for the coronation of Charles II, and it was most recently used in the coronation of Charles III.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-12-29|title=St Edward's Crown|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St_Edward%27s_Crown&amp;oldid=1330156300|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Because of its weight, the St. Edward's Crown has not always used for coronations. In the period between the coronation of William III (William of Orange) in 1689&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-12-02|title=William III of England|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_England&amp;oldid=1325339468|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and that of George V in 1911, new monarchs did not use the St. Edward's Crown but had new crowns made for the ceremony.

Lucy Worsley says,&lt;blockquote&gt;St Edward’s Crown, traditionally used at the climax of the ceremony, had been made for Charles II, a man over 6 feet tall and well able to bear its 5-lb weight. But here [for Victoria's coronation] problems had been anticipated. A new and smaller ‘Crown of State’ had been specially made ‘according to the Model approved by the Queen’ at a cost of £1,000.45{{rp|45 TNA LC 2/67, p. 66}} ...

Her new crown weighed less than half the load of St Edward’s Crown, but it still gave Victoria a headache. She’d had it made to fit her head extra tightly, so that ‘accident or misadventure’ could not cause it to fall off.&lt;sup&gt;47:&quot;47 Lady Wilhelmina Stanhope, quoted in Lorne (1901) pp. 83–4&quot;&lt;/sup&gt; The jewellers Rundell, Bridge &amp; Rundell had made the new crown, and during the build-up towards the coronation it had become the focus [173–174] of an angry controversy. Mr Bridge had displayed his firm’s finished handiwork to the public in his shop on Ludgate Hill. This was much to the dismay of the touchy Mr Swifte, Keeper of the Regalia at the Tower of London. It was Mr Swifte’s privilege to display the Crown Jewels kept at the Tower to anyone who wanted to see them, for one shilling each, and he’d been counting on a lucrative flood of visitors to pay for the feeding of his numerous and sickly infants. But the new crown proved a greater attraction, and hundreds of people went to Mr Bridge’s shop, Mr Swifte complained, when they would otherwise have come to the Tower. Mr Bridges was not very sympathetic about stealing Mr Swifte’s business. ‘If we were to close our Doors,’ he claimed, ‘I fear they would be forced.’&lt;sup&gt;48&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;48 TNA LC 2/68 (22 June 1838)&quot;}}

Victoria later confessed that her firmly fitting crown had hurt her ‘a good deal’, but nevertheless she had to sit on her throne in it, while the peers came up one by one to swear loyalty and kiss her hand.&lt;sup&gt;49&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|49 RA QVJ/1838: 28}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|173–174; nn. 45, 47, 48, 49, p. 661}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;
==== Imperial State Crown ====
[[File:Imperial State Crown.png|alt=Gold bejeweled crown with purple velvet and many large colorful gemmstones|thumb|The Current Imperial State Crown (digitally edited image)|left]][[File:Imperial State Crown of Queen Victoria (2).jpg|alt=Gold bejeweled crown with velvet cap and ermine rim|thumb|Drawing of the Imperial State Crown of Queen Victoria, 1838]]The new monarch wears a different crown from the St. Edward's Crown as he or she leaves Westminster Abbey after the coronation. This crown is used for very formal state occasions like appearing in public after the coronation and for the State Opening of Parliament. Used relatively frequently, it has had to be replaced in the past when it gets damaged or begins to show wear.

Victoria had the Imperial State Crown (right) made for her coronation on 28 June 1838. It was broken in a procession in 1845 (dropped by the Duke of Argyll), so it no longer exists (which is why this image is a drawing). What is now the current Imperial State Crown (left) was rebuilt after the 1845 accident, altered to accommodate the Cullinan II diamond in 1909, copied and remade in 1937 for the coronation of George IV.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Then it was redesigned slightly for the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-08-14|title=Imperial State Crown|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperial_State_Crown&amp;oldid=1305824792|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:Victoria in her Coronation (cropped).jpg|alt=Old painting of a white woman very richly dressed, wearing a crown|thumb|Queen Victoria wearing the State Diadem, Winterhalter 1858]]
==== The Diamond Diadem ====
The Diamond Diadem was made for the coronation of George IV and worn by every queen — regnant or consort — since. Called the Diadem by Queen Victoria and the Diamond Diadem or the George IV State Diadem now, this crown (right, on Queen Victoria's head) is a circlet of two rows of pearls enclosing a row of diamonds.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-01-02|title=Diamond Diadem|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diamond_Diadem&amp;oldid=1330716296|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; On top are 4 crosses pattée and 4 bouquets of the national emblems of the thistle, the shamrock and the rose.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=The Diamond Diadem|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmDAYqKiGZM|date=2022-05-12|accessdate=2026-02-04|last=Royal Collection Trust}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Queen Victoria wore it on some official state occasions before the [[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria#Small Crowns|Small Diamond Crown]] was made in 1871.

==== Diadems, Tiaras ====
A diadem is may be simpler than a crown, or it may be a simple crown. Crowns and diadems have a band that is a full circle.

A Tiara is a semi-circular headpiece, typically a piece of jewelry, that can sit on top of the head or on the forehead. Worn by women at white tie, very formal events.

A Coronet of Rank in the UK is a kind of crown that signifies rank and whose design indicates which rank in the nobility the wearer holds. A coronet does not have the high arches that crowns have. Coronets of rank indicate non-royal rank.

Something called the State Diadem was designed by Albert in 1845? and made by Joseph Kitching.

== QV's Wedding ==
Ideas about QV's wedding dress are encrusted with misinformation: 

# QV was not the first royal (or first woman) to wear a white wedding dress.
# She did not wear white to signal her virginity and purity.
# Everybody has not worn white since then because she did.

None of this is true, and some of it is easy to set aside. It is not true that Queen Victoria invented the white wedding dress. The first record of a white wedding dress in what is now the UK is the early 15th century, and they appear to be popular both in Europe and North America among royals as well as upper middle class in the mid century.

Princess Charlotte, the last royal woman to wed (?), in 1816, wore gold cloth &quot;with three layers of machine-made lace.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/71997/princess-charlottes-wedding-dress|title=Mrs Triaud (active 1816) - Princess Charlotte's Wedding Dress|website=www.rct.uk|language=en|access-date=2025-12-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Her dress is in the Royal Collection Trust (https://www.rct.uk/collection/71997/princess-charlottes-wedding-dress).

Royals were expected to appear regal. Gold and silver cloth and adornments would not have been surprising for a monarch, so QV's choice is worth examining, regardless of the actual color. Given that churches in 1840 were lit with candles and torches and rooms were warmed by coal or wood, white would have been difficult to maintain. So it expressed status and wealth (the association between the white dress and virginity may have arisen in the mid-20th century in the context of widely available birth control and the sexual revolution). White was not uncommon, however, for dresses in the mid-19th century, particular in cotton and particularly for warmer weather.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Violet Paget writing as Vernon Lee addresses the Victorian moral implications in the colors white and black in her 1895 ''Fortnightly Review'' article &quot;Beauty and Insanity.&quot; She is not talking about race, and she does not mention brides [does she talk about Victoria?]. She regards as an aesthetic cultural imposition the association between whiteness and purity, virginity and heterosexuality, and between blackness and evil.&lt;ref&gt;Renes, Liz. “Vernon Lee’s ‘Beauty and Sanity’ and 1895: Color and Cultural Response.” Academica.edu https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/41271981/LeeText-libre.pdf?1452968345=&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DVernon_Lees_Beauty_and_Sanity_and_1895_C.pdf&amp;Expires=1767736568&amp;Signature=SvA5MHz3LY7x~GCxwa6pSRVwF5scY-jOgI6QAEvRyp1j5tk4uy8MWI1pj0kdJOJDLP~XMUwXuLMIVkwPwCxFut6~uLf5PI5~CnZ3arxlKFeK-LWGL1vlF7QeIzRqTkNDnyXitYiJ83DVsidWCJ8DyIHHajtl0Dk0gGzb0L-I547s-EIM~lEmWxchyLqyCnhG4o0fmEcTZqUEaJ84uImLfmosdnphQKUAIEfNai9cEdh33~wfWWfirM29CfEgtsIkoZRvsioM7fKcO79VSVsYecYySCg7GvRikf9zJ~dtJ2NNpjvtXO0tnVmv8lvVbtRM8m1fQ7jZ-hrhgF-nUOVKaQ__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA (retrieved January 2026).&lt;/ref&gt; 

It is true, however, that the press coverage of QV's wedding likely increased the popularity of white for weddings.

=== White Wedding Dress ===
The Royal Collection has QV's wedding dress, in 3 views. It says the dress is made of cream-colored silk satin. It doesn't say the color has yellowed. In her journals, QV describes her dress as &quot;a white satin gown, with a very deep flounce of Honiton lace, imitation of old.&quot;&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;{{rp|&quot;21 RA QVJ/1840: 10 February&quot;}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; (238)

&quot;Onlookers,&quot; Worsley says, commenting on the wedding and Victoria's dress, said Victoria and her party looked like &quot;village girls, presumably rather than a monarch and her ladies in waiting.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; (244 [of 786], citing Wyndham, ed. (1912) p. 297). Others saw the simplicity of the wedding dress similarly, though less negatively. Worsley says,&lt;blockquote&gt;'I saw the Queen’s dress at the palace,’ wrote one eager letter-writer, ‘the lace was beautiful, as fine as a cobweb.’ She wore no jewels at all, this person’s account continues, ‘only a bracelet with Prince Albert’s picture’.&lt;sup&gt;28&lt;/sup&gt; {{rp|&quot;28 Mundy, ed. (1885) p. 413}} This was in fact [240–241] completely incorrect. Albert had given her a huge sapphire brooch, which she wore along with her ‘Turkish diamond necklace and earrings’.&lt;sup&gt;29&lt;/sup&gt; {{rp|&quot;29 RA QVJ/1840: 10 February}} It was the beginning of a lifetime trend for Victoria’s clothes to be reported as simpler, plainer, less ostentatious than they really were. The reality was that they were not quite as ostentatious as people expected for a queen.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; (240–241)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Is it possible that ''white'' actually was used for a range of very light colors? Certainly, not all whites are the same color, and not all viewers are precise with their language.

==== What Was White Used For? ====
The layers worn under dresses were sometimes white. Undergarments would generally have been made of cotton by the 1890s, although some wool and linen was still in use. Mechanical bleaches were available, so fabric could be made pale enough to have been called white. Kate Strasdin quotes a mid-19th-century use of &quot;snow white&quot; to distinguish it from other kinds of white.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; 

Debutants being presented to the monarch wore white, it was court dress [confirm this], and the train added to Victoria's dress raised it into court dress.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; (239? [22 Staniland (1997) p. 118])

Perhaps what was striking about Victoria's white dress was not just its color but its simplicity. When the &quot;onlookers&quot; at Victoria's wedding compare her bridal party to village girls, they are not suggesting that the bridal party is wearing underwear indecently or that they're in court dress. The touchstone here is class — they don't look like the ruling class or the upper class.

But Victoria's white dress was influential nonetheless. Lucy Worsley says it &quot;launched a million subsequent white weddings.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; (238) However, other women were wearing white around the same time, including Mary Todd's sister Frances and Sophie of Württembert, Queen of the Netherlands in 1839. Mary Todd is said to have worn white at her wedding to Abraham Lincoln because they married quickly, so she just borrowed her sisters dress.

# 1839 May 21: Frances Todd's wedding dress was white; she later loaned it to her sister, Mary Todd, for her wedding.
# 1839 June 18: Sophie of Württembert, Queen of the Netherlands wore white.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-12-02|title=Sophie of Württemberg|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sophie_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg&amp;oldid=1325386567|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She knew Napoleon III and QV; was progressive politically, favoring democracy; was buried in her wedding dress.
# '''1840 February 10''': QV's wedding dress was white.
# 1842 November 4: Mary Todd wore her sister Frances's white satin wedding dress.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-12-05|title=Mary Todd Lincoln|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Todd_Lincoln&amp;oldid=1325904504|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1853 January 30: Eugénie of France wore white.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-11-18|title=Eugénie de Montijo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A9nie_de_Montijo&amp;oldid=1322973534|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1854 April 24: Empress Elisabeth of Austria wore white for her wedding.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-12-17|title=Empress Elisabeth of Austria|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Empress_Elisabeth_of_Austria&amp;oldid=1327984118|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1858 January 25: Victoria the Princess Royal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-12-22|title=Victoria, Princess Royal|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victoria,_Princess_Royal&amp;oldid=1328868015|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1863 March 10: Alexandra of Denmark&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-12-14|title=Alexandra of Denmark|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alexandra_of_Denmark&amp;oldid=1327524766|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

All royal clothing is deliberately &quot;symbolic&quot; — or semiotic — to some degree. Lucy Worsley interprets the simple white dress as Victoria marrying as a woman rather than as &quot;Her Majesty the Queen.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; (239) Kay Staniland and Santina M. Levey (and the [https://thedreamstress.com/2011/04/queen-victorias-wedding-dress-the-one-that-started-it-all/ Dreamstress blog]) claim that the salient article from QV's wedding dress was the Honiton lace, which the dress showcased, which they decided should be white, which is why her dress was white.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thedreamstress.com/2011/04/queen-victorias-wedding-dress-the-one-that-started-it-all/|title=Queen Victoria's wedding dress: the one that started it all|last=Dreamstress|first=The|date=2011-04-17|website=The Dreamstress|language=en-US|access-date=2025-12-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Wedding Veil ===
A contemporary (1855) photograph of 1840 QV's wedding veil and wreath is in the Royal Trust collection (https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/34/collection/2905584/veil-worn-by-queen-victoria-at-her-marriage), from a page in a scrapbook that includes 2 photos of paintings made after the wedding, one photo of the veil, showing its lace, and one photo of the bonnet she wore after the wedding.

The veil and [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Flounce|flounce]] on QV's wedding dress were made of Honiton lace, in Devon, partly designed &quot;by the Pre-Raphaelite artist William Dyce&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; and attached to a very fine netting. QV seems to have saved both the dress and the veil. She used both until the end of her life as well as other pieces of lace using the same Dyce design.

Elizabeth Abbott, in her ''A History of Marriage'', says her veil was&lt;blockquote&gt;one and half yards of diamond-studded Honiton lace draped over her shoulders and back. ... The flounce of the dress was also Honiton lace, four yards of it, specially made in the village of Beer by over two hundred lace workers, at a cost of more than £1,000.&lt;ref&gt;Abbott, Elizabeth. ''A History of Marriage''. Duckworth Overlook, 2011. Internet Archive [[iarchive:historyofmarriag0000abbo_w6u8/page/76/mode/2up|https://archive.org/details/historyofmarriag0000abbo_w6u8]].&lt;/ref&gt; (76)&lt;/blockquote&gt;

N. Hudson Moore's 1904 ''Lace Book'' describes (perhaps a touch hyperbolically) the Honiton lace used on Victoria's coronation and wedding dresses as well as her &quot;body linen&quot; and the dresses of Alexandra, Princess of Wales and the Princess Alice:&lt;blockquote&gt;
The wedding trousseau of Queen Victoria was trimmed with English laces only, and this set such a fashion for their use that the market could not be supplied, and the prices paid were fabulous. The patterns were most jealously guarded, and each village and sometimes separate families were noted for their particular designs, which could not be obtained elsewhere. Such laces as these were what were used on Queen Victoria’s body linen. Her coronation gown was of white satin with a deep flounce of Honiton lace, and with trimmings of the same lace on elbow sleeves and about the low neck. Her mantle was of cloth of gold trimmed with bullion fringe and enriched with the rose, the thistle, and other significant emblems. This cloth of gold is woven in one town in England. The present Queen’s mantle was made there also. Queen Victoria's wedding dress was composed entirely [sic] of Honiton lace, and was made in the small fishing village of Beers. It cost £1,000 ($5,000) and after the dress was made the patterns were destroyed. Royalty has done all it could to promote the use of this lace, and the wedding dresses of the Princess Alice and of Queen Alexandra were of Honiton also, the pattern of the latter showing the design of the Prince of Wales’s feathers and ferns.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/lacebook0000nhud|title=The lace book|last=N. Hudson Moore|date=1904|publisher=Frederick A. Stokes Company|others=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt; (184)&lt;/blockquote&gt;
QV wore her wedding veil to all her children's christenings.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|492 of 786}} Beatrice wore that veil at her own wedding, a sign that QV had relented and agreed to Beatrice marrying. Worsley says,&lt;blockquote&gt;Beatrice could only squint at her groom-to-be through the folds of the very same Devon lace veil her mother had worn when she'd married Albert. This was hugely significant. Victoria attached great importance to clothes, and a well-informed source tells us that ‘almost without exception, her wardrobe woman can produce the gown, bonnet, or mantle she wore on any particular occasion.'&lt;sup&gt;47&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|&quot;47 Anon. 'Private Life' (1897; 1901 edition) p. 69&quot;}} The veil was one of the most precious items in the Albertian reliquary. ‘I look upon it as a holy charm,’ Victoria wrote, ‘as it was under that veil our union was blessed forever.’&lt;sup&gt;48&lt;/sup&gt; {{rp|&quot;48 RA QVJ/1843: 19 May; Bartley (2016) p. 82&quot;}} Her loan of it to Beatrice was an important act of blessing.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|500 of 786; n. 47, 48, p. 721 of 786}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Sartorial Style ==
In clothing and perhaps also in jewelry but not in furnishings or architecture. When matters.
* She had her own sense of style, influenced as she may have been by her maids, dressers and modistes, over time and through events in her life. The evolution of her sense of style changed as her life changed and she aged. She was never haute couture, although before she married Albert, she wore French fashion and Brussels lace. But she never really did glamour? Early on, a lot of bare shoulders. A construction of a feminine identity in all that frou-frou, from girly to romantic to maternal to widowed to regal. She came out of her depression with a changed identity.
* She liked frills, layers and decorative trim, and some frou-frou, especially perhaps while Albert was still alive. But over her life, her general look was a simple dress made in sophisticated ways with very high-quality fabrics, laces and trim. After she developed her &quot;uniform,&quot; the frou-frou can be hard to see and impossible to see from a distance. In a way, she was beyond haute couture, her style was classic and less mutable, decorative elements were often sentimental.
** Albert's role
*** QV told people that &quot;she 'had no taste, ... used only to listen to him,'&quot; Albert. Taste here is probably art and architecture, as the context is Osborne House.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|318 of 786 [n. 26, p. 689: &quot;Quoted in Marsden, ed. (2012) p. 12&quot;]}}
*** QV &quot;and Albert — '''for Albert must approve every outfit''' — were conservative in their taste [in clothing]. A Frenchman found her frumpy, and laughed at her old-fashioned handbag 'on which was embroidered a fat poodle in gold'.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|311 of 786}} Something sentimental made by Vicky?
*** Elizabeth Jane Timms says, &quot;Prince Albert had played an essential role in the Queen’s wardrobe, on whose highly refined artistic taste the Queen relied. In her own words: ‘''He did everything – everywhere… the designing and ordering of Jewellery, the buying of a dress or a bonnet… all was done together''…’ [sic ital].&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;
*** 1861 January at Osborne after the servants' ball:&lt;blockquote&gt;As she and Albert passed the time ‘talking over the company’, Victoria also gives details of how her ‘maids would come in and begin to undress me – and he would go on talking, and would make his observations on my jewels and ornaments and give my people good advice as to how to keep them or would occasionally reprimand if anything had not been carefully attended to’.&lt;sup&gt;50&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|327 of 786; n. 50, p. 590: &quot;RA VIC/MAIN/RA/491 (January 1861)&quot;}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;
* We know some things about her dressers, modistes, dressmakers, etc.
* She had a couple of &quot;uniforms&quot;: the Widow of Windsor and the riding habit with the red coat.
* She like fine, complex laces. Even when laces were typically machine made, hers were not.
* She liked tartan. Many of her clothing choices were emotional or sentimental: favorite and meaningful veils, shawls, tartan.
* Shape of skirt (see [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hoops|Hoops]] for one photograph that shows the style of fabric moving to the back). When she visited Paris in 1855 she wasn't wearing hoops yet, though Eugénie was. The French women thought she was dowdy. Her shawl clashed with her dress.
* Alexandra, Princess of Wales had a very different sense of style and moved in very different social networks, regardless of her own official responsibilities. She wore haute couture and at one event — a [[Social Victorians/Timeline/1889#The Shah at a Covent Garden Opera Performance|performance at Covent Garden attended by the Shah]] — wore a red dress, which was reported on without moralizing comment. She wore dresses made by designers outside the UK.
* The contexts for how Victoria dressed:
** expectations for royalty and wives
** her relationships with the middle classes and the aristocracy
*** set herself up in opposition to the aristocracy and haute couture, and Bertie's side of the aristocracy.
*** The aristocracy did not look to her as fashion leader, but did the middle classes? Was she dressing more like some of them rather than them like her?
*** Middle-class perspective on aristocracy: Harriet Martineau attended QV's coronation, disapproved of how the peeresses were dressed and &quot;would have preferred 'the decent differences of dress which, according to middle-class custom, pertain to contrasting periods of life’. She particularly criticised the peers’ wives, ‘old hags, with their dyed or false hair’, their bare arms and necks so ‘wrinkled as to make one sick’.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|180 of 786}}
*** Her sense of style spoke to the middle classes and the mainstream ideas of many of her subjects.
*** Worsley says of Randall Davidson, new Dean of Windsor, later Archbishop of Canterbury, &quot;Unlike Albert, unlike even the Ponsonbys, Davidson appreciated her talent for identifying how mainstream opinion among her subjects would respond to almost any issue. Elsewhere in Europe, when revolutions succeeded, it was because middle-class people and the oppressed workers made common cause. In Britain, though, this never quite happened. Perhaps it was because the middle classes somehow believed that the middlebrow queen was ‘on their side’.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|478 of 786}}
*** Her identification with the middle class helped her monarchy survive. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette: completely identified with smaller and smaller elements only of the aristocracy; similarly Franz Josef and Elisabeth of Austria fell for similar reasons, especially his and his mother Sophia's identification with the aristocracy; Nicholas II and Alexandra of Russia; Napoleon III and Eugenie in France.
** the two main approaches to corseting, tight lacing and &quot;artistic&quot; dress (She didn't do the Worth-house style tight laced &quot;traditional&quot; look (in the 1880s Frith painting) or the &quot;aesthetic&quot; or &quot;artistic&quot; style associated with artists and socialists.)
** the practices around mourning (Kate Strasdin's ''The Dress Diary'' summarizes the mourning practices, at least for mid-century, and perhaps for the aspiring middle classes)
* Neither Eugenie of France nor Elisabeth of Austria were regarded as beautiful as children.
* Empress Eugénie's influence on fashion: &quot;when Mrs. Lincoln first arrived in Washington, she made a point of patterning her gowns after the empress’s wardrobe.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Goldstone, Nancy. ''The Rebel Empresses: Elisabeth of Austria and Eugénie of France, Power and Glamour in the Struggle for Europe''. Little Brown, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|566, n. iii}}

*According to Lucy Worsley, QV developed some practices early to &quot;memorialise&quot; her life, including writing &quot;the millions of words eventually embodied in the journals that she would keep lifelong, ... keeping significant dresses from her wardrobe, ... the compulsive taking and collecting of photographs,&quot; even maintaining &quot;certain rooms of her palaces ... with their furniture unchanged as shrines to earlier times.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|91 of 786}} Another form of memorialization was the books she wrote or had written.
*1856: there is a &quot;surviving day dress of lilac silk ..., which has grey silk ribbons running between waist and hem inside so that the skirt can be drawn up for convenient walking,&quot; as QV might have done in Scotland, although in the 1856 trip to Scotland, she was pregnant with Beatrice.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;{{rp|346 of 786; n. 45, p. 693: &quot;'''Madeleine Ginsburg, ‘The Young Queen and Her Clothes'''’, ''Costume'', vol. 3 (Sprint) (1969) p. 42&quot;}}

== Class ==
Early in their marriage, QV and Albert &quot;had a powerful and popular domestic image and were often seen at home wearing ‘ordinary’ clothes, further appealing to the middle classes.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/london-stories/marriage-queen-victoria-prince-albert/|title=The marriage of Queen Victoria &amp; Prince Albert|website=London Museum|language=en-gb|access-date=2026-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

After the 1870 Mordaunt divorce case, according to Lytton Strachey, speaking at first from QV's perspective,&lt;blockquote&gt;It was clear that the heir to the throne had been mixing with people of whom she did not at all approve. What was to be done? She saw that it was not only her son that was to blame﻿ — that it was the whole system of society; and so she despatched a letter to Mr. Delane, the editor of ''The Times'', asking him if he would &quot;frequently write articles pointing out the immense danger and evil of the wretched frivolity and levity of the views and lives of the Higher Classes.&quot; And five years later Mr. Delane did write an article upon that very subject.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; (424 of 555)&lt;/blockquote&gt;The upper-middle-class Florence Nightingale &quot;had developed a great fondness for Victoria, shy in 'her shabby little black silk gown'&quot; by the time of Albert's death.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; (592 of 1203) She had visited Balmoral during the Crimean War and&lt;blockquote&gt;had been struck by the difference between the bored, frivolous court members and Victoria and Albert, both consumed with thoughts of war, foreign policy, and &quot;all things of importance.&quot; Even before Albert’s death, she thought Victoria conscientious &quot;but so mistrustful of herself, so afraid of not doing her best, that her spirits are lowered by it.&quot; With Albert gone, &quot;now she is even doubting whether she is right or wrong from the habit of consulting him.&quot; Nightingale found this touching, a sign that &quot;she has not been spoilt by power.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; (592 of 1203)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Lucy Worsley sees this lack of self-confidence on Victoria's part as one of the effects of Albert's critical, controlling treatment of her.

The general election of 1886, according to Lytton Strachey, &quot;the majority of the nation&quot;&lt;blockquote&gt;showed decisively that Victoria’s politics were identical with theirs by casting forth the contrivers of Home Rule﻿ — that abomination of desolation﻿ — into outer darkness, and placing Lord Salisbury in power. Victoria’s satisfaction was profound.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; (439–440 of 555)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Prime Minister Salisbury believed that the queen had an uncanny ability to reflect the view of the public; he felt that when he knew [736–737] Victoria’s opinion, he &quot;knew pretty certainly what views her subjects would take, and especially the middle class of her subjects.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; (736–737 of 1203)

Summing up her reign, Strachey says,&lt;blockquote&gt;The middle classes, firm in the triple brass of their respectability, rejoiced with a special joy over the most respectable of Queens. They almost claimed her, indeed, as one of themselves; but this would have been an exaggeration. For, though many of her characteristics were most often found among the middle classes, in other respects﻿ — in her manners, for instance﻿ — Victoria was decidedly aristocratic. And, in one important particular, she was neither aristocratic nor middle-class: her attitude toward herself was simply regal.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; (478 of 555)&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Proposals ==
Queen Victoria's Sense of Style, her taste in clothes and jewelry

To talk about her sartorial style is to address both jewelry (which includes crowns, diadems and tiaras) and clothing (including accessories like shawls, veils and caps, bonnets and hats).

One of the secrets of her style was that she wore elements of Victorian frou-frou without looking over-trimmed or visually busy, mostly because it was black on black (or, before Albert's death, white on white, but also because the materials and work were so fine. What she selected of the frou-frou was very fashionable, but the trim is not high contrast, as for example what a Worth gown might have. The silhouette was not high-fashion, but elements were: she knew what was fashionable, she or her dressmakers, etc.

The close-up/far-away thing contrasts with Bertie, who understood ceremony and pageantry differently and probably better.

Periods in her sartorial styles, but made more complex by state occasions vs less formal, many of them in-family occasions:

# Before she came to the throne, she may not have been in control of her own look.
# After her accession and before her marriage, she had control as well as an experienced Mistress of the Robes and experienced maids and dressmakers. She experimented, wore for example a dark tartan dress to meet Albert and his brother and chose simple styles, like village girls, at the wedding; expectations for what a monarch would wear; she seems to have liked an off-the-shoulder look when she was young, and very formal dress later might be off the shoulder.
# Marriage to Albert: he had a lot of say, though she resisted in some ways, but her identity was tied up in his, as his wife; he attempted to constrain her clothing budget was not successful long term; influenced by styles, but not at the front edge; crinoline cage 3 years later than Eugenie and Elisabeth of Austria (Mary Todd Lincoln?). Photographs, so a medium different from the official portraits documenting empire and sovereignty, more candid, more at-home, less formal, modest, but would any of her subjects have seen them? Change as well as memorializing (Worsley). Some changes she adopted: double pommel side saddle, photography, cage (not immediately, but ...) Her friends in the monarchy, Eugénie, Elisabeth of Austria and Mary Todd Lincoln were all very fashion forward. A. N. Wilson says QV was parsimonious &quot;in such matters as heating and wardrobe.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; (609 of 1204)
# The 1st year, 2 1/2 years (Strasdin), and then decade of mourning, then she decides never to wear color again (not counting honors and order), and her &quot;brand&quot; begins to develop and solidify, a look friendly to the middle classes, especially the upper middle class. The Widow of Windsor. At the beginning her black thigh-length jackets were largely untrimmed, sometimes completely; a large band at the bottom of her skirt, with trim between that and the more satiny fabric above, but otherwise very little or no other trim. White around her face, including neck and headdress, and at her cuffs, but not much and not a lot of frou-frou, perhaps a ruffle.
# In 1871, under pressure from her ministers and newspapers, she had the Small Diamond Crown made and wore it to open Parliament. So she was missing from the public for about a decade. Her grief was profound, possibly compound because of the death of her mother earlier in the same year as the death of Albert. She may have been vulnerable to depression, sometimes finding pregnancies difficult to recover from. But also, her Widow of Windsor look is not just her being &quot;gloomy&quot; or being stuck in grief, though she may have been, this is her brand, her nuance on her regal identity.
# By the 1880s, her look is well established: plain from a distance; up close, very fine materials and beautiful needlework. Her clothing has trim, but generally black on black or white on white, not contrasting on a field of one color. Not wearing a corset, depending on not-very-heavy boning in her bodices, caps, shawls, At this point, Bertie's place in the aristocracy is also well established, and he and Alex are set up with a very different sense of style, wearing haute couture, House of Worth type stylishness.
# By the Jubilees and the end of the century, &quot;Despite their sombre aspect, even her mourning gowns were finely made. She had settled into a series of very minor variations upon a square-necked bodice and skirt, customised with quirky little pockets for keys and seals, all cut pretty much the same to save her the trouble of fittings. On her head went a white cap, with streamers of lace, and round her neck a locket containing miniatures of two of her children: Alice, now lost to diphtheria, and Leopold, to haemophilia.16&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; (511 of 786; n. 16, p. 723: &quot;Princess Marie Louise (1956) p. 141&quot;) One design we see a lot is the usual black with a little white at neckline and wrists, with sophisticated black trim not really visible from a distance. The wide skirt with a deep band of a different fabric at the bottom, a thigh-length jacket with wide sleeves; might be dress with a bodice or a vest and blouse under the jacket.
# Jubilees, end of life and her funeral, which she had planned in detail. 

=== CFPs ===

* Uniform Mourning
* After Prince Albert's death death in 1861, Victoria returned to her earlier project of experimenting and finding sartorial styles that served not only as self-expression but that also communicated how she expected to be treated in what role. The extreme mourning was a reflection of how she felt and her identity as a faithful, grieving widow, but it was also performative and communicative, depending on who was looking and from what distance.
* In her private sphere, in the unofficial and family-centered photographs, in her journals (including Princess Beatrice's revision of her journals) and the preserved clothing, and in the accounts in the papers written by reporters familiar with fashion and dressmaking, we see a sophisticated understanding of fashion and subtle, complex  dresses. The materials and dressmaking are rich and fine. Victoria aligned her appearance with respectable matrons of the growing middle classes, but the quality of the materials used in her clothing aligned her with those in her private sphere, including other royals and aristocrats.
* This opposition between the private and public spheres is falsely simple because, for example, Victoria &quot;memorialized&quot; herself (Worsley), preserving elements of her personal life exactly because she was monarch. The different versions of herself was a complexity present in her lifetime and useful to her.
* Also, her sense of self changed over time, especially after she acceded to the throne, after she married and after she was widowed.
* Focusing on Victoria's clothes and sense of style leads us to see some understandings of her and her reign differently: her periods of seclusion and her absences from governmental and state occasions; the loss of power for the monarchy as well as the survival of the constitutional monarchy when almost every other monarchy in Europe was falling; the ways she managed her relationships with the aristocracy, the middle classes, the press; her mood and mental health; the white wedding dress and her influence in the wedding dresses of her daughters and Alex; Albert's nature; even what we believe to be the rules and conventions around mourning dress; and the size of her body.
* To study Queen Victoria's sartorial sense of style, we look at painted and drawn portraits and at photographs of her, we read the few accounts from biographers and fashion historians, especially those who have looked at the clothing and accessories preserved by Victoria herself and now in the Royal Trust Collection, the London Museum and so on, we read her own accounts (or Princess Beatrice's construction of her mother in her revision of her journals her as well as Esher's books about her based on the journals before Beatrice revised them), and we read accounts of her public appearances in contemporary periodicals, especially newspapers that employed reporters knowledgeable about fashion and dressmaking as well as those more focused on news and, perhaps, a male readership. These sources represent different versions of Victoria and her subjects, a complexity that was already occurring in Victoria's lifetime, that looks to have been deliberate and that was, I argue, very useful to her. These different versions of Victoria and different audiences lead to different readings of her senses of style as they evolved over time and what they might be signaling. The journals and many of the photographs existed in what we might call Victoria's private sphere, by which we mean in the presence of some aristocrats (who worked in government, who attended her and who were ministers), of people who were employed as servants and of her family, which was quite extensive and whose edges were porous, especially toward the end of the century and the end of her life, as well as the small number of people she &quot;adopted&quot; like Duleep Singh and XX [African girl]. The preservation of Victoria's clothing belongs to this &quot;private sphere,&quot; although much of it was worn during public or official events like her coronation or wedding; some, though, like the chemise she wore for the birth of all of her children, was more or less but not completely private, and the &quot;memorializing&quot; (Worsley) of herself entailed in this preservation was done in her role as monarch. The paintings and newspaper accounts depict the public Victoria, and from this distance Victoria looked plain — even dowdy — and clearly unaristocratic: she looks like a middle-class or upper-middle-class widow, the Widow of Windsor. Up close, though, we see complex and sophisticated dresses and dressing. Albert had tastes and preferences for how he wanted her to look, some of which were about looking familiar to the growing middle classes, and after he died and she very deliberately turned her widow's weeds into a uniform, the bifurcation between what she looked like from a distance and to the public and what she looked like up close and to those in her private circles gets clearer. Looking at her as monarch and daughter, wife, mother and grandmother through the lens of her clothing reopens some questions that up to now have seemed settled. Focusing on Victoria's clothes and sense of style causes us to see some uncontroversial and &quot;well-understood&quot; summaries of her and her reign differently: her periods of seclusion, such as they were, and her absences from governmental and state occasions; the loss of power for the monarchy as well as the survival of the constitutional monarchy when almost every other monarchy in Europe was falling; the ways she managed her relationships with the aristocracy, the middle classes, the press; her mood and mental health (the regal, disinterested face, which isn't really gloomy the way it is usually described); the white wedding dress and her influence in the wedding dresses of her daughters and Alex; Albert's nature; the size and shape of her body.
* Many of the newspaper reports of her dress are in descriptions of events involving aristocrats and oligarchs at official social events like garden parties, state balls and, of course, processions, especially for her Golden and Diamond Jubilees. The reports in the news-reporting papers, not the ladies' papers or papers with a lot of fashion reporting, seem to have been written by reporters who did not know how to describe sophisticated clothing, fabrics, trim and techniques; they do not use the technical vocabulary required to report on fashion, or if they attempt it, they end up being confusing. Often, these news reports list only the names of those invited. Garden parties might have as many as 6000 invitées listed; the most said about the queen would list who was attending. Occasionally, we hear a very general description of what she wore and perhaps if she did or did not seem to have difficulty walking, but the reporters seem to have been at a distance and may not know the names of fabrics or dressmaking techniques.
* The reports in the newspapers vs reports written by fashion specialists in women's newspapers (and magazines?).
* Both Oscar Wilde and Jack the Ripper are understood in the context of their &quot;management&quot; (or not) of the media, but Victoria's sense of her identity as a celebrity and public person was at least as sophisticated as theirs. She &quot;memorialized&quot; herself and important moments in her life in her extremely prolific use of photographs as well as painted and drawn images; in her keeping rooms in the palaces frozen in time; in her X millions words recorded in her journals; and in her clothing, both for formal as well as more candid images (Worsley). Her awareness of her responsibility to memorialize herself had to have included the newspapers as well. Politically, her absence from politics after Alfred's death until 1871, when she wore the Small Diamond Crown to open Parliament for the first time, was notable and noted, but a carte de visite with her portrait on it sold X million copies (Worsley) and kept her present in the mind of the citizenry at the same time that she was being criticized for her political absence in the newspapers and among her ministers and the members of Parliament, some of whom questioned the value of an absent monarch. Lytton Strachey says that monarchs up to Victoria's time did not attempt to be fashionable or belong to the fashionable &quot;set,&quot; except, tellingly, George IV. But Victoria's fashion choices occurred in a content different from that of George IV, both politically and journalistically. Especially as Albert's influence waned and Bertie's own social identity developed, the direction of Victoria's sartorial gestures was to the middle classes, especially the upper middle classes, but not the aristocracy, not the fashionable world of haute couture, like, for instance, what the House of Worth might provide. In this 1881 image by Frith, in fact, we see the two main streams of fashion in the economic and cultural elite, but this is not Victoria.
* Alex and her sister Dagmar (who became the mother of Czar Nicolas II) were raised to make their own clothing (their father was not wealthy), so Alex knew a lot about building dresses, already had a wedding dress when she arrived in England but didn't wear it.
* Although she was widely criticized for her absence at state occasions in the press, Parliament and among her ministers, her widely circulated photographic portraits and her books — memoirs mostly of her family life with Albert and their children, her love of Scotland and Balmoral, and later the biographical works she asked and then helped courtiers close to her to write — she was present for the mass of her subjects who bought cartes de visite and read books.
* Worsley says some of her always wearing mourning was to arrange the world so she was treated more gently, with a dispensation; there were other benefits to the &quot;uniform&quot; she developed, but this one suggests she saw herself as marginal and weakened by grief.
* The newspapers described her clothing, but by the end of her life never the way the clothing of women (and occasionally men) wearing haute couture was described? Does the close-up/far-away thing pertain here?

==== '''MVSA: Due 5 January''' (email 4 December, from Laura Fiss) ====
The Underground: Prohibition, Abolition, Expression,  '''April 10-12, 2026''', hosted by Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio

Style and Sensibility: Victoria, Eugénie, Elisabeth and Mary Todd and Their Dressmakers (383 words)

Looking at Queen Victoria's sartorial sense of style troubles some conclusions we have reached about her, her reign, her &quot;private&quot; life and her body. Her style became strongly individuated and intentionally symbolic. The &quot;uniform&quot; worn by the Widow of Windsor — that all-black dress with the touches of white at her neckline and cuffs — made her instantly recognizable, even in a crowd and from a distance, and allied her with the middle class rather than the aristocracy. Up close (in the hundreds of personal photographs, her journals, and the clothing she saved) is a sophisticated and nuanced sense of style and self.

Putting Victoria's use of dress (and jewelry) in the context of a social network of political women that includes Empress Eugénie of France, Elisabeth of Bavaria, Empress of the Holy Roman Empire, and Mary Todd Lincoln removes her from the usual social isolation scholarly scrutiny gives her, emphasizing what clothing did for her, although few biographies and histories see Victoria in this way.

These women knew each other, wrote to each other and had friends in common. They thought about what message their clothing choices sent and made those choices in the context of community, not only of who saw them but also each other and the modistes and couturiers who dressed them. Victoria patronized establishments with shops in London, Paris and New York, and a complex staff made what she wore, dressed her in it and looked after it. Both Eugénie and Elisabeth were clients of the British Frederick Worth of Paris. Lincoln's modiste was the brilliant, elegant, formerly enslaved Elizabeth Keckley, who had also — with her 20-seamstress staff — dressed Mrs. Robert E. Lee, Mrs. Stephen Douglas, Mrs. Jefferson Davis, and the daughter of General Sumner. Mary Anna Lee's dress was for a dinner in honor of the Prince of Wales in 1860. (Keckley introduced Abraham Lincoln to Sojourner Truth, but she also cut his hair and made his dressing gown.)

The class alliances these women's dress signaled had implications for their lives and their reigns. Designed to work from a distance, Queen Victoria’s identity as the Widow of Windsor in her barely relieved black was a valuable construction. Face to face and in the personal photographs, the complexities of the dresses are as fine as the eye can see.

They all wore white wedding gowns (unexpected for monarchs at this time).

Family relations and threats and instability for the monarchies in Europe kept QV in touch with fashion in Europe. Not so much underground or rebellious or revolutionary as crosswise. In some ways, QV's style of dress was '''covert''', looking subtly rich and stylish up close but plain and dowdy from a distance: the Widow of Windsor. Speaking to different groups of her subjects differently, a polyvocal style.

QV chose not to do haute courture. She adopted the cage 1858, for example, well after Eugénie and Elisabeth of Austria, and vest and suit coat in the 1890s?, but she's not wearing the vest and suit coat the way Alexandra is, it's not the up-to-the-minute silhouette, but some of the element are.

Queen Victoria helped the two European monarchs with difficult and dangerous moments, sometimes contributing to saving their lives, sometimes directly and sometimes through friends. 

Her relationships with Eugénie, Empress of France; Elisabeth of Austria, Empress of the Holy Roman Empire and Mary Todd Lincoln are based on shared understanding of themselves as public female leaders.

Mary Todd Lincoln's wedding skirt: https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1314628790709593&amp;set=pcb.1314628920709580, closeup: https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1314628800709592&amp;set=pcb.1314628920709580; in museum case: https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1314628814042924&amp;set=pcb.1314628920709580

Turney, Thomas J. &quot;'Lincoln: A Life and Legacy' Opens at Presidential Museum in Springfield.&quot; ''The State Journal Register'' 30 September 2025 https://www.sj-r.com/picture-gallery/news/2025/09/30/new-lincoln-exhibit-opens-at-presidential-museum-in-springfield/86353769007/.

== Self-Memorializing ==
The term is really Lucy Worsley's, QV memorialising herself, but because QV deliberately saved so much, other biographers noticed it as well. A. N. Wilson says,&lt;blockquote&gt;In a recent study, Yvonne M. Ward calculated that Victoria wrote as many as 60 million words.&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; (6 &quot;Yvonne M. Ward, ''Censoring Queen Victoria'', p. 9.&quot;) Giles St Aubyn, in his biography of the Queen, said that had she been a novelist, her outpouring of written words would have equalled 700 volumes.&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; (7 &quot;Giles St Aubyn, ''Queen Victoria: A Portrait'', p. 601.&quot;) Her diaries were those of a compulsive recorder, and she sometimes would write as many as 2,500 words of her journal in one day.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; (33 of 1204. nn. 6, 7, p. 1057)&lt;/blockquote&gt;If an average Victorian novel is 150,000 words, then Victoria's &quot;outpouring&quot; would equal about 400 volumes, not 700.
* Queen Victoria's journals
* Her personal letters
* Her official letters and memoranda
* Saved clothing and accessories
* Portraits and photographs
* Anniversaries and important dates
* Preserved rooms, including all the stuff she collected over the years and the policy of keeping it in exactly the same place, recorded by photographs and albums
* Works and memoirs, both commanded and self-written
*# 1862: Sir Arthur Helps, &quot;a collection of [Prince Albert's] speeches and addresses&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; (363 of 555), a &quot;weighty tome.&quot; (364 of 505)
*# 1866: General Grey, &quot;an account of the Prince’s early years﻿ — from his birth to his marriage; she herself laid down the design of the book, contributed a number of confidential documents, and added numerous notes.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; (364 of 505)
*# 1868: QV published her ''Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands from 1848 to 1861''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
*# 1874–1880: Theodore Martin, it took him 14 years to write an Albert's biography, the 1st volume came out in 1874, the last 1880. He got a knighthood, but the books were not popular, the image of Albert was not popular, too idealized and beatified.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; (364 of 505)
*# Poet Laureate
*# 1884: QV published her ''More Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands from 1862 to 1882''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

=== Preserved Rooms and Possessions ===
Strachey says,&lt;blockquote&gt;She gave orders that nothing should be thrown away﻿ — and nothing was. There, in drawer after drawer, in wardrobe after wardrobe, reposed the dresses of seventy years. But not only the dresses﻿ — the furs and the mantles and subsidiary frills and the muffs and the parasols and the bonnets﻿ — all were ranged in chronological order, dated and complete. A great cupboard was devoted to the dolls; in the china room at Windsor a special table held the mugs of her childhood, and her children’s mugs as well. Mementoes of the past surrounded her in serried accumulations. In every room the tables were powdered thick with the photographs of relatives; their portraits, revealing them at all ages, covered the walls; their figures, in solid marble, rose up from pedestals, or gleamed from brackets in the form of gold and silver statuettes. The dead, in every shape﻿ — in miniatures, in porcelain, in enormous life-size oil-paintings﻿ — were perpetually about her. John Brown stood upon her writing-table in solid [460–461] gold. Her favourite horses and dogs, endowed with a new durability, crowded round her footsteps. Sharp, in silver gilt, dominated the dinner table; Boy and Boz lay together among unfading flowers, in bronze. And it was not enough that each particle of the past should be given the stability of metal or of marble: the whole collection, in its arrangement, no less than its entity, should be immutably fixed. There might be additions, but there might never be alterations. No chintz might change, no carpet, no curtain, be replaced by another; or, if long use at last made it necessary, the stuffs and the patterns must be so identically reproduced that the keenest eye might not detect the difference. No new picture could be hung upon the walls at Windsor, for those already there had been put in their places by Albert, whose decisions were eternal. So, indeed, were Victoria’s. To ensure that they should be the aid of the camera was called in. Every single article in the Queen’s possession was photographed from several points of view. These photographs were submitted to Her Majesty, and when, after careful inspection, she [461–462] had approved of them, they were placed in a series of albums, richly bound. Then, opposite each photograph, an entry was made, indicating the number of the article, the number of the room in which it was kept, its exact position in the room and all its principal characteristics. The fate of every object which had undergone this process was henceforth irrevocably sealed. The whole multitude, once and for all, took up its steadfast station. And Victoria, with a gigantic volume or two of the endless catalogue always beside her, to look through, to ponder upon, to expatiate over, could feel, with a double contentment, that the transitoriness of this world had been arrested by the amplitude of her might.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; (460–462 of 555)&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Demographics ==
*Nationality: English
=== Residences ===
== Questions and Notes ==
#

== Bibliography ==

# Anon. &quot;One of Her Majesty's Servants,&quot; the Private Life of Queen Victoria. London, 1897, 1901.
# Fawcett, Millicent Garrett. ''Life of Her Majesty Queen Victoria''. Roberts Bros., 1895. WikiSource copy: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Life_of_Her_Majesty_Queen_Victoria_(IA_lifeofhermajesty01fawc).pdf.
# Homans, Margaret. &quot;'To the Queen's Private Apartments': Royal Family Portraiture and the Construction of Victoria's Sovereign Obedience.&quot; ''Victorian Studies'' vol. 37, no. 1 (1993) pp. 1–41.
# Homans, Margaret. 1998.
# Mitchell, Rebecca Nicole, editor. ''Fashioning the Victorians: A Critical Sourcebook''. Bloomsbury visual arts, 2018. OCLC # [https://search.worldcat.org/title/1085349620 1085349620] .
# Staniland, Kay. ''In Royal Fashion: The Clothes of Princess Charlotte of Wales and Queen Victoria 1796-1901''. London, 1997.
# Staniland, Kay, and Santina M. Levey. ''Queen Victoria's Wedding Dress and Lace''. Museum of London, 1983?. OCLC # [https://search.worldcat.org/title/473453762 473453762] . [Repr. from ''Costume, The Journal of the Costume Society'' (17:1983), pp. 1–32.]
# Wackerl, Luise. ''Royal Style: A History of Aristocratic Fashion Icons.'' Peribo, 2012. [T.C. Magrath Library: Quarto GT1754 .W33 2012]

== References ==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>o42rmaf58s10pqoz69k9v44l1y30ie7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Media reform to improve democracy</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>273009</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2806829</id>
      <parentid>2806701</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T18:52:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DavidMCEddy</username>
        <id>218607</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Table of episodes */ link to ep 51</comment>
      <origin>2806829</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9510" sha1="32x8d493n5jvv3pto9r400tmsm0d3ej" xml:space="preserve">A number of seemingly credible sources are describing an increase in political polarization worldwide. [[w:Maria Ressa|Maria Ressa]] describes how [[w:Rodrigo Duterte|Rodrigo Duterte]], former President of the [[w:Philippines|Philippines]] &quot;started ... with five hundred volunteers&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, pp. 147-8).&lt;/ref&gt; (1) creating “sock puppets,” or fake accounts that attack or praise; (2) “mass reporting,” or organizing to negatively impact a targeted account; and (3) “astroturfing,” or fake posts or lies designed to look like grassroots support or interest.&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, pp. 152-3).&lt;/ref&gt; These actions tricked the algorithms of social media companies like Facebook and Twitter into amplifying fraudulent messages including incitements to violence and criminal prosecutions based on trumped up charges. The results easily overwhelmed honest media. [[w:Leila de Lima|Leila de Lima]], a Senator and former Secretary of Justice of the Philippines, spent years  in pretrial detention before the charges were dropped for lack of evidence.&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, p. 158ff) and Wikipedia, &quot;[[w:Leila de Lima|Leila de Lima]]&quot;, accessed 2024-07-22.&lt;/ref&gt; Ressa's news organization, [[w:Rappler|Rappler]].com, was ordered to close. Ressa herself was convicted on questionable charges. Both continued operating while the legal procedures against them were appealed.&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, pp. 152-3) and Wikipedia, &quot;[[w:Maria Ressa|Maria Ressa]]&quot;, accessed 2024-07-22.&lt;/ref&gt; Ressa says similar procedures are making major contributions to the rise of fascism and far-right nationalist populists in the US, Europe, Turkey, India, Russia, and elsewhere.&lt;ref&gt;Ressa (2022, pp. 152-3).&lt;/ref&gt; [[w:H. R. McMaster|H. R. McMaster]], former President Trump's second National Security advisor, said that &quot;The internet and social media thus provided [Russia] with a low-cost, easy way to divide and weaken America from within.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;McMaster (2020, pp. 47-48).&lt;/ref&gt; The [[w:2021 Facebook leak|2021 Facebook leak]] documented how executives of [[w:Facebook|Facebook]] and [[w:Meta Platforms|Meta]] knowingly prioritized profits over action to limit incitements to violence, even facilitating the [[w:Rohingya genocide|Rohingya genocide]] in [[w:Myanmar|Myanmar]], because doing otherwise would have reduced their profits. 

This &quot;Category:Media reform to improve democracy&quot; include videos of experts and activists working this issue along with 29:00 mm:ss audio files submitted to a ''Media &amp; Democracy'' series syndicated on the [[w:List of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates|Pacifica radio network]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Media &amp; Democracy on Audioport--&gt;{{cite Q|Q127839818}}&lt;/ref&gt; plus text and space for moderated discussions. 

Some of this work is cited in the book on ''[[Media Literacy and You]]'', which is being written -- [[w:Crowdsourcing|crowdsourced]] -- to help humans better understand how they can counter the trend toward increasing political polarization and violence by talking politics, calmly, with respect and humility, with others with whom they may vehemently disagree, because the alternative is killing humans over misunderstanding. The goal is ''not'' to convince anyone that they are wrong. Rather it is to build relationships where humans can agree to disagree agreeably and collaborate to improve issues of common concern. 

== Table of episodes == 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ Episodes of &quot;Media &amp; Democracy&quot; for the [[w:List of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates|Pacifica Radio Network]]
|-
! 
!! colspan=3 | Date !! 
|- 
! no. || recorded !! broadcasted on [[w:KKFI|KKFI]] !! released to Pacifica !! Episode 
|-
| 51 || 2026-05-06 || 2026-05-12 || 2026-05-16 || [[For-profit Internet companies harm children and threaten democracy]]
|-
| 50 || 2026-04-09	|| 2026-04-28 || 2026-05-02 || [[How US media threaten the health of all]]
|- 
| 49 || 2026-04-06 || 2026-04-14 || 2026-04-18 || [[News suppressed for those who control money for the media]] 
|-
| 48 || 2026-03-27 || 2026-03-31 || 2026-04-04 || [[Media and war]]
|-
| 47 || 2026-03-12 || 2026-03-17 || 2026-03-21 || [[Media literacy to dispel myths and improve public policy]]
|-
| 46 || 2026-02-26 || 2026-03-03 || 2026-03-07 || [[Concerns about media, especially in Germany]]
|-
| 45 || 2026-02-12 || 2026-02-17 || 2026-02-21 || [[Underserved serve themselves with low-power FM]]
|-
| 44 || 2026-01-30 || 2026-02-03 || 2026-02-07 || [[Conservative media are different]]
|-
| 43 || 2026-01-15 || 2026-01-20 || 2026-01-24 || [[Medill says you can help yourself by helping improve local media]] 
|-
| 42 || 2026-01-03 || 2026-01-06 || 2026-01-10 || [[Lisa Loving on media literacy and how you can report for your community]]
|- 
| 41 || 2015-12-11 || 2025-12-23 || 2025-12-27 || [[John Maxwell Hamilton on American propaganda]] 
|- 
| 40 || 2025-12-05 || 2025-12-09 || 2025-12-13 || [[You can better protect yourself from Big Tech]]
|- 
| 39 || 2025-11-20 || 2025-11-25 || 2025-11-29 || [[Differences between media outlets including coverage of Gaza]]
|- 
| 38 || 2025-11-06 || 2025-11-11 || 2025-11-15 || [[Media &amp; Democracy lessons for the future]]
|-
| 37 || 2025-10-23 || 2025-20-28 || 2025-11-01 || [[Media reform initiatives in West Africa]]  
|-
| 36 || 2025-10-03 || 2025-10-14 || 2025-10-18 || [[Seth Radwell says that the two Enlightenments tell us how to heal US political polarization]]
|-
| 35 || 2025-09-25 || 2025-09-30 || 2025-10-04 ||
[[Media Reform Coalition challenges anti-democratic media bias in the UK]]
|- 
| 34 || 2025-09-12 || 2025-09-16 || 2025-09-20 || [[Fighting back against the campaign of censorship and control]]
|- 
| 33 || 2025-08-28 || 2025-09-02 || 2025-08-06 || [[The role of the media in conflict]]
|- 
| 32 || 2025-07-31 || 2025-08-19 || 2025-08-21 || [[Evidence-informed public policy]]
|-
| 31 || 2025-08-01 || 2025-08-05 || 2025-08-09 || [[What the Left can learn from Fox]]
|-
| 30 || 2025-07-17 || 2025-07-22 || 2025-07-26 || [[Democratic delusions: Fix the media to fix democracy]]
|- 
| 29 || 2025-07-03 || 2025-07-08 || 2025-07-12 || [[News from Germany 1900-1945 and implications for today]]
|-
| 28 || 2025-06-12 || 2025-06-24 || 2025-06-28 || [[How news impacts democracy per USD Communications Professor Nik Usher]]
|-
| 27 || 2025-06-08 || 2025-06-10 || 2025-06-14 || [[Media concentration per Columbia History Professor Richard John]]
|- 
| 26 || 2025-05-21 || 2025-05-27 || 2025-05-31 || [[Dean Starkman and the watchdog that didn't bark]]
|- 
| 25 || 2025-05-08 || 2025-05-13 || 2025-05-17 || [[Freedom of the Press Foundation says...]]
|- 
| 24 || 2025-04-24 || 2025-04-29 || 2025-05-03 || [[Canadian journalist Marc Edge on media reform to improve democracy]]
|-
| 23 || 2025-04-10 || 2025-04-15 || 2025-04-19 || [[The value of indigenous and community radio]]
|- 
| 22 || 2025-03-28 || 2025-04-01 || 2025-04-05 || [[Trump ordered changes in public data]]
|-
| 21 || 2025-03-06 || 2025-03-11 || 2025-03-22 || [[Vulture capitalists destroying newspapers]]
|- 
| 20 || 2025-02-25 || 2025-02-25 || 2025-03-08 || [[Local newspapers limit malfeasance]]
|-
| 19 || 2025-02-06 || 2025-02-11 || 2025-02-22 || [[Palast says Trump lost, vote suppression won the 2024 elections]]
|-
| 18 || 2025-01-25 || 2025-02-04 || 2025-02-12 || [[Defend free speech hybrid town hall]]
|-
| 17 || 2025-01-13 || 2025-01-14 || 2025-01-25 || [[Media in the Syrian conflict]]
|-
| 16 || 2024-12-20 || 2024-12-31 || 2025-01-04 || [[HR 9495, the nonprofit-killer bill, per Michael Novick]]
|- 
| 15 || 2024-12-13 || 2024-12-24 || 2024-12-21 || [[Information is a public good per communications prof Pickard]]
|-
| 14 || 2024-12-02 || 2024-12-10 || 2024-12-07 || [[Media literacy for the Arab World per Ahmed Al-Rawi]]
|-
| 13 || 2024-11-21 || 2024-11-26 || 2024-11-23 || [[Thom Hartmann on The Hidden History of the American Dream]]
|-
| 12 || 2024-10-25 || 2024-11-05 || 2024-11-09 || [[Legal concerns of Wikimedia Europe]] 
|-
| 11 || 2024-10-26 || 2024-10-19 || 2024-10-27 || [[Project 2025 per Professor Brooks]]
|-
| 10 || 2024-10-01 || 2024-10-01 || 2024-10-12 || [[Jacob Ware on far-right terrorism in the US]]
|-
| 9 || 2024-09-13 || 2024-09-17 || 2024-09-29 || [[Dis- and misinformation and their threats to democracy]]
|- 
| 8 || 2024-09-11 || 2024-11-12 || 2024-09-14 || [[22nd Century Initiative]]
|- 
| 7 || 2024-08-22|| 2024-08-27 || 2024-08-31 || [[Global Project Against Hate &amp; Extremism (GPAHE)]]
|-
| 6 || 2024-08-19 || 2024-08-20 || 2024-08-24 || [[Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen says]]
|-
| 5 || 2024-08-13 || 2024-08-13 || 2024-08-17 || [[Legal concerns of Free Press including Section 230]]
|-
| 4 || 2024-08-02 || 2024-08-06 || 2024-08-10 || [[How psychological and interpersonal processes are influenced by human-computer interactions]]
|-
| 3 || 2024-07-30 || 2024-07-30 || 2024-08-03 || [[Dean Baker on Internet companies threatening democracy internationally and how to fix that]]
|-
| 2 || 2021-04-29 || 2021-04-29 || 2021-05-16 || [[Media reform per Freepress.net]]
|- 
| 1 || 2021-02-23 || 2021-02-23 || 2021-03-17 ||[[Unrigging the media and the economy]]
|}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography == 

* &lt;!-- H. R. McMaster (2020) Battlegrounds: The Fight to Defend the Free World--&gt;{{cite Q|Q104774898}}
* &lt;!--Maria Ressa (2022) How to Stand Up To a Dictator--&gt;{{cite Q|Q117559286}}

[[Category:Interdisciplinary studies]]

[[Category:Political science]]
[[Category:Economics]]
[[Category:Freedom and abundance]]
[[Category:Videoconferences on media and democracy]]</text>
      <sha1>32x8d493n5jvv3pto9r400tmsm0d3ej</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>C language in plain view</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>285380</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2806856</id>
      <parentid>2806775</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-28T10:04:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Young1lim</username>
        <id>21186</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Applications */</comment>
      <origin>2806856</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9878" sha1="mg7itj6j1g1p22nnug8225wdxwjohi0" xml:space="preserve">=== Introduction ===
* Overview ([[Media:C01.Intro1.Overview.1.A.20170925.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro1.Overview.1.B.20170901.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro1.Overview.1.C.20170904.pdf |C.pdf]])
* Number System ([[Media:C01.Intro2.Number.1.A.20171023.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro2.Number.1.B.20170909.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro2.Number.1.C.20170914.pdf |C.pdf]])
* Memory System ([[Media:C01.Intro2.Memory.1.A.20170907.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro3.Memory.1.B.20170909.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:C01.Intro3.Memory.1.C.20170914.pdf |C.pdf]])

=== Handling Repetition ===
* Control ([[Media:C02.Repeat1.Control.1.A.20170925.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C02.Repeat1.Control.1.B.20170918.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:C02.Repeat1.Control.1.C.20170926.pdf |C.pdf]])
* Loop ([[Media:C02.Repeat2.Loop.1.A.20170925.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C02.Repeat2.Loop.1.B.20170918.pdf |B.pdf]])

=== Handling a Big Work ===
* Function Overview ([[Media:C03.Func1.Overview.1.A.20171030.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C03.Func1.Oerview.1.B.20161022.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Functions &amp; Variables ([[Media:C03.Func2.Variable.1.A.20161222.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C03.Func2.Variable.1.B.20161222.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Functions &amp; Pointers ([[Media:C03.Func3.Pointer.1.A.20161122.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C03.Func3.Pointer.1.B.20161122.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Functions &amp; Recursions ([[Media:C03.Func4.Recursion.1.A.20161214.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C03.Func4.Recursion.1.B.20161214.pdf |B.pdf]])

=== Handling Series of Data ===

==== Background ==== 
* Background ([[Media:C04.Series0.Background.1.A.20180727.pdf |A.pdf]])
 
==== Basics ====
* Pointers ([[Media:C04.S1.Pointer.1A.20240524.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series2.Pointer.1.B.20161115.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Arrays ([[Media:C04.S2.Array.1A.20240514.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series1.Array.1.B.20161115.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Array Pointers ([[Media:C04.S3.ArrayPointer.1A.20240208.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series3.ArrayPointer.1.B.20181203.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Multi-dimensional Arrays ([[Media:C04.Series4.MultiDim.1.A.20221130.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series4.MultiDim.1.B.1111.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Array Access Methods ([[Media:C04.Series4.ArrayAccess.1.A.20190511.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series3.ArrayPointer.1.B.20181203.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Structures ([[Media:C04.Series3.Structure.1.A.20171204.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series2.Structure.1.B.20161130.pdf |B.pdf]])

==== Examples ==== 
* Spreadsheet Example Programs
:: Example 1 ([[Media:C04.Series7.Example.1.A.20171213.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series7.Example.1.C.20171213.pdf |C.pdf]])
:: Example 2 ([[Media:C04.Series7.Example.2.A.20171213.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series7.Example.2.C.20171213.pdf |C.pdf]])
:: Example 3 ([[Media:C04.Series7.Example.3.A.20171213.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C04.Series7.Example.3.C.20171213.pdf |C.pdf]])
:: Bubble Sort ([[Media:C04.Series7.BubbleSort.1.A.20171211.pdf |A.pdf]])

==== Applications ==== 
* Address-of and de-reference operators ([[Media:C04.SA0.PtrOperator.1A.20260428.pdf |A.pdf]])
* Applications of Pointers ([[Media:C04.SA1.AppPointer.1A.20241121.pdf |A.pdf]])
* Applications of Arrays ([[Media:C04.SA2.AppArray.1A.20240715.pdf |A.pdf]])
* Applications of Array Pointers ([[Media:C04.SA3.AppArrayPointer.1A.20240210.pdf |A.pdf]])
* Applications of Multi-dimensional Arrays ([[Media:C04.Series4App.MultiDim.1.A.20210719.pdf |A.pdf]])
* Applications of Array Access Methods ([[Media:C04.Series9.AppArrAcess.1.A.20190511.pdf |A.pdf]])
* Applications of Structures ([[Media:C04.Series6.AppStruct.1.A.20190423.pdf |A.pdf]])

=== Handling Various Kinds of Data ===
* Types ([[Media:C05.Data1.Type.1.A.20180217.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C05.Data1.Type.1.B.20161212.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Typecasts ([[Media:C05.Data2.TypeCast.1.A.20180217.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C05.Data2.TypeCast.1.B.20161216.pdf |A.pdf]])
* Operators ([[Media:C05.Data3.Operators.1.A.20161219.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C05.Data3.Operators.1.B.20161216.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Files ([[Media:C05.Data4.File.1.A.20161124.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:C05.Data4.File.1.B.20161212.pdf |B.pdf]])

=== Handling Low Level Operations ===
* Bitwise Operations ([[Media:BitOp.1.B.20161214.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:BitOp.1.B.20161203.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Bit Field ([[Media:BitField.1.A.20161214.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:BitField.1.B.20161202.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Union ([[Media:Union.1.A.20161221.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Union.1.B.20161111.pdf |B.pdf]])
* Accessing IO Registers ([[Media:IO.1.A.20141215.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:IO.1.B.20161217.pdf |B.pdf]])

=== Declarations ===
* Type Specifiers and Qualifiers ([[Media:C07.Spec1.Type.1.A.20171004.pdf |pdf]])
* Storage Class Specifiers ([[Media:C07.Spec2.Storage.1.A.20171009.pdf |pdf]])
* Scope 


=== Class Notes ===

* TOC ([[Media:TOC.20171007.pdf |TOC.pdf]])
* Day01 ([[Media:Day01.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day01.B.20171209.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day01.C.20171211.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Introduction (1) Standard Library
* Day02 ([[Media:Day02.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day02.B.20171209.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day02.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Introduction (2) Basic Elements
* Day03 ([[Media:Day03.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day03.B.20170908.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day03.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Introduction (3) Numbers
* Day04 ([[Media:Day04.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day04.B.20170915.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day04.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Structured Programming (1) Flowcharts
* Day05 ([[Media:Day05.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day05.B.20170915.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day05.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Structured Programming (2) Conditions and Loops
* Day06 ([[Media:Day06.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day06.B.20170923.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day06.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Program Control
* Day07 ([[Media:Day07.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day07.B.20170926.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day07.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Function (1) Definitions
* Day08 ([[Media:Day08.A.20171028.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day08.B.20171016.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day08.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Function (2) Storage Class and Scope
* Day09 ([[Media:Day09.A.20171007.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day09.B.20171017.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day09.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Function (3) Recursion
* Day10 ([[Media:Day10.A.20171209.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day10.B.20171017.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day10.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Arrays (1) Definitions
* Day11 ([[Media:Day11.A.20171024.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day11.B.20171017.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day11.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Arrays (2) Applications
* Day12 ([[Media:Day12.A.20171024.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day12.B.20171020.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day12.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Pointers (1) Definitions
* Day13 ([[Media:Day13.A.20171025.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day13.B.20171024.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day13.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Pointers (2) Applications
* Day14 ([[Media:Day14.A.20171226.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day14.B.20171101.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day14.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... C String (1) 
* Day15 ([[Media:Day15.A.20171209.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day15.B.20171124.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day15.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... C String (2)
* Day16 ([[Media:Day16.A.20171208.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day16.B.20171114.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day16.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... C Formatted IO
* Day17 ([[Media:Day17.A.20171031.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day17.B.20171111.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day17.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Structure (1) Definitions
* Day18 ([[Media:Day18.A.20171206.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day18.B.20171128.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day18.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Structure (2) Applications
* Day19 ([[Media:Day19.A.20171205.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day19.B.20171121.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day19.C.20171209.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Union, Bitwise Operators, Enum
* Day20 ([[Media:Day20.A.20171205.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day20.B.20171201.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day20.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Linked List 
* Day21 ([[Media:Day21.A.20171206.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day21.B.20171208.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day21.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... File Processing
* Day22 ([[Media:Day22.A.20171212.pdf |A.pdf]], [[Media:Day22.B.20171213.pdf |B.pdf]], [[Media:Day22.C.20171212.pdf |C.pdf]]) ...... Preprocessing


&lt;!----------------------------------------------------------------------&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;
See also https://cprogramex.wordpress.com/

== '''Old Materials '''==

until 201201
* Intro.Overview.1.A ([[Media:C.Intro.Overview.1.A.20120107.pdf |pdf]])
* Intro.Memory.1.A ([[Media:C.Intro.Memory.1.A.20120107.pdf |pdf]])
* Intro.Number.1.A ([[Media:C.Intro.Number.1.A.20120107.pdf |pdf]])
* Repeat.Control.1.A ([[Media:C.Repeat.Control.1.A.20120109.pdf |pdf]])
* Repeat.Loop.1.A ([[Media:C.Repeat.Loop.1.A.20120113.pdf |pdf]])
* Work.Function.1.A ([[Media:C.Work.Function.1.A.20120117.pdf |pdf]])
* Work.Scope.1.A ([[Media:C.Work.Scope.1.A.20120117.pdf |pdf]])
* Series.Array.1.A ([[Media:Series.Array.1.A.20110718.pdf |pdf]])
* Series.Pointer.1.A ([[Media:Series.Pointer.1.A.20110719.pdf |pdf]])
* Series.Structure.1.A ([[Media:Series.Structure.1.A.20110805.pdf |pdf]])
* Data.Type.1.A ([[Media:C05.Data2.TypeCast.1.A.20130813.pdf |pdf]])
* Data.TypeCast.1.A ([[Media:Data.TypeCast.1.A.pdf |pdf]])
* Data.Operators.1.A ([[Media:Data.Operators.1.A.20110712.pdf |pdf]])
 
&lt;br&gt;

until 201107
* Intro.1.A ([[Media:Intro.1.A.pdf |pdf]])
* Control.1.A ([[Media:Control.1.A.20110706.pdf |pdf]])
* Iteration.1.A ([[Media:Iteration.1.A.pdf |pdf]])
* Function.1.A ([[Media:Function.1.A.20110705.pdf |pdf]])
* Variable.1.A ([[Media:Variable.1.A.20110708.pdf |pdf]])
* Operators.1.A ([[Media:Operators.1.A.20110712.pdf |pdf]])
* Pointer.1.A ([[Media:Pointer.1.A.pdf |pdf]])
* Pointer.2.A ([[Media:Pointer.2.A.pdf |pdf]])
* Array.1.A ([[Media:Array.1.A.pdf |pdf]])
* Type.1.A ([[Media:Type.1.A.pdf |pdf]])
* Structure.1.A ([[Media:Structure.1.A.pdf |pdf]])


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    <title>Social Victorians/Terminology</title>
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      <text bytes="200402" sha1="k6k5pkzp0e5bkj6y0tm8kpycsnbpuk8" xml:space="preserve">Especially with respect to fashion, the newspapers at the end of the 19th century in the UK often used specialized terminology. The definitions on this page are to provide a sense of what someone in the late 19th century might have meant by the term rather than a definition of what we might mean by it today. In the absence of a specialized glossary from the end of the 19th century in the U.K., we use the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' because the senses of a word are illustrated with examples that have dates so we can be sure that the senses we pick are appropriate for when they are used in the quotations we have.

We also sometimes use the French ''Wikipédia'' to define a word because many technical terms of fashion were borrowings from the French. Also, often the French ''Wikipédia'' provides historical context for the uses of a word similar to the way the ''OED'' does.

== Articles or Parts of Clothing: Men's ==
[[Social Victorians/Terminology#Military|Men's military uniforms]] are discussed below.

=== À la Romaine ===
[[File:Johann Baptist Straub - Mars um 1772-1.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Old and damaged marble statue of a Roman god of war with flowing cloak, big helmet with a plume on top, and armor|Johann Baptist Straub's 1772 ''à la romaine'' ''Mars'']]
A few people who attended the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball in 1897]] personated Roman gods or people. They were dressed not as Romans, however, but ''à la romaine'', which was a standardized style of depicting Roman figures that was used in paintings, sculpture and the theatre for historical dress from the 17th until the 20th century. The codification of the style was developed in France in the 17th century for theatre and ballet, when it became popular for masked balls.

Women as well as men could be dressed ''à la romaine'', but much sculpture, portraiture and theatre offered opportunities for men to dress in Roman style — with armor and helmets — and so it was most common for men. In large part because of the codification of the style as well as the painting and sculpture, the style persisted and remained influential into the 20th century and can be found in museums and galleries and on monuments.

For example, Johann Baptist Straub's 1772 statue of Mars (left), now in the Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, Munich, missing part of an arm, shows Mars ''à la romaine''. In London, an early 17th-century example of a figure of Mars ''à la romaine'', with a helmet, '''was''' &quot;at the foot of the Buckingham tomb in Henry VII's Chapel at Westminster Abbey.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Webb, Geoffrey. “Notes on Hubert Le Sueur-II.” ''The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs'' 52, no. 299 (1928): 81–89. http://www.jstor.org/stable/863535.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|81, Col. 2c}}

[[File:Sir-Anthony-van-Dyck-Lord-John-Stuart-and-His-Brother-Lord-Bernard-Stuart.jpg|thumb|alt=Old painting of 2 men flamboyantly and stylishly dressed in colorful silk, with white lace, high-heeled boots and long hair|Van Dyck's c. 1638 painting of cavaliers Lord John Stuart and his brother Lord Bernard Stuart]]
[[File:Frans_Hals_-_The_Meagre_Company_(detail)_-_WGA11119.jpg|thumb|Frans Hals - The Meagre Company (detail) - WGA11119.jpg]]

=== Cavalier ===
As a signifier in the form of clothing of a royalist political and social ideology begun in France in the early 17th century, the cavalier style established France as the leader in fashion and taste. Adopted by [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Military|wealthy royalist British military officers]] during the time of the Restoration, the style signified a political and social position, both because of the loyalty to Charles I and II as well the wealth required to achieve the cavalier look. The style spread beyond the political, however, to become associated generally with dress as well as a style of poetry.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2023-04-25|title=Cavalier poet|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cavalier_poet&amp;oldid=1151690299|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalier_poet.&lt;/ref&gt;

Van Dyck's 1638 painting of two brothers (right) emphasizes the cavalier style of dress.

=== Coats ===

==== Doublet ====
* In the 19th-century newspaper accounts we have seen that use this word, doublet seems always to refer to a garment worn by a man, but historically women may have worn doublets. In fact, a doublet worn by Queen Elizabeth I exists and '''is somewhere'''.
* Technically doublets were long sleeved, although we cannot be certain what this or that Victorian tailor would have done for a costume. For example, the [[Social Victorians/People/Spencer Compton Cavendish#Costume at the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July 1897 Fancy-dress Ball|Duke of Devonshire's costume as Charles V]] shows long sleeves that may be part of the surcoat but should be the long sleeves of the doublet.

==== Pourpoint ====
A padded doublet worn under armor to protect the warrior from the metal chafing. A pourpoint could also be worn without the armor.

==== Surcoat ====
Sometimes just called ''coat''.

[[File:Oscar Wilde by Sarony 1882 18.jpg|thumb|alt=Old photograph of a young man wearing a velvet jacket, knee breeches, silk hose and shiny pointed shoes with bows, seated on a sofa and leaning on his left hand and holding a book in his right| Oscar Wilde, 1882, by Napoleon Sarony]]
=== Hose, Stockings and Tights ===
Newspaper accounts from the late 19th century of men's clothing use the term ''hose'' for what we might call stockings or tights.

In fact, the terminology is specific. ''Stockings'' is the more general term and could refer to hose or tights. With knee breeches men wore hose, which ended above the knee, and women wore hose under their dresses.

The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines tights as &quot;Tight-fitting breeches, worn by men in the 18th and early 19th centuries, and still forming part of court-dress.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;“Tights, N.” ''Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford UP, July 2023, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/2693287467.&lt;/ref&gt; By 1897, the term was in use for women's stockings, which may have come up only to the knee. Tights were also worn by dancers and acrobats. This general sense of ''tights'' does not assume that they were knitted.

''Clocking'' is decorative embroidery on hose, usually, at the ankles on either the inside or the outside of the leg. It started at the ankle and went up the leg, sometimes as far as the knee. On women's hose, the clocking could be quite colorful and elaborate, while the clocking on men's hose was more inconspicuous.

In many photographs men's hose are wrinkled, especially at the ankles and the knees, because they were shaped from woven fabric. Silk hose were knitted instead of woven, which gave them elasticity and reduced the wrinkling.

The famous Sarony carte de visite photograph of Oscar Wilde (right) shows him in 1882 wearing knee breeches and silk hose, which are shiny and quite smoothly fitted although they show a few wrinkles at the ankles and knees. In the portraits of people in costume at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 1897 fancy-dress ball]], the men's hose are sometimes quite smooth, which means they were made of knitted silk and may have been smoothed for the portrait.

In painted portraits the hose are almost always depicted as smooth, part of the artist's improvement of the appearance of the subject.

=== Shoes and Boots ===

== Articles or Parts of Clothing: Women's ==

=== '''Chérusque''' ===
According to the French ''Wikipedia'', ''chérusque'' is a 19th-century term for the kind of standing collar like the ones worn by ladies in the Renaissance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2021-06-26|title=Collerette (costume)|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Collerette_(costume)&amp;oldid=184136746|journal=Wikipédia|language=fr}} https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collerette_(costume)#Au+xixe+siècle+:+la+Chérusque.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Corsage ===
According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', the corsage is the &quot;'body' of a woman's dress; a bodice.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;corsage, n.&quot; ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, December 2022, www.oed.com/view/Entry/42056. Accessed 7 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; This sense is well documented in the ''OED'' for the mid and late 19th-century, used this way in fiction as well as in a publication like ''Godey's Lady's Book'', which would be expected to use appropriate terminology associated with fashion and dress making.

The sense of &quot;a bouquet worn on the bodice&quot; is, according to the ''OED'', American.

=== Décolletage ===

=== Girdle ===

=== Mancheron ===
According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', a ''mancheron'' is a &quot;historical&quot; word for &quot;A piece of trimming on the upper part of a sleeve on a woman's dress.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;mancheron, n.&quot; ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, March 2023, www.oed.com/view/Entry/113251. Accessed 17 April 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; At the present, in French, a ''mancheron'' is a cap sleeve &quot;cut directly on the bodice.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-11-28|title=Manche (vêtement)|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manche_(v%C3%AAtement)&amp;oldid=199054843|journal=Wikipédia|language=fr}} https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manche_(v%C3%AAtement).&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Paletot ===
A cloak or jacket worn by both women and men in different periods. In the late 19th century, we see Victoria wearing them frequently, sometimes dressed for outdoors but not always.

Paletot-redingote:&lt;blockquote&gt;United Kingdom. Introduced in 1867, ladies' fitted long coat cut without a waist seam. It had revers and buttoned down the front. They sometimes had capes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|217}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

According to the French ''Wikipédia'', a paletot is longer than hip length, has long sleeves, opens in the front.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-02-20|title=Manteau (vêtement)|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manteau_(v%C3%AAtement)&amp;oldid=233467144|journal=Wikipédia|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Petticoat ===

According to the ''O.E.D.'', a petticoat is a &lt;blockquote&gt;skirt, as distinguished from a bodice, worn either externally or showing beneath a dress as part of the costume (often trimmed or ornamented); an outer skirt; a decorative underskirt. Frequently in ''plural'': a woman's or girl's upper skirts and underskirts collectively. Now ''archaic'' or ''historical''.&lt;ref&gt;“petticoat, n., sense 2.b”.  ''Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford University Press,  September 2023, &lt;https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/1021034245&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;This sense is, according to the ''O.E.D.'', &quot;The usual sense between the 17th and 19th centuries.&quot; However, while petticoats belong in both outer- and undergarments — that is, meant to be seen or hidden, like underwear — they were always under another garment, for example, underneath an open overskirt. The primary sense seems to have shifted through the 19th century so that, by the end, petticoats were underwear and the term ''underskirt'' was used to describe what showed under an open overskirt. 

In the 19th century, women wore their chemises, bloomers and [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hoops|hoops]] under their petticoats. 

=== Stomacher ===
According to the ''O.E.D.'', a stomacher is &quot;An ornamental covering for the chest (often covered with jewels) worn by women under the lacing of the bodice,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;“stomacher, n.¹, sense 3.a”. ''Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford University Press, September 2023, &lt;https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/1169498955&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; although by the end of the 19th century, the bodice did not often have visible laces. Some stomachers were so decorated that they were thought of as part of the jewelry.

=== Train ===
A train is

The Length of the Train

'''For the monarch [or a royal?]'''

According to Debrett's,&lt;blockquote&gt;A peeress's coronation robe is a long-trained crimson velvet mantle, edged with miniver pure, with a miniver pure cape. The length of the train varies with the rank of the wearer:

* Duchess: for rows of ermine; train to be six feet
* Marchioness: three and a half rows of ermine; train to be three and three-quarters feet
* Countess: three rows of ermine; train to be three and a half feet
* Viscountess: two and a half rows of ermine; train to be three and a quarter feet
* Baroness: two rows of ermine; train to be three feet&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://debretts.com/royal-family/dress-codes/|title=Dress Codes|website=debretts.com|language=en-US|access-date=2023-07-27}} https://debretts.com/royal-family/dress-codes/.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;The pattern on the coronet worn was also quite specific, similar but not exactly the same for peers and peeresses. Debrett's also distinguishes between coronets and tiaras, which were classified more like jewelry, which was regulated only in very general terms.

Peeresses put on their coronets after the Queen or Queen Consort has been crowned. ['''peers?''']

== Hats, Bonnets and Headwear ==

=== Women's ===
The dresses in the 1892 production of Reyer's Salammbo, based on the Flaubert novel, were influential and occasioned a lot of newspaper coverage:&lt;blockquote&gt;Among the concessions to women made recently in Paris, and over which old-fashioned folk shake their heads as being a terrible innovation, is the permission given to sit in the orchestra stalls at the theatre. Though only in the two last rows of the spectators, women of the first class had place, they are still obliged to appear in demi-toilette, which includes the wearing of a bonnet. It was on the occasion of the first performance of “Salammbo” that the change was allowed, and there are not wanting people who think that after such a departure a deluge, or some such visitation, may be looked for.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ladies Column.&quot; ''Kilburn Times'' 8 July 1892, Friday: 7 [of 8], Col. 2b [of 7]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001813/18920708/175/0007. Print title: ''The Kilburn Times, Hampstead and North-Western Post'', p. 7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;[[Social Victorians/People/Bourke|Gwendolen Bourke]] was dressed as Salammbo at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 1897 fancy-dress ball]].

==== Fontanges ====
[[File:Recueil de modes - Tome 4 - cent-quatre-vingt-cinq planches - estampes - btv1b105296325 (083 of 195).jpg|thumb|Recueil de modes - Tome 4 - cent-quatre-vingt-cinq planches - estampes - btv1b105296325 (083 of 195).jpg]][[File:Madame de Ludre en Stenkerke et falbala - (estampe) (2e état) - N. arnoult fec - btv1b53265886c.jpg|none|thumb|Madame de Ludre en Stenkerke et falbala - (estampe) (2e état) - N. arnoult fec - btv1b53265886c.jpg]]

==== Widow's Cap ====
or mourning bonnet

According to Kate Strasdin, widow's caps were &quot;white crinkled crape [sic] objects with long streamers flowing down the back, ... customarily worn by single old women who had never remarried.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Strasdin, Kate. ''The Dress Diary: Secrets from a Victorian Woman's Wardrobe''. Pegasus, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|734 of 1124}}

[[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria#Widow's Cap|Queen Victoria's widow's caps]] and [[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria#Headdresses|other headdresses]] are discussed on her page.

=== Men's ===

== Cinque Cento ==
According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', ''Cinque Cento'' is a shortening of ''mil cinque cento'', or 1500.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;cinquecento, n.&quot; ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, December 2022, www.oed.com/view/Entry/33143. Accessed 7 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; The term, then would refer, perhaps informally, to the sixteenth century.

== Corset ==
[[File:Corset - MET 1972.209.49a, b.jpg|thumb|alt=Photograph of an old silk corset on a mannequin, showing the closure down the front, similar to a button, and channels in the fabric for the boning. It is wider at the top and bottom, creating smooth curves from the bust to the compressed waist to the hips, with a long point below the waist in front.|French 1890s corset, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC]]
The understructure of Victorian women's clothing is what makes the costumes worn by the women at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 1897 fancy-dress ball]] so distinctly Victorian in appearance. An example of a corset that has the kind of structure often worn by fashionably dressed women in 1897 is the one at right. 

This corset exaggerated the shape of the women's bodies and made possible a bodice that looked and was fitted in the way that is so distinctive of the time — very controlled and smooth. And, as a structural element, this foundation garment carried the weight of all those layers and all that fabric and decoration on the gowns, trains and mantles. (The trains and mantles could be attached directly to the corset itself.)

* This foundation emphasizes the waist and the bust in particular, in part because of the contrast between the very small waist and the rounded fullness of the bust and hips.
* The idealized waist is defined by its small span and the sexualizing point at the center-bottom of the bodice, which directs the eye downwards. Interestingly, the pointed waistline worn by Elizabethan men has become level in the Victorian age. Highly fashionable Victorian women wearing the traditional style, however, had extremely pointed waists.
* The busk (a kind of boning in the front of a corset that is less flexible than the rest) smoothed the bodice, flattened the abdomen and prevented the point on the bodice from curling up.
* The sharp definition of the waist was caused by
** length of the corset (especially on the sides)
** the stiffness of the boning
** the layers of fabric
** the lacing (especially if the woman used tightlacing)
** the over-all shape, which was so much wider at the top and the bottom
** the contrast between the waist and the wider top and bottom
* The late-19th-century corset was long, ending below the waist even on the sides and back.
* The boning and the top edge of the late 19th-century fashion corset pushed up the bust, rounding (rather than flattening, as in earlier styles) the breasts, drawing attention to their exposed curves and creating cleavage.
* The exaggerated bust was larger than the hips, whenever possible, an impression reinforced by the A-line of the skirt and the inverted Vs in the decorative trim near the waist and on the skirt.
* This corset made the bodice very smooth with a very precise fit, that had no wrinkles, folds or loose drapery. The bodice was also trimmed or decorated, but the base was always a smooth bodice. More formal gowns would still have the fitted bodice and more elaborate trim made from lace, embroidery, appliqué, beading and possibly even jewels.
The advantages and disadvantages of corseting and especially tight lacing were the subject of thousands of articles and opinions in the periodical press for a great part of the century, but the fetishistic and politicized tight lacing was practiced by very few women. And no single approach to corsetry was practiced by all women all the time. Most of the women at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 1897 ball]] were not tightly laced, but the progressive style does not dominate either, even though all the costumes are technically historical dress. Part of what gives most of the costumes their distinctive 19th-century &quot;look&quot; is the more traditional corset beneath them. Even though this highly fashionable look was widely present in the historical costumes at the ball, some women's waists were obviously very small and others were hardly '''emphasized''' at all. Women's waists are never mentioned in the newspaper coverage of the ball — or, indeed, of any of the social events attended by the network at the ball — so it is only in photographs that we can see the effects of how they used their corsets.

==== Things To Add ====
[[File:Woman's Corset LACMA M.2007.211.353.jpg|thumb|Woman's Corset LACMA M.2007.211.353.jpg|none]]

* Corset as an outer garment, 18th century, in place of a stomacher&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|419}}
* Corsets could be laced in front or back
* Methods for making the holes for the laces and the development of the grommet (in the 1830s)

== Court Dress ==
Also Levee and drawing-room

== Crevé ==
''Creve'', without the accent, is an old word in English (c. 1450) for burst or split.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;creve, v.&quot; ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, December 2022, www.oed.com/view/Entry/44339. Accessed 8 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; ['''With the acute accent, it looks like a past participle in French.''']

== Elaborations ==
In her 1973 ''The Best Circles: Society, Etiquette and the Season'', Leonore Davidoff notes that women’s status was indicated by dress and especially ornament: “Every cap, bow, streamer, ruffle, fringe, bustle, glove and other elaboration,” she says, “symbolised some status category for the female wearer.”&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Davidoff, Leonore. ''The Best Circles: Society Etiquette and the Season''. Intro., Victoria Glendinning. The Cressett Library (Century Hutchinson), 1986 (orig 1973).&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|93}}

Looking at these elaborations as meaningful rather than dismissing them as failed attempts at &quot;historical accuracy&quot; reveals a great deal about the individual women who wore or carried them — and about the society women and political hostesses in their roles as managers of the social world. In her review of ''The House of Worth: Portrait of an Archive'', Mary Frances Gormally says,&lt;blockquote&gt;In a socially regulated year, garments custom made with a Worth label provided women with total reassurance, whatever the season, time of day or occasion, setting them apart as members of the “Best Circles” dressed in luxurious, fashionable and always appropriate attire (Davidoff 1973). The woman with a Worth wardrobe was a woman of elegance, lineage, status, extreme wealth and faultless taste.&lt;ref&gt;Gormally, Mary Frances. Review essay of ''The House of Worth: Portrait of an Archive'', by Amy de la Haye and Valerie D. Mendes (V&amp;A Publishing, 2014). ''Fashion Theory'' 2017 (21, 1): 109–126. DOI: 10.1080/1362704X.2016.1179400.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|117}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

[[File:Aglets from Spanish portraits - collage by shakko.jpg|thumb|alt=A collage of 12 different ornaments typically worn by elite people from Spain in the 1500s and later|Aglets — Detail from Spanish Portraits]]
=== Berthe ===
Can be spelled ''bertha''.

A wide collar made of lace and gathered at the neckline, sometimes covering the arms. Lewandowski says,&lt;blockquote&gt;Wide collar popular on women's gowns. Accented dropped shoulder line. Often made of lace.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|29}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Aglet, Aiglet ===
Historically, an aglet is a &quot;point or metal piece that capped a string [or ribbon] used to attach two pieces of the garment together, i.e., sleeve and bodice.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Lewandowski, Elizabeth J. ''The Complete Costume Dictionary''. Scarecrow Press, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|4}} Although they were decorative, they were not always visible on the outside of the clothing. They were often stuffed inside the layers at the waist (for example, attaching the bodice to a skirt or breeches).

Alonso Sánchez Coello's c. 1584&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|316}} portrait (above right, in the [[Social Victorians/Terminology#16th Century|Hoops section]]) shows infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia wearing a vertugado, with its &quot;typically Spanish smooth cone-shaped contour,&quot; with &quot;handsome aiglets cascad[ing] down center front.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;Payne, Blanche. ''History of Costume from the Ancient Egyptians to the Twentieth Century''. Harper &amp; Row, 1965.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|315}}

=== Flounce ===
A ruffle that is gathered on one edge, the bottom edge is free. Flounces are typically part of the decoration on a skirt.

=== Frou-frou ===
[[File:SarahBernhardt alsKameliendame1881.jpg|left|thumb|Bernhardt, 1881]]
In French, ''frou-frou'' or, spelled as ''froufrou'', is the sound of the rustling of silk or sometimes of fabrics in general.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2023-07-25|title=frou-frou|url=https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=frou-frou&amp;oldid=32508509|journal=Wiktionnaire, le dictionnaire libre|language=fr}} https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/frou-frou.&lt;/ref&gt; The first use the French ''Wiktionnaire'' lists is Honoré Balzac, ''La Cousine Bette'', 1846.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-03|title=froufrou|url=https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=froufrou&amp;oldid=32330124|journal=Wiktionnaire, le dictionnaire libre|language=fr}} https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/froufrou.&lt;/ref&gt; ''Frou-frou'' is also a 1869 French drawing-room comedy by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-04-19|title=Henri Meilhac|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri_Meilhac&amp;oldid=1286340698|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and performed by Sarah Bernhardt in London in 1881 (Bernhardt, left, in costume ['''conflicting info, is a photo of Bernhardt in ''La Dame aux Camélias'' instead'''?]).

''Frou-frou'' is a term clothing historians use to describe decorative additions to an article of clothing; often the term has a slight negative connotation, suggesting that the additions are superficial and, perhaps, excessive.

=== Plastics ===
Small poufs of fabric connected in a strip in the 18th century, Rococo styles.

=== Pouf, Puff, Poof ===
According to the French ''Wikipédia'', a pouf was, beginning in 1744, a &quot;kind of women's hairstyle&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;The hairstyle in question, known as the “pouf”, had launched the reputation of the enterprising Rose Bertin, owner of the Grand Mogol, a very prominent fashion accessories boutique on Rue Saint-Honoré in Paris in 1774. Created in collaboration with the famous hairdresser, Monsieur Léonard, the pouf was built on a scaffolding of wire, fabric, gauze, horsehair, fake hair, and the client's own hair held up in an almost vertical position. — (Marie-Antoinette, ''Queen of Fashion'', translated from the American by Sylvie Lévy, in ''The Rules of the Game'', n° 40, 2009)&lt;/blockquote&gt;''Puff'' and ''poof'' are used to describe clothing.

=== Shirring ===
''Shirring'' is the gathering of fabric to make poufs or puffs. The 19th century is known for its use of this decorative technique. Even men's clothing had shirring: at the shoulder seam.

=== Sequins ===
Sequins, paillettes, spangles

Sequins — or paillettes — are &quot;small, scalelike glittering disks.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|216}} The French ''Wiktionnaire'' defines ''paillette'' as &quot;Lamelle de métal, brillante, mince, percée au milieu, ordinairement ronde, et qu’on applique sur une étoffe pour l’orner [A strip of metal, shiny, thin, pierced in the middle, usually round, and which is applied to a fabric in order to decorate it.]&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-03-18|title=paillette|url=https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=paillette&amp;oldid=33809572|journal=Wiktionnaire, le dictionnaire libre|language=fr}} https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/paillette.&lt;/ref&gt;

According to the ''OED'', the use of ''sequin'' as a decorative device for clothing (as opposed to gold coins minted and used for international trade) goes back to the 1850s.&lt;ref&gt;“Sequin, N.” ''Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford UP, September 2023,  https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/4074851670.&lt;/ref&gt; The first instance of ''spangle'' as &quot;A small round thin piece of glittering metal (usually brass) with a hole in the centre to pass a thread through, used for the decoration of textile fabrics and other materials of various sorts&quot; is from c. 1420.&lt;ref&gt;“Spangle, N. (1).” ''Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford UP, July 2023,  https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/4727197141.&lt;/ref&gt; The first use of ''paillette'' listed in the French ''Wiktionnaire'' is in Jules Verne in 1873 to describe colored spots on icy walls.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Currently many distinguish between sequins (which are smaller) and paillettes (which are larger).

Before the 20th century, sequins were metal discs or foil leaves, and so of course if they were silver or copper, they tarnished. It is not until well into the 20th century that plastics were invented and used for sequins.

=== Trim and Lace ===
''A History of Feminine Fashion'', published sometime before 1927 and probably commissioned by [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Worth, of Paris|the Maison Worth]], describes Charles Frederick Worth's contributions to the development of embroidery and [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Passementerie|passementerie]] (trim) from about the middle of the 19th century:&lt;blockquote&gt;For it must be remembered that one of M. Worth's most important and lasting contributions to the prosperity of those who cater for women's needs, as well as to the variety and elegance of his clients' garments, was his insistence on new fabrics, new trimmings, new materials of every description. In his endeavours to restore in Paris the splendours of the days of La Pompadour, and of Marie Antoinette, he found himself confronted at the outset with a grave difficulty, which would have proved unsurmountable to a man of less energy, resource and initiative. The magnificent materials of those days were no longer to be had! The Revolution had destroyed the market for beautiful materials of this, type, and the Restoration and regime of Louis Philippe had left a dour aspect in the City of Light. ... On parallel lines [to his development of better [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Satin|satin]]], [Worth] stimulated also the manufacture of embroidery and ''passementerie''. It was he who first started the manufacture of laces copied from the designs of the real old laces. He was the / first dressmaker to use fur in the trimming of light materials — but he employed only the richer furs, such as sable and ermine, and had no use whatever for the inferior varieties of skins.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;[Worth, House of.] {{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/AHistoryOfFeminineFashion|title=A History Of Feminine Fashion (1800s to 1920s)}} Before 1927. [Likely commissioned by Worth. Link is to Archive.org; info from Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Worth_Biarritz_salon.jpg.]&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|6–7}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==== Gold and Silver Fabric and Lace ====

The ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' (9th edition) has an article on gold and silver fabric, threads and lace attached to the article on gold. (This article is based on knowledge that would have been available toward the end of the 19th century and does not, obviously, reflect current knowledge or ways of talking.)&lt;blockquote&gt;GOLD AND SILVER LACE. Under this heading a general account may be given of the use of the precious metals in textiles of all descriptions into which they enter. That these metals were used largely in the sumptuous textiles of the earliest periods of civilization there is abundant testimony; and to this day, in the Oriental centres whence a knowledge and the use of fabrics inwoven, ornamented, and embroidered with gold and silver first spread, the passion for such brilliant and costly textiles is still most strongly and generally prevalent. The earliest mention of the use of gold in a woven fabric occurs in the description of the ephod made for Aaron (Exod. xxxix. 2, 3) — &quot;And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen. And they did beat the gold into thin plates, and cut it into wires (strips), to work it in the blue, and in the purple, and in the scarlet, and in the fine linen, with cunning work.&quot; In both the ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'' distinct allusion is frequently made to inwoven and embroidered golden textiles. Many circumstances point to the conclusion that the art of weaving and embroidering with gold and silver originated in India, where it is still principally prosecuted, and that from one great city to another the practice travelled westward, — Babylon, Tarsus, Baghdad, Damascus, the islands of Cyprus and Sicily, Con- / stantinople and Venice, all in the process of time becoming famous centres of these much prized manufactures. Alexander the Great found Indian kings and princes arrayed in robes of gold and purple; and the Persian monarch Darius, we are told, wore a war mantle of cloth of gold, on which were figured two golden hawks as if pecking at each other. There is reason, according to Josephus, to believe that the “royal apparel&quot; worn by Herod on the day of his death (Acts xii. 21) was a tissue of silver. Agrippina, the wife of the emperor Claudius, had a robe woven entirely of gold, and from that period downwards royal personages and high ecclesiastical dignitaries used cloth and tissues of gold and silver for their state and ceremonial robes, as well as for costly hangings and decorations. In England, at different periods, various names were applied to cloths of gold, as ciclatoun, tartarium, naques or nac, baudekiu or baldachin, Cyprus damask, and twssewys or tissue. The thin flimsy paper known as tissue paper, is so called because it originally was placed between the folds of gold &quot;tissue&quot; to prevent the contiguous surfaces from fraying each other. At what time the drawing of gold wire for the preparation of these textiles was first practised is not accurately known. The art was probably introduced and applied in different localities at widely different dates, but down till mediaeval times the method graphically described in the Pentateuch continued to be practised with both gold and silver.

Fabrics woven with gold and silver continue to be used on the largest scale to this day in India; and there the preparation of the varieties of wire, and the working of the various forms of lace, brocade, and embroidery, is at once an important and peculiar art. The basis of all modern fabrics of this kind is wire, the &quot;gold wire&quot; of the manufacturer being in all cases silver gilt wire, and silver wire being, of course, composed of pure silver. In India the wire is drawn by means of simple draw-plates, with rude and simple appliances, from rounded bars of silver, or gold-plated silver, as the case may be. The wire is flattened into the strip or ribbon-like form it generally assumes by passing it, fourteen or fifteen strands simultaneously, over a fine, smooth, round-topped anvil, and beating it as it passes with a heavy hammer having a slightly convex surface. From wire so flattened there is made in India soniri, a tissue or cloth of gold, the web or warp being composed entirely of golden strips, and ruperi, a similar tissue of silver. Gold lace is also made on a warp of thick yellow silk with a weft of flat wire, and in the case of ribbons the warp or web is composed of the metal. The flattened wires are twisted around orange (in the case of silver, white) coloured silk thread, so as completely to cover the thread and present the appearance of a continuous wire; and in this form it is chiefly employed for weaving into the rich brocades known as kincobs or kinkhábs. Wires flattened, or partially flattened, are also twisted into exceedingly fine spirals, and in this form they are the basis of numerous ornamental applications. Such spirals drawn out till they present a waved appearance, and in that state flattened, are much used for rich heavy embroideries termed karchobs. Spangles for embroideries, &amp;c., are made from spirals of comparatively stout wire, by cutting them down ring by ring, laying each C-like ring on an anvil, and by a smart blow with a hammer flattening it out into a thin round disk with a slit extending from the centre to one edge. Fine spirals are also used for general embroidery purposes. The demand for various kinds of loom-woven and embroidered gold and silver work in India is immense; and the variety of textiles so ornamented is also very great. &quot;Gold and silver,&quot; says Dr Birdwood in his ''Handbook to the British-Indian Section, Paris Exhibition'', 1878, &quot;are worked into the decoration of all the more costly loom-made garments and Indian piece goods, either on the borders only, or in stripes throughout, or in diapered figures. The gold-bordered loom embroideries are made chiefly at Sattara, and the gold or silver striped at Tanjore; the gold figured ''mashrus'' at Tanjore, Trichinopoly, and Hyderabad in the Deccau; and the highly ornamented gold-figured silks and gold and silver tissues principally at Ahmedabad, Benares, Murshedabad, and Trichinopoly.&quot;

Among the Western communities the demand for gold and silver lace and embroideries arises chiefly in connexion with naval and military uniforms, court costumes, public and private liveries, ecclesiastical robes and draperies, theatrical dresses, and the badges and insignia of various orders. To a limited extent there is a trade in gold wire and lace to India and China. The metallic basis of the various fabrics is wire round and flattened, the wire being of three kinds — 1st, gold wire, which is invariably silver gilt wire; 2d, copper gilt wire, used for common liveries and theatrical purposes; and 3d, silver wire. These wires are drawn by the ordinary processes, and the flattening, when done, is accomplished by passing the wire between a pair of revolving rollers of fine polished steel. The various qualities of wire are prepared and used in precisely the same way as in India, — round wire, flat wire, thread made of flat gold wire twisted round orange-coloured silk or cotton, known in the trade as &quot;orris,&quot; fine spirals and spangles, all being in use in the West as in the East. The lace is woven in the same manner as ribbons, and there are very numerous varieties in richness, pattern, and quality.  Cloth of gold, and brocades rich in gold and silver, are woven for ecclesiastical vestments and draperies.

The proportions of gold and silver in the gold thread for the lace trade varies, but in all cases the proportion of gold is exceedingly small. An ordinary gold lace wire is drawn from a bar containing 90 parts of silver and 7 of copper, coated with 3 parts of gold. On an average each ounce troy of a bar so plated is drawn into 1500 yards of wire; and therefore about 16 grains of gold cover a mile of wire. It is estimated that about 250,000 ounces of gold wire are made annually in Great Britain, of which about 20 per cent, is used for the headings of calico, muslin, &amp;c., and the remainder is worked up in the gold lace trade.&lt;ref&gt;William Chandler Roberts-Austen and H. Bauerman [W.C.R. — H.B.]. &quot;Gold and Silver Lace.&quot; In &quot;Gold.&quot; ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', 9th Edition (1875–1889). Vol. 10 (X). Adam and Charles Black (Publisher). https://archive.org/details/encyclopaedia-britannica-9ed-1875/Vol%2010%20%28G-GOT%29%20193592738.23/page/753/mode/1up (accessed January 2023): 753, Col. 2c – 754, Cols. 1a–b – 2a–b.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==== Honiton Lace ====

Kate Stradsin says,&lt;blockquote&gt;Honiton lace was the finest English equivalent of Brussels bobbin lace and was constructed in small ‘sprigs, in the cottages of lacemakers[.'] These sprigs were then joined together and bleached to form the large white flounces that were so sought after in the mid-nineteenth century.&lt;ref&gt;Strasdin, Kate. &quot;Rediscovering Queen Alexandra’s Wardrobe: The Challenges and Rewards of Object-Based Research.&quot; ''The Court Historian'' 24.2 (2019): 181-196. Rpt  http://repository.falmouth.ac.uk/3762/15/Rediscovering%20Queen%20Alexandra%27s%20Wardrobe.pdf: 13, and (for the little quotation) n. 37, which reads &quot;Margaret Tomlinson, ''Three Generations in the Honiton Lace Trade: A Family History'', self-published, 1983.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

[[File:Strook in Alençon naaldkant, 1750-1775.jpg|thumb|alt=A long piece of complex white lace with garlands, flowers and bows|Point d'Alençon lace, 1750-1775]]
==== Passementerie ====
''Passementerie'' is the French term for trim on clothing or furniture. The 19th century (especially during the First and Second Empire) was a time of great &quot;''exubérance''&quot; in passementerie in French design, including the development and widespread use of the Jacquard loom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-10|title=Passementerie|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Passementerie&amp;oldid=205068926|journal=Wikipédia|language=fr}} https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passementerie.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Point d'Alençon Lace ====
A lace made by hand using a number of complex steps and layers. The lacemakers build the point d'Alençon design on some kind of mesh and sometimes leave some of the mesh in as part of the lace and perhaps to provide structure.

Elizabeth Lewandowski defines point d'Alençon lace and Alençon lace separately. Point lace is needlepoint lace,&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|233}} so Alençon point is &quot;a two thread [needlepoint] lace.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|7}} Alençon lace has a &quot;floral design on [a] fine net ground [and is] referred to as [the] queen of French handmade needlepoint laces. The original handmade Alençon was a fine needlepoint lace made of linen thread.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|7}}

The sample of point d'Alençon lace (right), from 1750–1775, shows the linen mesh that the lace was constructed on.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://openfashion.momu.be/#9ce5f00e-8a06-4dab-a833-05c3371f3689|title=MoMu - Open Fashion|website=openfashion.momu.be|access-date=2024-02-26}} ModeMuseum Antwerpen. http://openfashion.momu.be/#9ce5f00e-8a06-4dab-a833-05c3371f3689.&lt;/ref&gt; The consistency in this sample suggests it may have been made by machine.

== Elastic ==
Elastic had been invented and was in use by the end of the 19th century. For the sense of &quot;Elastic cord or string, usually woven with india-rubber,&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;“elastic, adj. &amp; n.”.  ''Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford University Press,  September 2023, &lt;https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/1199670313&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt; the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' has usage examples beginning in 1847. The example for 1886 is vivid: &quot;The thorough-going prim man will always place a circle of elastic round his hair previous to putting on his college cap.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

== Fabric ==

=== Brocatelle ===
Brocatelle is a kind of brocade, more simple than most brocades because it uses fewer warp and weft threads and fewer colors to form the design. The article in the French ''Wikipédia'' defines it like this:&lt;blockquote&gt;La '''brocatelle''' est un type de tissu datant du &lt;abbr&gt;xvi&lt;sup&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/abbr&gt; siècle qui comporte deux chaînes et deux trames, au minimum. Il est composé pour que le dessin ressorte avec un relief prononcé, grâce à la chaîne sur un fond en sergé. Les brocatelles les plus anciennes sont toujours fabriquées avec une des trames en lin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2023-06-01|title=Brocatelle|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brocatelle&amp;oldid=204796410|journal=Wikipédia|language=fr}} https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brocatelle.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Which translates to this:&lt;blockquote&gt;Brocatelle is a type of fabric dating from the 16th century that has two warps and two wefts, at a minimum. It is composed so that the design stands out with a pronounced relief, thanks to the weft threads on a twill background. The oldest brocades were always made with one of the wefts being linen.&lt;/blockquote&gt;The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' says, brocatelle is an &quot;imitation of brocade, usually made of silk or wool, used for tapestry, upholstery, etc., now also for dresses. Both the nature and the use of the stuff have changed&quot; between the late 17th century and 1888, the last time this definition was revised.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;brocatelle, n.&quot; ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, March 2023, www.oed.com/view/Entry/23550. Accessed 4 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Broché ===
Lewandowski says, &quot;to be woven with a raised figure or to be embossed.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|39}} In English, the word might be spelled with or without the acute accent on the final ''e''. Generally, the term was used loosely to describe fabric with a pattern woven into it, either in the same color or a color different from that of the background. That is, the weave that produces the pattern is different from the weave that produces the background.

S. F. A. Caulfeild and B. C. Saward published this definition of ''broché'' in their 1887 ''Dictionary of Needlework'', according to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (the ''face'' being the side of the fabric facing the viewer):&lt;blockquote&gt;Broché. A French term denoting a velvet or silk textile, with a satin figure thrown up on the face.&lt;ref&gt;“Broché, Adj.” ''Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford UP, December 2024, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/1054215522.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
=== Chiffon ===
A lightweight, somewhat sheer silk fabric, chiffon would have been worn only by the social elite at the end of the 19th century.&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-10-12|title=Chiffon (fabric)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chiffon_(fabric)&amp;oldid=1316464288|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Synthetic fibers were not invented until the 20th century — nylon chiffon in 1938 and polyester chiffon not until 1958.&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot; /&gt;

=== Ciselé ===

=== Crape ===
The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' distinguishes the use of ''crêpe'' (using a circumflex rather than an acute accent over the first ''e'') from ''crape'' in textiles, saying ''crêpe'' is &quot;often borrowed [from the French] as a term for all crapy fabrics other than ordinary [[Social Victorians/Mourning|black mourning crape]],&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;&quot;crêpe, n.&quot; ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, December 2022, www.oed.com/view/Entry/44242. Accessed 10 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; with usage examples ranging from 1797 to the mid 20th century. This distinction seems more prescriptive than descriptive since texts from the 19th century to now do not make it reliably. Sometimes 19th-century newspapers put an acute accent on the ''e'' and spelled it crépe.

The fabric used for full mourning was black crape, a fabric with a dull texture, but writers continue to vary in how to spell it. Julia Baird uses ''crêpe'', defining it as &quot;a thick black rustling material made of silk, crimped to make it look dull.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Baird, Julia. ''Victoria the Queen, an Intimate Biography of the Woman Who Ruled an Empire''. Random House, 2016. https://books.apple.com/us/book/victoria-the-queen/id953835024.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|584 of 1203}}

However it is spelled, crêpe is&lt;blockquote&gt;Any number of fabrics with characteristic crinkled or puckered surface.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; (77)&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==== Crepe de Chine ====
Crêpe de chine, the ''OED'' says, is &quot;a white or other coloured crape made of raw silk.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot; /&gt; Lewandowski defines it as &quot;a very lightweight, fine, plain weave silk fabric. ... Introduced in 1866, China crepe with soft, silky surface.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; (77) 

==== Crepon de Chine ====
Crepon is a fabric heavier than the usual crape but treated like crape to be crinkly. Lewandowski says,&lt;blockquote&gt;Introduced in 1882, wool, silk, or blend fabric like very heavy crepe. ... Gay Nineties (1890–1900 C.E.). Popular in 1890s, woolen fabric creped to appear puffed between stripes [or] squares.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; (77)&lt;/blockquote&gt;According to Lewandowski, ''crepon'' can also be another word for bustle (1865–1890 C.E. to present).&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; (77)

=== Crinoline ===
Technically, crinoline was a fabric made mostly of horsehair and sometimes linen, stiffened with starch or glue, similar to buckram today, used in men's military collars and [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Crinolines|women's foundation garments]]. Lewandowski defines crinoline as &lt;blockquote&gt;(1840–1865 C.E.). France. Originally horsehair cloth used for officers' collars. Later used for women's underskirts to support skirts. Around 1850, replaced by many petticoats, starched and boned. Around 1856, [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Crinoline Hoops|light metal cage]] was developed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|78}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;The term has been used so consistently for the cage first introduced in the 1850s that held the skirt out from the body, however, that it is important to say ''crinoline cage'' or ''crinoline fabric'' or ''crinoline petticoat'' to be clear.

=== Épinglé Velvet ===
Often spelled ''épingle'' rather than ''épinglé'', this term appears to have been used for a fabric made of wool, or at least wool along with linen or cotton, that was heavier and stiffer than silk velvet. It was associated with outer garments and men's clothing. Nowadays, épinglé velvet is an upholstery fabric in which the pile is cut into designs and patterns, and the portrait of [[Social Victorians/People/Douglas-Hamilton Duke of Hamilton|Mary, Duchess of Hamilton]] shows a mantle described as épinglé velvet that does seem to be a velvet with a woven pattern perhaps cut into the pile. 

=== Lace ===
While lace also functioned sometimes as fabric — at the décolletage, for example, on the stomacher or as a veil — here we organize it as a [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Trim and Lace|part of the elaboration of clothing]].

=== Liberty Fabrics ===

=== Lisse ===
According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', the term ''lisse'' as a &quot;kind of silk gauze&quot; was used in the 19th-century UK and US.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;lisse, n.1.&quot; ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, March 2023, www.oed.com/view/Entry/108978. Accessed 4 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Muslin ===
=== Satin ===
The pre-1927 ''History of Feminine Fashion'', probably commissioned by Charles Frederick Worth's sons, describes Worth's &quot;insistence on new fabrics, new trimmings, new materials of every description&quot; at the beginning of his career in the mid 19th century:&lt;blockquote&gt;When Worth first entered the business of dressmaking, the only materials of the richer sort used for woman's dress were velvet, faille, and watered silk. Satin, for example, was never used. M. Worth desired to use satin very extensively in the gowns he designed, but he was not satisfied with what could be had at the time; he wanted something very much richer than was produced by the mills at Lyons. That his requirements entailed the reconstruction of mills mattered little — the mills were reconstructed under his directions, and the Lyons looms turned out a richer satin than ever, and the manufacturers prospered accordingly.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;{{rp|6 in printed, 26 in digital book}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Selesia ===
According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', ''silesia'' is &quot;A fine linen or cotton fabric originally manufactured in Silesia in what is now Germany (''Schlesien'').&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Silesia, n.&quot; ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, December 2022, www.oed.com/view/Entry/179664. Accessed 9 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; It may have been used as a lining — for pockets, for example — in garments made of more luxurious or more expensive cloth. The word ''sleazy'' — &quot;Of textile fabrics or materials: Thin or flimsy in texture; having little substance or body.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;sleazy, adj.&quot; ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, December 2022, www.oed.com/view/Entry/181563. Accessed 9 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; — may be related.

=== Shot Fabric ===
According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', &quot;Of a textile fabric: Woven with warp-threads of one colour and weft-threads of another, so that the fabric (usually silk) changes in tint when viewed from different points.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;“Shot, ''Adj.''”  ''Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford UP,  July 2023,  https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/2977164390.&lt;/ref&gt; A shot fabric might also be made of silk and cotton fibers.

=== Tissue ===
A lightly woven fabric like gauze or chiffon. The light weave can make the fabric translucent and make pleating and gathering flatter and less bulky. Tissue can be woven to be shot, sheer, stiff or soft.

Historically, the term in English was used for a &quot;rich kind of cloth, often interwoven with gold or silver&quot; or &quot;various rich or fine fabrics of delicate or gauzy texture.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;“Tissue, N.” ''Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford UP, March 2024, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/5896731814.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tulle ===
In the 19th century, tulle — a very fine net — was a sheer woven tissue made of linen or silk. Tulle looms were invented in the late 18th century,&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-09-04|title=Tulle (tissu)|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tulle_(tissu)&amp;oldid=228712045|journal=Wikipédia|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the fabric &quot;first made by machine in 1768 in Nottingham.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|299}} By 1802 English tulle was recognized as higher quality than French tulle, even though the fabric is named for the French city.&lt;ref name=&quot;:23&quot; /&gt;

Tulle is still used today, but it is usually made of synthetic fabric.&lt;blockquote&gt;It is a finer textile than the textile referred to as &quot;net&quot;. ...

It can be made of various fibres, including silk, nylon, polyester and rayon. Polyester is the most common fibre used for tulle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-08-05|title=Tulle (netting)|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tulle_(netting)&amp;oldid=1304416320|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Victorian silk tulle would not have been stiff unless it was treated with sizing.

== Fan ==

The ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' (9th edition) has an article on the fan. (This article is based on knowledge that would have been available toward the end of the 19th century and does not, obviously, reflect current knowledge or ways of talking.)&lt;blockquote&gt;FAN (Latin, ''vannus''; French, ''éventail''), a light implement used for giving motion to the air. ''Ventilabrum'' and ''flabellum'' are names under which ecclesiastical fans are mentioned in old inventories. Fans for cooling the face have been in use in hot climates from remote ages. A bas-relief in the British Museum represents Sennacherib with female figures carrying feather fans. They were attributes of royalty along with horse-hair fly-flappers and umbrellas. Examples may be seen in plates of the Egyptian sculptures at Thebes and other places, and also in the ruins of Persepolis. In the museum of Boulak, near Cairo, a wooden fan handle showing holes for feathers is still preserved. It is from the tomb of Amen-hotep, of the 18th dynasty, 17th century &lt;small&gt;B&lt;/small&gt;.&lt;small&gt;C&lt;/small&gt;. In India fans were also attributes of men in authority, and sometimes sacred emblems. A heartshaped fan, with an ivory handle, of unknown age, and held in great veneration by the Hindus, was given to the prince of Wales. Large punkahs or screens, moved by a servant who does nothing else, are in common use by Europeans in India at this day.

Fans were used in the early Middle Ages to keep flies from the sacred elements during the celebrations of the Christian mysteries. Sometimes they were round, with bells attached — of silver, or silver gilt. Notices of such fans in the ancient records of St Paul’s, London, Salisbury cathedral, and many other churches, exist still. For these purposes they are no longer used in the Western church, though they are retained in some Oriental rites. The large feather fans, however, are still carried in the state processions of the supreme pontiff in Rome, though not used during the celebration of the mass. The fan of Queen Theodolinda (7th century) is still preserved in the treasury of the cathedral of Monza. Fans made part of the bridal outfit, or ''mundus muliebris'', of ancient Roman ladies.

Folding fans had their origin in Japan, and were imported thence to China. They were in the shape still used—a segment of a circle of paper pasted on a light radiating frame-work of bamboo, and variously decorated, some in colours, others of white paper on which verses or sentences are written. It is a compliment in China to invite a friend or distinguished guest to write some sentiment on your fan as a memento of any special occasion, and this practice has continued. A fan that has some celebrity in France was presented by the Chinese ambassador to the Comtesse de Clauzel at the coronation of Napoleon I. in 1804. When a site was given in 1635, on an artificial island, for the settlement of Portuguese merchants in Nippo in Japan, the space was laid out in the form of a fan as emblematic of an object agreeable for general use. Men and women of every rank both in China and Japan carry fans, even artisans using them with one hand while working with the other. In China they are often made of carved ivory, the sticks being plates very thin and sometimes carved on both sides, the intervals between the carved parts pierced with astonishing delicacy, and the plates held together by a ribbon. The Japanese make the two outer guards of the stick, which cover the others, occasionally of beaten iron, extremely thin and light, damascened with gold and other metals.

Fans were used by Portuguese ladies in the 14th century, and were well known in England before the close of the reign of Richard II. In France the inventory of Charles V. at the end of the 14th century mentions a folding ivory fan. They were brought into general use in that country by Catherine de’ Medici, probably from Italy, then in advance of other countries in all matters of personal luxury. The court ladies of Henry VIII.’s reign in England were used to handling fans, A lady in the Dance of Death by Holbein holds a fan. Queen Elizabeth is painted with a round leather fan in her portrait at Gorhambury; and as many as twenty-seven are enumerated in her inventory (1606). Coryat, an English traveller, in 1608 describes them as common in Italy. They also became of general use from that time in Spain. In Italy, France, and Spain fans had special conventional uses, and various actions in handling them grew into a code of signals, by which ladies were supposed to convey hints or signals to admirers or to rivals in society. A paper in the ''Spectator'' humorously  proposes to establish a regular drill for these purposes.

The chief seat of the European manufacture of fans during the 17th century was Paris, where the sticks or frames, whether of wood or ivory, were made, and the decorations painted on mounts of very carefully prepared vellum (called latterly ''chicken skin'', but not correctly), — a material stronger and tougher than paper, which breaks at the folds. Paris makers exported fans unpainted to Madrid and other Spanish cities, where they were decorated by native artists. Many were exported complete; of old fans called Spanish a great number were in fact made in France. Louis XIV. issued edicts at various times to regulate the manufacture. Besides fans mounted with parchment, Dutch fans of ivory were imported into Paris, and decorated by the heraldic painters in the process called “Vernis Martin,” after a famous carriage painter and inventor of colourless lac varnish. Fans of this kind belonging to the Queen and to the late baroness de Rothschild were exhibited in 1870 at Kensington. A fan of the date of 1660, representing sacred subjects, is attributed to Philippe de Champagne, another to Peter Oliver in England in the / 17th century. Cano de Arevalo, a Spanish painter of the 17th century devoted himself to fan painting. Some harsh expressions of Queen Christina to the young ladies of the French court are said to have caused an increased ostentation in the splendour of their fans, which were set with jewels and mounted in gold. Rosalba Carriera was the name of a fan painter of celebrity in the 17th century. Lebrun and Romanelli were much employed during the same period. Klingstet, a Dutch artist, enjoyed a considerable reputation for his fans from the latter part of the 17th and the first thirty years of the 18th century.

The revocation of the edict of Nantes drove many fan-makers out of France to Holland and England. The trade in England was well established under the Stuart sovereigns. Petitions were addressed by the fan-makers to Charles II. against the importation of fans from India, and a duty was levied upon such fans in consequence. This importation of Indian fans, according to Savary, extended also to France. During the reign of Louis XV. carved Indian and China fans displaced to some extent those formerly imported from Italy, which had been painted on swanskin parchment prepared with various perfumes.

During the 18th century all the luxurious ornamentation of the day was bestowed on fans as far as they could display it. The sticks were made of mother-of-pearl or ivory, carved with extraordinary skill in France, Italy, England, and other countries. They were painted from designs of Boucher, Watteau, Lancret, and other &quot;genre&quot; painters, Hébert, Rau, Chevalier, Jean Boquet, Mad. Verité, are known as fan painters. These fashions were followed in most countries of Europe, with certain national differences. Taffeta and silk, as well as fine parchment, were used for the mounts. Little circles of glass were let into the stick to be looked through, and small telescopic glasses were sometimes contrived at the pivot of the stick. They were occasionally mounted with the finest point lace. An interesting fan (belonging to Madame de Thiac in France), the work of Le Flamand, was presented by the municipality of Dieppe to Marie Antoinette on the birth of her son the dauphin. From the time of the Revolution the old luxury expended on fans died out. Fine examples ceased to be exported to England and other countries. The painting on them represented scenes or personages connected with political events. At a later period fan mounts were often prints coloured by hand. The events of the day mark the date of many examples found in modern collections. Amongst the fanmakers of the present time the names of Alexandre, Duvelleroy, Fayet, Vanier, may be mentioned as well known in Paris. The sticks are chiefly made in the department of Oise, at Le Déluge, Crèvecœur, Méry, Ste Geneviève, and other villages, where whole families are engaged in preparing them; ivory sticks are carved at Dieppe. Water-colour painters of distinction often design and paint the mounts, the best designs being figure subjects. A great impulse has been given to the manufacture and painting of fans in England since the exhibition which took place at South Kensington in 1870. Other exhibitions have since been held, and competitive prizes offered, one of which was gained by the Princess Louise. Modern collections of fans take their date from the emigration of many noble families from France at the time of the Revolution. Such objects were given as souvenirs and occasionally sold by families in straitened circumstances. A large number of fans of all sorts, principally those of the 18th century, French, English, German, Italian Spanish, &amp;c., have been lately bequeathed to the South Kensington Museum.

Regarding the different parts of folding fans it may be well to state that the sticks are called in French ''brins'', the two outer guards ''panaches'', and the mount ''feuille''.&lt;ref&gt;J. H. Pollen [J.H.P.]. &quot;Fan.&quot; ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', 9th Edition (1875–1889). Vol. '''10''' ('''X'''). Adam and Charles Black (Publisher). https://archive.org/details/encyclopaedia-britannica-9ed-1875/Vol%209%20%28FAL-FYZ%29%20193323016.23/page/26/mode/2up (accessed January 2023): 27, Col. 1b – 28, Col. 1c.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Folding fans were available and popular early and are common accessories in portraits of fashionable women through the centuries.

== Costumes for Theatre and Fancy Dress ==
Fancy-dress (or costume) balls were popular and frequent in the U.K. and France as well as the rest of Europe and North America during the 19th century. The themes and styles of the fancy-dress balls influenced those that followed. 

At the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 1897 fancy-dress ball]], the guests came dressed in costume from times before 1820, as instructed on '''the invitation''', but their clothing was much more about late-Victorian standards of beauty and fashion than the standards of whatever time period the portraits they were copying or basing their costumes on. 

=== Fancy Dress ===
In her ''Magnificent Entertainments: Fancy Dress Balls of Canada's Governors General, 1876-1898'', Cynthia Cooper describes the resources available to those needing help making a costume for a fancy-dress ball:&lt;blockquote&gt;There were a number of places eager ballgoers could turn for assistance and inspiration. Those with a scholarly bent might pore over history books or study pictures of paintings or other works of art. For more direct advice, one could turn to the barrage of published information specifically on fancy dress. Women’s magazines such as ''Godey’s Lady’s Book'' and ''The Englishwoman’s Domestic Magazine'' sometimes featured fancy dress designs and articles, and enticing specialized books were available with extensive recommendations for choosing fancy dress. By far the most complete sources were the books by [[Social Victorians/People/Ardern Holt|Ardern Holt]], a prolific British authority on the subject. Holt’s book for women, ''Fancy Dresses Described, or What to Wear at Fancy Balls'' (published in six editions between 1879 and 1896), began with the query, ‘‘But what are we to wear?” Holt’s companion book, ''Gentlemen’s Fancy Dress:'' ''How to Choose It'', was also published in six editions from 1882 to 1905. Other prominent authorities included Mrs. Aria’s ''Costume: Fanciful, Historical, and Theatrical'' and, in the US, the Butterick Company’s ''Masquerade and Carnival: Their Customs and Costumes''. The Butterick publication relied heavily on Holt, copying large sections of the introduction outright and paraphrasing other sections.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;Cooper, Cynthia. ''Magnificent entertainments: fancy dress balls of Canada's Governors General, 1876-1898''.Fredericton, N.B.; Hull, Quebec: Goose Lane Editions and Canadian Museum of Civilization, 1997. Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/magnificententer0000coop/.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|28–29}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Cynthia Cooper discusses how &quot;historical accuracy&quot; works in historical fiction and historical dress: &lt;blockquote&gt;A seemingly accurate costume and coiffure bespoke a cultured individual whose most gratifying compliment would be “historically correct.” Those who were fortunate enough to own actual clothing from an earlier period might wear it with pride as a historical relic, though they would generally adapt or remake it in keeping with the aesthetics of their own period. Historical accuracy was always in the eye of beholders inclined to overlook elements of current fashion in a historical costume. Theatre had long taught the public that if a costume appeared tasteful and attractive, it could be assumed to be accurate. Even at Queen Victoria’s fancy dress balls, costume silhouette was always far more like the fashionable dress of the period than of the time portrayed. For this reason, many extant eighteenth-century dresses show evidence of extensive alterations done in the nineteenth century, no doubt for fancy dress purposes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;{{rp|25}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The newspaper ''The Queen'' published dress and fashion information and advice under the byline of [[Social Victorians/People/Ardern Holt|Ardern Holt]], who regularly answered questions from readers about fashion as well as about fancy dress. Holt also wrote entire articles with suggestions for what might make an appealing fancy-dress costume as well as pointing readers away from costumes that had been worn too frequently. The suggestions for costumes are based on familiar types or portraits available to readers, similar to Holt's books on fancy dress, which ran through a number of editions in the 1880s and 1890s. Fancy-dress questions sometimes asked for details about costumes worn in theatrical or operatic productions, which Holt provides. 

In November 1897, Holt refers to the Duchess of Devonshire's 2 July ball: &quot;Since the famous fancy ball, given at Devonshire House during this year, historical fancy dresses have assumed a prominence that they had not hitherto known.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Holt, Ardern. &quot;Fancy Dress a la Mode.&quot; The ''Queen'' 27 November 1897, Saturday: 94 [of 145 in BNA; print p. 1026], Col. 1a [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive''  https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0002627/18971127/459/0094.&lt;/ref&gt; Holt goes on to provide a number of ideas for costumes for historical fancy dress, as always with a strong leaning toward Victorian standards of beauty and style and away from any concern for historical accuracy.

As Leonore Davidoff says, &quot;Every cap, bow, streamer, ruffle, fringe, bustle, glove and other elaboration symbolised some status category for the female wearer.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;{{rp|93}} [handled under [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Elaborations|Elaborations]]]

=== Historical Accuracy ===
Many of the costumes at the ball were based on portraits, especially when the guest was dressed as a historical figure. If possible, we have found the portraits likely to have been the originals, or we have found, if possible, portraits that show the subjects from the two time periods at similar ages.

The way clothing was cut changed quite a bit between the 18th and 19th centuries. We think of Victorian clothing — particularly women's clothing, and particularly at the end of the century — as inflexible and restrictive, especially compared to 20th- and 21st-century customs permitting freedom of movement. The difference is generally evolutionary rather than absolute — that is, as time has passed since the 18th century, clothing has allowed an increasingly greater range of movement, especially for people who did not do manual labor.

By the end of the 19th century, garments like women's bodices and men's coats were made fitted and smooth by attention to the grain of the fabric and by the use of darts (rather than techniques that assembled many small, individual pieces of fabric).

* clothing construction and flat-pattern techniques
* Generally, the further back in time we go, the more 2-dimensional the clothing itself was.

==== Women's Versions of Historical Accuracy at the Ball ====
As always with this ball, whatever historical accuracy might be present in a woman's costume is altered so that the wearer is still a fashionable Victorian lady. What makes the costumes look &quot;Victorian&quot; to our eyes is the line of the silhouette caused by the foundation undergarments as well as the many &quot;elaborations&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;{{rp|93}}, mostly in the decorations, trim and accessories. 

Also, the clothing hangs and drapes differently because the fabric was cut on grain and the shoulders were freed by the way the sleeves were set in. 

==== Men's Versions of Historical Accuracy at the Ball ====
Because men were not wearing a Victorian foundation garment at the end of the century, the men's costumes at the ball are more historically accurate in some ways.

* Trim
* Mixing neck treatments
* Hair
* Breeches
* Shoes and boots
* Military uniforms, arms, gloves, boots

== Feathers and Plumes ==

=== Aigrette ===
Elizabeth Lewandowski defines ''aigrette'' as &quot;France. Feather or plume from an egret or heron.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|5}} Sometimes the newspapers use the term to refer to an accessory (like a fan or ornament on a hat) that includes such a feather or plume. The straight and tapered feathers in an aigrette are in a bundle.

=== Prince of Wales's Feathers or White Plumes ===
The feathers in an aigrette came from egrets and herons; Prince of Wales's feathers came from ostriches. A fuller discussion of Prince of Wales's feathers and the white ostrich plumes worn at court appears on [[Social Victorians/Victorian Things#Ostrich Feathers and Prince of Wales's Feathers|Victorian Things]].

For much of the late 18th and 19th centuries, white ostrich plumes were central to fashion at court, and at a certain point in the late 18th century they became required for women being presented to the monarch and for their sponsors. Our purpose here is to understand why women were wearing plumes at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 1897 fancy-dress ball]] as part of their costumes.

First published in 1893, [[Social Victorians/People/Lady Colin Campbell|Lady Colin Campbell]]'s ''Manners and Rules of Good Society'' (1911 edition) says that&lt;blockquote&gt;It was compulsory for both Married and Unmarried Ladies to Wear Plumes. The married lady’s Court plume consisted of three white feathers. An unmarried lady’s of two white feathers. The three white feathers should be mounted as a Prince of Wales plume and worn towards the left hand side of the head. Colored feathers may not be worn. In deep mourning, white feathers must be worn, black feathers are inadmissible.

White veils or lace lappets must be worn with the feathers. The veils should not be longer than 45 inches.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.edwardianpromenade.com/etiquette/the-court-presentation/|title=The Court Presentation|last=Holl|first=Evangeline|date=2007-12-07|website=Edwardian Promenade|language=en-US|access-date=2022-12-18}} https://www.edwardianpromenade.com/etiquette/the-court-presentation/.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;[[Social Victorians/Victorian Things#Ostrich Feathers and Prince of Wales's Feathers|This fashion was imported from France]] in the mid 1770s.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Abstract&quot; for Blackwell, Caitlin. &quot;'&lt;nowiki/&gt;''The Feather'd Fair in a Fright''': The Emblem of the Feather in Graphic Satire of 1776.&quot; ''Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies'' 20 January 2013 (Vol. 36, Issue 3): 353-376. ''Wiley Online'' DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-0208.2012.00550.x (accessed November 2022).&lt;/ref&gt;

Separately, a secondary heraldic emblem of the Prince of Wales has been a specific arrangement of 3 ostrich feathers in a gold coronet&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-11-07|title=Prince of Wales's feathers|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers&amp;oldid=1120556015|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Wales's_feathers.&lt;/ref&gt; since King Edward III (1312–1377&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-12-14|title=Edward III of England|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_III_of_England&amp;oldid=1127343221|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England.&lt;/ref&gt;).

Some women at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 1897 fancy-dress ball]] wore white ostrich feathers in their hair, but most of them are not Prince of Wales's feathers. Most of the plumes in these portraits are arrangements of some kind of headdress to accompany the costume. A few, wearing what looks like the Princes of Wales's feathers, might be signaling that their character is royal or has royal ancestry. '''One of the women [which one?] was presented to the royals at this ball?'''

Here is the list of women who are wearing white ostrich plumes in their portraits in the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball/Photographs|''Diamond Jubilee Fancy Dress Ball'' album of 286 photogravure portraits]]:

# Kathleen Pelham-Clinton, the [[Social Victorians/People/Newcastle|Duchess of Newcastle]]
# [[Social Victorians/People/Louisa Montagu Cavendish|Luise Cavendish]], the Duchess of Devonshire
# Jesusa Murrieta del Campo Mello y Urritio (née Bellido), [[Social Victorians/People/Santurce|Marquisa de Santurce]]
# Lady [[Social Victorians/People/Farquhar|Emilie Farquhar]]
# Princess (Laura Williamina Seymour) Victor of  [[Social Victorians/People/Gleichen#Laura%20Williamina%20Seymour%20of%20Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Hohenlohe Langenburg]]
# Louisa Acheson, [[Social Victorians/People/Gosford|Lady Gosford]]
# Alice Emily White Coke, [[Social Victorians/People/Leicester|Viscountess Coke]]
# Lady Mary Stewart, Helen Mary Theresa [[Social Victorians/People/Londonderry|Vane-Tempest-Stewart]]
#[[Social Victorians/People/Consuelo Vanderbilt Spencer-Churchill|Consuelo Vanderbilt Spencer-Churchill]], Duchess of [[Social Victorians/People/Marlborough|Marlborough]], dressed as the wife of the French Ambassador at the Court of Catherine of Russia (not white, but some color that reads dark in the black-and-white photograph)
#Mrs. Mary [[Social Victorians/People/Chamberlain|Chamberlain]] (at 491), wearing white plumes, as Madame d'Epinay
#Lady Clementine [[Social Victorians/People/Tweeddale|Hay]] (at 629), wearing white plumes, as St. Bris (''Les Huguenots'')
#[[Social Victorians/People/Meysey-Thompson|Lady Meysey-Thompson]] (at 391), wearing white plumes, as Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
#Mrs. [[Social Victorians/People/Grosvenor|Algernon (Catherine) Grosvenor]] (at 510), wearing white plumes, as Marie Louise
#Lady [[Social Victorians/People/Ancaster|Evelyn Ewart]], at 401), wearing white plumes, as the Duchess of Ancaster, Mistress of the Robes to Queen Charlotte, 1757, after a picture by Hudson
#[[Social Victorians/People/Lyttelton|Edith Sophy Balfour Lyttelton]] (at 580), wearing what might be white plumes on a large-brimmed white hat, after a picture by Romney
#[[Social Victorians/People/Yznaga|Emilia Yznaga]] (at 360), wearing what might be white plumes, as Cydalise of the Comedie Italienne from the time of Louis XV
#Lady [[Social Victorians/People/Ilchester|Muriel Fox Strangways]] (at 403), wearing what might be two smallish white plumes, as Lady Sarah Lennox, one of the bridesmaids of Queen Charlotte A.D. 1761
#Lady [[Social Victorians/People/Lucan|Violet Bingham]] (at 586), wearing perhaps one white plume in a headdress not related to the Prince of Wales's feathers
#Rosamond Fellowes, [[Social Victorians/People/de Ramsey|Lady de Ramsey]] (at 329), wearing a headdress that includes some white plumes, as Lady Burleigh
#[[Social Victorians/People/Dupplin|Agnes Blanche Marie Hay-Drummond]] (at 682), in a big headdress topped with white plumes, as Mademoiselle Andrée de Taverney A.D. 1775
#Florence Canning, [[Social Victorians/People/Garvagh|Lady Garvagh]] (at 336), wearing what looks like Prince of Wales's plumes
#[[Social Victorians/People/Suffolk|Marguerite Hyde &quot;Daisy&quot; Leiter]] (at 684), wearing what looks like Prince of Wales's plumes
#Lady [[Social Victorians/People/Spicer|Margaret Spicer]] (at 281), wearing one smallish white and one black plume, as Countess Zinotriff, Lady-in-Waiting to the Empress Catherine of Russia
#Mrs. [[Social Victorians/People/Cavendish Bentinck|Arthur James]] (at 318), wearing what looks like Prince of Wales's plumes, as Elizabeth Cavendish, daughter of Bess of Hardwick
#Nellie, [[Social Victorians/People/Kilmorey|Countess of Kilmorey]] (at 207), wearing three tall plumes, 2 white and one dark, as Comtesse du Barri
#Daisy, [[Social Victorians/People/Warwick|Countess of Warwick]] (at 53), wearing at least 1 white plume, as Marie Antoinette

More men than women were wearing plumes reminiscent of the Prince of Wales's feathers:

*

==== Bibliography for Plumes and Prince of Wales's Feathers ====
* Blackwell, Caitlin. &quot;'''The Feather'd Fair in a Fright'&lt;nowiki/&gt;'': The Emblem of the Feather in Graphic Satire of 1776.&quot; Journal for ''Eighteenth-Century Studies'' 20 January 2013 (Vol. 36, Issue 3): 353-376. Wiley Online DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-0208.2012.00550.x.
* &quot;Prince of Wales's feathers.&quot; ''Wikipedia'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%27s_feathers (accessed November 2022). ['''Add women to this page''']
* Simpson, William. &quot;On the Origin of the Prince of Wales' Feathers.&quot; ''Fraser's magazine'' 617 (1881): 637-649. Hathi Trust https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.79253140&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=643&amp;q1=feathers (accessed December 2022). Deals mostly with use of feathers in other cultures and in antiquity; makes brief mention of feathers and plumes in signs and pub names that may not be associated with the Prince of Wales. No mention of the use of plumes in women's headdresses or court dress.

== Honors ==

=== The Bath ===
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (GCB, Knight or Dame Grand Cross; KCB or DCB, Knight or Dame Commander; CB, Companion)

=== The Garter ===
The Most Noble Order of the Knights of the Garter (KG, Knight Companion; LG, Lady Companion)

[[File:The Golden Fleece - collar exhibited at MET, NYC.jpg|thumb|The Golden Fleece collar and pendant for the 2019 &quot;Last Knight&quot; exhibition at the MET, NYC.|alt=Recent photograph of a gold necklace on a wide band, with a gold skin of a sheep hanging from it as a pendant]]
=== The Golden Fleece ===
To wear the golden fleece is to wear the insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece, said to be &quot;the most prestigious and historic order of chivalry in the world&quot; because of its long history and strict limitations on membership.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-09-25|title=Order of the Golden Fleece|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece&amp;oldid=980340875|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The monarchs of the U.K. were members of the originally Spanish order, as were others who could afford it, like the Duke of Wellington,&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;Thompson, R[obert]. H[ugh]. &quot;The Golden Fleece in Britain.&quot; Publication of the ''British Numismatic Society''. 2009 https://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%20BNJ/pdfs/2009_BNJ_79_8.pdf (accessed January 2023).&lt;/ref&gt; the first Protestant to be admitted to the order.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; Founded in 1429/30 by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, the order separated into two branches in 1714, one Spanish and the other Austrian, still led by the House of Habsburg.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;

[[File:Prince Albert - Franz Xaver Winterhalter 1842.jpg|thumb|1842 Winterhalter portrait of Prince Albert wearing the insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 1842|left|alt=1842 Portrait of Prince Albert by Winterhalter, wearing the insignia of the Golden Fleece]]
The photograph (upper right) is of a Polish badge dating from the &quot;turn of the XV and XVI centuries.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Polski:  Kolana orderowa orderu Złotego Runa, przełom XV i XVI wieku.|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Golden_Fleece_-_collar_exhibited_at_MET,_NYC.jpg|date=2019-11-10|accessdate=2023-01-10|last=Wulfstan}}. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Golden_Fleece_-_collar_exhibited_at_MET,_NYC.jpg.&lt;/ref&gt; The collar to this Golden Fleece might be similar to the one the [[Social Victorians/People/Spencer Compton Cavendish#The Insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece|Duke of Devonshire is wearing in the 1897 Lafayette portrait]].

The badges and collars that Knights of the Order actually wore vary quite a bit.

The 1842 Franz Xaver Winterhalter portrait (left) of Prince Consort Albert, Victoria's husband and father of the Prince of Wales, shows him wearing the Golden Fleece on a red ribbon around his neck and the star of the Garter on the front of his coat.&lt;ref&gt;Winterhalter, Franz Xaver. ''Prince Albert''. {{Cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/16/collection/401412/prince-albert-1819-61|title=Explore the Royal Collection Online|website=www.rct.uk|access-date=2023-01-16}} https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/16/collection/401412/prince-albert-1819-61.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Royal Victorian Order ===
(GCVO, Knight or Dame Grand Cross; KCVO or DCVO, Knight or Dame Commander; CVO, Commander; LVO, Lieutenant; MVO, Member)

=== St. John ===
The Order of the Knights of St. John

=== Star of India ===
Most Exalted Order of the Star of India (GCSI, Knight Grand Commander; KCSI, Knight Commander; CSI, Companion)

=== Thistle ===
The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle

== Hoops ==
'''This section is under construction right now'''.

Terms: farthingale, panniers, hoops, crinoline, cage, bustle

Between 1450 and 1550 a loosely woven, very stiff fabric made from linen and horsehair was used in &quot;horsehair petticoats.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|137}} Heavy and scratchy, these petticoats made the fabric of the skirt lie smooth, without wrinkles or folds. Over time, this horsehair fabric was used in several kinds of objects made from fabric, like hats and padding for poufs, but it is best known for its use in the structure of hoops, or cages. Horsehair fabric was used until the mid-19th century, when it  was called ''crinoline'' and used for petticoats again (1840–1865).&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|78}} We still call this fabric ''crinoline''.

''Hoops'' is a mid-19th-century term for a cage-like structure worn by a woman to hold her skirts away from her body. The term ''cage'' is also 19th century, and ''crinoline'' is sometimes used in a non-technical way for 19th-century cages as well. Both these terms are commonly used now for the general understructure of a woman's skirts, but they are not technically accurate for time periods before the 19th century.

As fashion, that cage-like structure was the foundation undergarment for the bottom half of a woman's body, for a skirt and petticoat, and created the fashionable silhouette from the 15th through the late 19th century. The 16th-century Katherine of Aragon is credited with making hoops popular outside Spain for women of the elite classes. By the end of the 16th century France had become the arbiter of fashion for the western world, and it still is. The cage is notable for how long it lasted in fashion and for its complex evolution.

Together with the [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Corsets|corset]], the cage enabled all the changes in fashionable shapes, from the extreme distortions of 17th-and-18th-century panniers to the late 19th-century bustle. Early hoops circled the body in a bell, cone or drum shape, then were moved to the sides with panniers, then ballooned around the body like the top half of a sphere, and finally were pulled to the rear as a bustle. That is, the distorted shapes of high fashion were made possible by hoops. High fashion demanded these shapes, which disguised women's bodies, especially below the waist, while corsets did their work above it.

When hoops were first introduced in the 15th century, women's shoes for the first time differentiated from men's and became part of the fashionable look. In the periods when the skirts were flat in front (with the farthingale and in the transitional 17th century), they did not touch the floor, making shoes visible — and important fashion accessories. Portraits of high-status, high-fashion women consistently show their pointy-toed shoes, which would have been more likely to show when they were moving than when they were standing still. The shoes seem to draw attention to themselves in these portraits, suggesting that they were important to the painters and, perhaps, the women as well.

In addition to the shape, the materials used to make hoops evolved — from cane and wood to whalebone, then steel bands and wire. Initially fabric strips, tabs or ribbons were the vertical elements in the cages and evolved into channels in a linen, muslin or, later, crinoline underskirt encasing wires or bands. Fabrics besides crinoline —  like cotton, silk and linen — were used to connect the hoops and bands in cages. All of these materials used in cages had disadvantages and advantages. 

=== Disadvantages and Advantages ===
Hoops affected the way women were able to move. ['''something about riding'''?]

==== Disadvantages ====
the weight, getting through doorways, sitting, the wind, getting into carriages, what the dances involved. Raising '''one's''' skirts to climb stairs or walk was more difficult with hoop. 

['''Contextualize with dates?'''] &quot;The combination of corset, bustle, and crinolette limited a woman's ability to bend except at the hip joint, resulting in a decorous, if rigid, sense of bearing.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Koda, Harold. ''Extreme Beauty: The Body Transformed.'' The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2001.&lt;/ref&gt; (130) 

As caricatures through the centuries makes clear, one disadvantage hoops had is that they could be caught by the wind, no matter what the structure was made of or how heavy it was. 

In her 1941 ''Little Town on the Prairie'', Laura Ingalls Wilder writes a scene in which Laura's hoops have crept up under skirts because of the wind. Set in 1883,&lt;ref&gt;Hill, Pamela Smith, ed. ''Pioneer Girl: The Annotated Autobiography''.&lt;/ref&gt; this very unusual scene shows a young woman highly skilled at getting her hoops back down without letting her undergarments show. The majority of European and North American women wore hoops in 1883, but to our knowledge no other writer from this time describes any solution to the problem of the wind under hoops or, indeed, a skill like Laura's. &lt;blockquote&gt;“Well,” Laura began; then she stopped and spun round and round, for the strong wind blowing against her always made the wires of her hoop skirt creep slowly upward under her skirts until they bunched around her knees. Then she must whirl around and around until the wires shook loose and spiraled down to the bottom of her skirts where they should be.

“As she and Carrie hurried on she began again. “I think it was silly, the way they dressed when Ma was a girl, don’t you? Drat this wind!” she exclaimed as the hoops began creeping upward again.

“Quietly Carrie stood by while Laura whirled. “I’m glad I’m not old enough to have to wear hoops,” she said. “They’d make me dizzy.”

“They are rather a nuisance,” Laura admitted. “But they are stylish, and when you’re my age you’ll want to be in style.”&lt;ref&gt;Wilder, Laura Ingalls. ''Little Town on the Prairie.'' Harper and Row, 1941. Pp. 272–273.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;The 16-year-old Laura makes the comment that she wants to be in style, but she lives on the prairie in the U.S., far from a large city, and would not necessarily wear the latest Parisian style, although she reads the American women's domestic and fashion monthly ''[[Social Victorians/Newspapers#Godey's Lady's Book|Godey's Lady's Book]]'' and would know what was stylish.

==== '''Advantages''' ====
The '''weight''' of hoops was somewhat corrected over time with the use of steel bands and wires, as they were lighter than the wood, cane or whalebone hoops, which had to be thick enough to keep their shape and to keep from breaking or folding under the weight of the petticoats and skirts. Full skirts made women's waists look smaller, whether by petticoats or hoops. Being fashionable, being included among the smart set.

The hoops moved the skirts away from the legs and feet, making moving easier. 

By moving the heavy petticoats and skirts away from their legs, hoops could actually give women's legs and feet more freedom to move.

Because so few fully constructed hoop foundation garments still exist, we cannot be certain of a number of details about how exactly they were worn. For example, the few contemporary drawings of 19th-century hoops show bloomers beneath them but no petticoats. However, in the cold and wind (and we know from Laura Ingalls Wilder how the wind could get under hoops), women could have added layers of petticoats beneath their hoops for warmth.[[File:Chaise à crinolines.jpg|thumb|Chaise à Crinolines, 19th century]]
=== Accommodation ===
Hoops affected how women sat, and furniture was developed specifically to accommodate these foundation structures. The ''chaise à crinolines'' or chair for hoop skirts (right), dating from the 2nd half of the 19th century, has a gap between the seat and the back of the chair to keep a woman's undergarments from showing as she sat, or even seated herself, and to reduce wrinkling of the fabric by accommodating her hoops, petticoats and skirts.[[File:Vermeer Lady Seated at a Virginal.jpg|thumb|Vermeer, Lady Seated at a Virginal|left]]Vermeer's c. 1673 ''Lady Seated at a Virginal'' (left) looks like she is sitting on this same kind of chair, suggesting that furniture like this had existed long before the 19th century. Vermeer's painting shows how the chair could accommodate her hoops and the voluminous fabric of her skirts.

The wide doorways between the large public rooms in the Palace of Versailles could accommodate wide panniers. '''Louis XV and XVI of France occupied an already-built Versailles, but they both renovated the inside over time'''.

Some configurations of hoops permitted folding, and of course the width of the hoops themselves varied over time and with the evolving styles and materials.

With hoops, skirts were lifted away from the legs and feet, and when skirts got shorter, to above the floor, women's feet had nearly unrestricted freedom to move. Evening gowns, with trains, were still restrictive.

A modern accommodation are the leaning boards developed in Hollywood for women wearing period garments like corsets and long, full skirts. The leaning boards allow the actors to rest without sitting and wrinkling their clothes.[[File:Pedro García de Benabarre St John Retable Detail.jpg|thumb|alt=Old oil painting of a woman wearing a dress from the 1400s holding the decapitated head of a man with a halo before a table of people at a dinner party|Pedro García de Benabarre, Detail from St. John Altarpiece, Showing Visible Hoops]]
=== Early Hoops ===
Hoops first appeared in Spain in the 15th century and influenced European fashion for at least 3 centuries.

A detail (right) from Pedro García de Benabarre's c. 1470 larger altarpiece painting shows women wearing a style of hoops that predates the farthingale but marks the beginning point of the development of that fashion. Salomé (holding John the Baptist's head) is wearing a dress with what looks like visible wooden hoops attached to the outside of the skirt, which also appears to have padding at the hips underneath it.

The clothing and hairstyles of the people in this painting are sufficiently realistic to offer details for analysis. The foundation garments the women are wearing are corsets and bum rolls. Because none still exist, we do not know how these hoops attached to the skirts or how they related structurally to the corset. The bottom hoop on Salomé's skirt rests on the ground, and her feet are covered. The women near her are kneeling, so not all their hoops show. 

The painter De Benabarre was &quot;active in Aragon and in Catalonia, between 1445–1496,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfab.hu/artworks/10528/|title=Saint Peter|website=Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest|language=en-US|access-date=2024-12-11}} https://www.mfab.hu/artworks/10528/.&lt;/ref&gt; so perhaps he saw the styles worn by people like Katharine of Aragon, whose hoops are now called a farthingale.

=== Early Farthingale ===
In the 16th century, the foundation garment we call ''hoops'' was called a ''farthingale''. Elizabeth Lewandowski says that the metal supports (or structure) in the hoops were made of wire:&lt;blockquote&gt;''&quot;FARTHINGALE: Renaissance (1450-1550 C.E. to Elizabethan (1550-1625 C.E.). Linen underskirt with wire supports which, when shaped, produced a variety of dome, bell, and oblong shapes.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;''{{rp|105}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;The French term for ''farthingale'' is ''vertugadin'' — &quot;un élément essentiel de la mode Tudor en Angleterre [an essential element of Tudor fashion in England].&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-03-12|title=Vertugadin|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vertugadin&amp;oldid=191825729|journal=Wikipédia|language=fr}} https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertugadin.&lt;/ref&gt; The French also called the farthingale a &quot;''cachenfant'' for its perceived ability to hide pregnancy,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Clothes on the Shakespearean Stage.&quot; Carleton Production. Amazon Web Services. https://carleton-wp-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/sites/84/2023/05/Clothes-on-the-Shakespearean-Stage_-1.pdf (retrieved April 2025).&lt;/ref&gt; not unreasonable given the number of portraits where the subject wearing a farthingale looks as if she might be pregnant. The term in Spanish is ''vertugado''. Nowadays clothing historians make clear distinctions among these terms, especially farthingale, bustle and hip roll, but the terminology then did not need to distinguish these garments from later ones.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The hoops on the outsides of the skirts in the Pedro García de Benabarre painting (above right) predate what would technically be considered a vertugado.[[File:Alonso Sánchez Coello 011.jpg|thumb|alt=Old painting of a princess wearing a richly jeweled outfit|Alonso Sánchez Coello, Infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia Wearing a Vertugado, c. 1584]]

Blanche Payne says,&lt;blockquote&gt;Katherine of Aragon is reputed to have introduced the Spanish farthingale ... into England early in the [16th] century. The result was to convert the columnar skirt of the fifteenth century into the cone shape of the sixteenth.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|291}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

In fact, &quot;The Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon brought the fashion to England for her marriage to Prince Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII in 1501 [La princesse espagnole Catherine d'Aragon amena la mode en Angleterre pour son mariage avec le prince Arthur, fils aîné d'Henri VII en 1501].&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Catherine of Aragon, of course, married Henry VIII after Arthur's death, then was divorced and replaced by Anne Boleyn.

Of England, Lewandowski says that &quot;Spanish influence had introduced the hoop-supported skirt, smooth in contour, which was quite generally worn.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|291}} That is, hoops were &quot;quite generally worn&quot; among the ruling and aristocratic classes in England, and may have been worn by some women among the wealthy bourgeoisie. Sumptuary laws addressed &quot;certain features of garments that are decorative in function, intended to enhance the silhouette&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-02-22|title=Sumptuary law|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumptuary_law|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and signified wealth and status, but they were generally not very successful and not enforced well or consistently. (Sumptuary laws &quot;attempted to regulate permitted consumption, especially of clothing, food and luxury expenditures&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-09-27|title=sumptuary law|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sumptuary_law|journal=Wiktionary, the free dictionary|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; in order to mark class differences and, for our purposes, to use fashion to control women and the burgeoning middle class.)

The Spanish vertugado shaped the skirt into an symmetrical A-line with a graduated series of hoops sewn to an undergarment. Alonso Sánchez Coello's c. 1584&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|316}} portrait (right) shows infanta Isabel Clara Eugenia wearing a vertugado, with its &quot;typically Spanish smooth cone-shaped contour.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|315–316}}

The shoes do not show in the portraits of women wearing the Spanish cone-shaped vertugado. The round hoops stayed in place in front, even though the skirts might touch the floor, giving the women's feet enough room to take steps. 

By the end of the 16th century the French and Spanish farthingales had evolved separately and were no longer the same garment.[[File:Queen Elizabeth I ('The Ditchley portrait') by Marcus Gheeraerts the YoungerFXD.jpg|thumb|alt=Old oil painting of a queen in a white dress with shoulders and hips exaggerated by her dress|Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger, Queen Elizabeth I in a French Cartwheel Farthingale, 1592|left]]

The French vertugadin — a cartwheel farthingale — was a flat &quot;platter&quot; of hoops worn below the waist and above the hips. Once past the vertugadin, the skirt fell straight to the floor, into a kind of asymmetrical drum shape that was balanced by strict symmetry in the rest of the garment. The English Queen Elizabeth I is wearing a French drum-shaped farthingale in Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger's c. 1592 portrait (left).[[File:Hardwick Hall Portrait of Elizabeth I of England.jpg|thumb|Hilliard, Hardwick Hall Portrait of Elizabeth I of England, c. 1598–1599]]In Nicholas Hilliard's c. 1598–1599 portrait of Queen Elizabeth I (right), an extraordinary showing of jewels, pearls and embroidery from the top of her head to the tips of her toes make for a spectacular outfit. The drum of the cartwheel farthingale is closer to the body beneath the point of the bodice, and the underskirt is gathered up the sides of the foundation corset to where her natural waistline would be. The gathers flatten the petticoat from the point to the hem, and the fabric collected at the sides falls from the edge of the drum down to her ankles.

Associated with the cartwheel farthingale was a very long waist and a skirt slightly shorter in the front. A rigid corset with a point far below the waist and the downward-angled farthingale flattened the front of the skirt. Because the skirt in front over a cartwheel farthingale was closer to the woman's body and did not touch the floor, the dress flowed and the women's shoes showed as they moved. Almost all portraits of women wearing cartwheel farthingales show the little pointy toes of their shoes. In Gheeraerts' painting, Queen Elizabeth's feet draw attention to themselves, suggesting that showing the shoes was important.

Farthingales were heavy, and together with the rigid corsets and the construction of the dress (neckline, bodice, sleeves, mantle), women's movement was quite restricted. Although their feet and legs had the freedom to move under the hoops, their upper bodies were held in place by their foundation garments and their clothing, the sleeves preventing them from raising their arms higher than their shoulders. This restriction of the movement of their arms can be seen in Elizabethan court dances that included clapping. They clapped their hands beside their heads rather than over their heads.

The steady attempts in the sumptuary laws to control fine materials for clothing reveals the interest middle-class women had in wearing what the cultural elite were wearing at court.

=== The Transitional 17th Century ===
What had been starched and stiff in women's dress in the 16th century — like ruffs and collars — became looser and flatter in the 17th. This transitional period in women's clothing also introduced the [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Cavalier|Cavalier style of men's dress]], which began with the political movement in support of England's King Charles II while he was still living in France. Like the ones women wore, men's ruffs and collars were also no longer starched or wired, making them looser and flatter as well.

For much of the 17th century — beginning about 1620, according to Payne — skirts were not supported by the cage-like hoops that had been so popular.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|355}} Without structures like hoops, skirts draped loosely to the floor, but they did not fall straight from the waist. Except for dressing gowns (which sometimes appear in portraiture in spite of their informality), the skirts women wore were held away from the body by some kind of padding or stiffened roll around the waist and at the hips, sometimes flat in front, sometimes not. The skirts flowed from the hips, either straight down or in an A-line depending on the cut of the skirt.
[[File:The Vanity of Women Masks and Bustles MET DT4982.jpg|thumb|Maerten de Vos, ''The Vanity of Women: Masks and Bustles'', c. 1600]]
==== Hip Rolls ====
This c. 1600 Dutch engraving attributed to Maerten de Vos (right) shows two servants dressing two wealthy women in masks and hip rolls. In its title of this engraving the Metropolitan Museum of Art calls a hip roll a ''bustle'' (which it defines as a padded roll or a French farthingale),&lt;ref&gt;De Vos, Maerten. &quot;The Vanity of Women: Masks and Bustles.&quot; Metropolitan Museum of Art. Wikimedia Commons 

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Vanity_of_Women_Masks_and_Bustles_MET_DT4982.jpg.&lt;/ref&gt; but the engraving itself calls it a ''cachenfant''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;De Vos, Maerten (attrib. to). &quot;The Vanity of Women: Masks and Bustles.&quot; Circa 1600. ''The Costume Institute: The Metropolitan Museum of Art''. Object Number: 2001.341.1. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/82615&lt;/ref&gt; The craftsmen in the back are wearing masks. The one on the left is making the masks that the shop sells, and the one on the right is making the hip rolls.

The serving woman on the left is fitting a mask on what is probably her mistress. The kneeling woman on the right is tying a hip roll on what is probably hers.

The text around the engraving is in French and Dutch. The French passages read as follows (clockwise from top left), with the word ''cachenfant'' (farthingale) bolded:&lt;blockquote&gt;
Orne moy auecq la masque laide orde et sale:
&lt;br&gt;Car laideur est en moy la beaute principale.

Achepte dame masques &amp; passement:
&lt;br&gt;Monstre vostre pauvre [?] orgueil hardiment.

Venez belles filles auecq fesses maigres:
&lt;br&gt;Bien tost les ferayie rondes &amp; alaigres.

Vn '''cachenfant''' come les autres me fault porter:
&lt;br&gt;Couste qu'il couste; le fol la folle veult aymer.

Voy cy la boutiquel des enragez amours,
&lt;br&gt;De vanite, &amp; d'orgueil &amp; d'autres tels tours:

D'ont plusieurs qui parent la chair puante,
&lt;br&gt;S'en vont auecq les diables en la gehenne ardante.

&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Which translates, roughly, into
&lt;blockquote&gt;
Adorn me with the ugly, dirty, and orderly mask:
&lt;br&gt;For ugliness is the principal beauty in me.

Buy, lady, masks and trimmings:
&lt;br&gt;Boldly show your poor [?] pride.

Come, beautiful girls with thin buttocks:
&lt;br&gt;Soon, make them round and cheerful.

I must wear a [farthingale, lit. &quot;hide child&quot;] like the others:
&lt;br&gt;No matter how much it costs; the madman wants to love.

See here the store of rabid loves,
&lt;br&gt;Of vanity, and pride, and other such tricks:

Many of whom adorn the stinking flesh,
&lt;br&gt;Go with the devils to the burning hell.
&lt;/blockquote&gt;Later versions of hoops were also used to hide or at least de-emphasize pregnancy (see [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Crinoline Hoops|Crinoline Hoops]], below).[[File:The Vanity of Women Masks and Bustles MET DT4982 (detail of padded rolls or French farthingales).jpg|thumb|Detail of Maerten de Vos, ''The Vanity of Women: Masks and Bustles'', c. 1600]]
Traditionally thought of as padding, the hip rolls, at least in this detail of the c. 1600 engraving (right), are hollow and seem to be made cylindrical by what looks like rings of cane or wire sewn into channels. The kneeling woman is tying the strings that attach the hip roll, which is being worn above the petticoat and below the overskirt that the mistress is holding up and back. The hip roll under construction on the table looks hollow, but when they are finished the rolls look padded and their ends sewn closed.

Farthingales were more complex than is usually assumed. Currently, ''farthingale'' usually refers to the cane or wire foundation that shaped the skirt from about 1450 to 1625, although the term was not always used so precisely. Padding was sometimes used to shape the skirt, either by itself or in addition to the cartwheel and cone-shaped foundational structures. The padding itself was in fact another version of hoops that were structured both by rings as well as padding. Called a bustle, French farthingale, cachenfant, bum barrel&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|42}} or even (quoting Ben Jonson, 1601) bum roll&lt;ref&gt;Cunnington, C. Willett (Cecil Willett), and Phillis Cunnington. ''Handbook of English Costume in the Sixteenth Century''. Faber and Faber, 1954. Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/handbookofenglis0000unse_e2n2/.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|161}} in its day, the hip roll still does not have a stable name. The common terms for what we call the hip roll now include ''bum roll'' and ''French farthingale''. The term ''bustle'' is no longer associated with the farthingale.

==== Bunched Skirts or Padding ====
The speed with which trends in clothing changed began to accelerate in the 17th century, making fashion more expensive and making keeping up with the latest styles more difficult. Part of the transition in this century, then, is the number of silhouettes possible for women, including early forms of what became the pannier in the 18th century and what became the bustle in the late 19th. In the later periods, these forms of hoops involved &quot;baskets&quot; or cages (or crinolines), but during this transitional period, these shapes were made from &quot;stiffened rolls [&lt;nowiki/&gt;[[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hip Rolls|hip rolls]]] that were tied around the waist&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Bendall, Sarah A. () The Case of the “French Vardinggale”: A Methodological Approach to Reconstructing and Understanding Ephemeral Garments, ''Fashion Theory'' 2019 (23:3), pp. 363-399, DOI: [[doi:10.1080/1362704X.2019.1603862|10.1080/1362704X.2019.1603862]].&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|369}} at the hips under the skirts or from bunched fabric, or both. The fabric-based volume in the back involved the evolution of an overskirt, showing more and more of the underskirt, or [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Petticoat|petticoat]], beneath it. This development transformed the petticoat into an outer garment.[[File:Princess Teresa Pamphilj Cybo, by Jacob Ferdinand Voet.jpg|thumb|Attr. to Voet, Anna Pamphili, c. 1670]]
[[File:Caspar Netscher - Girl Standing before a Mirror - 1925.718 - Art Institute of Chicago.jpg|thumb|Netscher, Girl Standing before a Mirror|left]]

Two examples of the bunched overskirt can be seen in Caspar Netscher's ''Girl Standing before a Mirror'' (left) and Voet's ''Portrait of Anna Pamphili'' (right), both painted about 1670. (This portrait of Anna Pamphili and the one below right were both misidentified with her mother Olimpia Aldobrandini.) In both these portraits, the overskirt is split down the center front, pulled to the sides and toward the back and stitched (probably) to keep the fabric from falling flat. The petticoat, which is now an outer garment, hangs straight to the floor. In Netscher's portrait, the girl's shoe shows, but the skirt rests on the ground, requiring her to lift her skirts to be able to walk, not to mention dancing. The dress in Anna Pamphili's portrait is an interesting contrast of soft and hard. The embroidery stiffens the narrow petticoat, suggesting it might have been a good choice for a static portrait but not for moving or dancing.

Besides bunched fabric, the other way to make the skirts full at the hips was with hip rolls. Mierevelt's 1629 Portrait of Elizabeth Stuart (below, left) shows a split overskirt, although the fabric is not bunched or draped toward the back. The fullness here is caused by a hip roll, which adds fullness to the hips and back, leaving the skirts flat in front. In this case the flatness of the roll in front pulls the overskirt slightly apart and reveals the petticoat, even this early in the century. One reason this portrait is striking because Elizabeth Stuart appears to be wearing a mourning band on her left arm. Also striking are the very elaborate trim and decorations, displaying Stuart's wealth and status, including the large ornament on the mourning band. [[File:Michiel van Mierevelt - Portrait of Elizabeth Stuart (1596-1662), circa 1629.jpg|thumb|Michiel van Mierevelt, Elizabeth Stuart, c. 1629|left]][[File:Attributed to Voet - Portrait of Anna Pamphili, misidentified with her mother Olimpia Aldobrandini.jpg|thumb|Attr. to Voet, Anna Pamphili, c. 1671]]

The c. 1671 portrait of Anna Pamphili (below, right) shows an example of the petticoat's development as an outer garment. In the Mierevelt portrait (left), the petticoat barely shows. A half century later, in the portrait of Anna Pamphili, the overskirt is not split but so short that the petticoat is almost completely revealed. A hip roll worn under both the petticoat and the overskirt gives her hips breadth. The petticoat is gathered at the sides and smooth in the front, falling close to her body. The fullness of the petticoat and the overskirt is on the sides — and possibly the back. The heavily trimmed overskirt is stiff but not rigid. Anna Pamphili's shoe peeps out from under the flattened front of the petticoat.

The neckline, the hipline, the bottom of the overskirt, the trim at the hem of the petticoat and overskirt and the ribbons on the sleeves — as well as even the hair style — all give Pamphili's outfit a sophisticated horizontal design, a look that soon would become very important and influential as panniers gained popularity.

=== Panniers ===
The formal, high-status dress we most associate with the 18th century is the horizontal style of panniers, the hoops at the sides of the skirt, which is closer to the body in front and back. Popular in the mid century in France, panniers continued to dominate design in court dress in the U.K. &quot;well into the 19th century.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|413}} ''Paniers anglais'' were 8-hoop panniers.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|219}}

Panniers were made from a variety of materials, most of which have not survived into the 21st century, and the most common materials used panniers has not been established. Lewandowski says that skirts were &quot;stretched over metal hoops&quot; that &quot;First appear[ed] around 1718 and [were] in fashion [for much of Europe] until 1800. ... By 1750 the one-piece pannier was replaced by [two pieces], with one section over each hip.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|219}} According to Payne, another kind of pannier &quot;consisted of a pair of caned or boned [instead of metal] pouches, their inner surfaces curved to the ... contour of the hips, the outside extending well beyond them.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|428}} Given that it is a natural material, surviving examples of cane for the structure of panniers are an unexpected gift, although silk, linen and wool also occasionally exists in museum collections. No examples of bone structures for panniers exist, suggesting that bone is less hardy than cane. Waugh says that whalebone was the only kind of &quot;bone&quot; (it was actually cartilage, of course) used;&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot;&gt;Waugh, Norah. ''Corsets and Crinolines''. New York, NY: Theatre Arts Books, 1954. Rpt. Routledge/Theatre Arts Books, 2000.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|167}} Payne says cane and whalebone were used for panniers.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|426}} Neither Payne nor Waugh mention metal. Examples of metal structures for panniers have also not survived, perhaps because they were rare or occurred later, during revolutionary times, when a lot of things got destroyed.

The pannier was not the only silhouette in the 18th century. In fact, the speed with which fashion changed continued to accelerate in this century. Payne describes &quot;Six basic forms,&quot; which though evolutionary were also quite distinct. Further, different events called for different styles, as did the status and social requirements for those who attended. For the first time in the clothing history of the culturally elite, different distinct fashions overlapped rather than replacing each other, the clothing choices marking divisions in this class.

The century saw Payne's &quot;Six basic forms&quot; or silhouettes generally in this order but sometimes overlapping:

# '''Fullness in the back'''. The fabric bustle. While we think of the bustle as a 19th-century look, it can be found in the 18th century, as Payne says.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|411}} The overskirt was all pulled to the back, the fullness probably mostly made by bunched fabric.
# '''The round skirt'''. &quot;The bell or dome shape resulted from the reintroduction of hoops[,] in England by 1710, in France by 1720.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|411}}
# '''The ellipse, panniers'''. &quot;The ellipse ... was achieved by broadening the support from side to side and compressing it from front to back. It had a long run of popularity, from 1740 to 1770, the extreme width being retained in court costumes. ... English court costume [411/413] followed this fashion well into the nineteenth century.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|411, 413}}
# '''Fullness in the back and sides'''. &quot;The dairy maid, or [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Polonaise|polonaise]], style could be achieved either by pulling the lower part of the overskirt through its own pocket holes, thus creating a bouffant effect, or by planned control of the overskirt, through the cut or by means of draw cords, ribbons, or loops and buttons, which were used to form the three great ‘poufs’ known as the polonaise .... These diversions appeared in the late [seventeen] sixties and became prevalent in the seventies. They were much like the familiar styles of our own [American] Revolutionary War period.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|413}}
# '''Fullness in the back'''. The return of the bustle in the 1780s.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|413}}
# '''No fullness'''. The tubular [or Empire] form, drawn from classic art, in the 1790s.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|413}}
Hoops affected how women sat, went through doors and got into carriages, as well as what was involved in the popular dances. Length of skirts and trains. Some doorways required that women wearing wide panniers turn sideways, which undermined the &quot;entrance&quot; they were expected to make when they arrived at an event. Also, a woman might be accompanied by a gentleman, who would also be affected by her panniers and the width of the doorway. Over the century skirts varied from ankle length to resting on the floor. Women wearing panniers would not have been able to stand around naturally: the panniers alone meant they had to keep their elbows bent. 

[[File:Panniers 1.jpg|thumb|alt=Photograph of the wooden and fabric skeleton of an 18th-century women's foundation garment|Wooden and Fabric-covered Structure for 18th-century Panniers|left]][[File:Hoop petticoat and corset England 1750-1780 LACMA.jpg|thumb|Hooped Petticoat and Corset, 1750–80]]The 1760–1770 French panniers (left) are &quot;a rare surviving example&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Citation|title=Panniers|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/139668|date=1760–70|accessdate=2025-01-01}}. The Costume Institute, Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/139668.&lt;/ref&gt; of the structure of this foundation garment. Almost no examples of panniers survive. The hoops are made with bent cane, held together with red velvet silk ribbon that looks pinked. The cane also appears to be covered with red velvet, and the hoops have metal &quot;hinges that allow [them] to be lifted, facilitating movement in tight spaces.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt; This inventive hingeing permitted the wearer to lift the bottom cane and her skirts, folding them up like an accordion, lifting the front slightly and greatly reducing the width (and making it easier to get through doors). ['''Write the Met to ask about this description once it's finished. Are there examples of boned or metal panniers that they're aware of?''']

The corset and hoops shown (right) are also not reproductions and are also rare examples of foundation garments surviving from the 18th century. These hoops are made with cane held in place by casings sewn into a plain-woven linen skirt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://collections.lacma.org/node/214714|title=Woman's Hoop Petticoat (Pannier) {{!}} LACMA Collections|website=collections.lacma.org|access-date=2025-01-03}} Los Angeles County Museum of Art. https://collections.lacma.org/node/214714.&lt;/ref&gt; These 1750–1780 hoops are modestly wide, but the gathering around the casings for the hoops suggests that the panniers could be widened if longer hoops were inserted. (The corset shown with these hoops is treated in the [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Corsets|Corsets section]]. The mannequin is wearing a [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Chemise|chemise undergarment]] as well.)[[File:Johanna Gabriele of Habsburg Lorraine1 copy.jpg|thumb|Martin van Meytens, Johanna Gabriele of Habsburg Lorraine, c. 1760|left]]In her c. 1760 portrait (left), Johanna Gabriele of Habsburg Lorraine is wearing exaggerated court-dress panniers, shown here about the widest that they got. Johanna Gabriele was the daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria, so she was a sister of Marie Antoinette, who also would have worn panniers as exaggerated as these. Johanna Gabriele's hairstyle has not grown into the huge bouffant style that developed to balance the wide court dress, so her outfit looks out of proportion in this portrait. And, because of her panniers, her arms look slightly awkward. The tips of her shoes show because her skirt has been pulled back and up to rest on them.

France had become the leader in high fashion by the middle of the century, led first by Madame Pompadour and then by Marie Antoinette, who was crowned queen in 1774.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-04-23|title=Marie Antoinette|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Antoinette|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Court dress has always been regulated, but it could be influenced. Marie Antoinette's influence was toward exaggeration, both in formality and in informality. In their evolution formal-dress skirts moved away from the body in front and back but were still wider on the sides and were decorated with massive amounts of trim, including ruffles, flowers, lace and ribbons. The French queen led court fashion into greater and greater excess: &quot;Since her taste ran to dancing, theatrical, and masked escapades, her costumes and those of her court exhibited quixotic tendencies toward absurdity and exaggeration.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|428}} Both Madame Pompadour's and Marie Antoinette's taste ran to extravagance and excess, visually represented in the French court by the clothing.[[File:Marie Antoinette 1778-1783.jpg|thumb|Marie Antoinette in 1778 and 1779]]The two portraits (right), painted by Élizabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun in 1778 on the left and 1779 on the right, show Marie Antoinette wearing the same dress. Although one painting has been photographed as lighter than the other, the most important differences between the two portraits are slight variations in the pose and the hairstyle and headdress. Her hair in the 1779 painting is in better proportion to her dress than it is in the earlier one, and the later headdress — a stylized mobcap — is more elaborate and less dependent on piled-up hair. (The description of the painting in Wikimedia Commons says she gave birth between these two portraits, which in particular affected her hair and hairline.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;File:Marie Antoinette 1778-1783.jpg.&quot; ''Wikimedia Commons'' [&lt;bdi&gt;Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun, 2 portraits of Marie Antoinette&lt;/bdi&gt;] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marie_Antoinette_1778-1783.jpg.&lt;/ref&gt;)[[File:Queen Charlotte, by studio of Thomas Gainsborough.jpg|thumb|Queen Charlotte of England, 1781|left]]

In this 1781&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/wd/jAGip1dpEkf-Fw|title=Portrait of Queen Charlotte of England - Thomas Gainsborough, studio|website=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en|access-date=2025-04-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; portrait from the workshop of Thomas Gainsborough (left), Queen Charlotte is wearing panniers less exaggerated in width than Johanna Gabriele's. The English did not usually wear panniers as wide as those in French court dress, but the decoration and trim on the English Queen Charlotte's gown are as elaborate as anything the French would do.

The ruffles (many of them double) and fichu are made with a sheer silk or cotton, which was translucent rather than transparent. The ruffles on Queen Charlotte's sleeves are made of lace. The ruffles and poufs of sheer silk are edged in gold. The embroidered flowers and stripes, as well as the sequin discs and attached clusters are all gold. The skirt rose above the floor, revealing Queen Charlotte's pointed shoe. Shoes were fashion accessories because of the shorter length of the skirts.

The whole look is more balanced because of the bouffant hairstyle, the less extreme width in the panniers and the greater fullness in front (and, probably, back). 

The white dress worn by the queen in Season 1, Episode 4 of the BBC and Canal+ series ''Marie Antoinette'' stands out because nobody else is wearing white at the ball in Paris and because of the translucent silk or muslin fabric, which would have been imported from India at that time (some silk was still being imported from China). Muslin is not a rich or exotic fabric to us, but toward the end of the 18th century, muslin could be imported only from India, making it unusual and expensive.&lt;blockquote&gt;Another English contribution to the fashion of the eighties was the sheer white muslin dress familiar to us from the paintings of Reynolds, Romney, and Lawrence. In this respect the English fell under the spell of classic Greek influence sooner than the French did. Lacking the restrictions imposed by Marie Antoinette's court, the English were free to adapt costume designs from the source which was inspiring their architects and draftsmen.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|438}} &lt;/blockquote&gt;So while a sheer white dress would have been unlikely in Marie Antoinette's court, according to Payne, the fabric itself was available and suddenly became very popular, in part because of its simplicity and its sheerness. The Empire style replaced the Rococo busyness in a stroke, like the French Revolution.

By the 1790s French and English fashion had evolved in very different directions, and also by this time, accepted fashion and court dress had diverged, with the formulaic properties of court dress — especially in France — preventing its development. In general,&lt;blockquote&gt;English women were modestly covered ..., often in overdress and petticoat; that heavier fabrics with more pattern and color were used; and that for a while hairdress remained more elaborate and headdress more involved than in France.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|441}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;Even in such a rich and colorful court dress as Queen Charlotte is wearing in the Gainsborough-workshop portrait, her more &quot;modest&quot; dress shows these trends very clearly: the white (muslin or silk) and the elaborate style in headdress and hair.

=== Polonaise ===

==== Marie Antoinette — The Context ====

The robe à la Polonaise in casual court dress was popularized by Marie Antoinette for less formal settings and events, a style that occurred at the same time as highly formal dresses with panniers. An informal fashion not based on court dress, although court style would require panniers, though not always the extremely wide ones, and the new style. It was so popular that it evolved into one way court dress could be.[[File:Marie Antoinette in a Park Met DP-18368-001.jpg|thumb|Le Brun, ''Marie Antoinette in a Park'']]Trianon: Marie Antoinette's &quot;personal&quot; palace at Versailles, where she went to entertain her friends in a casual environment. While there, in extended, several-day parties, she and her friends played games, did amateur theatricals, wore costumes, like the stylization of what a dairy maid would wear. A release from the very rigid court procedures and social structures and practices. Separate from court and so not documented in the same way events at Versailles were.

In the c. 1780–81 sketch (right) of Marie Antoinette in a Park by Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun,&lt;ref&gt;Le Brun, Elisabeth Louise Vigée. ''Marie Antoinette in a Park'' (c. 1780–81). The Metropolitan Museum of Art https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/824771.&lt;/ref&gt; the queen is wearing a robe à la Polonaise with an apron in front, so we see her in a relatively informal pose and outfit. The underskirt, which is in part at least made of a sheer fabric, shows beneath the overskirt and the apron. This is a late Polonaise, more decoration, additions of ribbons, lace, lace, [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Plastics|plastics]], ruffles, which did not exist on actual milkmaid dresses or earlier versions of the robe à la Polonaise. Even though this is a sketch, we can see that this dress would be more comfortable and convenient for movement because the bodice is not boned, and wrinkles in the bodice suggest that she is not likely wearing a corset. 

==== Definition of Terms ====

The Polonaise was a late-Georgian or late-18th-century style, the usage of the word in written English dating from 1773 although ''Polonaise'' is French for ''the Polish woman'', and the style arose in France:&lt;blockquote&gt;A woman's dress consisting of a tight, unboned bodice and a skirt open from the waist downwards to reveal a decorative underskirt. Now historical.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;“Polonaise, N. &amp; Adj.” ''Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford UP, September 2024, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/2555138986.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;The lack of boning in the bodice would make this fashion more comfortable than the formal foundation garments worn in court dress.

The term ''á la polonaise'' itself is not in common use by the French nowadays, and the French ''Wikipédia'' doesn't use it for clothing. French fashion drawings and prints from the 18th-century, however, do use the term.

Elizabeth Lewandowski dates the Polonaise style from about 1750 to about 1790,&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|123}} and Payne says it was &quot;prevalent&quot; in the 1770s.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|413}}

The style à la Polonaise was based on an idealization of what dairy maids wore, adapted by aristocratic women and frou-froued up. Two dairymaids are shown below, the first is a caricature of a stereotypical milkmaid and the second is one of Marie Antoinette's ladies in waiting costumed as a milkmaid.
[[File:La laitiere. G.16931.jpg|left|thumb|Mixelle, ''La Laitiere'' (the Milkmaid)]]
[[File:Madame A. Aughié, Friend of Queen Marie Antoinette, as a Dairymaid in the Royal Dairy at Trianon - Nationalmuseum - 21931.tif|thumb|Madame A. Aughié, as a Dairymaid in the Royal Dairy at Trianon]]In the aquatint engraving of ''La Laitiere'' (left) by Jean-Marie Mixelle (1758–1839),&lt;ref&gt;Mixelle, Jean-Marie. ''La Laitiere'', Musée Carnavalet, Histoire de Paris, Inventory Number: G.16931. https://www.parismuseescollections.paris.fr/fr/musee-carnavalet/oeuvres/la-laitiere-8#infos-secondaires-detail.&lt;/ref&gt; the milkmaid is portrayed as flirtatious and, perhaps, not virtuous. She is wearing clogs and two white aprons. Her bodice is laced in front, the ruffle is probably her chemise showing at her neckline, and the peplum sticks out, drawing attention to her hips. As apparently was typical, she is wearing a red skirt, short enough for her ankles to show. The piece around her neck has become untucked from her bodice, contributing to the sexualizing, as does the object hanging from her left hand and directing the eye to her bosom. (The collection of engravings that contains this one is undated but probably from the late 19th or early 20th century.)

The 1787 &lt;bdi&gt;Adolf Ulrik Wertmüller&lt;/bdi&gt; portrait of Madame Adélaïde Aughié in the Royal Dairy at Petit Trianon-Le Hameau&lt;ref&gt;Wertmüller, Adolf Ulrik. ''Adélaïde Auguié as a Dairy-Maid in the Royal Dairy at Trianon''. 1787. The National Museum of Sweden, Inventory number NM 4881. https://collection.nationalmuseum.se/en/collection/item/21931/.&lt;/ref&gt; (right) is about as casual as Le Trianon got. A contemporary of Marie Antoinette, she is in costume as a milkmaid in the Royal Dairy at Trianon, perhaps for a theatrical event or a game. Her dress is not in the à la Polonaise style but a court interpretation of what a milkmaid would look like, in keeping with the hired workers at le Trianon.

==== The 3 Poufs ====
Visually, the style à la Polonaise is defined by the 3 poufs made by the gathering-up of the overskirt. Initially most of the fabric was bunched to make the poufs, but eventually they were padded or even supported by panniers. Payne describes how the polonaise skirt was constructed, mentioning only bunched fabric and not padding:&lt;blockquote&gt;The dairy maid, or polonaise, style could be achieved either by pulling the lower part of the overskirt through its own pocket holes, thus creating a bouffant effect, or by planned control of the overskirt, through the cut or by means of draw cords, ribbons, or loops and buttons, [or, later, buckles] which were used to form the three great ‘poufs’ known as the polonaise .... These diversions [the poufs] appeared in the late [seventeen] sixties and became prevalent in the seventies. They were much like the familiar styles of our own [American] Revolutionary War period.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|413}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;[[File:Robe à la polonaise jaune et violette, Galerie des modes, Fonds d'estampes du XVIIIème siècle, G.4555.jpg|thumb|Robe à la polonaise, c. 1775]]The overskirt, which was gathered or pulled into the 3 distinctive poufs, was sometimes quite elaborately decorated, revealing the place of this garment in high fashion (rather than what an actual working dairy maid might wear). The fabrics in the underskirt and overskirt sometimes were different and contrasting; in simpler styles, the two skirts might have the same fabrics. More complexly styled dresses were heavily decorated with ruffles, bows, [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Plastics|plastics]], ribbons, flowers, lace and trim.

The c. 1775&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;&quot;Robe à la polonaise jaune et violette, Galerie des modes, Fonds d'estampes du XVIIIème siècle.&quot; Palais Galliera, musée de la Mode de la Ville de Paris. Inventory number: G.4555. https://www.parismuseescollections.paris.fr/fr/palais-galliera/oeuvres/robe-a-la-polonaise-jaune-et-violette-galerie-des-modes-fonds-d-estampes-du#infos-principales.&lt;/ref&gt; fashion color print (right) shows the way the overskirt of the Polonaise was gathered into 3 poufs, one in back and one on either side. In this illustration, the underskirt and the overskirt have the same yellow fabric trimmed with a flat band of purple fabric. The 18th-century caption printed below the image identifies it as a &quot;Jeune Dame en robe à la Polonoise de taffetas garnie a plat de bandes d'une autre couleur: elle est coeffée d'un mouchoir a bordures découpées, ajusté avec gout et bordé de fleurs [Young Lady in a Polonaise dress of taffeta trimmed flat with bands of another color: she is wearing a handkerchief with cut edges, tastefully adjusted and bordered with flowers].&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt;

The skirt's few embellishments are the tasseled bows creating the poufs. The gathered underskirt falls straight from the padded hips to a few inches above the floor. Her cap is interesting, perhaps a forerunner of the mob cap (here a handkerchief worn as a cap [&quot;mouchoir a bordures découpées&quot;]).

===== The Evolution of the Polonaise into Court Dress =====
Part of the original attraction of the robe à la Polonaise was that women did not wear their usual heavy corsets and hoops, which is what would have made this style informal, playful, easy to move in, an escape from the stiffness of court life. Traditionally court dress with panniers and the robe à la Polonaise were thought to be separate, competing styles, but actually the two styles influenced each other and evolved into a design that combined elements from both.

By the time the robe à la Polonaise became court dress, the poufs were no longer only bunched fabric but large, controlled elaborations that were supported by structural elements, and the silhouette of the dress had returned to the ellipsis shape provided by panniers, with perhaps a little more fullness in front and back. The underskirt fell straight down from the hip level, indicating that some kind of padding or structure pulled it away from the body.

Court dress required the controlled shape of the skirt and a tightly structured bodice, which could have been achieved with corseting or tight lacing of the bodice itself. In the combined style, the bodice comes to a pointed V below the waist, which could only be kept flat by stays. While the Polonaise was ankle length, court dress touched the floor.

The following 3 images are fashion prints showing Marie Antoinette in court dress influenced by the robe à la Polonaise, made into a personal style for the queen by the asymmetrical poufs, the reduction of Rococo decoration, layers stacked upon each other and a length that keeps the hem of the skirts off the floor.[[File:Marie Antoinette de modekoningin Gallerie des Modes et Costumes Français Gallerie des Modes et Costumes Français, 1787, ooo 356 Grand habit de bal a la Cour (..), RP-P-2009-1213.jpg|thumb|Marie Antoinette in a Court Ball Gown à la Polonaise|left]]The 1787 &quot;Grand habit de bal à la Cour, avec des manches à la Gabrielle &amp; c.&quot; (left) by printmaker Nicolas Dupin, after a drawing by Augustin de Saint-Aubin, shows Marie Antoinette in a ballgown for the court with sleeves à la Gabrielle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/object/Marie-Antoinette-The-Queen-of-Fashion-Gallerie-des-Modes-et-Costumes-Francais--10ceb0e05fbb45ad4941bed1dacb27f1|title=Marie Antoinette: The Queen of Fashion: Gallerie des Modes et Costumes Français|website=Rijksmuseum.nl|language=en|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

This ballgown, influenced by the robe à la polonaise, is balanced but asymmetrical and seems to have panniers for support of the side poufs. The only decoration on the skirt is ribbon or braid and tassels. Contrasting fabrics replace the [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Frou-frou|frou-frou]] for more depth and interest. The lining of the poufs has been pulled out for another contrasting color. The print makes it impossible to tell if the purple is an underskirt and an overskirt or one skirt with attached loops of the ribbon-like trim. 

(A sleeve à la Gabrielle has turned out to be difficult to define. The best we can do, which is not perfect, is a 4 July 1814 description: &quot;On fait, depuis quelque temps, des manches à la Gabrielle. Ces manches, plus courtes que les manches ordinaires, se terminent par plusieurs rangs de garnitures. Au lieu d'un seul bouillonné au poignet, on en met trois ou quatre, que l'on sépare par un poignet.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Modes.&quot; ''Journal des Dames et des Modes''. 4 July 1814 (18:37), vol. 10, 1. ''Google Books'' https://books.google.com/books?id=kwNdAAAAcAAJ.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|296}} [&quot;For some time now, sleeves have been made in the Gabrielle style. These sleeves, shorter than ordinary sleeves, end in several rows of trimmings. Instead of a single ruffle at the wrist, three or four are used, separated by a wrist treatment.&quot;] The sleeves on the bodice of robes à la Polonaise seem to have been short, 3/4-length or less.) [[File:Gallerie des Modes et Costumes Français, 1787, sss 384 Robe de Cour à la Turque (..), RP-P-2009-1220.jpg|thumb|Marie Antoinette in a Court Dress à la Turque]]The c. 1787 &quot;Robe de Cour à la Turque, coeffure Orientale aves des aigrettes et plumes, &amp;c.&quot; (right) by printmaker Nicolas Dupin, after a drawing by Augustin de Saint-Aubin, shows Marie Antoinette in a court dress à la Turque with a headdress that has [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Aigrette|aigrettes]] and plumes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/object/---75499afec371ac1741dd98d769b14698|title=Gallerie des Modes et Costumes Français, 1787, sss 384 : Robe de Cour à la Turque; (...)|website=Rijksmuseum.nl|language=en|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; The &quot;coeffure Orientale&quot; seems to be a highly stylized turban.

This court dress is à la Polonaise in that it has poufs, but it has 2 layers of poufs and an underskirt with a large ruffle. With its unusual striped fabric, its contrasting colors, the very asymmetrical skirt and the ruffles, bows and tassels, this is an elaborate and visually complex dress, but it is not decorated with a lot of [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Frou-frou|frou-frou]].

Several prints in this fashion collection show the robe à la Turque, a late-Georgian style [1750–1790],&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|250}} none of which look &quot;Turkish&quot; in the slightest. Lewandowski defines robe à la Turque:&lt;blockquote&gt;

Very tight bodice with trained over-robe with funnel sleeves and a collar. Worn with a draped sash.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|250}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Her &quot;Robe à la Reine&quot; might offer a better description of this outfit, or at least of the overskirt:&lt;blockquote&gt;Popular from 1776 to 1787, bodice with an attached overskirt swagged back to show the underskirt. .... Gown was short sleeved and elaborately decorated.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|250}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;[[File:Marie Antoinette de modekoningin Gallerie des Modes et Costumes Français Gallerie des Modes et Costumes Francais, 1787, ooo.359, Habit de Cour en hyver (titel op object), RP-P-2004-1142.jpg|thumb|Marie Antoinette in Winter Court Fashion]]

This 18th-century interpretation of what looked Turkish would have been about what was fashionable and, in the case of Marie Antoinette's court, dramatic.

The 1787 &quot;Habit de Cour en hyver garni de fourrures &amp;c.&quot; (right) of Marie Antoinette by printmaker Nicolas Dupin, after a drawing by Augustin de Saint-Aubin, shows Marie Antoinette in a winter court outfit trimmed with white fur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/object/Marie-Antoinette-The-Queen-of-Fashion-Gallerie-des-Modes-et-Costumes-Francais--727dc366885cc0596cd60d7b2c57e207|title=Marie Antoinette: The Queen of Fashion: Gallerie des Modes et Costumes Français|website=Rijksmuseum.nl|language=en|access-date=2025-05-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Unusually, this &quot;habit&quot; à la Polonaise has a train. The highly stylized court version of a mob cap was appropriated from the peasantry and turned into this extravagant headdress with its unrealistic high crown and its huge ribbon and bows. This outfit as a whole is balanced even though individual elements (like the cap and the white drapes gathered and bunched with bows and tassels) are out of proportion.

The decadence of the aristocratic and royal classes in France at the end of the 18th century are revealed by these extravagant, dramatic fashions in court dress. These restructured, redesigned court dresses are the merging of the earlier, highly decorated and formal pannier style with the simpler, informal style à la Polonaise. The design is complex, but the complexity does not result from the variety of decorations. The most important differences in the merged design are in the radical reduction of frou-frou and the number of layers. Also, sometimes, the skirts are ankle rather than floor length. The foundation garments held the layers away from the legs, not restricting movement. The different styles of farthingales that existed at the same time are variations on a theme, but the panniers and the Polonaise styles, which also existed at the same time, had different purposes and were designed for different events, but the two styles influenced each other to the point that they merged. 

All the various forms of hoops we've discussed so far are not discrete but moments in a long evolution of foundation structures. Once fashion had moved on, they all passed out of style and were not repeated. Except the Polonaise, which had influence beyond the 18th century — in the 1870s revival of the à la Polonaise style and in Victorian fancy-dress (or costume) balls. For example, [[Social Victorians/People/Pembroke#Lady Beatrix Herbert|Lady Beatrix Herbert]] at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's fancy-dress ball]] was wearing a Polonaise, based on a Thomas Gainsborough portrait of dancer Giovanna Baccelli.

=== Crinoline Hoops ===
''[[Social Victorians/Terminology#Crinoline|Crinoline]]'', technically, is the name for a kind of stiff fabric made mostly from horsehair and sometimes linen, stiffened with starch or glue, and used for [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Foundation Garments|foundation garments]] like petticoats or bustles. The term ''crinoline'' was not used at first for the cage (shown in the image below left), but that kind of structure came to be called a crinoline as well as a cage, and the term is still used in this way by some.

After the 1789 French Revolution, for about one generation, women stopped wearing corsets and hoops in western Europe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|445–446}} What they did wear was the Empire dress, a simple, columnar style of light-weight cotton fabric that idealized classical Greek outlines and aesthetics. Cotton was a fabric for the elite at this point since it was imported from India or the United States. Sometimes women moistened the fabric to reveal their &quot;natural&quot; bodies, showing that they were not wearing artificial understructures.[[File:Crinoline era3.gif|thumb|1860s Cage Showing the Structure|left]]

Beginning in the second decade of the 19th century and continuing through the 1830s, corsets returned and skirts became more substantial, widened by layers of flounced cotton petticoats — and in winter, heavy woolen or quilted ones. The waist moved down to the natural waist from the Empire height. As skirts got wider in the 1840s, the petticoats became too bulky and heavy, hanging against the legs and impeding movement. In the mid 1850s&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|510}} &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|78}} those layers of petticoats began to be replaced by hoops, which were lighter than all that fabric, even when made of steel, and even when really wide.

Lewandowski defines 3 kinds of 19th-century cages:&lt;blockquote&gt;cage: Crinoline (1840–1865 C.E.) to Bustle (1865–1890 C.E.). United Kingdom. Nickname for artificial crinoline; petticoat with whalebone hoops, wire, or watch-string.

cage Americaine: Crinoline (1840–1865 C.E.). France. Petticoat in which only bottom half was covered with fabric, upper half only boning.

cage empire: Crinoline (1840–1865 C.E.) to Bustle (1865–1890 C.E.). Popular from 1861 to 1869, slightly trained petticoat made of 30 steel hoops that increased in size as they approached the ground.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; (46)&lt;/blockquote&gt;

R. C. Milliett patented the first cage, or crinoline hoops in 1856 in Paris,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The Fashion.&quot; Citing the Collection of the Kent State University Museum. ''Facebook'' 6 August 2025. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=122200374008095594&amp;set=a.122128150262095594. The Fashion's WhatsApp channel: 

https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbBPfXc2UPBIy6Aj651n.&lt;/ref&gt; but cages were in use before the patent. Empress Eugénie of France, wife of Napoleon III, used the cage in 1855 to obscure evidence of pregnancy, which let her be more present in public:&lt;blockquote&gt;“On November 23, 1855, Lord Malmesbury went to a dinner at the Tuileries and found Eugénie “looking very handsome, and all appearances concealed by the large dresses now worn.”&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;Goldstone, Nancy. ''The Rebel Empresses: Elisabeth of Austria and Eugénie of France, Power and Glamour in the Struggle for Europe''. Little, Brown, 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|296}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The caged crinoline was Eugénie's&lt;blockquote&gt;signature, over-the-top look. An update on the eighteenth-century pannier worn by her muse, Marie Antoinette, the caged crinoline created a skirt so broad that it often made it difficult for a woman wearing one to get through a doorway [like the court panniers of Marie Antoinette's time]. Because they were all the rage at the French court, crinolines were immensely popular for years — Sisi [Elisabeth, Empress of Austro-Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire as well as Queen Victoria] owned one ... — but for Eugenie, the dome-shaped skirts had the added advantage, as Malmesbury pointed out, of hiding her condition in case she miscarried again.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot; /&gt;{{rp|296, n. vi}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The sketch (above left) shows a crinoline cage from the 1850s and 1860s, making clear the structure that underlay the very wide, bell or hemisphere shapes of the era without the fabric that would normally have covered it.&lt;ref&gt;Jensen, Carl Emil. ''Karikatur-album: den evropaeiske karikature-kunst fra de aeldste tider indtil vor dage. Vaesenligst paa grundlag af Eduard Fuchs : Die karikature'', Eduard Fuchs. Vol. 1. København, A. Chrustuabsebs Forlag, 1906. P. 504, Fig. 474 (probably) ''Google Books'' https://books.google.com/books?id=BUlHAQAAMAAJ.&lt;/ref&gt; (This image was published in a book in 1904, but it may have been drawn earlier. The [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Chemise|chemise]] is accurate but oversimplified, minus the usual ruffles, more for the wealthy and less for the working classes.) '''The common underwear of this time would have been two individual legs connected at the waist, at most. The woman's crotch would not be enclosed, leaving her exposed if she fell or the wind was strong enough to lift her skirts far enough.''' 

[[Social Victorians/People/Louisa Montagu Cavendish|Louise, Duchess of Manchester (later Duchess of Devonshire)]] must have been wearing a cage like this in 1859 when one of her hoops caught in a stile she was crossing and she fell. She landed &quot;on her feet with her cage and whole petticoats remaining above her head,&quot; revealing &quot;to all the world in general and the Duc de Malakoff in particular&quot; that she was wearing &quot;a pair of scarlet tartan knickerbockers,&quot; the kind of garment men would wear when hunting.&lt;ref name=&quot;:202&quot;&gt;Vane, Henry. ''Affair of State: A Biography of the 8th Duke and Duchess of Devonshire''. Peter Owen, 2004.&lt;/ref&gt;

When people think of 1860s hoops, they think of this shape, the one shown in, say, the 1939 film ''Gone with the Wind''. The extremely wide, round shape, which is what we are accustomed to seeing in historical fiction and among re-enactors, was very popular in the late 1850s and early 1860s, but it was not the only shape hoops took at this time. The half-sphere shape — in spite of what popular history prepares us to think — was far from universal.[[File:Miss Victoria Stuart-Wortley, later Victoria, Lady Welby (1837-1912) 1859.jpg|thumb|Victoria Stuart-Wortley, 1859]]As the 1860s progressed, hoops (and skirts) moved towards the back, creating more fullness there and leaving a flatter front. The photographs below show the range of choices for women in this decade. Cages could be more or less wide, skirts could be more or less full in back and more or less flat in front, and skirts could be smooth, pleated or folded, or gathered. Skirts could be decorated  with any of the many kinds of ruffles or with layers (sometimes made of contrasting fabrics), and they could be part of an outfit with a long bodice or jacket (sometimes, in fact, a [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Peplum|peplum]]). As always, the woman's social class and sense of style, modesty and practicality affected her choices.

In her portrait (right) Victoria Stuart-Wortley (later Victoria, Lady Welby) is shown in 1859, two years before she became one of Queen Victoria's maids of honor. While Stuart-Wortley is dressed fashionably, her style of clothing is modest and conservative. The wrinkles and folds in the skirt suggest that she could be wearing numerous petticoats (which would have been practical in cold buildings), but the smoothness and roundness of the silhouette of the skirt suggest that she is wearing conservative hoops.[[File:Elisabeth Franziska wearing a crinoline and feathered hat.jpg|thumb|Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska, 1860s|left]]

The portrait of Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska (left) offers an example of hoops from the 1860s that are not half-sphere shaped and a skirt that is not made to fit smoothly over them. The dress seems to have a short peplum whose edges do not reach the front. She is standing close to the base of the column and possibly leaning on the balustrade, distorting the shape of the skirt by pushing the hoop forward.

This dress has a complex and sophisticated design, in part because of the weight and textures of the fabric and trim. The folds in the skirt are unusually deep. Even though the textured or flocked fabric is light-colored, this could be a winter dress.

The skirt is trimmed with zig-zag rows of ruffles and a ruffle along the bottom edge. The ruffles may be double with the top ruffle a very narrow one (made of an eyelet or some kind of textured fabric). Both the top and bottom edges of the tiered double ruffles are outlined in a contrasting fabric, perhaps of ribbon or another lace, perhaps even crocheted. Visual interest comes from the three-dimensionality provided by the ruffles and the contrast caused by dark crocheted or ribbon edging on the ruffles. In fact, the ruffles are the focus of this outfit.

[[File:Her Majesty the Queen Victoria.JPG|thumb|Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle, 1861]]
The photographic portrait (right) of Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle, in evening dress with diadem and jewels, is by Charles Clifford&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://wellcomecollection.org/works/ppgcfuck|title=Queen Victoria. Photograph by C. Clifford, 1861.|website=Wellcome Collection|language=en|access-date=2025-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; of Madrid, dated 14 November 1861 and now held by the Wellcome Institute. Prince Albert died on 14 December 1861,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-01-20|title=Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; so this carte-de-visite portrait was taken one month before Victoria went into mourning for 40 years.

This fashionable dress could be a ballgown designed by a designer.

The hoops under these skirts appear to be round rather than elliptical but are rather modest in their width and not extreme. That is, there is as much fullness in the front and back as on the sides. In this style, the skirt has a smooth appearance because it is not fuller at the bottom than the waist, where it is tightly gathered or pleated, so the skirts lie smoothly on the hoops and are not much fuller than the hoops. The smoothness of this skirt makes it definitive for its time. 

Instead of elaborate decoration, this visually complex dress depends on the woven moiré fabric with additional texture created by the shine and shadows in the bunched gathering of the fabric. The underskirt is gathered both at the waist and down the front, along what may be ribbons separating the gathers and making small horizontal bunches. The overskirt, which includes a train, has a vertical drape caused by the large folds at the waist. The horizontal design in the moiré fabric contrasts with the vertical and horizontal gathers of the underskirt and large, strongly vertical folds of the overskirt.[[File:Queen Victoria photographed by Mayall.JPG|thumb|Queen Victoria photographed by Mayall. early 1860s|left]]
The carte-de-visite portrait of Queen Victoria by John Jabez Edwin Paisley Mayall (left) shows hoops that are more full in the back than the front. Mayall took a number of photographs of the royal family in 1860 and in 1861 that were published as cartes de visite,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-11-08|title=John Jabez Edwin Mayall|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jabez_Edwin_Mayall|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the style of Victoria's dress is consistent with the early 1860s.

The fact that she has white or a very light color at her collar and wrists suggests that she was not in full mourning and thus wore this dress before Prince Albert died on 14 December 1861. We cannot tell what color this dress is, and it may not be black in spite of how it appears in this photograph. Victoria's hoops are modest — not too full — and mostly round, slightly flatter in the front. The skirt gathers more as it goes around the sides to the back and falls without folds in the front, where it is smoother, even over the flatter hoops. This is a winter garment with bulky sleeves and possibly fur trim. Except for what may be an undergarment at the wrists, this one-layer garment might be a dress or a bodice and skirt (perhaps with a short jacket). Over-trimmed garments were standard in this period. Lacking layers, ruffles, lace or frou-frou, the simple design of Victoria's dress is deliberate and balanced — and looks warm.

The bourgeois, inexpensive-looking design of this dress echoes Victoria's performance of a queen who is respectable and responsible rather than aristocratic and &quot;fashion forward.&quot; So she looks like a middle-class matron.[[File:Queen Emma of Hawaii, photograph by John &amp; Charles Watkins, The Royal Collection Trust (crop).jpg|thumb|Queen Emma Kaleleokalani of Hawai'i, 1865]]

The portrait (right) of Queen Emma of Hawaii —  Emma Kalanikaumakaʻamano Kaleleonālani Naʻea Rooke — is a carte de visite from an album of ''Royal Portraits'' that Queen Victoria collected. The carte-de-visite photograph is labelled 1865 and ''Queen Emma of the Sandwich Islands'',&lt;ref&gt;Unknown Photographer. ''Emma Kalanikaumakaʻamano Kaleleonālani Naʻea Rooke, Queen of the Kingdom of Hawaii (1836-85)''. ''www.rct.uk''. Retrieved 2025-02-07. https://www.rct.uk/collection/2908295/emma-kalanikaumakaamano-kaleleonalani-naea-rooke-queen-of-the-kingdom-of-hawaii.&lt;/ref&gt; possibly in Victoria's hand. How Victoria got this photograph is not clear. Queen Emma traveled to North America and Europe between 6 May 1865 and 23 October 1866,&lt;ref&gt;Benton, Russell E. ''Emma Naea Rooke (1836-1885), Beloved Queen of Hawaii''. Lewiston, N.Y., U.S.A. : E. Mellen Press, 1988. ''Internet Archive'' https://archive.org/details/emmanaearooke1830005bent/.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|49}} visiting London twice, the second time in June 1866.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-01-07|title=Queen Emma of Hawaii|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Emma_of_Hawaii|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In her portrait Queen Emma is standing before some books and an open jewelry box. She shows an elegant sense of style.

The silhouette shows a sophisticated variation of the hoops as the fullness has moved to the back and the front flattened. The large pleats suggest a lot of fabric, but the front falls almost straight down. The overskirt and bodice are made from a satin-weave fabric, and the petticoat has a matt woven surface. The overskirt is longer in the back, leading us to expect the petticoat also to be longer and to turn into a train. Although the hoops cause the skirt to fall away from her body in back, the skirt does not drag on the floor as a train would and just clears the floor all the way around.

This optical illusion of a train makes this dress look more formal than it actually was. The covered shoulders and décolletage say the dress was not a formal or evening gown. In fact, this looks like a winter dress, and the sleeves (which she has pushed up above her wrist) are wrinkled, suggesting they may be padded. Queen Emma seems to have worn veils like this at other times as well, especially after the death of her husband, as did Victoria, so this is also not her wedding dress.

Popular history has led us to believe that crinoline hoops were half-spherical and always very wide, but photographs of the time show a variety of shapes for skirts, with many women wearing skirts that had flatter fronts and more fabric in the back. In fact, also in the 1860s, according to Lewandowski, a version of the bustle — called a crinolette or crinolette petticoat — developed:&lt;blockquote&gt;Crinolette petticoat: Bustle (1865–1890 C.E.). Worn in 1870 and revived in 1883, petticoat cut flat in front and with half circle steel hoops in back and flounces on bottom back.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|78}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

This development of a bustle mid century is the result of construction techniques that include foundation structures and specifically shaped pattern pieces to achieve the evolving silhouette, in this case part of the general movement of the fullness of skirts away from the front and toward the back. The other essential element of these construction techniques is angled seams in the skirts, made by gores, pieces of fabric shaped to fit the waist (and sometimes the hips) and to widen at the bottom so that the skirt flares outward.

==== The 19th-century Revival of the Polonaise ====
The Polonaise style was revived in the last third of the 19th century, but the revival did not bring back the 18th-century 3 poufs. The robe à la Polonaise had evolved. The foundation that created the poufs is gone, replaced possibly in fact by the crinolette petticoat or something like it. The panniers — and the 2 side poufs they supported — have gone, and the bulk of the fabric has been bunched in the back.

Also, the poufs on the sides have been replaced with a flat drape in front that functions as an overskirt.

The Polonaise dress (below left and right), in the collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, is English, dating from about 1875.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;&quot;Woman's Dress Ensemble.&quot; Costumes and Textiles. LACMA: Los Angeles County Museum of Art. https://collections.lacma.org/node/214459.&lt;/ref&gt; The sheer fabric has red &quot;wool supplementary patterning&quot; woven into the weft.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt; Because the mannequin is modern, we cannot be certain how long the skirts would have been on the woman who wore this dress.[[File:Woman's Polonaise Dress LACMA M.2007.211.777a-f (1 of 4).jpg|thumb|English Polonaise, c. 1875, front view|left]][[File:Woman's Polonaise Dress LACMA M.2007.211.777a-f (4 of 4).jpg|thumb|English Polonaise, c. 1875, side view]]The dress has an overskirt that is draped up toward the back and pulled under the top poof. The underskirt gets fuller at the bottom because it is constructed with gores to create the A-line but it is also slightly gathered at the waist.

The vertical element is emphasized by the angled silhouette and the folds caused by the gathering at the waist. The ruffles and lace form horizontal lines in the skirts. The skirts are very busy visually because of pattern in the fabric and the contrasting vertical and horizontal elements as well as the ruffles, some of which are double, and the machine-made lace at the edge of the ruffles. The skirts look three dimensional because of these elements and the layering of the fabric, multiplying the jagged-edged red &quot;supplementary patterning.&quot;

The fabric of the overskirt is cut, gathered and draped so that the poufs in back are full and rounded, but they are also possibly supported by some kind of foundation structure. The lower pouf in back introduces the idea that the fullness in the back is layered, making this element of the Polonaise a kind of precursor to the bustle and continuing what the crinolette petticoat began in the 1860s. This layering of the lower pouf also indicates one way a train might be attached.

Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote about the hoops her fictionalized self wore the century before, unusually, and calls her dress a Polonaise. Although they are common in current historical fiction, descriptions of foundation garments are rare in the writings of the women who wore them or in the literature of the time. In ''These Happy Golden Years'' (1943), Wilder gives a detailed description of the undergarments as well as the foundation garments under her dress, including a bustle, and talks about how they make the Polonaise look on her:&lt;blockquote&gt;
Then carefully over her under-petticoats she put on her hoops. She liked these new hoops. They were the very latest style in the East, and these were the first of the kind that Miss Bell had got. Instead of wires, there were wide tapes across the front, almost to her knees, holding the petticoats so that her dress would lie flat. These tapes held the wire bustle in place at the back, and it was an adjustable bustle. Short lengths of tape were fastened to either end of it; these could be buckled together underneath the bustle to puff it out, either large or small. Or they could be buckled together in front, drawing the bustle down close in back so that a dress rounded smoothly over it. Laura did not like a large bustle, so she buckled the tapes in front.

Then carefully over all she buttoned her best petticoat, and over all the starched petticoats she put on the underskirt of her new dress. It was of brown cambric, fitting smoothly around the top over the bustle, and gored to flare smoothly down over the hoops. At the bottom, just missing the floor, was a twelve-inch-wide flounce of the brown poplin, bound with an inch-wide band of plain brown silk. The poplin was not plain poplin, but striped with an openwork silk stripe.

Then over this underskirt and her starched white corset-cover, Laura put on the polonaise. Its smooth, long sleeves fitted her arms perfectly to the wrists, where a band of the plain silk ended them. The neck was high with a smooth band of the plain silk around the throat. The polonaise fitted tightly and buttoned all down the front with small round buttons covered with the plain brown silk. Below the smooth hips it flared and rippled down and covered the top of the flounce on the underskirt. A band of the plain silk finished the polonaise at the bottom.&lt;ref&gt;Wilder, Laura Ingalls. ''These Happy Golden Years.'' Harper &amp; Row, Publishers, 1943. Pp. 161–163.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
When a 20th-century Laura Ingalls Wilder calls her character's late-19th-century dress a polonaise, she is probably referring to the &quot;tight, unboned bodice&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; and perhaps a simple, modest look like the stereotype of a dairy maid. While the bodice was unboned, the fact that she is wearing a corset cover means that she is corseted under it.   
==== Bustle or Tournure ====
As we have seen, bustles were popular from around 1865 to 1890.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;{{rp|296}} The French term ''tournure'' was a euphemism in English for ''bustle''. The article on the tournure in the French ''Wikipédia'' addresses the purpose of the bustle and crinoline:&lt;blockquote&gt;
Crinoline et tournure ont exactement la même fonction déjà recherchée à d'autres époques avec le vertugadin et ses dérivés: soutenir l'ampleur de la jupe, et par là souligner par contraste la finesse de la taille; toute la mode du xixe siècle visant à accentuer les courbes féminines naturelles par le double emploi du corset affinant la taille et d'éléments accentuant la largeur des hanches (crinoline, tournure, drapés bouffants…).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2023-10-27|title=Tournure|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournure|journal=Wikipédia|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[Translation by ''Google Translate'': Crinoline and bustle have exactly the same function already sought in other periods with the farthingale and its derivatives: to support the fullness of the skirt, and thereby emphasize by contrast the finesse of the waist; all the fashion of the 19th century aimed at accentuating natural feminine curves by the dual use of the corset refining the waist and elements accentuating the width of the hips (crinoline, bustle, puffy drapes, etc.).]&lt;/blockquote&gt;Hoops' final phase was the development of the bustle, which as early as the 1860s was created by one of several methods: by draping the dress over a crinolette petticoat or some other structure, or by pulling the fabric to the back and bunching it with pleats or gathers. The overskirt so popular with the revival of the Polonaise pulled additional fabric to the back of the skirt, the poufs supported by some substructure, bunched fabric, padding and, often, ruffled petticoats. The bustle, then, is more complex than might be normally be thought and more complex than some of the earlier foundation garments in the evolution of hoops, in part because the silhouette of hoops (and dresses) was changing more rapidly in the last half of the 19th century than ever before.

[[File:La Gazette rose, 16 Mai 1874; robe à tournure.jpg|thumb|&quot;Toilettes de Printemps,&quot; 1874|left]]In fact, fashion trends were moving so fast at this point that the two &quot;bustle periods&quot; were actually only two decades, the 1870s and the 1880s. Bustle fashion was at its height for these two decades, which saw the line of the skirts change radically. As the bustle developed, the 1870s ruffles disappeared, replaced by draping and layering, which made the bustles more complex visually. 

&quot;Toilettes de Printemps&quot; (left), an 1874 French fashion plate, shows two women walking in the country, the one in green wearing an extremely long and impractical train. Both of these have several rows of ruffles beneath the overskirt — a short-lived fashion. The ruffles, which disappear in the 2nd bustle period, create a fullness in the front of the skirt at the bottom. The bodice of both dresses connects to an overskirt, like a jacket. The excess skirt fabric is draped in the back over a foundation structure. 

Plumes makes the hats tall, part of the proportioning with the bustle. The dog at the feet of the woman in the green dress recalls the dogs ubiquitous in earlier portraiture. 

The most common image of the bustle — the extreme form of the 1880s — required a complex foundation structure, one of which was &quot;steel springs placed inside the shirring [gathering] around the back of the petticoat.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; (296) Many manufacturers were making bustles by this time, offering women a choice on the kinds of materials used in the foundation structures ['''check this''']. [[File:Somm26.jpg|thumb|Henry Somm, 1880s]]The Henry Somm watercolor (right) offers a clear example of how extreme bustles got in the mid 1880s, in the 2nd bustle period. Henry Somm was the pen name that François Clément Sommier (1844–1907) used on his paintings.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-02-01|title=Henry Somm|url=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Somm&amp;oldid=222597815|journal=Wikipédia|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was in Paris beginning in the 1860s and so was present for the Civil War of 1870–71 and the rise of Impressionism in that highly political and dangerous context.&lt;ref&gt;Smee, Sebastian. ''Paris in Ruins: Love, War, and the Birth of Impressionism''. W. W. Norton, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

Somm's c. 1895&lt;ref&gt;&quot;File:Somm26.jpg.&quot; Henry Somm, &quot;An Elegantly Dressed Woman at a Door (wearing mid-1880s bustled fashions),&quot; c. 1895. June 2025. Wikimedia Commons 

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Somm26.jpg.&lt;/ref&gt; impressionist painting shows an immediate moment — an elegant mid-1880s woman outside a door, her right hand and face animated, as if she is talking to someone standing to our left.

Her skirt is quite narrow and flat in front with yards of fabric draped in poufs over the huge foundation bustle behind. This dress has no ruffles or excessive frills. The narrow sleeves and tall hat, along with the umbrella so tightly folded it looks like a stick, contribute to the lean silhouette. Details of the dress are not present because this painting is impressionistic rather than realistic, showcasing the play of light on the fabric and the elegance of the woman. The square corner of the front overskirt is not realistic draping, perhaps an artifact of the painter working from memory rather than a model.[[File:Elizabeth Alice Austen in June 1888.jpg|thumb|Elizabeth Alice Austen, 1888|left]]

The 1888 photograph of American photographer Elizabeth Alice Austen (left) is also from the 2nd bustle period. The very stylish Austen is wearing a bustle that is large but not as extreme as they got. The design of her dress is sophisticated and complex with the proportions more clearly presented than we see in paintings or fashion plates. Her plumed hat is tall, one of the vertical elements, along with the slim line of the bodice, sleeves and skirt. The overskirt is pulled to Austen's right so that it does not lie flat in front. The overskirt and bustle are made from 3 different fabrics with 3 different patterns. The front drape and bodice are made of a light-colored fabric with a light striped pattern, and the bustle has 2 fabrics, a shiny reflective material with no pattern and a strongly striped section that matches the underskirt. The strongly and horizontally striped fabric in the underskirt contrasts with the vertical line of the outfit itself.

In spite of the very strong contrasts in the stripes and horizontal and vertical elements, Austen's dress has a light touch about it. With the draped overskirt in front and the complex construction of the bustle, Austen's dress makes a delicate reference to the poufs of the [[Social Victorians/Terminology#The 19th-century Revival of the Polonaise|Polonaise revival]]. [[File:Cperrien-fashionplatescan-p-vf 33.jpg|thumb|Fashion plate, mid-1880s]]This mid-1880s fashion plate (right) has caricatures for figures, with the usual minuscule waists and feet, exaggerated height and bustles, and general lack of realism in the details of the dresses. In fact, the drawing obscures what is necessary to understand how they were constructed, but it is useful because of the 3 different ways bustles are working in the illustration.

The little girl's overskirt and sash function as a bustle, independent of whatever foundation garments she may be wearing. The two women's outfits have the characteristic narrow sleeves and tall hats, and the one in white is holding another extremely narrow umbrella as well.

The bustle on the red-and-white dress is draped loosely over the very large foundation structure that was typical of the 1880s. The striking red jagged edges define the draping of the overskirt in front and the ruffles on the sides. These ruffles are unlike the ruffles of the 1870s, which added volume. They are flattened essentially into layers, preventing them from sticking out and providing texture rather than fullness. The front overskirt is very flat and the back overskirt contributes to the bustle.

The front of the bodice on both dresses extends to a point determined by the corset and typical of Victorian shaping. The waist treatment on the green dress visually lengthens the point to an extreme. The front of the green skirt is draped and layered. Tiny pleats peep out from below the skirt on both women's dresses. The child's dress has 3 flat pleated ruffles in front that contrast with the fuller but still controlled folds in the back.

These dresses have strongly vertical lines with contrasting horizontal lines in the bustles and trim.

Conclusion

'''Trains, skirt length, movement, materials, one evolutionary process, natural fabrics, accelerating change in fashion, designers and seamstresses, medium of our illustrations'''

== Jewelry and Stones ==

=== Cabochon ===
This term describes both the treatment and shape of a precious or semiprecious stone. A cabochon treatment does not facet the stone but merely polishes it, removing &quot;the rough parts&quot; and the parts that are not the right stone.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;cabochon, n.&quot; ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, December 2022, www.oed.com/view/Entry/25778. Accessed 7 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; A cabochon shape is often flat on one side and oval or round, forming a mound in the setting.

=== Cairngorm ===

=== Ferronnière ===
A revival of a Renaissance fashion for controlling the hair and headdress. Usually made of a filet, often with a single pendant stone in the center of the forehead, although the Victorians' ferronnières were often elaborate and encrusted with jewels.&lt;ref&gt;Boyington, Amy. &quot;Ferronnière.&quot; ''History with Amy'' 5 November 2025.

Website fb.watch/FBMyC7bqde [links to fb.watch not allowed].&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Half-hoop ===
Usually of a ring or bracelet, a precious-metal band with a setting of stones on one side, covering perhaps about 1/3 or 1/2 of the band. Half-hoop jewelry pieces were occasionally given as wedding gifts to the bride.

=== Jet ===

=== ''Orfèvrerie'' ===
Sometimes misspelled in the newspapers as ''orvfèvrerie''. ''Orfèvrerie'' is the artistic work of a goldsmith, silversmith, or jeweler.

=== Ribbon Necklace ===
=== Solitaire ===
A solitaire is a ring with a single stone set as the focal point. Solitaire rings were occasionally given as wedding gifts to the bride.

=== Turquoise ===

== Mantle, Cloak, Cape ==
In 19th-century newspaper accounts, these terms are sometimes used without precision as synonyms. These are all outer garments.

=== '''Mantle''' ===
A mantle — often a long outer garment — might have elements like a train, sleeves, collars, revers, fur, and a cape. A late-19th-century writer making a distinction between a mantle and a cloak might use ''mantle'' if the garment is more voluminous.

== Military ==
Several men from the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 1897 fancy-dress ball at Devonshire House]] were dressed in military uniforms, some historical and some, possibly, not.

=== Baldric ===
According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', the primary sense of ''baldric'' is &quot;A belt or girdle, usually of leather and richly ornamented, worn pendent from one shoulder across the breast and under the opposite arm, and used to support the wearer's sword, bugle, etc.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;baldric, n.&quot; ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, March 2023, www.oed.com/view/Entry/14849. Accessed 17 May 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; This sense has been in existence since c. 1300.

=== Cuirass ===
According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', the primary sense of ''cuirass'' is &quot;A piece of armour for the body (originally of leather); ''spec.'' a piece reaching down to the waist, and consisting of a breast-plate and a back-plate, buckled or otherwise fastened together ....&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;cuirass, n.&quot; ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, March 2023, www.oed.com/view/Entry/45604. Accessed 17 May 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Knötel IV, 04.jpg|thumb|alt=An Old drawing in color of British soldiers on horses brandishing swords in 1815.|1890 illustration of the Household Cavalry (Life Guard, left; Horse Guard, right) at the Battle of Waterloo, 1815]]
=== Household Cavalry ===
The Royal Household contains the Household Cavalry, a corps of British Army units assigned to the monarch. It is made up of 2 regiments, the Life Guards and what is now called The Blues and Royals, which were formed around the time of &quot;the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Joll, Christopher. &quot;Tales of the Household Cavalry, No. 1. Roles.&quot; The Household Cavalry Museum, https://householdcavalry.co.uk/app/uploads/sites/2/2021/06/Household-Cavalry-Museum-video-series-large-print-text-Tales-episode-01.pdf.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|1}} Regimental Historian Christopher Joll says, &quot;the original Life Guards were formed as a mounted bodyguard for the exiled King Charles II, The Blues were raised as Cromwellian cavalry and The Royals were established to defend Tangier.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;{{rp|1–2}} The 1st and 2nd Life Guards were formed from &quot;the Troops of Horse and Horse Grenadier Guards ... in 1788.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;{{rp|3}} The Life Guards were and are still official bodyguards of the queen or king, but through history they have been required to do quite a bit more than serve as bodyguards for the monarch.

The Household Cavalry fought in the Battle of Waterloo on Sunday, 18 June 1815 as heavy cavalry.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;{{rp|3}} Besides arresting the Cato Steet conspirators in 1820 &quot;and guarding their subsequent execution,&quot; the Household Cavalry contributed to the &quot;the expedition to rescue General Gordon, who was trapped in Khartoum by The Mahdi and his army of insurgents&quot; in 1884.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;{{rp|3}} In 1887 they &quot;were involved ... in the suppression of rioters in Trafalgar Square on Bloody Sunday.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;{{rp|3}} 

==== Grenadier Guards ====
Three men — [[Social Victorians/People/Gordon-Lennox#Lord Algernon Gordon Lennox|Lord Algernon Gordon-Lennox]], [[Social Victorians/People/Stanley#Edward George Villiers Stanley, Lord Stanley|Lord Stanley]], and [[Social Victorians/People/Stanley#Hon. Ferdinand Charles Stanley|Hon. F. C. Stanley]] — attended the ball as officers of the Grenadier Guards, wearing &quot;scarlet tunics, ... full blue breeches, scarlet hose and shoes, lappet wigs&quot; as well as items associated with weapons and armor.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;“The Duchess of Devonshire’s Ball.” The ''Gentlewoman'' 10 July 1897 Saturday: 32–42 [of 76], Cols. 1a–3c [of 3]. ''British Newspaper Archive'' https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003340/18970710/155/0032.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|p. 34, Col. 2a}}

Founded in England in 1656 as Foot Guards, this infantry regiment &quot;was granted the 'Grenadier' designation by a Royal Proclamation&quot; at the end of the Napoleonic Wars.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2023-04-22|title=Grenadier Guards|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grenadier_Guards&amp;oldid=1151238350|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenadier_Guards.&lt;/ref&gt; They were not called Grenadier Guards, then, before about 1815. In 1660, the Stuart Restoration, they were called Lord Wentworth's Regiment, because they were under the command of Thomas Wentworth, 5th Baron Wentworth.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2022-07-24|title=Lord Wentworth's Regiment|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lord_Wentworth%27s_Regiment&amp;oldid=1100069077|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Wentworth%27s_Regiment.&lt;/ref&gt;

At the time of Lord Wentworth's Regiment, the style of the French cavalier had begun to influence wealthy British royalists. In the British military, a Cavalier was a wealthy follower of Charles I and Charles II — a commander, perhaps, or a field officer, but probably not a soldier.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2023-04-22|title=Cavalier|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cavalier&amp;oldid=1151166569|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalier.&lt;/ref&gt;

The Guards were busy as infantry in the 17th century, engaging in a number of armed conflicts for Great Britain, but they also served the sovereign. According to the Guards Museum,&lt;blockquote&gt;In 1678 the Guards were ordered to form Grenadier Companies, these men were the strongest and tallest of the regiment, they carried axes, hatches and grenades, they were the shock troops of their day. Instead of wearing tri-corn hats they wore a mitre shaped cap.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theguardsmuseum.com/about-the-guards/history-of-the-foot-guards/history-page-2/|title=Service to the Crown|website=The Guards Museum|language=en-GB|access-date=2023-05-15}} https://theguardsmuseum.com/about-the-guards/history-of-the-foot-guards/history-page-2/.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;The name comes from ''grenades'', then, and we are accustomed to seeing them in front of Buckingham Palace, with their tall mitre hats.

The Guard fought in the American Revolution, and in the 19th century, the Grenadier Guards fought in the Crimean War, Sudan and the Boer War. They have roles as front-line troops and as ceremonial for the sovereign, which makes them elite:&lt;blockquote&gt;Queen Victoria decreed that she did not want to see a single chevron soldier within her Guards. Other then [sic] the two senior Warrant Officers of the British Army, the senior Warrant Officers of the Foot Guards wear a large Sovereigns personal coat of arms badge on their upper arm. No other regiments of the British Army are allowed to do so; all the others wear a small coat of arms of their lower arms. Up until 1871 all officers in the Foot Guards had the privilege of having double rankings. An Ensign was ranked as an Ensign and Lieutenant, a Lieutenant as Lieutenant and Captain and a Captain as Captain and Lieutenant Colonel. This was because at the time officers purchased their own ranks and it cost more to purchase a commission in the Foot Guards than any other regiments in the British Army. For example if it cost an officer in the Foot Guards £1,000 for his first rank, in the rest of the Army it would be £500 so if he transferred to another regiment he would loose [sic] £500, hence the higher rank, if he was an Ensign in the Guards and he transferred to a Line Regiment he went in at the higher rank of Lieutenant.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theguardsmuseum.com/about-the-guards/history-of-the-foot-guards/history-page-1/|title=Formation and role of the Regiments|website=The Guards Museum|language=en-GB|access-date=2023-05-15}} https://theguardsmuseum.com/about-the-guards/history-of-the-foot-guards/history-page-1/.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==== Life Guards ====
[[Social Victorians/People/Shrewsbury#Reginald Talbot's Costume|General the Hon. Reginald Talbot]], a member of the 1st Life Guards, attended the Duchess of Devonshire's ball dressed in the uniform of his regiment during the Battle of Waterloo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;{{rp|p. 36, Col. 3b}}

At the Battle of Waterloo the 1st Life Guards were part of the 1st Brigade — the Household Brigade — and were commanded by Major-General Lord Edward Somerset.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2023-09-30|title=Battle of Waterloo|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Waterloo&amp;oldid=1177893566|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo.&lt;/ref&gt; The 1st Life Guards were on &quot;the extreme right&quot; of a French countercharge and &quot;kept their cohesion and consequently suffered significantly fewer casualties.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
== [[Social Victorians/Mourning|Mourning]] ==
== Peplum ==
According to the French ''Wiktionnaire'', a peplum is a &quot;Short skirt or flared flounce layered at the waist of a jacket, blouse or dress&quot; [translation by Google Translate].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2021-07-02|title=péplum|url=https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=p%C3%A9plum&amp;oldid=29547727|journal=Wiktionnaire, le dictionnaire libre|language=fr}} https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/p%C3%A9plum.&lt;/ref&gt; The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' has a fuller definition, although, it focuses on women's clothing because the sense is written for the present day:&lt;blockquote&gt;''Fashion''. ... a kind of overskirt resembling the ancient peplos (''obsolete''). Hence (now usually) in modern use: a short flared, gathered, or pleated strip of fabric attached at the waist of a woman's jacket, dress, or blouse to create a hanging frill or flounce.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;“peplum, n.”. ''Oxford English Dictionary'', Oxford University Press, September 2023, &lt;https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/1832614702&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Men haven't worn peplums since the 18th century, except when wearing costumes based on historical portraits. The ''Daily News'' reported in 1896 that peplums had been revived as a fashion item for women.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== Revers ==
According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', ''revers'' are the &quot;edge[s] of a garment turned back to reveal the undersurface (often at the lapel or cuff) (chiefly in ''plural''); the material covering such an edge.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;revers, n.&quot; ''OED Online'', Oxford University Press, March 2023, www.oed.com/view/Entry/164777. Accessed 17 April 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; The term is French and was used this way in the 19th century (according to the ''Wiktionnaire'').&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2023-03-07|title=revers|url=https://fr.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=revers&amp;oldid=31706560|journal=Wiktionnaire|language=fr}} https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/revers.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Traditional vs Progressive Style ==

=== Progressive Style ===
The terms ''artistic dress'' and ''aesthetic dress'' — as well as ''rational dress'' or ''dress reform'' — are not synonymous and were in use at different times to refer to different groups of people in different contexts, but we recognize them as referring to a similar kind of personal style in clothing, a style we call progressive dress or the progressive style. Used in a very precise way, ''artistic dress'' is associated with the Pre-Raphaelite artists and the women in their circle beginning in the 1860s. Similarly, ''aesthetic dress'' is associated with the 1880s and 1890s and dress reform movements, as is ''rational dress'', a movement located largely among women in the middle classes from the middle to the end of the century. In general, what we are calling the progressive style is characterized by its resistance to the highly structured fashion of its day, especially corseting, aniline dyes and an extremely close fit. This group of styles was more about individual choices and approaches than the consistent vision offered by couturiers like Maison Worth.

* [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Alice Comyns Carr and Ada Nettleship|Ada Nettleship]]: Constance Wilde and Ellen Terry; an 1883 exhibition of dress by the Rational Dress Society featured her work, including trousers for women (with a short overskirt)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-04-21|title=Ada Nettleship|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ada_Nettleship&amp;oldid=1286707541|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Alice Comyns Carr and Ada Nettleship|Alice Comyns Carr]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-06-06|title=Alice Comyns Carr|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alice_Comyns_Carr&amp;oldid=1294283929|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Grosvenor Gallery

=== Traditional Style ===
[[File:Victoria Hesse NPG 95941 crop.jpg|alt=Old photograph of a white woman wearing a very tight and fitted bodice with her skirts swept to the back|thumb|Princess Victoria, Marchioness of Milford-Haven (1863–1950), Granddaughter of Queen Victoria; wife of Prince Louis of Battenberg, 1st Marquess, c. 1878]]
Images

* Smooth bodice, fabric draped to the back or covering a bustle with a small cage beneath it:
By the end of the century designs from the [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#The House of Worth|House of Worth]] (or Maison Worth) define what we think of as the traditional Victorian look, which was very stylish and expensive. Queen Victoria's granddaughter Princess Victoria is shown (right) wearing a traditional but very stylish c. 1878 dress like one designed by Maison Worth. Blanche Payne describes an example of the 1895 &quot;high style&quot; in a gown by Worth with &quot;the idiosyncrasies of the [1890s] full blown&quot;:&lt;blockquote&gt;The dress is white silk with wine-red stripes. Sleeves, collars, bows, bag, hat, and hem border match the stripes. The sleeve has reached its maximum volume; the bosom full and emphasized with added lace; the waistline is elongated, pointed, and laced to the point of distress; the skirt is smooth over the hips, gradually swinging out to sweep the floor. This is the much vaunted hourglass figure.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;{{rp|530}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;

The Victorian-looking gowns at the [[Social Victorians/1897 Fancy Dress Ball|Duchess of Devonshire's 1897 fancy-dress ball]] are stylish in a way that recalls the designs of the House of Worth. The elements that make their look so Victorian are anachronisms on the costumes representing fashion of earlier eras. The women wearing these gowns preferred the standards of beauty from their own day to a more-or-less historically accurate look. The style competing at the very end of the century with the Worth look was not the historical, however, but a progressive style called at the time ''artistic'' or ''aesthetic''.

William Powell Frith's 1883 painting ''A Private View at the Royal Academy, 1881'' (discussion below) pits this kind of traditional style against the progressive or artistic style.

=== The Styles ===
[[File:Frith A Private View.jpg|thumb|William Powell Frith, ''A Private View at the Royal Academy, 1881'']]
We typically think of the late-Victorian silhouette as universal but, in the periods in which corsets dominated women's dress, not all women wore corsets and not all corsets were the same, as William Powell Frith's 1883 ''A Private View at the Royal Academy, 1881'' (right) illustrates. Frith is clear in his memoir that this painting — &quot;recording for posterity the aesthetic craze as regards dress&quot; — deliberately contrasts what he calls the &quot;folly&quot; of the Aesthetic Dress movement and the look of the traditional corseted waist.&lt;ref&gt;Frith, William Powell. ''My Autobiography and Reminiscences''. 1887.&lt;/ref&gt; Frith considered the Aesthetic Movement and Aesthetic Dress &quot;ephemeral,&quot; but its rejection of corsetry looks far more consequential to us in hindsight than it did in the 19th century.

As Frith sees it, his painting critiques the &quot;craze&quot; associated with the women in this set of identifiable portraits who are not corseted, but his commitment to realism shows us a spectrum, a range, of conservatism and if not political then at least stylistic progressivism among the women. The progressives, oddly, are the women wearing artistic (that is, somewhat historical) dress, because they’re not corseted. It is a misreading to see the presentation of the women’s fashion as a simple opposition. Constance, Countess of Lonsdale — situated at the center of this painting with Frederick Leighton, president of the Royal Academy of Art — is the most conservatively dressed of the women depicted, with her narrow sleeves, tight waist and almost perfectly smooth bodice, which tells us that her corset has eyelets so that it can be laced precisely and tightly, and it has stays (or &quot;bones&quot;) to prevent wrinkles or natural folds in the overclothing. Lillie Langtry, in the white dress, with her stylish narrow sleeves, does not have such a tightly bound waist or smooth bodice, suggesting she may not be corseted at all, as we know she sometimes was not.['''citation'''] Jenny Trip, a painter’s model, is the woman in the green dress in the aesthetic group being inspected by Anthony Trollope, who may be taking notes. She looks like she is not wearing a corset. Both Langtry and Trip are toward the middle of this spectrum: neither is dressed in the more extreme artistic dress of, say, the two figures between Trip and Trollope.

A lot has been written about the late-Victorian attraction to historical dress, especially in the context of fancy-dress balls and the Gothic revival in social events as well as art and music. Part of the appeal has to have been the way those costumes could just be beautiful clothing beautifully made. Historical dress provided an opportunity for some elite women to wear less-structured but still beautiful and influential clothing. ['''Calvert'''&lt;ref&gt;Calvert, Robyne Erica. ''Fashioning the Artist: Artistic Dress in Victorian Britain 1848-1900''. Ph.D. thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://theses.gla.ac.uk/3279/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;] The standards for beauty, then, with historical dress were Victorian, with the added benefit of possibly less structure. So, at the Duchess of Devonshire's ball, &quot;while some attendees tried to hew closely to historical precedent, many rendered their historical or mythological personage in the sartorial vocabulary they knew best. The [photographs of people in their costumes at the ball offer] a glimpse into how Victorians understood history, not a glimpse into the costume of an authentic historical past.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Mitchell, Rebecca N. &quot;The Victorian Fancy Dress Ball, 1870–1900.&quot; ''Fashion Theory'' 2017 (21: 3): 291–315. DOI: 10.1080/1362704X.2016.1172817.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|294}}

* historical dress: beautiful clothing.
* the range at the ball, from Minnie Paget to Gwladys
* &quot;In light of such efforts, the ball remains to this day one of the best documented outings of the period, and a quick glance at the album shows that ...&quot;
* The costume of the Duchess of Devonshire does not have a defined waist and may suggest that she herself is not corseted, although that would be a notable departure for her.

Women had more choices about their waists than the simple opposition between no corset and tightlacing can accommodate. The range of choices is illustrated in Frith's painting, with a woman locating herself on it at a particular moment for particular reasons. Much analysis of 19th-century corsetry focuses on its sexualizing effects — corsets dominated Victorian photographic pornography ['''citations'''] and at the same time, the absence of a corset was sexual because it suggested nudity.['''citations'''] A great deal of analysis of 19th-century corsetry, on the other hand, assumes that women wore corsets for the male gaze ['''citations'''] or that they tightened their waists to compete with other women.['''citations'''] 

But as we can see in Frith's painting, the sexualizing effect was not universal or sweeping, and these analyses do not account for the choices women had in which corset to wear or how tightly to lace it. Especially given the way that some photographic portraits were mechanically altered to make the waist appear smaller, the size of a woman's waist had to do with how she was presenting herself to the world. That is, the fact that women made choices about the size of or emphasis on their waists suggests that they had agency that needs to be taken into account. 

As they navigated the complex social world, women's fashion choices had meaning. Society or political hostesses had agency not only in their clothing but generally in that complex social world. They had roles managing social events of the upper classes, especially of the upper aristocracy and oligarchy, like the Duchess of Devonshire's ball. Their class and rank, then, were essential to their agency, including to some degree their freedom to choose what kind of corset to wear and how to wear it. Also, by the end of the century lots of different kinds of corsets were available for lots of different purposes. Special corsets existed for pregnancy, sports (like tennis, bicycling, horseback riding, golf, fencing, archery, stalking and hunting), theatre and dance and, of course, for these women corsets could be made to support the special dress worn over it.  

Women's choices in how they presented themselves to the world included more than just their foundation garments, of course. &quot;Every cap, bow, streamer, ruffle, fringe, bustle, glove,&quot; that is, the trim and decorations on their garments, their jewelry and accessories — which Davidoff calls &quot;elaborations&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;{{rp|93}} — pointed to a host of status categories, like class, rank, wealth, age, marital status, engagement with the empire, how sexual they wanted to seem, political alignment and purpose at the social event. For example, when women were being presented to the monarch, they were expected to wear three ostrich plumes, often called the [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Prince of Wales's Feathers or White Plumes|Prince of Wales's feathers]].  

Like all fashions, the corset, which was quite long-lasting in all its various forms, eventually went out of style. Of the many factors that might have influenced its demise, perhaps most important was the women's movement, in which women's rights, freedom, employment and access to their own money and children were less slogan-worthy but at least as essential as votes for women. The activities of the animal-rights movements drew attention not only to the profligate use of the bodies and feathers of birds but also to the looming extinction of the baleen whale, which made whale bone scarce and expensive. Perhaps the century's debates over corseting and especially tightlacing were relevant to some decisions not to be corseted. And, of course, perhaps no other reason is required than that the nature of fashion is to change.

== Undergarments ==
Unlike undergarments, Victorian women's foundation garments created the distinctive silhouette. Victorian undergarments included the chemise, the bloomers, the corset cover — articles that are not structural.
The corset was an important element of the understructure of foundation garments — hoops, bustles, petticoats and so on — but it has never been the only important element. 

=== Undergarments ===

* Chemise
* Corset cover
* Bloomers
* [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Petticoat|Petticoats]] (distinguish between the outer- and undergarment type of petticoat)
* Combinations
* [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hose, Stockings and Tights|Hose, stockings and tights]]
* Men's shirts
* Men's unders

==== Bloomers ====

==== Chemise ====
A chemise is a garment &quot;linen, homespun, or cotton knee-length garment with [a] square neck&quot; worn under all the other garments except the bloomers or combinations.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; (61) According to Lewandowski, combinations replaced the chemise by 1890.

==== Combinations ====

=== [[Social Victorians/Terminology/Foundation Garments|Foundation Garments]] ===
Foundation structures changed the shape of the body by metal, cane, boning. Men wore corsets as well.
* [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Corset|Corset]]
* [[Social Victorians/Terminology#Hoops|Hoops]]
* Padding

==== Padding ====
Some kinds of padding were used in the Victorian age to enlarge women's bosoms and create cleavage as well as to keep elements of a garment puffy. In the Elizabethan era, men's codpieces are examples of padding.

With respect to the costumes worn at fancy-dress balls, most important would be bum rolls and cod pieces. 

What are commonly called '''bum rolls''' were sometimes called roll farthingales, French farthingales or padded rolls.

== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Karl Marx/Capital1</title>
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      <text bytes="9891" sha1="303uzcbtvgqtu7gtvyb8f93t65ph6uw" xml:space="preserve">This resource gives information on '''[[Karl Marx]]'s ''Das Kapital'' (Capital), volume 1.''' It gives links to the different parts of the first volume, in which Marx offers a fundamental [[Karl Marx/Critique of Political Economy|Critique of Political Economy]]. 

The first volume of ''Capital'' (&quot;''Capital 1''&quot;) was first published in 1867 in German. It was dedicated to the German schoolmaster and socialist [[:w:Wilhelm Wolff|Wilhelm Wolff]], &quot;intrepid, faithful, noble protagonist of the proletariat.&quot;&lt;ref name=dedicate&gt;{{cite book 
| last = Marx | first = Karl | authorlink = Karl Marx
| date = 1887
| title = Capital 
| volume = 1
| chapter = Dedication
| publisher = marxists.org
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/dedicate.htm
}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

The first English translation was published 1887 in London by Swann Schonnenschein. It was translated by [[:w: Samuel Moore (translator)|Samuel Moore]] and [[:w:Edward Aveling|Edward Aveling]], and edited by [[:w:Friedrich Engels|Friedrich Engels]].&lt;ref name=Capital1&gt;[https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ ''Capital 1''] in English translation: ''Capital : A Critique of Political Economy. Volume I. Book One. The Process of Production of Capital.'' London : Swann Schonnenschein 1887 (online edition at marxists.org: Moscow : Progress Publishers). See also the [[:s:en:Das_Kapital_(Moore,_1906)|first American edition (1906)]], revised by Ernest Untermann in [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|16px|alt=16px Wikisource logo]] Wikisource. References to page numbers will be made to the [https://archive.org/details/tellingtalesnewo0000unse 1990 edition], translated by Ben Fowkes, and published by Penguin Books.&lt;/ref&gt;

The first volume completely focuses on 'The Process of Production of Capital', as the subtitle explains.

== Eight parts ==
Volume 1 holds eight parts (and an appendix):&lt;ref name=parts&gt;We will use here the chapter structure as given in the English edition(s) of ''Capital 1'' (first published 1886), which is slightly different from the earlier (and later) German and French editions. See footnote on p. 110). For instance {{harvnb|Rühle|1939}} uses the &quot;German&quot; chapter structure.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part1|Part 1: Commodities and Money]]; this first part holds three chapters: 
** Ch. 1: Commodites
** Ch. 2: Exchange
** Ch. 3: Money, or the Circulation of Commodities
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part2|Part 2: The Transformation of Money into Capital]]
** Chapter 4: The General Formula for Capital
** Chapter 5: Contradictions in the General Formula
** Chapter 6: The Sale and Purchase of Labour-Power
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part3|Part 3: The Production of Absolute Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 7: The Labour Process and the Valorization Process
** Chapter 8: Constant Capital and Variable Capital
** Chapter 9: The Rate of Surplus-Value
** Chapter 10: The Working Day
** Chapter 11: The Rate and Mass of Surplus-Value
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part4|Part 4: The Production of Relative Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 12: The Concept of Relative Surplus-Value
** Chapter 13: Co-operation
** Chapter 14: The Division of Labour and Manufacture
** Chapter 15: Machinery and Large-Scale Industry
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part5|Part 5: The Production of Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 16: Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value
** Chapter 17: Changes of Magnitude in the Price of Labour-Power and in Surplus-Value
** Chapter 18: Different Formulae for the Rate of Surplus-Value
* Part 6: Wages
** Chapter 19: The Transformation of the Value (and Respectively the Price) of Labour-Power into Wages
** Chapter 20: Time-Wages
** Chapter 21: Piece-Wages
** Chapter 22: National Differences in Wages
* Part 7: The Process of Accumulation of Capital
* Part 8: So-Called Primitive Accumulation
* Appendix: Results of the Immediate Process of Production

== No easy reading ==
The first volume of ''Capital'' deals with a number of very fundamental concepts of Marx's critique of political economy, like value, money, the labour theory of value, surplus value, the concept of capital, and a great number of historical studies on labour and capital. 

The first volume, as it treats these fundamental concepts, can only be fully understood, if the development of Marx's thoughts is taken into account. Marx has extensively studied a great number of classical economists, like the [[:w:Physiocrats|Physiocrats]], [[:w:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]], [[:w:David Ricardo|David Ricardo]], [[:w:Robert Malthus|Robert Malthus]], [[:w:James Mill|James]] and [[:w:John Stuart Mill|John Stuart Mill]]. (see his ''[[:w:Theories of Surplus Value|Theories of Surplus Value]]'', often considered as the [[:w:Das_Kapital#Capital,_Volume_IV|fourth volume]] of ''Capital,'' written in 1862 and 1863, first published 1905-1910 in German; roughly 1500 pages in English translation, with 400 pages of Appendices etc.). Moreover Marx had a very extensive background in (Hegelian) philosophy and in political theory. 

In the first chapters of ''Capital 1'' very fundamental, and very abstract thoughts are developed, concerning the nature of value in the capitalist mode of production. Marx's concept of [[:w:Surplus value|surplus value]] is coined here. The concept of surplus value forms the basis of his theory of exploitation in capitalism. Surplus value also gives way to accumulation of capital. In this way the fundamental, and growing antagonism between labour and capital develops. Apart from that ''Capital 1'' holds extensive inquiries about the early development of capitalism and the so-called primitive accumulation, and the way in which the conflict between labour and capital develops in the different periods of capitalist development. 

Especially the first chapters are sometimes considered difficult reading. There are some valuable tools for help, like for instance [[:w:David Harvey|David Harvey's]] lectures and companion (2007-2022). One interesting thing of Harvey's work is that it often makes links to contemporary economic problems.&lt;ref name=Harvey&gt;[https://davidharvey.org/reading-capital/ Harvey's lectures online on Marx's Capital (and Grundrisse)] and [https://archive.org/details/companiontomarxs0000harv (vol. 1) companion to vol. 1]&lt;/ref&gt; Another comprehensive study guide is given by [[:w:Harry Cleaver|Harry Cleaver]].&lt;ref name=Cleaver&gt;[https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/357k/357ksg.html Cleaver: Study Guide to Capital 1] and [https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/357k/357krcp.html Cleaver : Reading Capital Politically]&lt;/ref&gt; Stephen Shapiro has also written a &quot;How to Read&quot; guide to Marx's Capital.&lt;ref name=Shapiro&gt;{{cite book
| last = Shapiro | first = Stephen
| date = 2008
| title = How to Read Marx's Capital
| location = London
| publisher = Pluto Press
| ISBN = 978 0 7453 2562 0
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Further, there is [[:w:Michael Heinrich|Michael Heinrich's]] ''How to Read Marx's 'Capital''' which is an annotated guide to the first few chapters of Volume 1,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Heinrich|first=Michael|year=2021|title= How to Read Marx's ‘Capital’. Commentary and Explanations on the Beginning Chapters|publisher= Monthly Review Press|isbn= 978-1-58367-894-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as the broader scoped ''[[:w:An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital|An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|publisher= Monthly Review Press|last=Heinrich|first=Michael|isbn=978-1-58367-289-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

One of the first &quot;reading aids&quot; for ''Das Kapital'' (vol. 1) ever published was a synopsis, written and published by Friedrich Engels in 1868. He he limited his summary to the first four parts of volume 1.&lt;ref name=Engels1868&gt;{{cite web
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| date = 1868
| title = Synopsis of Capital
| website = marxists.org
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/1868-syn/
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}} See also {{cite web
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Synopsis_of_Capital.pdf
| date = 1868
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| title = Synopsis of Capital (together with different reviews) - pdf
| website = marxists.org
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}} And see also {{cite book
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| date = 1956
| title = On Marx's Capital
| location = Moscow
| publisher = Progress Publisher
| url = https://archive.org/details/engelsonmarxscapital
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

There are abridged editions like the one written by [[:w:Otto Rühle|Otto Rühle]]: ''Karl Marx's Capital: An Abridgment.''{{sfnp|Rühle 1939}}

For students who read German, ''Kapital.doc'' by [[:w:Elmar Altvater|Elmar Altvater]] may be interesting.{{sfnp|Altvater|1998}} The book contains a lot of summarizing diagrams, more or less like flowcharts, that present Marx’s argumentation in a condensed and concentrated form.

== See also ==
* [[w:en:Das Kapital, Volume I|Das Kapital, volume 1]] in English Wikipedia

== References ==
{{references}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book
| last = Altvater | first = Elmar
| date = 1998
| title = Kapital.doc
| location = Münster
| publisher = Westfälisches Dampfboot
| ISBN = 9783896914378
| url = http://www.elmaraltvater.net/books/Altvater_Book1.pdf
| postscript =  
| ref = harv
}} (the original book contained a CD-ROM)
* {{cite web
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1939/capital.htm
| last = Rühle | first = Otto
| title = Karl Marx's Capital: An Abridgment
| date = 1939
| website = marxists.org
| access-date = 2024-10-02
| ref = harv
}} Note that in this abridged edition the division in chapters is different from the English editions of ''Capital''.

== External links ==
* [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ Volume 1 online] at marxists.org
* [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/guide/index.htm Study guide for ''Capital 1''] at marxists.org


{{BookCat}}</text>
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      <text bytes="9867" sha1="q3ovihnx7z8orznxuboi40nq8z22uxh" xml:space="preserve">This resource gives information on '''[[Karl Marx]]'s ''Das Kapital'' (Capital), volume 1.''' It gives links to the different parts of the first volume, in which Marx offers a fundamental [[Karl Marx/Critique of Political Economy|Critique of Political Economy]]. 

The first volume of ''Capital'' (&quot;''Capital 1''&quot;) was first published in 1867 in German. It was dedicated to the German schoolmaster and socialist [[:w:Wilhelm Wolff|Wilhelm Wolff]], &quot;intrepid, faithful, noble protagonist of the proletariat.&quot;&lt;ref name=dedicate&gt;{{cite book 
| last = Marx | first = Karl | authorlink = Karl Marx
| date = 1887
| title = Capital 
| volume = 1
| chapter = Dedication
| publisher = marxists.org
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/dedicate.htm
}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

The first English translation was published 1887 in London by Swann Schonnenschein. It was translated by [[:w: Samuel Moore (translator)|Samuel Moore]] and [[:w:Edward Aveling|Edward Aveling]], and edited by [[:w:Friedrich Engels|Friedrich Engels]].&lt;ref name=Capital1&gt;[https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ ''Capital 1''] in English translation: ''Capital : A Critique of Political Economy. Volume I. Book One. The Process of Production of Capital.'' London : Swann Schonnenschein 1887 (online edition at marxists.org: Moscow : Progress Publishers). See also the [[:s:en:Das_Kapital_(Moore,_1906)|first American edition (1906)]], revised by Ernest Untermann in [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|16px|alt=16px Wikisource logo]] Wikisource. References to page numbers will be made to the [https://archive.org/details/tellingtalesnewo0000unse 1990 edition], translated by Ben Fowkes, and published by Penguin Books.&lt;/ref&gt;

The first volume completely focuses on 'The Process of Production of Capital', as the subtitle explains.

== Eight parts ==
Volume 1 holds eight parts (and an appendix):&lt;ref name=parts&gt;We will use here the chapter structure as given in the English edition(s) of ''Capital 1'' (first published 1886), which is slightly different from the earlier (and later) German and French editions. See footnote on p. 110). For instance {{harvnb|Rühle|1939}} uses the &quot;German&quot; chapter structure.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part1|Part 1: Commodities and Money]]; this first part holds three chapters: 
** Ch. 1: Commodites
** Ch. 2: Exchange
** Ch. 3: Money, or the Circulation of Commodities
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part2|Part 2: The Transformation of Money into Capital]]
** Chapter 4: The General Formula for Capital
** Chapter 5: Contradictions in the General Formula
** Chapter 6: The Sale and Purchase of Labour-Power
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part3|Part 3: The Production of Absolute Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 7: The Labour Process and the Valorization Process
** Chapter 8: Constant Capital and Variable Capital
** Chapter 9: The Rate of Surplus-Value
** Chapter 10: The Working Day
** Chapter 11: The Rate and Mass of Surplus-Value
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part4|Part 4: The Production of Relative Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 12: The Concept of Relative Surplus-Value
** Chapter 13: Co-operation
** Chapter 14: The Division of Labour and Manufacture
** Chapter 15: Machinery and Large-Scale Industry
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part5|Part 5: The Production of Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 16: Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value
** Chapter 17: Changes of Magnitude in the Price of Labour-Power and in Surplus-Value
** Chapter 18: Different Formulae for the Rate of Surplus-Value
* Part 6: Wages
** Chapter 19: The Transformation of the Value (and Respectively the Price) of Labour-Power into Wages
** Chapter 20: Time-Wages
** Chapter 21: Piece-Wages
** Chapter 22: National Differences in Wages
* Part 7: The Process of Accumulation of Capital
* Part 8: So-Called Primitive Accumulation
* Appendix: Results of the Immediate Process of Production

== No easy reading ==
The first volume of ''Capital'' deals with a number of very fundamental concepts of Marx's critique of political economy, like value, money, the labour theory of value, surplus value, the concept of capital, and a great number of historical studies on labour and capital. 

The first volume, as it treats these fundamental concepts, can only be fully understood, if the development of Marx's thoughts is taken into account. Marx has extensively studied a great number of classical economists, like the [[:w:Physiocrats|Physiocrats]], [[:w:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]], [[:w:David Ricardo|David Ricardo]], [[:w:Robert Malthus|Robert Malthus]], [[:w:James Mill|James]] and [[:w:John Stuart Mill|John Stuart Mill]]. (see his ''[[:w:Theories of Surplus Value|Theories of Surplus Value]]'', often considered as the [[:w:Das_Kapital#Capital,_Volume_IV|fourth volume]] of ''Capital,'' written in 1862 and 1863, first published 1905-1910 in German; roughly 1500 pages in English translation, with 400 pages of Appendices etc.). Moreover Marx had a very extensive background in (Hegelian) philosophy and in political theory. 

In the first chapters of ''Capital 1'' very fundamental, and very abstract thoughts are developed, concerning the nature of value in the capitalist mode of production. Marx's concept of [[:w:Surplus value|surplus value]] is coined here. The concept of surplus value forms the basis of his theory of exploitation in capitalism. Surplus value also gives way to accumulation of capital. In this way the fundamental, and growing antagonism between labour and capital develops. Apart from that ''Capital 1'' holds extensive inquiries about the early development of capitalism and the so-called primitive accumulation, and the way in which the conflict between labour and capital develops in the different periods of capitalist development. 

Especially the first chapters are sometimes considered difficult reading. There are some valuable tools for help, like for instance [[:w:David Harvey|David Harvey's]] lectures and companion (2007-2022). One interesting thing of Harvey's work is that it often makes links to contemporary economic problems.&lt;ref name=Harvey&gt;[https://davidharvey.org/reading-capital/ Harvey's lectures online on Marx's Capital (and Grundrisse)] and [https://archive.org/details/companiontomarxs0000harv (vol. 1) companion to vol. 1]&lt;/ref&gt; Another comprehensive study guide is given by [[:w:Harry Cleaver|Harry Cleaver]].&lt;ref name=Cleaver&gt;[https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/357k/357ksg.html Cleaver: Study Guide to Capital 1] and [https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/357k/357krcp.html Cleaver : Reading Capital Politically]&lt;/ref&gt; Stephen Shapiro has also written a &quot;How to Read&quot; guide to Marx's Capital.&lt;ref name=Shapiro&gt;{{cite book
| last = Shapiro | first = Stephen
| date = 2008
| title = How to Read Marx's Capital
| location = London
| publisher = Pluto Press
| ISBN = 978 0 7453 2562 0
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Further, there is [[:w:Michael Heinrich|Michael Heinrich's]] ''How to Read Marx's 'Capital''' which is an annotated guide to the first few chapters of Volume 1,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Heinrich|first=Michael|year=2021|title= How to Read Marx's ‘Capital’. Commentary and Explanations on the Beginning Chapters|publisher= Monthly Review Press|isbn= 978-1-58367-894-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as the broader scoped ''[[:w:An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital|An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|publisher= Monthly Review Press|last=Heinrich|first=Michael|isbn=978-1-58367-289-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

One of the first &quot;reading aids&quot; for ''Das Kapital'' (vol. 1) ever published was a synopsis, written and published by Friedrich Engels in 1868. He he limited his summary to the first four parts of volume 1.&lt;ref name=Engels1868&gt;{{cite web
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| date = 1868
| title = Synopsis of Capital
| website = marxists.org
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/1868-syn/
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}} See also {{cite web
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Synopsis_of_Capital.pdf
| date = 1868
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| title = Synopsis of Capital (together with different reviews) - pdf
| website = marxists.org
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}} And see also {{cite book
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| date = 1956
| title = On Marx's Capital
| location = Moscow
| publisher = Progress Publisher
| url = https://archive.org/details/engelsonmarxscapital
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

There are abridged editions like the one written by [[:w:Otto Rühle|Otto Rühle]]: ''Karl Marx's Capital: An Abridgment.''{{sfnp|Rühle 1939}}

For students who read German, ''Kapital.doc'' by [[:w:Elmar Altvater|Elmar Altvater]] may be interesting.{{sfnp|Altvater|1998}} The book contains a lot of summarizing diagrams, more or less like flowcharts, that present Marx’s argumentation in a condensed and concentrated form.

== See also ==
* [[w:en:Das Kapital, Volume I|Das Kapital, volume 1]] in English Wikipedia

== References ==
{{references}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book
| last = Altvater | first = Elmar
| date = 1998
| title = Kapital.doc
| location = Münster
| publisher = Westfälisches Dampfboot
| ISBN = 9783896914378
| url = http://www.elmaraltvater.net/books/Altvater_Book1.pdf
| postscript =  
| ref = harv
}} (the original book contained a CD-ROM)
* {{cite book
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1939/capital.htm
| last = Rühle | first = Otto
| title = Karl Marx's Capital: An Abridgment
| date = 1939
| publisher = marxists.org
| ref = harv
}} Note that in this abridged edition the division in chapters is different from the English editions of ''Capital''.

== External links ==
* [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ Volume 1 online] at marxists.org
* [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/guide/index.htm Study guide for ''Capital 1''] at marxists.org


{{BookCat}}</text>
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      <text bytes="9822" sha1="45hpvexc0ymbh84jpz3w1p1j62of3is" xml:space="preserve">This resource gives information on '''[[Karl Marx]]'s ''Das Kapital'' (Capital), volume 1.''' It gives links to the different parts of the first volume, in which Marx offers a fundamental [[Karl Marx/Critique of Political Economy|Critique of Political Economy]]. 

The first volume of ''Capital'' (&quot;''Capital 1''&quot;) was first published in 1867 in German. It was dedicated to the German schoolmaster and socialist [[:w:Wilhelm Wolff|Wilhelm Wolff]], &quot;intrepid, faithful, noble protagonist of the proletariat.&quot;&lt;ref name=dedicate&gt;{{cite book 
| last = Marx | first = Karl | authorlink = Karl Marx
| date = 1887
| title = Capital 
| volume = 1
| chapter = Dedication
| publisher = marxists.org
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/dedicate.htm
}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

The first English translation was published 1887 in London by Swann Schonnenschein. It was translated by [[:w: Samuel Moore (translator)|Samuel Moore]] and [[:w:Edward Aveling|Edward Aveling]], and edited by [[:w:Friedrich Engels|Friedrich Engels]].&lt;ref name=Capital1&gt;[https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ ''Capital 1''] in English translation: ''Capital : A Critique of Political Economy. Volume I. Book One. The Process of Production of Capital.'' London : Swann Schonnenschein 1887 (online edition at marxists.org: Moscow : Progress Publishers). See also the [[:s:en:Das_Kapital_(Moore,_1906)|first American edition (1906)]], revised by Ernest Untermann in [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|16px|alt=16px Wikisource logo]] Wikisource. References to page numbers will be made to the [https://archive.org/details/tellingtalesnewo0000unse 1990 edition], translated by Ben Fowkes, and published by Penguin Books.&lt;/ref&gt;

The first volume completely focuses on 'The Process of Production of Capital', as the subtitle explains.

== Eight parts ==
Volume 1 holds eight parts (and an appendix):&lt;ref name=parts&gt;We will use here the chapter structure as given in the English edition(s) of ''Capital 1'' (first published 1886), which is slightly different from the earlier (and later) German and French editions. See footnote on p. 110). For instance {{harvnb|Rühle|1939}} uses the &quot;German&quot; chapter structure.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part1|Part 1: Commodities and Money]]; this first part holds three chapters: 
** Ch. 1: Commodites
** Ch. 2: Exchange
** Ch. 3: Money, or the Circulation of Commodities
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part2|Part 2: The Transformation of Money into Capital]]
** Chapter 4: The General Formula for Capital
** Chapter 5: Contradictions in the General Formula
** Chapter 6: The Sale and Purchase of Labour-Power
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part3|Part 3: The Production of Absolute Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 7: The Labour Process and the Valorization Process
** Chapter 8: Constant Capital and Variable Capital
** Chapter 9: The Rate of Surplus-Value
** Chapter 10: The Working Day
** Chapter 11: The Rate and Mass of Surplus-Value
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part4|Part 4: The Production of Relative Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 12: The Concept of Relative Surplus-Value
** Chapter 13: Co-operation
** Chapter 14: The Division of Labour and Manufacture
** Chapter 15: Machinery and Large-Scale Industry
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part5|Part 5: The Production of Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 16: Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value
** Chapter 17: Changes of Magnitude in the Price of Labour-Power and in Surplus-Value
** Chapter 18: Different Formulae for the Rate of Surplus-Value
* Part 6: Wages
** Chapter 19: The Transformation of the Value (and Respectively the Price) of Labour-Power into Wages
** Chapter 20: Time-Wages
** Chapter 21: Piece-Wages
** Chapter 22: National Differences in Wages
* Part 7: The Process of Accumulation of Capital
* Part 8: So-Called Primitive Accumulation
* Appendix: Results of the Immediate Process of Production

== No easy reading ==
The first volume of ''Capital'' deals with a number of very fundamental concepts of Marx's critique of political economy, like value, money, the labour theory of value, surplus value, the concept of capital, and a great number of historical studies on labour and capital. 

The first volume, as it treats these fundamental concepts, can only be fully understood, if the development of Marx's thoughts is taken into account. Marx has extensively studied a great number of classical economists, like the [[:w:Physiocrats|Physiocrats]], [[:w:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]], [[:w:David Ricardo|David Ricardo]], [[:w:Robert Malthus|Robert Malthus]], [[:w:James Mill|James]] and [[:w:John Stuart Mill|John Stuart Mill]]. (see his ''[[:w:Theories of Surplus Value|Theories of Surplus Value]]'', often considered as the [[:w:Das_Kapital#Capital,_Volume_IV|fourth volume]] of ''Capital,'' written in 1862 and 1863, first published 1905-1910 in German; roughly 1500 pages in English translation, with 400 pages of Appendices etc.). Moreover Marx had a very extensive background in (Hegelian) philosophy and in political theory. 

In the first chapters of ''Capital 1'' very fundamental, and very abstract thoughts are developed, concerning the nature of value in the capitalist mode of production. Marx's concept of [[:w:Surplus value|surplus value]] is coined here. The concept of surplus value forms the basis of his theory of exploitation in capitalism. Surplus value also gives way to accumulation of capital. In this way the fundamental, and growing antagonism between labour and capital develops. Apart from that ''Capital 1'' holds extensive inquiries about the early development of capitalism and the so-called primitive accumulation, and the way in which the conflict between labour and capital develops in the different periods of capitalist development. 

Especially the first chapters are sometimes considered difficult reading. There are some valuable tools for help, like for instance [[:w:David Harvey|David Harvey's]] lectures and companion (2007-2022). One interesting thing of Harvey's work is that it often makes links to contemporary economic problems.&lt;ref name=Harvey&gt;[https://davidharvey.org/reading-capital/ Harvey's lectures online on Marx's Capital (and Grundrisse)] and [https://archive.org/details/companiontomarxs0000harv (vol. 1) companion to vol. 1]&lt;/ref&gt; Another comprehensive study guide is given by [[:w:Harry Cleaver|Harry Cleaver]].&lt;ref name=Cleaver&gt;[https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/357k/357ksg.html Cleaver: Study Guide to Capital 1] and [https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/357k/357krcp.html Cleaver : Reading Capital Politically]&lt;/ref&gt; Stephen Shapiro has also written a &quot;How to Read&quot; guide to Marx's Capital.&lt;ref name=Shapiro&gt;{{cite book
| last = Shapiro | first = Stephen
| date = 2008
| title = How to Read Marx's Capital
| location = London
| publisher = Pluto Press
| ISBN = 978 0 7453 2562 0
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Further, there is [[:w:Michael Heinrich|Michael Heinrich's]] ''How to Read Marx's 'Capital''' which is an annotated guide to the first few chapters of Volume 1,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Heinrich|first=Michael|year=2021|title= How to Read Marx's ‘Capital’. Commentary and Explanations on the Beginning Chapters|publisher= Monthly Review Press|isbn= 978-1-58367-894-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as the broader scoped ''[[:w:An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital|An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|publisher= Monthly Review Press|last=Heinrich|first=Michael|isbn=978-1-58367-289-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

One of the first &quot;reading aids&quot; for ''Das Kapital'' (vol. 1) ever published was a synopsis, written and published by Friedrich Engels in 1868. He he limited his summary to the first four parts of volume 1.&lt;ref name=Engels1868&gt;{{cite web
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| date = 1868
| title = Synopsis of Capital
| website = marxists.org
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/1868-syn/
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}} See also {{cite web
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Synopsis_of_Capital.pdf
| date = 1868
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| title = Synopsis of Capital (together with different reviews) - pdf
| website = marxists.org
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}} And see also {{cite book
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| date = 1956
| title = On Marx's Capital
| location = Moscow
| publisher = Progress Publisher
| url = https://archive.org/details/engelsonmarxscapital
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

There are abridged editions like the one written by [[:w:Otto Rühle|Otto Rühle]]: ''Karl Marx's Capital: An Abridgment.''{{sfnp|Rühle 1939}}

For students who read German, ''Kapital.doc'' by [[:w:Elmar Altvater|Elmar Altvater]] may be interesting.{{sfn|Altvater|1998}} The book contains a lot of summarizing diagrams, more or less like flowcharts, that present Marx’s argumentation in a condensed and concentrated form.

== See also ==
* [[w:en:Das Kapital, Volume I|Das Kapital, volume 1]] in English Wikipedia

== References ==
{{references}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book
| last = Altvater | first = Elmar
| date = 1998
| title = Kapital.doc
| location = Münster
| publisher = Westfälisches Dampfboot
| ISBN = 9783896914378
| url = http://www.elmaraltvater.net/books/Altvater_Book1.pdf
}} (the original book contained a CD-ROM)
* {{cite web
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1939/capital.htm
| last = Rühle | first = Otto
| title = Karl Marx's Capital: An Abridgment
| date = 1939
| publisher = marxists.org
}} Note that in this abridged edition the division in chapters is different from the English editions of ''Capital''.

== External links ==
* [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ Volume 1 online] at marxists.org
* [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/guide/index.htm Study guide for ''Capital 1''] at marxists.org


{{BookCat}}</text>
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      <text bytes="9849" sha1="l4u2nnjtpj07edk9cqazqa0vpw0g9hk" xml:space="preserve">This resource gives information on '''[[Karl Marx]]'s ''Das Kapital'' (Capital), volume 1.''' It gives links to the different parts of the first volume, in which Marx offers a fundamental [[Karl Marx/Critique of Political Economy|Critique of Political Economy]]. 

The first volume of ''Capital'' (&quot;''Capital 1''&quot;) was first published in 1867 in German. It was dedicated to the German schoolmaster and socialist [[:w:Wilhelm Wolff|Wilhelm Wolff]], &quot;intrepid, faithful, noble protagonist of the proletariat.&quot;&lt;ref name=dedicate&gt;{{cite book 
| last = Marx | first = Karl | authorlink = Karl Marx
| date = 1887
| title = Capital 
| volume = 1
| chapter = Dedication
| publisher = marxists.org
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/dedicate.htm
}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

The first English translation was published 1887 in London by Swann Schonnenschein. It was translated by [[:w: Samuel Moore (translator)|Samuel Moore]] and [[:w:Edward Aveling|Edward Aveling]], and edited by [[:w:Friedrich Engels|Friedrich Engels]].&lt;ref name=Capital1&gt;[https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ ''Capital 1''] in English translation: ''Capital : A Critique of Political Economy. Volume I. Book One. The Process of Production of Capital.'' London : Swann Schonnenschein 1887 (online edition at marxists.org: Moscow : Progress Publishers). See also the [[:s:en:Das_Kapital_(Moore,_1906)|first American edition (1906)]], revised by Ernest Untermann in [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|16px|alt=16px Wikisource logo]] Wikisource. References to page numbers will be made to the [https://archive.org/details/tellingtalesnewo0000unse 1990 edition], translated by Ben Fowkes, and published by Penguin Books.&lt;/ref&gt;

The first volume completely focuses on 'The Process of Production of Capital', as the subtitle explains.

== Eight parts ==
Volume 1 holds eight parts (and an appendix):&lt;ref name=parts&gt;We will use here the chapter structure as given in the English edition(s) of ''Capital 1'' (first published 1886), which is slightly different from the earlier (and later) German and French editions. See footnote on p. 110). For instance {{harvnb|Rühle|1939}} uses the &quot;German&quot; chapter structure.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part1|Part 1: Commodities and Money]]; this first part holds three chapters: 
** Ch. 1: Commodites
** Ch. 2: Exchange
** Ch. 3: Money, or the Circulation of Commodities
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part2|Part 2: The Transformation of Money into Capital]]
** Chapter 4: The General Formula for Capital
** Chapter 5: Contradictions in the General Formula
** Chapter 6: The Sale and Purchase of Labour-Power
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part3|Part 3: The Production of Absolute Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 7: The Labour Process and the Valorization Process
** Chapter 8: Constant Capital and Variable Capital
** Chapter 9: The Rate of Surplus-Value
** Chapter 10: The Working Day
** Chapter 11: The Rate and Mass of Surplus-Value
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part4|Part 4: The Production of Relative Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 12: The Concept of Relative Surplus-Value
** Chapter 13: Co-operation
** Chapter 14: The Division of Labour and Manufacture
** Chapter 15: Machinery and Large-Scale Industry
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part5|Part 5: The Production of Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 16: Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value
** Chapter 17: Changes of Magnitude in the Price of Labour-Power and in Surplus-Value
** Chapter 18: Different Formulae for the Rate of Surplus-Value
* Part 6: Wages
** Chapter 19: The Transformation of the Value (and Respectively the Price) of Labour-Power into Wages
** Chapter 20: Time-Wages
** Chapter 21: Piece-Wages
** Chapter 22: National Differences in Wages
* Part 7: The Process of Accumulation of Capital
* Part 8: So-Called Primitive Accumulation
* Appendix: Results of the Immediate Process of Production

== No easy reading ==
The first volume of ''Capital'' deals with a number of very fundamental concepts of Marx's critique of political economy, like value, money, the labour theory of value, surplus value, the concept of capital, and a great number of historical studies on labour and capital. 

The first volume, as it treats these fundamental concepts, can only be fully understood, if the development of Marx's thoughts is taken into account. Marx has extensively studied a great number of classical economists, like the [[:w:Physiocrats|Physiocrats]], [[:w:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]], [[:w:David Ricardo|David Ricardo]], [[:w:Robert Malthus|Robert Malthus]], [[:w:James Mill|James]] and [[:w:John Stuart Mill|John Stuart Mill]]. (see his ''[[:w:Theories of Surplus Value|Theories of Surplus Value]]'', often considered as the [[:w:Das_Kapital#Capital,_Volume_IV|fourth volume]] of ''Capital,'' written in 1862 and 1863, first published 1905-1910 in German; roughly 1500 pages in English translation, with 400 pages of Appendices etc.). Moreover Marx had a very extensive background in (Hegelian) philosophy and in political theory. 

In the first chapters of ''Capital 1'' very fundamental, and very abstract thoughts are developed, concerning the nature of value in the capitalist mode of production. Marx's concept of [[:w:Surplus value|surplus value]] is coined here. The concept of surplus value forms the basis of his theory of exploitation in capitalism. Surplus value also gives way to accumulation of capital. In this way the fundamental, and growing antagonism between labour and capital develops. Apart from that ''Capital 1'' holds extensive inquiries about the early development of capitalism and the so-called primitive accumulation, and the way in which the conflict between labour and capital develops in the different periods of capitalist development. 

Especially the first chapters are sometimes considered difficult reading. There are some valuable tools for help, like for instance [[:w:David Harvey|David Harvey's]] lectures and companion (2007-2022). One interesting thing of Harvey's work is that it often makes links to contemporary economic problems.&lt;ref name=Harvey&gt;[https://davidharvey.org/reading-capital/ Harvey's lectures online on Marx's Capital (and Grundrisse)] and [https://archive.org/details/companiontomarxs0000harv (vol. 1) companion to vol. 1]&lt;/ref&gt; Another comprehensive study guide is given by [[:w:Harry Cleaver|Harry Cleaver]].&lt;ref name=Cleaver&gt;[https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/357k/357ksg.html Cleaver: Study Guide to Capital 1] and [https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/357k/357krcp.html Cleaver : Reading Capital Politically]&lt;/ref&gt; Stephen Shapiro has also written a &quot;How to Read&quot; guide to Marx's Capital.&lt;ref name=Shapiro&gt;{{cite book
| last = Shapiro | first = Stephen
| date = 2008
| title = How to Read Marx's Capital
| location = London
| publisher = Pluto Press
| ISBN = 978 0 7453 2562 0
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Further, there is [[:w:Michael Heinrich|Michael Heinrich's]] ''How to Read Marx's 'Capital''' which is an annotated guide to the first few chapters of Volume 1,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Heinrich|first=Michael|year=2021|title= How to Read Marx's ‘Capital’. Commentary and Explanations on the Beginning Chapters|publisher= Monthly Review Press|isbn= 978-1-58367-894-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as the broader scoped ''[[:w:An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital|An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|publisher= Monthly Review Press|last=Heinrich|first=Michael|isbn=978-1-58367-289-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

One of the first &quot;reading aids&quot; for ''Das Kapital'' (vol. 1) ever published was a synopsis, written and published by Friedrich Engels in 1868. He he limited his summary to the first four parts of volume 1.&lt;ref name=Engels1868&gt;{{cite web
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| date = 1868
| title = Synopsis of Capital
| website = marxists.org
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/1868-syn/
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}} See also {{cite web
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Synopsis_of_Capital.pdf
| date = 1868
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| title = Synopsis of Capital (together with different reviews) - pdf
| website = marxists.org
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}} And see also {{cite book
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| date = 1956
| title = On Marx's Capital
| location = Moscow
| publisher = Progress Publisher
| url = https://archive.org/details/engelsonmarxscapital
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

There are abridged editions like the one written by [[:w:Otto Rühle|Otto Rühle]]: ''Karl Marx's Capital: An Abridgment.''&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Rühle|1939}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

For students who read German, ''Kapital.doc'' by [[:w:Elmar Altvater|Elmar Altvater]] may be interesting.{{sfn|Altvater|1998}} The book contains a lot of summarizing diagrams, more or less like flowcharts, that present Marx’s argumentation in a condensed and concentrated form.

== See also ==
* [[w:en:Das Kapital, Volume I|Das Kapital, volume 1]] in English Wikipedia

== References ==
{{references}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book
| last = Altvater | first = Elmar
| date = 1998
| title = Kapital.doc
| location = Münster
| publisher = Westfälisches Dampfboot
| ISBN = 9783896914378
| url = http://www.elmaraltvater.net/books/Altvater_Book1.pdf
| ref = harv
}} (the original book contained a CD-ROM)
* {{cite web
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1939/capital.htm
| last = Rühle | first = Otto
| title = Karl Marx's Capital: An Abridgment
| date = 1939
| publisher = marxists.org
}} Note that in this abridged edition the division in chapters is different from the English editions of ''Capital''.

== External links ==
* [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ Volume 1 online] at marxists.org
* [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/guide/index.htm Study guide for ''Capital 1''] at marxists.org


{{BookCat}}</text>
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      <text bytes="9849" sha1="ohqw7bpoxvuqp6e3r6tg21exjj7h1hy" xml:space="preserve">This resource gives information on '''[[Karl Marx]]'s ''Das Kapital'' (Capital), volume 1.''' It gives links to the different parts of the first volume, in which Marx offers a fundamental [[Karl Marx/Critique of Political Economy|Critique of Political Economy]]. 

The first volume of ''Capital'' (&quot;''Capital 1''&quot;) was first published in 1867 in German. It was dedicated to the German schoolmaster and socialist [[:w:Wilhelm Wolff|Wilhelm Wolff]], &quot;intrepid, faithful, noble protagonist of the proletariat.&quot;&lt;ref name=dedicate&gt;{{cite book 
| last = Marx | first = Karl | authorlink = Karl Marx
| date = 1887
| title = Capital 
| volume = 1
| chapter = Dedication
| publisher = marxists.org
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/dedicate.htm
}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

The first English translation was published 1887 in London by Swann Schonnenschein. It was translated by [[:w: Samuel Moore (translator)|Samuel Moore]] and [[:w:Edward Aveling|Edward Aveling]], and edited by [[:w:Friedrich Engels|Friedrich Engels]].&lt;ref name=Capital1&gt;[https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ ''Capital 1''] in English translation: ''Capital : A Critique of Political Economy. Volume I. Book One. The Process of Production of Capital.'' London : Swann Schonnenschein 1887 (online edition at marxists.org: Moscow : Progress Publishers). See also the [[:s:en:Das_Kapital_(Moore,_1906)|first American edition (1906)]], revised by Ernest Untermann in [[File:Wikisource-logo.svg|16px|alt=16px Wikisource logo]] Wikisource. References to page numbers will be made to the [https://archive.org/details/tellingtalesnewo0000unse 1990 edition], translated by Ben Fowkes, and published by Penguin Books.&lt;/ref&gt;

The first volume completely focuses on 'The Process of Production of Capital', as the subtitle explains.

== Eight parts ==
Volume 1 holds eight parts (and an appendix):&lt;ref name=parts&gt;We will use here the chapter structure as given in the English edition(s) of ''Capital 1'' (first published 1887), which is slightly different from the earlier (and later) German and French editions. See footnote on p. 110). For instance {{harvnb|Rühle|1939}} uses the &quot;German&quot; chapter structure.&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part1|Part 1: Commodities and Money]]; this first part holds three chapters: 
** Ch. 1: Commodites
** Ch. 2: Exchange
** Ch. 3: Money, or the Circulation of Commodities
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part2|Part 2: The Transformation of Money into Capital]]
** Chapter 4: The General Formula for Capital
** Chapter 5: Contradictions in the General Formula
** Chapter 6: The Sale and Purchase of Labour-Power
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part3|Part 3: The Production of Absolute Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 7: The Labour Process and the Valorization Process
** Chapter 8: Constant Capital and Variable Capital
** Chapter 9: The Rate of Surplus-Value
** Chapter 10: The Working Day
** Chapter 11: The Rate and Mass of Surplus-Value
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part4|Part 4: The Production of Relative Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 12: The Concept of Relative Surplus-Value
** Chapter 13: Co-operation
** Chapter 14: The Division of Labour and Manufacture
** Chapter 15: Machinery and Large-Scale Industry
* [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part5|Part 5: The Production of Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value]]
** Chapter 16: Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value
** Chapter 17: Changes of Magnitude in the Price of Labour-Power and in Surplus-Value
** Chapter 18: Different Formulae for the Rate of Surplus-Value
* Part 6: Wages
** Chapter 19: The Transformation of the Value (and Respectively the Price) of Labour-Power into Wages
** Chapter 20: Time-Wages
** Chapter 21: Piece-Wages
** Chapter 22: National Differences in Wages
* Part 7: The Process of Accumulation of Capital
* Part 8: So-Called Primitive Accumulation
* Appendix: Results of the Immediate Process of Production

== No easy reading ==
The first volume of ''Capital'' deals with a number of very fundamental concepts of Marx's critique of political economy, like value, money, the labour theory of value, surplus value, the concept of capital, and a great number of historical studies on labour and capital. 

The first volume, as it treats these fundamental concepts, can only be fully understood, if the development of Marx's thoughts is taken into account. Marx has extensively studied a great number of classical economists, like the [[:w:Physiocrats|Physiocrats]], [[:w:Adam Smith|Adam Smith]], [[:w:David Ricardo|David Ricardo]], [[:w:Robert Malthus|Robert Malthus]], [[:w:James Mill|James]] and [[:w:John Stuart Mill|John Stuart Mill]]. (see his ''[[:w:Theories of Surplus Value|Theories of Surplus Value]]'', often considered as the [[:w:Das_Kapital#Capital,_Volume_IV|fourth volume]] of ''Capital,'' written in 1862 and 1863, first published 1905-1910 in German; roughly 1500 pages in English translation, with 400 pages of Appendices etc.). Moreover Marx had a very extensive background in (Hegelian) philosophy and in political theory. 

In the first chapters of ''Capital 1'' very fundamental, and very abstract thoughts are developed, concerning the nature of value in the capitalist mode of production. Marx's concept of [[:w:Surplus value|surplus value]] is coined here. The concept of surplus value forms the basis of his theory of exploitation in capitalism. Surplus value also gives way to accumulation of capital. In this way the fundamental, and growing antagonism between labour and capital develops. Apart from that ''Capital 1'' holds extensive inquiries about the early development of capitalism and the so-called primitive accumulation, and the way in which the conflict between labour and capital develops in the different periods of capitalist development. 

Especially the first chapters are sometimes considered difficult reading. There are some valuable tools for help, like for instance [[:w:David Harvey|David Harvey's]] lectures and companion (2007-2022). One interesting thing of Harvey's work is that it often makes links to contemporary economic problems.&lt;ref name=Harvey&gt;[https://davidharvey.org/reading-capital/ Harvey's lectures online on Marx's Capital (and Grundrisse)] and [https://archive.org/details/companiontomarxs0000harv (vol. 1) companion to vol. 1]&lt;/ref&gt; Another comprehensive study guide is given by [[:w:Harry Cleaver|Harry Cleaver]].&lt;ref name=Cleaver&gt;[https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/357k/357ksg.html Cleaver: Study Guide to Capital 1] and [https://la.utexas.edu/users/hcleaver/357k/357krcp.html Cleaver : Reading Capital Politically]&lt;/ref&gt; Stephen Shapiro has also written a &quot;How to Read&quot; guide to Marx's Capital.&lt;ref name=Shapiro&gt;{{cite book
| last = Shapiro | first = Stephen
| date = 2008
| title = How to Read Marx's Capital
| location = London
| publisher = Pluto Press
| ISBN = 978 0 7453 2562 0
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Further, there is [[:w:Michael Heinrich|Michael Heinrich's]] ''How to Read Marx's 'Capital''' which is an annotated guide to the first few chapters of Volume 1,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Heinrich|first=Michael|year=2021|title= How to Read Marx's ‘Capital’. Commentary and Explanations on the Beginning Chapters|publisher= Monthly Review Press|isbn= 978-1-58367-894-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as the broader scoped ''[[:w:An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital|An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|publisher= Monthly Review Press|last=Heinrich|first=Michael|isbn=978-1-58367-289-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

One of the first &quot;reading aids&quot; for ''Das Kapital'' (vol. 1) ever published was a synopsis, written and published by Friedrich Engels in 1868. He he limited his summary to the first four parts of volume 1.&lt;ref name=Engels1868&gt;{{cite web
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| date = 1868
| title = Synopsis of Capital
| website = marxists.org
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/1868-syn/
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}} See also {{cite web
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/pdf/Synopsis_of_Capital.pdf
| date = 1868
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| title = Synopsis of Capital (together with different reviews) - pdf
| website = marxists.org
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}} And see also {{cite book
| last = Engels | first = Friedrich
| date = 1956
| title = On Marx's Capital
| location = Moscow
| publisher = Progress Publisher
| url = https://archive.org/details/engelsonmarxscapital
| access-date = 2024-10-02
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

There are abridged editions like the one written by [[:w:Otto Rühle|Otto Rühle]]: ''Karl Marx's Capital: An Abridgment.''&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Rühle|1939}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

For students who read German, ''Kapital.doc'' by [[:w:Elmar Altvater|Elmar Altvater]] may be interesting.{{sfn|Altvater|1998}} The book contains a lot of summarizing diagrams, more or less like flowcharts, that present Marx’s argumentation in a condensed and concentrated form.

== See also ==
* [[w:en:Das Kapital, Volume I|Das Kapital, volume 1]] in English Wikipedia

== References ==
{{references}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book
| last = Altvater | first = Elmar
| date = 1998
| title = Kapital.doc
| location = Münster
| publisher = Westfälisches Dampfboot
| ISBN = 9783896914378
| url = http://www.elmaraltvater.net/books/Altvater_Book1.pdf
| ref = harv
}} (the original book contained a CD-ROM)
* {{cite web
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1939/capital.htm
| last = Rühle | first = Otto
| title = Karl Marx's Capital: An Abridgment
| date = 1939
| publisher = marxists.org
}} Note that in this abridged edition the division in chapters is different from the English editions of ''Capital''.

== External links ==
* [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ Volume 1 online] at marxists.org
* [https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/guide/index.htm Study guide for ''Capital 1''] at marxists.org


{{BookCat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mathematics education</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>317619</id>
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      <parentid>2806693</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T18:15:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>RayN53</username>
        <id>3044043</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added my section</comment>
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      <text bytes="965" sha1="tvjikos3nofl461t5vfooce0uefug4h" xml:space="preserve">Mathematics education is a discipline that studies the learning and teaching of mathematics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2024-12-21|title=Mathematics education|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_education|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mathematics Teacher Education Resources ==

* [[Levels of cognitive demand of tasks]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Margaret Schwan|last2=Stein|first2=Mary Kay|date=1998|title=REFLECTIONS on Practice: Selecting and Creating mathematical Tasks: From Research to Practice|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41180423|journal=Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School|volume=3|issue=5|pages=344–350|issn=1072-0839}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Lesson plans created by prospective teachers]]
* [[Research: Technology's Support for Learning]]
* [[Research: Manipulatives (Sydney)]]

[[Category:Education]]
[[Category:Mathematics|education]]
&lt;references /&gt;

* [[Research: Problem Based Learning]]
* [[Effects of the Gifted Label]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User:Dc.samizdat/Golden chords of the 120-cell</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
        <id>2856930</id>
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      <comment>/* The 8-point regular polytopes */</comment>
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      <text bytes="41452" sha1="due8rs51int4c9tie7d60rn1ej73kok" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two smaller chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever way 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[W:16-cell|16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, so we obtain a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, so we obtain a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. 

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a regular skew octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell has 3 such Petrie octagons, which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular 4-polytopes, including the 120-cell, are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. In this convenient unit-radius 4-coordinate system, the original planar octagon we started with had chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2},r_2=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313,r_3=2+\sqrt{2} \approx 3.41421,r_4=\sqrt{2(4 + \sqrt{8})} \approx 3.69552&lt;/math&gt;

none of which chords except &lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; occur in the 16-cell.

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] central squares lying in 6 coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. The two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant rotation planes, because all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the completely orthogonal planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic isoclinic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane, and every vertex to its antipodal vertex 180° degrees away. All the vertices move at once, displaced 180° in different directions, and the rigid 4-polytope assumes a different orientation in 4-space. When the isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 180° to its antipodal position. Because the second 90° rotation begins from a different orientation than the first 90° rotation, the vertex does not return to its original position before the first 90° rotation. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex visits all 8 vertex positions and returns to its original position.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in [[W:Demihypercube|an exact dimensional analogy]] to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two regular 4-point tetrahedra]].

The tesseract is also the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular octagon, but the tesseract contains 2 disjoint instances and 6 distinct instances of the skew octagon. We can build the tesseract the same way we did the 16-cell, by the very same skewing of a planar octagon, but we will need two planar octagons, and to start we must embedded them in 4-space as completely orthogonal planes that intersect at only one point, the octagons' common center. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), to build a unit-radius tesseract we start with our original octagon of unit-edge length, rather than the octagon of edge length &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; that we needed to build the unit-radius 16-cell.

== The 24-cell ==

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally, the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chords to subsumption relations among 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>due8rs51int4c9tie7d60rn1ej73kok</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2806800</id>
      <parentid>2806796</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T14:34:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
        <id>2856930</id>
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      <comment>/* The 8-point regular polytopes */</comment>
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      <text bytes="41452" sha1="s9tua7256ucwzfn7r14pfll8z44z3qq" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two smaller chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever way 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[W:16-cell|16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, so we obtain a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, so we obtain a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. 

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a regular skew octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell has 3 such Petrie octagons, which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular 4-polytopes, including the 120-cell, are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. In this convenient unit-radius 4-coordinate system, the original planar octagon we started with had chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2},r_2=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313,r_3=2+\sqrt{2} \approx 3.41421,r_4=\sqrt{2(4 + \sqrt{8})} \approx 3.69552&lt;/math&gt;

none of which chords except &lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; occur in the 16-cell.

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] central squares lying in 6 coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. The two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant rotation planes, because all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the completely orthogonal planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic isoclinic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane, and every vertex to its antipodal vertex 180° degrees away. All the vertices move at once, displaced 180° in different directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a different orientation in 4-space. When its isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 180° to its antipodal position. Because the second 90° rotation begins from a different orientation than the first 90° rotation, it does not return the vertex to its original position before the first 90° rotation. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex visits all 8 vertex positions and returns to its original position.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in [[W:Demihypercube|an exact dimensional analogy]] to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two regular 4-point tetrahedra]].

The tesseract is also the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular octagon, but the tesseract contains 2 disjoint instances and 6 distinct instances of the skew octagon. We can build the tesseract the same way we did the 16-cell, by the very same skewing of a planar octagon, but we will need two planar octagons, and to start we must embedded them in 4-space as completely orthogonal planes that intersect at only one point, the octagons' common center. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), to build a unit-radius tesseract we start with our original octagon of unit-edge length, rather than the octagon of edge length &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; that we needed to build the unit-radius 16-cell.

== The 24-cell ==

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally, the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chords to subsumption relations among 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>s9tua7256ucwzfn7r14pfll8z44z3qq</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2806801</id>
      <parentid>2806800</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
        <id>2856930</id>
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      <text bytes="41453" sha1="sweakalp4lw6d1hpfc1dwrl0ecfz3i9" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two smaller chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever way 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
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|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[W:16-cell|16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, so we obtain a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, so we obtain a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. 

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a regular skew octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell has 3 such Petrie octagons, which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular 4-polytopes, including the 120-cell, are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. In this convenient unit-radius 4-coordinate system, the original planar octagon we started with had chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2},r_2=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313,r_3=2+\sqrt{2} \approx 3.41421,r_4=\sqrt{2(4 + \sqrt{8})} \approx 3.69552&lt;/math&gt;

none of which chords except &lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; occur in the 16-cell.

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] central squares lying in 6 coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. The two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant rotation planes, because all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the completely orthogonal planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic isoclinic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane, and every vertex to its antipodal vertex 180° degrees away. All the vertices move at once, displaced 180° in different directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a different orientation in 4-space. When its isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 180° to its antipodal position. Because the second 90° rotation begins from a different orientation than the first 90° rotation, it does not return each vertex to its original position before the first 90° rotation. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex visits all 8 vertex positions and returns to its original position.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in [[W:Demihypercube|an exact dimensional analogy]] to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two regular 4-point tetrahedra]].

The tesseract is also the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular octagon, but the tesseract contains 2 disjoint instances and 6 distinct instances of the skew octagon. We can build the tesseract the same way we did the 16-cell, by the very same skewing of a planar octagon, but we will need two planar octagons, and to start we must embedded them in 4-space as completely orthogonal planes that intersect at only one point, the octagons' common center. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), to build a unit-radius tesseract we start with our original octagon of unit-edge length, rather than the octagon of edge length &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; that we needed to build the unit-radius 16-cell.

== The 24-cell ==

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally, the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chords to subsumption relations among 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
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      <text bytes="41296" sha1="7lansf95e269wrwerxu8zbg1yzq7v9p" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two smaller chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever way 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[W:16-cell|16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, so we obtain a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, so we obtain a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. 

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a regular skew octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell has 3 such Petrie octagons, which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular 4-polytopes, including the 120-cell, are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. In this convenient unit-radius 4-coordinate system, the original planar octagon we started with had chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2},r_2=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313,r_3=2+\sqrt{2} \approx 3.41421,r_4=\sqrt{2(4 + \sqrt{8})} \approx 3.69552&lt;/math&gt;

none of which chords except &lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; occur in the 16-cell.

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] central squares lying in 6 coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. The two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant rotation planes, because all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the completely orthogonal planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic isoclinic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane, and every vertex to its antipodal vertex 180° degrees away. All the vertices move at once, displaced 180° in different directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a different orientation in 4-space. When its isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 180° to its antipodal position, but from the new orientation. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex visits all 8 vertex positions and returns to its original position.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in [[W:Demihypercube|an exact dimensional analogy]] to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two regular 4-point tetrahedra]].

The tesseract is also the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular octagon, but the tesseract contains 2 disjoint instances and 6 distinct instances of the skew octagon. We can build the tesseract the same way we did the 16-cell, by the very same skewing of a planar octagon, but we will need two planar octagons, and to start we must embedded them in 4-space as completely orthogonal planes that intersect at only one point, the octagons' common center. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), to build a unit-radius tesseract we start with our original octagon of unit-edge length, rather than the octagon of edge length &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; that we needed to build the unit-radius 16-cell.

== The 24-cell ==

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally, the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chords to subsumption relations among 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>7lansf95e269wrwerxu8zbg1yzq7v9p</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806806</id>
      <parentid>2806805</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T15:09:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
        <id>2856930</id>
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      <comment>/* The 8-point regular polytopes */</comment>
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      <text bytes="41296" sha1="kqiu1v0pwf0shxy9f2fqo6rk05sohgr" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two smaller chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever way 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[W:16-cell|16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, so we obtain a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, so we obtain a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. 

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a regular skew octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell has 3 such Petrie octagons, which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular 4-polytopes, including the 120-cell, are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. In this convenient unit-radius 4-coordinate system, the original planar octagon we started with had chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2},r_2=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313,r_3=2+\sqrt{2} \approx 3.41421,r_4=\sqrt{2(4 + \sqrt{8})} \approx 3.69552&lt;/math&gt;

none of which chords except &lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; occur in the 16-cell.

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] central squares lying in 6 coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. The two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant rotation planes, because all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the completely orthogonal planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic isoclinic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane, and every vertex to its antipodal vertex 180° degrees away. All the vertices move at once, displaced 180° in different directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a different orientation in 4-space. When the isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 180° to its antipodal position, but from the new orientation. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex visits all 8 vertex positions and returns to its original position.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in [[W:Demihypercube|an exact dimensional analogy]] to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two regular 4-point tetrahedra]].

The tesseract is also the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular octagon, but the tesseract contains 2 disjoint instances and 6 distinct instances of the skew octagon. We can build the tesseract the same way we did the 16-cell, by the very same skewing of a planar octagon, but we will need two planar octagons, and to start we must embedded them in 4-space as completely orthogonal planes that intersect at only one point, the octagons' common center. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), to build a unit-radius tesseract we start with our original octagon of unit-edge length, rather than the octagon of edge length &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; that we needed to build the unit-radius 16-cell.

== The 24-cell ==

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally, the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chords to subsumption relations among 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>kqiu1v0pwf0shxy9f2fqo6rk05sohgr</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2806809</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
        <id>2856930</id>
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      <text bytes="41306" sha1="if6sqpafflrpwem6m7cpa56dz1jns5k" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two smaller chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever way 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[W:16-cell|16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, so we obtain a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, so we obtain a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. 

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a regular skew octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell has 3 such Petrie octagons, which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular 4-polytopes, including the 120-cell, are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. In this convenient unit-radius 4-coordinate system, the original planar octagon we started with had chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2},r_2=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313,r_3=2+\sqrt{2} \approx 3.41421,r_4=\sqrt{2(4 + \sqrt{8})} \approx 3.69552&lt;/math&gt;

none of which chords except &lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; occur in the 16-cell.

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] central squares lying in 6 coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. The two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant rotation planes, because all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the completely orthogonal planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic isoclinic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane, and every vertex to its antipodal vertex 180° degrees away. All the vertices move at once, displaced 180° in different directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a different orientation in 4-space. When the isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 180° to its antipodal position, but from the new orientation. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex visits all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in [[W:Demihypercube|an exact dimensional analogy]] to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two regular 4-point tetrahedra]].

The tesseract is also the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular octagon, but the tesseract contains 2 disjoint instances and 6 distinct instances of the skew octagon. We can build the tesseract the same way we did the 16-cell, by the very same skewing of a planar octagon, but we will need two planar octagons, and to start we must embedded them in 4-space as completely orthogonal planes that intersect at only one point, the octagons' common center. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), to build a unit-radius tesseract we start with our original octagon of unit-edge length, rather than the octagon of edge length &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; that we needed to build the unit-radius 16-cell.

== The 24-cell ==

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally, the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chords to subsumption relations among 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>if6sqpafflrpwem6m7cpa56dz1jns5k</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2806820</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
        <id>2856930</id>
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      <text bytes="41300" sha1="p61y3ebeutpecmn3pn039rksxlyws3j" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two smaller chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever way 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[W:16-cell|16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, so we obtain a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, so we obtain a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. 

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a regular skew octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell has 3 such Petrie octagons, which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular 4-polytopes, including the 120-cell, are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. In this convenient unit-radius 4-coordinate system, the original planar octagon we started with had chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2},r_2=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313,r_3=2+\sqrt{2} \approx 3.41421,r_4=\sqrt{2(4 + \sqrt{8})} \approx 3.69552&lt;/math&gt;

none of which chords except &lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; occur in the 16-cell.

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] central squares lying in 6 coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. The two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant rotation planes, because all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the completely orthogonal planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic isoclinic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane, and every vertex to its antipodal vertex 180° degrees away. All the vertices move at once, displaced 180° in different directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 180° to its antipodal position, but from the new orientation. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex visits all 8 vertex positions just once and returns to its original position.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in [[W:Demihypercube|an exact dimensional analogy]] to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two regular 4-point tetrahedra]].

The tesseract is also the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular octagon, but the tesseract contains 2 disjoint instances and 6 distinct instances of the skew octagon. We can build the tesseract the same way we did the 16-cell, by the very same skewing of a planar octagon, but we will need two planar octagons, and to start we must embedded them in 4-space as completely orthogonal planes that intersect at only one point, the octagons' common center. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), to build a unit-radius tesseract we start with our original octagon of unit-edge length, rather than the octagon of edge length &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; that we needed to build the unit-radius 16-cell.

== The 24-cell ==

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally, the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chords to subsumption relations among 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
      <sha1>p61y3ebeutpecmn3pn039rksxlyws3j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806841</id>
      <parentid>2806820</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T21:27:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dc.samizdat</username>
        <id>2856930</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* The 8-point regular polytopes */</comment>
      <origin>2806841</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41306" sha1="h1ew6a89mf52l4heb26s9slagf1otkq" xml:space="preserve">{{align|center|David Brooks Christie}}
{{align|center|dc@samizdat.org}}
{{align|center|Draft in progress}}
{{align|center|January 2026 - April 2026}}

&lt;blockquote&gt;Steinbach discovered the formula for the ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. Fontaine and Hurley extended this result, discovering a formula for the reciprocal of a regular polygon chord derived geometrically from the chord's star polygon. We observe that these findings in plane geometry apply more generally, to polytopes of any dimensionality. Fontaine and Hurley's geometric procedure for finding the reciprocals of the chords of a regular polygon from their star polygons also finds the rotational geodesics of any polytope of any dimensionality.&lt;/blockquote&gt;
== Introduction ==
Steinbach discovered the Diagonal Product Formula and the Golden Fields family of ratios of diagonal to side in the regular polygons. He showed how this family extends beyond the pentagon {5} with its well-known golden bisection proportional to 𝜙, finding that the heptagon {7} has an analogous trisection, the nonagon {9} has an analogous quadrasection, and the hendecagon {11} has an analogous pentasection, an extended family of golden proportions with quasiperiodic properties. 

Kappraff and Adamson extended these findings in plane geometry to a theory of Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, showing that the Golden Fields not only do not end with the hendecagon, they form an infinite number of periodic trajectories when operated on by the Mandelbrot operator. They found a relation between the edges of star polygons and dynamical systems in the state of chaos, revealing a connection between chaos theory, number, and rotations in Coxeter Euclidean geometry. 

Fontaine and Hurley examined Steinbach's finding that the length of each chord of a regular polygon is both the product of two smaller chords and the sum of a set of smaller chords, so that in rotations to add is to multiply. They illustrated Steinbach's sets of additive chords lying parallel to each other in the plane (pointing in the same direction), and by applying Steinbach's formula more generally they found another summation relation of signed parallel chords (pointing in opposite directions) which relates each chord length to its reciprocal, and relates the summation to a distinct star polygon rotation. 

We examine these remarkable findings (which stem from study of the chords of humble regular polygons) in higher-dimensional spaces, specifically in the chords, polygons and rotations of the [[120-cell]], the largest four-dimensional regular convex polytope.

== Visualizing the 120-cell ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable floatright&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:120-cell.gif|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point 120-cell &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{5,3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].{{Sfn|Hise|2011|loc=File:120-cell.gif|ps=; &quot;Created by Jason Hise with Maya and Macromedia Fireworks. A 3D projection of a 120-cell performing a [[W:SO(4)#Geometry of 4D rotations|simple rotation]].&quot;}} In this simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges are shown; its 29 interior chords are not rendered. Therefore even though it is translucent, only its outer surface is visible. The complex interior parts of the 120-cell, all its inscribed 5-cells, 16-cells, 8-cells, 24-cells, 600-cells and its much larger inventory of polyhedra, are completely invisible in this view, as none of their edges are rendered at all.
|style=&quot;vertical-align:top&quot;|[[File:Ortho solid 016-uniform polychoron p33-t0.png|200px]]&lt;br&gt;Orthographic projection of the 600-point [[W:Great grand stellated 120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\{\tfrac{5}{2},3,3\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;.{{Sfn|Ruen: Great grand stellated 120-cell|2007}} The 120-cell is its convex hull. The projection to the left renders only the 120-cell's shortest chord, its 1200 edges. The projection above also renders only one of the 120-cell's 30 chords, the edges of its 120 inscribed regular 5-cells. The 120-cell itself (the convex hull) is invisible in this view, as its edges are not rendered.
|}

[[120-cell#Geometry|The 120-cell is the maximally complex regular 4-polytope]], containing inscribed instances of every regular 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-polytope, except the regular polygons of more than {15} sides. 

The 120-cell is the convex hull of a regular [[120-cell#Relationships among interior polytopes|compound of each of the 6 regular convex 4-polytopes]]. They are the [[5-cell|5-point (5-cell) 4-simplex]], the [[16-cell|8-point (16-cell) 4-orthoplex]], the [[W:Tesseract|16-point (8-cell) tesseract]], the [[24-cell|24-point (24-cell)]], the [[600-cell|120-point (600-cell)]], and the [[120-cell|600-point (120-cell)]]. The 120-cell is the convex hull of a compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells, of 75 disjoint 16-cells, of 25 disjoint 24-cells, and of 5 disjoint 600-cells.

The 120-cell contains an even larger inventory of irregular polytopes, created by the intersection of multiple instances of these component regular 4-polytopes. Many are quite unexpected, because they do not occur as components of any regular polytope smaller than the 120-cell. As just one example among the [[120-cell#Concentric hulls|sections of the 120-cell]], there is an irregular 24-point polyhedron with 16 triangle faces and 4 nonagon {9} faces.{{Sfn|Moxness|}}

Most renderings of the 120-cell, like the rotating projection here, only illustrate its outer surface, which is a honeycomb of face-bonded dodecahedral cells. Only the objects in its 3-dimensional surface are rendered, namely the 120 dodecahedra, their pentagon faces, and their edges. Although the 120-cell has chords of 30 distinct lengths, in this kind of simplified rendering only the 120-cell's own edges (its shortest chord) are shown. Its 29 interior chords, the edges of objects in the interior of the 120-cell, are not rendered, so interior objects are not visible at all.

Visualizing the complete interior of the 600-vertex 120-cell in a single image is impractical because of its complexity. Only four 120-cell edges are incident at each vertex, but [[120-cell#Chords|600 chords (of all 30 lengths)]] are incident at ''each'' vertex.

== Compounds in the 120-cell ==
The 8-point (16-cell), not the 5-point (5-cell), is the smallest building block; it compounds to every larger regular 4-polytope. The 5-point (5-cell) does compound to the 600-point (120-cell), but it does not fit into any smaller regular 4-polytope. 

The 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 2 in the 16-point (8-cell), and by 3 in the 24-point (24-cell). The 16-point (8-cell) compounds in the 24-point (24-cell) by 3 non-disjoint instances of itself, with each of the 24 vertices shared by two 16-point (8-cells). The 24-point (24-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell), and the 120-point (600-cell) compounds by 5 disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell).

The 24-point (24-cell) also compounds by &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; non-disjoint instances of itself in the 120-point (600-cell); it compounds in 5 disjoint instances of itself, 10 (not 5) different ways. Whichever way 5 disjoint 24-point (24-cells) are assembled, the resulting 120-point (600-cell) contains 25 distinct 24-point (24-cells), not just 5 (or 10). This implies that 15 disjoint 8-point (16-cells) will construct a 120-point (600-cell), which will contain 75 distinct 8-point (16-cells). 

The 600-point (120-cell) is 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), just 2 different ways (not 5 or 10 ways), so it is 10 distinct 120-point (600-cells). This implies that the 8-point (16-cell) compounds by 3 times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (75) disjoint instances of itself in the 600-point (120-cell), which contains &lt;math&gt;3^2&lt;/math&gt; times  &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (225) distinct instances of the 24-point (24-cell), and  &lt;math&gt;3^3&lt;/math&gt; times &lt;math&gt;5^2&lt;/math&gt; (675) distinct instances of the 8-point (16-cell). 

These facts were discovered painstakingly by various researchers, and no one has found a general rule governing subsumption relations among regular polytopes. The reasons for some of their numeric incidence relations are far from obvious. [[W:Pieter Hendrik Schoute|Schoute]] was the first to see that the 120-point (600-cell) is a compound of 5 24-point (24-cells) ''10 different ways'', and after he saw it a hundred years lapsed until Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne proved his result, and showed why.{{Sfn|Denney, Hooker, Johnson, Robinson, Butler &amp; Claiborne|2020|loc=''The geometry of H4 polytopes''}}

So much for the compounds of 16-cells. The 120-cell is also the convex hull of the compound of 120 disjoint regular 5-cells. That stellated compound (without its convex hull of 120-cell edges) is the [[w:Great_grand_stellated_120-cell|great grand stellated 120-cell]] illustrated above, the final regular [[W:Stellation|stellation]] of the 120-cell, and the only [[W:Schläfli-Hess polychoron|regular star 4-polytope]] to have the 120-cell for its convex hull. The edges of the great grand stellated 120-cell are &lt;math&gt;\phi^6&lt;/math&gt; as long as those of its 120-cell [[W:List of polyhedral stellations#Stellation process|stellation core]] deep inside.

The compound of 120 disjoint 5-point (5-cells) can be seen to be equivalent to the compound of 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells), as follows. Beginning with a single 120-point (600-cell), expand each vertex into a regular 5-cell, by adding 4 new equidistant vertices, such that the 5 vertices form a regular 5-cell inscribed in the 3-sphere. The 120 5-cells are disjoint, and the 600 vertices form 5 disjoint 120-point (600-cells): a 120-cell.

== Thirty distinguished distances ==
The 30 numbers listed in the table are all-important in Euclidean geometry. A case can be made on symmetry grounds that their squares are the 30 most important numbers between 0 and 4. The 30 rows of the table are the 30 distinct [[120-cell#Geodesic rectangles|chord lengths of the unit-radius 120-cell]], the largest regular convex 4-polytope. Since the 120-cell subsumes all smaller regular polytopes, its 30 chords are the complete chord set of all the regular polytopes that can be constructed in the first four dimensions of Euclidean space, except for regular polygons of more than 15 sides.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|arc
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{n}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;math&gt;\left\{p\right\}&lt;/math&gt;
!rowspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;m\left\{\frac{k}{d}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
!rowspan=2|Steinbach roots
!colspan=7|Chord lengths of the unit 120-cell
|-
!colspan=5|unit-radius length &lt;math&gt;c_t&lt;/math&gt;
!colspan=2|unit-edge length &lt;math&gt;c_t/c_1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;br&gt;in 120-cell of radius &lt;math&gt;c_8=\sqrt{2}\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{1,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;15.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{30\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}-c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.270091&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^4}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.072949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;25.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{15\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(c_{18,1}-c_{4,1}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.437016&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.190983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;36{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{10\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3 \left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right) c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.381966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.28825&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;41.4{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.707107&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{5,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;44.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \left\{\frac{15}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{2,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.756934&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}}{\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2 \phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.572949}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.80252&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{6,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;49.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{17}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.831254&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.690983}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.07768&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{7,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;56.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;0.93913&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{0.881966}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.47709&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;60{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{6\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.70246&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{9,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;66.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{2 \phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}-\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.09132&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{\phi }}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\chi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.04057&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{10,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;69.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2 \sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.14412&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi }{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{11,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;72{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{6}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{5\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.17557&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3-\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.38197}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \sqrt{3-\phi } \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.3525&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;75.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{24}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.22474&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.53457&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{13,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;81.1{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.30038&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{9-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(9-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.8146&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{14,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;84.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{40}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi } c_{8,1}}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{1+\sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.345&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi }}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{5} \phi }{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt[4]{5} \sqrt{\phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;4.9798&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{15,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;90.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{4\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{4,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.41421&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.23607&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{16,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;95.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{29}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.4802&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.19098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(11-\sqrt{5}\right)} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.48037&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{17,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;98.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{31}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.51954&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{7+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(7+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\psi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.62605&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{18,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;104.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{8}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{4}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.58114&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5} \sqrt{\phi ^4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{19,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;108.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{9}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{10}{3}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{3,1}+c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.61803&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{1+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;5.9907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{20,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;110.2{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.64042&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13-\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13-\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.69098}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\phi ^2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.07359&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{21,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;113.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{60}{19}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.67601&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\chi }{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.20537&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{22,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;120{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{10}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{3\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.73205&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{6} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.41285&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{23,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;124.0{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{120}{41}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{\phi }+\frac{5}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}+\frac{2}{1+\sqrt{5}}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.7658&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4-\frac{\psi }{2 \phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.11803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\chi  \phi ^5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.53779&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{24,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;130.9{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{20}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.81907&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{11+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(11+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.30902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{\sqrt{5}}{\phi }}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.73503&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{25,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;135.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{11}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{7+3 \sqrt{5}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.85123&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\phi ^2}{\sqrt{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{\phi ^4}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.42705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^4&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.8541&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{26,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;138.6{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{12}{5}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.87083&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{7}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{7} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;6.92667&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{27,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;144{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{12}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{5}{2}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{2} \left(5+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.90211&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\phi +2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2+\phi }&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.61803}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{2 \phi +4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.0425&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{28,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;154.8{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{13}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}} c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.95167&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{\sqrt{13+\sqrt{5}}}{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{1}{4} \left(13+\sqrt{5}\right)}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.80902}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2 \sqrt{8-\frac{1}{\phi ^2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.22598&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{29,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;164.5{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{14}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{15}{7}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi  c_{12,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.98168&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}} \phi &lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{\frac{3 \phi ^2}{2}}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3.92705}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{3} \phi ^3&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.33708&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;c_{30,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;180{}^{\circ}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{\frac{30}{15}\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\left\{2\right\}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 c_{8,1}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{4.}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2 \sqrt{2} \phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;7.40492&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|rowspan=4 colspan=6|
|rowspan=4 colspan=4|
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is the golden ratio:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi ^2-\phi -1=0&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }+1=\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and: &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi+1=\phi^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{\phi }::1::\phi ::\phi ^2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; are the golden sections of &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi +\frac{1}{\phi }=\sqrt{5}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\phi = (\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1.618034&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\chi = (3\sqrt{5} + 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;3.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = (3\sqrt{5} - 1)/2&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\psi = 11/\chi = 22/(3\sqrt{5} + 1)&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|&lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;2.854102&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;
|}

...

== The 8-point regular polytopes ==
In 2-space we have the regular 8-point octagon, in 3-space the regular 8-point cube, and in 4-space the regular 8-point [[W:16-cell|16-cell]].

A planar octagon with rigid edges of unit length has chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}} \approx 1.84776,r_3=1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.41421,r_4=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313&lt;/math&gt;

The chord ratio &lt;math&gt;r_3=1+\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; is a geometrical proportion, the [[W:Silver ratio|silver ratio]]. Fontaine and Hurley's procedure for obtaining the reciprocal of a chord tells us that:

:&lt;math&gt;r_3-r_1-r_1=1/r_3 \approx 0.41421&lt;/math&gt;

Notice that &lt;math&gt;1/r_3=\sqrt{2}-1=r_3-2&lt;/math&gt;.

If we embed this planar octagon in 3-space, we can make it skew, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from three others instead of two others, so we obtain a unit-edge cube with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1, r_2=\sqrt{2}, r_3=\sqrt{3}, r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

If we embed this cube in 4-space, we can skew it some more, repositioning its vertices so that each is one unit-edge length distant from six others instead of three others, so we obtain a unit-edge 4-polytope with chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=1,r_2=1,r_3=1,r_4=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;

All of its chords except its long diameters are the same unit length as its edge. In fact they are its 24 edges, and it is a 16-cell of radius &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;1/\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. 

The [[16-cell]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {3,3,4}. It has 8 vertices, 24 edges, 32 equilateral triangle faces, and 16 regular tetrahedron cells. It is the [[16-cell#Octahedral dipyramid|four-dimensional analogue of the octahedron]], and each of its four orthogonal central hyperplanes is an octahedron.

The only planar regular polygons found in the 16-cell are face triangles and central plane squares, but the 16-cell also contains a regular skew octagon, its [[W:Petrie polygon|Petrie polygon]]. The chords of this regular octagon, which lies skew in 4-space, are those given above for the 16-cell, as opposed to those for the cube or the regular octagon in the plane. The 16-cell has 3 such Petrie octagons, which share the same 8 vertices but have disjoint sets of 8 edges each.

The regular octad has higher symmetry in 4-space than it does in 2-space. The 16-cell is the 4-orthoplex, the simplest regular 4-polytope after the [[5-cell|4-simplex]]. All the larger regular 4-polytopes, including the 120-cell, are compounds of the 16-cell. The regular octagon exhibits this high symmetry only when embedded in 4-space at the vertices of the 16-cell.

The 16-cell constitutes an [[W:Orthonormal basis|orthonormal basis]] for the choice of a 4-dimensional Cartesian reference frame, because its vertices define four orthogonal axes. The eight vertices of a unit-radius 16-cell are (±1, 0, 0, 0), (0, ±1, 0, 0), (0, 0, ±1, 0), (0, 0, 0, ±1). All vertices are connected by &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; edges except opposite pairs. In this convenient unit-radius 4-coordinate system, the original planar octagon we started with had chords of length:

:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2},r_2=\sqrt{4 + \sqrt{8}} \approx 2.61313,r_3=2+\sqrt{2} \approx 3.41421,r_4=\sqrt{2(4 + \sqrt{8})} \approx 3.69552&lt;/math&gt;

none of which chords except &lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt; occur in the 16-cell.

The vertex coordinates of the 16-cell form 6 [[W:Orthogonal|orthogonal]] central squares lying in 6 coordinate planes. Great squares in ''opposite'' planes that do not share an axis (e.g. in the ''xy'' and ''wz'' planes) are completely disjoint (they do not intersect at any vertices). These planes are [[W:Completely orthogonal|completely orthogonal]].{{Efn|name=Six orthogonal planes of the Cartesian basis}}

[[W:Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space|Rotations in 4-dimensional Euclidean space]] can be seen as the composition of two 2-dimensional rotations in completely orthogonal planes. The general rotation in 4-space is a double rotation in pairs of completely orthogonal planes. The two completely orthogonal planes are called invariant rotation planes, because all points in the plane rotate on circles that remain in the plane, even as the whole plane tilts sideways (like a coin flipping) into another plane. The two completely orthogonal rotations of each plane (like a wheel, and like a coin flipping) are simultaneous but independent, in that they are not geometrically constrained to turn at the same rate. However, the most circular kind of rotation (as opposed to an elliptical double rotation of a rigid spherical object) occurs when the completely orthogonal planes do rotate through the same angle in the same time interval. Such equi-angled double rotations are called [[w:SO(4)#Isoclinic_rotations|isoclinic]], also [[w:William_Kingdon_Clifford|Clifford]] displacements.

The 16-cell is the simplest possible frame in which to [[16-cell#Rotations|observe 4-dimensional rotations]] because its characteristic isoclinic rotations feature a single pair of invariant rotation planes. In the 16-cell an isoclinic rotation by 90° in any pair of invariant completely orthogonal square central planes takes every square central plane to its completely orthogonal square central plane, and takes every vertex to its antipodal vertex 180° degrees away. All the vertices move at once, displaced 180° in different directions, and the rigid 16-cell assumes a new orientation in 4-space. When the isoclinic rotation is continued in the same rotational direction through an additional 90°, each vertex is again displaced 180° to its antipodal position, but from the new orientation. In the course of a 720° isoclinic rotation each vertex visits all 8 vertex positions once each and returns to its original position.

== Hypercubes ==
The long diameter of the unit-edge [[W:Hypercube|hypercube]] of dimension &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;n&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; is &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{n}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, so the unit-edge [[w:Tesseract|4-hypercube, the 16-point (8-cell) tesseract,]] has chords:
:&lt;math&gt;r_1=\sqrt{1},r_2=\sqrt{2},r_3=\sqrt{3},r_4=\sqrt{4}&lt;/math&gt;
Uniquely in its 4-dimensional case, the hypercube's edge length equals its radius, like the hexagon. We call such polytopes ''radially equilateral'', because they can be constructed from equilateral triangles which meet at their center, each contributing two radii and an edge. The cuboctahedron and the 24-cell are also radially equilateral.

The [[W:Tesseract|tesseract]] is the [[W:Regular convex 4-polytope|regular convex 4-polytope]] with [[W:Schläfli symbol|Schläfli symbol]] {4,3,3}. It has 16 vertices, 32 edges, 24 square faces, and 8 cube cells. It is the four-dimensional analogue of the cube.

The 16-point tesseract is the convex hull of a compound of two 8-point 16-cells, in [[W:Demihypercube|an exact dimensional analogy]] to the way the 8-point cube is the convex hull of a [[W:Stellated octahedron|compound of two regular 4-point tetrahedra]].

The tesseract is also the [[W:Dual polytope|dual polytope]] of the 16-cell. They have the same Petrie polygon, the regular octagon, but the tesseract contains 2 disjoint instances and 6 distinct instances of the skew octagon. We can build the tesseract the same way we did the 16-cell, by the very same skewing of a planar octagon, but we will need two planar octagons, and to start we must embedded them in 4-space as completely orthogonal planes that intersect at only one point, the octagons' common center. Because the tesseract is radially equilateral (unlike the 16-cell), to build a unit-radius tesseract we start with our original octagon of unit-edge length, rather than the octagon of edge length &lt;small&gt;&lt;math&gt;\sqrt{2}&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/small&gt; that we needed to build the unit-radius 16-cell.

== The 24-cell ==

...

== The 600-cell ==

...

== Finally, the 120-cell ==

...

== Conclusions ==

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery is more than a formula for the reciprocal of a regular ''n''-polygon diagonal. It also yields the discrete sequence of isocline chords of the distinct isoclinic rotation characteristic of a ''d''-dimensional regular polytope. The characteristic rotational chord sequence of the ''d''-polytope can be represented geometrically in two dimensions on a distinct star polygon, but it lies on a geodesic circle through ''d''-dimensional space. Fontaine and Hurley discovered the geodesic topology of polytopes generally. Their procedure will reveal the geodesics of arbitrary non-uniform polytopes, since it can be applied to a polytope of any dimensionality and irregularity, by first fitting the polytope to the smallest regular polygon whose chords include its chords.

Fontaine and Hurley's discovery of a chordal formula for isoclinic rotations closes the circuit on Kappraff and Adamson's discovery of a rotational connection between dynamical systems, Steinbach's golden fields, and Coxeter's Euclidean geometry of ''n'' dimensions. Application of the Fontaine and Hurley procedure in higher-dimensional spaces demonstrates why the connection exists: because polytope sequences generally, from Steinbach's golden polygon chords to subsumption relations among 4-polytopes, arise as expressions of the reflections and rotations of distinct Coxeter symmetry groups, when those various groups interact.

== Appendix: Sequence of regular 4-polytopes ==
{{Regular convex 4-polytopes|wiki=W:|columns=7}}

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=1997 | title=Golden fields: A case for the Heptagon | journal=Mathematics Magazine | volume=70 | issue=Feb 1997 | pages=22–31 | doi=10.1080/0025570X.1997.11996494 | jstor=2691048 | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|1997}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last=Steinbach | first=Peter | year=2000 | title=Sections Beyond Golden| journal=Bridges: Mathematical Connections in Art, Music and Science | issue=2000 | pages=35-44 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2000/bridges2000-35.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Steinbach|2000}}}}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Jablan | first2=Slavik | last3=Adamson | first3=Gary | last4=Sazdanovich | first4=Radmila | year=2004 | title=Golden Fields, Generalized Fibonacci Sequences, and Chaotic Matrices | journal=Forma | volume=19 | pages=367-387 | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2005/bridges2005-369.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff, Jablan, Adamson &amp; Sazdanovich|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Kappraff | first1=Jay | last2=Adamson | first2=Gary | year=2004 | title=Polygons and Chaos | journal=Dynamical Systems and Geometric Theories | url=https://archive.bridgesmathart.org/2001/bridges2001-67.pdf | ref={{SfnRef|Kappraff &amp; Adamson|2004}} }}
* {{Cite journal | last1=Fontaine | first1=Anne | last2=Hurley | first2=Susan | year=2006 | title=Proof by Picture: Products and Reciprocals of Diagonal Length Ratios in the Regular Polygon | journal=Forum Geometricorum | volume=6 | pages=97-101 | url=https://scispace.com/pdf/proof-by-picture-products-and-reciprocals-of-diagonal-length-1aian8mgp9.pdf }}
{{Refend}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Social Victorians/Victoria/Queen's Household</title>
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      <text bytes="24331" sha1="03a6h9rrw2vyu8zete8typg5poru5nz" xml:space="preserve">= Organizations Part of Queen Victoria's Household and Guard =
Positions in the [[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria|Queen Victoria]]'s Household, according to David Cannadine,&lt;blockquote&gt;were not the great offices of state such as Lord High Constable or Earl Marshal, which were held by grandees and were largely honorary. Nor were they political appointments such as Lord Chamberlain or Lord-in-Waiting, which changed with every government. Rather, they were the full-time court offices such as Private Secretary, Keeper of the Privy Purse, Master of the Ceremonies, and Comptroller of the Household, or the more humble positions of Equerry or Lady-in-Waiting. From the 1870s onwards, the nature and importance of these offices was transformed. [[Social Victorians/People/Ponsonby|Sir Henry Ponsonby]] effectively created the post of Private Secretary to the Sovereign in its modern guise. ... The new imperial and ceremonial image of the monarchy required planning and organization on an unprecedented scale. The palaces, pictures, libraries, and archives of the sovereign needed extensive reform and restoration in the aftermath of late-Victorian neglect. The extended families of Victoria, Edward VII, and George V meant a proliferation of junior royal households which themselves needed to be staffed and administered. And the inevitable result, despite occasional attempts at economy, was an expanding royal bureaucracy. ...

Almost invariably, such positions were filled by close relatives of peers.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Cannadine, David. ''The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy''. New York: Yale University Press, 1990.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|245}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Master of the Household''': Cannadine says, &quot;[[Social Victorians/People/Newcastle|Lord Edward Pelham Clinton]] was brother of the sixth Duke of Newcastle, and was Master of the Household from 1894–1901.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;{{rp|245}}

== Attending Ladies ==
Some staff, some political appointments:
* [[Social Victorians/Victoria/Queen's Household#Mistress of the Robes|Mistress of the Robes]]
* [[Social Victorians/Victoria/Queen's Household#Lady in Waiting|Ladies in Waiting]]
* [[Social Victorians/Victoria/Queen's Household#Dresser|Dressers]]
* [[Social Victorians/Victoria/Queen's Household#Maids|Maids]]
The specific title Lady is Waiting is often reserved for attendants of women of rank who are not queens, either regnant or consort, but the term also has a general meaning, for someone of rank who is attending the queen. The Mistress of the Robes is the senior lady in waiting, and she heads the queen's women attendants, typically called Lady of the Bedchamber or Woman of the Bedchamber.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-09-26|title=Maid of honour|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maid_of_honour&amp;oldid=1313444631|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Queen Victoria's dressmakers were not necessarily employees of the crown or the family and had establishments of their own, so they are treated on the [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers|Dressmakers, Modistes, Costumiers, Perruquiers and Jewelers]] page. Of dressmakers who had their own establishment, Victoria used

* [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Bettans|Mary Bettans]], 1840, 1841, 1846
* [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Johnston|Elizabeth Johnston]], 1846
* [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Creed, House of|House of Creed]], also had Empress Eugènie as a client, and the dandy Count d'Orsay
* [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Redfern|John Redfern]], 1888, also had Alexandra, Princess of Wales and Lillie Langtry as clients

=== Attendants ===

==== Mistress of the Robes ====
Harriet, Duchess of Sutherland was Mistress of the Robes at QV's coronation and still was at her wedding. Albert wished that QV &quot;should place a greater distance between herself and them [her courtiers]. They sensed his desire that she become ‘pretty indifferent’ as to which maid-of-honour or lady-in-waiting was on duty, being on ‘more natural terms’ only with her lower servants.24 [24 Ponsonby, ed. (1927) p. 6].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mimimatthews.com/2020/09/11/madam-maam-or-miss-proper-address-for-unmarried-young-ladies/|title=Madam, Ma’am, or Miss: Proper Address for Unmarried Young Ladies|date=2020-09-11|website=Mimi Matthews|language=en|access-date=2023-12-03}} https://www.mimimatthews.com/2020/09/11/madam-maam-or-miss-proper-address-for-unmarried-young-ladies/.&lt;/ref&gt; (239 of 786; n. 24, p. 674)

The Mistress of the Robes supervised the ladies in waiting. The Mistresses of the Robes for Queen Victoria were the following:

# 1837–1841, Whig — Harriet Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland (1806–1868)&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-03-13|title=Harriet Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Sutherland-Leveson-Gower,_Duchess_of_Sutherland&amp;oldid=1343226719|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1841–1846, Conservative (appointed by Robert Peel) — Charlotte Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch and Queensberry (1811–1895)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-03-25|title=Charlotte Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Montagu_Douglas_Scott,_Duchess_of_Buccleuch&amp;oldid=1345397582|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1846–1852, Whig — the Duchess of Sutherland&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
# 1852–1853, Conservative — Anne Murray, Duchess of Atholl (1814–1897)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-01-25|title=Anne Murray, Duchess of Atholl|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anne_Murray,_Duchess_of_Atholl&amp;oldid=1334678470|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1853–1858, Whig — the Duchess of Sutherland&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
# 24 February 1858 – 11 June 1859, Prime Minister Derby — Luise, Duchess of Manchester, later Duchess of Devonshire (1832–1911)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-02-16|title=Louisa Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louisa_Cavendish,_Duchess_of_Devonshire&amp;oldid=1338614113|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1859–1861, Whig — the Duchess of Sutherland&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
# 1861–1868, Prime Ministers Palmerston, Russell, Derby and Disraeli — Elizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington (1820–1904)&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-03-22|title=Elizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Wellesley,_Duchess_of_Wellington&amp;oldid=1344799722|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1868–1870, Prime Minister Gladstone — Elizabeth Georgiana Campbell, Duchess of Argyll (1824–1878)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-11-25|title=Elizabeth Campbell, Duchess of Argyll|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Campbell,_Duchess_of_Argyll&amp;oldid=1324112779|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, daughter of Harriet, Duchess of Sutherland and an abolitionist; friends with Harriet Beecher Stowe.
# 1870–1874, Prime Minister??? — Anne Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland (1829–1888), daughter in law of Harriet, Duchess of Sutherland&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-03-31|title=Anne Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anne_Sutherland-Leveson-Gower,_Duchess_of_Sutherland&amp;oldid=1346362498|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1874–1880, Prime Minister Disraeli — Elizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
# 1880–1883, Prime Minister Gladstone — Elizabeth Russell, Duchess of Bedford (1818–1897)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-09-29|title=Elizabeth Russell, Duchess of Bedford|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Russell,_Duchess_of_Bedford&amp;oldid=1314109183|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1886
#


Worsley addresses some of the Duchess of Sutherland's duties in the late 1830s:&lt;blockquote&gt;Since her accession, Victoria had been granted a dress allowance roughly twice as large as her predecessor William IV’s, but she and Harriet thought that how they spent this public money was entirely their own affair. Harriet engaged tradespeople including dressmakers, a habitmaker, furrier, silk mercer, hosier, glover, perfumer and a specialist ‘umbrella maker’. ‘Her Majesty,’ she wrote, loftily, when the Treasury wanted to know where the money had gone, ‘does not wish to send some of the Bills (like those of the Dressmaker’s etc.) to the office.’ Abstracts only would be provided.27 [27 TNA LC 13/2, fo. 112r, an account of the expenses of the Mistress of the Robes (1839); fo. 46v, Duchess of Sutherland to the Treasury (21 December 1837)]&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; (240 of 786; n. 27, p. 674)&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==== Maid of Honor ====
Maid of Honour for the British monarchy has been an unmarried girl or young woman.&lt;ref name=&quot;:92&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-09-26|title=Maid of honour|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maid_of_honour&amp;oldid=1313444631|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maried Adeane, appointed in 1888, describes the &quot;Maid of Honour badge&quot; she got upon her appointment. Queen Victoria, she says, pinned &quot;a miniature of herself in early days, surrounded by diamonds and mounted on a ribbon bow, the same texture and colour of the Order of the Bath — on my left shoulder.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Wilson, A. N. ''Victoria: A Life''. Penguin, 2014. Apple Books:  https://books.apple.com/us/book/victoria/id828766078.&lt;/ref&gt; (836 of 1204)

* 1843, Eleanor Stanley received a Christmas present of &quot;a necklace, ‘in carbuncles and little diamonds’.61 [61 Erskine (1916) p. 155]&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Worsley, Lucy. ''Queen Victoria: Twenty-Four Days That Changed Her Life''. St. Martin's, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; (297 of 786; n. 61, p. 685)
* 1862 March 3, the Hon. Harriet Lepel Phipps was appointed Maid of Honour in Ordinary to the Queen, 3 March 1862.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-04-10|title=Harriet Phipps|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Phipps&amp;oldid=1284943936|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; When Jane Hope-Vere Loftus, Marchioness of Ely retired as Woman of the Bedchamber in 1889, Harriet Phipps replaced her.
* 1888, 24-year-old Marie Adeane was appointed Maid of Honor — &quot;the granddaughter of Lord Hardinge, a former lord-in-waiting, and the great-niece and niece of two equerries – Augustus Liddell and Alick Yorke.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; (836 of 1204)

==== Lady in Waiting ====
Ladies in Waiting were political appointees, put in place by the Prime Minister and were typically members of his party, the source of an early conflict between Victoria and Prime Minister Peel[?].

Queen Victoria's thoughtless and unkind conflict with one of her ladies in waiting, Flora Hastings, shows her immaturity and partisanship early in her reign, which did harm to her own reputation. (Hastings had a fatal tumor in her abdomen, but Victoria contributed to the spread of the rumor that the unmarried woman was pregnant.)

Here is a description of the duties and to some degree the life of a Lady in Waiting to the Queen:&lt;blockquote&gt;Like all ladies-in-waiting, Flora Hastings served on a roster for a couple of months at a time. When she was in ‘waiting’ (or on duty) her duties included helping with correspondence, handing shawls, fastening bracelets, entertaining boring guests and generally providing the duchess with company. The ladies got no time off during their ‘waiting’ and had to be constantly on hand. Flora’s bedroom was therefore near to her mistress’s own rooms, which had been completed and occupied just a few months before.&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot;&gt;Worsley, Lucy. ''Queen Victoria: Twenty-Four Days That Changed Her Life''. St. Martin's, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; (185 of 786)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Worsley says, referring to the dispute over the John Brown memoir in spring 1884&lt;blockquote&gt;The queen’s most trusted ladies-in-waiting were the unfortunate messengers often selected to convey their mistress’s rebukes. ‘We are,’ said one of them, ‘sheets of paper on which H.M. writes with words as less trouble than using her pen and we have to convey her words as a letter would do.’87 They had become accustomed to being her bearers of bad news.&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot; /&gt; (483 of 786; n. 87, p. 719: &quot;Miss Harriet Phipps quoted in Mallet (1968) p. xxiii&quot;)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ladies in Waiting:

* Jane Ely, March 1884 — &quot;Jane Ely, one of the two ladies who lived all the time with Victoria, was the chosen favourite for ticklish tasks. Jane Ely would pass on royal reprimands in a ‘mysterious whisper’.88 Now she was deployed for the task of chastening Davidson. Jane Ely herself came down from the Victoria Tower to the Deanery to ask Davidson, verbally, to withdraw his words.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot; /&gt; (483 of 786; n. 88, p. 719: &quot;Tisdall (1961) p. 77&quot;)
* Horatia Stopford, 1884 — &quot;In the gap between Deans before Davidson’s arrival at Windsor, wrote lady-in-waiting Horatia Stopford, ‘the Queen had literally no one whom she ever spoke’ to about personal matters. As well as befriending the queen, Davidson had quickly learned the ways of the wider castle, and built up valuable allies among the female staff. He knew, as one of the ladies-in-waiting put it, ‘everything from the shape of the kitchen-maids’ new caps to some of the deepest padlocks of my soul!’81&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot; /&gt; (481 of 786; n. 81, p. 718: &quot;Bell (1935) vol. 1, pp. 82, 81&quot;)

==== Lady or Woman of the Bedchamber ====
A Lady of the Bedchamber outranks a Woman of the Bedchamber but is not her supervisor. The position of Lady of the Bedchamber is held by the wife of a peer, sometimes said to be at the level of Earl or above. The position of Woman of the Bedchamber is typically the daughter of a peer. The list of [[wikipedia:Lady_of_the_Bedchamber#Victoria,_1837%E2%80%931901|Queen Victoria's Ladies of the Bedchamber]] is long, as many served just a year or so.

* Lady Augusta Bruce was a lady in waiting to QV's mother, the Duchess of Kent, until her death in 1861.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-10-20|title=Lady Augusta Stanley|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lady_Augusta_Stanley&amp;oldid=1317797088|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She married Arthur P. Stanley, Dean of Westminster Abbey, in December 1863, and then was appointed &quot;extra woman of the bedchamber&quot; to QV and was present at the time of Albert's death.&lt;ref name=&quot;:83&quot;&gt;Worsley, Lucy. ''Queen Victoria: Twenty-Four Days That Changed Her Life''. St. Martin's, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; (403)
* Jane Hope-Vere Loftus, Marchioness of Ely (3 December 1821 – 11 June 1890), appointed Lady of the Queen's bedchamber on 15 July 1851 and resigned in 1889.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-04-13|title=Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane_Loftus,_Marchioness_of_Ely&amp;oldid=1285397622|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The relationship between QV and her was &quot;intimate.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;
* The Hon. Harriet Lepel Phipps was appointed Woman of the Bedchamber in 1889, when Jane Hope-Vere Loftus, Marchioness of Ely retired.&lt;ref name=&quot;:102&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-04-10|title=Harriet Phipps|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Phipps&amp;oldid=1284943936|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Marie Mallet: &quot;The queen’s most trusted courtiers understood that she respected them for the occasional intransigence. ‘If I lacked all moral courage,’ wrote Marie Mallet, one of her particularly favoured women-of-the-bedchamber, ‘the Queen would be the first to despise me.’75&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:83&quot; /&gt; (480 of 786; n. 75, p. 718: &quot;Mallet (1968) p. 159&quot;)

=== Servants ===
In 1883, at the death of John Brown, 3 servants appear in the book QV wrote about Brown, 2 valets for Albert and this one for QV:

* Nestor Tirard (&quot;the Queen’s hairdresser&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; (470))

==== Dresser ====
(Dressers and maids were actual servants rather than attending aristocrats, in waiting)

Christmas 1850: &quot;The queen’s dressers, for example, received something like a ‘necéssaire’, a little leather case containing thimble, scissors and bodkin.62 [62 Stoney and Weltzien, eds. (1994) colour plate section following p. 80&lt;u&gt;]&lt;/u&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:85&quot;&gt;Worsley, Lucy. ''Queen Victoria: Twenty-Four Days That Changed Her Life''. St. Martin's, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; (297 of 786; n. 62, p. 686)

Worsley says, in describing QV's trips to to Cimiez, near Nice, on the Mediterranean:&lt;blockquote&gt;Victoria’s clothes were handled by the dressers, who were better paid than the maids. Their duties, ran Victoria’s instructions, included ‘scrupulous tidiness and exactness in looking over everything that Her Majesty takes [510–511] off ... [sic] to think over well everything that is wanted or may be wanted'.14 Her black silk stockings had for decades been woven by one John Meakin, while Anne Birkin embroidered the garments with 'VR'.15 Victoria grew fond of faithful servants like Anne, and even had Birkin's portrait among her collection of photographs.&lt;ref name=&quot;:85&quot; /&gt; (510–511 of 786; nn. 14, 15, p. 723: 14: &quot;Staniland (1977) p. 186&quot;; 15: &quot;Quoted in King (2007) p. 100&quot;)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Dressers

* 1861 December 14, after Alfred died: Annie Macdonald, &quot;a witness to so much of the queen's private life.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:85&quot; /&gt; (403) Annie Macdonald is quoted in Tisdall (1961), p. 50, and Erskine, ed. (1916), pp. 388–89.&lt;ref name=&quot;:85&quot; /&gt; (705) Annie Macdonald took part in the conflict over Abdul Karim between QV and Dr. Reid: &quot;Also present in the room during this epic row was Victoria’s long-time dresser, Annie Macdonald. ‘Your Majesty sits there,’ Macdonald said, ‘and hears nothing of what is being said. No one tells you the truth about this.’64&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:85&quot; /&gt; (527 of 786; n. 64, p. 726: &quot;James Reid’s diary quoted in Hubbard (2012) p. 325&quot;)
* Anne Birkin

==== Maids ====
Jane Ridley was the first to point out that the names of QV's intimate servants are missing in Beatrice's edited transcription of QV's journals. Worsley says,&lt;blockquote&gt;When Victoria’s daughter Beatrice came to transcribe her journals, destroying many of the originals as she went, she often missed out the names of [465–466] servants, thinking it improper or unnecessary to include them. For example, Victoria’s original entry for 9 August 1845 mentions by a mixture of surnames and forenames her maids Singer, Peneyvre, Rebecca, Dehler, Skerrett and Margaret. These were people the queen knew well. She was more truly intimate with them than with her upper courtiers or members of her extended royal network. Beatrice, though, brutally summarises them all in her version of the journal as just ‘the maids’.&lt;/blockquote&gt;QV describes Albert at Osborne sometimes criticizing the maids:&lt;blockquote&gt;As she and Albert passed the time ‘talking over the company’, Victoria also gives details of how her ‘maids would come in and begin to undress me – and he would go on talking, and would make his observations on my jewels and ornaments and give my people good advice as to how to keep them or would occasionally reprimand if anything had not been carefully attended to’.50 [n. 50. “RA VIC/MAIN/RA/491 (January 1861)”]&lt;ref name=&quot;:86&quot;&gt;Worsley, Lucy. ''Queen Victoria: Twenty-Four Days That Changed Her Life''. St. Martin's, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; (372; n, 50, p. 690)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Maids as of 9 August 1845 (Beatrice's list, mixing forenames and surnames)&lt;ref name=&quot;:86&quot; /&gt; (466):

* Singer
* Peneyvre
* Rebecca
* Dehler
* Skerrett
* Margaret

Maids at the time of Albert's death:

* Sophie Weiss&lt;ref name=&quot;:86&quot; /&gt; (403)
* Emilie Dittweiler&lt;ref name=&quot;:86&quot; /&gt;(403)
* Mary Andrews&lt;ref name=&quot;:86&quot; /&gt; (403)

== Officers Appointed by Lord Chamberlain's Warrant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317153739/http://www.history.ac.uk/office/vic.html|title=Office-Holders: Household of Queen Victoria|date=2007-03-17|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2020-12-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==

=== Gentlemen Ushers ===

==== Gentlemen Ushers Daily Waiters ====

# 1837 January 10, W. Martins
# 1840 June 12, H. W. des Voeux
# 1859 February 1, Hon. S. C. B. Ponsonby
# 1860 September 10, E. H. Anson
# 1874 June 13, C. E. Phipps
# 1876 October 1, A. Macgregor
# 1877 March 17, Sir W. T. Knollys
# 1883 June 28, Hon. Sir J. R. Drummond
# 1895 December 16, Sir M. A. S. Biddulph
# 1899 November 14, Hon. C. G. C. Eliot

==== Assistant Gentleman Usher Daily Waiter ====

# 1831 October 6, Sir A. C. Duff Gordon
# 1872 November 10, F. Campbell

==== Extra Gentlemen Usher Daily Waiter ====

# 1850 January 29, W. Taylor
# 1855 April 5, N. H. Macdonald
# 1857 December 9, Hon. S. C. B. Ponsonby
# 1892 July 13, Hon. A. N. Hood

==== Gentlemen Ushers Quarterly Waiters ====

# 1833 April 23, H. W. Greville
# 1833 May 20, J. G. Green
# 1836 October 31, Hon. W. L. L. Fitzgerald de Ros
# 1837 January 10, C. Diggle
# 1838 11 June, A. Montgomery
# 1839 June 7, E. Hobhouse
# 1844 December 27, Hon. M. Sackville West
# 1852 March 20, W. Taylor
# 1852 July 19, H. S. Stephens
# 1854 February 24, R. T. Bedford
# 1854 May 25, G. C. E. A. R. Howard Vyse
# 1862 June 20, W. Ross
# 1862 October 27, C. G. Nelson
# 1868 March 13, F. Knollys
# 1873 March 19, R. G. H. Somerset
# 1874 February 2, C. Wylde
# 1878 August 29, A. J. Loftus
# 1883 April 23, Hon. H. J. Stonor
# 1884 January 22, Hon. A. FitzClarence
# 1890 June 6, C. J. Innes Ker
# 1892 April 30, [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|A. Collins]]
# 1895 May 18, B. Taylor
# 1896 April 15, Hon. A. Hay
# 1899 November 14, W. F. Tufnell

==== '''Extra Gentleman Usher Quarterly Waiter''' ====

# 1899 January 1, W. F. Tufnell

==== '''Gentlemen Ushers of Privy Chamber''' ====

# 1834 March 12, Sir. J. M. F. Smith
# 1868 November 21, A. E. West
# 1871 June 14, H. D. Erskine
# 1874 December 3, L. Cust
# 1875 March 26, W. J. Stopford
# 1878 March 21, C. F. C. Seymour
# 1885 June 13, Hon. W. Bagot
# 1887 April 20, C. Larking
# 1888 May 7, H. C. G. West

=== Grooms ===

===== '''Grooms of Privy Chamber''' =====

# 1836 May 6, A. J. Blackwood
# 1839 November 1, S. H. Paget
# 1840 March 3, T. N. Harris
# 1852 March 20, Hon. M. Sackville West
# 1852 July 19, S. Randall
# 18599 February 16, J. H. Purves
# 1860 March 31, J. F. Campbell
# 1862 October 2, E. S. Claremont
# 1867 July 3, Hon. R. B. W. Noel
# 1871 January 14, Hon. C. G. C. Eliot
# 1874 January 8, J. Bontein
# 1874 February 16, N. G. Philips
# 1884 November 1, A. Royle
# 1890 July 25, M. Drummond
# 1893 October 1, Hon. O. F. S. Cuffe
# 1899 November 14, Sir F. Knollys

=== '''Sergeants at Arms''' ===

# 1832 January 21, H. Worrall
# 1846 August 16, Hon. S. Lyttelton
# 1847 January 8, H. S. Stephens
# 1851 June 18, Sir A. Campbell
# 1853 June 1, N. Macleod
# 1854 May 25, Sir J. M. Doyle
# 1855 July 27, J. Alves
# 1856 September 16, J. R. Woodriff
# 1860 October 2, T. C. March
# 1868 February 15, A. Balliston
# 1868 April 17, E. K. S. Macleod
# 1869 July 17, T. G. Hertslet
# 1873 May 7, Hon. D. J. Monson
# 1878 July 23, J. A. C. Gore
# 1880 April 27, R. J. F. Edgcumbe
# 1881 March 5, F. Macbean
# 1895 March 1, E. H. Anson
# 1895 August 26, W. B. Goldsmith
# 1898 June 15, R. R. Holmes
# 1898 June 25, E. Martin
# 1900 December 1, E. B. Towse

== Royal Horse Guard ==
Numbers on a table in the article on the Royal Horse Guards in ''Wikipedia'', which does not have an appropriate citation, says that on 1 July 1897, the Royal Horse Guard had 406 members and the Total Household had 1,234.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2021-10-11|title=Royal Horse Guards|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Horse_Guards&amp;oldid=1049325923|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Horse_Guards.&lt;/ref&gt; The total number of the Royal Horse Guards may have been 60–70 less because some were under-aged or trainees.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The regiment was called The Blues beginning in 1877.

* Commanding Officer:
* Colonel-in-Chief: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Colonel&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
** 1869–1885: Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn
** 1885–1895: Sir Patrick Grant
** 1895–1907: Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Social Victorians]]</text>
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      <text bytes="24327" sha1="4o4indndbd1ogfpum2o2rw1pi3vfxna" xml:space="preserve">= Organizations Part of Queen Victoria's Household and Guard =
Positions in [[Social Victorians/People/Queen Victoria|Queen Victoria]]'s Household, according to David Cannadine,&lt;blockquote&gt;were not the great offices of state such as Lord High Constable or Earl Marshal, which were held by grandees and were largely honorary. Nor were they political appointments such as Lord Chamberlain or Lord-in-Waiting, which changed with every government. Rather, they were the full-time court offices such as Private Secretary, Keeper of the Privy Purse, Master of the Ceremonies, and Comptroller of the Household, or the more humble positions of Equerry or Lady-in-Waiting. From the 1870s onwards, the nature and importance of these offices was transformed. [[Social Victorians/People/Ponsonby|Sir Henry Ponsonby]] effectively created the post of Private Secretary to the Sovereign in its modern guise. ... The new imperial and ceremonial image of the monarchy required planning and organization on an unprecedented scale. The palaces, pictures, libraries, and archives of the sovereign needed extensive reform and restoration in the aftermath of late-Victorian neglect. The extended families of Victoria, Edward VII, and George V meant a proliferation of junior royal households which themselves needed to be staffed and administered. And the inevitable result, despite occasional attempts at economy, was an expanding royal bureaucracy. ...

Almost invariably, such positions were filled by close relatives of peers.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Cannadine, David. ''The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy''. New York: Yale University Press, 1990.&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|245}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Master of the Household''': Cannadine says, &quot;[[Social Victorians/People/Newcastle|Lord Edward Pelham Clinton]] was brother of the sixth Duke of Newcastle, and was Master of the Household from 1894–1901.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;{{rp|245}}

== Attending Ladies ==
Some staff, some political appointments:
* [[Social Victorians/Victoria/Queen's Household#Mistress of the Robes|Mistress of the Robes]]
* [[Social Victorians/Victoria/Queen's Household#Lady in Waiting|Ladies in Waiting]]
* [[Social Victorians/Victoria/Queen's Household#Dresser|Dressers]]
* [[Social Victorians/Victoria/Queen's Household#Maids|Maids]]
The specific title Lady is Waiting is often reserved for attendants of women of rank who are not queens, either regnant or consort, but the term also has a general meaning, for someone of rank who is attending the queen. The Mistress of the Robes is the senior lady in waiting, and she heads the queen's women attendants, typically called Lady of the Bedchamber or Woman of the Bedchamber.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-09-26|title=Maid of honour|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maid_of_honour&amp;oldid=1313444631|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Queen Victoria's dressmakers were not necessarily employees of the crown or the family and had establishments of their own, so they are treated on the [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers|Dressmakers, Modistes, Costumiers, Perruquiers and Jewelers]] page. Of dressmakers who had their own establishment, Victoria used

* [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Bettans|Mary Bettans]], 1840, 1841, 1846
* [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Johnston|Elizabeth Johnston]], 1846
* [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Creed, House of|House of Creed]], also had Empress Eugènie as a client, and the dandy Count d'Orsay
* [[Social Victorians/People/Dressmakers and Costumiers#Redfern|John Redfern]], 1888, also had Alexandra, Princess of Wales and Lillie Langtry as clients

=== Attendants ===

==== Mistress of the Robes ====
Harriet, Duchess of Sutherland was Mistress of the Robes at QV's coronation and still was at her wedding. Albert wished that QV &quot;should place a greater distance between herself and them [her courtiers]. They sensed his desire that she become ‘pretty indifferent’ as to which maid-of-honour or lady-in-waiting was on duty, being on ‘more natural terms’ only with her lower servants.24 [24 Ponsonby, ed. (1927) p. 6].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mimimatthews.com/2020/09/11/madam-maam-or-miss-proper-address-for-unmarried-young-ladies/|title=Madam, Ma’am, or Miss: Proper Address for Unmarried Young Ladies|date=2020-09-11|website=Mimi Matthews|language=en|access-date=2023-12-03}} https://www.mimimatthews.com/2020/09/11/madam-maam-or-miss-proper-address-for-unmarried-young-ladies/.&lt;/ref&gt; (239 of 786; n. 24, p. 674)

The Mistress of the Robes supervised the ladies in waiting. The Mistresses of the Robes for Queen Victoria were the following:

# 1837–1841, Whig — Harriet Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland (1806–1868)&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-03-13|title=Harriet Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Sutherland-Leveson-Gower,_Duchess_of_Sutherland&amp;oldid=1343226719|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1841–1846, Conservative (appointed by Robert Peel) — Charlotte Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch and Queensberry (1811–1895)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-03-25|title=Charlotte Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlotte_Montagu_Douglas_Scott,_Duchess_of_Buccleuch&amp;oldid=1345397582|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1846–1852, Whig — the Duchess of Sutherland&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
# 1852–1853, Conservative — Anne Murray, Duchess of Atholl (1814–1897)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-01-25|title=Anne Murray, Duchess of Atholl|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anne_Murray,_Duchess_of_Atholl&amp;oldid=1334678470|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1853–1858, Whig — the Duchess of Sutherland&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
# 24 February 1858 – 11 June 1859, Prime Minister Derby — Luise, Duchess of Manchester, later Duchess of Devonshire (1832–1911)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-02-16|title=Louisa Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louisa_Cavendish,_Duchess_of_Devonshire&amp;oldid=1338614113|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1859–1861, Whig — the Duchess of Sutherland&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
# 1861–1868, Prime Ministers Palmerston, Russell, Derby and Disraeli — Elizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington (1820–1904)&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-03-22|title=Elizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Wellesley,_Duchess_of_Wellington&amp;oldid=1344799722|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1868–1870, Prime Minister Gladstone — Elizabeth Georgiana Campbell, Duchess of Argyll (1824–1878)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-11-25|title=Elizabeth Campbell, Duchess of Argyll|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Campbell,_Duchess_of_Argyll&amp;oldid=1324112779|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;, daughter of Harriet, Duchess of Sutherland and an abolitionist; friends with Harriet Beecher Stowe.
# 1870–1874, Prime Minister??? — Anne Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland (1829–1888), daughter in law of Harriet, Duchess of Sutherland&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2026-03-31|title=Anne Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anne_Sutherland-Leveson-Gower,_Duchess_of_Sutherland&amp;oldid=1346362498|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1874–1880, Prime Minister Disraeli — Elizabeth Wellesley, Duchess of Wellington&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
# 1880–1883, Prime Minister Gladstone — Elizabeth Russell, Duchess of Bedford (1818–1897)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-09-29|title=Elizabeth Russell, Duchess of Bedford|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Russell,_Duchess_of_Bedford&amp;oldid=1314109183|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
# 1886
#


Worsley addresses some of the Duchess of Sutherland's duties in the late 1830s:&lt;blockquote&gt;Since her accession, Victoria had been granted a dress allowance roughly twice as large as her predecessor William IV’s, but she and Harriet thought that how they spent this public money was entirely their own affair. Harriet engaged tradespeople including dressmakers, a habitmaker, furrier, silk mercer, hosier, glover, perfumer and a specialist ‘umbrella maker’. ‘Her Majesty,’ she wrote, loftily, when the Treasury wanted to know where the money had gone, ‘does not wish to send some of the Bills (like those of the Dressmaker’s etc.) to the office.’ Abstracts only would be provided.27 [27 TNA LC 13/2, fo. 112r, an account of the expenses of the Mistress of the Robes (1839); fo. 46v, Duchess of Sutherland to the Treasury (21 December 1837)]&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; (240 of 786; n. 27, p. 674)&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==== Maid of Honor ====
Maid of Honour for the British monarchy has been an unmarried girl or young woman.&lt;ref name=&quot;:92&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-09-26|title=Maid of honour|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maid_of_honour&amp;oldid=1313444631|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maried Adeane, appointed in 1888, describes the &quot;Maid of Honour badge&quot; she got upon her appointment. Queen Victoria, she says, pinned &quot;a miniature of herself in early days, surrounded by diamonds and mounted on a ribbon bow, the same texture and colour of the Order of the Bath — on my left shoulder.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Wilson, A. N. ''Victoria: A Life''. Penguin, 2014. Apple Books:  https://books.apple.com/us/book/victoria/id828766078.&lt;/ref&gt; (836 of 1204)

* 1843, Eleanor Stanley received a Christmas present of &quot;a necklace, ‘in carbuncles and little diamonds’.61 [61 Erskine (1916) p. 155]&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Worsley, Lucy. ''Queen Victoria: Twenty-Four Days That Changed Her Life''. St. Martin's, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; (297 of 786; n. 61, p. 685)
* 1862 March 3, the Hon. Harriet Lepel Phipps was appointed Maid of Honour in Ordinary to the Queen, 3 March 1862.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-04-10|title=Harriet Phipps|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Phipps&amp;oldid=1284943936|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; When Jane Hope-Vere Loftus, Marchioness of Ely retired as Woman of the Bedchamber in 1889, Harriet Phipps replaced her.
* 1888, 24-year-old Marie Adeane was appointed Maid of Honor — &quot;the granddaughter of Lord Hardinge, a former lord-in-waiting, and the great-niece and niece of two equerries – Augustus Liddell and Alick Yorke.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; (836 of 1204)

==== Lady in Waiting ====
Ladies in Waiting were political appointees, put in place by the Prime Minister and were typically members of his party, the source of an early conflict between Victoria and Prime Minister Peel[?].

Queen Victoria's thoughtless and unkind conflict with one of her ladies in waiting, Flora Hastings, shows her immaturity and partisanship early in her reign, which did harm to her own reputation. (Hastings had a fatal tumor in her abdomen, but Victoria contributed to the spread of the rumor that the unmarried woman was pregnant.)

Here is a description of the duties and to some degree the life of a Lady in Waiting to the Queen:&lt;blockquote&gt;Like all ladies-in-waiting, Flora Hastings served on a roster for a couple of months at a time. When she was in ‘waiting’ (or on duty) her duties included helping with correspondence, handing shawls, fastening bracelets, entertaining boring guests and generally providing the duchess with company. The ladies got no time off during their ‘waiting’ and had to be constantly on hand. Flora’s bedroom was therefore near to her mistress’s own rooms, which had been completed and occupied just a few months before.&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot;&gt;Worsley, Lucy. ''Queen Victoria: Twenty-Four Days That Changed Her Life''. St. Martin's, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; (185 of 786)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Worsley says, referring to the dispute over the John Brown memoir in spring 1884&lt;blockquote&gt;The queen’s most trusted ladies-in-waiting were the unfortunate messengers often selected to convey their mistress’s rebukes. ‘We are,’ said one of them, ‘sheets of paper on which H.M. writes with words as less trouble than using her pen and we have to convey her words as a letter would do.’87 They had become accustomed to being her bearers of bad news.&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot; /&gt; (483 of 786; n. 87, p. 719: &quot;Miss Harriet Phipps quoted in Mallet (1968) p. xxiii&quot;)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ladies in Waiting:

* Jane Ely, March 1884 — &quot;Jane Ely, one of the two ladies who lived all the time with Victoria, was the chosen favourite for ticklish tasks. Jane Ely would pass on royal reprimands in a ‘mysterious whisper’.88 Now she was deployed for the task of chastening Davidson. Jane Ely herself came down from the Victoria Tower to the Deanery to ask Davidson, verbally, to withdraw his words.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot; /&gt; (483 of 786; n. 88, p. 719: &quot;Tisdall (1961) p. 77&quot;)
* Horatia Stopford, 1884 — &quot;In the gap between Deans before Davidson’s arrival at Windsor, wrote lady-in-waiting Horatia Stopford, ‘the Queen had literally no one whom she ever spoke’ to about personal matters. As well as befriending the queen, Davidson had quickly learned the ways of the wider castle, and built up valuable allies among the female staff. He knew, as one of the ladies-in-waiting put it, ‘everything from the shape of the kitchen-maids’ new caps to some of the deepest padlocks of my soul!’81&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:82&quot; /&gt; (481 of 786; n. 81, p. 718: &quot;Bell (1935) vol. 1, pp. 82, 81&quot;)

==== Lady or Woman of the Bedchamber ====
A Lady of the Bedchamber outranks a Woman of the Bedchamber but is not her supervisor. The position of Lady of the Bedchamber is held by the wife of a peer, sometimes said to be at the level of Earl or above. The position of Woman of the Bedchamber is typically the daughter of a peer. The list of [[wikipedia:Lady_of_the_Bedchamber#Victoria,_1837%E2%80%931901|Queen Victoria's Ladies of the Bedchamber]] is long, as many served just a year or so.

* Lady Augusta Bruce was a lady in waiting to QV's mother, the Duchess of Kent, until her death in 1861.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-10-20|title=Lady Augusta Stanley|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lady_Augusta_Stanley&amp;oldid=1317797088|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She married Arthur P. Stanley, Dean of Westminster Abbey, in December 1863, and then was appointed &quot;extra woman of the bedchamber&quot; to QV and was present at the time of Albert's death.&lt;ref name=&quot;:83&quot;&gt;Worsley, Lucy. ''Queen Victoria: Twenty-Four Days That Changed Her Life''. St. Martin's, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; (403)
* Jane Hope-Vere Loftus, Marchioness of Ely (3 December 1821 – 11 June 1890), appointed Lady of the Queen's bedchamber on 15 July 1851 and resigned in 1889.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-04-13|title=Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jane_Loftus,_Marchioness_of_Ely&amp;oldid=1285397622|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The relationship between QV and her was &quot;intimate.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;
* The Hon. Harriet Lepel Phipps was appointed Woman of the Bedchamber in 1889, when Jane Hope-Vere Loftus, Marchioness of Ely retired.&lt;ref name=&quot;:102&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2025-04-10|title=Harriet Phipps|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Phipps&amp;oldid=1284943936|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Marie Mallet: &quot;The queen’s most trusted courtiers understood that she respected them for the occasional intransigence. ‘If I lacked all moral courage,’ wrote Marie Mallet, one of her particularly favoured women-of-the-bedchamber, ‘the Queen would be the first to despise me.’75&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:83&quot; /&gt; (480 of 786; n. 75, p. 718: &quot;Mallet (1968) p. 159&quot;)

=== Servants ===
In 1883, at the death of John Brown, 3 servants appear in the book QV wrote about Brown, 2 valets for Albert and this one for QV:

* Nestor Tirard (&quot;the Queen’s hairdresser&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; (470))

==== Dresser ====
(Dressers and maids were actual servants rather than attending aristocrats, in waiting)

Christmas 1850: &quot;The queen’s dressers, for example, received something like a ‘necéssaire’, a little leather case containing thimble, scissors and bodkin.62 [62 Stoney and Weltzien, eds. (1994) colour plate section following p. 80&lt;u&gt;]&lt;/u&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:85&quot;&gt;Worsley, Lucy. ''Queen Victoria: Twenty-Four Days That Changed Her Life''. St. Martin's, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; (297 of 786; n. 62, p. 686)

Worsley says, in describing QV's trips to to Cimiez, near Nice, on the Mediterranean:&lt;blockquote&gt;Victoria’s clothes were handled by the dressers, who were better paid than the maids. Their duties, ran Victoria’s instructions, included ‘scrupulous tidiness and exactness in looking over everything that Her Majesty takes [510–511] off ... [sic] to think over well everything that is wanted or may be wanted'.14 Her black silk stockings had for decades been woven by one John Meakin, while Anne Birkin embroidered the garments with 'VR'.15 Victoria grew fond of faithful servants like Anne, and even had Birkin's portrait among her collection of photographs.&lt;ref name=&quot;:85&quot; /&gt; (510–511 of 786; nn. 14, 15, p. 723: 14: &quot;Staniland (1977) p. 186&quot;; 15: &quot;Quoted in King (2007) p. 100&quot;)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Dressers

* 1861 December 14, after Alfred died: Annie Macdonald, &quot;a witness to so much of the queen's private life.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:85&quot; /&gt; (403) Annie Macdonald is quoted in Tisdall (1961), p. 50, and Erskine, ed. (1916), pp. 388–89.&lt;ref name=&quot;:85&quot; /&gt; (705) Annie Macdonald took part in the conflict over Abdul Karim between QV and Dr. Reid: &quot;Also present in the room during this epic row was Victoria’s long-time dresser, Annie Macdonald. ‘Your Majesty sits there,’ Macdonald said, ‘and hears nothing of what is being said. No one tells you the truth about this.’64&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:85&quot; /&gt; (527 of 786; n. 64, p. 726: &quot;James Reid’s diary quoted in Hubbard (2012) p. 325&quot;)
* Anne Birkin

==== Maids ====
Jane Ridley was the first to point out that the names of QV's intimate servants are missing in Beatrice's edited transcription of QV's journals. Worsley says,&lt;blockquote&gt;When Victoria’s daughter Beatrice came to transcribe her journals, destroying many of the originals as she went, she often missed out the names of [465–466] servants, thinking it improper or unnecessary to include them. For example, Victoria’s original entry for 9 August 1845 mentions by a mixture of surnames and forenames her maids Singer, Peneyvre, Rebecca, Dehler, Skerrett and Margaret. These were people the queen knew well. She was more truly intimate with them than with her upper courtiers or members of her extended royal network. Beatrice, though, brutally summarises them all in her version of the journal as just ‘the maids’.&lt;/blockquote&gt;QV describes Albert at Osborne sometimes criticizing the maids:&lt;blockquote&gt;As she and Albert passed the time ‘talking over the company’, Victoria also gives details of how her ‘maids would come in and begin to undress me – and he would go on talking, and would make his observations on my jewels and ornaments and give my people good advice as to how to keep them or would occasionally reprimand if anything had not been carefully attended to’.50 [n. 50. “RA VIC/MAIN/RA/491 (January 1861)”]&lt;ref name=&quot;:86&quot;&gt;Worsley, Lucy. ''Queen Victoria: Twenty-Four Days That Changed Her Life''. St. Martin's, 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; (372; n, 50, p. 690)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Maids as of 9 August 1845 (Beatrice's list, mixing forenames and surnames)&lt;ref name=&quot;:86&quot; /&gt; (466):

* Singer
* Peneyvre
* Rebecca
* Dehler
* Skerrett
* Margaret

Maids at the time of Albert's death:

* Sophie Weiss&lt;ref name=&quot;:86&quot; /&gt; (403)
* Emilie Dittweiler&lt;ref name=&quot;:86&quot; /&gt;(403)
* Mary Andrews&lt;ref name=&quot;:86&quot; /&gt; (403)

== Officers Appointed by Lord Chamberlain's Warrant&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317153739/http://www.history.ac.uk/office/vic.html|title=Office-Holders: Household of Queen Victoria|date=2007-03-17|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2020-12-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; ==

=== Gentlemen Ushers ===

==== Gentlemen Ushers Daily Waiters ====

# 1837 January 10, W. Martins
# 1840 June 12, H. W. des Voeux
# 1859 February 1, Hon. S. C. B. Ponsonby
# 1860 September 10, E. H. Anson
# 1874 June 13, C. E. Phipps
# 1876 October 1, A. Macgregor
# 1877 March 17, Sir W. T. Knollys
# 1883 June 28, Hon. Sir J. R. Drummond
# 1895 December 16, Sir M. A. S. Biddulph
# 1899 November 14, Hon. C. G. C. Eliot

==== Assistant Gentleman Usher Daily Waiter ====

# 1831 October 6, Sir A. C. Duff Gordon
# 1872 November 10, F. Campbell

==== Extra Gentlemen Usher Daily Waiter ====

# 1850 January 29, W. Taylor
# 1855 April 5, N. H. Macdonald
# 1857 December 9, Hon. S. C. B. Ponsonby
# 1892 July 13, Hon. A. N. Hood

==== Gentlemen Ushers Quarterly Waiters ====

# 1833 April 23, H. W. Greville
# 1833 May 20, J. G. Green
# 1836 October 31, Hon. W. L. L. Fitzgerald de Ros
# 1837 January 10, C. Diggle
# 1838 11 June, A. Montgomery
# 1839 June 7, E. Hobhouse
# 1844 December 27, Hon. M. Sackville West
# 1852 March 20, W. Taylor
# 1852 July 19, H. S. Stephens
# 1854 February 24, R. T. Bedford
# 1854 May 25, G. C. E. A. R. Howard Vyse
# 1862 June 20, W. Ross
# 1862 October 27, C. G. Nelson
# 1868 March 13, F. Knollys
# 1873 March 19, R. G. H. Somerset
# 1874 February 2, C. Wylde
# 1878 August 29, A. J. Loftus
# 1883 April 23, Hon. H. J. Stonor
# 1884 January 22, Hon. A. FitzClarence
# 1890 June 6, C. J. Innes Ker
# 1892 April 30, [[Social Victorians/People/Arthur Collins|A. Collins]]
# 1895 May 18, B. Taylor
# 1896 April 15, Hon. A. Hay
# 1899 November 14, W. F. Tufnell

==== '''Extra Gentleman Usher Quarterly Waiter''' ====

# 1899 January 1, W. F. Tufnell

==== '''Gentlemen Ushers of Privy Chamber''' ====

# 1834 March 12, Sir. J. M. F. Smith
# 1868 November 21, A. E. West
# 1871 June 14, H. D. Erskine
# 1874 December 3, L. Cust
# 1875 March 26, W. J. Stopford
# 1878 March 21, C. F. C. Seymour
# 1885 June 13, Hon. W. Bagot
# 1887 April 20, C. Larking
# 1888 May 7, H. C. G. West

=== Grooms ===

===== '''Grooms of Privy Chamber''' =====

# 1836 May 6, A. J. Blackwood
# 1839 November 1, S. H. Paget
# 1840 March 3, T. N. Harris
# 1852 March 20, Hon. M. Sackville West
# 1852 July 19, S. Randall
# 18599 February 16, J. H. Purves
# 1860 March 31, J. F. Campbell
# 1862 October 2, E. S. Claremont
# 1867 July 3, Hon. R. B. W. Noel
# 1871 January 14, Hon. C. G. C. Eliot
# 1874 January 8, J. Bontein
# 1874 February 16, N. G. Philips
# 1884 November 1, A. Royle
# 1890 July 25, M. Drummond
# 1893 October 1, Hon. O. F. S. Cuffe
# 1899 November 14, Sir F. Knollys

=== '''Sergeants at Arms''' ===

# 1832 January 21, H. Worrall
# 1846 August 16, Hon. S. Lyttelton
# 1847 January 8, H. S. Stephens
# 1851 June 18, Sir A. Campbell
# 1853 June 1, N. Macleod
# 1854 May 25, Sir J. M. Doyle
# 1855 July 27, J. Alves
# 1856 September 16, J. R. Woodriff
# 1860 October 2, T. C. March
# 1868 February 15, A. Balliston
# 1868 April 17, E. K. S. Macleod
# 1869 July 17, T. G. Hertslet
# 1873 May 7, Hon. D. J. Monson
# 1878 July 23, J. A. C. Gore
# 1880 April 27, R. J. F. Edgcumbe
# 1881 March 5, F. Macbean
# 1895 March 1, E. H. Anson
# 1895 August 26, W. B. Goldsmith
# 1898 June 15, R. R. Holmes
# 1898 June 25, E. Martin
# 1900 December 1, E. B. Towse

== Royal Horse Guard ==
Numbers on a table in the article on the Royal Horse Guards in ''Wikipedia'', which does not have an appropriate citation, says that on 1 July 1897, the Royal Horse Guard had 406 members and the Total Household had 1,234.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2021-10-11|title=Royal Horse Guards|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Horse_Guards&amp;oldid=1049325923|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}} https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Horse_Guards.&lt;/ref&gt; The total number of the Royal Horse Guards may have been 60–70 less because some were under-aged or trainees.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The regiment was called The Blues beginning in 1877.

* Commanding Officer:
* Colonel-in-Chief: Albert Edward, Prince of Wales&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Colonel&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
** 1869–1885: Hugh Rose, 1st Baron Strathnairn
** 1885–1895: Sir Patrick Grant
** 1895–1907: Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Social Victorians]]</text>
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    <title>Karl Marx/Capital1/Part4</title>
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      <text bytes="17461" sha1="c9oh6zb98i3d4m63wz0r2undlpyb0o3" xml:space="preserve">This is a resource about the fourth part of the [[Karl Marx/Capital1|first volume of ''Capital'']] by [[Karl Marx]], entitled &quot;'''The Production of Relative Surplus-Value'''&quot;.

This part holds four chapters:
* Chapter 12: The Concept of Relative Surplus-Value
* Chapter 13: Co-operation
* Chapter 14: The Division of Labour and Manufacture
* Chapter 15: Machinery and Large-Scale Industry

In the previous part, on the production of absolute surplus value, we have seen the importance of the (length of the) working day in defining (and enlarging) the amount of surplus value. In this chapter Marx delves deeper into the second method of acquiring surplus value: by changing the productivity of the labour process.

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| style=&quot;background-color: #ccc; border: 1px solid #777&quot; | {{center top}}&lt;small&gt;[[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part5|''Capital 1,'' Part 5]] [[Image:Crystal Clear action 1downarrow.png|24px|link=[[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part5]]]]&lt;/small&gt;{{center bottom}}
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| style=&quot;background-color: #999; border: 1px solid #333&quot; | {{center top}}&lt;small&gt;[[Karl Marx/Critique of Political Economy|Karl Marx's Political Economy]] [[Image:Crystal Clear action 2uparrow.png|24px|link=[[Karl Marx/Critique of Political Economy]]]][[Image:Crystal Clear action 2uparrow.png|24px|link=[[Karl Marx/Critique of Political Economy]]]]&lt;/small&gt;{{center bottom}}
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== Chapter 12: The Concept of Relative Surplus-Value ==
Marx returns to the simple diagram of [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part3#Chapter 10: The Working Day|chapter 10]]:{{Right|A---------------B------C &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;}}

Where AC is the total labour time (the working day), AB is the necessary labour time, and BC is the surplus labour.

In chapter 12 he supposes the length of the working-day to be given. Let now the distribution of the working day change as follows:
{{Right|A------------B'--B----C &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;}}{{clear}}									
A smaller part of the working day is spent on necessary labour, and a larger part of surplus labour appears.
{{Quote box 
|quote = I call that surplus-value which is produced by the lengthening of the working day, absolute surplus-value. In contrast to this, I call that surplus-value which arises from the curtailment of the necessary labour-time, and from the corresponding alteration in the respective lengths of the two components of the working day,
relative surplus-value.
| source = Marx, K. (1867 / 1990). ''Capital 1,'' p. 432}}

It is important to note that Marx in this chapter once again refrains from the idea that the capitalist could pay different prices for the same amount of labour: by &quot;pushing the wage of the worker down below the value of his labour-power. (…) Despite the important part which this method plays in practice, we are excluded from considering it here by our assumption that all commodities, including labour-power, are bought and sold at their full value.&quot; (p. 431).&lt;ref name=pages&gt;References to page numbers in ''Capital 1'' will be made to the 1990 edition, translated by Ben Fowkes, and published by Penguin Books (which is the same as [https://www.surplusvalue.org.au/Marxism/Capital%20-%20Vol.%201%20Penguin.pdf the 1976 edition of New Left Review]).&lt;/ref&gt; As Harvey puts it, this demonstrates &quot;once more Marx's commitment to deconstructing the utopian theses of classical political economy on their own terms.&quot;{{sfn|Harvey|2010|p=164}}

Producing the same means of subsistence in less hours is impossible without an increase in the productivity of labour, and this can't be done without an alteration in the tools or in the mode of working. &quot;The technical and social conditions of the (labour) process and consequently the mode of production itself must be revolutionized before the productivity of labour can be increased.&quot; (p. 432) Shapiro says: &quot;Marx sees relative surplus-value as marking capitalism's substantive shift from being a marginal presence in early modern society to being the dominant one in the modern world. Indeed, capitalism's rrestructuring of production processes can arguably be listed as a key defining feature of modernity.&quot;{{sfn|Shapiro|2008|p=97}}

As we have seen, the value of a commodity is determined by the socially necessary labour-time congealed in it. When productivity rises, this value diminishes. We have read in [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part1#Chapter 1: Commodities|chapter 1]]: &quot;In general, the greater the productivity of labour, the less the labour-time required to produce an article, the less the mass of labour crystallized in that article, and the less its value.&quot; (p. 131)  And in [[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part2#Chapter 6: The Sale and Purchase of Labour-Power|chapter 6]] Marx explained that the &quot;value of labour-power can be resolved into the value of a definite quantity of the means of subsistence. It therefore varies with the value of the means of subsistence, i.e. with the quantity of labour-time required to produce them.&quot; (p. 276)

In chapter 12 Marx repeats this theory about the value of labour-power&lt;ref name=Petty&gt;Marx draws attention to a passage in [[William Petty]]’s ''Political Anatomy of Ireland'' (1672): The value of the average daily wages of a worker is determined by what the worker needs 'so as to live, labour, and generate.' (p. 430, footnote 1)&lt;/ref&gt; and further specifies his statement by writing that, in order &quot;to make the value of labour-power go down, the rise in the productivity of labour must seize upon those branches of industry whose products determine the value of labour-power, and consequently (...) belong to the category of normal means of subsistence.&quot; (p. 432)&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;But,&quot; he remarks, &quot;the value of a commodity is determined not only by the quantity of labour which gives it its final form, but also by the quantity of labour contained in the instruments by which it has been produced. (…) Hence a fall in the value of labour-power is also brought about by an increase in the productivity of labour, and by a corresponding cheapening of commodities in those industries which supply the
instruments of labour and the material for labour, i.e. the physical elements of constant capital which are required for producing the means of subsistence. But an increase in the productivity of labour in those branches of industry which supply neither the necessary means of subsistence nor the means by which they are produced leaves the value of labour-power undisturbed.&quot; (id.)

Marx further notes that each individual capitalist has a motive for cheapening his commodities by continually increasing the productivity of labour. &quot;Capital (…) has an immanent drive, and a constant tendency, towards increasing the productivity of labour, in order to cheapen commodities and, by cheapening commodities, to cheapen the worker himself.&quot; (p. 436-437) Here he also finds an answer to a question, already by other political economists, for instance [[Economics/History of Economic Thought/Francois Quesnay|Francois Quesnay]], why capitalist, who want to produce exchange values, continually reduces the exchange value of their commodities. 

In the following chapters, Marx examines the various historical forms of the development of relative surplus-value.

== Chapter 13: Co-operation ==
&quot;A large number of workers working together, at the same time, in one place (or, if you like, in the same field of labour), in order to produce the same sort of commodity under the command of the same capitalist, constitutes the startingpoint of capitalist production. This is true both historically and conceptually.&quot; (p. 440)
But apart from the quantitative change, qualitative modifications do take place. First of all, the working together of a large number of workers has the effect that differences between workers are compensated and vanish. In this way &quot;average social labour&quot; becomes a reality.&lt;br /&gt;
Then, even &quot;without an alteration in the method of work, the simultaneous employment of a large number of workers produces a revolution in the objective conditions of the labour process.&quot; (p. 441) Parts of the means of production are now consumed jointly in the production process. This will lead to lower costs and to a lower price of the commodities produced. 
The working together of numerous workers, side by side in accordance with a plan, whether in the same process, or in different but connected processes, is called '''co-operation'''. The most simple forms of co-operation will already enlarge productivity, and so do the more complicated forms. Co-operation also allows work to be carried on over a large area. 

Bringing together large numbers of workers requires a large amount of (variable) capital. But, as more instruments of labour are required, it also requires a large amount of constant capital. 

Then Marx writes, in his own inimitable style: &quot;Whether the combined working day, in a given case, acquires this increased productivity because it heightens the mechanical force of labour, or extends its sphere of action over a greater space, or contracts the field of production relatively to the scale of production, or at the critical moment sets large masses of labour to work, or excites rivalry between individuals and raises their animal spirits, or impresses on the similar operations carried on by a number of men the stamp of continuity and manysidedness, or performs different operations simultaneously, or economizes the means of production by use in common, or lends to individual labour the character of average social labour - whichever of these is the cause of the increase, the special productive power of the combined working day is, under all circumstances, the social productive power of labour, or the productive power of social labour. This power arises from co-operation itself.&quot; (p. 447) 

Marx further writes that &quot;when the worker co-operates in a planned way with others, he strips off the fetters of his individuality, and develops the capabilities of his species&quot; (p. 447). Harvey remarks that this is one of the instances, &quot;where Marx reverts to some notion of universal species being, which was an important theme in the ''Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts'' of 1844.{{sfn|Harvey|2010|p=173}}

{{Blockquote
| text = We saw in a former chapter that a certain minimum amount of capital was necessary in order that the number of workers simultaneously employed, and consequently the amount of surplus-value produced, might suffice to liberate the employer himself from manual labour, to convert him from a small master into a capitalist, and thus formally to establish the capital-relation. We now see that a certain minimum amount is a material condition for the conversion of numerous isolated and independent processes into one combined social process.&lt;br /&gt;We also saw that, at first, the subjection of labour to capital was only a formal result of the fact that the worker, instead of working for himself, works for, and consequently under, the capitalist. Through the co-operation of numerous wage-labourers, the command of capital develops into a requirement for carrying on the labour process itself, into a real condition of production. That a capitalist should command in the field of production is now as indispensable as that a general should command in the field of battle.
| source = p. 448}}


This is what according to Harvey must be called the distinction between formal subsumption of labour under capital versus its real subsumption.&lt;ref name=formalvsreal&gt;{{harvnb|Harvey|2010|p=173}} Callinicos criticizes Harvey's interpretation of the distinction between formal and real subsumption {{harvnb|Callinicos|2014|p=200-201}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

The unification of wage-labourers into a single productive body lies outside the competence of the labourers. &quot;These things are nog their own act, but the act of the capital that brings them together and maintains them in that situation.&quot; (p. 449-450)

As co-operation extends the capitalist hands over  the work of supervision to &quot;a special kind of wage-labourer.&quot; (p. 450) Marx mentions managers, foremen and overseers. 

Co-operation was also a characteristic of works done in ancient Asiatic, Egyptian, and Etruscan societies, and in sporadic forms in the Middle Ages. 

We must clearly keep in mind that co-operation, contrasted with the process of production carried on by isolated independent workers, is only a specific form of the capitalist process of production. &quot;It is the first change experienced by the actual labour process when subjected to capital.&quot; (p. 453) It also forms the real starting-point of capitalist production. &quot;Simple co-operation has always been, and continues to be, the predominant form in those branches of production in which capital operates on a large scale, but the division of labour and machinery play only an insignificant part.&quot; (p. 454)

This chapter also discusses the concept of &quot;Gesamtarbeit&quot; (social aggregate labour or collective labour) in detail for the first time, although Marx does not yet refer to it by that name.&lt;ref name=gesamt&gt;However, this may also be due to the translation. Compare p. 444, where &quot;Gesamtarbeiter&quot; is translated as &quot;row of men&quot;  (rather than &quot;social aggregate labour&quot; or &quot;collective labour&quot;). Incidentally, in MECW vol. 35, p. 332, the translation &quot;collective labour&quot; is used. The MECW ([[:w:en:Marx/Engels Collected Works|Marx/Engels Collected Works]]) is generally regarded as the most authoritative English translation. &lt;/ref&gt; The point is that the combined labour of a number of workers working together yields considerably more output than the labour of the same number of workers working individually. Elsewhere in ''Capital 1'', this concept of the &quot;Gesamtarbeit(er)&quot; (social aggregate labour(er) or collective labour(er)) will play an important role.

== Chapter 14: The Division of Labour and Manufacture ==
=== Section 1: The Dual Origin of Manufacture ===
Co-operation in its simple form &quot;remains the fundamental form of the capitalist mode of production, although (…) it continues to appear as one particular form alongside the more developed ones.&quot; (p. 454) 

When co-operation is also based on division of labour, it finds its &quot;classical shape&quot; in manufacture. (p.455) Marx dates this period of the development of capitalism from the middle of the sixteenth century to the last third of the eighteenth century.

=== Section 2: The Specialized Worker and His Tools ===
=== Section 3: The Two Fundamental Forms of Manufacture–Heterogeneous and Organic ===
=== Section 4: The Division of Labour in Manufacture, and the Division of Labour in Society ===
=== Section 5: The Capitalist Character of Manufacture ===

== Chapter 15: Machinery and Large-Scale Industry ==
This is the most extensive chapter of ''Capital 1'', covering nearly 150 pages.


{| border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=1|| style=&quot;width: 100%; background-color: inherit&quot;
| style=&quot;background-color: #ccc; border: 1px solid #777&quot; | {{center top}}&lt;small&gt;[[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part3|''Capital 1,'' Part 3]] [[Image:Crystal Clear action 1uparrow.png|24px|link=[[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part3]]]]&lt;/small&gt;{{center bottom}}
| style=&quot;background-color: #ccc; border: 1px solid #777&quot; | {{center top}}&lt;small&gt;[[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part5|''Capital 1,'' Part 5]] [[Image:Crystal Clear action 1downarrow.png|24px|link=[[Karl Marx/Capital1/Part5]]]]&lt;/small&gt;{{center bottom}}
| style=&quot;background-color: #bbb; border: 1px solid #666&quot; | {{center top}}&lt;small&gt;[[Karl Marx/Capital1|Karl Marx - ''Capital 1'']] [[Image:Crystal Clear action 2uparrow.png|24px|link=[[Karl Marx/Capital1]]]]&lt;/small&gt;{{center bottom}}
| style=&quot;background-color: #999; border: 1px solid #333&quot; | {{center top}}&lt;small&gt;[[Karl Marx/Critique of Political Economy|Karl Marx's Political Economy]] [[Image:Crystal Clear action 2uparrow.png|24px|link=[[Karl Marx/Critique of Political Economy]]]][[Image:Crystal Clear action 2uparrow.png|24px|link=[[Karl Marx/Critique of Political Economy]]]]&lt;/small&gt;{{center bottom}}
|}


== References ==
{{references}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book
| last = Callinicos | first = Alex | author-link = w:en:Alex Callinicos
| date = 2014
| title = Deciphering Capital : Marx's Capital and its destiny
| location = London
| publisher = Bookmarks Publications
| ISBN = 978 1 909026 68 1
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Harvey | first = David 
| date = 2010
| title = A Companion to Marx's Capital
| location = London / New York
| publisher = Verso
| ISBN = 978 1 84467 359 9
| ref = harv
}}
* {{cite web
| url = https://www.marxists.org/archive/ruhle/1939/capital.htm
| last = Rühle | first = Otto
| title = Karl Marx's Capital: An Abridgment
| date = 1939
| website = marxists.org
| access-date = 2026-01-16
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Shapiro | first = Stephen
| date = 2008
| title = How to Read Marx's Capital
| location = London
| publisher = Pluto Press
| ISBN = 978 0 7453 2562 0
| ref = harv
}}

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==== Linked Open Exhibition ====
''Materialien und Aufgaben für das Modul „BIM-126-02, SoSe 2026, Worthington/Blümel” für Studierende der Hochschule Hannover. Die Materialien werden gemeinsam mit mehreren Kollegen aus dem [https://www.tib.eu/de/forschung-entwicklung/forschungsgruppen-und-labs/open-science Open Science Lab] der TIB Hannover erstellt.''

Projekt-GitHub-Repo: https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition  

==== Zusammenfassung ====
Der achtteilige Kurs bietet eine Einführung in Linked Open Data (LOD) im Kontext von:

# Open Galleries Libraries Archives and Museums (GLAM) und 
# der Nutzung von Plattformen der Wikimedia Foundation.

Die folgenden Plattformen der Wikimedia Foundation werden verwendet: Wikidata, Wikibase, MediaWiki und Wikimedia Commons.

AI LLM wird in den folgenden Workflows verwendet: Code Assistant ''Copilot'' und eine Vielzahl von AI LLM-Chat-Diensten für die Dateierstellung und Konfigurationen zur Erstellung von SPARQL-Abfragen, Jinja 2.0-Vorlagen usw. 

Das „KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) kann für unbegrenztes ChatGPT5 genutzt werden: https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat  

Die verwendeten Methoden sind: Open-Source-Software, Open Science und Rapid Prototyping.

==== Linked Open Exhibition ====
Die Frage, die in diesem Kurs untersucht wird, lautet: Wie kann LOD genutzt werden, um Museumsausstellungen als Linked Open Exhibitions zu verbessern – als Aufzeichnung der Ausstellung, als Katalog der Ausstellungsstücke und für andere wichtige Daten? Als Beispiele '''dienen die Steigerung der Besucherzahlen von Ausstellungen und die Schaffung einer größeren Tiefe des Engagements'''.

Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Frage, wie LOD-Aufzeichnungen von '''Exponaten in einer Ausstellung''' erstellt werden können.

==== Lernpunkte – in der Reihenfolge ihrer Priorität ====

# '''Wikidata/Wikibase LOD-Konzepte:''' Objekte, Eigenschaften, Werte, Qualifikatoren, Wikibase-Schemas, Klassen, Lexeme, Wissensbasis und Wissensgraphen.
# '''Linked Open Data (LOD):''' Semantic Web, 5-Sterne-Bewertung, RDF/Triples, Ontologien, Taxonomien und kontrollierte Vokabulare.
# '''Verwendung von LOD-Quellen:''' Identifikatoren, PIDs, Informationsquellen, Medienquellen sowie Import- und Export-Tools.
# '''Datenmodellierung:''' Methodiken, Schemaverwendung, Visualisierung und Testen.
# '''Daten-Workflow-Tools:''' Git, IDE, KI-Code-Assistent (Copilot), KI-Chat, Verwendung von Wikimedia Foundation-Tools, Datenimport- und -export-Tools, Generierung von PIDs und Hinterlegung in einem wissenschaftlichen Repositorium.
# '''Datenpräsentation und Datennutzung:''' Ergebnisse des Wikidata Query Service, MediaWiki-Infoboxen, Verarbeitung von SPARQL-Abfragen durch KI-Chat.
# '''Open-Science-Praxis:''' Open-Source-Software, Open Notebook Science, Open Licensing, PIDs, FAIR-Datenprinzipien sowie ethische und bewährte Verfahren bei der Nutzung von KI.

==== Sitzungen ====
Die Sitzungen befassen sich mit der Katalogisierung von Ausstellungen des Sprengel Museums unter Verwendung von LOD und der Erstellung von Visualisierungen und Präsentationen.

'''Das Ziel des Lernens ist es, den Umgang''' mit '''LOD''' zu '''erlernen.''' Die Methode besteht darin, ausgehend von einem Kern einer „Ausstellung” „Exponate in einer Ausstellung” hinzuzufügen. Von Anfang an sind es die Studierenden, die die LOD erstellen. Dies beginnt mit minimalen Einträgen der Studierenden, die dann mit Identifikatoren, LOD-Medienquellen, Schemata usw. ergänzt werden. Schließlich wird gezeigt, wie die Daten so präsentiert werden können, dass sie dem „Anwendungsfall” entsprechen: '''die Besucherzahlen der Ausstellungen zu steigern und ein tieferes Engagement zu erreichen'''. Hier kommen Präsentationstechnologien zum Einsatz: MediaWiki-Infoboxen, Ergebnisse des Wikidata Query Service, KI-Chat-SPARQL-Abfragen und andere Funktionen usw.

==== Sitzung 1: Erstellung einer Ausstellung-Zeitleiste – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Ausstellungen ====

# Erfassen Sie minimale Informationen zu einer Ausstellung in Wikidata als Linked Open Data: Titel, Museum, Datum usw. Beispiel: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 –  Siehe: Tabelle1 : ''Minimale Dateneinträge für eine Ausstellung''
# Zeigen Sie den Ausstellungseintrag in Wikidata an Ergebnisse des Abfragedienstes anzeigen Link (Zeitleiste und Grafik https://w.wiki/J8NJ | https://w.wiki/J8aS )
# Überprüfen Sie die Ausstellungseinträge.
# Behandeln Sie Themen, die durch die Erstellung eines LOD-Eintrags aufgeworfen werden: Wikidata-Grundlagen, bewährte Verfahren für Wikidata, Konsultation von Schemata, Bedeutung der Überprüfung und Verwendung von GitHub Issues, Vergleich der verfügbaren Daten – vorher und nachher.

==== Sitzung 2: Ausstellungskatalogisierung – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Objekten, Künstlern, Katalogen ====

==== Sitzung 3: Museumsbesuch – Sprengel Museum (noch zu bestätigen) ====

==== Sitzung 4: Ausstellungskatalogisierung – Massenhinzufügungen: Hinzufügen von Objekten, Künstlern, Katalogen ====

==== Sitzung 5: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====

==== Sitzung 6: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====

==== Sitzung 7: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====

==== Sitzung 8: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====
---

==== Sitzung 1: Erstellung eines Ausstellungskalenders – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Ausstellungen ====
Die Übung: Erstellen Sie einen Linked-Open-Data-Datensatz für eine Ausstellung mit Wikidata (Mindestangaben).

A. '''Erstellen des Ausstellungseintrags in Wikidata.'''

# Anmeldung bei Wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/
# Halten Sie eine Quelle bereit, um Daten einzugeben, z. B.
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/ausstellungen/archiv
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised
#* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung%26any&amp;currentPosition=1  
# Überprüfen Sie, ob es bereits einen Eintrag für die Ausstellung auf Wikidata gibt. Verwenden Sie dazu die Suchfunktion. 
# Erstellen Sie einen Eintrag oder bearbeiten Sie einen bestehenden Eintrag.
#* Hinweis: Überprüfen Sie, welche Sprache Sie verwenden. Wir werden Einträge in Deutsch und Englisch hinzufügen (beginnend mit Deutsch).
# Erstellen Sie die folgenden Dateneinträge in Wikidata, siehe: Tabelle 1: ''Minimale Dateneinträge für eine Ausstellung.''
# Überprüfen Sie die Wikidata-Einträge zur Ausstellung. Die Überprüfung erfolgt anhand von drei Fragen. Fügen Sie bei Bedarf Kommentare hinzu, Korrekturen können vorgenommen werden. Ergebnisse und Anmerkungen können auf der Diskussionsseite des Eintrags hinzugefügt werden, z. B. 
#* Alle Einträge vorhanden [   ]
#* Alle Einträge sind korrekt [   ]
#* Einträge sind in Deutsch und Englisch – im Rahmen des Zumutbaren [   ]

''Tabelle2 : Mindestdaten für einen Ausstellungseintrag''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |'''Felder, die zur Erstellung eines Ausstellungseintrags verwendet werden. Siehe Beispiel: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468''' 
|-
|A
|Beschriftung
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Hinweis: Kurz halten. Titel der Ausstellung verwenden
|-
|B
|Beschreibung
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Hinweis: Zur Unterscheidung von anderen Einträgen verwenden. Folgen Sie diesem Beispiel: Gabriela Jolowicz Holzschnitte Ausstellung im Sprengel Museum, Hannover, 2026
|-
|
|'''Eigentum (P) und Objekt (Q)'''
|'''URI'''
|'''DE'''
|
|'''Hinzufügen'''
|'''Anmerkung'''
|-
|1
|P31
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31
|ist ein(e)
|Instanz von
|Q464980
|Element hinzufügen
|-
|2
|Q464980
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464980
|Ausstellung
|Ausstellung
|
|(oben verwendet)
|-
|3
|P1476
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1476
|Titel
|Titel
|Titel
|Klartext
|-
|4
|P276
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P276
|Ort
|Standort
|Sprengel Museum Hannover Q510144
|Artikel hinzufügen
|-
|5
|P580
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P580
|Startzeitpunkt
|Startzeit
|Datum
|JJJJ-MM-TT
|-
|6
|P582
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P582
|Endzeitpunkt
|Endzeit
|Datum
|JJJJ-MM-TT
|-
|7
|P1640
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1640
|Kurator
|Kurator
|Person
|Element hinzufügen (falls nicht vorhanden, muss erstellt werden/kann derzeit weggelassen werden)
|-
|8
|P710
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P710
|Teilnehmer
|Teilnehmer
|Person (der Künstler)
|Element hinzufügen (falls nicht vorhanden, muss erstellt werden/kann derzeit weggelassen werden)
|-
|9
|P856
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P856
|Offizielle Website
|Offizielle Website
|URL
|URL
|}
Ende von Sitzung 1.

==== Hausaufgabenübungen ====
1. Vervollständigen Sie Ihre zugewiesene Ausstellung. Stellen Sie sicher, dass alle Felder aus Tabelle 1 ausgefüllt sind. Wenn etwas nicht hinzugefügt werden kann, haben Sie zwei Möglichkeiten: A. Machen Sie eine Notiz in der Tabelle zur Ausstellungszuweisung oder B. Senden Sie eine E-Mail an  [mailto:Simon.worththington@tib.eu simon.worththington@tib.eu] , damit ich Ihnen bei der Lösung Ihres Problems helfen kann.

'''Hinweis: Wenn Sie während des Unterrichts keinen Ausstellungseintrag erstellt haben, stellen Sie sicher, dass dieser vor der nächsten Unterrichtsstunde fertiggestellt ist.'''

2. Erstellen Sie ein GitHub-Konto und fügen Sie Ihren GitHub-Namen neben Ihrem Namen in der Spalte „GitHub-Name” in der Tabelle zur Zuweisung der Ausstellungen hinzu.

3. Überprüfen Sie die Ausstellungseinträge Ihrer Klassenkameraden. Ihnen wurde allen ein Eintrag zur Überprüfung zugewiesen, siehe Tabelle zur Zuweisung der Ausstellungen. Ihr Name steht in Spalte G. Diese erste Überprüfung umfasst drei Fragen – kreuzen Sie die Kästchen an, um anzuzeigen, ob jeder Punkt ausgefüllt wurde, und fügen Sie entweder Kommentare hinzu oder korrigieren Sie den Wikidata-Ausstellungseintrag.

'''Hinweis: Wenn der Ihnen zugewiesene Ausstellungseintrag nicht von Ihrem Klassenkameraden erstellt wurde, kontaktieren Sie ihn bitte und bitten Sie ihn, den Eintrag zu vervollständigen.'''

Die Fragen lauten:

1. Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

2. Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

3. Gibt es einen deutschen und einen englischen Eintrag?

---

=== Sitzung 2: Ausstellungskatalogisierung – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Objekten, Künstlern, Katalogen ===

==== Die Sitzung umfasst fünf Übungen: ====

# Ausstellungsaktualisierung
# Künstler
# Ausstellungskatalog
# AI LLM SPARQL-Experimente
# &lt;s&gt;Kunstwerk&lt;/s&gt;

==== Die Übungen umfassen die folgenden Konzepte: ====

==== Übungen ====

==== 1. Aktualisierung der Ausstellung ====

* Hausaufgabenüberprüfung: Füllen Sie alle Felder für eine Ausstellung aus. Überprüfen Sie die Ihnen zugewiesene Ausstellung, indem Sie die folgenden drei Fragen beantworten:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* Für das Label. Wandeln Sie Wörter in Großbuchstaben in Satzschrift um. Verwenden Sie: https://convertcase.net/title-case-converter/ | Ändern Sie z. B. ADRIAN SAUER: TRUTH TABLESPECTRUM INTERNATIONALER PREIS FÜR FOTOGRAFIE DER STIFTUNG NIEDERSACHSEN in Adrian Sauer: Truth Tablespectrum Internationaler Preis Für Fotografie Der Stiftung Niedersachsen.
* Fügen Sie die englischen Versionen hinzu. Verwenden Sie DeepL zum Übersetzen: https://www.deepl.com/en/translator
** Titel: Fügen Sie den englischen Titel hinzu
* Fügen Sie Folgendes hinzu. Ändern Sie P710 Teilnehmer (Participant) in P921 zentrales Thema artists name.
** Qualifier zum zentralen Thema, um anzugeben, dass die Person Kunstwerke beisteuert.
* Verwenden Sie: Qualifier P170 creator und fügen Sie artist Q483501 hinzu (geben Sie „Künstler” ein, es wird automatisch vervollständigt)
* Referenz: Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID für eine Person, z. B. Gabriela Jolowicz https://d-nb.info/gnd/134184963 | Suchen Sie den Namen der Person und kopieren Sie den letzten Teil der Nummer 134184963
* Diskussionsseite: Fügen Sie die Überprüfungsfragen für Ihren Wikidata-Eintrag hinzu:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch?&lt;/blockquote&gt;Beachten Sie die nützlichen Links, die Ihnen mehr über verbundene Linked Open Data verraten!

Hinweis: SPARQL-Abfrage zur Anzeige des Datenmodells. Eigenschaften und Werte. Ergebnisse: https://w.wiki/JMLX Erstellt mit Gemini AI: https://gemini.google.com/share/c43f34a67f67

==== Konzepte ====

* Wikidata-Teile – siehe Informationen und Diagramm:
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction/de
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction#/media/File:Datamodel_in_Wikidata.svg
* Anwendung eines Überprüfungsprozesses mithilfe von Diskussionsseiten
* Hinzufügen von Referenzen
* Verwendung einer LOD-Quelle – Ein Normdatensatz Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID &lt;nowiki&gt;https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* SPARQL-Abfrage
---

==== 2. Künstler ====
Das Ziel hierbei ist es, sicherzustellen, dass alle Künstler in die Ausstellungsliste aufgenommen wurden, und anschließend die bestehenden Künstlereinträge zu überprüfen.

Später wird eine SPARQL-Abfrage durchgeführt, um Aussagen über alle Künstler in unserem Datensatz zu vergleichen.

Bevor Sie die Künstereinträge überprüfen, stellen Sie sicher, dass alle Künstler im Ausstellungseintrag aufgeführt sind, mit dem Qualifikationsmerkmal „Künstler” und einem Verweis auf ihren GND-Datensatz.

==== Wichtige Aussagen ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Concept
|CIDOC CRM (Full)
|Linked Art (Selection)
|Wikidata Equivalent
|Note
|-
|Entity
|E21 Person
|Person
|Q5 (human)
|The base instance.
|-
|Label/Name
|P1 is identified by → E33_E41
|identified_by (Name)
|
|Linked Art flattens this into a simple list of names.
|-
|
|
|
|P735 Given name
|
|-
|
|
|
|P734 Family name
|
|-
|Profession
|P2 has type → E55 Type
|classified_as
|P106 (occupation)
|Map to AAT 300025103 (artist).
|-
|Birth
|P98i was born → E67 Birth
|born (Birth)
|P569 (date of birth)
|CRM treats birth as an event; Wikidata as a property.
|-
|Death
|P100i died in → E69 Death
|died (Death)
|P570 (date of death)
|If the artist is still living, this is omitted.
|-
|Nationality
|P107i member of → E74 Group
|classified_as (Type)
|P27 (citizenship)
|Linked Art often models nationality as a Type.
|-
|Reference
|P1 identifies ← E42 Identifier
|identified_by (Identifier)
|QID (The URI itself)
|Used to link to external authorities (ULAN, VIAF).
|-
|Commons category
|?
|?
|P373 search name
|&lt;nowiki&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|}


Aus Google Gemini: https://gemini.google.com/share/578cc1b886d0

---

==== Schemas und Communities benötigen Beratung. ====
'''Aus Wikimedia:'''

WikiProject Visual Arts: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Visual_arts

Wikiproject Exhibitions: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Exhibitions

'''Halbformell'''

Generisches Wikibase-Modell für Kulturdaten: https://kgi4nfdi.github.io/Guidelines/guide/wikibase/data_modelling_import/

'''Formell:'''

CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) – https://cidoc-crm.org/

Linked Art (basierend auf CIDOC) https://linked.art/model/actor/

==== Konzepte ====

* Datenmodellierung
* Schemas
* Anwendungsfall
* Bottom-up-Design
* Identifikatoren

---

==== 3. Ausstellungskatalog ====
Suchen Sie an beiden Orten nach Informationen zum Katalog Ihrer zugewiesenen Ausstellung.

Sprengel Museum Publikationskatalog – https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised

DND (Beispiel) Sie können nach dem Namen der Ausstellung oder dem Sprengel Museum suchen – https://portal.dnb.de/opac/simpleSearch?query=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung&amp;cqlMode=true

Hinweis: Notieren Sie sich alle Links, die Sie in der Tabelle mit den Ausstellungslisten finden.

===== Erstellen Sie einen Wikidata-Eintrag für den Katalog. =====
Hinweis: Suchen Sie zunächst nach der Veröffentlichung, bevor Sie einen Wikidata-Eintrag erstellen. Verwenden Sie den Titel, die ISBN und die GND.

Ein Beispiel für eine Veröffentlichung aus DNB und Sprengel Shop.

* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=Gabriela+and+Jolowicz%26any&amp;currentPosition=0
* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised

===== Geben Sie diese Angaben ein =====
Hinweis: Denken Sie an die Bezeichnung und Beschreibung
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Property
|Label
|Description/Example
|-
|P31
|instance of
|catalogue (Q2352616)
|-
|P1476
|title
|The official title of the catalogue (e.g., Vermeer and the Masters of Genre Painting)
|-
|P50
|author
|The main curator or art historian (item link)
|-
|P123
|publisher
|The museum or publishing house (e.g., Louvre Museum)
|-
|P577
|publication date
|Year of release (e.g., 2024)
|-
|P212
|ISBN-13
|The 13-digit standard book identifier
|-
|
|GND
|ID
|-
|P973
|described at URL
|A link to the catalogue's page on the museum’s website
|}
Google Gemini https://gemini.google.com/share/9a21f5522192

Beispiel für eine Eingabe: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138646145

==== Verlinken Sie den Datensatz zurück zur Ausstellung. ====
P972     &gt;      Titel

==== Konzepte ====

* Datenmodellierung
* Identifikator
* Daten als CC Zero / Urheberrecht der Daten

---

==== 4. AI LLM SPARQL-Experimente ====
Wikidata verfügt über eine SPARQL-Schnittstelle, über die die LOD in Wikidata durchsucht (abgefragt) und auf verschiedene Arten, in verschiedenen Formaten und Visualisierungen ausgegeben werden kann. Außerdem kann sie im Web gespeichert werden.

Wir werden den AI LLM-Chat verwenden, um SPARQL-Abfragen zu generieren.

Später werden wir die Grundlagen des Schreibens einer SPARQL-Abfrage lernen. Aber zunächst wollen wir sehen, wie sie generiert werden, welche Optionen es gibt und wie sie kreativ eingesetzt werden können.

Die Verwendung von Chat-Diensten oder Code-Assistenten kann eine wertvolle Möglichkeit sein, um neue Technologien kennenzulernen.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Service
|Best For
|Standout Feature
|Key Model(s)
|-
|'''ChatGPT'''
|General Use &amp; Tasks
|Deep Research &amp; Agent Mode
|GPT-5.4, GPT-5
|-
|'''Claude'''
|Coding &amp; Writing
|Artifacts (interactive workspace)
|Claude 4.5, 4.6
|-
|'''Google Gemini'''
|Google Ecosystem
|Nano Banana (native image/video)
|Gemini 3.1 Pro
|-
|Perplexity
|Real-time Research
|Native Citations &amp; Search Labs
|Sonar, GPT-5, Claude
|-
|MS Copilot
|Office Productivity
|Copilot Vision &amp; 365 Integration
|GPT-5.2, Prometheus
|-
|DeepSeek
|Logical Reasoning
|High-tier performance at low cost
|DeepSeek-V3, R1
|-
|Grok
|Real-time Social Info
|Unfiltered X (Twitter) integration
|Grok 4.1
|-
|'''Meta AI'''
|Social Media
|Seamless integration in WhatsApp/IG
|Llama 4 (Scout)
|-
|Poe
|Model Testing
|Access multiple LLMs in one app
|Multi-model aggregator
|-
|Mistral (Le Chat)
|Privacy &amp; Developers
|European-hosted, GDPR-focused
|Mistral Large 3
|}
Einige davon können auch über KISSKI genutzt werden.

Das „KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) kann für unbegrenztes ChatGPT5 genutzt werden: https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat

==== Die Übung ====
Die Gruppe wird in mehrere Zoom-Breakout-Gruppen aufgeteilt und verbringt dann 20 Minuten damit, SPARQL-Abfragen und andere kreative Anwendungen zu generieren.

Fügen Sie die Ergebnisse hier ein: https://tib.cloud/apps/files/files/8251374?dir=/NFDI4Culture/HsH/BIM26/bim26-shared&amp;editing=false&amp;openfile=true

Jedem Raum wird eine Chat-Engine zugewiesen.

Es gibt maximal vier Gruppen.

·      Gruppe Nr. 1: ChatGPT

·      Gruppe Nr. 2: Claude

·      Gruppe Nr. 3: Google Gemini

·       Gruppe Nr. 4: Meta AI

==== Beispielübung ====
Chatbots können eine SPARQL-Abfrage oder eine Wikidata-Adresse lesen.

z. B.

* Artikel https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468
* Abfragegrafik https://w.wiki/JPNc
* Abfragetidsachse https://w.wiki/JPPN
* Artikel Sprengel Museum https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510144

Anschließend kann der Chatbot angewiesen werden, auf Grundlage der bereitgestellten Informationen bestimmte Aktionen auszuführen.

Sie sollten den Chatbot bitten, Wikidata-SPARQL-Abfragen zu generieren, und diese Abfragen dann in die SPARQL-Abfrageoberfläche einfügen. https://query.wikidata.org/

Verwenden Sie diese Beispiele und entwickeln Sie Ihre eigenen:

# Dashboard erstellen (Anzahl der Dinge)
# Inventar erstellen (Tabelle)
# Graphdatenmodell erstellen

Einige SPARQL-Abfragen

·       Karte der Geburtsorte von Künstlern – https://w.wiki/JPT3

·       Liste der Ausstellungen – https://w.wiki/JPR3

·       Als Darstellung der Ausstellungen – https://w.wiki/J8aS

==== Hausaufgabe: Sitzung 2 ====
Erstellen Sie ein Bottom-up-Datenmodell eines Kunstwerks in einer Ausstellung. Fügen Sie nur die minimal erforderlichen Informationen hinzu. Das Ergebnis sollte eine Tabelle sein, wie sie für Ausstellung, Künstler und Katalog dargestellt wird. Die Tabelle sollte Eigenschaften und Attribute enthalten. Sie sollten die oben genannten Schemata zu Rate ziehen. Sie können KI verwenden, aber geben Sie die KI an und verlinken Sie sie mit Ihrer Frage. Wenn Sie KI verwenden, überprüfen Sie die Ergebnisse und machen Sie sich Notizen darüber, was Sie geändert haben.

Hinweis: Überlegen Sie, wie die Teile miteinander in Beziehung stehen, was Sie hinzufügen müssen und was bereits in Wikidata vorhanden ist.

Reichen Sie Ihre Ergebnisse als Tabelle oder Spreadsheet ein.

---

==== Sitzung 3: Museumsbesuch – Sprengel Museum ====
19 März 2026

ENDE
==== Sitzung Nr. 4: Schemata und Prototyping (Abschlussprojekt) ====

===== Zusammenfassung und Überblick =====
Erledigt

* 	Erstellen von Ausstellungs-Einträgen in Wikidata
* 	Befüllen unserer Datenmodelle für „Künstler“ und „Katalog“
* Erkundung	des Museums und seiner Aktivitäten, um den Prototyp zu steuern

Zu erledigen

* 	Entscheidung über die Ideen für den Prototyp
* 	Datenmodell für Objekte in einer Ausstellung (Kunstwerk und	Ausstellung)
* Erstellen	eines Datenmodells zum Projektende, das von Museen genutzt werden	kann und den Branchenstandards – CIDOC und Wikidata –	entspricht.

===== Was haben wir über die „Geschichte des Museums“ gelernt? =====
TBC

===== Schemas =====
Eine Gelegenheit, sich mit der Struktur von Linked Open Data anhand gemeinsamer Vereinbarungen zu Arbeitspraktiken vertraut zu machen.

Im Laufe des Kurses wird ein Datenmodell entwickelt und fertiggestellt, um „Objekte in einer Ausstellung“ zu beschreiben. Das Datenmodell wird zur Konsultation und zum Testen durch die Community veröffentlicht.

===== Schemas und Schlüsselkonzepte =====
Tabelle: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP

* 	Schema
* 	Terminologiedienst
* 	Kontrolliertes Vokabular
* 	Taxonomie
* 	Ontologie
* Wissensgraph


Tabelle X: Link: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP In Linked Open Data (LOD) verwendete Terminologie

DE
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!   Konzept
!   Wikidata-Link (Konzept)
!   Hauptschwerpunkt
!   Analogie
!   Beispielressource
!   URL
!   Anwendungsbeispiel
!   URL
|-
|   Schema
|   Q1397073
|   Datenstruktur
|   Die Vorlage. Konzeptionelles Schema / Datenmodell
|   Schema.org
|   [https://schema.org/]
|   VisualArtwork
|   [https://schema.org/VisualArtwork]
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|   Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) „In der Sierra Nevada,   Kalifornien“
|   [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20475372]
|-
|   Terminologiedienst
|   Q22692845
|   Verbreitung
|   Eine Bibliothek mit Vokabularen, Schemata, Ontologien usw.
|   TIB-Terminologiedienst
|   [https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/]
|   NFDI4CULTURE
|   [https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies?and=false&amp;page=1&amp;sortedBy=title&amp;size=10&amp;collection=NFDI4CULTURE]
|-
|   Kontrolliertes Vokabular
|   Q1469824
|   Konsistenz
|   Das Wörterbuch
|   Integrierte Normdatei / die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)
|   [https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showShortList]
|   Personen: Dürer, Albrecht
|   [https://d-nb.info/gnd/117751669]
|-
|   Taxonomie
|   Q8269924
|   Hierarchie
|   Sortierung nach Typ (allgemeine Klassifizierung)
|   Getty Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
|   [https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/]
|   Deutscher Surrealist Max Ernst (verwendete Maltechniken)
|[https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/conservation-department-new/technical-studies-and-conservation-campaigns/portrait-of-an-artist-at-work-max-ernsts-surrealist-techniques/#:~:text=Frottage%20und%20Grattage,in%20seinen%20Zeichnungen%20von%201925].
|-
|
|
|
|
|   Iconclass
|   [https://iconclass.org/]
|   Max Ernsts „Die Jungfrau, die das Christkind versohlt“   (Parady)
|   [https://www.wikiart.org/en/max-ernst/the-virgin-spanking-the-christ-child-before-three-witnesses-andre-breton-paul-eluard-and-the-1926]
|-
|   Ontologie
|   Q324254
|   Semantik: Bedeutung &amp; Logik (Informationswissenschaft)
|   Das Regelwerk oder der Stilführer
|   CIDOC (Comité International pour la DOCumentation /   Internationales Komitee für Dokumentation)
|   [https://cidoc-crm.org/]
|   Sloane Lab Knowledge Base – Zusammenführung von 3 Sammlungen
|   [https://knowledgebase.sloanelab.org/resource/Start]
|-
|   Wissensgraph
|   Q33002955
|   Netzwerk von Dingen und Beziehungen
|   Eine Navigationskarte
|   Verzeichnis antiker Kunstwerke und architektonischer Bauwerke, die   in der Renaissance bekannt waren
|   [https://www.census.de/]
|   Artemis-Suche
|   [https://database.census.de/#/detail/10013099]
|-
|
|
|
|
|   Forschungsbereich
|   [https://researchspace.org/]
|   Hokusai: Das große Bilderbuch von allem
|[https://hokusai-great-picture-book-everything.researchspace.org/resource/rsp:Start]
|}

EN
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|-
! **Concept**
! **Wikidata link (Concept)**
! **Primary Focus**
! **Analogy**
! **Example resource**
! **URL**
! **Example use**
! **URL**
|-
| Schema
| Q1397073
| Data Structure
| The Template. Conceptual schema / data model
| Schema.org
| https://schema.org/
| VisualArtwork
| https://schema.org/VisualArtwork
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) &quot;Among the Sierra Nevada, California&quot;
| https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20475372
|-
| Terminology Service
| Q22692845
| Distribution
| A Library of Vocabularies, Schemas, Ontologies, etc
| TIB Terminology Service
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/
| NFDI4CULTURE
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies?and=false&amp;page=1&amp;sortedBy=title&amp;size=10&amp;collection=NFDI4CULTURE
|-
| Controlled Vocabulary
| Q1469824
| Consistency
| The Dictionary
| Integrated Authority File / die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)
| https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showShortList
| Persons: Dürer, Albrecht
| https://d-nb.info/gnd/117751669
|-
| Taxonomy
| Q8269924
| Hierarchy
| Sorting things by type (general classification)
| Getty Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
| https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/
| German Surrealist Max Ernst (painting techniques used)
| https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/conservation-department-new/technical-studies-and-conservation-campaigns/portrait-of-an-artist-at-work-max-ernsts-surrealist-techniques/#:~:text=Frottage%20and%20Grattage,in%20his%20drawings%20in%201925.
|-
|
|
|
|
| Iconclass
| https://iconclass.org/
| Max Ernst’s &quot;The Virgin Spanking the Christ Child&quot; (Parady)
| https://www.wikiart.org/en/max-ernst/the-virgin-spanking-the-christ-child-before-three-witnesses-andre-breton-paul-eluard-and-the-1926
|-
| Ontology
| Q324254
| Semantics: Meaning &amp; logic (information science)
| The Rulebook or Writing Style Guide
| CIDOC (Comité International pour la DOCumentation / International Committee for Documentation)
| https://cidoc-crm.org/
| Sloane Lab Knowledge Base - unifying 3 collections
| https://knowledgebase.sloanelab.org/resource/Start
|-
| Knowledge Graph
| Q33002955
| Network of things and relations
| A Navigational Map
| Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance
| https://www.census.de/
| Artemis search
| https://database.census.de/#/detail/10013099
|-
|
|
|
|
| Research Space
| https://researchspace.org/
| Hokusai: The Great Picture Book of Everything
| https://hokusai-great-picture-book-everything.researchspace.org/resource/rsp:Start
|}


===== Schema-Übung =====
Zu bearbeitende Tabelle: https://tib.cloud/s/PicTdwCEqCQ6pBp

(Passwort: bim2026)

Wir werden uns mit folgenden Themen befassen: Ausstellung, Künstler und Katalog.

'''''Geben Sie die gefundenen URLs ein. Fügen Sie bei Bedarf neue Zeilen, Spalten und Kommentare hinzu. Führen Sie sowohl manuelle als auch KI-Suchen durch, um die Ergebnisse zu vergleichen.'''''

===== Übung Nr. 1: Trage Links zu passenden Elementen aus den folgenden Quellen in die Tabelle ein: =====

* 	Wikidata:WikiProject Exhibitions/Properties
* 	Generisches Wikibase-Modell für Kulturdaten – Wikibase4Research	NFDI4Culture
* 	CIDOC CRM (vollständig)
* 	Terminologiedienst (NFDII4Culture)
* Wikidata

===== Übung Nr. 2: Verwenden Sie KI-LLM, um passende Elemente zu finden =====

* &lt;nowiki&gt;https://gemini.google.com/&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==== Prototyping ====
Entweder in dieser oder in der nächsten Sitzung wird die Gruppe in Teams aufgeteilt.

===== Schema =====

# 	Entwicklung eines Datenmodells: „Objekte in einer Ausstellung“

===== Teile der Quarto-Publikation =====

# 	Ein Katalog einer Ausstellung des Sprengel Museums
# 	Ein Katalog aller Ausstellungen und Ausstellungskataloge
# 	Katalog der Ausstellungsbeiträge
# Ein Glossar	mit Begriffen – Personen und benannte Entitäten – aus Wikidata

===== Einführung in Quarto und Einfügen eines Ausstellungsbeitrags =====
Tools: Quarto, GitHub, VS Code, Jupyter Notebooks, Copilot: Agentic Coding)

'''Voraussetzungen'''

# 	Ein Laptop oder Computer, auf dem Sie VScode installieren können
# 	Sie benötigen 2FA auf Ihrem Mobilgerät
# 	Erstellen Sie ein GitHub-Konto
# 	Installiere VScode
# 	Verbinden Sie Ihr GitHub-Konto mit VScode
# Erstellen	Sie ein GitHub-Repository

'''Klonen:''' https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype

'''Modell: Auto'''

'''So wurde das Repo eingerichtet. Agent-Eingabeaufforderungen:'''

Ich möchte ein Quarto-Website-Projekt ausführen, bitte richte die Grundlagen ein. Das Projekt wird auf GitHub Pages veröffentlicht. Lege das Ausgabeverzeichnis auf „docs“ fest.

Erstellen Sie eine Seite für das Quarto-Projekt, die die für diesen Wikidata-Eintrag verwendeten Daten abruft und als professionelle Webseite rendert &lt;Fügen Sie hier Ihre Ausstellung ein – oder verwenden Sie diese&gt; https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 Der Ansatz sollte eine SPARQL-Abfrage für die Daten erstellen und diese dann mithilfe eines Jupyter-Notebooks als HTML rendern.

===== Aufgaben =====

* 	Ausstellung ändern – manuell
* 	Notebook ausführen – Agent
* 	Quarto ausführen und Vorschau anzeigen – manuell oder Agent
* Auf Ihren	GitHub Pages veröffentlichen – Agent

===== Schritt für Schritt =====
Teil 1: Arbeitsumgebung

# Erstelle ein GitHub-Konto – &lt;nowiki&gt;https://github.com/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# Richte die Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung (2FA) ein – in der Regel auf dem Handy (Google Authenticator)
# Installiere VSCode – https://code.visualstudio.com/download
# Installiere GitHub Desktop – https://desktop.github.com/download/
# Füge dein GitHub-Konto hinzu, wenn du dazu aufgefordert wirst, und verwende die 2FA

Schritt 2: Der Prototyp

# Forken Sie das Repository: https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype
# Testen Sie Quarto im Terminal:
## quarto check
## quarto render
## quarto preview (Strg+C – zum Beenden)
# Falls es nicht funktioniert, führen Sie Quarto über den Agent aus
# Ändern Sie die Wikidata-Ausstellung im Notebook
# Notebook ausführen
# quarto render und quarto preview ausführen
# Alles speichern
# Git: Nachricht, Commit und Push
# Auf GitHub.com dein Repository
## Seiten aktivieren: GitHub Actions
## Code: Über das Zahnrad – Klicke auf „Meine GitHub Pages verwenden“
## Registerkarte „Actions“: Quarto-Projekt veröffentlichen
# ENDE – Wiederholen :-)

===== Hausaufgabe – Sitzung Nr. 4 =====

* 	Hol alle Bücher aus der HsH-Bibliothek, die Ausstellungskataloge	des Sprengel Museums sind. Bring sie zur nächsten Vorlesung mit
* 	Erstelle einen Ausstellungs-Eintrag, falls noch nicht geschehen
* Arbeite mit	VSCode und dem Agent und experimentiere

==== Sitzung 5: Prototypenerstellung: Running Quarto Prototype, Federation, Prototype Teams ====

* Running Quarto Prototype - wie oben - https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype 
* DNB data download https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition
* Data Federation - WB4R 

===== Links =====
https://wikibase.wbworkshop.tibwiki.io/wiki/Main_Page

Glossar - https://nfdi4culture.github.io/linked-open-exhibition/Documentation/glossary

===== DNB Suche =====
https://portal.dnb.de/opac/moveDown?currentResultId=Sprengel+and+Museum%26any&amp;categoryId=books
Sprengel Museum, 602 Artikel
'''Über die Dienstleistungen von DNB'''
https://www.dnb.de/librarylab
https://deutsche-nationalbibliothek.github.io/jupyterlite/lab/
'''AUCH'''
https://wiki.dnb.de/spaces/LINKEDDATASERVICE/pages/449878933/DNB+SPARQL+Service+BETA

===== Prototype Teams =====

* DNB-Daten
* Katalog durchsuchen
* Ausstellungsbeiträge
* Vollständiges Datenmodell (alle)


ENDE

---

== EN ==

''Materials and Tasks for the module &quot;BIM-126-02, SoSe 2026, Worthington/Blümel&quot; for students at Hochschule Hannover. The materials are prepared with several colleagues from the [https://www.tib.eu/de/forschung-entwicklung/forschungsgruppen-und-labs/open-science Open Science Lab at TIB] Hannover.''

Project GitHub repo: https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition 

==== Summary ====
The eight session course covers an introduction to Linked Open Data (LOD) in the context of :

# Open Galleries Libraries Archives and Museums (GLAM), and; 
# The use of Wikimedia Foundation platforms.

The Wikimedia Foundation platforms that will be used are: Wikidata; Wikibase, MediaWiki, and  Wikimedia Commons.

AI LLM will be used in the workflows: Code assistant ''copilot'', and a variety of AI LLM chat services for file generation and configurations to create SPARQL queries, Jinja 2.0 templates, etc. 

„KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) can be used for unmetered ChatGPT5 https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat  

The Methodologies employed are: Open-source software, Open Science, and rapid prototyping.

==== Linked Open Exhibition ====
The question being explored for the class is how can LOD be uséd to benefit museum exhibitions as Linked Open Exhibitions – a record of the exhibition, a catalogues of items in an exhibition, and other important data? As examples '''to gain exhibitions increased visitors numbers and create greater depth of engagement'''.

With a focus of the question on how to make LOD records of '''items in an exhibition'''.

==== Learning points – In order of priority ====

# '''Wikidata/Wikibase LOD concepts:''' Items, Properties, Values, Qualifiers, Wikibase schemas, Classes, Lexemes, Knowledge Base, and Knowledge Graphs.
# '''Linked Open Data (LOD):''' Semantic web, 5 star, RDF/Triples, Ontologies, Taxonomies, and controlled vocabularies.
# '''Using LOD source:''' Identifiers, PIDs, information sources, media sources, and import and export tooling.
# '''Data modelling:''' Methodologies, schema use, visualisation, and testing.
# '''Data workflow tools:''' Git, IDE, AI code assistant (copilot), AI Chat, using Wikimedia Foundation tooling, data import and export tools, generating PIDs and making deposits in a scholarly repository.
# '''Data presentation and data use:''' Wikidata Query Service results, MediaWiki infoboxes, AI Chat SPARQL query processing.
# '''Open Science practice:''' Open-source software, Open Notebook Science, Open Licencing, PIDs, FAIR Data Principles, and ethical and good practice AI use.

==== Sessions ====
The sessions would be about cataloguing Sprengel Museum exhibitions using LOD and how to make visualisations and presentations.

'''Learning to use LOD is the goal of the learning.''' The method will be to build out from a kernel of an ‘exhibition’ and add ‘item in an exhibition’. From the start the students will be the ones who make the LOD. This will start with minimal entries my by the students, then layering these up with – Identifiers, LOD Media sources, schemas, etc. And finally moving onto how to present the data in a way that satisfies the ‘use case’: '''to gain exhibitions increased visitors numbers and create greater depth of engagement'''. Here presentation technologies are used: MediaWiki infoboxes, Wikidata Query Service results, AI Chat SPARQL queries and other features, etc.

===== Session 1: Exhibition timeline creation - build out, add exhibitions =====

# Record minimal information for an exhibition in Wikidata as Linked Open Data: Title, museum, date, etc. e.g., https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 –  See: Table 1: ''Minimal data entries for an exhibition''
# View the exhibition record in Wikidata Query Service results link (timeline and graph https://w.wiki/J8NJ | https://w.wiki/J8aS )
# Review exhibition entries.
# Cover topics raised by making a LOD entry: Wikidata basics, Wikidata good practice, consulting schemas, importance of review and using GitHub Issues, comparing available data – before and after.

===== Session 2: Exhibition cataloguing - build up, add items, artists, catalogues =====

===== Session 3: Museum visit - Sprengel Museum =====

===== Session 4: Schemas and Prototyping (the end of class project) =====

===== Session 5: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====

===== Session 6: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====

===== Session 7: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====

===== Session 8: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====
---

==== Session 1: Exhibition timeline creation - build out, add exhibitions ====
The exercise: Create a Linked Open Data record for an exhibition using Wikidata (minimal entry).

A. '''Creating the exhibition entry in Wikidata.'''

# Login to Wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/
# Have a source at hand to make a data entry, e.g.,
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/ausstellungen/archiv
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised
#* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung%26any&amp;currentPosition=1
# Check there is no existing entry for the exhibition is on Wikidata. Use the search function. 
# Create an item or edit an existing item.
#* Note: Check which language you are using. We will be adding Deutsch and English entries (starting with Deutsch).
# Create the following data entries in Wikidata, see: Table 1: ''Minimal data entries for an exhibition.''
# Review exhibition Wikidata entries. Review is carried out by using three questions. Add comments if needed, corrections can be made. Results and notes can be added to the Discussion Page of the entry, e.g., 
#* All entries present [   ]
#* All entries correct [   ]
#* Entries are in Deutsch and English – within reason [   ]

''Table'' ''1: Minimal data entries for an exhibition''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |'''Fields used to make an exhibition entry. See example: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468'''
|-
|A
|Label
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Note: Keep short. Use title from exhibition
|-
|B
|Description
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Note: Use to differentiate from other entries. Follow this example: Gabriela Jolowicz Holzschnitte Ausstellung im Sprengel Museum, Hannover, 2026
|-
|
|'''Property (P) and Item (Q)'''
|'''URI'''
|'''DE'''
|'''EN'''
|'''Add'''
|'''Note'''
|-
|1
|P31
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31
|ist ein(e)
|instance of
|Q464980
|Add item
|-
|2
|Q464980
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464980
|Ausstellung
|Exhibition
|
|(Used above)
|-
|3
|P1476
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1476
|Titel
|Title
|Title
|Plain text
|-
|4
|P276
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P276
|Ort
|Location
|Sprengel Museum Hannover Q510144
|Add item
|-
|5
|P580
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P580
|Startzeitpunkt
|Start time
|Date
|YYYY-MM-DD
|-
|6
|P582
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P582
|Endzeitpunkt
|End time
|Date
|YYYY-MM-DD
|-
|7
|P1640
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1640
|Kurator
|Curator
|Person
|Add item (if don't exists will need to create/can omit at present)
|-
|8
|P710
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P710
|Teilnehmer
|Participant
|Person (the artist)
|Add item (if don't exists will need to create/can omit at present)
|-
|9
|P856
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P856
|offizielle Website
|Official website
|URL
|URL
|}
'''''End of Session 1.'''''

==== Homework exercises ====

# Complete your allocated exhibition. Make sure all fields are complete from Table 1. If something cannot be added, either: A. Make a note in the exhibition allocation spreadsheet, or B. Send and email to [mailto:Simon.worththington@tib.eu simon.worththington@tib.eu] and I will help resolve your issue.  '''Note: If you did not create an exhibition entry during the class make sure one is complete before the next class.'''
# Create a GitHub account and add your GitHub handle next to your name, column ‘GitHub handle’,  in the exhibition allocation spreadsheet.
# Review your classmates exhibition entries. You have all been allocated a entry to review, see the Exhibition Allocation spreadsheet. Your name will be in column G. This first review has three questions – tick the boxes to show if each item has been complete and either add comments or correct the Wikidata exhibition entry.  '''Note: If your allocated Exhibition entry hasn’t been made by you classmate then please contact them and ask them to complete the entry.'''  Questions are:
## Are all the required fields present?
## Are all the fields correct?
## Is there an Deutsch and English entry?
---

==== Session 2: Exhibition cataloguing - build up, add items, artists, catalogues ====
The session has five exercies:

# Exhibition update
# Artist
# Exhibition catalogue
# AI LLM SPARQL experiments
# &lt;s&gt;Artwork&lt;/s&gt;

The exercises include the following concepts:

==== Exercises ====

==== 1. Exhibition updates ====

* Homework review: Complete all fields for an exhibition. Review your assigned review exhibition answering the three questions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* For the label. Convert words in all caps to sentence case. Use: https://convertcase.net/title-case-converter/ | Change from, e.g., ADRIAN SAUER: TRUTH TABLESPECTRUM INTERNATIONALER PREIS FÜR FOTOGRAFIE DER STIFTUNG NIEDERSACHSEN to  Adrian Sauer: Truth Tablespectrum Internationaler Preis Für Fotografie Der Stiftung Niedersachsen.

* Add the English language versions. Use DeepL to translate: https://www.deepl.com/en/translator
** Title: Add English title

* Add the following. Change P710 Teilnehmer (Participant) to P921 zentrales Thema '''artists name.''' 
** Qualifier on central theme to indicate the person is contributing artwork.

* Use: Qualifier P170 creator and add artist Q483501 (type artists and it will automcomplete)

* Reference: Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID for a person, e.g., Gabriela Jolowicz https://d-nb.info/gnd/134184963 | Search your persons name and copy in the last part of number 134184963
* Talk page: Add in the review questions for your Wikidata entry:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch?&lt;/blockquote&gt;Notice the useful links that tell you more about connected Linked Open Data!

Note: SPARQL query showing data model. Properties and and values. Results: https://w.wiki/JMLX Made with Gemini AI: https://gemini.google.com/share/c43f34a67f67

==== Concepts ====

* Wikidata parts – see about and diagram:
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction/de
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction#/media/File:Datamodel_in_Wikidata.svg
* Applying a review process using Talk pages
* Adding References
* Using a type of LOD source – '''An authority record''' Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm  
* SPARQL query

---

==== 2. Artists ====
The objective here is to ensure all artists have been included in exhibition listing and to then review the existing artists entry.

Later a SPARQL query will be made to compare statements about all the artists in our dataset.

* Before reviewing artists items make sure all artists have been listed in the exhibition item, with qualifier of being an artist and a reference to their GND record.

===== Important statements =====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Concept
|CIDOC CRM (Full)
|Linked Art (Selection)
|Wikidata Equivalent
|Note
|-
|Entity
|E21 Person
|Person
|Q5 (human)
|The base instance.
|-
|Label/Name
|P1 is identified by → E33_E41
|identified_by (Name)
|
|Linked Art flattens this into a simple list of names.
|-
|
|
|
|P735 Given name
|
|-
|
|
|
|P734 Family name
|
|-
|Profession
|P2 has type → E55 Type
|classified_as
|P106 (occupation)
|Map to AAT 300025103 (artist).
|-
|Birth
|P98i was born → E67 Birth
|born (Birth)
|P569 (date of birth)
|CRM treats birth as an event; Wikidata as a property.
|-
|Death
|P100i died in → E69 Death
|died (Death)
|P570 (date of death)
|If the artist is still living, this is omitted.
|-
|Nationality
|P107i member of → E74 Group
|classified_as (Type)
|P27 (citizenship)
|Linked Art often models nationality as a Type.
|-
|Reference
|P1 identifies ← E42 Identifier
|identified_by (Identifier)
|QID (The URI itself)
|Used to link to external authorities (ULAN, VIAF).
|-
|Commons category
|?
|?
|P373 search name
|&lt;nowiki&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|}


From Google Gemini: https://gemini.google.com/share/578cc1b886d0

---

===== Schemas and communities need consulting. =====
From Wikimedia:

* WikiProject Visual Arts: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Visual_arts
* Wikiproject Exhibitions: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Exhibitions

Semi-formal

Generic Wikibase Model for Cultural Data: https://kgi4nfdi.github.io/Guidelines/guide/wikibase/data_modelling_import/

Formal:

CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) - https://cidoc-crm.org/

Linked Art (based on CIDOC) https://linked.art/model/actor/

==== Concepts ====

* Data modeling
* Schemas
* Use case
* Bottom up design
* Identifiers

---

==== 3. Exhibition Catalogue ====
Search in both of these two places to find information about the catalogue for your assigned exhibition.

* Sprengel Museum publication catalogue - https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised
* DND (example) you can search for the exhibition name or Sprengel Museum '''-'''  https://portal.dnb.de/opac/simpleSearch?query=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung&amp;cqlMode=true 

''Note: Make a note of any links you find in the exhibition listings spreadsheet.''

===== Make a Wikidata entry for the catalogue =====
Note: first search for publication before making Wikidata entry. Use title, use ISBN, use GND.

An example publication from DNB and Sprengel Shop.

* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=Gabriela+and+Jolowicz%26any&amp;currentPosition=0
* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised

===== Enter these statements =====
Note: Remember Label and Description
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Property
|Label
|Description/Example
|-
|P31
|instance of
|catalogue (Q2352616)
|-
|P1476
|title
|The official title of the catalogue (e.g., Vermeer and the Masters of Genre Painting)
|-
|P50
|author
|The main curator or art historian (item link)
|-
|P123
|publisher
|The museum or publishing house (e.g., Louvre Museum)
|-
|P577
|publication date
|Year of release (e.g., 2024)
|-
|P212
|ISBN-13
|The 13-digit standard book identifier
|-
|
|GND
|ID
|-
|P973
|described at URL
|A link to the catalogue's page on the museum’s website
|}
Google Gemini  https://gemini.google.com/share/9a21f5522192

Example input: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138646145

===== Link the record back to the exhibition =====
P972	Title

==== Concepts ====

* Data modeling
* Identifier
* Data as CC Zero / Copyright of data
---

==== 4. AI LLM SPARQL experiments ====
The Wikidata has a SPARQL interface where the LOD in Wikidata can be searched (queried) and outputted in a number of ways, formats, and a visualisations. As well as being saved on the web.

We will us AI LLM chat to generate SPARQL queries.

Later we will learn the fundamentals of writing a SPARQL query. But for the moment we want to see how they have be generated, the options, and creative applications.

Using chat services or code assistants can be a valuable way to learn about new technologies.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Service
|Best For
|Standout Feature
|Key Model(s)
|-
|'''ChatGPT'''
|General Use &amp; Tasks
|Deep Research &amp; Agent Mode
|GPT-5.4, GPT-5
|-
|'''Claude'''
|Coding &amp; Writing
|Artifacts (interactive workspace)
|Claude 4.5, 4.6
|-
|'''Google Gemini'''
|Google Ecosystem
|Nano Banana (native image/video)
|Gemini 3.1 Pro
|-
|Perplexity
|Real-time Research
|Native Citations &amp; Search Labs
|Sonar, GPT-5, Claude
|-
|MS Copilot
|Office Productivity
|Copilot Vision &amp; 365 Integration
|GPT-5.2, Prometheus
|-
|DeepSeek
|Logical Reasoning
|High-tier performance at low cost
|DeepSeek-V3, R1
|-
|Grok
|Real-time Social Info
|Unfiltered X (Twitter) integration
|Grok 4.1
|-
|'''Meta AI'''
|Social Media
|Seamless integration in WhatsApp/IG
|Llama 4 (Scout)
|-
|Poe
|Model Testing
|Access multiple LLMs in one app
|Multi-model aggregator
|-
|Mistral (Le Chat)
|Privacy &amp; Developers
|European-hosted, GDPR-focused
|Mistral Large 3
|}
Some of these can also be used via KISSKI

„KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) can be used for unmetered ChatGPT5 https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat  

=== The exercise ===
The group will be split into a number of Zoom breakout groups and then the group spends 20 minutes experimenting generating SPARQL queries and other creative applications.

Paste in results here: https://tib.cloud/apps/files/files/8251374?dir=/NFDI4Culture/HsH/BIM26/bim26-shared&amp;editing=false&amp;openfile=true 

Each room is assigned a Chat engine.

Maximum there will be four groups.

·      Group #1: '''ChatGPT'''

·      Group #2: '''Claude'''

·      Group #3: '''Google Gemini'''

·       Group #4: '''Meta AI'''

=== Example exercise ===
Chat bots can read  a SPARQL query or a Wikidata address.

e.g.,

Item https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468

query graph https://w.wiki/JPNc

query timeline https://w.wiki/JPPN

Item Sprengel Museum https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510144 

Then the chatbot can be instructed to do things based on the information provided.

You should ask the chat bot to generate Wikidata SPARQL queries and then paste the queries into the SPARQL querie interface. https://query.wikidata.org/

Use these examples and invent your own:

# Create dashboard (count of things)
# Create inventory (table)
# Create graph data model

Some output SPARQL queries

·       Map of artists place of birth - https://w.wiki/JPT3 

·       List of exhibitions - https://w.wiki/JPR3 

·       As plot of exhibitions - https://w.wiki/J8aS

==== Homework: Session 2 ====
Create a bottom up  data model of an artwork in an exhibition. Include only the minimum information needed. The result should be a table like the ones presented for exhibition, artist, and catalogue. The table should include properties and attributes. You should consult the schemas mentioned above. You can use AI but attribute the AI and link to your question. If you use AI review the results and make notes about what you changed.

Note: Think about how parts are related and what you need to add and what already exists in Wikidata.

Submit your results as a spreadsheet or table.  

===== Session 3: Museum visit - Sprengel Museum =====
19 March 2026

===== Session #4: Schemas and Prototyping (the end of class project) =====

===== Recap and outline =====
Done

* Creating exhibition entries in Wikidata
* Filling our data models for Artist and Catalogue
* Exploring the museum and its activities to help steer the prototype

To do

* Decide on the ideas for the prototype
* Data model for items in an exhibition (Artwork and Exhibition)
* Complete a data model for the end of the project that can be used by museums and complies to the sector standards – CIDOC and Wikidata.

===== What have we learned about the ‘Museum’s Story’ =====
TBC

===== Schemas =====
An opportunity to become familiar with how Linked Open Data is structured using common agreements on  working practices.

Over the period of the course a data model will be developed and finalised to describe ‘items in an exhibition’. The data model will be published  for community consultation and testing.

===== Schemas and key concepts =====
Table: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP 

* Schema
* Terminology Service
* Controlled Vocabulary
* Taxonomy
* Ontology
* Knowledge Graph

Table X: link: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP Terminology used in Linked Open Data (LOD) 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|-
! **Concept**
! **Wikidata link (Concept)**
! **Primary Focus**
! **Analogy**
! **Example resource**
! **URL**
! **Example use**
! **URL**
|-
| Schema
| Q1397073
| Data Structure
| The Template. Conceptual schema / data model
| Schema.org
| https://schema.org/
| VisualArtwork
| https://schema.org/VisualArtwork
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) &quot;Among the Sierra Nevada, California&quot;
| https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20475372
|-
| Terminology Service
| Q22692845
| Distribution
| A Library of Vocabularies, Schemas, Ontologies, etc
| TIB Terminology Service
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/
| NFDI4CULTURE
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies?and=false&amp;page=1&amp;sortedBy=title&amp;size=10&amp;collection=NFDI4CULTURE
|-
| Controlled Vocabulary
| Q1469824
| Consistency
| The Dictionary
| Integrated Authority File / die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)
| https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showShortList
| Persons: Dürer, Albrecht
| https://d-nb.info/gnd/117751669
|-
| Taxonomy
| Q8269924
| Hierarchy
| Sorting things by type (general classification)
| Getty Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
| https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/
| German Surrealist Max Ernst (painting techniques used)
| https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/conservation-department-new/technical-studies-and-conservation-campaigns/portrait-of-an-artist-at-work-max-ernsts-surrealist-techniques/#:~:text=Frottage%20and%20Grattage,in%20his%20drawings%20in%201925.
|-
|
|
|
|
| Iconclass
| https://iconclass.org/
| Max Ernst’s &quot;The Virgin Spanking the Christ Child&quot; (Parady)
| https://www.wikiart.org/en/max-ernst/the-virgin-spanking-the-christ-child-before-three-witnesses-andre-breton-paul-eluard-and-the-1926
|-
| Ontology
| Q324254
| Semantics: Meaning &amp; logic (information science)
| The Rulebook or Writing Style Guide
| CIDOC (Comité International pour la DOCumentation / International Committee for Documentation)
| https://cidoc-crm.org/
| Sloane Lab Knowledge Base - unifying 3 collections
| https://knowledgebase.sloanelab.org/resource/Start
|-
| Knowledge Graph
| Q33002955
| Network of things and relations
| A Navigational Map
| Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance
| https://www.census.de/
| Artemis search
| https://database.census.de/#/detail/10013099
|-
|
|
|
|
| Research Space
| https://researchspace.org/
| Hokusai: The Great Picture Book of Everything
| https://hokusai-great-picture-book-everything.researchspace.org/resource/rsp:Start
|}

===== Schemas exercise =====
Spreadsheet to work on: https://tib.cloud/s/PicTdwCEqCQ6pBp

(password: bim2026)

We will be looking at: Exhibition, Artist, and Catalogue.

'''''Enter the URLs found. Add new rows, columns, comments if needed. Keep manual searches as well as AI searches for comparison.'''''

===== Exercise #1: Enter links into the spreadsheet of matching items from the following: =====

* Wikidata:WikiProject Exhibitions/Properties
* Generic Wikibase Model for Cultural Data - Wikibase4Research NFDI4Culture
* CIDOC CRM (Full)
* Terminology Service (NFDII4Culture)
* Wikidata

===== Exercise #2: Use AI LLM to find matching items =====

* https://gemini.google.com/ 

==== Prototyping ====
Either in this session or in the next session the group will be divided into teams.

===== Schema =====

# Data model development: ‘items in an exhibition’

===== Quarto publication parts =====

# A catalogue of a Sprengel Museum exhibition
# A catalogue of all exhibitions and exhibition catalogues
# Catalogue of exhibition entries
# A dictionary of terms – people and named entities – from Wikidata

===== Learning to use Quarto and inserting an exhibition entry =====
Tools: Quarto, GitHub, VS Code, Jupyter Notebooks, copilot: Agentic Coding)

'''Requirements'''

# A laptop or computer where you can install VScode
# You will need 2FA on your modile
# Create a GitHub account
# Install VScode
# Connect Github account to VScode
# Create GitHub reposoitory

'''Fork:''' https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype 

'''Model: Auto'''

'''How the repo was setup. Agent promts:''' 

I want to run a Quarto website project, please setup the basics. The project will be published on GitHub Pages. Set the output directory to docs. 

Create a page for the quarto project that retrieves the data used for thie Wikidata item and renders it as  professional webpage &lt;Insert your exhibition here – or use this one&gt;  &lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468&lt;/nowiki&gt; The approach should create a SPARQL query for the data and then render this as HTML using a Jupyter Notebook.

===== Tasks =====

* Change exhibition - manual
* Run Notebook - Agent
* Run and preview Quarto – manual or Agent
* Publish to your GitHub Pages - Agent

===== Step-by-step =====
Part one: Working environment

# Create GitHub account - https://github.com/
# Have 2FA available - usually on mobile (Google authenticator)
# Install VSCode - https://code.visualstudio.com/download
# Install GitHub Desktop - https://desktop.github.com/download/
# Add Github account when prompted, use 2FA

Step two: The prototype

# Fork the repository:  https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype
# Test Quarto in the Terminal: 
## &lt;code&gt;quarto check&lt;/code&gt; 
## &lt;code&gt;quarto render&lt;/code&gt;
## &lt;code&gt;quarto preview&lt;/code&gt; (control C - to stop)
# If not working run Quarto from Agent
# Change Wikidata exhibition in Notebook
# Run notebook
# Run &lt;code&gt;quarto render&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;quarto preview&lt;/code&gt;
# Save all
# Git: Message, Commit and Push
# On GitHub.com your repository
## Turn on Pages: GitHub Actions
## Code: About cog - Click use my GitHub Pages
## Actions tab: Publish Quarto Project
# ENDE - Rinse repeat :-)

===== Homework - session #4 =====

* Get all books from HsH library that are Sprengel Museum exhibition catalogues. Bring to the next class
* Make an exhibition entry if not done
* Work with VSCode and the Agent and experiment
* Add entries from existing ontologies: https://tib.cloud/s/PicTdwCEqCQ6pBp?dir=/&amp;editing=false&amp;openfile=true

==== Sitzung 5: Prototyping: Running Quarto Prototype, Federation, Prototype Teams ====

* Running Quarto Prototype - https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype 
* DNB data download https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition
* Data Federation - WB4R

===== Links =====
https://wikibase.wbworkshop.tibwiki.io/wiki/Main_Page

Glossar - https://nfdi4culture.github.io/linked-open-exhibition/Documentation/glossary

===== DNB Search =====
https://portal.dnb.de/opac/moveDown?currentResultId=Sprengel+and+Museum%26any&amp;categoryId=books

Sprengel Museum, 602 Artikel

'''About the DNB'''
https://www.dnb.de/librarylab
https://deutsche-nationalbibliothek.github.io/jupyterlite/lab/

'''Also'''

https://wiki.dnb.de/spaces/LINKEDDATASERVICE/pages/449878933/DNB+SPARQL+Service+BETA

===== Prototype Teams =====

* DNB Data
* Katalog scan
* Exhibition entries
* Datenmodell (alle)
===== --- =====
[[Category:Wikidata]]</text>
      <sha1>7rrevp9891s3cj7z6dejqv6y2vwm504</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806795</id>
      <parentid>2806786</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T14:29:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mrchristian</username>
        <id>281704</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Learning to use Quarto and inserting an exhibition entry */</comment>
      <origin>2806795</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62144" sha1="a8gtih3s56qmbkbpwj62wx2fgn9kwgi" xml:space="preserve">DE (EN Below)

{{TOCleft}}

==== Linked Open Exhibition ====
''Materialien und Aufgaben für das Modul „BIM-126-02, SoSe 2026, Worthington/Blümel” für Studierende der Hochschule Hannover. Die Materialien werden gemeinsam mit mehreren Kollegen aus dem [https://www.tib.eu/de/forschung-entwicklung/forschungsgruppen-und-labs/open-science Open Science Lab] der TIB Hannover erstellt.''

Projekt-GitHub-Repo: https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition  

==== Zusammenfassung ====
Der achtteilige Kurs bietet eine Einführung in Linked Open Data (LOD) im Kontext von:

# Open Galleries Libraries Archives and Museums (GLAM) und 
# der Nutzung von Plattformen der Wikimedia Foundation.

Die folgenden Plattformen der Wikimedia Foundation werden verwendet: Wikidata, Wikibase, MediaWiki und Wikimedia Commons.

AI LLM wird in den folgenden Workflows verwendet: Code Assistant ''Copilot'' und eine Vielzahl von AI LLM-Chat-Diensten für die Dateierstellung und Konfigurationen zur Erstellung von SPARQL-Abfragen, Jinja 2.0-Vorlagen usw. 

Das „KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) kann für unbegrenztes ChatGPT5 genutzt werden: https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat  

Die verwendeten Methoden sind: Open-Source-Software, Open Science und Rapid Prototyping.

==== Linked Open Exhibition ====
Die Frage, die in diesem Kurs untersucht wird, lautet: Wie kann LOD genutzt werden, um Museumsausstellungen als Linked Open Exhibitions zu verbessern – als Aufzeichnung der Ausstellung, als Katalog der Ausstellungsstücke und für andere wichtige Daten? Als Beispiele '''dienen die Steigerung der Besucherzahlen von Ausstellungen und die Schaffung einer größeren Tiefe des Engagements'''.

Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Frage, wie LOD-Aufzeichnungen von '''Exponaten in einer Ausstellung''' erstellt werden können.

==== Lernpunkte – in der Reihenfolge ihrer Priorität ====

# '''Wikidata/Wikibase LOD-Konzepte:''' Objekte, Eigenschaften, Werte, Qualifikatoren, Wikibase-Schemas, Klassen, Lexeme, Wissensbasis und Wissensgraphen.
# '''Linked Open Data (LOD):''' Semantic Web, 5-Sterne-Bewertung, RDF/Triples, Ontologien, Taxonomien und kontrollierte Vokabulare.
# '''Verwendung von LOD-Quellen:''' Identifikatoren, PIDs, Informationsquellen, Medienquellen sowie Import- und Export-Tools.
# '''Datenmodellierung:''' Methodiken, Schemaverwendung, Visualisierung und Testen.
# '''Daten-Workflow-Tools:''' Git, IDE, KI-Code-Assistent (Copilot), KI-Chat, Verwendung von Wikimedia Foundation-Tools, Datenimport- und -export-Tools, Generierung von PIDs und Hinterlegung in einem wissenschaftlichen Repositorium.
# '''Datenpräsentation und Datennutzung:''' Ergebnisse des Wikidata Query Service, MediaWiki-Infoboxen, Verarbeitung von SPARQL-Abfragen durch KI-Chat.
# '''Open-Science-Praxis:''' Open-Source-Software, Open Notebook Science, Open Licensing, PIDs, FAIR-Datenprinzipien sowie ethische und bewährte Verfahren bei der Nutzung von KI.

==== Sitzungen ====
Die Sitzungen befassen sich mit der Katalogisierung von Ausstellungen des Sprengel Museums unter Verwendung von LOD und der Erstellung von Visualisierungen und Präsentationen.

'''Das Ziel des Lernens ist es, den Umgang''' mit '''LOD''' zu '''erlernen.''' Die Methode besteht darin, ausgehend von einem Kern einer „Ausstellung” „Exponate in einer Ausstellung” hinzuzufügen. Von Anfang an sind es die Studierenden, die die LOD erstellen. Dies beginnt mit minimalen Einträgen der Studierenden, die dann mit Identifikatoren, LOD-Medienquellen, Schemata usw. ergänzt werden. Schließlich wird gezeigt, wie die Daten so präsentiert werden können, dass sie dem „Anwendungsfall” entsprechen: '''die Besucherzahlen der Ausstellungen zu steigern und ein tieferes Engagement zu erreichen'''. Hier kommen Präsentationstechnologien zum Einsatz: MediaWiki-Infoboxen, Ergebnisse des Wikidata Query Service, KI-Chat-SPARQL-Abfragen und andere Funktionen usw.

==== Sitzung 1: Erstellung einer Ausstellung-Zeitleiste – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Ausstellungen ====

# Erfassen Sie minimale Informationen zu einer Ausstellung in Wikidata als Linked Open Data: Titel, Museum, Datum usw. Beispiel: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 –  Siehe: Tabelle1 : ''Minimale Dateneinträge für eine Ausstellung''
# Zeigen Sie den Ausstellungseintrag in Wikidata an Ergebnisse des Abfragedienstes anzeigen Link (Zeitleiste und Grafik https://w.wiki/J8NJ | https://w.wiki/J8aS )
# Überprüfen Sie die Ausstellungseinträge.
# Behandeln Sie Themen, die durch die Erstellung eines LOD-Eintrags aufgeworfen werden: Wikidata-Grundlagen, bewährte Verfahren für Wikidata, Konsultation von Schemata, Bedeutung der Überprüfung und Verwendung von GitHub Issues, Vergleich der verfügbaren Daten – vorher und nachher.

==== Sitzung 2: Ausstellungskatalogisierung – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Objekten, Künstlern, Katalogen ====

==== Sitzung 3: Museumsbesuch – Sprengel Museum (noch zu bestätigen) ====

==== Sitzung 4: Ausstellungskatalogisierung – Massenhinzufügungen: Hinzufügen von Objekten, Künstlern, Katalogen ====

==== Sitzung 5: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====

==== Sitzung 6: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====

==== Sitzung 7: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====

==== Sitzung 8: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====
---

==== Sitzung 1: Erstellung eines Ausstellungskalenders – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Ausstellungen ====
Die Übung: Erstellen Sie einen Linked-Open-Data-Datensatz für eine Ausstellung mit Wikidata (Mindestangaben).

A. '''Erstellen des Ausstellungseintrags in Wikidata.'''

# Anmeldung bei Wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/
# Halten Sie eine Quelle bereit, um Daten einzugeben, z. B.
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/ausstellungen/archiv
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised
#* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung%26any&amp;currentPosition=1  
# Überprüfen Sie, ob es bereits einen Eintrag für die Ausstellung auf Wikidata gibt. Verwenden Sie dazu die Suchfunktion. 
# Erstellen Sie einen Eintrag oder bearbeiten Sie einen bestehenden Eintrag.
#* Hinweis: Überprüfen Sie, welche Sprache Sie verwenden. Wir werden Einträge in Deutsch und Englisch hinzufügen (beginnend mit Deutsch).
# Erstellen Sie die folgenden Dateneinträge in Wikidata, siehe: Tabelle 1: ''Minimale Dateneinträge für eine Ausstellung.''
# Überprüfen Sie die Wikidata-Einträge zur Ausstellung. Die Überprüfung erfolgt anhand von drei Fragen. Fügen Sie bei Bedarf Kommentare hinzu, Korrekturen können vorgenommen werden. Ergebnisse und Anmerkungen können auf der Diskussionsseite des Eintrags hinzugefügt werden, z. B. 
#* Alle Einträge vorhanden [   ]
#* Alle Einträge sind korrekt [   ]
#* Einträge sind in Deutsch und Englisch – im Rahmen des Zumutbaren [   ]

''Tabelle2 : Mindestdaten für einen Ausstellungseintrag''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |'''Felder, die zur Erstellung eines Ausstellungseintrags verwendet werden. Siehe Beispiel: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468''' 
|-
|A
|Beschriftung
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Hinweis: Kurz halten. Titel der Ausstellung verwenden
|-
|B
|Beschreibung
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Hinweis: Zur Unterscheidung von anderen Einträgen verwenden. Folgen Sie diesem Beispiel: Gabriela Jolowicz Holzschnitte Ausstellung im Sprengel Museum, Hannover, 2026
|-
|
|'''Eigentum (P) und Objekt (Q)'''
|'''URI'''
|'''DE'''
|
|'''Hinzufügen'''
|'''Anmerkung'''
|-
|1
|P31
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31
|ist ein(e)
|Instanz von
|Q464980
|Element hinzufügen
|-
|2
|Q464980
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464980
|Ausstellung
|Ausstellung
|
|(oben verwendet)
|-
|3
|P1476
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1476
|Titel
|Titel
|Titel
|Klartext
|-
|4
|P276
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P276
|Ort
|Standort
|Sprengel Museum Hannover Q510144
|Artikel hinzufügen
|-
|5
|P580
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P580
|Startzeitpunkt
|Startzeit
|Datum
|JJJJ-MM-TT
|-
|6
|P582
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P582
|Endzeitpunkt
|Endzeit
|Datum
|JJJJ-MM-TT
|-
|7
|P1640
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1640
|Kurator
|Kurator
|Person
|Element hinzufügen (falls nicht vorhanden, muss erstellt werden/kann derzeit weggelassen werden)
|-
|8
|P710
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P710
|Teilnehmer
|Teilnehmer
|Person (der Künstler)
|Element hinzufügen (falls nicht vorhanden, muss erstellt werden/kann derzeit weggelassen werden)
|-
|9
|P856
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P856
|Offizielle Website
|Offizielle Website
|URL
|URL
|}
Ende von Sitzung 1.

==== Hausaufgabenübungen ====
1. Vervollständigen Sie Ihre zugewiesene Ausstellung. Stellen Sie sicher, dass alle Felder aus Tabelle 1 ausgefüllt sind. Wenn etwas nicht hinzugefügt werden kann, haben Sie zwei Möglichkeiten: A. Machen Sie eine Notiz in der Tabelle zur Ausstellungszuweisung oder B. Senden Sie eine E-Mail an  [mailto:Simon.worththington@tib.eu simon.worththington@tib.eu] , damit ich Ihnen bei der Lösung Ihres Problems helfen kann.

'''Hinweis: Wenn Sie während des Unterrichts keinen Ausstellungseintrag erstellt haben, stellen Sie sicher, dass dieser vor der nächsten Unterrichtsstunde fertiggestellt ist.'''

2. Erstellen Sie ein GitHub-Konto und fügen Sie Ihren GitHub-Namen neben Ihrem Namen in der Spalte „GitHub-Name” in der Tabelle zur Zuweisung der Ausstellungen hinzu.

3. Überprüfen Sie die Ausstellungseinträge Ihrer Klassenkameraden. Ihnen wurde allen ein Eintrag zur Überprüfung zugewiesen, siehe Tabelle zur Zuweisung der Ausstellungen. Ihr Name steht in Spalte G. Diese erste Überprüfung umfasst drei Fragen – kreuzen Sie die Kästchen an, um anzuzeigen, ob jeder Punkt ausgefüllt wurde, und fügen Sie entweder Kommentare hinzu oder korrigieren Sie den Wikidata-Ausstellungseintrag.

'''Hinweis: Wenn der Ihnen zugewiesene Ausstellungseintrag nicht von Ihrem Klassenkameraden erstellt wurde, kontaktieren Sie ihn bitte und bitten Sie ihn, den Eintrag zu vervollständigen.'''

Die Fragen lauten:

1. Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

2. Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

3. Gibt es einen deutschen und einen englischen Eintrag?

---

=== Sitzung 2: Ausstellungskatalogisierung – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Objekten, Künstlern, Katalogen ===

==== Die Sitzung umfasst fünf Übungen: ====

# Ausstellungsaktualisierung
# Künstler
# Ausstellungskatalog
# AI LLM SPARQL-Experimente
# &lt;s&gt;Kunstwerk&lt;/s&gt;

==== Die Übungen umfassen die folgenden Konzepte: ====

==== Übungen ====

==== 1. Aktualisierung der Ausstellung ====

* Hausaufgabenüberprüfung: Füllen Sie alle Felder für eine Ausstellung aus. Überprüfen Sie die Ihnen zugewiesene Ausstellung, indem Sie die folgenden drei Fragen beantworten:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* Für das Label. Wandeln Sie Wörter in Großbuchstaben in Satzschrift um. Verwenden Sie: https://convertcase.net/title-case-converter/ | Ändern Sie z. B. ADRIAN SAUER: TRUTH TABLESPECTRUM INTERNATIONALER PREIS FÜR FOTOGRAFIE DER STIFTUNG NIEDERSACHSEN in Adrian Sauer: Truth Tablespectrum Internationaler Preis Für Fotografie Der Stiftung Niedersachsen.
* Fügen Sie die englischen Versionen hinzu. Verwenden Sie DeepL zum Übersetzen: https://www.deepl.com/en/translator
** Titel: Fügen Sie den englischen Titel hinzu
* Fügen Sie Folgendes hinzu. Ändern Sie P710 Teilnehmer (Participant) in P921 zentrales Thema artists name.
** Qualifier zum zentralen Thema, um anzugeben, dass die Person Kunstwerke beisteuert.
* Verwenden Sie: Qualifier P170 creator und fügen Sie artist Q483501 hinzu (geben Sie „Künstler” ein, es wird automatisch vervollständigt)
* Referenz: Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID für eine Person, z. B. Gabriela Jolowicz https://d-nb.info/gnd/134184963 | Suchen Sie den Namen der Person und kopieren Sie den letzten Teil der Nummer 134184963
* Diskussionsseite: Fügen Sie die Überprüfungsfragen für Ihren Wikidata-Eintrag hinzu:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch?&lt;/blockquote&gt;Beachten Sie die nützlichen Links, die Ihnen mehr über verbundene Linked Open Data verraten!

Hinweis: SPARQL-Abfrage zur Anzeige des Datenmodells. Eigenschaften und Werte. Ergebnisse: https://w.wiki/JMLX Erstellt mit Gemini AI: https://gemini.google.com/share/c43f34a67f67

==== Konzepte ====

* Wikidata-Teile – siehe Informationen und Diagramm:
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction/de
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction#/media/File:Datamodel_in_Wikidata.svg
* Anwendung eines Überprüfungsprozesses mithilfe von Diskussionsseiten
* Hinzufügen von Referenzen
* Verwendung einer LOD-Quelle – Ein Normdatensatz Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID &lt;nowiki&gt;https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* SPARQL-Abfrage
---

==== 2. Künstler ====
Das Ziel hierbei ist es, sicherzustellen, dass alle Künstler in die Ausstellungsliste aufgenommen wurden, und anschließend die bestehenden Künstlereinträge zu überprüfen.

Später wird eine SPARQL-Abfrage durchgeführt, um Aussagen über alle Künstler in unserem Datensatz zu vergleichen.

Bevor Sie die Künstereinträge überprüfen, stellen Sie sicher, dass alle Künstler im Ausstellungseintrag aufgeführt sind, mit dem Qualifikationsmerkmal „Künstler” und einem Verweis auf ihren GND-Datensatz.

==== Wichtige Aussagen ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Concept
|CIDOC CRM (Full)
|Linked Art (Selection)
|Wikidata Equivalent
|Note
|-
|Entity
|E21 Person
|Person
|Q5 (human)
|The base instance.
|-
|Label/Name
|P1 is identified by → E33_E41
|identified_by (Name)
|
|Linked Art flattens this into a simple list of names.
|-
|
|
|
|P735 Given name
|
|-
|
|
|
|P734 Family name
|
|-
|Profession
|P2 has type → E55 Type
|classified_as
|P106 (occupation)
|Map to AAT 300025103 (artist).
|-
|Birth
|P98i was born → E67 Birth
|born (Birth)
|P569 (date of birth)
|CRM treats birth as an event; Wikidata as a property.
|-
|Death
|P100i died in → E69 Death
|died (Death)
|P570 (date of death)
|If the artist is still living, this is omitted.
|-
|Nationality
|P107i member of → E74 Group
|classified_as (Type)
|P27 (citizenship)
|Linked Art often models nationality as a Type.
|-
|Reference
|P1 identifies ← E42 Identifier
|identified_by (Identifier)
|QID (The URI itself)
|Used to link to external authorities (ULAN, VIAF).
|-
|Commons category
|?
|?
|P373 search name
|&lt;nowiki&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|}


Aus Google Gemini: https://gemini.google.com/share/578cc1b886d0

---

==== Schemas und Communities benötigen Beratung. ====
'''Aus Wikimedia:'''

WikiProject Visual Arts: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Visual_arts

Wikiproject Exhibitions: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Exhibitions

'''Halbformell'''

Generisches Wikibase-Modell für Kulturdaten: https://kgi4nfdi.github.io/Guidelines/guide/wikibase/data_modelling_import/

'''Formell:'''

CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) – https://cidoc-crm.org/

Linked Art (basierend auf CIDOC) https://linked.art/model/actor/

==== Konzepte ====

* Datenmodellierung
* Schemas
* Anwendungsfall
* Bottom-up-Design
* Identifikatoren

---

==== 3. Ausstellungskatalog ====
Suchen Sie an beiden Orten nach Informationen zum Katalog Ihrer zugewiesenen Ausstellung.

Sprengel Museum Publikationskatalog – https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised

DND (Beispiel) Sie können nach dem Namen der Ausstellung oder dem Sprengel Museum suchen – https://portal.dnb.de/opac/simpleSearch?query=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung&amp;cqlMode=true

Hinweis: Notieren Sie sich alle Links, die Sie in der Tabelle mit den Ausstellungslisten finden.

===== Erstellen Sie einen Wikidata-Eintrag für den Katalog. =====
Hinweis: Suchen Sie zunächst nach der Veröffentlichung, bevor Sie einen Wikidata-Eintrag erstellen. Verwenden Sie den Titel, die ISBN und die GND.

Ein Beispiel für eine Veröffentlichung aus DNB und Sprengel Shop.

* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=Gabriela+and+Jolowicz%26any&amp;currentPosition=0
* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised

===== Geben Sie diese Angaben ein =====
Hinweis: Denken Sie an die Bezeichnung und Beschreibung
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Property
|Label
|Description/Example
|-
|P31
|instance of
|catalogue (Q2352616)
|-
|P1476
|title
|The official title of the catalogue (e.g., Vermeer and the Masters of Genre Painting)
|-
|P50
|author
|The main curator or art historian (item link)
|-
|P123
|publisher
|The museum or publishing house (e.g., Louvre Museum)
|-
|P577
|publication date
|Year of release (e.g., 2024)
|-
|P212
|ISBN-13
|The 13-digit standard book identifier
|-
|
|GND
|ID
|-
|P973
|described at URL
|A link to the catalogue's page on the museum’s website
|}
Google Gemini https://gemini.google.com/share/9a21f5522192

Beispiel für eine Eingabe: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138646145

==== Verlinken Sie den Datensatz zurück zur Ausstellung. ====
P972     &gt;      Titel

==== Konzepte ====

* Datenmodellierung
* Identifikator
* Daten als CC Zero / Urheberrecht der Daten

---

==== 4. AI LLM SPARQL-Experimente ====
Wikidata verfügt über eine SPARQL-Schnittstelle, über die die LOD in Wikidata durchsucht (abgefragt) und auf verschiedene Arten, in verschiedenen Formaten und Visualisierungen ausgegeben werden kann. Außerdem kann sie im Web gespeichert werden.

Wir werden den AI LLM-Chat verwenden, um SPARQL-Abfragen zu generieren.

Später werden wir die Grundlagen des Schreibens einer SPARQL-Abfrage lernen. Aber zunächst wollen wir sehen, wie sie generiert werden, welche Optionen es gibt und wie sie kreativ eingesetzt werden können.

Die Verwendung von Chat-Diensten oder Code-Assistenten kann eine wertvolle Möglichkeit sein, um neue Technologien kennenzulernen.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Service
|Best For
|Standout Feature
|Key Model(s)
|-
|'''ChatGPT'''
|General Use &amp; Tasks
|Deep Research &amp; Agent Mode
|GPT-5.4, GPT-5
|-
|'''Claude'''
|Coding &amp; Writing
|Artifacts (interactive workspace)
|Claude 4.5, 4.6
|-
|'''Google Gemini'''
|Google Ecosystem
|Nano Banana (native image/video)
|Gemini 3.1 Pro
|-
|Perplexity
|Real-time Research
|Native Citations &amp; Search Labs
|Sonar, GPT-5, Claude
|-
|MS Copilot
|Office Productivity
|Copilot Vision &amp; 365 Integration
|GPT-5.2, Prometheus
|-
|DeepSeek
|Logical Reasoning
|High-tier performance at low cost
|DeepSeek-V3, R1
|-
|Grok
|Real-time Social Info
|Unfiltered X (Twitter) integration
|Grok 4.1
|-
|'''Meta AI'''
|Social Media
|Seamless integration in WhatsApp/IG
|Llama 4 (Scout)
|-
|Poe
|Model Testing
|Access multiple LLMs in one app
|Multi-model aggregator
|-
|Mistral (Le Chat)
|Privacy &amp; Developers
|European-hosted, GDPR-focused
|Mistral Large 3
|}
Einige davon können auch über KISSKI genutzt werden.

Das „KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) kann für unbegrenztes ChatGPT5 genutzt werden: https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat

==== Die Übung ====
Die Gruppe wird in mehrere Zoom-Breakout-Gruppen aufgeteilt und verbringt dann 20 Minuten damit, SPARQL-Abfragen und andere kreative Anwendungen zu generieren.

Fügen Sie die Ergebnisse hier ein: https://tib.cloud/apps/files/files/8251374?dir=/NFDI4Culture/HsH/BIM26/bim26-shared&amp;editing=false&amp;openfile=true

Jedem Raum wird eine Chat-Engine zugewiesen.

Es gibt maximal vier Gruppen.

·      Gruppe Nr. 1: ChatGPT

·      Gruppe Nr. 2: Claude

·      Gruppe Nr. 3: Google Gemini

·       Gruppe Nr. 4: Meta AI

==== Beispielübung ====
Chatbots können eine SPARQL-Abfrage oder eine Wikidata-Adresse lesen.

z. B.

* Artikel https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468
* Abfragegrafik https://w.wiki/JPNc
* Abfragetidsachse https://w.wiki/JPPN
* Artikel Sprengel Museum https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510144

Anschließend kann der Chatbot angewiesen werden, auf Grundlage der bereitgestellten Informationen bestimmte Aktionen auszuführen.

Sie sollten den Chatbot bitten, Wikidata-SPARQL-Abfragen zu generieren, und diese Abfragen dann in die SPARQL-Abfrageoberfläche einfügen. https://query.wikidata.org/

Verwenden Sie diese Beispiele und entwickeln Sie Ihre eigenen:

# Dashboard erstellen (Anzahl der Dinge)
# Inventar erstellen (Tabelle)
# Graphdatenmodell erstellen

Einige SPARQL-Abfragen

·       Karte der Geburtsorte von Künstlern – https://w.wiki/JPT3

·       Liste der Ausstellungen – https://w.wiki/JPR3

·       Als Darstellung der Ausstellungen – https://w.wiki/J8aS

==== Hausaufgabe: Sitzung 2 ====
Erstellen Sie ein Bottom-up-Datenmodell eines Kunstwerks in einer Ausstellung. Fügen Sie nur die minimal erforderlichen Informationen hinzu. Das Ergebnis sollte eine Tabelle sein, wie sie für Ausstellung, Künstler und Katalog dargestellt wird. Die Tabelle sollte Eigenschaften und Attribute enthalten. Sie sollten die oben genannten Schemata zu Rate ziehen. Sie können KI verwenden, aber geben Sie die KI an und verlinken Sie sie mit Ihrer Frage. Wenn Sie KI verwenden, überprüfen Sie die Ergebnisse und machen Sie sich Notizen darüber, was Sie geändert haben.

Hinweis: Überlegen Sie, wie die Teile miteinander in Beziehung stehen, was Sie hinzufügen müssen und was bereits in Wikidata vorhanden ist.

Reichen Sie Ihre Ergebnisse als Tabelle oder Spreadsheet ein.

---

==== Sitzung 3: Museumsbesuch – Sprengel Museum ====
19 März 2026

ENDE
==== Sitzung Nr. 4: Schemata und Prototyping (Abschlussprojekt) ====

===== Zusammenfassung und Überblick =====
Erledigt

* 	Erstellen von Ausstellungs-Einträgen in Wikidata
* 	Befüllen unserer Datenmodelle für „Künstler“ und „Katalog“
* Erkundung	des Museums und seiner Aktivitäten, um den Prototyp zu steuern

Zu erledigen

* 	Entscheidung über die Ideen für den Prototyp
* 	Datenmodell für Objekte in einer Ausstellung (Kunstwerk und	Ausstellung)
* Erstellen	eines Datenmodells zum Projektende, das von Museen genutzt werden	kann und den Branchenstandards – CIDOC und Wikidata –	entspricht.

===== Was haben wir über die „Geschichte des Museums“ gelernt? =====
TBC

===== Schemas =====
Eine Gelegenheit, sich mit der Struktur von Linked Open Data anhand gemeinsamer Vereinbarungen zu Arbeitspraktiken vertraut zu machen.

Im Laufe des Kurses wird ein Datenmodell entwickelt und fertiggestellt, um „Objekte in einer Ausstellung“ zu beschreiben. Das Datenmodell wird zur Konsultation und zum Testen durch die Community veröffentlicht.

===== Schemas und Schlüsselkonzepte =====
Tabelle: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP

* 	Schema
* 	Terminologiedienst
* 	Kontrolliertes Vokabular
* 	Taxonomie
* 	Ontologie
* Wissensgraph


Tabelle X: Link: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP In Linked Open Data (LOD) verwendete Terminologie

DE
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!   Konzept
!   Wikidata-Link (Konzept)
!   Hauptschwerpunkt
!   Analogie
!   Beispielressource
!   URL
!   Anwendungsbeispiel
!   URL
|-
|   Schema
|   Q1397073
|   Datenstruktur
|   Die Vorlage. Konzeptionelles Schema / Datenmodell
|   Schema.org
|   [https://schema.org/]
|   VisualArtwork
|   [https://schema.org/VisualArtwork]
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|   Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) „In der Sierra Nevada,   Kalifornien“
|   [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20475372]
|-
|   Terminologiedienst
|   Q22692845
|   Verbreitung
|   Eine Bibliothek mit Vokabularen, Schemata, Ontologien usw.
|   TIB-Terminologiedienst
|   [https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/]
|   NFDI4CULTURE
|   [https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies?and=false&amp;page=1&amp;sortedBy=title&amp;size=10&amp;collection=NFDI4CULTURE]
|-
|   Kontrolliertes Vokabular
|   Q1469824
|   Konsistenz
|   Das Wörterbuch
|   Integrierte Normdatei / die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)
|   [https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showShortList]
|   Personen: Dürer, Albrecht
|   [https://d-nb.info/gnd/117751669]
|-
|   Taxonomie
|   Q8269924
|   Hierarchie
|   Sortierung nach Typ (allgemeine Klassifizierung)
|   Getty Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
|   [https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/]
|   Deutscher Surrealist Max Ernst (verwendete Maltechniken)
|[https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/conservation-department-new/technical-studies-and-conservation-campaigns/portrait-of-an-artist-at-work-max-ernsts-surrealist-techniques/#:~:text=Frottage%20und%20Grattage,in%20seinen%20Zeichnungen%20von%201925].
|-
|
|
|
|
|   Iconclass
|   [https://iconclass.org/]
|   Max Ernsts „Die Jungfrau, die das Christkind versohlt“   (Parady)
|   [https://www.wikiart.org/en/max-ernst/the-virgin-spanking-the-christ-child-before-three-witnesses-andre-breton-paul-eluard-and-the-1926]
|-
|   Ontologie
|   Q324254
|   Semantik: Bedeutung &amp; Logik (Informationswissenschaft)
|   Das Regelwerk oder der Stilführer
|   CIDOC (Comité International pour la DOCumentation /   Internationales Komitee für Dokumentation)
|   [https://cidoc-crm.org/]
|   Sloane Lab Knowledge Base – Zusammenführung von 3 Sammlungen
|   [https://knowledgebase.sloanelab.org/resource/Start]
|-
|   Wissensgraph
|   Q33002955
|   Netzwerk von Dingen und Beziehungen
|   Eine Navigationskarte
|   Verzeichnis antiker Kunstwerke und architektonischer Bauwerke, die   in der Renaissance bekannt waren
|   [https://www.census.de/]
|   Artemis-Suche
|   [https://database.census.de/#/detail/10013099]
|-
|
|
|
|
|   Forschungsbereich
|   [https://researchspace.org/]
|   Hokusai: Das große Bilderbuch von allem
|[https://hokusai-great-picture-book-everything.researchspace.org/resource/rsp:Start]
|}

EN
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|-
! **Concept**
! **Wikidata link (Concept)**
! **Primary Focus**
! **Analogy**
! **Example resource**
! **URL**
! **Example use**
! **URL**
|-
| Schema
| Q1397073
| Data Structure
| The Template. Conceptual schema / data model
| Schema.org
| https://schema.org/
| VisualArtwork
| https://schema.org/VisualArtwork
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) &quot;Among the Sierra Nevada, California&quot;
| https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20475372
|-
| Terminology Service
| Q22692845
| Distribution
| A Library of Vocabularies, Schemas, Ontologies, etc
| TIB Terminology Service
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/
| NFDI4CULTURE
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies?and=false&amp;page=1&amp;sortedBy=title&amp;size=10&amp;collection=NFDI4CULTURE
|-
| Controlled Vocabulary
| Q1469824
| Consistency
| The Dictionary
| Integrated Authority File / die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)
| https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showShortList
| Persons: Dürer, Albrecht
| https://d-nb.info/gnd/117751669
|-
| Taxonomy
| Q8269924
| Hierarchy
| Sorting things by type (general classification)
| Getty Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
| https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/
| German Surrealist Max Ernst (painting techniques used)
| https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/conservation-department-new/technical-studies-and-conservation-campaigns/portrait-of-an-artist-at-work-max-ernsts-surrealist-techniques/#:~:text=Frottage%20and%20Grattage,in%20his%20drawings%20in%201925.
|-
|
|
|
|
| Iconclass
| https://iconclass.org/
| Max Ernst’s &quot;The Virgin Spanking the Christ Child&quot; (Parady)
| https://www.wikiart.org/en/max-ernst/the-virgin-spanking-the-christ-child-before-three-witnesses-andre-breton-paul-eluard-and-the-1926
|-
| Ontology
| Q324254
| Semantics: Meaning &amp; logic (information science)
| The Rulebook or Writing Style Guide
| CIDOC (Comité International pour la DOCumentation / International Committee for Documentation)
| https://cidoc-crm.org/
| Sloane Lab Knowledge Base - unifying 3 collections
| https://knowledgebase.sloanelab.org/resource/Start
|-
| Knowledge Graph
| Q33002955
| Network of things and relations
| A Navigational Map
| Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance
| https://www.census.de/
| Artemis search
| https://database.census.de/#/detail/10013099
|-
|
|
|
|
| Research Space
| https://researchspace.org/
| Hokusai: The Great Picture Book of Everything
| https://hokusai-great-picture-book-everything.researchspace.org/resource/rsp:Start
|}


===== Schema-Übung =====
Zu bearbeitende Tabelle: https://tib.cloud/s/PicTdwCEqCQ6pBp

(Passwort: bim2026)

Wir werden uns mit folgenden Themen befassen: Ausstellung, Künstler und Katalog.

'''''Geben Sie die gefundenen URLs ein. Fügen Sie bei Bedarf neue Zeilen, Spalten und Kommentare hinzu. Führen Sie sowohl manuelle als auch KI-Suchen durch, um die Ergebnisse zu vergleichen.'''''

===== Übung Nr. 1: Trage Links zu passenden Elementen aus den folgenden Quellen in die Tabelle ein: =====

* 	Wikidata:WikiProject Exhibitions/Properties
* 	Generisches Wikibase-Modell für Kulturdaten – Wikibase4Research	NFDI4Culture
* 	CIDOC CRM (vollständig)
* 	Terminologiedienst (NFDII4Culture)
* Wikidata

===== Übung Nr. 2: Verwenden Sie KI-LLM, um passende Elemente zu finden =====

* &lt;nowiki&gt;https://gemini.google.com/&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==== Prototyping ====
Entweder in dieser oder in der nächsten Sitzung wird die Gruppe in Teams aufgeteilt.

===== Schema =====

# 	Entwicklung eines Datenmodells: „Objekte in einer Ausstellung“

===== Teile der Quarto-Publikation =====

# 	Ein Katalog einer Ausstellung des Sprengel Museums
# 	Ein Katalog aller Ausstellungen und Ausstellungskataloge
# 	Katalog der Ausstellungsbeiträge
# Ein Glossar	mit Begriffen – Personen und benannte Entitäten – aus Wikidata

===== Einführung in Quarto und Einfügen eines Ausstellungsbeitrags =====
Tools: Quarto, GitHub, VS Code, Jupyter Notebooks, Copilot: Agentic Coding)

'''Voraussetzungen'''

# 	Ein Laptop oder Computer, auf dem Sie VScode installieren können
# 	Sie benötigen 2FA auf Ihrem Mobilgerät
# 	Erstellen Sie ein GitHub-Konto
# 	Installiere VScode
# 	Verbinden Sie Ihr GitHub-Konto mit VScode
# Erstellen	Sie ein GitHub-Repository

'''Klonen:''' https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype

'''Modell: Auto'''

'''So wurde das Repo eingerichtet. Agent-Eingabeaufforderungen:'''

Ich möchte ein Quarto-Website-Projekt ausführen, bitte richte die Grundlagen ein. Das Projekt wird auf GitHub Pages veröffentlicht. Lege das Ausgabeverzeichnis auf „docs“ fest.

Erstellen Sie eine Seite für das Quarto-Projekt, die die für diesen Wikidata-Eintrag verwendeten Daten abruft und als professionelle Webseite rendert &lt;Fügen Sie hier Ihre Ausstellung ein – oder verwenden Sie diese&gt; https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 Der Ansatz sollte eine SPARQL-Abfrage für die Daten erstellen und diese dann mithilfe eines Jupyter-Notebooks als HTML rendern.

===== Aufgaben =====

* 	Ausstellung ändern – manuell
* 	Notebook ausführen – Agent
* 	Quarto ausführen und Vorschau anzeigen – manuell oder Agent
* Auf Ihren	GitHub Pages veröffentlichen – Agent

===== Schritt für Schritt =====
Teil 1: Arbeitsumgebung

# Erstelle ein GitHub-Konto – &lt;nowiki&gt;https://github.com/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# Richte die Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung (2FA) ein – in der Regel auf dem Handy (Google Authenticator)
# Installiere VSCode – https://code.visualstudio.com/download
# Installiere GitHub Desktop – https://desktop.github.com/download/
# Füge dein GitHub-Konto hinzu, wenn du dazu aufgefordert wirst, und verwende die 2FA

Schritt 2: Der Prototyp

# Forken Sie das Repository: https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype
# Testen Sie Quarto im Terminal:
## quarto check
## quarto render
## quarto preview (Strg+C – zum Beenden)
# Falls es nicht funktioniert, führen Sie Quarto über den Agent aus
# Ändern Sie die Wikidata-Ausstellung im Notebook
# Notebook ausführen
# quarto render und quarto preview ausführen
# Alles speichern
# Git: Nachricht, Commit und Push
# Auf GitHub.com dein Repository
## Seiten aktivieren: GitHub Actions
## Code: Über das Zahnrad – Klicke auf „Meine GitHub Pages verwenden“
## Registerkarte „Actions“: Quarto-Projekt veröffentlichen
# ENDE – Wiederholen :-)

===== Hausaufgabe – Sitzung Nr. 4 =====

* 	Hol alle Bücher aus der HsH-Bibliothek, die Ausstellungskataloge	des Sprengel Museums sind. Bring sie zur nächsten Vorlesung mit
* 	Erstelle einen Ausstellungs-Eintrag, falls noch nicht geschehen
* Arbeite mit	VSCode und dem Agent und experimentiere

==== Sitzung 5: Prototypenerstellung: Running Quarto Prototype, Federation, Prototype Teams ====

* Running Quarto Prototype - wie oben - https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype 
* DNB data download https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition
* Data Federation - WB4R 

===== Links =====
https://wikibase.wbworkshop.tibwiki.io/wiki/Main_Page

Glossar - https://nfdi4culture.github.io/linked-open-exhibition/Documentation/glossary

===== DNB Suche =====
https://portal.dnb.de/opac/moveDown?currentResultId=Sprengel+and+Museum%26any&amp;categoryId=books
Sprengel Museum, 602 Artikel
'''Über die Dienstleistungen von DNB'''
https://www.dnb.de/librarylab
https://deutsche-nationalbibliothek.github.io/jupyterlite/lab/
'''AUCH'''
https://wiki.dnb.de/spaces/LINKEDDATASERVICE/pages/449878933/DNB+SPARQL+Service+BETA

===== Prototype Teams =====

* DNB-Daten
* Katalog durchsuchen
* Ausstellungsbeiträge
* Vollständiges Datenmodell (alle)


ENDE

---

== EN ==

''Materials and Tasks for the module &quot;BIM-126-02, SoSe 2026, Worthington/Blümel&quot; for students at Hochschule Hannover. The materials are prepared with several colleagues from the [https://www.tib.eu/de/forschung-entwicklung/forschungsgruppen-und-labs/open-science Open Science Lab at TIB] Hannover.''

Project GitHub repo: https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition 

==== Summary ====
The eight session course covers an introduction to Linked Open Data (LOD) in the context of :

# Open Galleries Libraries Archives and Museums (GLAM), and; 
# The use of Wikimedia Foundation platforms.

The Wikimedia Foundation platforms that will be used are: Wikidata; Wikibase, MediaWiki, and  Wikimedia Commons.

AI LLM will be used in the workflows: Code assistant ''copilot'', and a variety of AI LLM chat services for file generation and configurations to create SPARQL queries, Jinja 2.0 templates, etc. 

„KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) can be used for unmetered ChatGPT5 https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat  

The Methodologies employed are: Open-source software, Open Science, and rapid prototyping.

==== Linked Open Exhibition ====
The question being explored for the class is how can LOD be uséd to benefit museum exhibitions as Linked Open Exhibitions – a record of the exhibition, a catalogues of items in an exhibition, and other important data? As examples '''to gain exhibitions increased visitors numbers and create greater depth of engagement'''.

With a focus of the question on how to make LOD records of '''items in an exhibition'''.

==== Learning points – In order of priority ====

# '''Wikidata/Wikibase LOD concepts:''' Items, Properties, Values, Qualifiers, Wikibase schemas, Classes, Lexemes, Knowledge Base, and Knowledge Graphs.
# '''Linked Open Data (LOD):''' Semantic web, 5 star, RDF/Triples, Ontologies, Taxonomies, and controlled vocabularies.
# '''Using LOD source:''' Identifiers, PIDs, information sources, media sources, and import and export tooling.
# '''Data modelling:''' Methodologies, schema use, visualisation, and testing.
# '''Data workflow tools:''' Git, IDE, AI code assistant (copilot), AI Chat, using Wikimedia Foundation tooling, data import and export tools, generating PIDs and making deposits in a scholarly repository.
# '''Data presentation and data use:''' Wikidata Query Service results, MediaWiki infoboxes, AI Chat SPARQL query processing.
# '''Open Science practice:''' Open-source software, Open Notebook Science, Open Licencing, PIDs, FAIR Data Principles, and ethical and good practice AI use.

==== Sessions ====
The sessions would be about cataloguing Sprengel Museum exhibitions using LOD and how to make visualisations and presentations.

'''Learning to use LOD is the goal of the learning.''' The method will be to build out from a kernel of an ‘exhibition’ and add ‘item in an exhibition’. From the start the students will be the ones who make the LOD. This will start with minimal entries my by the students, then layering these up with – Identifiers, LOD Media sources, schemas, etc. And finally moving onto how to present the data in a way that satisfies the ‘use case’: '''to gain exhibitions increased visitors numbers and create greater depth of engagement'''. Here presentation technologies are used: MediaWiki infoboxes, Wikidata Query Service results, AI Chat SPARQL queries and other features, etc.

===== Session 1: Exhibition timeline creation - build out, add exhibitions =====

# Record minimal information for an exhibition in Wikidata as Linked Open Data: Title, museum, date, etc. e.g., https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 –  See: Table 1: ''Minimal data entries for an exhibition''
# View the exhibition record in Wikidata Query Service results link (timeline and graph https://w.wiki/J8NJ | https://w.wiki/J8aS )
# Review exhibition entries.
# Cover topics raised by making a LOD entry: Wikidata basics, Wikidata good practice, consulting schemas, importance of review and using GitHub Issues, comparing available data – before and after.

===== Session 2: Exhibition cataloguing - build up, add items, artists, catalogues =====

===== Session 3: Museum visit - Sprengel Museum =====

===== Session 4: Schemas and Prototyping (the end of class project) =====

===== Session 5: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====

===== Session 6: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====

===== Session 7: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====

===== Session 8: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====
---

==== Session 1: Exhibition timeline creation - build out, add exhibitions ====
The exercise: Create a Linked Open Data record for an exhibition using Wikidata (minimal entry).

A. '''Creating the exhibition entry in Wikidata.'''

# Login to Wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/
# Have a source at hand to make a data entry, e.g.,
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/ausstellungen/archiv
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised
#* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung%26any&amp;currentPosition=1
# Check there is no existing entry for the exhibition is on Wikidata. Use the search function. 
# Create an item or edit an existing item.
#* Note: Check which language you are using. We will be adding Deutsch and English entries (starting with Deutsch).
# Create the following data entries in Wikidata, see: Table 1: ''Minimal data entries for an exhibition.''
# Review exhibition Wikidata entries. Review is carried out by using three questions. Add comments if needed, corrections can be made. Results and notes can be added to the Discussion Page of the entry, e.g., 
#* All entries present [   ]
#* All entries correct [   ]
#* Entries are in Deutsch and English – within reason [   ]

''Table'' ''1: Minimal data entries for an exhibition''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |'''Fields used to make an exhibition entry. See example: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468'''
|-
|A
|Label
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Note: Keep short. Use title from exhibition
|-
|B
|Description
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Note: Use to differentiate from other entries. Follow this example: Gabriela Jolowicz Holzschnitte Ausstellung im Sprengel Museum, Hannover, 2026
|-
|
|'''Property (P) and Item (Q)'''
|'''URI'''
|'''DE'''
|'''EN'''
|'''Add'''
|'''Note'''
|-
|1
|P31
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31
|ist ein(e)
|instance of
|Q464980
|Add item
|-
|2
|Q464980
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464980
|Ausstellung
|Exhibition
|
|(Used above)
|-
|3
|P1476
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1476
|Titel
|Title
|Title
|Plain text
|-
|4
|P276
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P276
|Ort
|Location
|Sprengel Museum Hannover Q510144
|Add item
|-
|5
|P580
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P580
|Startzeitpunkt
|Start time
|Date
|YYYY-MM-DD
|-
|6
|P582
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P582
|Endzeitpunkt
|End time
|Date
|YYYY-MM-DD
|-
|7
|P1640
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1640
|Kurator
|Curator
|Person
|Add item (if don't exists will need to create/can omit at present)
|-
|8
|P710
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P710
|Teilnehmer
|Participant
|Person (the artist)
|Add item (if don't exists will need to create/can omit at present)
|-
|9
|P856
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P856
|offizielle Website
|Official website
|URL
|URL
|}
'''''End of Session 1.'''''

==== Homework exercises ====

# Complete your allocated exhibition. Make sure all fields are complete from Table 1. If something cannot be added, either: A. Make a note in the exhibition allocation spreadsheet, or B. Send and email to [mailto:Simon.worththington@tib.eu simon.worththington@tib.eu] and I will help resolve your issue.  '''Note: If you did not create an exhibition entry during the class make sure one is complete before the next class.'''
# Create a GitHub account and add your GitHub handle next to your name, column ‘GitHub handle’,  in the exhibition allocation spreadsheet.
# Review your classmates exhibition entries. You have all been allocated a entry to review, see the Exhibition Allocation spreadsheet. Your name will be in column G. This first review has three questions – tick the boxes to show if each item has been complete and either add comments or correct the Wikidata exhibition entry.  '''Note: If your allocated Exhibition entry hasn’t been made by you classmate then please contact them and ask them to complete the entry.'''  Questions are:
## Are all the required fields present?
## Are all the fields correct?
## Is there an Deutsch and English entry?
---

==== Session 2: Exhibition cataloguing - build up, add items, artists, catalogues ====
The session has five exercies:

# Exhibition update
# Artist
# Exhibition catalogue
# AI LLM SPARQL experiments
# &lt;s&gt;Artwork&lt;/s&gt;

The exercises include the following concepts:

==== Exercises ====

==== 1. Exhibition updates ====

* Homework review: Complete all fields for an exhibition. Review your assigned review exhibition answering the three questions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* For the label. Convert words in all caps to sentence case. Use: https://convertcase.net/title-case-converter/ | Change from, e.g., ADRIAN SAUER: TRUTH TABLESPECTRUM INTERNATIONALER PREIS FÜR FOTOGRAFIE DER STIFTUNG NIEDERSACHSEN to  Adrian Sauer: Truth Tablespectrum Internationaler Preis Für Fotografie Der Stiftung Niedersachsen.

* Add the English language versions. Use DeepL to translate: https://www.deepl.com/en/translator
** Title: Add English title

* Add the following. Change P710 Teilnehmer (Participant) to P921 zentrales Thema '''artists name.''' 
** Qualifier on central theme to indicate the person is contributing artwork.

* Use: Qualifier P170 creator and add artist Q483501 (type artists and it will automcomplete)

* Reference: Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID for a person, e.g., Gabriela Jolowicz https://d-nb.info/gnd/134184963 | Search your persons name and copy in the last part of number 134184963
* Talk page: Add in the review questions for your Wikidata entry:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch?&lt;/blockquote&gt;Notice the useful links that tell you more about connected Linked Open Data!

Note: SPARQL query showing data model. Properties and and values. Results: https://w.wiki/JMLX Made with Gemini AI: https://gemini.google.com/share/c43f34a67f67

==== Concepts ====

* Wikidata parts – see about and diagram:
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction/de
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction#/media/File:Datamodel_in_Wikidata.svg
* Applying a review process using Talk pages
* Adding References
* Using a type of LOD source – '''An authority record''' Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm  
* SPARQL query

---

==== 2. Artists ====
The objective here is to ensure all artists have been included in exhibition listing and to then review the existing artists entry.

Later a SPARQL query will be made to compare statements about all the artists in our dataset.

* Before reviewing artists items make sure all artists have been listed in the exhibition item, with qualifier of being an artist and a reference to their GND record.

===== Important statements =====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Concept
|CIDOC CRM (Full)
|Linked Art (Selection)
|Wikidata Equivalent
|Note
|-
|Entity
|E21 Person
|Person
|Q5 (human)
|The base instance.
|-
|Label/Name
|P1 is identified by → E33_E41
|identified_by (Name)
|
|Linked Art flattens this into a simple list of names.
|-
|
|
|
|P735 Given name
|
|-
|
|
|
|P734 Family name
|
|-
|Profession
|P2 has type → E55 Type
|classified_as
|P106 (occupation)
|Map to AAT 300025103 (artist).
|-
|Birth
|P98i was born → E67 Birth
|born (Birth)
|P569 (date of birth)
|CRM treats birth as an event; Wikidata as a property.
|-
|Death
|P100i died in → E69 Death
|died (Death)
|P570 (date of death)
|If the artist is still living, this is omitted.
|-
|Nationality
|P107i member of → E74 Group
|classified_as (Type)
|P27 (citizenship)
|Linked Art often models nationality as a Type.
|-
|Reference
|P1 identifies ← E42 Identifier
|identified_by (Identifier)
|QID (The URI itself)
|Used to link to external authorities (ULAN, VIAF).
|-
|Commons category
|?
|?
|P373 search name
|&lt;nowiki&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|}


From Google Gemini: https://gemini.google.com/share/578cc1b886d0

---

===== Schemas and communities need consulting. =====
From Wikimedia:

* WikiProject Visual Arts: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Visual_arts
* Wikiproject Exhibitions: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Exhibitions

Semi-formal

Generic Wikibase Model for Cultural Data: https://kgi4nfdi.github.io/Guidelines/guide/wikibase/data_modelling_import/

Formal:

CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) - https://cidoc-crm.org/

Linked Art (based on CIDOC) https://linked.art/model/actor/

==== Concepts ====

* Data modeling
* Schemas
* Use case
* Bottom up design
* Identifiers

---

==== 3. Exhibition Catalogue ====
Search in both of these two places to find information about the catalogue for your assigned exhibition.

* Sprengel Museum publication catalogue - https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised
* DND (example) you can search for the exhibition name or Sprengel Museum '''-'''  https://portal.dnb.de/opac/simpleSearch?query=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung&amp;cqlMode=true 

''Note: Make a note of any links you find in the exhibition listings spreadsheet.''

===== Make a Wikidata entry for the catalogue =====
Note: first search for publication before making Wikidata entry. Use title, use ISBN, use GND.

An example publication from DNB and Sprengel Shop.

* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=Gabriela+and+Jolowicz%26any&amp;currentPosition=0
* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised

===== Enter these statements =====
Note: Remember Label and Description
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Property
|Label
|Description/Example
|-
|P31
|instance of
|catalogue (Q2352616)
|-
|P1476
|title
|The official title of the catalogue (e.g., Vermeer and the Masters of Genre Painting)
|-
|P50
|author
|The main curator or art historian (item link)
|-
|P123
|publisher
|The museum or publishing house (e.g., Louvre Museum)
|-
|P577
|publication date
|Year of release (e.g., 2024)
|-
|P212
|ISBN-13
|The 13-digit standard book identifier
|-
|
|GND
|ID
|-
|P973
|described at URL
|A link to the catalogue's page on the museum’s website
|}
Google Gemini  https://gemini.google.com/share/9a21f5522192

Example input: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138646145

===== Link the record back to the exhibition =====
P972	Title

==== Concepts ====

* Data modeling
* Identifier
* Data as CC Zero / Copyright of data
---

==== 4. AI LLM SPARQL experiments ====
The Wikidata has a SPARQL interface where the LOD in Wikidata can be searched (queried) and outputted in a number of ways, formats, and a visualisations. As well as being saved on the web.

We will us AI LLM chat to generate SPARQL queries.

Later we will learn the fundamentals of writing a SPARQL query. But for the moment we want to see how they have be generated, the options, and creative applications.

Using chat services or code assistants can be a valuable way to learn about new technologies.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Service
|Best For
|Standout Feature
|Key Model(s)
|-
|'''ChatGPT'''
|General Use &amp; Tasks
|Deep Research &amp; Agent Mode
|GPT-5.4, GPT-5
|-
|'''Claude'''
|Coding &amp; Writing
|Artifacts (interactive workspace)
|Claude 4.5, 4.6
|-
|'''Google Gemini'''
|Google Ecosystem
|Nano Banana (native image/video)
|Gemini 3.1 Pro
|-
|Perplexity
|Real-time Research
|Native Citations &amp; Search Labs
|Sonar, GPT-5, Claude
|-
|MS Copilot
|Office Productivity
|Copilot Vision &amp; 365 Integration
|GPT-5.2, Prometheus
|-
|DeepSeek
|Logical Reasoning
|High-tier performance at low cost
|DeepSeek-V3, R1
|-
|Grok
|Real-time Social Info
|Unfiltered X (Twitter) integration
|Grok 4.1
|-
|'''Meta AI'''
|Social Media
|Seamless integration in WhatsApp/IG
|Llama 4 (Scout)
|-
|Poe
|Model Testing
|Access multiple LLMs in one app
|Multi-model aggregator
|-
|Mistral (Le Chat)
|Privacy &amp; Developers
|European-hosted, GDPR-focused
|Mistral Large 3
|}
Some of these can also be used via KISSKI

„KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) can be used for unmetered ChatGPT5 https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat  

=== The exercise ===
The group will be split into a number of Zoom breakout groups and then the group spends 20 minutes experimenting generating SPARQL queries and other creative applications.

Paste in results here: https://tib.cloud/apps/files/files/8251374?dir=/NFDI4Culture/HsH/BIM26/bim26-shared&amp;editing=false&amp;openfile=true 

Each room is assigned a Chat engine.

Maximum there will be four groups.

·      Group #1: '''ChatGPT'''

·      Group #2: '''Claude'''

·      Group #3: '''Google Gemini'''

·       Group #4: '''Meta AI'''

=== Example exercise ===
Chat bots can read  a SPARQL query or a Wikidata address.

e.g.,

Item https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468

query graph https://w.wiki/JPNc

query timeline https://w.wiki/JPPN

Item Sprengel Museum https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510144 

Then the chatbot can be instructed to do things based on the information provided.

You should ask the chat bot to generate Wikidata SPARQL queries and then paste the queries into the SPARQL querie interface. https://query.wikidata.org/

Use these examples and invent your own:

# Create dashboard (count of things)
# Create inventory (table)
# Create graph data model

Some output SPARQL queries

·       Map of artists place of birth - https://w.wiki/JPT3 

·       List of exhibitions - https://w.wiki/JPR3 

·       As plot of exhibitions - https://w.wiki/J8aS

==== Homework: Session 2 ====
Create a bottom up  data model of an artwork in an exhibition. Include only the minimum information needed. The result should be a table like the ones presented for exhibition, artist, and catalogue. The table should include properties and attributes. You should consult the schemas mentioned above. You can use AI but attribute the AI and link to your question. If you use AI review the results and make notes about what you changed.

Note: Think about how parts are related and what you need to add and what already exists in Wikidata.

Submit your results as a spreadsheet or table.  

===== Session 3: Museum visit - Sprengel Museum =====
19 March 2026

===== Session #4: Schemas and Prototyping (the end of class project) =====

===== Recap and outline =====
Done

* Creating exhibition entries in Wikidata
* Filling our data models for Artist and Catalogue
* Exploring the museum and its activities to help steer the prototype

To do

* Decide on the ideas for the prototype
* Data model for items in an exhibition (Artwork and Exhibition)
* Complete a data model for the end of the project that can be used by museums and complies to the sector standards – CIDOC and Wikidata.

===== What have we learned about the ‘Museum’s Story’ =====
TBC

===== Schemas =====
An opportunity to become familiar with how Linked Open Data is structured using common agreements on  working practices.

Over the period of the course a data model will be developed and finalised to describe ‘items in an exhibition’. The data model will be published  for community consultation and testing.

===== Schemas and key concepts =====
Table: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP 

* Schema
* Terminology Service
* Controlled Vocabulary
* Taxonomy
* Ontology
* Knowledge Graph

Table X: link: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP Terminology used in Linked Open Data (LOD) 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|-
! **Concept**
! **Wikidata link (Concept)**
! **Primary Focus**
! **Analogy**
! **Example resource**
! **URL**
! **Example use**
! **URL**
|-
| Schema
| Q1397073
| Data Structure
| The Template. Conceptual schema / data model
| Schema.org
| https://schema.org/
| VisualArtwork
| https://schema.org/VisualArtwork
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) &quot;Among the Sierra Nevada, California&quot;
| https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20475372
|-
| Terminology Service
| Q22692845
| Distribution
| A Library of Vocabularies, Schemas, Ontologies, etc
| TIB Terminology Service
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/
| NFDI4CULTURE
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies?and=false&amp;page=1&amp;sortedBy=title&amp;size=10&amp;collection=NFDI4CULTURE
|-
| Controlled Vocabulary
| Q1469824
| Consistency
| The Dictionary
| Integrated Authority File / die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)
| https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showShortList
| Persons: Dürer, Albrecht
| https://d-nb.info/gnd/117751669
|-
| Taxonomy
| Q8269924
| Hierarchy
| Sorting things by type (general classification)
| Getty Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
| https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/
| German Surrealist Max Ernst (painting techniques used)
| https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/conservation-department-new/technical-studies-and-conservation-campaigns/portrait-of-an-artist-at-work-max-ernsts-surrealist-techniques/#:~:text=Frottage%20and%20Grattage,in%20his%20drawings%20in%201925.
|-
|
|
|
|
| Iconclass
| https://iconclass.org/
| Max Ernst’s &quot;The Virgin Spanking the Christ Child&quot; (Parady)
| https://www.wikiart.org/en/max-ernst/the-virgin-spanking-the-christ-child-before-three-witnesses-andre-breton-paul-eluard-and-the-1926
|-
| Ontology
| Q324254
| Semantics: Meaning &amp; logic (information science)
| The Rulebook or Writing Style Guide
| CIDOC (Comité International pour la DOCumentation / International Committee for Documentation)
| https://cidoc-crm.org/
| Sloane Lab Knowledge Base - unifying 3 collections
| https://knowledgebase.sloanelab.org/resource/Start
|-
| Knowledge Graph
| Q33002955
| Network of things and relations
| A Navigational Map
| Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance
| https://www.census.de/
| Artemis search
| https://database.census.de/#/detail/10013099
|-
|
|
|
|
| Research Space
| https://researchspace.org/
| Hokusai: The Great Picture Book of Everything
| https://hokusai-great-picture-book-everything.researchspace.org/resource/rsp:Start
|}

===== Schemas exercise =====
Spreadsheet to work on: https://tib.cloud/s/PicTdwCEqCQ6pBp

(password: bim2026)

We will be looking at: Exhibition, Artist, and Catalogue.

'''''Enter the URLs found. Add new rows, columns, comments if needed. Keep manual searches as well as AI searches for comparison.'''''

===== Exercise #1: Enter links into the spreadsheet of matching items from the following: =====

* Wikidata:WikiProject Exhibitions/Properties
* Generic Wikibase Model for Cultural Data - Wikibase4Research NFDI4Culture
* CIDOC CRM (Full)
* Terminology Service (NFDII4Culture)
* Wikidata

===== Exercise #2: Use AI LLM to find matching items =====

* https://gemini.google.com/ 

==== Prototyping ====
Either in this session or in the next session the group will be divided into teams.

===== Schema =====

# Data model development: ‘items in an exhibition’

===== Quarto publication parts =====

# A catalogue of a Sprengel Museum exhibition
# A catalogue of all exhibitions and exhibition catalogues
# Catalogue of exhibition entries
# A dictionary of terms – people and named entities – from Wikidata

==== Learning to use Quarto and inserting an exhibition entry ====
Tools: Quarto, GitHub, VS Code, Jupyter Notebooks, Codespace if needed, copilot: Agentic Coding)

'''Requirements'''

# A laptop or computer where you can install VScode
# You will need 2FA on your mobile (optional)
# Create a GitHub account
# Install VScode
# Connect Github account to VScode
# Create GitHub reposoitory

'''Fork the following repository:''' https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype 

'''Model: Auto'''

'''How the repo was setup. Agent promts:''' 

I want to run a Quarto website project, please setup the basics. The project will be published on GitHub Pages. Set the output directory to docs. 

Create a page for the quarto project that retrieves the data used for thie Wikidata item and renders it as  professional webpage ''&lt;Insert your exhibition here – or use this one&gt;''  https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 The approach should create a SPARQL query for the data and then render this as HTML using a Jupyter Notebook.

All entries: https://tib.cloud/s/fncf8W6pXs8qgiq (needs password)

===== Tasks =====

* Change exhibition - manual
* Run Jupyter Notebook 
* Run and preview Quarto 
* Publish to your GitHub Pages 

===== Step-by-step =====
Part one: Working environment

'''''NOTE: If you are having problems running locally then use the Codespace online option.'''''

# Create GitHub account - https://github.com/
# Have 2FA available - usually on mobile (Google authenticator) (optional)
# Install VSCode - https://code.visualstudio.com/download
# Install GitHub Desktop - https://desktop.github.com/download/
# Add Github account when prompted, use 2FA

Step two: The prototype

# Fork the repository:  https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype
# If working locally continue - if using Codespace - launch Codespace (see below and then continue)
# Test Quarto in the Terminal: 
## &lt;code&gt;quarto check&lt;/code&gt; 
## &lt;code&gt;quarto render&lt;/code&gt;
## &lt;code&gt;quarto preview&lt;/code&gt; (control C - to stop)
# If not working run Quarto from Agent
# Change Wikidata exhibition in Notebook
# Run notebook
# Run &lt;code&gt;quarto render&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;quarto preview&lt;/code&gt;
# Save all
# Git: Message, Commit and Push
# On GitHub.com your repository
## Turn on Pages: GitHub Actions
## Code: About cog - Click use my GitHub Pages
## Actions tab: Publish Quarto Project
# ENDE - Rinse repeat :-)

===== Codespace option: =====
Codespace is an online Virtual Machine which can be launched from GitHub.

The repository includes a Dev Container configuration so you can work entirely in the browser without installing anything locally.

# On the repository page on GitHub, click Code → Codespaces → Create codespace on main.
# Wait for the container to build — Python packages from &lt;code&gt;requirements.txt&lt;/code&gt; are installed automatically - about 5 minutes.
# Once everything is installed the Codespace can be used anytime. It automatically shutsdown when left alone and can be restarted any time.
# Work done in Codespace must be pushed back to the repository.
# If Codespace is not used for 28 days the Codespace is deleted.

---

===== Homework - session #4 =====

* Get all books from HsH library that are Sprengel Museum exhibition catalogues. Bring to the next class
* Make an exhibition entry if not done
* Work with VSCode and the Agent and experiment
* Add entries from existing ontologies: https://tib.cloud/s/PicTdwCEqCQ6pBp?dir=/&amp;editing=false&amp;openfile=true

==== Sitzung 5: Prototyping: Running Quarto Prototype, Federation, Prototype Teams ====

* Running Quarto Prototype - https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype 
* DNB data download https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition
* Data Federation - WB4R

===== Links =====
https://wikibase.wbworkshop.tibwiki.io/wiki/Main_Page

Glossar - https://nfdi4culture.github.io/linked-open-exhibition/Documentation/glossary

===== DNB Search =====
https://portal.dnb.de/opac/moveDown?currentResultId=Sprengel+and+Museum%26any&amp;categoryId=books

Sprengel Museum, 602 Artikel

'''About the DNB'''
https://www.dnb.de/librarylab
https://deutsche-nationalbibliothek.github.io/jupyterlite/lab/

'''Also'''

https://wiki.dnb.de/spaces/LINKEDDATASERVICE/pages/449878933/DNB+SPARQL+Service+BETA

===== Prototype Teams =====

* DNB Data
* Katalog scan
* Exhibition entries
* Datenmodell (alle)
===== --- =====
[[Category:Wikidata]]</text>
      <sha1>a8gtih3s56qmbkbpwj62wx2fgn9kwgi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806798</id>
      <parentid>2806795</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T14:32:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mrchristian</username>
        <id>281704</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Learning to use Quarto and inserting an exhibition entry */</comment>
      <origin>2806798</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62147" sha1="5yr0w1pe25chjupnyqfk6hlg4rnoe5j" xml:space="preserve">DE (EN Below)

{{TOCleft}}

==== Linked Open Exhibition ====
''Materialien und Aufgaben für das Modul „BIM-126-02, SoSe 2026, Worthington/Blümel” für Studierende der Hochschule Hannover. Die Materialien werden gemeinsam mit mehreren Kollegen aus dem [https://www.tib.eu/de/forschung-entwicklung/forschungsgruppen-und-labs/open-science Open Science Lab] der TIB Hannover erstellt.''

Projekt-GitHub-Repo: https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition  

==== Zusammenfassung ====
Der achtteilige Kurs bietet eine Einführung in Linked Open Data (LOD) im Kontext von:

# Open Galleries Libraries Archives and Museums (GLAM) und 
# der Nutzung von Plattformen der Wikimedia Foundation.

Die folgenden Plattformen der Wikimedia Foundation werden verwendet: Wikidata, Wikibase, MediaWiki und Wikimedia Commons.

AI LLM wird in den folgenden Workflows verwendet: Code Assistant ''Copilot'' und eine Vielzahl von AI LLM-Chat-Diensten für die Dateierstellung und Konfigurationen zur Erstellung von SPARQL-Abfragen, Jinja 2.0-Vorlagen usw. 

Das „KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) kann für unbegrenztes ChatGPT5 genutzt werden: https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat  

Die verwendeten Methoden sind: Open-Source-Software, Open Science und Rapid Prototyping.

==== Linked Open Exhibition ====
Die Frage, die in diesem Kurs untersucht wird, lautet: Wie kann LOD genutzt werden, um Museumsausstellungen als Linked Open Exhibitions zu verbessern – als Aufzeichnung der Ausstellung, als Katalog der Ausstellungsstücke und für andere wichtige Daten? Als Beispiele '''dienen die Steigerung der Besucherzahlen von Ausstellungen und die Schaffung einer größeren Tiefe des Engagements'''.

Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Frage, wie LOD-Aufzeichnungen von '''Exponaten in einer Ausstellung''' erstellt werden können.

==== Lernpunkte – in der Reihenfolge ihrer Priorität ====

# '''Wikidata/Wikibase LOD-Konzepte:''' Objekte, Eigenschaften, Werte, Qualifikatoren, Wikibase-Schemas, Klassen, Lexeme, Wissensbasis und Wissensgraphen.
# '''Linked Open Data (LOD):''' Semantic Web, 5-Sterne-Bewertung, RDF/Triples, Ontologien, Taxonomien und kontrollierte Vokabulare.
# '''Verwendung von LOD-Quellen:''' Identifikatoren, PIDs, Informationsquellen, Medienquellen sowie Import- und Export-Tools.
# '''Datenmodellierung:''' Methodiken, Schemaverwendung, Visualisierung und Testen.
# '''Daten-Workflow-Tools:''' Git, IDE, KI-Code-Assistent (Copilot), KI-Chat, Verwendung von Wikimedia Foundation-Tools, Datenimport- und -export-Tools, Generierung von PIDs und Hinterlegung in einem wissenschaftlichen Repositorium.
# '''Datenpräsentation und Datennutzung:''' Ergebnisse des Wikidata Query Service, MediaWiki-Infoboxen, Verarbeitung von SPARQL-Abfragen durch KI-Chat.
# '''Open-Science-Praxis:''' Open-Source-Software, Open Notebook Science, Open Licensing, PIDs, FAIR-Datenprinzipien sowie ethische und bewährte Verfahren bei der Nutzung von KI.

==== Sitzungen ====
Die Sitzungen befassen sich mit der Katalogisierung von Ausstellungen des Sprengel Museums unter Verwendung von LOD und der Erstellung von Visualisierungen und Präsentationen.

'''Das Ziel des Lernens ist es, den Umgang''' mit '''LOD''' zu '''erlernen.''' Die Methode besteht darin, ausgehend von einem Kern einer „Ausstellung” „Exponate in einer Ausstellung” hinzuzufügen. Von Anfang an sind es die Studierenden, die die LOD erstellen. Dies beginnt mit minimalen Einträgen der Studierenden, die dann mit Identifikatoren, LOD-Medienquellen, Schemata usw. ergänzt werden. Schließlich wird gezeigt, wie die Daten so präsentiert werden können, dass sie dem „Anwendungsfall” entsprechen: '''die Besucherzahlen der Ausstellungen zu steigern und ein tieferes Engagement zu erreichen'''. Hier kommen Präsentationstechnologien zum Einsatz: MediaWiki-Infoboxen, Ergebnisse des Wikidata Query Service, KI-Chat-SPARQL-Abfragen und andere Funktionen usw.

==== Sitzung 1: Erstellung einer Ausstellung-Zeitleiste – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Ausstellungen ====

# Erfassen Sie minimale Informationen zu einer Ausstellung in Wikidata als Linked Open Data: Titel, Museum, Datum usw. Beispiel: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 –  Siehe: Tabelle1 : ''Minimale Dateneinträge für eine Ausstellung''
# Zeigen Sie den Ausstellungseintrag in Wikidata an Ergebnisse des Abfragedienstes anzeigen Link (Zeitleiste und Grafik https://w.wiki/J8NJ | https://w.wiki/J8aS )
# Überprüfen Sie die Ausstellungseinträge.
# Behandeln Sie Themen, die durch die Erstellung eines LOD-Eintrags aufgeworfen werden: Wikidata-Grundlagen, bewährte Verfahren für Wikidata, Konsultation von Schemata, Bedeutung der Überprüfung und Verwendung von GitHub Issues, Vergleich der verfügbaren Daten – vorher und nachher.

==== Sitzung 2: Ausstellungskatalogisierung – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Objekten, Künstlern, Katalogen ====

==== Sitzung 3: Museumsbesuch – Sprengel Museum (noch zu bestätigen) ====

==== Sitzung 4: Ausstellungskatalogisierung – Massenhinzufügungen: Hinzufügen von Objekten, Künstlern, Katalogen ====

==== Sitzung 5: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====

==== Sitzung 6: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====

==== Sitzung 7: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====

==== Sitzung 8: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====
---

==== Sitzung 1: Erstellung eines Ausstellungskalenders – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Ausstellungen ====
Die Übung: Erstellen Sie einen Linked-Open-Data-Datensatz für eine Ausstellung mit Wikidata (Mindestangaben).

A. '''Erstellen des Ausstellungseintrags in Wikidata.'''

# Anmeldung bei Wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/
# Halten Sie eine Quelle bereit, um Daten einzugeben, z. B.
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/ausstellungen/archiv
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised
#* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung%26any&amp;currentPosition=1  
# Überprüfen Sie, ob es bereits einen Eintrag für die Ausstellung auf Wikidata gibt. Verwenden Sie dazu die Suchfunktion. 
# Erstellen Sie einen Eintrag oder bearbeiten Sie einen bestehenden Eintrag.
#* Hinweis: Überprüfen Sie, welche Sprache Sie verwenden. Wir werden Einträge in Deutsch und Englisch hinzufügen (beginnend mit Deutsch).
# Erstellen Sie die folgenden Dateneinträge in Wikidata, siehe: Tabelle 1: ''Minimale Dateneinträge für eine Ausstellung.''
# Überprüfen Sie die Wikidata-Einträge zur Ausstellung. Die Überprüfung erfolgt anhand von drei Fragen. Fügen Sie bei Bedarf Kommentare hinzu, Korrekturen können vorgenommen werden. Ergebnisse und Anmerkungen können auf der Diskussionsseite des Eintrags hinzugefügt werden, z. B. 
#* Alle Einträge vorhanden [   ]
#* Alle Einträge sind korrekt [   ]
#* Einträge sind in Deutsch und Englisch – im Rahmen des Zumutbaren [   ]

''Tabelle2 : Mindestdaten für einen Ausstellungseintrag''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |'''Felder, die zur Erstellung eines Ausstellungseintrags verwendet werden. Siehe Beispiel: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468''' 
|-
|A
|Beschriftung
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Hinweis: Kurz halten. Titel der Ausstellung verwenden
|-
|B
|Beschreibung
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Hinweis: Zur Unterscheidung von anderen Einträgen verwenden. Folgen Sie diesem Beispiel: Gabriela Jolowicz Holzschnitte Ausstellung im Sprengel Museum, Hannover, 2026
|-
|
|'''Eigentum (P) und Objekt (Q)'''
|'''URI'''
|'''DE'''
|
|'''Hinzufügen'''
|'''Anmerkung'''
|-
|1
|P31
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31
|ist ein(e)
|Instanz von
|Q464980
|Element hinzufügen
|-
|2
|Q464980
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464980
|Ausstellung
|Ausstellung
|
|(oben verwendet)
|-
|3
|P1476
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1476
|Titel
|Titel
|Titel
|Klartext
|-
|4
|P276
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P276
|Ort
|Standort
|Sprengel Museum Hannover Q510144
|Artikel hinzufügen
|-
|5
|P580
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P580
|Startzeitpunkt
|Startzeit
|Datum
|JJJJ-MM-TT
|-
|6
|P582
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P582
|Endzeitpunkt
|Endzeit
|Datum
|JJJJ-MM-TT
|-
|7
|P1640
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1640
|Kurator
|Kurator
|Person
|Element hinzufügen (falls nicht vorhanden, muss erstellt werden/kann derzeit weggelassen werden)
|-
|8
|P710
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P710
|Teilnehmer
|Teilnehmer
|Person (der Künstler)
|Element hinzufügen (falls nicht vorhanden, muss erstellt werden/kann derzeit weggelassen werden)
|-
|9
|P856
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P856
|Offizielle Website
|Offizielle Website
|URL
|URL
|}
Ende von Sitzung 1.

==== Hausaufgabenübungen ====
1. Vervollständigen Sie Ihre zugewiesene Ausstellung. Stellen Sie sicher, dass alle Felder aus Tabelle 1 ausgefüllt sind. Wenn etwas nicht hinzugefügt werden kann, haben Sie zwei Möglichkeiten: A. Machen Sie eine Notiz in der Tabelle zur Ausstellungszuweisung oder B. Senden Sie eine E-Mail an  [mailto:Simon.worththington@tib.eu simon.worththington@tib.eu] , damit ich Ihnen bei der Lösung Ihres Problems helfen kann.

'''Hinweis: Wenn Sie während des Unterrichts keinen Ausstellungseintrag erstellt haben, stellen Sie sicher, dass dieser vor der nächsten Unterrichtsstunde fertiggestellt ist.'''

2. Erstellen Sie ein GitHub-Konto und fügen Sie Ihren GitHub-Namen neben Ihrem Namen in der Spalte „GitHub-Name” in der Tabelle zur Zuweisung der Ausstellungen hinzu.

3. Überprüfen Sie die Ausstellungseinträge Ihrer Klassenkameraden. Ihnen wurde allen ein Eintrag zur Überprüfung zugewiesen, siehe Tabelle zur Zuweisung der Ausstellungen. Ihr Name steht in Spalte G. Diese erste Überprüfung umfasst drei Fragen – kreuzen Sie die Kästchen an, um anzuzeigen, ob jeder Punkt ausgefüllt wurde, und fügen Sie entweder Kommentare hinzu oder korrigieren Sie den Wikidata-Ausstellungseintrag.

'''Hinweis: Wenn der Ihnen zugewiesene Ausstellungseintrag nicht von Ihrem Klassenkameraden erstellt wurde, kontaktieren Sie ihn bitte und bitten Sie ihn, den Eintrag zu vervollständigen.'''

Die Fragen lauten:

1. Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

2. Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

3. Gibt es einen deutschen und einen englischen Eintrag?

---

=== Sitzung 2: Ausstellungskatalogisierung – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Objekten, Künstlern, Katalogen ===

==== Die Sitzung umfasst fünf Übungen: ====

# Ausstellungsaktualisierung
# Künstler
# Ausstellungskatalog
# AI LLM SPARQL-Experimente
# &lt;s&gt;Kunstwerk&lt;/s&gt;

==== Die Übungen umfassen die folgenden Konzepte: ====

==== Übungen ====

==== 1. Aktualisierung der Ausstellung ====

* Hausaufgabenüberprüfung: Füllen Sie alle Felder für eine Ausstellung aus. Überprüfen Sie die Ihnen zugewiesene Ausstellung, indem Sie die folgenden drei Fragen beantworten:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* Für das Label. Wandeln Sie Wörter in Großbuchstaben in Satzschrift um. Verwenden Sie: https://convertcase.net/title-case-converter/ | Ändern Sie z. B. ADRIAN SAUER: TRUTH TABLESPECTRUM INTERNATIONALER PREIS FÜR FOTOGRAFIE DER STIFTUNG NIEDERSACHSEN in Adrian Sauer: Truth Tablespectrum Internationaler Preis Für Fotografie Der Stiftung Niedersachsen.
* Fügen Sie die englischen Versionen hinzu. Verwenden Sie DeepL zum Übersetzen: https://www.deepl.com/en/translator
** Titel: Fügen Sie den englischen Titel hinzu
* Fügen Sie Folgendes hinzu. Ändern Sie P710 Teilnehmer (Participant) in P921 zentrales Thema artists name.
** Qualifier zum zentralen Thema, um anzugeben, dass die Person Kunstwerke beisteuert.
* Verwenden Sie: Qualifier P170 creator und fügen Sie artist Q483501 hinzu (geben Sie „Künstler” ein, es wird automatisch vervollständigt)
* Referenz: Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID für eine Person, z. B. Gabriela Jolowicz https://d-nb.info/gnd/134184963 | Suchen Sie den Namen der Person und kopieren Sie den letzten Teil der Nummer 134184963
* Diskussionsseite: Fügen Sie die Überprüfungsfragen für Ihren Wikidata-Eintrag hinzu:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch?&lt;/blockquote&gt;Beachten Sie die nützlichen Links, die Ihnen mehr über verbundene Linked Open Data verraten!

Hinweis: SPARQL-Abfrage zur Anzeige des Datenmodells. Eigenschaften und Werte. Ergebnisse: https://w.wiki/JMLX Erstellt mit Gemini AI: https://gemini.google.com/share/c43f34a67f67

==== Konzepte ====

* Wikidata-Teile – siehe Informationen und Diagramm:
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction/de
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction#/media/File:Datamodel_in_Wikidata.svg
* Anwendung eines Überprüfungsprozesses mithilfe von Diskussionsseiten
* Hinzufügen von Referenzen
* Verwendung einer LOD-Quelle – Ein Normdatensatz Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID &lt;nowiki&gt;https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* SPARQL-Abfrage
---

==== 2. Künstler ====
Das Ziel hierbei ist es, sicherzustellen, dass alle Künstler in die Ausstellungsliste aufgenommen wurden, und anschließend die bestehenden Künstlereinträge zu überprüfen.

Später wird eine SPARQL-Abfrage durchgeführt, um Aussagen über alle Künstler in unserem Datensatz zu vergleichen.

Bevor Sie die Künstereinträge überprüfen, stellen Sie sicher, dass alle Künstler im Ausstellungseintrag aufgeführt sind, mit dem Qualifikationsmerkmal „Künstler” und einem Verweis auf ihren GND-Datensatz.

==== Wichtige Aussagen ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Concept
|CIDOC CRM (Full)
|Linked Art (Selection)
|Wikidata Equivalent
|Note
|-
|Entity
|E21 Person
|Person
|Q5 (human)
|The base instance.
|-
|Label/Name
|P1 is identified by → E33_E41
|identified_by (Name)
|
|Linked Art flattens this into a simple list of names.
|-
|
|
|
|P735 Given name
|
|-
|
|
|
|P734 Family name
|
|-
|Profession
|P2 has type → E55 Type
|classified_as
|P106 (occupation)
|Map to AAT 300025103 (artist).
|-
|Birth
|P98i was born → E67 Birth
|born (Birth)
|P569 (date of birth)
|CRM treats birth as an event; Wikidata as a property.
|-
|Death
|P100i died in → E69 Death
|died (Death)
|P570 (date of death)
|If the artist is still living, this is omitted.
|-
|Nationality
|P107i member of → E74 Group
|classified_as (Type)
|P27 (citizenship)
|Linked Art often models nationality as a Type.
|-
|Reference
|P1 identifies ← E42 Identifier
|identified_by (Identifier)
|QID (The URI itself)
|Used to link to external authorities (ULAN, VIAF).
|-
|Commons category
|?
|?
|P373 search name
|&lt;nowiki&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|}


Aus Google Gemini: https://gemini.google.com/share/578cc1b886d0

---

==== Schemas und Communities benötigen Beratung. ====
'''Aus Wikimedia:'''

WikiProject Visual Arts: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Visual_arts

Wikiproject Exhibitions: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Exhibitions

'''Halbformell'''

Generisches Wikibase-Modell für Kulturdaten: https://kgi4nfdi.github.io/Guidelines/guide/wikibase/data_modelling_import/

'''Formell:'''

CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) – https://cidoc-crm.org/

Linked Art (basierend auf CIDOC) https://linked.art/model/actor/

==== Konzepte ====

* Datenmodellierung
* Schemas
* Anwendungsfall
* Bottom-up-Design
* Identifikatoren

---

==== 3. Ausstellungskatalog ====
Suchen Sie an beiden Orten nach Informationen zum Katalog Ihrer zugewiesenen Ausstellung.

Sprengel Museum Publikationskatalog – https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised

DND (Beispiel) Sie können nach dem Namen der Ausstellung oder dem Sprengel Museum suchen – https://portal.dnb.de/opac/simpleSearch?query=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung&amp;cqlMode=true

Hinweis: Notieren Sie sich alle Links, die Sie in der Tabelle mit den Ausstellungslisten finden.

===== Erstellen Sie einen Wikidata-Eintrag für den Katalog. =====
Hinweis: Suchen Sie zunächst nach der Veröffentlichung, bevor Sie einen Wikidata-Eintrag erstellen. Verwenden Sie den Titel, die ISBN und die GND.

Ein Beispiel für eine Veröffentlichung aus DNB und Sprengel Shop.

* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=Gabriela+and+Jolowicz%26any&amp;currentPosition=0
* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised

===== Geben Sie diese Angaben ein =====
Hinweis: Denken Sie an die Bezeichnung und Beschreibung
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Property
|Label
|Description/Example
|-
|P31
|instance of
|catalogue (Q2352616)
|-
|P1476
|title
|The official title of the catalogue (e.g., Vermeer and the Masters of Genre Painting)
|-
|P50
|author
|The main curator or art historian (item link)
|-
|P123
|publisher
|The museum or publishing house (e.g., Louvre Museum)
|-
|P577
|publication date
|Year of release (e.g., 2024)
|-
|P212
|ISBN-13
|The 13-digit standard book identifier
|-
|
|GND
|ID
|-
|P973
|described at URL
|A link to the catalogue's page on the museum’s website
|}
Google Gemini https://gemini.google.com/share/9a21f5522192

Beispiel für eine Eingabe: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138646145

==== Verlinken Sie den Datensatz zurück zur Ausstellung. ====
P972     &gt;      Titel

==== Konzepte ====

* Datenmodellierung
* Identifikator
* Daten als CC Zero / Urheberrecht der Daten

---

==== 4. AI LLM SPARQL-Experimente ====
Wikidata verfügt über eine SPARQL-Schnittstelle, über die die LOD in Wikidata durchsucht (abgefragt) und auf verschiedene Arten, in verschiedenen Formaten und Visualisierungen ausgegeben werden kann. Außerdem kann sie im Web gespeichert werden.

Wir werden den AI LLM-Chat verwenden, um SPARQL-Abfragen zu generieren.

Später werden wir die Grundlagen des Schreibens einer SPARQL-Abfrage lernen. Aber zunächst wollen wir sehen, wie sie generiert werden, welche Optionen es gibt und wie sie kreativ eingesetzt werden können.

Die Verwendung von Chat-Diensten oder Code-Assistenten kann eine wertvolle Möglichkeit sein, um neue Technologien kennenzulernen.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Service
|Best For
|Standout Feature
|Key Model(s)
|-
|'''ChatGPT'''
|General Use &amp; Tasks
|Deep Research &amp; Agent Mode
|GPT-5.4, GPT-5
|-
|'''Claude'''
|Coding &amp; Writing
|Artifacts (interactive workspace)
|Claude 4.5, 4.6
|-
|'''Google Gemini'''
|Google Ecosystem
|Nano Banana (native image/video)
|Gemini 3.1 Pro
|-
|Perplexity
|Real-time Research
|Native Citations &amp; Search Labs
|Sonar, GPT-5, Claude
|-
|MS Copilot
|Office Productivity
|Copilot Vision &amp; 365 Integration
|GPT-5.2, Prometheus
|-
|DeepSeek
|Logical Reasoning
|High-tier performance at low cost
|DeepSeek-V3, R1
|-
|Grok
|Real-time Social Info
|Unfiltered X (Twitter) integration
|Grok 4.1
|-
|'''Meta AI'''
|Social Media
|Seamless integration in WhatsApp/IG
|Llama 4 (Scout)
|-
|Poe
|Model Testing
|Access multiple LLMs in one app
|Multi-model aggregator
|-
|Mistral (Le Chat)
|Privacy &amp; Developers
|European-hosted, GDPR-focused
|Mistral Large 3
|}
Einige davon können auch über KISSKI genutzt werden.

Das „KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) kann für unbegrenztes ChatGPT5 genutzt werden: https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat

==== Die Übung ====
Die Gruppe wird in mehrere Zoom-Breakout-Gruppen aufgeteilt und verbringt dann 20 Minuten damit, SPARQL-Abfragen und andere kreative Anwendungen zu generieren.

Fügen Sie die Ergebnisse hier ein: https://tib.cloud/apps/files/files/8251374?dir=/NFDI4Culture/HsH/BIM26/bim26-shared&amp;editing=false&amp;openfile=true

Jedem Raum wird eine Chat-Engine zugewiesen.

Es gibt maximal vier Gruppen.

·      Gruppe Nr. 1: ChatGPT

·      Gruppe Nr. 2: Claude

·      Gruppe Nr. 3: Google Gemini

·       Gruppe Nr. 4: Meta AI

==== Beispielübung ====
Chatbots können eine SPARQL-Abfrage oder eine Wikidata-Adresse lesen.

z. B.

* Artikel https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468
* Abfragegrafik https://w.wiki/JPNc
* Abfragetidsachse https://w.wiki/JPPN
* Artikel Sprengel Museum https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510144

Anschließend kann der Chatbot angewiesen werden, auf Grundlage der bereitgestellten Informationen bestimmte Aktionen auszuführen.

Sie sollten den Chatbot bitten, Wikidata-SPARQL-Abfragen zu generieren, und diese Abfragen dann in die SPARQL-Abfrageoberfläche einfügen. https://query.wikidata.org/

Verwenden Sie diese Beispiele und entwickeln Sie Ihre eigenen:

# Dashboard erstellen (Anzahl der Dinge)
# Inventar erstellen (Tabelle)
# Graphdatenmodell erstellen

Einige SPARQL-Abfragen

·       Karte der Geburtsorte von Künstlern – https://w.wiki/JPT3

·       Liste der Ausstellungen – https://w.wiki/JPR3

·       Als Darstellung der Ausstellungen – https://w.wiki/J8aS

==== Hausaufgabe: Sitzung 2 ====
Erstellen Sie ein Bottom-up-Datenmodell eines Kunstwerks in einer Ausstellung. Fügen Sie nur die minimal erforderlichen Informationen hinzu. Das Ergebnis sollte eine Tabelle sein, wie sie für Ausstellung, Künstler und Katalog dargestellt wird. Die Tabelle sollte Eigenschaften und Attribute enthalten. Sie sollten die oben genannten Schemata zu Rate ziehen. Sie können KI verwenden, aber geben Sie die KI an und verlinken Sie sie mit Ihrer Frage. Wenn Sie KI verwenden, überprüfen Sie die Ergebnisse und machen Sie sich Notizen darüber, was Sie geändert haben.

Hinweis: Überlegen Sie, wie die Teile miteinander in Beziehung stehen, was Sie hinzufügen müssen und was bereits in Wikidata vorhanden ist.

Reichen Sie Ihre Ergebnisse als Tabelle oder Spreadsheet ein.

---

==== Sitzung 3: Museumsbesuch – Sprengel Museum ====
19 März 2026

ENDE
==== Sitzung Nr. 4: Schemata und Prototyping (Abschlussprojekt) ====

===== Zusammenfassung und Überblick =====
Erledigt

* 	Erstellen von Ausstellungs-Einträgen in Wikidata
* 	Befüllen unserer Datenmodelle für „Künstler“ und „Katalog“
* Erkundung	des Museums und seiner Aktivitäten, um den Prototyp zu steuern

Zu erledigen

* 	Entscheidung über die Ideen für den Prototyp
* 	Datenmodell für Objekte in einer Ausstellung (Kunstwerk und	Ausstellung)
* Erstellen	eines Datenmodells zum Projektende, das von Museen genutzt werden	kann und den Branchenstandards – CIDOC und Wikidata –	entspricht.

===== Was haben wir über die „Geschichte des Museums“ gelernt? =====
TBC

===== Schemas =====
Eine Gelegenheit, sich mit der Struktur von Linked Open Data anhand gemeinsamer Vereinbarungen zu Arbeitspraktiken vertraut zu machen.

Im Laufe des Kurses wird ein Datenmodell entwickelt und fertiggestellt, um „Objekte in einer Ausstellung“ zu beschreiben. Das Datenmodell wird zur Konsultation und zum Testen durch die Community veröffentlicht.

===== Schemas und Schlüsselkonzepte =====
Tabelle: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP

* 	Schema
* 	Terminologiedienst
* 	Kontrolliertes Vokabular
* 	Taxonomie
* 	Ontologie
* Wissensgraph


Tabelle X: Link: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP In Linked Open Data (LOD) verwendete Terminologie

DE
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!   Konzept
!   Wikidata-Link (Konzept)
!   Hauptschwerpunkt
!   Analogie
!   Beispielressource
!   URL
!   Anwendungsbeispiel
!   URL
|-
|   Schema
|   Q1397073
|   Datenstruktur
|   Die Vorlage. Konzeptionelles Schema / Datenmodell
|   Schema.org
|   [https://schema.org/]
|   VisualArtwork
|   [https://schema.org/VisualArtwork]
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|   Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) „In der Sierra Nevada,   Kalifornien“
|   [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20475372]
|-
|   Terminologiedienst
|   Q22692845
|   Verbreitung
|   Eine Bibliothek mit Vokabularen, Schemata, Ontologien usw.
|   TIB-Terminologiedienst
|   [https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/]
|   NFDI4CULTURE
|   [https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies?and=false&amp;page=1&amp;sortedBy=title&amp;size=10&amp;collection=NFDI4CULTURE]
|-
|   Kontrolliertes Vokabular
|   Q1469824
|   Konsistenz
|   Das Wörterbuch
|   Integrierte Normdatei / die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)
|   [https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showShortList]
|   Personen: Dürer, Albrecht
|   [https://d-nb.info/gnd/117751669]
|-
|   Taxonomie
|   Q8269924
|   Hierarchie
|   Sortierung nach Typ (allgemeine Klassifizierung)
|   Getty Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
|   [https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/]
|   Deutscher Surrealist Max Ernst (verwendete Maltechniken)
|[https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/conservation-department-new/technical-studies-and-conservation-campaigns/portrait-of-an-artist-at-work-max-ernsts-surrealist-techniques/#:~:text=Frottage%20und%20Grattage,in%20seinen%20Zeichnungen%20von%201925].
|-
|
|
|
|
|   Iconclass
|   [https://iconclass.org/]
|   Max Ernsts „Die Jungfrau, die das Christkind versohlt“   (Parady)
|   [https://www.wikiart.org/en/max-ernst/the-virgin-spanking-the-christ-child-before-three-witnesses-andre-breton-paul-eluard-and-the-1926]
|-
|   Ontologie
|   Q324254
|   Semantik: Bedeutung &amp; Logik (Informationswissenschaft)
|   Das Regelwerk oder der Stilführer
|   CIDOC (Comité International pour la DOCumentation /   Internationales Komitee für Dokumentation)
|   [https://cidoc-crm.org/]
|   Sloane Lab Knowledge Base – Zusammenführung von 3 Sammlungen
|   [https://knowledgebase.sloanelab.org/resource/Start]
|-
|   Wissensgraph
|   Q33002955
|   Netzwerk von Dingen und Beziehungen
|   Eine Navigationskarte
|   Verzeichnis antiker Kunstwerke und architektonischer Bauwerke, die   in der Renaissance bekannt waren
|   [https://www.census.de/]
|   Artemis-Suche
|   [https://database.census.de/#/detail/10013099]
|-
|
|
|
|
|   Forschungsbereich
|   [https://researchspace.org/]
|   Hokusai: Das große Bilderbuch von allem
|[https://hokusai-great-picture-book-everything.researchspace.org/resource/rsp:Start]
|}

EN
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|-
! **Concept**
! **Wikidata link (Concept)**
! **Primary Focus**
! **Analogy**
! **Example resource**
! **URL**
! **Example use**
! **URL**
|-
| Schema
| Q1397073
| Data Structure
| The Template. Conceptual schema / data model
| Schema.org
| https://schema.org/
| VisualArtwork
| https://schema.org/VisualArtwork
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) &quot;Among the Sierra Nevada, California&quot;
| https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20475372
|-
| Terminology Service
| Q22692845
| Distribution
| A Library of Vocabularies, Schemas, Ontologies, etc
| TIB Terminology Service
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/
| NFDI4CULTURE
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies?and=false&amp;page=1&amp;sortedBy=title&amp;size=10&amp;collection=NFDI4CULTURE
|-
| Controlled Vocabulary
| Q1469824
| Consistency
| The Dictionary
| Integrated Authority File / die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)
| https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showShortList
| Persons: Dürer, Albrecht
| https://d-nb.info/gnd/117751669
|-
| Taxonomy
| Q8269924
| Hierarchy
| Sorting things by type (general classification)
| Getty Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
| https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/
| German Surrealist Max Ernst (painting techniques used)
| https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/conservation-department-new/technical-studies-and-conservation-campaigns/portrait-of-an-artist-at-work-max-ernsts-surrealist-techniques/#:~:text=Frottage%20and%20Grattage,in%20his%20drawings%20in%201925.
|-
|
|
|
|
| Iconclass
| https://iconclass.org/
| Max Ernst’s &quot;The Virgin Spanking the Christ Child&quot; (Parady)
| https://www.wikiart.org/en/max-ernst/the-virgin-spanking-the-christ-child-before-three-witnesses-andre-breton-paul-eluard-and-the-1926
|-
| Ontology
| Q324254
| Semantics: Meaning &amp; logic (information science)
| The Rulebook or Writing Style Guide
| CIDOC (Comité International pour la DOCumentation / International Committee for Documentation)
| https://cidoc-crm.org/
| Sloane Lab Knowledge Base - unifying 3 collections
| https://knowledgebase.sloanelab.org/resource/Start
|-
| Knowledge Graph
| Q33002955
| Network of things and relations
| A Navigational Map
| Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance
| https://www.census.de/
| Artemis search
| https://database.census.de/#/detail/10013099
|-
|
|
|
|
| Research Space
| https://researchspace.org/
| Hokusai: The Great Picture Book of Everything
| https://hokusai-great-picture-book-everything.researchspace.org/resource/rsp:Start
|}


===== Schema-Übung =====
Zu bearbeitende Tabelle: https://tib.cloud/s/PicTdwCEqCQ6pBp

(Passwort: bim2026)

Wir werden uns mit folgenden Themen befassen: Ausstellung, Künstler und Katalog.

'''''Geben Sie die gefundenen URLs ein. Fügen Sie bei Bedarf neue Zeilen, Spalten und Kommentare hinzu. Führen Sie sowohl manuelle als auch KI-Suchen durch, um die Ergebnisse zu vergleichen.'''''

===== Übung Nr. 1: Trage Links zu passenden Elementen aus den folgenden Quellen in die Tabelle ein: =====

* 	Wikidata:WikiProject Exhibitions/Properties
* 	Generisches Wikibase-Modell für Kulturdaten – Wikibase4Research	NFDI4Culture
* 	CIDOC CRM (vollständig)
* 	Terminologiedienst (NFDII4Culture)
* Wikidata

===== Übung Nr. 2: Verwenden Sie KI-LLM, um passende Elemente zu finden =====

* &lt;nowiki&gt;https://gemini.google.com/&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==== Prototyping ====
Entweder in dieser oder in der nächsten Sitzung wird die Gruppe in Teams aufgeteilt.

===== Schema =====

# 	Entwicklung eines Datenmodells: „Objekte in einer Ausstellung“

===== Teile der Quarto-Publikation =====

# 	Ein Katalog einer Ausstellung des Sprengel Museums
# 	Ein Katalog aller Ausstellungen und Ausstellungskataloge
# 	Katalog der Ausstellungsbeiträge
# Ein Glossar	mit Begriffen – Personen und benannte Entitäten – aus Wikidata

===== Einführung in Quarto und Einfügen eines Ausstellungsbeitrags =====
Tools: Quarto, GitHub, VS Code, Jupyter Notebooks, Copilot: Agentic Coding)

'''Voraussetzungen'''

# 	Ein Laptop oder Computer, auf dem Sie VScode installieren können
# 	Sie benötigen 2FA auf Ihrem Mobilgerät
# 	Erstellen Sie ein GitHub-Konto
# 	Installiere VScode
# 	Verbinden Sie Ihr GitHub-Konto mit VScode
# Erstellen	Sie ein GitHub-Repository

'''Klonen:''' https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype

'''Modell: Auto'''

'''So wurde das Repo eingerichtet. Agent-Eingabeaufforderungen:'''

Ich möchte ein Quarto-Website-Projekt ausführen, bitte richte die Grundlagen ein. Das Projekt wird auf GitHub Pages veröffentlicht. Lege das Ausgabeverzeichnis auf „docs“ fest.

Erstellen Sie eine Seite für das Quarto-Projekt, die die für diesen Wikidata-Eintrag verwendeten Daten abruft und als professionelle Webseite rendert &lt;Fügen Sie hier Ihre Ausstellung ein – oder verwenden Sie diese&gt; https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 Der Ansatz sollte eine SPARQL-Abfrage für die Daten erstellen und diese dann mithilfe eines Jupyter-Notebooks als HTML rendern.

===== Aufgaben =====

* 	Ausstellung ändern – manuell
* 	Notebook ausführen – Agent
* 	Quarto ausführen und Vorschau anzeigen – manuell oder Agent
* Auf Ihren	GitHub Pages veröffentlichen – Agent

===== Schritt für Schritt =====
Teil 1: Arbeitsumgebung

# Erstelle ein GitHub-Konto – &lt;nowiki&gt;https://github.com/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
# Richte die Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung (2FA) ein – in der Regel auf dem Handy (Google Authenticator)
# Installiere VSCode – https://code.visualstudio.com/download
# Installiere GitHub Desktop – https://desktop.github.com/download/
# Füge dein GitHub-Konto hinzu, wenn du dazu aufgefordert wirst, und verwende die 2FA

Schritt 2: Der Prototyp

# Forken Sie das Repository: https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype
# Testen Sie Quarto im Terminal:
## quarto check
## quarto render
## quarto preview (Strg+C – zum Beenden)
# Falls es nicht funktioniert, führen Sie Quarto über den Agent aus
# Ändern Sie die Wikidata-Ausstellung im Notebook
# Notebook ausführen
# quarto render und quarto preview ausführen
# Alles speichern
# Git: Nachricht, Commit und Push
# Auf GitHub.com dein Repository
## Seiten aktivieren: GitHub Actions
## Code: Über das Zahnrad – Klicke auf „Meine GitHub Pages verwenden“
## Registerkarte „Actions“: Quarto-Projekt veröffentlichen
# ENDE – Wiederholen :-)

===== Hausaufgabe – Sitzung Nr. 4 =====

* 	Hol alle Bücher aus der HsH-Bibliothek, die Ausstellungskataloge	des Sprengel Museums sind. Bring sie zur nächsten Vorlesung mit
* 	Erstelle einen Ausstellungs-Eintrag, falls noch nicht geschehen
* Arbeite mit	VSCode und dem Agent und experimentiere

==== Sitzung 5: Prototypenerstellung: Running Quarto Prototype, Federation, Prototype Teams ====

* Running Quarto Prototype - wie oben - https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype 
* DNB data download https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition
* Data Federation - WB4R 

===== Links =====
https://wikibase.wbworkshop.tibwiki.io/wiki/Main_Page

Glossar - https://nfdi4culture.github.io/linked-open-exhibition/Documentation/glossary

===== DNB Suche =====
https://portal.dnb.de/opac/moveDown?currentResultId=Sprengel+and+Museum%26any&amp;categoryId=books
Sprengel Museum, 602 Artikel
'''Über die Dienstleistungen von DNB'''
https://www.dnb.de/librarylab
https://deutsche-nationalbibliothek.github.io/jupyterlite/lab/
'''AUCH'''
https://wiki.dnb.de/spaces/LINKEDDATASERVICE/pages/449878933/DNB+SPARQL+Service+BETA

===== Prototype Teams =====

* DNB-Daten
* Katalog durchsuchen
* Ausstellungsbeiträge
* Vollständiges Datenmodell (alle)


ENDE

---

== EN ==

''Materials and Tasks for the module &quot;BIM-126-02, SoSe 2026, Worthington/Blümel&quot; for students at Hochschule Hannover. The materials are prepared with several colleagues from the [https://www.tib.eu/de/forschung-entwicklung/forschungsgruppen-und-labs/open-science Open Science Lab at TIB] Hannover.''

Project GitHub repo: https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition 

==== Summary ====
The eight session course covers an introduction to Linked Open Data (LOD) in the context of :

# Open Galleries Libraries Archives and Museums (GLAM), and; 
# The use of Wikimedia Foundation platforms.

The Wikimedia Foundation platforms that will be used are: Wikidata; Wikibase, MediaWiki, and  Wikimedia Commons.

AI LLM will be used in the workflows: Code assistant ''copilot'', and a variety of AI LLM chat services for file generation and configurations to create SPARQL queries, Jinja 2.0 templates, etc. 

„KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) can be used for unmetered ChatGPT5 https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat  

The Methodologies employed are: Open-source software, Open Science, and rapid prototyping.

==== Linked Open Exhibition ====
The question being explored for the class is how can LOD be uséd to benefit museum exhibitions as Linked Open Exhibitions – a record of the exhibition, a catalogues of items in an exhibition, and other important data? As examples '''to gain exhibitions increased visitors numbers and create greater depth of engagement'''.

With a focus of the question on how to make LOD records of '''items in an exhibition'''.

==== Learning points – In order of priority ====

# '''Wikidata/Wikibase LOD concepts:''' Items, Properties, Values, Qualifiers, Wikibase schemas, Classes, Lexemes, Knowledge Base, and Knowledge Graphs.
# '''Linked Open Data (LOD):''' Semantic web, 5 star, RDF/Triples, Ontologies, Taxonomies, and controlled vocabularies.
# '''Using LOD source:''' Identifiers, PIDs, information sources, media sources, and import and export tooling.
# '''Data modelling:''' Methodologies, schema use, visualisation, and testing.
# '''Data workflow tools:''' Git, IDE, AI code assistant (copilot), AI Chat, using Wikimedia Foundation tooling, data import and export tools, generating PIDs and making deposits in a scholarly repository.
# '''Data presentation and data use:''' Wikidata Query Service results, MediaWiki infoboxes, AI Chat SPARQL query processing.
# '''Open Science practice:''' Open-source software, Open Notebook Science, Open Licencing, PIDs, FAIR Data Principles, and ethical and good practice AI use.

==== Sessions ====
The sessions would be about cataloguing Sprengel Museum exhibitions using LOD and how to make visualisations and presentations.

'''Learning to use LOD is the goal of the learning.''' The method will be to build out from a kernel of an ‘exhibition’ and add ‘item in an exhibition’. From the start the students will be the ones who make the LOD. This will start with minimal entries my by the students, then layering these up with – Identifiers, LOD Media sources, schemas, etc. And finally moving onto how to present the data in a way that satisfies the ‘use case’: '''to gain exhibitions increased visitors numbers and create greater depth of engagement'''. Here presentation technologies are used: MediaWiki infoboxes, Wikidata Query Service results, AI Chat SPARQL queries and other features, etc.

===== Session 1: Exhibition timeline creation - build out, add exhibitions =====

# Record minimal information for an exhibition in Wikidata as Linked Open Data: Title, museum, date, etc. e.g., https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 –  See: Table 1: ''Minimal data entries for an exhibition''
# View the exhibition record in Wikidata Query Service results link (timeline and graph https://w.wiki/J8NJ | https://w.wiki/J8aS )
# Review exhibition entries.
# Cover topics raised by making a LOD entry: Wikidata basics, Wikidata good practice, consulting schemas, importance of review and using GitHub Issues, comparing available data – before and after.

===== Session 2: Exhibition cataloguing - build up, add items, artists, catalogues =====

===== Session 3: Museum visit - Sprengel Museum =====

===== Session 4: Schemas and Prototyping (the end of class project) =====

===== Session 5: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====

===== Session 6: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====

===== Session 7: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====

===== Session 8: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====
---

==== Session 1: Exhibition timeline creation - build out, add exhibitions ====
The exercise: Create a Linked Open Data record for an exhibition using Wikidata (minimal entry).

A. '''Creating the exhibition entry in Wikidata.'''

# Login to Wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/
# Have a source at hand to make a data entry, e.g.,
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/ausstellungen/archiv
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised
#* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung%26any&amp;currentPosition=1
# Check there is no existing entry for the exhibition is on Wikidata. Use the search function. 
# Create an item or edit an existing item.
#* Note: Check which language you are using. We will be adding Deutsch and English entries (starting with Deutsch).
# Create the following data entries in Wikidata, see: Table 1: ''Minimal data entries for an exhibition.''
# Review exhibition Wikidata entries. Review is carried out by using three questions. Add comments if needed, corrections can be made. Results and notes can be added to the Discussion Page of the entry, e.g., 
#* All entries present [   ]
#* All entries correct [   ]
#* Entries are in Deutsch and English – within reason [   ]

''Table'' ''1: Minimal data entries for an exhibition''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |'''Fields used to make an exhibition entry. See example: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468'''
|-
|A
|Label
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Note: Keep short. Use title from exhibition
|-
|B
|Description
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Note: Use to differentiate from other entries. Follow this example: Gabriela Jolowicz Holzschnitte Ausstellung im Sprengel Museum, Hannover, 2026
|-
|
|'''Property (P) and Item (Q)'''
|'''URI'''
|'''DE'''
|'''EN'''
|'''Add'''
|'''Note'''
|-
|1
|P31
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31
|ist ein(e)
|instance of
|Q464980
|Add item
|-
|2
|Q464980
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464980
|Ausstellung
|Exhibition
|
|(Used above)
|-
|3
|P1476
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1476
|Titel
|Title
|Title
|Plain text
|-
|4
|P276
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P276
|Ort
|Location
|Sprengel Museum Hannover Q510144
|Add item
|-
|5
|P580
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P580
|Startzeitpunkt
|Start time
|Date
|YYYY-MM-DD
|-
|6
|P582
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P582
|Endzeitpunkt
|End time
|Date
|YYYY-MM-DD
|-
|7
|P1640
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1640
|Kurator
|Curator
|Person
|Add item (if don't exists will need to create/can omit at present)
|-
|8
|P710
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P710
|Teilnehmer
|Participant
|Person (the artist)
|Add item (if don't exists will need to create/can omit at present)
|-
|9
|P856
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P856
|offizielle Website
|Official website
|URL
|URL
|}
'''''End of Session 1.'''''

==== Homework exercises ====

# Complete your allocated exhibition. Make sure all fields are complete from Table 1. If something cannot be added, either: A. Make a note in the exhibition allocation spreadsheet, or B. Send and email to [mailto:Simon.worththington@tib.eu simon.worththington@tib.eu] and I will help resolve your issue.  '''Note: If you did not create an exhibition entry during the class make sure one is complete before the next class.'''
# Create a GitHub account and add your GitHub handle next to your name, column ‘GitHub handle’,  in the exhibition allocation spreadsheet.
# Review your classmates exhibition entries. You have all been allocated a entry to review, see the Exhibition Allocation spreadsheet. Your name will be in column G. This first review has three questions – tick the boxes to show if each item has been complete and either add comments or correct the Wikidata exhibition entry.  '''Note: If your allocated Exhibition entry hasn’t been made by you classmate then please contact them and ask them to complete the entry.'''  Questions are:
## Are all the required fields present?
## Are all the fields correct?
## Is there an Deutsch and English entry?
---

==== Session 2: Exhibition cataloguing - build up, add items, artists, catalogues ====
The session has five exercies:

# Exhibition update
# Artist
# Exhibition catalogue
# AI LLM SPARQL experiments
# &lt;s&gt;Artwork&lt;/s&gt;

The exercises include the following concepts:

==== Exercises ====

==== 1. Exhibition updates ====

* Homework review: Complete all fields for an exhibition. Review your assigned review exhibition answering the three questions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* For the label. Convert words in all caps to sentence case. Use: https://convertcase.net/title-case-converter/ | Change from, e.g., ADRIAN SAUER: TRUTH TABLESPECTRUM INTERNATIONALER PREIS FÜR FOTOGRAFIE DER STIFTUNG NIEDERSACHSEN to  Adrian Sauer: Truth Tablespectrum Internationaler Preis Für Fotografie Der Stiftung Niedersachsen.

* Add the English language versions. Use DeepL to translate: https://www.deepl.com/en/translator
** Title: Add English title

* Add the following. Change P710 Teilnehmer (Participant) to P921 zentrales Thema '''artists name.''' 
** Qualifier on central theme to indicate the person is contributing artwork.

* Use: Qualifier P170 creator and add artist Q483501 (type artists and it will automcomplete)

* Reference: Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID for a person, e.g., Gabriela Jolowicz https://d-nb.info/gnd/134184963 | Search your persons name and copy in the last part of number 134184963
* Talk page: Add in the review questions for your Wikidata entry:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch?&lt;/blockquote&gt;Notice the useful links that tell you more about connected Linked Open Data!

Note: SPARQL query showing data model. Properties and and values. Results: https://w.wiki/JMLX Made with Gemini AI: https://gemini.google.com/share/c43f34a67f67

==== Concepts ====

* Wikidata parts – see about and diagram:
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction/de
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction#/media/File:Datamodel_in_Wikidata.svg
* Applying a review process using Talk pages
* Adding References
* Using a type of LOD source – '''An authority record''' Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm  
* SPARQL query

---

==== 2. Artists ====
The objective here is to ensure all artists have been included in exhibition listing and to then review the existing artists entry.

Later a SPARQL query will be made to compare statements about all the artists in our dataset.

* Before reviewing artists items make sure all artists have been listed in the exhibition item, with qualifier of being an artist and a reference to their GND record.

===== Important statements =====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Concept
|CIDOC CRM (Full)
|Linked Art (Selection)
|Wikidata Equivalent
|Note
|-
|Entity
|E21 Person
|Person
|Q5 (human)
|The base instance.
|-
|Label/Name
|P1 is identified by → E33_E41
|identified_by (Name)
|
|Linked Art flattens this into a simple list of names.
|-
|
|
|
|P735 Given name
|
|-
|
|
|
|P734 Family name
|
|-
|Profession
|P2 has type → E55 Type
|classified_as
|P106 (occupation)
|Map to AAT 300025103 (artist).
|-
|Birth
|P98i was born → E67 Birth
|born (Birth)
|P569 (date of birth)
|CRM treats birth as an event; Wikidata as a property.
|-
|Death
|P100i died in → E69 Death
|died (Death)
|P570 (date of death)
|If the artist is still living, this is omitted.
|-
|Nationality
|P107i member of → E74 Group
|classified_as (Type)
|P27 (citizenship)
|Linked Art often models nationality as a Type.
|-
|Reference
|P1 identifies ← E42 Identifier
|identified_by (Identifier)
|QID (The URI itself)
|Used to link to external authorities (ULAN, VIAF).
|-
|Commons category
|?
|?
|P373 search name
|&lt;nowiki&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|}


From Google Gemini: https://gemini.google.com/share/578cc1b886d0

---

===== Schemas and communities need consulting. =====
From Wikimedia:

* WikiProject Visual Arts: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Visual_arts
* Wikiproject Exhibitions: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Exhibitions

Semi-formal

Generic Wikibase Model for Cultural Data: https://kgi4nfdi.github.io/Guidelines/guide/wikibase/data_modelling_import/

Formal:

CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) - https://cidoc-crm.org/

Linked Art (based on CIDOC) https://linked.art/model/actor/

==== Concepts ====

* Data modeling
* Schemas
* Use case
* Bottom up design
* Identifiers

---

==== 3. Exhibition Catalogue ====
Search in both of these two places to find information about the catalogue for your assigned exhibition.

* Sprengel Museum publication catalogue - https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised
* DND (example) you can search for the exhibition name or Sprengel Museum '''-'''  https://portal.dnb.de/opac/simpleSearch?query=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung&amp;cqlMode=true 

''Note: Make a note of any links you find in the exhibition listings spreadsheet.''

===== Make a Wikidata entry for the catalogue =====
Note: first search for publication before making Wikidata entry. Use title, use ISBN, use GND.

An example publication from DNB and Sprengel Shop.

* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=Gabriela+and+Jolowicz%26any&amp;currentPosition=0
* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised

===== Enter these statements =====
Note: Remember Label and Description
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Property
|Label
|Description/Example
|-
|P31
|instance of
|catalogue (Q2352616)
|-
|P1476
|title
|The official title of the catalogue (e.g., Vermeer and the Masters of Genre Painting)
|-
|P50
|author
|The main curator or art historian (item link)
|-
|P123
|publisher
|The museum or publishing house (e.g., Louvre Museum)
|-
|P577
|publication date
|Year of release (e.g., 2024)
|-
|P212
|ISBN-13
|The 13-digit standard book identifier
|-
|
|GND
|ID
|-
|P973
|described at URL
|A link to the catalogue's page on the museum’s website
|}
Google Gemini  https://gemini.google.com/share/9a21f5522192

Example input: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138646145

===== Link the record back to the exhibition =====
P972	Title

==== Concepts ====

* Data modeling
* Identifier
* Data as CC Zero / Copyright of data
---

==== 4. AI LLM SPARQL experiments ====
The Wikidata has a SPARQL interface where the LOD in Wikidata can be searched (queried) and outputted in a number of ways, formats, and a visualisations. As well as being saved on the web.

We will us AI LLM chat to generate SPARQL queries.

Later we will learn the fundamentals of writing a SPARQL query. But for the moment we want to see how they have be generated, the options, and creative applications.

Using chat services or code assistants can be a valuable way to learn about new technologies.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Service
|Best For
|Standout Feature
|Key Model(s)
|-
|'''ChatGPT'''
|General Use &amp; Tasks
|Deep Research &amp; Agent Mode
|GPT-5.4, GPT-5
|-
|'''Claude'''
|Coding &amp; Writing
|Artifacts (interactive workspace)
|Claude 4.5, 4.6
|-
|'''Google Gemini'''
|Google Ecosystem
|Nano Banana (native image/video)
|Gemini 3.1 Pro
|-
|Perplexity
|Real-time Research
|Native Citations &amp; Search Labs
|Sonar, GPT-5, Claude
|-
|MS Copilot
|Office Productivity
|Copilot Vision &amp; 365 Integration
|GPT-5.2, Prometheus
|-
|DeepSeek
|Logical Reasoning
|High-tier performance at low cost
|DeepSeek-V3, R1
|-
|Grok
|Real-time Social Info
|Unfiltered X (Twitter) integration
|Grok 4.1
|-
|'''Meta AI'''
|Social Media
|Seamless integration in WhatsApp/IG
|Llama 4 (Scout)
|-
|Poe
|Model Testing
|Access multiple LLMs in one app
|Multi-model aggregator
|-
|Mistral (Le Chat)
|Privacy &amp; Developers
|European-hosted, GDPR-focused
|Mistral Large 3
|}
Some of these can also be used via KISSKI

„KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) can be used for unmetered ChatGPT5 https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat  

=== The exercise ===
The group will be split into a number of Zoom breakout groups and then the group spends 20 minutes experimenting generating SPARQL queries and other creative applications.

Paste in results here: https://tib.cloud/apps/files/files/8251374?dir=/NFDI4Culture/HsH/BIM26/bim26-shared&amp;editing=false&amp;openfile=true 

Each room is assigned a Chat engine.

Maximum there will be four groups.

·      Group #1: '''ChatGPT'''

·      Group #2: '''Claude'''

·      Group #3: '''Google Gemini'''

·       Group #4: '''Meta AI'''

=== Example exercise ===
Chat bots can read  a SPARQL query or a Wikidata address.

e.g.,

Item https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468

query graph https://w.wiki/JPNc

query timeline https://w.wiki/JPPN

Item Sprengel Museum https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510144 

Then the chatbot can be instructed to do things based on the information provided.

You should ask the chat bot to generate Wikidata SPARQL queries and then paste the queries into the SPARQL querie interface. https://query.wikidata.org/

Use these examples and invent your own:

# Create dashboard (count of things)
# Create inventory (table)
# Create graph data model

Some output SPARQL queries

·       Map of artists place of birth - https://w.wiki/JPT3 

·       List of exhibitions - https://w.wiki/JPR3 

·       As plot of exhibitions - https://w.wiki/J8aS

==== Homework: Session 2 ====
Create a bottom up  data model of an artwork in an exhibition. Include only the minimum information needed. The result should be a table like the ones presented for exhibition, artist, and catalogue. The table should include properties and attributes. You should consult the schemas mentioned above. You can use AI but attribute the AI and link to your question. If you use AI review the results and make notes about what you changed.

Note: Think about how parts are related and what you need to add and what already exists in Wikidata.

Submit your results as a spreadsheet or table.  

===== Session 3: Museum visit - Sprengel Museum =====
19 March 2026

===== Session #4: Schemas and Prototyping (the end of class project) =====

===== Recap and outline =====
Done

* Creating exhibition entries in Wikidata
* Filling our data models for Artist and Catalogue
* Exploring the museum and its activities to help steer the prototype

To do

* Decide on the ideas for the prototype
* Data model for items in an exhibition (Artwork and Exhibition)
* Complete a data model for the end of the project that can be used by museums and complies to the sector standards – CIDOC and Wikidata.

===== What have we learned about the ‘Museum’s Story’ =====
TBC

===== Schemas =====
An opportunity to become familiar with how Linked Open Data is structured using common agreements on  working practices.

Over the period of the course a data model will be developed and finalised to describe ‘items in an exhibition’. The data model will be published  for community consultation and testing.

===== Schemas and key concepts =====
Table: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP 

* Schema
* Terminology Service
* Controlled Vocabulary
* Taxonomy
* Ontology
* Knowledge Graph

Table X: link: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP Terminology used in Linked Open Data (LOD) 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|-
! **Concept**
! **Wikidata link (Concept)**
! **Primary Focus**
! **Analogy**
! **Example resource**
! **URL**
! **Example use**
! **URL**
|-
| Schema
| Q1397073
| Data Structure
| The Template. Conceptual schema / data model
| Schema.org
| https://schema.org/
| VisualArtwork
| https://schema.org/VisualArtwork
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) &quot;Among the Sierra Nevada, California&quot;
| https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20475372
|-
| Terminology Service
| Q22692845
| Distribution
| A Library of Vocabularies, Schemas, Ontologies, etc
| TIB Terminology Service
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/
| NFDI4CULTURE
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies?and=false&amp;page=1&amp;sortedBy=title&amp;size=10&amp;collection=NFDI4CULTURE
|-
| Controlled Vocabulary
| Q1469824
| Consistency
| The Dictionary
| Integrated Authority File / die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)
| https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showShortList
| Persons: Dürer, Albrecht
| https://d-nb.info/gnd/117751669
|-
| Taxonomy
| Q8269924
| Hierarchy
| Sorting things by type (general classification)
| Getty Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
| https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/
| German Surrealist Max Ernst (painting techniques used)
| https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/conservation-department-new/technical-studies-and-conservation-campaigns/portrait-of-an-artist-at-work-max-ernsts-surrealist-techniques/#:~:text=Frottage%20and%20Grattage,in%20his%20drawings%20in%201925.
|-
|
|
|
|
| Iconclass
| https://iconclass.org/
| Max Ernst’s &quot;The Virgin Spanking the Christ Child&quot; (Parady)
| https://www.wikiart.org/en/max-ernst/the-virgin-spanking-the-christ-child-before-three-witnesses-andre-breton-paul-eluard-and-the-1926
|-
| Ontology
| Q324254
| Semantics: Meaning &amp; logic (information science)
| The Rulebook or Writing Style Guide
| CIDOC (Comité International pour la DOCumentation / International Committee for Documentation)
| https://cidoc-crm.org/
| Sloane Lab Knowledge Base - unifying 3 collections
| https://knowledgebase.sloanelab.org/resource/Start
|-
| Knowledge Graph
| Q33002955
| Network of things and relations
| A Navigational Map
| Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance
| https://www.census.de/
| Artemis search
| https://database.census.de/#/detail/10013099
|-
|
|
|
|
| Research Space
| https://researchspace.org/
| Hokusai: The Great Picture Book of Everything
| https://hokusai-great-picture-book-everything.researchspace.org/resource/rsp:Start
|}

===== Schemas exercise =====
Spreadsheet to work on: https://tib.cloud/s/PicTdwCEqCQ6pBp

(password: bim2026)

We will be looking at: Exhibition, Artist, and Catalogue.

'''''Enter the URLs found. Add new rows, columns, comments if needed. Keep manual searches as well as AI searches for comparison.'''''

===== Exercise #1: Enter links into the spreadsheet of matching items from the following: =====

* Wikidata:WikiProject Exhibitions/Properties
* Generic Wikibase Model for Cultural Data - Wikibase4Research NFDI4Culture
* CIDOC CRM (Full)
* Terminology Service (NFDII4Culture)
* Wikidata

===== Exercise #2: Use AI LLM to find matching items =====

* https://gemini.google.com/ 

==== Prototyping ====
Either in this session or in the next session the group will be divided into teams.

===== Schema =====

# Data model development: ‘items in an exhibition’

===== Quarto publication parts =====

# A catalogue of a Sprengel Museum exhibition
# A catalogue of all exhibitions and exhibition catalogues
# Catalogue of exhibition entries
---

==== Learning to use Quarto and inserting an exhibition entry ====
Tools: Quarto, GitHub, VS Code, Jupyter Notebooks, Codespace if needed, copilot: Agentic Coding)

'''Requirements'''

# A laptop or computer where you can install VScode
# You will need 2FA on your mobile (optional)
# Create a GitHub account
# Install VScode
# Connect Github account to VScode
# Create GitHub reposoitory

'''Fork the following repository:''' https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype 

'''Model: Auto'''

'''How the repo was setup. Agent promts:'''&lt;blockquote&gt;''I want to run a Quarto website project, please setup the basics. The project will be published on GitHub Pages. Set the output directory to docs.'' &lt;/blockquote&gt;Create a page for the quarto project that retrieves the data used for thie Wikidata item and renders it as  professional webpage ''&lt;Insert your exhibition here – or use this one&gt;''  https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 The approach should create a SPARQL query for the data and then render this as HTML using a Jupyter Notebook.

All entries: https://tib.cloud/s/fncf8W6pXs8qgiq (needs password)

===== Tasks =====

* Change exhibition - manual
* Run Jupyter Notebook 
* Run and preview Quarto 
* Publish to your GitHub Pages 

===== Step-by-step =====

====== Part one: Working environment ======
'''''NOTE: If you are having problems running locally then use the Codespace online option.'''''

# Create GitHub account - https://github.com/
# Have 2FA available - usually on mobile (Google authenticator) (optional)
# Install VSCode - https://code.visualstudio.com/download
# Install GitHub Desktop - https://desktop.github.com/download/
# Add Github account when prompted, use 2FA

====== Step two: The prototype ======
# Fork the repository:  https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype
# If working locally continue - if using Codespace - launch Codespace (see below and then continue)
# Test Quarto in the Terminal: 
## &lt;code&gt;quarto check&lt;/code&gt; 
## &lt;code&gt;quarto render&lt;/code&gt;
## &lt;code&gt;quarto preview&lt;/code&gt; (control C - to stop)
# If not working run Quarto from Agent
# Change Wikidata exhibition in Notebook
# Run notebook
# Run &lt;code&gt;quarto render&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;quarto preview&lt;/code&gt;
# Save all (or use auto save)
# Git: Message, Commit and Push
# On GitHub.com your repository
## Turn on Pages: GitHub Actions
## Code: About cog - Click use my GitHub Pages
## Actions tab: Publish Quarto Project
# ENDE - Rinse repeat  :-)

===== Codespace option: =====
Codespace is an online Virtual Machine which can be launched from GitHub.

The repository includes a Dev Container configuration so you can work entirely in the browser without installing anything locally.

# On the repository page on GitHub, click Code → Codespaces → Create codespace on main.
# Wait for the container to build — Python packages from &lt;code&gt;requirements.txt&lt;/code&gt; are installed automatically - about 5 minutes.
# Once everything is installed the Codespace can be used anytime. It automatically shutsdown when left alone and can be restarted any time.
# Work done in Codespace must be pushed back to the repository.
# If Codespace is not used for 28 days the Codespace is deleted.

---

===== Homework - session #4 =====

* Get all books from HsH library that are Sprengel Museum exhibition catalogues. Bring to the next class
* Make an exhibition entry if not done
* Work with VSCode and the Agent and experiment
* Add entries from existing ontologies: https://tib.cloud/s/PicTdwCEqCQ6pBp?dir=/&amp;editing=false&amp;openfile=true

==== Sitzung 5: Prototyping: Running Quarto Prototype, Federation, Prototype Teams ====

* Running Quarto Prototype - https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype 
* DNB data download https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition
* Data Federation - WB4R

===== Links =====
https://wikibase.wbworkshop.tibwiki.io/wiki/Main_Page

Glossar - https://nfdi4culture.github.io/linked-open-exhibition/Documentation/glossary

===== DNB Search =====
https://portal.dnb.de/opac/moveDown?currentResultId=Sprengel+and+Museum%26any&amp;categoryId=books

Sprengel Museum, 602 Artikel

'''About the DNB'''
https://www.dnb.de/librarylab
https://deutsche-nationalbibliothek.github.io/jupyterlite/lab/

'''Also'''

https://wiki.dnb.de/spaces/LINKEDDATASERVICE/pages/449878933/DNB+SPARQL+Service+BETA

===== Prototype Teams =====

* DNB Data
* Katalog scan
* Exhibition entries
* Datenmodell (alle)
===== --- =====
[[Category:Wikidata]]</text>
      <sha1>5yr0w1pe25chjupnyqfk6hlg4rnoe5j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806815</id>
      <parentid>2806798</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T16:37:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mrchristian</username>
        <id>281704</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>codespace</comment>
      <origin>2806815</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="63509" sha1="ld1hj459lhtnfwdsncjrkb0rs5ombty" xml:space="preserve">DE (EN Below)

{{TOCleft}}

==== Linked Open Exhibition ====
''Materialien und Aufgaben für das Modul „BIM-126-02, SoSe 2026, Worthington/Blümel” für Studierende der Hochschule Hannover. Die Materialien werden gemeinsam mit mehreren Kollegen aus dem [https://www.tib.eu/de/forschung-entwicklung/forschungsgruppen-und-labs/open-science Open Science Lab] der TIB Hannover erstellt.''

Projekt-GitHub-Repo: https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition  

==== Zusammenfassung ====
Der achtteilige Kurs bietet eine Einführung in Linked Open Data (LOD) im Kontext von:

# Open Galleries Libraries Archives and Museums (GLAM) und 
# der Nutzung von Plattformen der Wikimedia Foundation.

Die folgenden Plattformen der Wikimedia Foundation werden verwendet: Wikidata, Wikibase, MediaWiki und Wikimedia Commons.

AI LLM wird in den folgenden Workflows verwendet: Code Assistant ''Copilot'' und eine Vielzahl von AI LLM-Chat-Diensten für die Dateierstellung und Konfigurationen zur Erstellung von SPARQL-Abfragen, Jinja 2.0-Vorlagen usw. 

Das „KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) kann für unbegrenztes ChatGPT5 genutzt werden: https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat  

Die verwendeten Methoden sind: Open-Source-Software, Open Science und Rapid Prototyping.

==== Linked Open Exhibition ====
Die Frage, die in diesem Kurs untersucht wird, lautet: Wie kann LOD genutzt werden, um Museumsausstellungen als Linked Open Exhibitions zu verbessern – als Aufzeichnung der Ausstellung, als Katalog der Ausstellungsstücke und für andere wichtige Daten? Als Beispiele '''dienen die Steigerung der Besucherzahlen von Ausstellungen und die Schaffung einer größeren Tiefe des Engagements'''.

Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Frage, wie LOD-Aufzeichnungen von '''Exponaten in einer Ausstellung''' erstellt werden können.

==== Lernpunkte – in der Reihenfolge ihrer Priorität ====

# '''Wikidata/Wikibase LOD-Konzepte:''' Objekte, Eigenschaften, Werte, Qualifikatoren, Wikibase-Schemas, Klassen, Lexeme, Wissensbasis und Wissensgraphen.
# '''Linked Open Data (LOD):''' Semantic Web, 5-Sterne-Bewertung, RDF/Triples, Ontologien, Taxonomien und kontrollierte Vokabulare.
# '''Verwendung von LOD-Quellen:''' Identifikatoren, PIDs, Informationsquellen, Medienquellen sowie Import- und Export-Tools.
# '''Datenmodellierung:''' Methodiken, Schemaverwendung, Visualisierung und Testen.
# '''Daten-Workflow-Tools:''' Git, IDE, KI-Code-Assistent (Copilot), KI-Chat, Verwendung von Wikimedia Foundation-Tools, Datenimport- und -export-Tools, Generierung von PIDs und Hinterlegung in einem wissenschaftlichen Repositorium.
# '''Datenpräsentation und Datennutzung:''' Ergebnisse des Wikidata Query Service, MediaWiki-Infoboxen, Verarbeitung von SPARQL-Abfragen durch KI-Chat.
# '''Open-Science-Praxis:''' Open-Source-Software, Open Notebook Science, Open Licensing, PIDs, FAIR-Datenprinzipien sowie ethische und bewährte Verfahren bei der Nutzung von KI.

==== Sitzungen ====
Die Sitzungen befassen sich mit der Katalogisierung von Ausstellungen des Sprengel Museums unter Verwendung von LOD und der Erstellung von Visualisierungen und Präsentationen.

'''Das Ziel des Lernens ist es, den Umgang''' mit '''LOD''' zu '''erlernen.''' Die Methode besteht darin, ausgehend von einem Kern einer „Ausstellung” „Exponate in einer Ausstellung” hinzuzufügen. Von Anfang an sind es die Studierenden, die die LOD erstellen. Dies beginnt mit minimalen Einträgen der Studierenden, die dann mit Identifikatoren, LOD-Medienquellen, Schemata usw. ergänzt werden. Schließlich wird gezeigt, wie die Daten so präsentiert werden können, dass sie dem „Anwendungsfall” entsprechen: '''die Besucherzahlen der Ausstellungen zu steigern und ein tieferes Engagement zu erreichen'''. Hier kommen Präsentationstechnologien zum Einsatz: MediaWiki-Infoboxen, Ergebnisse des Wikidata Query Service, KI-Chat-SPARQL-Abfragen und andere Funktionen usw.

==== Sitzung 1: Erstellung einer Ausstellung-Zeitleiste – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Ausstellungen ====

# Erfassen Sie minimale Informationen zu einer Ausstellung in Wikidata als Linked Open Data: Titel, Museum, Datum usw. Beispiel: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 –  Siehe: Tabelle1 : ''Minimale Dateneinträge für eine Ausstellung''
# Zeigen Sie den Ausstellungseintrag in Wikidata an Ergebnisse des Abfragedienstes anzeigen Link (Zeitleiste und Grafik https://w.wiki/J8NJ | https://w.wiki/J8aS )
# Überprüfen Sie die Ausstellungseinträge.
# Behandeln Sie Themen, die durch die Erstellung eines LOD-Eintrags aufgeworfen werden: Wikidata-Grundlagen, bewährte Verfahren für Wikidata, Konsultation von Schemata, Bedeutung der Überprüfung und Verwendung von GitHub Issues, Vergleich der verfügbaren Daten – vorher und nachher.

==== Sitzung 2: Ausstellungskatalogisierung – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Objekten, Künstlern, Katalogen ====

==== Sitzung 3: Museumsbesuch – Sprengel Museum (noch zu bestätigen) ====

==== Sitzung 4: Ausstellungskatalogisierung – Massenhinzufügungen: Hinzufügen von Objekten, Künstlern, Katalogen ====

==== Sitzung 5: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====

==== Sitzung 6: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====

==== Sitzung 7: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====

==== Sitzung 8: Prototypenerstellung: Dateneingabe, Visualisierung und Präsentation ====
---

==== Sitzung 1: Erstellung eines Ausstellungskalenders – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Ausstellungen ====
Die Übung: Erstellen Sie einen Linked-Open-Data-Datensatz für eine Ausstellung mit Wikidata (Mindestangaben).

A. '''Erstellen des Ausstellungseintrags in Wikidata.'''

# Anmeldung bei Wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/
# Halten Sie eine Quelle bereit, um Daten einzugeben, z. B.
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/ausstellungen/archiv
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised
#* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung%26any&amp;currentPosition=1  
# Überprüfen Sie, ob es bereits einen Eintrag für die Ausstellung auf Wikidata gibt. Verwenden Sie dazu die Suchfunktion. 
# Erstellen Sie einen Eintrag oder bearbeiten Sie einen bestehenden Eintrag.
#* Hinweis: Überprüfen Sie, welche Sprache Sie verwenden. Wir werden Einträge in Deutsch und Englisch hinzufügen (beginnend mit Deutsch).
# Erstellen Sie die folgenden Dateneinträge in Wikidata, siehe: Tabelle 1: ''Minimale Dateneinträge für eine Ausstellung.''
# Überprüfen Sie die Wikidata-Einträge zur Ausstellung. Die Überprüfung erfolgt anhand von drei Fragen. Fügen Sie bei Bedarf Kommentare hinzu, Korrekturen können vorgenommen werden. Ergebnisse und Anmerkungen können auf der Diskussionsseite des Eintrags hinzugefügt werden, z. B. 
#* Alle Einträge vorhanden [   ]
#* Alle Einträge sind korrekt [   ]
#* Einträge sind in Deutsch und Englisch – im Rahmen des Zumutbaren [   ]

''Tabelle2 : Mindestdaten für einen Ausstellungseintrag''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |'''Felder, die zur Erstellung eines Ausstellungseintrags verwendet werden. Siehe Beispiel: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468''' 
|-
|A
|Beschriftung
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Hinweis: Kurz halten. Titel der Ausstellung verwenden
|-
|B
|Beschreibung
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Hinweis: Zur Unterscheidung von anderen Einträgen verwenden. Folgen Sie diesem Beispiel: Gabriela Jolowicz Holzschnitte Ausstellung im Sprengel Museum, Hannover, 2026
|-
|
|'''Eigentum (P) und Objekt (Q)'''
|'''URI'''
|'''DE'''
|
|'''Hinzufügen'''
|'''Anmerkung'''
|-
|1
|P31
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31
|ist ein(e)
|Instanz von
|Q464980
|Element hinzufügen
|-
|2
|Q464980
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464980
|Ausstellung
|Ausstellung
|
|(oben verwendet)
|-
|3
|P1476
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1476
|Titel
|Titel
|Titel
|Klartext
|-
|4
|P276
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P276
|Ort
|Standort
|Sprengel Museum Hannover Q510144
|Artikel hinzufügen
|-
|5
|P580
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P580
|Startzeitpunkt
|Startzeit
|Datum
|JJJJ-MM-TT
|-
|6
|P582
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P582
|Endzeitpunkt
|Endzeit
|Datum
|JJJJ-MM-TT
|-
|7
|P1640
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1640
|Kurator
|Kurator
|Person
|Element hinzufügen (falls nicht vorhanden, muss erstellt werden/kann derzeit weggelassen werden)
|-
|8
|P710
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P710
|Teilnehmer
|Teilnehmer
|Person (der Künstler)
|Element hinzufügen (falls nicht vorhanden, muss erstellt werden/kann derzeit weggelassen werden)
|-
|9
|P856
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P856
|Offizielle Website
|Offizielle Website
|URL
|URL
|}
Ende von Sitzung 1.

==== Hausaufgabenübungen ====
1. Vervollständigen Sie Ihre zugewiesene Ausstellung. Stellen Sie sicher, dass alle Felder aus Tabelle 1 ausgefüllt sind. Wenn etwas nicht hinzugefügt werden kann, haben Sie zwei Möglichkeiten: A. Machen Sie eine Notiz in der Tabelle zur Ausstellungszuweisung oder B. Senden Sie eine E-Mail an  [mailto:Simon.worththington@tib.eu simon.worththington@tib.eu] , damit ich Ihnen bei der Lösung Ihres Problems helfen kann.

'''Hinweis: Wenn Sie während des Unterrichts keinen Ausstellungseintrag erstellt haben, stellen Sie sicher, dass dieser vor der nächsten Unterrichtsstunde fertiggestellt ist.'''

2. Erstellen Sie ein GitHub-Konto und fügen Sie Ihren GitHub-Namen neben Ihrem Namen in der Spalte „GitHub-Name” in der Tabelle zur Zuweisung der Ausstellungen hinzu.

3. Überprüfen Sie die Ausstellungseinträge Ihrer Klassenkameraden. Ihnen wurde allen ein Eintrag zur Überprüfung zugewiesen, siehe Tabelle zur Zuweisung der Ausstellungen. Ihr Name steht in Spalte G. Diese erste Überprüfung umfasst drei Fragen – kreuzen Sie die Kästchen an, um anzuzeigen, ob jeder Punkt ausgefüllt wurde, und fügen Sie entweder Kommentare hinzu oder korrigieren Sie den Wikidata-Ausstellungseintrag.

'''Hinweis: Wenn der Ihnen zugewiesene Ausstellungseintrag nicht von Ihrem Klassenkameraden erstellt wurde, kontaktieren Sie ihn bitte und bitten Sie ihn, den Eintrag zu vervollständigen.'''

Die Fragen lauten:

1. Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

2. Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

3. Gibt es einen deutschen und einen englischen Eintrag?

---

=== Sitzung 2: Ausstellungskatalogisierung – Aufbau, Hinzufügen von Objekten, Künstlern, Katalogen ===

==== Die Sitzung umfasst fünf Übungen: ====

# Ausstellungsaktualisierung
# Künstler
# Ausstellungskatalog
# AI LLM SPARQL-Experimente
# &lt;s&gt;Kunstwerk&lt;/s&gt;

==== Die Übungen umfassen die folgenden Konzepte: ====

==== Übungen ====

==== 1. Aktualisierung der Ausstellung ====

* Hausaufgabenüberprüfung: Füllen Sie alle Felder für eine Ausstellung aus. Überprüfen Sie die Ihnen zugewiesene Ausstellung, indem Sie die folgenden drei Fragen beantworten:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* Für das Label. Wandeln Sie Wörter in Großbuchstaben in Satzschrift um. Verwenden Sie: https://convertcase.net/title-case-converter/ | Ändern Sie z. B. ADRIAN SAUER: TRUTH TABLESPECTRUM INTERNATIONALER PREIS FÜR FOTOGRAFIE DER STIFTUNG NIEDERSACHSEN in Adrian Sauer: Truth Tablespectrum Internationaler Preis Für Fotografie Der Stiftung Niedersachsen.
* Fügen Sie die englischen Versionen hinzu. Verwenden Sie DeepL zum Übersetzen: https://www.deepl.com/en/translator
** Titel: Fügen Sie den englischen Titel hinzu
* Fügen Sie Folgendes hinzu. Ändern Sie P710 Teilnehmer (Participant) in P921 zentrales Thema artists name.
** Qualifier zum zentralen Thema, um anzugeben, dass die Person Kunstwerke beisteuert.
* Verwenden Sie: Qualifier P170 creator und fügen Sie artist Q483501 hinzu (geben Sie „Künstler” ein, es wird automatisch vervollständigt)
* Referenz: Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID für eine Person, z. B. Gabriela Jolowicz https://d-nb.info/gnd/134184963 | Suchen Sie den Namen der Person und kopieren Sie den letzten Teil der Nummer 134184963
* Diskussionsseite: Fügen Sie die Überprüfungsfragen für Ihren Wikidata-Eintrag hinzu:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch?&lt;/blockquote&gt;Beachten Sie die nützlichen Links, die Ihnen mehr über verbundene Linked Open Data verraten!

Hinweis: SPARQL-Abfrage zur Anzeige des Datenmodells. Eigenschaften und Werte. Ergebnisse: https://w.wiki/JMLX Erstellt mit Gemini AI: https://gemini.google.com/share/c43f34a67f67

==== Konzepte ====

* Wikidata-Teile – siehe Informationen und Diagramm:
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction/de
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction#/media/File:Datamodel_in_Wikidata.svg
* Anwendung eines Überprüfungsprozesses mithilfe von Diskussionsseiten
* Hinzufügen von Referenzen
* Verwendung einer LOD-Quelle – Ein Normdatensatz Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID &lt;nowiki&gt;https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* SPARQL-Abfrage
---

==== 2. Künstler ====
Das Ziel hierbei ist es, sicherzustellen, dass alle Künstler in die Ausstellungsliste aufgenommen wurden, und anschließend die bestehenden Künstlereinträge zu überprüfen.

Später wird eine SPARQL-Abfrage durchgeführt, um Aussagen über alle Künstler in unserem Datensatz zu vergleichen.

Bevor Sie die Künstereinträge überprüfen, stellen Sie sicher, dass alle Künstler im Ausstellungseintrag aufgeführt sind, mit dem Qualifikationsmerkmal „Künstler” und einem Verweis auf ihren GND-Datensatz.

==== Wichtige Aussagen ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Concept
|CIDOC CRM (Full)
|Linked Art (Selection)
|Wikidata Equivalent
|Note
|-
|Entity
|E21 Person
|Person
|Q5 (human)
|The base instance.
|-
|Label/Name
|P1 is identified by → E33_E41
|identified_by (Name)
|
|Linked Art flattens this into a simple list of names.
|-
|
|
|
|P735 Given name
|
|-
|
|
|
|P734 Family name
|
|-
|Profession
|P2 has type → E55 Type
|classified_as
|P106 (occupation)
|Map to AAT 300025103 (artist).
|-
|Birth
|P98i was born → E67 Birth
|born (Birth)
|P569 (date of birth)
|CRM treats birth as an event; Wikidata as a property.
|-
|Death
|P100i died in → E69 Death
|died (Death)
|P570 (date of death)
|If the artist is still living, this is omitted.
|-
|Nationality
|P107i member of → E74 Group
|classified_as (Type)
|P27 (citizenship)
|Linked Art often models nationality as a Type.
|-
|Reference
|P1 identifies ← E42 Identifier
|identified_by (Identifier)
|QID (The URI itself)
|Used to link to external authorities (ULAN, VIAF).
|-
|Commons category
|?
|?
|P373 search name
|&lt;nowiki&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|}


Aus Google Gemini: https://gemini.google.com/share/578cc1b886d0

---

==== Schemas und Communities benötigen Beratung. ====
'''Aus Wikimedia:'''

WikiProject Visual Arts: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Visual_arts

Wikiproject Exhibitions: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Exhibitions

'''Halbformell'''

Generisches Wikibase-Modell für Kulturdaten: https://kgi4nfdi.github.io/Guidelines/guide/wikibase/data_modelling_import/

'''Formell:'''

CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) – https://cidoc-crm.org/

Linked Art (basierend auf CIDOC) https://linked.art/model/actor/

==== Konzepte ====

* Datenmodellierung
* Schemas
* Anwendungsfall
* Bottom-up-Design
* Identifikatoren

---

==== 3. Ausstellungskatalog ====
Suchen Sie an beiden Orten nach Informationen zum Katalog Ihrer zugewiesenen Ausstellung.

Sprengel Museum Publikationskatalog – https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised

DND (Beispiel) Sie können nach dem Namen der Ausstellung oder dem Sprengel Museum suchen – https://portal.dnb.de/opac/simpleSearch?query=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung&amp;cqlMode=true

Hinweis: Notieren Sie sich alle Links, die Sie in der Tabelle mit den Ausstellungslisten finden.

===== Erstellen Sie einen Wikidata-Eintrag für den Katalog. =====
Hinweis: Suchen Sie zunächst nach der Veröffentlichung, bevor Sie einen Wikidata-Eintrag erstellen. Verwenden Sie den Titel, die ISBN und die GND.

Ein Beispiel für eine Veröffentlichung aus DNB und Sprengel Shop.

* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=Gabriela+and+Jolowicz%26any&amp;currentPosition=0
* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised

===== Geben Sie diese Angaben ein =====
Hinweis: Denken Sie an die Bezeichnung und Beschreibung
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Property
|Label
|Description/Example
|-
|P31
|instance of
|catalogue (Q2352616)
|-
|P1476
|title
|The official title of the catalogue (e.g., Vermeer and the Masters of Genre Painting)
|-
|P50
|author
|The main curator or art historian (item link)
|-
|P123
|publisher
|The museum or publishing house (e.g., Louvre Museum)
|-
|P577
|publication date
|Year of release (e.g., 2024)
|-
|P212
|ISBN-13
|The 13-digit standard book identifier
|-
|
|GND
|ID
|-
|P973
|described at URL
|A link to the catalogue's page on the museum’s website
|}
Google Gemini https://gemini.google.com/share/9a21f5522192

Beispiel für eine Eingabe: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138646145

==== Verlinken Sie den Datensatz zurück zur Ausstellung. ====
P972     &gt;      Titel

==== Konzepte ====

* Datenmodellierung
* Identifikator
* Daten als CC Zero / Urheberrecht der Daten

---

==== 4. AI LLM SPARQL-Experimente ====
Wikidata verfügt über eine SPARQL-Schnittstelle, über die die LOD in Wikidata durchsucht (abgefragt) und auf verschiedene Arten, in verschiedenen Formaten und Visualisierungen ausgegeben werden kann. Außerdem kann sie im Web gespeichert werden.

Wir werden den AI LLM-Chat verwenden, um SPARQL-Abfragen zu generieren.

Später werden wir die Grundlagen des Schreibens einer SPARQL-Abfrage lernen. Aber zunächst wollen wir sehen, wie sie generiert werden, welche Optionen es gibt und wie sie kreativ eingesetzt werden können.

Die Verwendung von Chat-Diensten oder Code-Assistenten kann eine wertvolle Möglichkeit sein, um neue Technologien kennenzulernen.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Service
|Best For
|Standout Feature
|Key Model(s)
|-
|'''ChatGPT'''
|General Use &amp; Tasks
|Deep Research &amp; Agent Mode
|GPT-5.4, GPT-5
|-
|'''Claude'''
|Coding &amp; Writing
|Artifacts (interactive workspace)
|Claude 4.5, 4.6
|-
|'''Google Gemini'''
|Google Ecosystem
|Nano Banana (native image/video)
|Gemini 3.1 Pro
|-
|Perplexity
|Real-time Research
|Native Citations &amp; Search Labs
|Sonar, GPT-5, Claude
|-
|MS Copilot
|Office Productivity
|Copilot Vision &amp; 365 Integration
|GPT-5.2, Prometheus
|-
|DeepSeek
|Logical Reasoning
|High-tier performance at low cost
|DeepSeek-V3, R1
|-
|Grok
|Real-time Social Info
|Unfiltered X (Twitter) integration
|Grok 4.1
|-
|'''Meta AI'''
|Social Media
|Seamless integration in WhatsApp/IG
|Llama 4 (Scout)
|-
|Poe
|Model Testing
|Access multiple LLMs in one app
|Multi-model aggregator
|-
|Mistral (Le Chat)
|Privacy &amp; Developers
|European-hosted, GDPR-focused
|Mistral Large 3
|}
Einige davon können auch über KISSKI genutzt werden.

Das „KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) kann für unbegrenztes ChatGPT5 genutzt werden: https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat

==== Die Übung ====
Die Gruppe wird in mehrere Zoom-Breakout-Gruppen aufgeteilt und verbringt dann 20 Minuten damit, SPARQL-Abfragen und andere kreative Anwendungen zu generieren.

Fügen Sie die Ergebnisse hier ein: https://tib.cloud/apps/files/files/8251374?dir=/NFDI4Culture/HsH/BIM26/bim26-shared&amp;editing=false&amp;openfile=true

Jedem Raum wird eine Chat-Engine zugewiesen.

Es gibt maximal vier Gruppen.

·      Gruppe Nr. 1: ChatGPT

·      Gruppe Nr. 2: Claude

·      Gruppe Nr. 3: Google Gemini

·       Gruppe Nr. 4: Meta AI

==== Beispielübung ====
Chatbots können eine SPARQL-Abfrage oder eine Wikidata-Adresse lesen.

z. B.

* Artikel https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468
* Abfragegrafik https://w.wiki/JPNc
* Abfragetidsachse https://w.wiki/JPPN
* Artikel Sprengel Museum https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510144

Anschließend kann der Chatbot angewiesen werden, auf Grundlage der bereitgestellten Informationen bestimmte Aktionen auszuführen.

Sie sollten den Chatbot bitten, Wikidata-SPARQL-Abfragen zu generieren, und diese Abfragen dann in die SPARQL-Abfrageoberfläche einfügen. https://query.wikidata.org/

Verwenden Sie diese Beispiele und entwickeln Sie Ihre eigenen:

# Dashboard erstellen (Anzahl der Dinge)
# Inventar erstellen (Tabelle)
# Graphdatenmodell erstellen

Einige SPARQL-Abfragen

·       Karte der Geburtsorte von Künstlern – https://w.wiki/JPT3

·       Liste der Ausstellungen – https://w.wiki/JPR3

·       Als Darstellung der Ausstellungen – https://w.wiki/J8aS

==== Hausaufgabe: Sitzung 2 ====
Erstellen Sie ein Bottom-up-Datenmodell eines Kunstwerks in einer Ausstellung. Fügen Sie nur die minimal erforderlichen Informationen hinzu. Das Ergebnis sollte eine Tabelle sein, wie sie für Ausstellung, Künstler und Katalog dargestellt wird. Die Tabelle sollte Eigenschaften und Attribute enthalten. Sie sollten die oben genannten Schemata zu Rate ziehen. Sie können KI verwenden, aber geben Sie die KI an und verlinken Sie sie mit Ihrer Frage. Wenn Sie KI verwenden, überprüfen Sie die Ergebnisse und machen Sie sich Notizen darüber, was Sie geändert haben.

Hinweis: Überlegen Sie, wie die Teile miteinander in Beziehung stehen, was Sie hinzufügen müssen und was bereits in Wikidata vorhanden ist.

Reichen Sie Ihre Ergebnisse als Tabelle oder Spreadsheet ein.

---

==== Sitzung 3: Museumsbesuch – Sprengel Museum ====
19 März 2026

ENDE
==== Sitzung Nr. 4: Schemata und Prototyping (Abschlussprojekt) ====

===== Zusammenfassung und Überblick =====
Erledigt

* 	Erstellen von Ausstellungs-Einträgen in Wikidata
* 	Befüllen unserer Datenmodelle für „Künstler“ und „Katalog“
* Erkundung	des Museums und seiner Aktivitäten, um den Prototyp zu steuern

Zu erledigen

* 	Entscheidung über die Ideen für den Prototyp
* 	Datenmodell für Objekte in einer Ausstellung (Kunstwerk und	Ausstellung)
* Erstellen	eines Datenmodells zum Projektende, das von Museen genutzt werden	kann und den Branchenstandards – CIDOC und Wikidata –	entspricht.

===== Was haben wir über die „Geschichte des Museums“ gelernt? =====
TBC

===== Schemas =====
Eine Gelegenheit, sich mit der Struktur von Linked Open Data anhand gemeinsamer Vereinbarungen zu Arbeitspraktiken vertraut zu machen.

Im Laufe des Kurses wird ein Datenmodell entwickelt und fertiggestellt, um „Objekte in einer Ausstellung“ zu beschreiben. Das Datenmodell wird zur Konsultation und zum Testen durch die Community veröffentlicht.

===== Schemas und Schlüsselkonzepte =====
Tabelle: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP

* 	Schema
* 	Terminologiedienst
* 	Kontrolliertes Vokabular
* 	Taxonomie
* 	Ontologie
* Wissensgraph


Tabelle X: Link: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP In Linked Open Data (LOD) verwendete Terminologie

DE
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!   Konzept
!   Wikidata-Link (Konzept)
!   Hauptschwerpunkt
!   Analogie
!   Beispielressource
!   URL
!   Anwendungsbeispiel
!   URL
|-
|   Schema
|   Q1397073
|   Datenstruktur
|   Die Vorlage. Konzeptionelles Schema / Datenmodell
|   Schema.org
|   [https://schema.org/]
|   VisualArtwork
|   [https://schema.org/VisualArtwork]
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|   Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) „In der Sierra Nevada,   Kalifornien“
|   [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20475372]
|-
|   Terminologiedienst
|   Q22692845
|   Verbreitung
|   Eine Bibliothek mit Vokabularen, Schemata, Ontologien usw.
|   TIB-Terminologiedienst
|   [https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/]
|   NFDI4CULTURE
|   [https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies?and=false&amp;page=1&amp;sortedBy=title&amp;size=10&amp;collection=NFDI4CULTURE]
|-
|   Kontrolliertes Vokabular
|   Q1469824
|   Konsistenz
|   Das Wörterbuch
|   Integrierte Normdatei / die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)
|   [https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showShortList]
|   Personen: Dürer, Albrecht
|   [https://d-nb.info/gnd/117751669]
|-
|   Taxonomie
|   Q8269924
|   Hierarchie
|   Sortierung nach Typ (allgemeine Klassifizierung)
|   Getty Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
|   [https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/]
|   Deutscher Surrealist Max Ernst (verwendete Maltechniken)
|[https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/conservation-department-new/technical-studies-and-conservation-campaigns/portrait-of-an-artist-at-work-max-ernsts-surrealist-techniques/#:~:text=Frottage%20und%20Grattage,in%20seinen%20Zeichnungen%20von%201925].
|-
|
|
|
|
|   Iconclass
|   [https://iconclass.org/]
|   Max Ernsts „Die Jungfrau, die das Christkind versohlt“   (Parady)
|   [https://www.wikiart.org/en/max-ernst/the-virgin-spanking-the-christ-child-before-three-witnesses-andre-breton-paul-eluard-and-the-1926]
|-
|   Ontologie
|   Q324254
|   Semantik: Bedeutung &amp; Logik (Informationswissenschaft)
|   Das Regelwerk oder der Stilführer
|   CIDOC (Comité International pour la DOCumentation /   Internationales Komitee für Dokumentation)
|   [https://cidoc-crm.org/]
|   Sloane Lab Knowledge Base – Zusammenführung von 3 Sammlungen
|   [https://knowledgebase.sloanelab.org/resource/Start]
|-
|   Wissensgraph
|   Q33002955
|   Netzwerk von Dingen und Beziehungen
|   Eine Navigationskarte
|   Verzeichnis antiker Kunstwerke und architektonischer Bauwerke, die   in der Renaissance bekannt waren
|   [https://www.census.de/]
|   Artemis-Suche
|   [https://database.census.de/#/detail/10013099]
|-
|
|
|
|
|   Forschungsbereich
|   [https://researchspace.org/]
|   Hokusai: Das große Bilderbuch von allem
|[https://hokusai-great-picture-book-everything.researchspace.org/resource/rsp:Start]
|}

EN
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|-
! **Concept**
! **Wikidata link (Concept)**
! **Primary Focus**
! **Analogy**
! **Example resource**
! **URL**
! **Example use**
! **URL**
|-
| Schema
| Q1397073
| Data Structure
| The Template. Conceptual schema / data model
| Schema.org
| https://schema.org/
| VisualArtwork
| https://schema.org/VisualArtwork
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) &quot;Among the Sierra Nevada, California&quot;
| https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20475372
|-
| Terminology Service
| Q22692845
| Distribution
| A Library of Vocabularies, Schemas, Ontologies, etc
| TIB Terminology Service
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/
| NFDI4CULTURE
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies?and=false&amp;page=1&amp;sortedBy=title&amp;size=10&amp;collection=NFDI4CULTURE
|-
| Controlled Vocabulary
| Q1469824
| Consistency
| The Dictionary
| Integrated Authority File / die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)
| https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showShortList
| Persons: Dürer, Albrecht
| https://d-nb.info/gnd/117751669
|-
| Taxonomy
| Q8269924
| Hierarchy
| Sorting things by type (general classification)
| Getty Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
| https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/
| German Surrealist Max Ernst (painting techniques used)
| https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/conservation-department-new/technical-studies-and-conservation-campaigns/portrait-of-an-artist-at-work-max-ernsts-surrealist-techniques/#:~:text=Frottage%20and%20Grattage,in%20his%20drawings%20in%201925.
|-
|
|
|
|
| Iconclass
| https://iconclass.org/
| Max Ernst’s &quot;The Virgin Spanking the Christ Child&quot; (Parady)
| https://www.wikiart.org/en/max-ernst/the-virgin-spanking-the-christ-child-before-three-witnesses-andre-breton-paul-eluard-and-the-1926
|-
| Ontology
| Q324254
| Semantics: Meaning &amp; logic (information science)
| The Rulebook or Writing Style Guide
| CIDOC (Comité International pour la DOCumentation / International Committee for Documentation)
| https://cidoc-crm.org/
| Sloane Lab Knowledge Base - unifying 3 collections
| https://knowledgebase.sloanelab.org/resource/Start
|-
| Knowledge Graph
| Q33002955
| Network of things and relations
| A Navigational Map
| Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance
| https://www.census.de/
| Artemis search
| https://database.census.de/#/detail/10013099
|-
|
|
|
|
| Research Space
| https://researchspace.org/
| Hokusai: The Great Picture Book of Everything
| https://hokusai-great-picture-book-everything.researchspace.org/resource/rsp:Start
|}


===== Schema-Übung =====
Zu bearbeitende Tabelle: https://tib.cloud/s/PicTdwCEqCQ6pBp

(Passwort: bim2026)

Wir werden uns mit folgenden Themen befassen: Ausstellung, Künstler und Katalog.

'''''Geben Sie die gefundenen URLs ein. Fügen Sie bei Bedarf neue Zeilen, Spalten und Kommentare hinzu. Führen Sie sowohl manuelle als auch KI-Suchen durch, um die Ergebnisse zu vergleichen.'''''

===== Übung Nr. 1: Trage Links zu passenden Elementen aus den folgenden Quellen in die Tabelle ein: =====

* 	Wikidata:WikiProject Exhibitions/Properties
* 	Generisches Wikibase-Modell für Kulturdaten – Wikibase4Research	NFDI4Culture
* 	CIDOC CRM (vollständig)
* 	Terminologiedienst (NFDII4Culture)
* Wikidata

===== Übung Nr. 2: Verwenden Sie KI-LLM, um passende Elemente zu finden =====

* &lt;nowiki&gt;https://gemini.google.com/&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==== Prototyping ====
Entweder in dieser oder in der nächsten Sitzung wird die Gruppe in Teams aufgeteilt.

===== Schema =====

# 	Entwicklung eines Datenmodells: „Objekte in einer Ausstellung“

===== Teile der Quarto-Publikation =====

# 	Ein Katalog einer Ausstellung des Sprengel Museums
# 	Ein Katalog aller Ausstellungen und Ausstellungskataloge
# 	Katalog der Ausstellungsbeiträge
# Ein Glossar	mit Begriffen – Personen und benannte Entitäten – aus Wikidata
---

===== Einführung in Quarto und Einfügen eines Ausstellungsbeitrags =====
Tools: Quarto, GitHub, VS Code, Jupyter Notebooks, Codespace, Copilot: Agentic Coding)

'''Voraussetzungen'''

# 	Ein Laptop oder Computer, auf dem Sie VScode installieren können
# 	Sie benötigen 2FA auf Ihrem Mobilgerät
# 	Erstellen Sie ein GitHub-Konto
# 	Installiere VScode
# 	Verbinden Sie Ihr GitHub-Konto mit VScode
# Erstellen	Sie ein GitHub-Repository

'''Klonen:''' https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype

'''Modell: Auto'''

'''So wurde das Repo eingerichtet. Agent-Eingabeaufforderungen:'''&lt;blockquote&gt;Ich möchte ein Quarto-Website-Projekt ausführen, bitte richte die Grundlagen ein. Das Projekt wird auf GitHub Pages veröffentlicht. Lege das Ausgabeverzeichnis auf „docs“ fest.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Erstellen Sie eine Seite für das Quarto-Projekt, die die für diesen Wikidata-Eintrag verwendeten Daten abruft und als professionelle Webseite rendert &lt;Fügen Sie hier Ihre Ausstellung ein – oder verwenden Sie diese&gt; https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 Der Ansatz sollte eine SPARQL-Abfrage für die Daten erstellen und diese dann mithilfe eines Jupyter-Notebooks als HTML rendern.

Alle Einträge: https://tib.cloud/s/fncf8W6pXs8qgiq (needs password)

===== Aufgaben =====

* 	Ausstellung ändern
* 	Notebook ausführen
* 	Quarto ausführen und Vorschau anzeigen
* Auf Ihren	GitHub Pages veröffentlichen

===== Schritt für Schritt =====
'''Teil 1: Arbeitsumgebung'''

'''''HINWEIS: Sollten bei der lokalen Ausführung Probleme auftreten, nutzen Sie bitte die Online-Option von Codespace.'''''

# Erstelle ein GitHub-Konto – https://github.com/
# Richte die Zwei-Faktor-Authentifizierung (2FA) ein – in der Regel auf dem Handy (Google Authenticator)
# Installiere VSCode – https://code.visualstudio.com/download
# Installiere GitHub Desktop – https://desktop.github.com/download/
# Füge dein GitHub-Konto hinzu, wenn du dazu aufgefordert wirst, und verwende die 2FA

Schritt 2: Der Prototyp

# Forken Sie das Repository: https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype
# Wenn Sie lokal arbeiten, fahren Sie fort – wenn Sie Codespace verwenden, starten Sie Codespace (siehe unten und fahren Sie dann fort)
# Testen Sie Quarto im Terminal:
## quarto check
## quarto render
## quarto preview (Strg+C – zum Beenden)
# Falls es nicht funktioniert, führen Sie Quarto über den Agent aus
# Ändern Sie die Wikidata-Ausstellung im Notebook
# Notebook ausführen
# quarto render und quarto preview ausführen
# Alles speichern
# Git: Nachricht, Commit und Push
# Auf GitHub.com dein Repository
## Seiten aktivieren: GitHub Actions
## Code: Über das Zahnrad – Klicke auf „Meine GitHub Pages verwenden“
## Registerkarte „Actions“: Quarto-Projekt veröffentlichen
# ENDE – Wiederholen :-)

===== Codespace-Option: =====
Videolink: https://tib.cloud/s/LDtkN6QsdFkGGR6 (10 Minuten Zeit)

Codespace ist eine virtuelle Maschine, die über GitHub gestartet werden kann.

Das Repository enthält eine Dev-Container-Konfiguration, sodass du vollständig im Browser arbeiten kannst, ohne etwas lokal installieren zu müssen.

1.    Klicke auf der Repository-Seite auf GitHub auf „Code“ → „Codespaces“ → „Codespace erstellen“ auf der Hauptseite.

2.    Warte, bis der Container erstellt ist – Python-Pakete aus der Datei „requirements.txt“ werden automatisch installiert – dies dauert etwa 5 Minuten.

3.    Sobald alles installiert ist, kann der Codespace jederzeit genutzt werden. Er fährt automatisch herunter, wenn er nicht genutzt wird, und kann jederzeit neu gestartet werden.

4.    In Codespace geleistete Arbeit muss zurück ins Repository gepusht werden.

5.    Wenn Codespace 28 Tage lang nicht genutzt wird, wird der Codespace gelöscht.

---

===== Hausaufgabe – Sitzung Nr. 4 =====

* 	Hol alle Bücher aus der HsH-Bibliothek, die Ausstellungskataloge	des Sprengel Museums sind. Bring sie zur nächsten Vorlesung mit
* 	Erstelle einen Ausstellungs-Eintrag, falls noch nicht geschehen
* Arbeite mit	VSCode und dem Agent und experimentiere

==== Sitzung 5: Prototypenerstellung: Running Quarto Prototype, Federation, Prototype Teams ====

* Running Quarto Prototype - wie oben - https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype 
* DNB data download https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition
* Data Federation - WB4R 

===== Links =====
https://wikibase.wbworkshop.tibwiki.io/wiki/Main_Page

Glossar - https://nfdi4culture.github.io/linked-open-exhibition/Documentation/glossary

===== DNB Suche =====
https://portal.dnb.de/opac/moveDown?currentResultId=Sprengel+and+Museum%26any&amp;categoryId=books
Sprengel Museum, 602 Artikel
'''Über die Dienstleistungen von DNB'''
https://www.dnb.de/librarylab
https://deutsche-nationalbibliothek.github.io/jupyterlite/lab/
'''AUCH'''
https://wiki.dnb.de/spaces/LINKEDDATASERVICE/pages/449878933/DNB+SPARQL+Service+BETA

===== Prototype Teams =====

* DNB-Daten
* Katalog durchsuchen
* Ausstellungsbeiträge
* Vollständiges Datenmodell (alle)


ENDE

---

== EN ==

''Materials and Tasks for the module &quot;BIM-126-02, SoSe 2026, Worthington/Blümel&quot; for students at Hochschule Hannover. The materials are prepared with several colleagues from the [https://www.tib.eu/de/forschung-entwicklung/forschungsgruppen-und-labs/open-science Open Science Lab at TIB] Hannover.''

Project GitHub repo: https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition 

==== Summary ====
The eight session course covers an introduction to Linked Open Data (LOD) in the context of :

# Open Galleries Libraries Archives and Museums (GLAM), and; 
# The use of Wikimedia Foundation platforms.

The Wikimedia Foundation platforms that will be used are: Wikidata; Wikibase, MediaWiki, and  Wikimedia Commons.

AI LLM will be used in the workflows: Code assistant ''copilot'', and a variety of AI LLM chat services for file generation and configurations to create SPARQL queries, Jinja 2.0 templates, etc. 

„KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) can be used for unmetered ChatGPT5 https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat  

The Methodologies employed are: Open-source software, Open Science, and rapid prototyping.

==== Linked Open Exhibition ====
The question being explored for the class is how can LOD be uséd to benefit museum exhibitions as Linked Open Exhibitions – a record of the exhibition, a catalogues of items in an exhibition, and other important data? As examples '''to gain exhibitions increased visitors numbers and create greater depth of engagement'''.

With a focus of the question on how to make LOD records of '''items in an exhibition'''.

==== Learning points – In order of priority ====

# '''Wikidata/Wikibase LOD concepts:''' Items, Properties, Values, Qualifiers, Wikibase schemas, Classes, Lexemes, Knowledge Base, and Knowledge Graphs.
# '''Linked Open Data (LOD):''' Semantic web, 5 star, RDF/Triples, Ontologies, Taxonomies, and controlled vocabularies.
# '''Using LOD source:''' Identifiers, PIDs, information sources, media sources, and import and export tooling.
# '''Data modelling:''' Methodologies, schema use, visualisation, and testing.
# '''Data workflow tools:''' Git, IDE, AI code assistant (copilot), AI Chat, using Wikimedia Foundation tooling, data import and export tools, generating PIDs and making deposits in a scholarly repository.
# '''Data presentation and data use:''' Wikidata Query Service results, MediaWiki infoboxes, AI Chat SPARQL query processing.
# '''Open Science practice:''' Open-source software, Open Notebook Science, Open Licencing, PIDs, FAIR Data Principles, and ethical and good practice AI use.

==== Sessions ====
The sessions would be about cataloguing Sprengel Museum exhibitions using LOD and how to make visualisations and presentations.

'''Learning to use LOD is the goal of the learning.''' The method will be to build out from a kernel of an ‘exhibition’ and add ‘item in an exhibition’. From the start the students will be the ones who make the LOD. This will start with minimal entries my by the students, then layering these up with – Identifiers, LOD Media sources, schemas, etc. And finally moving onto how to present the data in a way that satisfies the ‘use case’: '''to gain exhibitions increased visitors numbers and create greater depth of engagement'''. Here presentation technologies are used: MediaWiki infoboxes, Wikidata Query Service results, AI Chat SPARQL queries and other features, etc.

===== Session 1: Exhibition timeline creation - build out, add exhibitions =====

# Record minimal information for an exhibition in Wikidata as Linked Open Data: Title, museum, date, etc. e.g., https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 –  See: Table 1: ''Minimal data entries for an exhibition''
# View the exhibition record in Wikidata Query Service results link (timeline and graph https://w.wiki/J8NJ | https://w.wiki/J8aS )
# Review exhibition entries.
# Cover topics raised by making a LOD entry: Wikidata basics, Wikidata good practice, consulting schemas, importance of review and using GitHub Issues, comparing available data – before and after.

===== Session 2: Exhibition cataloguing - build up, add items, artists, catalogues =====

===== Session 3: Museum visit - Sprengel Museum =====

===== Session 4: Schemas and Prototyping (the end of class project) =====

===== Session 5: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====

===== Session 6: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====

===== Session 7: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====

===== Session 8: Prototype Creation: Data entry, visualisation, and presentation =====
---

==== Session 1: Exhibition timeline creation - build out, add exhibitions ====
The exercise: Create a Linked Open Data record for an exhibition using Wikidata (minimal entry).

A. '''Creating the exhibition entry in Wikidata.'''

# Login to Wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/
# Have a source at hand to make a data entry, e.g.,
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/ausstellungen/archiv
#* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised
#* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung%26any&amp;currentPosition=1
# Check there is no existing entry for the exhibition is on Wikidata. Use the search function. 
# Create an item or edit an existing item.
#* Note: Check which language you are using. We will be adding Deutsch and English entries (starting with Deutsch).
# Create the following data entries in Wikidata, see: Table 1: ''Minimal data entries for an exhibition.''
# Review exhibition Wikidata entries. Review is carried out by using three questions. Add comments if needed, corrections can be made. Results and notes can be added to the Discussion Page of the entry, e.g., 
#* All entries present [   ]
#* All entries correct [   ]
#* Entries are in Deutsch and English – within reason [   ]

''Table'' ''1: Minimal data entries for an exhibition''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
| colspan=&quot;7&quot; |'''Fields used to make an exhibition entry. See example: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468'''
|-
|A
|Label
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Note: Keep short. Use title from exhibition
|-
|B
|Description
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Note: Use to differentiate from other entries. Follow this example: Gabriela Jolowicz Holzschnitte Ausstellung im Sprengel Museum, Hannover, 2026
|-
|
|'''Property (P) and Item (Q)'''
|'''URI'''
|'''DE'''
|'''EN'''
|'''Add'''
|'''Note'''
|-
|1
|P31
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P31
|ist ein(e)
|instance of
|Q464980
|Add item
|-
|2
|Q464980
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464980
|Ausstellung
|Exhibition
|
|(Used above)
|-
|3
|P1476
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1476
|Titel
|Title
|Title
|Plain text
|-
|4
|P276
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P276
|Ort
|Location
|Sprengel Museum Hannover Q510144
|Add item
|-
|5
|P580
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P580
|Startzeitpunkt
|Start time
|Date
|YYYY-MM-DD
|-
|6
|P582
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P582
|Endzeitpunkt
|End time
|Date
|YYYY-MM-DD
|-
|7
|P1640
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1640
|Kurator
|Curator
|Person
|Add item (if don't exists will need to create/can omit at present)
|-
|8
|P710
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P710
|Teilnehmer
|Participant
|Person (the artist)
|Add item (if don't exists will need to create/can omit at present)
|-
|9
|P856
|https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P856
|offizielle Website
|Official website
|URL
|URL
|}
'''''End of Session 1.'''''

==== Homework exercises ====

# Complete your allocated exhibition. Make sure all fields are complete from Table 1. If something cannot be added, either: A. Make a note in the exhibition allocation spreadsheet, or B. Send and email to [mailto:Simon.worththington@tib.eu simon.worththington@tib.eu] and I will help resolve your issue.  '''Note: If you did not create an exhibition entry during the class make sure one is complete before the next class.'''
# Create a GitHub account and add your GitHub handle next to your name, column ‘GitHub handle’,  in the exhibition allocation spreadsheet.
# Review your classmates exhibition entries. You have all been allocated a entry to review, see the Exhibition Allocation spreadsheet. Your name will be in column G. This first review has three questions – tick the boxes to show if each item has been complete and either add comments or correct the Wikidata exhibition entry.  '''Note: If your allocated Exhibition entry hasn’t been made by you classmate then please contact them and ask them to complete the entry.'''  Questions are:
## Are all the required fields present?
## Are all the fields correct?
## Is there an Deutsch and English entry?
---

==== Session 2: Exhibition cataloguing - build up, add items, artists, catalogues ====
The session has five exercies:

# Exhibition update
# Artist
# Exhibition catalogue
# AI LLM SPARQL experiments
# &lt;s&gt;Artwork&lt;/s&gt;

The exercises include the following concepts:

==== Exercises ====

==== 1. Exhibition updates ====

* Homework review: Complete all fields for an exhibition. Review your assigned review exhibition answering the three questions:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* For the label. Convert words in all caps to sentence case. Use: https://convertcase.net/title-case-converter/ | Change from, e.g., ADRIAN SAUER: TRUTH TABLESPECTRUM INTERNATIONALER PREIS FÜR FOTOGRAFIE DER STIFTUNG NIEDERSACHSEN to  Adrian Sauer: Truth Tablespectrum Internationaler Preis Für Fotografie Der Stiftung Niedersachsen.

* Add the English language versions. Use DeepL to translate: https://www.deepl.com/en/translator
** Title: Add English title

* Add the following. Change P710 Teilnehmer (Participant) to P921 zentrales Thema '''artists name.''' 
** Qualifier on central theme to indicate the person is contributing artwork.

* Use: Qualifier P170 creator and add artist Q483501 (type artists and it will automcomplete)

* Reference: Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID for a person, e.g., Gabriela Jolowicz https://d-nb.info/gnd/134184963 | Search your persons name and copy in the last part of number 134184963
* Talk page: Add in the review questions for your Wikidata entry:

&lt;blockquote&gt;[ ] Sind alle erforderlichen Felder vorhanden?

[ ] Sind alle Felder korrekt ausgefüllt?

[ ] Gibt es einen Eintrag in Deutsch und Englisch?&lt;/blockquote&gt;Notice the useful links that tell you more about connected Linked Open Data!

Note: SPARQL query showing data model. Properties and and values. Results: https://w.wiki/JMLX Made with Gemini AI: https://gemini.google.com/share/c43f34a67f67

==== Concepts ====

* Wikidata parts – see about and diagram:
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction/de
** https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction#/media/File:Datamodel_in_Wikidata.svg
* Applying a review process using Talk pages
* Adding References
* Using a type of LOD source – '''An authority record''' Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) ID https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm  
* SPARQL query

---

==== 2. Artists ====
The objective here is to ensure all artists have been included in exhibition listing and to then review the existing artists entry.

Later a SPARQL query will be made to compare statements about all the artists in our dataset.

* Before reviewing artists items make sure all artists have been listed in the exhibition item, with qualifier of being an artist and a reference to their GND record.

===== Important statements =====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Concept
|CIDOC CRM (Full)
|Linked Art (Selection)
|Wikidata Equivalent
|Note
|-
|Entity
|E21 Person
|Person
|Q5 (human)
|The base instance.
|-
|Label/Name
|P1 is identified by → E33_E41
|identified_by (Name)
|
|Linked Art flattens this into a simple list of names.
|-
|
|
|
|P735 Given name
|
|-
|
|
|
|P734 Family name
|
|-
|Profession
|P2 has type → E55 Type
|classified_as
|P106 (occupation)
|Map to AAT 300025103 (artist).
|-
|Birth
|P98i was born → E67 Birth
|born (Birth)
|P569 (date of birth)
|CRM treats birth as an event; Wikidata as a property.
|-
|Death
|P100i died in → E69 Death
|died (Death)
|P570 (date of death)
|If the artist is still living, this is omitted.
|-
|Nationality
|P107i member of → E74 Group
|classified_as (Type)
|P27 (citizenship)
|Linked Art often models nationality as a Type.
|-
|Reference
|P1 identifies ← E42 Identifier
|identified_by (Identifier)
|QID (The URI itself)
|Used to link to external authorities (ULAN, VIAF).
|-
|Commons category
|?
|?
|P373 search name
|&lt;nowiki&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|}


From Google Gemini: https://gemini.google.com/share/578cc1b886d0

---

===== Schemas and communities need consulting. =====
From Wikimedia:

* WikiProject Visual Arts: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Visual_arts
* Wikiproject Exhibitions: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:WikiProject_Exhibitions

Semi-formal

Generic Wikibase Model for Cultural Data: https://kgi4nfdi.github.io/Guidelines/guide/wikibase/data_modelling_import/

Formal:

CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) - https://cidoc-crm.org/

Linked Art (based on CIDOC) https://linked.art/model/actor/

==== Concepts ====

* Data modeling
* Schemas
* Use case
* Bottom up design
* Identifiers

---

==== 3. Exhibition Catalogue ====
Search in both of these two places to find information about the catalogue for your assigned exhibition.

* Sprengel Museum publication catalogue - https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised
* DND (example) you can search for the exhibition name or Sprengel Museum '''-'''  https://portal.dnb.de/opac/simpleSearch?query=sprengel+and+museum+and+ausstellung&amp;cqlMode=true 

''Note: Make a note of any links you find in the exhibition listings spreadsheet.''

===== Make a Wikidata entry for the catalogue =====
Note: first search for publication before making Wikidata entry. Use title, use ISBN, use GND.

An example publication from DNB and Sprengel Shop.

* https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showFullRecord?currentResultId=Gabriela+and+Jolowicz%26any&amp;currentPosition=0
* https://www.sprengel-museum.de/besuch?view=article&amp;id=65:publikationen&amp;catid=2:uncategorised

===== Enter these statements =====
Note: Remember Label and Description
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Property
|Label
|Description/Example
|-
|P31
|instance of
|catalogue (Q2352616)
|-
|P1476
|title
|The official title of the catalogue (e.g., Vermeer and the Masters of Genre Painting)
|-
|P50
|author
|The main curator or art historian (item link)
|-
|P123
|publisher
|The museum or publishing house (e.g., Louvre Museum)
|-
|P577
|publication date
|Year of release (e.g., 2024)
|-
|P212
|ISBN-13
|The 13-digit standard book identifier
|-
|
|GND
|ID
|-
|P973
|described at URL
|A link to the catalogue's page on the museum’s website
|}
Google Gemini  https://gemini.google.com/share/9a21f5522192

Example input: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138646145

===== Link the record back to the exhibition =====
P972	Title

==== Concepts ====

* Data modeling
* Identifier
* Data as CC Zero / Copyright of data
---

==== 4. AI LLM SPARQL experiments ====
The Wikidata has a SPARQL interface where the LOD in Wikidata can be searched (queried) and outputted in a number of ways, formats, and a visualisations. As well as being saved on the web.

We will us AI LLM chat to generate SPARQL queries.

Later we will learn the fundamentals of writing a SPARQL query. But for the moment we want to see how they have be generated, the options, and creative applications.

Using chat services or code assistants can be a valuable way to learn about new technologies.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Service
|Best For
|Standout Feature
|Key Model(s)
|-
|'''ChatGPT'''
|General Use &amp; Tasks
|Deep Research &amp; Agent Mode
|GPT-5.4, GPT-5
|-
|'''Claude'''
|Coding &amp; Writing
|Artifacts (interactive workspace)
|Claude 4.5, 4.6
|-
|'''Google Gemini'''
|Google Ecosystem
|Nano Banana (native image/video)
|Gemini 3.1 Pro
|-
|Perplexity
|Real-time Research
|Native Citations &amp; Search Labs
|Sonar, GPT-5, Claude
|-
|MS Copilot
|Office Productivity
|Copilot Vision &amp; 365 Integration
|GPT-5.2, Prometheus
|-
|DeepSeek
|Logical Reasoning
|High-tier performance at low cost
|DeepSeek-V3, R1
|-
|Grok
|Real-time Social Info
|Unfiltered X (Twitter) integration
|Grok 4.1
|-
|'''Meta AI'''
|Social Media
|Seamless integration in WhatsApp/IG
|Llama 4 (Scout)
|-
|Poe
|Model Testing
|Access multiple LLMs in one app
|Multi-model aggregator
|-
|Mistral (Le Chat)
|Privacy &amp; Developers
|European-hosted, GDPR-focused
|Mistral Large 3
|}
Some of these can also be used via KISSKI

„KI-Servicezentrum für Sensible und Kritische Infrastrukturen“ (KISSKI) can be used for unmetered ChatGPT5 https://kisski.gwdg.de/leistungen/2-02-llm-service/ | https://chat-ai.academiccloud.de/chat  

=== The exercise ===
The group will be split into a number of Zoom breakout groups and then the group spends 20 minutes experimenting generating SPARQL queries and other creative applications.

Paste in results here: https://tib.cloud/apps/files/files/8251374?dir=/NFDI4Culture/HsH/BIM26/bim26-shared&amp;editing=false&amp;openfile=true 

Each room is assigned a Chat engine.

Maximum there will be four groups.

·      Group #1: '''ChatGPT'''

·      Group #2: '''Claude'''

·      Group #3: '''Google Gemini'''

·       Group #4: '''Meta AI'''

=== Example exercise ===
Chat bots can read  a SPARQL query or a Wikidata address.

e.g.,

Item https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468

query graph https://w.wiki/JPNc

query timeline https://w.wiki/JPPN

Item Sprengel Museum https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510144 

Then the chatbot can be instructed to do things based on the information provided.

You should ask the chat bot to generate Wikidata SPARQL queries and then paste the queries into the SPARQL querie interface. https://query.wikidata.org/

Use these examples and invent your own:

# Create dashboard (count of things)
# Create inventory (table)
# Create graph data model

Some output SPARQL queries

·       Map of artists place of birth - https://w.wiki/JPT3 

·       List of exhibitions - https://w.wiki/JPR3 

·       As plot of exhibitions - https://w.wiki/J8aS

==== Homework: Session 2 ====
Create a bottom up  data model of an artwork in an exhibition. Include only the minimum information needed. The result should be a table like the ones presented for exhibition, artist, and catalogue. The table should include properties and attributes. You should consult the schemas mentioned above. You can use AI but attribute the AI and link to your question. If you use AI review the results and make notes about what you changed.

Note: Think about how parts are related and what you need to add and what already exists in Wikidata.

Submit your results as a spreadsheet or table.  

===== Session 3: Museum visit - Sprengel Museum =====
19 March 2026

===== Session #4: Schemas and Prototyping (the end of class project) =====

===== Recap and outline =====
Done

* Creating exhibition entries in Wikidata
* Filling our data models for Artist and Catalogue
* Exploring the museum and its activities to help steer the prototype

To do

* Decide on the ideas for the prototype
* Data model for items in an exhibition (Artwork and Exhibition)
* Complete a data model for the end of the project that can be used by museums and complies to the sector standards – CIDOC and Wikidata.

===== What have we learned about the ‘Museum’s Story’ =====
TBC

===== Schemas =====
An opportunity to become familiar with how Linked Open Data is structured using common agreements on  working practices.

Over the period of the course a data model will be developed and finalised to describe ‘items in an exhibition’. The data model will be published  for community consultation and testing.

===== Schemas and key concepts =====
Table: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP 

* Schema
* Terminology Service
* Controlled Vocabulary
* Taxonomy
* Ontology
* Knowledge Graph

Table X: link: https://tib.cloud/s/ZKNAAo3B8ATXsAP Terminology used in Linked Open Data (LOD) 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; 
|-
! **Concept**
! **Wikidata link (Concept)**
! **Primary Focus**
! **Analogy**
! **Example resource**
! **URL**
! **Example use**
! **URL**
|-
| Schema
| Q1397073
| Data Structure
| The Template. Conceptual schema / data model
| Schema.org
| https://schema.org/
| VisualArtwork
| https://schema.org/VisualArtwork
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) &quot;Among the Sierra Nevada, California&quot;
| https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20475372
|-
| Terminology Service
| Q22692845
| Distribution
| A Library of Vocabularies, Schemas, Ontologies, etc
| TIB Terminology Service
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/
| NFDI4CULTURE
| https://terminology.tib.eu/ts/ontologies?and=false&amp;page=1&amp;sortedBy=title&amp;size=10&amp;collection=NFDI4CULTURE
|-
| Controlled Vocabulary
| Q1469824
| Consistency
| The Dictionary
| Integrated Authority File / die Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND)
| https://portal.dnb.de/opac/showShortList
| Persons: Dürer, Albrecht
| https://d-nb.info/gnd/117751669
|-
| Taxonomy
| Q8269924
| Hierarchy
| Sorting things by type (general classification)
| Getty Art &amp; Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)
| https://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabularies/aat/
| German Surrealist Max Ernst (painting techniques used)
| https://www.guggenheim-venice.it/en/art/conservation-department-new/technical-studies-and-conservation-campaigns/portrait-of-an-artist-at-work-max-ernsts-surrealist-techniques/#:~:text=Frottage%20and%20Grattage,in%20his%20drawings%20in%201925.
|-
|
|
|
|
| Iconclass
| https://iconclass.org/
| Max Ernst’s &quot;The Virgin Spanking the Christ Child&quot; (Parady)
| https://www.wikiart.org/en/max-ernst/the-virgin-spanking-the-christ-child-before-three-witnesses-andre-breton-paul-eluard-and-the-1926
|-
| Ontology
| Q324254
| Semantics: Meaning &amp; logic (information science)
| The Rulebook or Writing Style Guide
| CIDOC (Comité International pour la DOCumentation / International Committee for Documentation)
| https://cidoc-crm.org/
| Sloane Lab Knowledge Base - unifying 3 collections
| https://knowledgebase.sloanelab.org/resource/Start
|-
| Knowledge Graph
| Q33002955
| Network of things and relations
| A Navigational Map
| Census of Antique Works of Art and Architecture Known in the Renaissance
| https://www.census.de/
| Artemis search
| https://database.census.de/#/detail/10013099
|-
|
|
|
|
| Research Space
| https://researchspace.org/
| Hokusai: The Great Picture Book of Everything
| https://hokusai-great-picture-book-everything.researchspace.org/resource/rsp:Start
|}

===== Schemas exercise =====
Spreadsheet to work on: https://tib.cloud/s/PicTdwCEqCQ6pBp

(password: bim2026)

We will be looking at: Exhibition, Artist, and Catalogue.

'''''Enter the URLs found. Add new rows, columns, comments if needed. Keep manual searches as well as AI searches for comparison.'''''

===== Exercise #1: Enter links into the spreadsheet of matching items from the following: =====

* Wikidata:WikiProject Exhibitions/Properties
* Generic Wikibase Model for Cultural Data - Wikibase4Research NFDI4Culture
* CIDOC CRM (Full)
* Terminology Service (NFDII4Culture)
* Wikidata

===== Exercise #2: Use AI LLM to find matching items =====

* https://gemini.google.com/ 

==== Prototyping ====
Either in this session or in the next session the group will be divided into teams.

===== Schema =====

# Data model development: ‘items in an exhibition’

===== Quarto publication parts =====

# A catalogue of a Sprengel Museum exhibition
# A catalogue of all exhibitions and exhibition catalogues
# Catalogue of exhibition entries
---

==== Learning to use Quarto and inserting an exhibition entry ====
Tools: Quarto, GitHub, VS Code, Jupyter Notebooks, Codespace if needed, copilot: Agentic Coding)

'''Requirements'''

# A laptop or computer where you can install VScode
# You will need 2FA on your mobile (optional)
# Create a GitHub account
# Install VScode
# Connect Github account to VScode
# Create GitHub reposoitory

'''Fork the following repository:''' https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype 

'''Model: Auto'''

'''How the repo was setup. Agent promts:'''&lt;blockquote&gt;''I want to run a Quarto website project, please setup the basics. The project will be published on GitHub Pages. Set the output directory to docs.'' &lt;/blockquote&gt;Create a page for the quarto project that retrieves the data used for thie Wikidata item and renders it as  professional webpage ''&lt;Insert your exhibition here – or use this one&gt;''  https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138547468 The approach should create a SPARQL query for the data and then render this as HTML using a Jupyter Notebook.

All entries: https://tib.cloud/s/fncf8W6pXs8qgiq (needs password)

===== Tasks =====

* Change exhibition - manual
* Run Jupyter Notebook 
* Run and preview Quarto 
* Publish to your GitHub Pages 

===== Step-by-step =====

====== Part one: Working environment ======
'''''NOTE: If you are having problems running locally then use the Codespace online option.'''''

# Create GitHub account - https://github.com/
# Have 2FA available - usually on mobile (Google authenticator) (optional)
# Install VSCode - https://code.visualstudio.com/download
# Install GitHub Desktop - https://desktop.github.com/download/
# Add Github account when prompted, use 2FA

====== Step two: The prototype ======
# Fork the repository:  https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype
# If working locally continue - if using Codespace - launch Codespace (see below and then continue)
# Test Quarto in the Terminal: 
## &lt;code&gt;quarto check&lt;/code&gt; 
## &lt;code&gt;quarto render&lt;/code&gt;
## &lt;code&gt;quarto preview&lt;/code&gt; (control C - to stop)
# If not working run Quarto from Agent
# Change Wikidata exhibition in Notebook
# Run notebook
# Run &lt;code&gt;quarto render&lt;/code&gt; &lt;code&gt;quarto preview&lt;/code&gt;
# Save all (or use auto save)
# Git: Message, Commit and Push
# On GitHub.com your repository
## Turn on Pages: GitHub Actions
## Code: About cog - Click use my GitHub Pages
## Actions tab: Publish Quarto Project
# ENDE - Rinse repeat  :-)

===== Codespace option: =====
Videolink: https://tib.cloud/s/LDtkN6QsdFkGGR6 (10 Minuten Zeit)

Codespace is an online Virtual Machine which can be launched from GitHub.

The repository includes a Dev Container configuration so you can work entirely in the browser without installing anything locally.

# On the repository page on GitHub, click Code → Codespaces → Create codespace on main.
# Wait for the container to build — Python packages from &lt;code&gt;requirements.txt&lt;/code&gt; are installed automatically - about 5 minutes.
# Once everything is installed the Codespace can be used anytime. It automatically shutsdown when left alone and can be restarted any time.
# Work done in Codespace must be pushed back to the repository.
# If Codespace is not used for 28 days the Codespace is deleted.

---

===== Homework - session #4 =====

* Get all books from HsH library that are Sprengel Museum exhibition catalogues. Bring to the next class
* Make an exhibition entry if not done
* Work with VSCode and the Agent and experiment
* Add entries from existing ontologies: https://tib.cloud/s/PicTdwCEqCQ6pBp?dir=/&amp;editing=false&amp;openfile=true

==== Sitzung 5: Prototyping: Running Quarto Prototype, Federation, Prototype Teams ====

* Running Quarto Prototype - https://github.com/mrchristian/prototype 
* DNB data download https://github.com/NFDI4Culture/linked-open-exhibition
* Data Federation - WB4R

===== Links =====
https://wikibase.wbworkshop.tibwiki.io/wiki/Main_Page

Glossar - https://nfdi4culture.github.io/linked-open-exhibition/Documentation/glossary

===== DNB Search =====
https://portal.dnb.de/opac/moveDown?currentResultId=Sprengel+and+Museum%26any&amp;categoryId=books

Sprengel Museum, 602 Artikel

'''About the DNB'''
https://www.dnb.de/librarylab
https://deutsche-nationalbibliothek.github.io/jupyterlite/lab/

'''Also'''

https://wiki.dnb.de/spaces/LINKEDDATASERVICE/pages/449878933/DNB+SPARQL+Service+BETA

===== Prototype Teams =====

* DNB Data
* Katalog scan
* Exhibition entries
* Datenmodell (alle)
===== --- =====
[[Category:Wikidata]]</text>
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| last1 = Bardadym
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| affiliation1 = Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy, Cherkassy, UA
| correspondence1 = {{nospam|bardadym.oleh|vu.cdu.edu.ua}}
| w1 = 
| journal = WikiJournal of Humanities
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| submitted = 2025-06-24
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{{CTA button|cta_link=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/WikiJournal_of_Humanities/Proceedings_of_the_1st_International_Scientific_and_Practical_Conference_Wikipedia_and_Wikimedia_projects_in_the_focus_of_scientific_research|cta_text=← Back to Conference Proceedings main page}}
'''Abstract'''
The theses examine academic integrity as a fundamental principle of the Ukrainian higher education system in the context of implementing the Law of Ukraine “On Education” (2017). The essence and key components of academic integrity are analyzed, and the educational potential of Wikipedia as a tool for developing relevant student competencies is substantiated. Based on a student survey, the level of Wikipedia use and awareness of its citation tools is identified. The study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating wiki-based practices into academic integrity and information literacy courses to enhance responsible use of information resources.

''Keywords:'' academic integrity, Wikipedia, citation culture, higher education, information literacy.

У тезах розглянуто академічну доброчесність як ключовий принцип функціонування сучасної системи вищої освіти України у контексті реалізації Закону України «Про освіту» (2017). Проаналізовано сутність і складові академічної доброчесності та обґрунтовано освітній потенціал Вікіпедії як інструменту формування відповідних компетентностей у студентів. На основі результатів опитування визначено рівень використання Вікіпедії та її інструментів цитування в освітній практиці. Доведено доцільність інтеграції вікіпрактик у навчальні курси з академічної доброчесності та інформаційної грамотності.

''Ключові слова:'' академічна доброчесність, Вікіпедія, культура цитування, вища освіта, інформаційна грамотність.

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{{AI-generated}}

{{Notice|'''Please excuse mistakes and problems''' this is a work in progress and pages may be published which are unfinished and that contain unfinished sentences and repetitions}}

== Explanation regarding {{tl|AI-generated}} template presence on this page ==

* Some questions that can be asked have been generated where there is a note about it. (&quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google)
* If something has been generated by an &quot;AI&quot;/LLM then please make a note of that so the reader knows. Also please document the specific &quot;AI name&quot;, ie. &quot;AI Mode&quot;, &quot;GPT-5 mini&quot; etc. as long as that name is enough to find the AI/LLM on Wikidata or on Wikipedia.

For questions that have been &quot;AI-Generated&quot; this section has been created to document the queries/input:
* [[Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/AI Prompt History for Questions|Please document your input and output here when interacting with an AI/LLM]]

== Original Motivations ==

This section can list motivations by each user who contributes content or questions to this page.
* '''User:ThinkingScience''' My motivation is related to perceived limited progress by psychiatry and getting inspired by writers exploring Neurodiversity topics. I don't feel I have a right to have an opinion about psychiatry considering this idea's methodology is being developed during the publishing(and before) of this edit. It is my hope that if this idea develops how I expect it to it will be an &quot;extra parameter&quot; that some other sciences can use, including psychiatry. It is my hope that this idea will thus help psychiatry develop in a great way though my personal hope is it will help sociology more.
* Example user x
* Example user y etc.

== &quot;Do no harm&quot; ==

This section can list ideas/comments by users who are trying to do no harm while using their methodology(which should be documented on this page, if possible!):
* '''User:ThinkingScience''' Considering I am watching videos of famous people in interviews. I am making notes...my goal should be that not only my public notes are following the &quot;Do no harm&quot; but that my private notes do as well. That can be my goal for now. We'll see how this develops...
* Example user x
* Example user y etc.

Do no harm links from [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] into Wikipedia with no examples for Wikiversity users specifically, yet.

== &quot;Research projects must fully document the methods&quot; ==

{{quote|Safety - Research must be conducted in a safe and lawful manner. Do no harm.}}

An idea for the minimum age of the subjects which are &quot;studied&quot; in a &quot;Do no harm&quot; way, if even possible, might be 29 years of age. There is disagreement regarding the exact age of a person when their brain matures and it may benefit the student/contributor if the &quot;starting age&quot; or &quot;minimum age&quot; is high enough so that a person with a &quot;fully matured brain&quot; also has some experience living with that fully matured brain.

💡💡💡'''Suggestion: 29 minimum years of age for anyone participating in this project.'''💡💡💡 for the sake of &quot;Do no harm&quot;?

which is described on [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] that links to Wikipedia. This section needs work.

One of the methodologies is to watch a video, ie. a video interview of famous people or footage where the researcher has gotten legal access and specific consent from any person appearing in the video footage.

Methodologies need to be developed where data is gathered in a way that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot;.

=== Focusing on creating a &quot;Do no harm&quot;-compliant method ===

This needs to be developed.

This sub-page is created so we can make video notes. We can watch a video and then we can make video notes. We must do the video notes by following [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] and &quot;Do no harm&quot;. How to do that can be tricky. &quot;Do no harm&quot; links to Wikipedia because we don't have our own resource where we help you how to do that.

=== method of interacting with draft and other pages on Wikiversity ===

&quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google can be used to get inspired by what kind of things to focus on, including if one thinks they started &quot;blathering&quot; and the text started to grow 'for no apparent reason' because the user landed in a &quot;non-productive behavior&quot; and the repeating themselves kept going on and on.

Prompts that generate questions and other things could be added into a subsection of this draft research

=== Video Notes before the creation of a more 'stable' method that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot; ===
* [[/Method_development_through_video_notes|Video Notes]]

== Questions that might encourage the development of this idea and its methodology ==

'''The New Way: 100% human generated questions and answers''':

If a student/contributor figures out their own questions without the help of an AI/&quot;AI&quot;/LLM please contribute in this section. Otherwise go to &quot;The Old Way&quot; section and contribute there.

* 1. Is this &quot;idea&quot; testable?
- It is in the plans for it to be testable '''but not testable yet'''.
* 2. Is it possible to create one or more hypotheses based on this &quot;idea&quot;?
- Multiple hypotheses have been made but never published. Plan is to publish hypotheses related to the &quot;idea&quot; in the future.

'''The Old Way'''

This is for any AI/LLM that is available to you. Please document the output here and if you want to contribute the input prompts and more specific details go to the subpage [[Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea/AI_Prompt_History_for_Questions]]

Questions and 'follow up'-/improved questions generated by Google &quot;AI Mode&quot;:
* What is missing right now?
** &quot;Improved&quot; version: &quot;What key sections are missing from this research draft to meet Wikiversity standards?&quot;
* How will we know if the idea is working?

== Naming Suggestions ==

Feel free to edit/modify or remove content in this section.

Example name ideas:
* Pre-research: Observations made inside psychiatry spectrums
* Psychiatric Spectrum Specifications
* Next-Gen Brain Types
* Next-Gen Sociology
* Next-Gen Neurotypes

== Future references to this draft ==

In the event that other publications start referring to this draft in the future, the template &quot;findsources&quot; is added:

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{{AI-generated}}

{{Notice|'''Please excuse mistakes and problems''' this is a work in progress and pages may be published which are unfinished and that contain unfinished sentences and repetitions}}

== Explanation regarding {{tl|AI-generated}} template presence on this page ==

* Some questions that can be asked have been generated where there is a note about it. (&quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google)
* If something has been generated by an &quot;AI&quot;/LLM then please make a note of that so the reader knows. Also please document the specific &quot;AI name&quot;, ie. &quot;AI Mode&quot;, &quot;GPT-5 mini&quot; etc. as long as that name is enough to find the AI/LLM on Wikidata or on Wikipedia.

For questions that have been &quot;AI-Generated&quot; this section has been created to document the queries/input:
* [[Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/AI Prompt History for Questions|Please document your input and output here when interacting with an AI/LLM]]

== Original Motivations ==

This section can list motivations by each user who contributes content or questions to this page.
* '''User:ThinkingScience''' My motivation is related to perceived limited progress by psychiatry and getting inspired by writers exploring Neurodiversity topics. I don't feel I have a right to have an opinion about psychiatry considering this idea's methodology is being developed during the publishing(and before) of this edit. It is my hope that if this idea develops how I expect it to it will be an &quot;extra parameter&quot; that some other sciences can use, including psychiatry. It is my hope that this idea will thus help psychiatry develop in a great way though my personal hope is it will help sociology more.
* Example user x
* Example user y etc.

== &quot;Do no harm&quot; ==

This section can list ideas/comments by users who are trying to do no harm while using their methodology(which should be documented on this page, if possible!):
* '''User:ThinkingScience''' Considering I am watching videos of famous people in interviews. I am making notes...my goal should be that not only my public notes are following the &quot;Do no harm&quot; but that my private notes do as well. That can be my goal for now. We'll see how this develops...
* Example user x
* Example user y etc.

Do no harm links from [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] into Wikipedia with no examples for Wikiversity users specifically, yet.

== &quot;Research projects must fully document the methods&quot; ==

{{quote|Safety - Research must be conducted in a safe and lawful manner. Do no harm.}}

An idea for the minimum age of the subjects which are &quot;studied&quot; in a &quot;Do no harm&quot; way, if even possible, might be 29 years of age. There is disagreement regarding the exact age of a person when their brain matures and it may benefit the student/contributor if the &quot;starting age&quot; or &quot;minimum age&quot; is high enough so that a person with a &quot;fully matured brain&quot; also has some experience living with that fully matured brain.

💡💡💡'''Suggestion: 29 minimum years of age for anyone participating in this project.'''💡💡💡 for the sake of &quot;Do no harm&quot;?

which is described on [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] that links to Wikipedia. This section needs work.

One of the methodologies is to watch a video, ie. a video interview of famous people or footage where the researcher has gotten legal access and specific consent from any person appearing in the video footage.

Methodologies need to be developed where data is gathered in a way that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot;.

=== Focusing on creating a &quot;Do no harm&quot;-compliant method ===

This needs to be developed.

This sub-page is created so we can make video notes. We can watch a video and then we can make video notes. We must do the video notes by following [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] and &quot;Do no harm&quot;. How to do that can be tricky. &quot;Do no harm&quot; links to Wikipedia because we don't have our own resource where we help you how to do that.

=== method of interacting with draft and other pages on Wikiversity ===

&quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google can be used to get inspired by what kind of things to focus on, including if one thinks they started &quot;blathering&quot; and the text started to grow 'for no apparent reason' because the user landed in a &quot;non-productive behavior&quot; and the repeating themselves kept going on and on.

Prompts that generate questions and other things could be added into a subsection of this draft research

=== Video Notes before the creation of a more 'stable' method that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot; ===
* [[/Method_development_through_video_notes|Video Notes]]

== Questions that might encourage the development of this idea and its methodology ==

Questions that encouraged certain dates of time:
* June 16: Two months after the creation of the project some 'basic form' of a/- hypothes-is/-es should exist. ie. measuring rapport. How rapport can/will be measured. What tools can be used. How one makes &quot;first contact&quot; with people. Challenges and work to be done regarding the &quot;main hypothesis&quot;. This is a prediction. Time will tell if a &quot;main hypothesis&quot; will be ready by June 16.

'''The New Way: 100% human generated questions and answers''':

If a student/contributor figures out their own questions without the help of an AI/&quot;AI&quot;/LLM please contribute in this section. Otherwise go to &quot;The Old Way&quot; section and contribute there.

Questions in no particular order:
* Is this &quot;idea&quot; testable?
- It is in the plans for it to be testable '''but not testable yet'''.

* Is it possible to create one or more hypotheses based on this &quot;idea&quot;?
- Multiple hypotheses have been made but never published. Plan is to publish hypotheses related to the &quot;idea&quot; in the future.
* Is there a hypothesis or a number of hypotheses related to the idea?
** Can this idea be proven false?
- It can not yet be proven false considering a hypothesis is not currently described. Goal is to have a hypothesis at least before June 16, 2026 which is 2 months roughly after the first creation of the page. 
A basic hypothesis structure may/should exist by then but a complete hypothesis being created that is &quot;perfect in some ways&quot; that can't be predicted yet.

'''The Old Way'''

This is for any AI/LLM that is available to you. Please document the output here and if you want to contribute the input prompts and more specific details go to the subpage [[Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea/AI_Prompt_History_for_Questions]]

Questions and 'follow up'-/improved questions generated by Google &quot;AI Mode&quot;:
* What is missing right now?
** &quot;Improved&quot; version: &quot;What key sections are missing from this research draft to meet Wikiversity standards?&quot;
* How will we know if the idea is working?

== Naming Suggestions ==

Feel free to edit/modify or remove content in this section.

Example name ideas:
* Pre-research: Observations made inside psychiatry spectrums
* Psychiatric Spectrum Specifications
* Next-Gen Brain Types
* Next-Gen Sociology
* Next-Gen Neurotypes

== Future references to this draft ==

In the event that other publications start referring to this draft in the future, the template &quot;findsources&quot; is added:

{{findsources}}</text>
      <sha1>qicwdh487ob8gqdjympg7jnpek3w4ej</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806804</id>
      <parentid>2806785</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T14:54:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ThinkingScience</username>
        <id>3061446</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>From inspiration by my father I hereby add the 2nd section to be &quot;== Hypothes-is/-es ==&quot;. Deadline set for &quot;basic development&quot;</comment>
      <origin>2806804</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7382" sha1="qaerbs1o6cdsciaqiuwk64heg37sdh1" xml:space="preserve">{{Research project|status=draft}}
{{AI-generated}}

{{Notice|'''Please excuse mistakes and problems''' this is a work in progress and pages may be published which are unfinished and that contain unfinished sentences and repetitions}}

== Explanation regarding {{tl|AI-generated}} template presence on this page ==

* Some questions that can be asked have been generated where there is a note about it. (&quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google)
* If something has been generated by an &quot;AI&quot;/LLM then please make a note of that so the reader knows. Also please document the specific &quot;AI name&quot;, ie. &quot;AI Mode&quot;, &quot;GPT-5 mini&quot; etc. as long as that name is enough to find the AI/LLM on Wikidata or on Wikipedia.

For questions that have been &quot;AI-Generated&quot; this section has been created to document the queries/input:
* [[Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/AI Prompt History for Questions|Please document your input and output here when interacting with an AI/LLM]]

== Hypothes-is/-es ==

Preliminary date for basics of hypothesis/hypotheses being developed: June 16.

== Original Motivations ==

This section can list motivations by each user who contributes content or questions to this page.
* '''User:ThinkingScience''' My motivation is related to perceived limited progress by psychiatry and getting inspired by writers exploring Neurodiversity topics. I don't feel I have a right to have an opinion about psychiatry considering this idea's methodology is being developed during the publishing(and before) of this edit. It is my hope that if this idea develops how I expect it to it will be an &quot;extra parameter&quot; that some other sciences can use, including psychiatry. It is my hope that this idea will thus help psychiatry develop in a great way though my personal hope is it will help sociology more.
* Example user x
* Example user y etc.

== &quot;Do no harm&quot; ==

This section can list ideas/comments by users who are trying to do no harm while using their methodology(which should be documented on this page, if possible!):
* '''User:ThinkingScience''' Considering I am watching videos of famous people in interviews. I am making notes...my goal should be that not only my public notes are following the &quot;Do no harm&quot; but that my private notes do as well. That can be my goal for now. We'll see how this develops...
* Example user x
* Example user y etc.

Do no harm links from [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] into Wikipedia with no examples for Wikiversity users specifically, yet.

== &quot;Research projects must fully document the methods&quot; ==

{{quote|Safety - Research must be conducted in a safe and lawful manner. Do no harm.}}

An idea for the minimum age of the subjects which are &quot;studied&quot; in a &quot;Do no harm&quot; way, if even possible, might be 29 years of age. There is disagreement regarding the exact age of a person when their brain matures and it may benefit the student/contributor if the &quot;starting age&quot; or &quot;minimum age&quot; is high enough so that a person with a &quot;fully matured brain&quot; also has some experience living with that fully matured brain.

💡💡💡'''Suggestion: 29 minimum years of age for anyone participating in this project.'''💡💡💡 for the sake of &quot;Do no harm&quot;?

which is described on [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] that links to Wikipedia. This section needs work.

One of the methodologies is to watch a video, ie. a video interview of famous people or footage where the researcher has gotten legal access and specific consent from any person appearing in the video footage.

Methodologies need to be developed where data is gathered in a way that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot;.

=== Focusing on creating a &quot;Do no harm&quot;-compliant method ===

This needs to be developed.

This sub-page is created so we can make video notes. We can watch a video and then we can make video notes. We must do the video notes by following [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] and &quot;Do no harm&quot;. How to do that can be tricky. &quot;Do no harm&quot; links to Wikipedia because we don't have our own resource where we help you how to do that.

=== method of interacting with draft and other pages on Wikiversity ===

&quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google can be used to get inspired by what kind of things to focus on, including if one thinks they started &quot;blathering&quot; and the text started to grow 'for no apparent reason' because the user landed in a &quot;non-productive behavior&quot; and the repeating themselves kept going on and on.

Prompts that generate questions and other things could be added into a subsection of this draft research

=== Video Notes before the creation of a more 'stable' method that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot; ===

* [[/Method_development_through_video_notes|Video Notes]]

== Questions that might encourage the development of this idea and its methodology ==

Questions that encouraged certain dates of time:
* June 16: Two months after the creation of the project some 'basic form' of a/- hypothes-is/-es should exist. ie. measuring rapport. How rapport can/will be measured. What tools can be used. How one makes &quot;first contact&quot; with people. Challenges and work to be done regarding the &quot;main hypothesis&quot;. This is a prediction. Time will tell if a &quot;main hypothesis&quot; will be ready by June 16.

'''The New Way: 100% human generated questions and answers''':

If a student/contributor figures out their own questions without the help of an AI/&quot;AI&quot;/LLM please contribute in this section. Otherwise go to &quot;The Old Way&quot; section and contribute there.

Questions in no particular order:
* Is this &quot;idea&quot; testable?
- It is in the plans for it to be testable '''but not testable yet'''.

* Is it possible to create one or more hypotheses based on this &quot;idea&quot;?
- Multiple hypotheses have been made but never published. Plan is to publish hypotheses related to the &quot;idea&quot; in the future.
* Is there a hypothesis or a number of hypotheses related to the idea?
** Can this idea be proven false?
- It can not yet be proven false considering a hypothesis is not currently described. Goal is to have a hypothesis at least before June 16, 2026 which is 2 months roughly after the first creation of the page. 
A basic hypothesis structure may/should exist by then but a complete hypothesis being created that is &quot;perfect in some ways&quot; that can't be predicted yet.

'''The Old Way'''

This is for any AI/LLM that is available to you. Please document the output here and if you want to contribute the input prompts and more specific details go to the subpage [[Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea/AI_Prompt_History_for_Questions]]

Questions and 'follow up'-/improved questions generated by Google &quot;AI Mode&quot;:
* What is missing right now?
** &quot;Improved&quot; version: &quot;What key sections are missing from this research draft to meet Wikiversity standards?&quot;
* How will we know if the idea is working?

== Naming Suggestions ==

Feel free to edit/modify or remove content in this section.

Example name ideas:
* Pre-research: Observations made inside psychiatry spectrums
* Psychiatric Spectrum Specifications
* Next-Gen Brain Types
* Next-Gen Sociology
* Next-Gen Neurotypes

== References/in-Wikiversity-Wikilinks ==

This section is for linking to specific references:

* [2] - [[Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea/AI_Prompt_History_for_Questions#Reference_2]]


== Future references to this draft ==

In the event that other publications start referring to this draft in the future, the template &quot;findsources&quot; is added:

{{findsources}}</text>
      <sha1>qaerbs1o6cdsciaqiuwk64heg37sdh1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806807</id>
      <parentid>2806804</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T15:09:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ThinkingScience</username>
        <id>3061446</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Hypothes-is/-es */ year</comment>
      <origin>2806807</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7388" sha1="5m539zupzefm9ezxzztslq3w3gnlkir" xml:space="preserve">{{Research project|status=draft}}
{{AI-generated}}

{{Notice|'''Please excuse mistakes and problems''' this is a work in progress and pages may be published which are unfinished and that contain unfinished sentences and repetitions}}

== Explanation regarding {{tl|AI-generated}} template presence on this page ==

* Some questions that can be asked have been generated where there is a note about it. (&quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google)
* If something has been generated by an &quot;AI&quot;/LLM then please make a note of that so the reader knows. Also please document the specific &quot;AI name&quot;, ie. &quot;AI Mode&quot;, &quot;GPT-5 mini&quot; etc. as long as that name is enough to find the AI/LLM on Wikidata or on Wikipedia.

For questions that have been &quot;AI-Generated&quot; this section has been created to document the queries/input:
* [[Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/AI Prompt History for Questions|Please document your input and output here when interacting with an AI/LLM]]

== Hypothes-is/-es ==

Preliminary date for basics of hypothesis/hypotheses being developed: June 16, 2026.

== Original Motivations ==

This section can list motivations by each user who contributes content or questions to this page.
* '''User:ThinkingScience''' My motivation is related to perceived limited progress by psychiatry and getting inspired by writers exploring Neurodiversity topics. I don't feel I have a right to have an opinion about psychiatry considering this idea's methodology is being developed during the publishing(and before) of this edit. It is my hope that if this idea develops how I expect it to it will be an &quot;extra parameter&quot; that some other sciences can use, including psychiatry. It is my hope that this idea will thus help psychiatry develop in a great way though my personal hope is it will help sociology more.
* Example user x
* Example user y etc.

== &quot;Do no harm&quot; ==

This section can list ideas/comments by users who are trying to do no harm while using their methodology(which should be documented on this page, if possible!):
* '''User:ThinkingScience''' Considering I am watching videos of famous people in interviews. I am making notes...my goal should be that not only my public notes are following the &quot;Do no harm&quot; but that my private notes do as well. That can be my goal for now. We'll see how this develops...
* Example user x
* Example user y etc.

Do no harm links from [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] into Wikipedia with no examples for Wikiversity users specifically, yet.

== &quot;Research projects must fully document the methods&quot; ==

{{quote|Safety - Research must be conducted in a safe and lawful manner. Do no harm.}}

An idea for the minimum age of the subjects which are &quot;studied&quot; in a &quot;Do no harm&quot; way, if even possible, might be 29 years of age. There is disagreement regarding the exact age of a person when their brain matures and it may benefit the student/contributor if the &quot;starting age&quot; or &quot;minimum age&quot; is high enough so that a person with a &quot;fully matured brain&quot; also has some experience living with that fully matured brain.

💡💡💡'''Suggestion: 29 minimum years of age for anyone participating in this project.'''💡💡💡 for the sake of &quot;Do no harm&quot;?

which is described on [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] that links to Wikipedia. This section needs work.

One of the methodologies is to watch a video, ie. a video interview of famous people or footage where the researcher has gotten legal access and specific consent from any person appearing in the video footage.

Methodologies need to be developed where data is gathered in a way that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot;.

=== Focusing on creating a &quot;Do no harm&quot;-compliant method ===

This needs to be developed.

This sub-page is created so we can make video notes. We can watch a video and then we can make video notes. We must do the video notes by following [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] and &quot;Do no harm&quot;. How to do that can be tricky. &quot;Do no harm&quot; links to Wikipedia because we don't have our own resource where we help you how to do that.

=== method of interacting with draft and other pages on Wikiversity ===

&quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google can be used to get inspired by what kind of things to focus on, including if one thinks they started &quot;blathering&quot; and the text started to grow 'for no apparent reason' because the user landed in a &quot;non-productive behavior&quot; and the repeating themselves kept going on and on.

Prompts that generate questions and other things could be added into a subsection of this draft research

=== Video Notes before the creation of a more 'stable' method that adheres to &quot;Do no harm&quot; ===

* [[/Method_development_through_video_notes|Video Notes]]

== Questions that might encourage the development of this idea and its methodology ==

Questions that encouraged certain dates of time:
* June 16: Two months after the creation of the project some 'basic form' of a/- hypothes-is/-es should exist. ie. measuring rapport. How rapport can/will be measured. What tools can be used. How one makes &quot;first contact&quot; with people. Challenges and work to be done regarding the &quot;main hypothesis&quot;. This is a prediction. Time will tell if a &quot;main hypothesis&quot; will be ready by June 16.

'''The New Way: 100% human generated questions and answers''':

If a student/contributor figures out their own questions without the help of an AI/&quot;AI&quot;/LLM please contribute in this section. Otherwise go to &quot;The Old Way&quot; section and contribute there.

Questions in no particular order:
* Is this &quot;idea&quot; testable?
- It is in the plans for it to be testable '''but not testable yet'''.

* Is it possible to create one or more hypotheses based on this &quot;idea&quot;?
- Multiple hypotheses have been made but never published. Plan is to publish hypotheses related to the &quot;idea&quot; in the future.
* Is there a hypothesis or a number of hypotheses related to the idea?
** Can this idea be proven false?
- It can not yet be proven false considering a hypothesis is not currently described. Goal is to have a hypothesis at least before June 16, 2026 which is 2 months roughly after the first creation of the page. 
A basic hypothesis structure may/should exist by then but a complete hypothesis being created that is &quot;perfect in some ways&quot; that can't be predicted yet.

'''The Old Way'''

This is for any AI/LLM that is available to you. Please document the output here and if you want to contribute the input prompts and more specific details go to the subpage [[Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea/AI_Prompt_History_for_Questions]]

Questions and 'follow up'-/improved questions generated by Google &quot;AI Mode&quot;:
* What is missing right now?
** &quot;Improved&quot; version: &quot;What key sections are missing from this research draft to meet Wikiversity standards?&quot;
* How will we know if the idea is working?

== Naming Suggestions ==

Feel free to edit/modify or remove content in this section.

Example name ideas:
* Pre-research: Observations made inside psychiatry spectrums
* Psychiatric Spectrum Specifications
* Next-Gen Brain Types
* Next-Gen Sociology
* Next-Gen Neurotypes

== References/in-Wikiversity-Wikilinks ==

This section is for linking to specific references:

* [2] - [[Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea/AI_Prompt_History_for_Questions#Reference_2]]


== Future references to this draft ==

In the event that other publications start referring to this draft in the future, the template &quot;findsources&quot; is added:

{{findsources}}</text>
      <sha1>5m539zupzefm9ezxzztslq3w3gnlkir</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Atcovi/OGM &amp; Suicide</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>329164</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2806791</id>
      <parentid>2806039</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T14:15:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>276019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Research */</comment>
      <origin>2806791</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20836" sha1="tdte6fas8e8y9bor6sgcdfy4bxuejyv" xml:space="preserve">''Paper count:'' 12 (4/22/2026)

== Research ==

=== [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-020-02877-6 Jiang, W., Hu, G., Zhang, J. ''et al.'' Distinct effects of over-general autobiographical memory on suicidal ideation among depressed and healthy people. ''BMC Psychiatry'' '''20''', 501 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02877-6] ===
'''Background'''

* Mentions [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6053985/ the integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour] by O'Conner&lt;ref&gt;The '''integrated motivational-volitional (IMV) model of suicidal behavior''', dividing it into three phases: pre-motivational, motivational, and volitional. Firstly, the pre-motivational phase is composed of diathesis, environment, and life events, describing the background factors and triggering events. Secondly, the motivational phase focuses on the psychological processes of suicidal ideation and intent. Finally, the volitional phase governs the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Mentions number of studies associating OGM with suicide: &quot;''...it could be inferred that OGM mediates the suicidal process by preventing the individuals from solving problems and envisioning the future by searching in the past experience, thereby creating a feeling of hopelessness and helplessness.''&quot;
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352250X21000129 MeST] ↑ generalization of autobiographical memory ↓
* '''Research question(s)?''' No clear evidence to show how childhood trauma &amp; OGM interact in the suicidal process and whether depression is a ''moderating'' effect. 
* '''Hypothesis?''' OGM has different effects on the suicide process in depression patients and healthy individuals.
* '''Purpose of study?''' Aimed to compare childhood trauma, OGM, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior between depression patients and healthy individuals, and explore the differences caused by depression in suicidal pathways.

'''Method'''

* '''356 Chinese participants'''.
** '''180 depressed participants''': (''n'' = 121) 67.2% of the depressed patients were depressed for more than a year. 
** '''176 healthy individuals'''
'''Measures'''

* '''Depressive symptoms''': BDI-II [Beck Depression Inventory-II]; 21-item self-report survey that asses depression severity symptoms for past 2 weeks, using a four point Likert scale of 0-3. 
* '''OGM''': OGMQ; 19-item self-report tool that assesses the specificity of autobiographical memory using a four-point Likert scale (1 = perfect math; 4 = not a match). Total scores range from 19-76, with higher the score, the more frequent general, non-specific memories come into play. 
* '''Childhood trauma''': [CTQ-SF]; 28-item self-report survey measuring maltreatment and trauma experience before age 16 using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never; 5 = always). The five subscales include sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. 
* '''Suicidal ideation''': [BSI-CV]; 19-item self-report questionnaire that evaluates the thoughts about life and death and the severity of SI, using a three-point scale of 0-2. Range: 0-38.  
** If the score of item 4 or 5 is NOT 0, it indicates suicidal ideation. 
** ↑ BSI-CV score ↑ SI
* '''PSB:''' ...or previous suicidal behavior; 4-point scale was used (0 = never, 1 = once; 2 = twice; 3 = more than twice). Question asked was: &quot;how many times did you induce self-injury or suicidal behaviors, such as taking medicine or cutting your wrists in the past?&quot;.
'''Results'''

* Trauma → OGM, WSI, CSI
* OGM → WSI + CSI
* WSI → CSI
* WSI → PSB

* PSB → CSI (reverse influence) [suggests '''impulsive attempts ≠ ideation pathway]'''

WSI is strongly predictive of:

* PSB
* future SI intensity 

'''Discussion'''

# '''OGM''' = overgeneralized autobiographical memory, remembering things vaguley and not specifically.
# '''WSI''' = worst suicidal thoughts one has ever had [at a certain point].
# '''CSI''' = current point of suicidal ideation
* [according to the author] appears to be the first study that connects CSI and WSI of depressed and healthy control groups with suicidal behavior, childhood trauma, and autobiographical memory together.
* '''Results?''' Suggests that SI and behavior od epression patients are significantly HIGHER than of healthy individuals. Background factors, such as childhood trauma, and the moderator of suicide, such as OGM, are more severe in depression patients. 
** ONLY in depression patients, OGM significantly affects the CSI and acts an intermediary between childhood trauma and CSI.
** ...but NO significant effect of OGM on CSI in healthy individuals, ''indicating that OGM plays different roles in the emergence of suicidal ideation in different populations''. &lt;-- appears to be relevant only with other paired vulnerabilities (ex, trauma).
** OGM as a stable trait of depression was more severe in the depression group vs. healthy control.
** Childhood trauma &amp; OGM were correlated with WSI, indicating that they are critical factors of SI in accordance with the IMV model.
** PSB was strongly correlated to WSI. WSI might be an independent predictor of follow-up suicidal ideation intensity.
** Another finding was that PSB was negatively correlated with CSI and less affected by WSI in the healthy group. One reason might be that most proportion of suicides in healthy people are impulsive attempts, which do not follow the depression-hopelessness path to suicidal behavior, with lower expectations of death and suicidal ideation.
** OGM + WSI mediated '''70.28% of the total effect''' between trauma and CSI [impact of trauma on CSI does not happen ''directly'', but through OGM (messes up memory style) &amp; WSI (makes past suicidal thoughts worse)], while 30% of it is direct between trauma and current suicidal ideation.
* Improving the specificity of autobiographical memory may be an effective way to prevent suicidal ideation for depression. These could be achieved through life-review therapy &amp; MeST, both geared towards recalling memories in detail.
* '''Limitations?''' Low sample size, cross-sectional study, suicide's complex nature makes it difficult to account for all possible biological and psychological factors.
* '''Conclusion?''' This study identified the different roles of OGM in the suicidal ideation of depressed and healthy people. In depression patients, it affects the CSI and WSI and mediates the CSI due to the effect of childhood trauma. In healthy people, it can only affect the WSI. As an adjustable risk factor, the autobiographical memory might be a target of intervention for suicidal ideation in depression patients. Since training in specific memory retrieval has been proven to be effective in depression, future studies should consider whether it can reduce the emergence of suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior.

=== [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4743605/pdf/pmem-24-348.pdf Adolescent over-general memory, life events and mental health outcomes: Findings from a UK cohort] ===
Crane et al. (2016) – Community adolescent cohort

* Large UK longitudinal study (n≈5800 adolescents; ages 13 → 16)
* Tested whether OGM predicts depression/suicidality and moderates life stress
* '''Findings:'''
** OGM did not predict depression, suicidal ideation, or self-harm
** OGM did not moderate the effect of life events
** Life events strongly predicted all outcomes
* '''Interpretation:'''
** OGM may not function as a general vulnerability factor in community samples
** Likely only relevant in high-risk or depressed populations

=== Sumner et al. (2010) – Meta-analysis (OGM &amp; depression) ===

* Meta-analysis of '''15 studies''' examining whether OGM predicts the course of depression
* '''Findings:'''
** Higher OGM (fewer specific memories) → higher depressive symptoms at follow-up
** Effect remains '''even after controlling for baseline depression'''
** Overall effect size is '''small but significant (~1–2% variance explained)'''
* '''Moderators:'''
** Stronger effect in '''clinically depressed samples vs nonclinical'''
** Stronger with '''shorter follow-up periods'''

* '''Interpretation:'''
** OGM is a '''predictor of depression maintenance''', not just a correlate
** Likely acts as a '''vulnerability factor''', especially in high-risk groups
{{Notice|OGM works under certain conditions (clinical / high-risk), not universally}}

=== Moore &amp; Zoellner (2007) – Evaluative Review (OGM &amp; trauma) ===

* Evaluative review of '''24 studies''' examining trauma exposure and OGM
* '''Core question:''' Does trauma cause overgeneral memory?
'''Findings'''
* ❌ '''No consistent link''' between trauma exposure and OGM
* ✅ OGM is more consistently linked to:
** '''Depression'''
** '''PTSD symptoms (intrusions, avoidance)'''
* Trauma exposure alone is '''not sufficient''' to produce OGM
* OGM appears more tied to '''psychopathology''', not the event itself
'''Key nuance'''
* Post-trauma '''symptoms''' (not the trauma itself) are what matter
* Evidence across studies is '''mixed and methodologically inconsistent'''
'''Interpretation'''
* Challenges the classic “trauma → OGM” theory
* Supports alternative view:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM = cognitive feature of clinical disorders (e.g., MDD, PTSD)&lt;/blockquote&gt;
*Trauma alone isn’t enough — psychological response matters

=== Crane &amp; Duggan (2009) – CSA onset &amp; OGM in suicidal patients ===

* Clinical sample of '''49 patients with recurrent suicidal behavior'''
* Examined whether '''age of onset of childhood sexual abuse (CSA)''' relates to OGM

'''Findings'''

* Earlier CSA onset → '''greater OGM''' (fewer specific, more categorical memories)
* Effect remained after controlling for:
** depression
** verbal fluency
* Presence vs absence of CSA '''did NOT differ in OGM'''
** (because sample already highly clinical)

'''Interpretation'''

* Not trauma itself → but '''timing of trauma (early development)''' matters
* Supports idea that OGM develops when:
** memory systems are still forming
** avoidance becomes a learned coping style 

'''Insights'''

# Analysis of OGM in a suicidal population.
# Moore &amp; Zoellner had trauma alone ≠ OGM, while Crane &amp; Duggan added some trauma characteristics from early developmental trauma. 
# ''To take note'': Earlier trauma is associated with greater OGM '''within high-risk groups.''' 

=== Champagne et al. (2016) – OGM in adolescent MDD ===

* Clinical adolescent sample (ages 11–18; current MDD, remitted MDD, never depressed)
* Tested whether OGM is '''state (only during depression)''' or '''trait (persists after)'''

'''Findings:'''

* Adolescents with '''current AND remitted MDD''' showed more OGM than controls
* No significant difference between current vs remitted groups
* OGM present for both '''positive and negative cues'''

'''Interpretation:'''

* OGM is likely a '''trait-like vulnerability''', not just a temporary symptom
* May contribute to '''risk of recurrence''' in depression

'''1. Trait vs state question (very important)'''

This paper directly answers:&lt;blockquote&gt;Is OGM just a symptom or a vulnerability?&lt;/blockquote&gt;👉 Answer: '''likely vulnerability'''

That’s big for your argument.
----'''2. Adolescent + clinical sample'''

* Not just adults
* Not just community

👉 Stronger relevance than many papers
----'''3. Fits your mechanism pathway'''

Supports:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM persists → increases long-term risk → can feed into suicidal ideation&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Limitations'''

* Small sample (n=65 total)
* Cross-sectional → can’t prove causality

* Can’t tell if OGM came '''before''' depression or is a “scar”

=== Arie et al. (2008) – OGM, problem solving &amp; suicidal behavior ===

* Clinical adolescent inpatient sample (suicidal vs nonsuicidal vs healthy controls)
* Tested Williams’ model linking OGM, problem solving, and suicide

'''Findings:'''

* Suicidal adolescents showed:
** '''More OGM (less specific memory)'''
** '''Worse interpersonal problem-solving ability'''
** '''Higher hopelessness'''
* OGM significantly correlated with:
** poorer problem solving
** higher hopelessness
** greater suicidal behavior
* Negative childhood life events also linked to OGM and suicide

'''Interpretation:'''

* Supports pathway:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM → poor problem solving → hopelessness → suicidal behavior&lt;/blockquote&gt;
* OGM may limit access to specific past experiences needed to solve problems effectively

'''Insights'''

* Study on population actually attempting suicide.
* Points out a clear pathway
* Suicidal group had lowest memory specificity, worst problem-solving abilities, and highest hopelessness

'''Limitations''' 

* n=75, small sample
* cross sectional, so causality can not be pinpointed
* inpatient sample, so cannot be generalizable

=== Kaviani et al. (2011) – OGM, problem solving &amp; suicidal ideation ===

* Clinical sample: depressed patients '''with vs without suicidal ideation'''
* Tested links between OGM, problem solving, depression, and hopelessness

'''Findings:'''

* Suicidal ideation group:
** '''Less specific autobiographical memories (more OGM)'''
** '''More hopelessness'''
** '''Less effective problem-solving strategies'''
* OGM associated with:
** poorer problem solving
** greater hopelessness
* Evidence for a “cycle”:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM → poor problem solving → hopelessness → suicidal ideation&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Interpretation:'''

* OGM may contribute to suicidal ideation by '''impairing cognitive functioning''', especially problem solving
* Supports a '''cognitive pathway to suicide risk'''

'''Insights'''

* Studies suicidal ideation directly.
* Mechanism displayed: OGM --&gt; problem solving --&gt; hopelessness --&gt; suicidal ideation
* Within-depression comparison

'''Limitations'''

* n=40
* Cross-sectional, lacks causality
* Specific country (Iran)

=== Zhu et al. (2025) – OGM &amp; suicidal ideation (ML study) ===

* Clinical sample (n=88 depressed patients; with vs without suicidal ideation across severity levels)
* Used '''AMT + machine learning + vocal features''' to distinguish suicidal ideation

'''Findings:'''

* Patients with suicidal ideation:
** '''More OGM (fewer specific memories)'''
** Especially impaired recall of '''positive memories'''
* OGM strongly associated with '''severity of suicidal ideation'''
* Crucially:
** '''OGM predicts suicidal ideation independently of depression severity'''
* ML model showed:
** OGM features were key for identifying '''presence of suicidal ideation'''
** Depression severity features ≠ sufficient to predict SI

'''Interpretation:'''

* OGM is a '''specific cognitive marker of suicidal ideation''', not just a byproduct of depression
* Supports:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM contributes uniquely to suicidal ideation beyond general depression&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Insights'''

* OGM is unique in contribution/specifically tied to SI.
* Separated depression anxiety and suicidal ideation.

OGM is not merely a correlate of depression, but a distinct cognitive vulnerability that contributes specifically to suicidal ideation.

=== Weiss-Cowie et al. (2023) — Meta-analysis on OGM &amp; depression ===
'''🔑 Core findings (clean summary)'''

* Massive meta-analysis ('''67 studies''')
* Depressed individuals show:
** '''Less specific memories''' → ''(g = −0.73)''
** '''More overgeneral memories''' → ''(g = 0.77)''

👉 That’s '''medium–large effect sizes''' → very strong evidence
----'''🧠 Important conceptual findings'''

'''1. OGM exists across:'''

* Current depression
* Subthreshold depression
* Remitted depression

👉 Translation:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM is not just a “currently depressed” phenomenon&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''2. Trait vs state (VERY important for your work)'''

* OGM persists even after remission
* But is '''stronger during active depression'''

👉 This supports:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM = '''trait vulnerability that gets amplified during depression'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''3. Supports CaR-FA-X model'''

* Capture &amp; rumination
* Functional avoidance
* Executive dysfunction

👉 This is your '''mechanism backbone paper'''

=== Crane et. al (2016) ===

* Year: '''2016''' (so not “new,” but still solid)
* Design: '''Large longitudinal cohort (ALSPAC)'''
* Sample: ~5,700 adolescents

* Timeline:
** OGM at age 13
** Outcomes at age 16

'''Conclusions'''&lt;blockquote&gt;'''No meaningful relationship between OGM and later:'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* Depression
* Suicidal ideation
* Self-harm

After controlling for confounds.
This paper is basically saying:&lt;blockquote&gt;“OGM is NOT a general population risk factor for later psychopathology.”&lt;/blockquote&gt;More precisely:

* Works in:
** Clinical samples
** High-risk groups
* '''Does NOT generalize to community samples'''

'''Insights'''

* high-quality longitudinal data

'''1. Show inconsistency'''&lt;blockquote&gt;“While some studies show associations between OGM and suicidality, large community-based longitudinal evidence suggests no such relationship.”&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''2. Introduce moderation / context argument'''&lt;blockquote&gt;“These discrepancies suggest that OGM may function as a vulnerability factor only under specific conditions (e.g., clinical populations, high-risk individuals).”&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''3. Strengthen your theoretical argument'''

This paper supports:

* '''CaR-FA-X conditional vulnerability'''
* '''Diathesis-stress framing'''

=== Hallford et. al (2022) ===

* Year: '''2022 → recent'''
* Type: '''Systematic review + meta-analysis'''
* Focus: OGM in '''remitted depression'''

* Sample: '''17 studies'''

'''Conclusion'''

* People with '''remitted depression''':
** Recall '''fewer specific memories''' (g ≈ -0.31)
** Recall '''more overgeneral/categoric memories''' (g ≈ +0.25)

👉 These are '''small–moderate effects''', but consistent.
----&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM '''persists even after depression is gone'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;This is HUGE.
----&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM may be a '''trait-like cognitive vulnerability''', not just a symptom&lt;/blockquote&gt;The paper explicitly frames it as:

* A '''risk factor for future depressive episodes'''

'''Insights'''

'''🔗 The missing link:'''

* OGM persists '''after depression'''
* OGM predicts '''future depressive symptoms'''

'''👉 So logically:'''

* OGM is not just a byproduct
* It’s a '''stable vulnerability mechanism'''

We can argue: OGM = vulnerability → (depression) → suicidal ideation.

=== Watkins et. al (2020) ===

* Year: '''2000 (older, but foundational)'''
* Type: '''Experimental study'''

* Focus: Can OGM be '''changed/manipulated in real time?'''

'''Conclusions'''

'''1. Distraction ↓ OGM'''

* Less overgeneral memory when people stop ruminating

----'''2. Decentring ↓ OGM'''

* Thinking more flexibly → more '''specific memories'''

----'''3. Rumination ↑/maintains OGM'''

* Overthinking keeps memory vague

----'''🧠 Big takeaway:'''&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM is '''not fixed''' — it depends on your '''current cognitive state'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;...could we argue:

* '''Rumination → OGM'''
* '''OGM → poor problem solving / hopelessness'''

* '''→ Suicidal ideation'''

'''Limitations'''

* ❌ Small sample (N=48)
* ❌ Experimental / lab setting
* ❌ Not about suicidal ideation directly

* ❌ Older study

=== Young et. al (2013) – OGM in MDD &amp; high-risk individuals (fMRI study) ===

* Sample:
** MDD patients
** High-risk individuals (family history)
** Healthy controls

* Used '''autobiographical memory task + fMRI'''

'''Behavioral findings'''

* Both '''MDD and high-risk groups''':
** '''Fewer specific memories'''
** '''More overgeneral (categorical) memories'''
* High-risk group ≈ MDD group (no major difference)

👉 Huge point:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM exists '''before depression fully develops'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Insights'''

* Differences in:
** '''medial prefrontal cortex'''
** '''anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)'''
** '''occipital regions'''

👉 These areas are tied to:

* self-referential thinking
* emotion processing
* rumination (&quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3794427/#S3 there nonetheless seems to be a general convergence on the anterior cortical midline structures as playing an important role in maladaptive rumination in major depression]&quot;)

* '''OGM''' appears to exist in people that don't have depression, so OGM is a risk factor.
* Observes people who ''become'' depressed, not just depressed people.
* OGM is linked to brain systems involved in self-focus and rumination. That connects directly to:
** CaR-FA-X
** hopelessness
** suicidal ideation pathways

'''Limitations'''

* Super small sample (n=16)
* Neuroimaging, not suicide-oriented. 

== Narratives? ==

== See also ==

* [[w:Overgeneral_autobiographical_memory|Overgeneral autobiographical memory (WP link)]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>tdte6fas8e8y9bor6sgcdfy4bxuejyv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806792</id>
      <parentid>2806791</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T14:15:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>276019</id>
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      <origin>2806792</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20836" sha1="r90zs659jdrm568wn0zegw5xsq6tx6q" xml:space="preserve">''Paper count:'' 14 (4/27/2026)

== Research ==

=== [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-020-02877-6 Jiang, W., Hu, G., Zhang, J. ''et al.'' Distinct effects of over-general autobiographical memory on suicidal ideation among depressed and healthy people. ''BMC Psychiatry'' '''20''', 501 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02877-6] ===
'''Background'''

* Mentions [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6053985/ the integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour] by O'Conner&lt;ref&gt;The '''integrated motivational-volitional (IMV) model of suicidal behavior''', dividing it into three phases: pre-motivational, motivational, and volitional. Firstly, the pre-motivational phase is composed of diathesis, environment, and life events, describing the background factors and triggering events. Secondly, the motivational phase focuses on the psychological processes of suicidal ideation and intent. Finally, the volitional phase governs the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Mentions number of studies associating OGM with suicide: &quot;''...it could be inferred that OGM mediates the suicidal process by preventing the individuals from solving problems and envisioning the future by searching in the past experience, thereby creating a feeling of hopelessness and helplessness.''&quot;
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352250X21000129 MeST] ↑ generalization of autobiographical memory ↓
* '''Research question(s)?''' No clear evidence to show how childhood trauma &amp; OGM interact in the suicidal process and whether depression is a ''moderating'' effect. 
* '''Hypothesis?''' OGM has different effects on the suicide process in depression patients and healthy individuals.
* '''Purpose of study?''' Aimed to compare childhood trauma, OGM, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior between depression patients and healthy individuals, and explore the differences caused by depression in suicidal pathways.

'''Method'''

* '''356 Chinese participants'''.
** '''180 depressed participants''': (''n'' = 121) 67.2% of the depressed patients were depressed for more than a year. 
** '''176 healthy individuals'''
'''Measures'''

* '''Depressive symptoms''': BDI-II [Beck Depression Inventory-II]; 21-item self-report survey that asses depression severity symptoms for past 2 weeks, using a four point Likert scale of 0-3. 
* '''OGM''': OGMQ; 19-item self-report tool that assesses the specificity of autobiographical memory using a four-point Likert scale (1 = perfect math; 4 = not a match). Total scores range from 19-76, with higher the score, the more frequent general, non-specific memories come into play. 
* '''Childhood trauma''': [CTQ-SF]; 28-item self-report survey measuring maltreatment and trauma experience before age 16 using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never; 5 = always). The five subscales include sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. 
* '''Suicidal ideation''': [BSI-CV]; 19-item self-report questionnaire that evaluates the thoughts about life and death and the severity of SI, using a three-point scale of 0-2. Range: 0-38.  
** If the score of item 4 or 5 is NOT 0, it indicates suicidal ideation. 
** ↑ BSI-CV score ↑ SI
* '''PSB:''' ...or previous suicidal behavior; 4-point scale was used (0 = never, 1 = once; 2 = twice; 3 = more than twice). Question asked was: &quot;how many times did you induce self-injury or suicidal behaviors, such as taking medicine or cutting your wrists in the past?&quot;.
'''Results'''

* Trauma → OGM, WSI, CSI
* OGM → WSI + CSI
* WSI → CSI
* WSI → PSB

* PSB → CSI (reverse influence) [suggests '''impulsive attempts ≠ ideation pathway]'''

WSI is strongly predictive of:

* PSB
* future SI intensity 

'''Discussion'''

# '''OGM''' = overgeneralized autobiographical memory, remembering things vaguley and not specifically.
# '''WSI''' = worst suicidal thoughts one has ever had [at a certain point].
# '''CSI''' = current point of suicidal ideation
* [according to the author] appears to be the first study that connects CSI and WSI of depressed and healthy control groups with suicidal behavior, childhood trauma, and autobiographical memory together.
* '''Results?''' Suggests that SI and behavior od epression patients are significantly HIGHER than of healthy individuals. Background factors, such as childhood trauma, and the moderator of suicide, such as OGM, are more severe in depression patients. 
** ONLY in depression patients, OGM significantly affects the CSI and acts an intermediary between childhood trauma and CSI.
** ...but NO significant effect of OGM on CSI in healthy individuals, ''indicating that OGM plays different roles in the emergence of suicidal ideation in different populations''. &lt;-- appears to be relevant only with other paired vulnerabilities (ex, trauma).
** OGM as a stable trait of depression was more severe in the depression group vs. healthy control.
** Childhood trauma &amp; OGM were correlated with WSI, indicating that they are critical factors of SI in accordance with the IMV model.
** PSB was strongly correlated to WSI. WSI might be an independent predictor of follow-up suicidal ideation intensity.
** Another finding was that PSB was negatively correlated with CSI and less affected by WSI in the healthy group. One reason might be that most proportion of suicides in healthy people are impulsive attempts, which do not follow the depression-hopelessness path to suicidal behavior, with lower expectations of death and suicidal ideation.
** OGM + WSI mediated '''70.28% of the total effect''' between trauma and CSI [impact of trauma on CSI does not happen ''directly'', but through OGM (messes up memory style) &amp; WSI (makes past suicidal thoughts worse)], while 30% of it is direct between trauma and current suicidal ideation.
* Improving the specificity of autobiographical memory may be an effective way to prevent suicidal ideation for depression. These could be achieved through life-review therapy &amp; MeST, both geared towards recalling memories in detail.
* '''Limitations?''' Low sample size, cross-sectional study, suicide's complex nature makes it difficult to account for all possible biological and psychological factors.
* '''Conclusion?''' This study identified the different roles of OGM in the suicidal ideation of depressed and healthy people. In depression patients, it affects the CSI and WSI and mediates the CSI due to the effect of childhood trauma. In healthy people, it can only affect the WSI. As an adjustable risk factor, the autobiographical memory might be a target of intervention for suicidal ideation in depression patients. Since training in specific memory retrieval has been proven to be effective in depression, future studies should consider whether it can reduce the emergence of suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior.

=== [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4743605/pdf/pmem-24-348.pdf Adolescent over-general memory, life events and mental health outcomes: Findings from a UK cohort] ===
Crane et al. (2016) – Community adolescent cohort

* Large UK longitudinal study (n≈5800 adolescents; ages 13 → 16)
* Tested whether OGM predicts depression/suicidality and moderates life stress
* '''Findings:'''
** OGM did not predict depression, suicidal ideation, or self-harm
** OGM did not moderate the effect of life events
** Life events strongly predicted all outcomes
* '''Interpretation:'''
** OGM may not function as a general vulnerability factor in community samples
** Likely only relevant in high-risk or depressed populations

=== Sumner et al. (2010) – Meta-analysis (OGM &amp; depression) ===

* Meta-analysis of '''15 studies''' examining whether OGM predicts the course of depression
* '''Findings:'''
** Higher OGM (fewer specific memories) → higher depressive symptoms at follow-up
** Effect remains '''even after controlling for baseline depression'''
** Overall effect size is '''small but significant (~1–2% variance explained)'''
* '''Moderators:'''
** Stronger effect in '''clinically depressed samples vs nonclinical'''
** Stronger with '''shorter follow-up periods'''

* '''Interpretation:'''
** OGM is a '''predictor of depression maintenance''', not just a correlate
** Likely acts as a '''vulnerability factor''', especially in high-risk groups
{{Notice|OGM works under certain conditions (clinical / high-risk), not universally}}

=== Moore &amp; Zoellner (2007) – Evaluative Review (OGM &amp; trauma) ===

* Evaluative review of '''24 studies''' examining trauma exposure and OGM
* '''Core question:''' Does trauma cause overgeneral memory?
'''Findings'''
* ❌ '''No consistent link''' between trauma exposure and OGM
* ✅ OGM is more consistently linked to:
** '''Depression'''
** '''PTSD symptoms (intrusions, avoidance)'''
* Trauma exposure alone is '''not sufficient''' to produce OGM
* OGM appears more tied to '''psychopathology''', not the event itself
'''Key nuance'''
* Post-trauma '''symptoms''' (not the trauma itself) are what matter
* Evidence across studies is '''mixed and methodologically inconsistent'''
'''Interpretation'''
* Challenges the classic “trauma → OGM” theory
* Supports alternative view:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM = cognitive feature of clinical disorders (e.g., MDD, PTSD)&lt;/blockquote&gt;
*Trauma alone isn’t enough — psychological response matters

=== Crane &amp; Duggan (2009) – CSA onset &amp; OGM in suicidal patients ===

* Clinical sample of '''49 patients with recurrent suicidal behavior'''
* Examined whether '''age of onset of childhood sexual abuse (CSA)''' relates to OGM

'''Findings'''

* Earlier CSA onset → '''greater OGM''' (fewer specific, more categorical memories)
* Effect remained after controlling for:
** depression
** verbal fluency
* Presence vs absence of CSA '''did NOT differ in OGM'''
** (because sample already highly clinical)

'''Interpretation'''

* Not trauma itself → but '''timing of trauma (early development)''' matters
* Supports idea that OGM develops when:
** memory systems are still forming
** avoidance becomes a learned coping style 

'''Insights'''

# Analysis of OGM in a suicidal population.
# Moore &amp; Zoellner had trauma alone ≠ OGM, while Crane &amp; Duggan added some trauma characteristics from early developmental trauma. 
# ''To take note'': Earlier trauma is associated with greater OGM '''within high-risk groups.''' 

=== Champagne et al. (2016) – OGM in adolescent MDD ===

* Clinical adolescent sample (ages 11–18; current MDD, remitted MDD, never depressed)
* Tested whether OGM is '''state (only during depression)''' or '''trait (persists after)'''

'''Findings:'''

* Adolescents with '''current AND remitted MDD''' showed more OGM than controls
* No significant difference between current vs remitted groups
* OGM present for both '''positive and negative cues'''

'''Interpretation:'''

* OGM is likely a '''trait-like vulnerability''', not just a temporary symptom
* May contribute to '''risk of recurrence''' in depression

'''1. Trait vs state question (very important)'''

This paper directly answers:&lt;blockquote&gt;Is OGM just a symptom or a vulnerability?&lt;/blockquote&gt;👉 Answer: '''likely vulnerability'''

That’s big for your argument.
----'''2. Adolescent + clinical sample'''

* Not just adults
* Not just community

👉 Stronger relevance than many papers
----'''3. Fits your mechanism pathway'''

Supports:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM persists → increases long-term risk → can feed into suicidal ideation&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Limitations'''

* Small sample (n=65 total)
* Cross-sectional → can’t prove causality

* Can’t tell if OGM came '''before''' depression or is a “scar”

=== Arie et al. (2008) – OGM, problem solving &amp; suicidal behavior ===

* Clinical adolescent inpatient sample (suicidal vs nonsuicidal vs healthy controls)
* Tested Williams’ model linking OGM, problem solving, and suicide

'''Findings:'''

* Suicidal adolescents showed:
** '''More OGM (less specific memory)'''
** '''Worse interpersonal problem-solving ability'''
** '''Higher hopelessness'''
* OGM significantly correlated with:
** poorer problem solving
** higher hopelessness
** greater suicidal behavior
* Negative childhood life events also linked to OGM and suicide

'''Interpretation:'''

* Supports pathway:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM → poor problem solving → hopelessness → suicidal behavior&lt;/blockquote&gt;
* OGM may limit access to specific past experiences needed to solve problems effectively

'''Insights'''

* Study on population actually attempting suicide.
* Points out a clear pathway
* Suicidal group had lowest memory specificity, worst problem-solving abilities, and highest hopelessness

'''Limitations''' 

* n=75, small sample
* cross sectional, so causality can not be pinpointed
* inpatient sample, so cannot be generalizable

=== Kaviani et al. (2011) – OGM, problem solving &amp; suicidal ideation ===

* Clinical sample: depressed patients '''with vs without suicidal ideation'''
* Tested links between OGM, problem solving, depression, and hopelessness

'''Findings:'''

* Suicidal ideation group:
** '''Less specific autobiographical memories (more OGM)'''
** '''More hopelessness'''
** '''Less effective problem-solving strategies'''
* OGM associated with:
** poorer problem solving
** greater hopelessness
* Evidence for a “cycle”:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM → poor problem solving → hopelessness → suicidal ideation&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Interpretation:'''

* OGM may contribute to suicidal ideation by '''impairing cognitive functioning''', especially problem solving
* Supports a '''cognitive pathway to suicide risk'''

'''Insights'''

* Studies suicidal ideation directly.
* Mechanism displayed: OGM --&gt; problem solving --&gt; hopelessness --&gt; suicidal ideation
* Within-depression comparison

'''Limitations'''

* n=40
* Cross-sectional, lacks causality
* Specific country (Iran)

=== Zhu et al. (2025) – OGM &amp; suicidal ideation (ML study) ===

* Clinical sample (n=88 depressed patients; with vs without suicidal ideation across severity levels)
* Used '''AMT + machine learning + vocal features''' to distinguish suicidal ideation

'''Findings:'''

* Patients with suicidal ideation:
** '''More OGM (fewer specific memories)'''
** Especially impaired recall of '''positive memories'''
* OGM strongly associated with '''severity of suicidal ideation'''
* Crucially:
** '''OGM predicts suicidal ideation independently of depression severity'''
* ML model showed:
** OGM features were key for identifying '''presence of suicidal ideation'''
** Depression severity features ≠ sufficient to predict SI

'''Interpretation:'''

* OGM is a '''specific cognitive marker of suicidal ideation''', not just a byproduct of depression
* Supports:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM contributes uniquely to suicidal ideation beyond general depression&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Insights'''

* OGM is unique in contribution/specifically tied to SI.
* Separated depression anxiety and suicidal ideation.

OGM is not merely a correlate of depression, but a distinct cognitive vulnerability that contributes specifically to suicidal ideation.

=== Weiss-Cowie et al. (2023) — Meta-analysis on OGM &amp; depression ===
'''🔑 Core findings (clean summary)'''

* Massive meta-analysis ('''67 studies''')
* Depressed individuals show:
** '''Less specific memories''' → ''(g = −0.73)''
** '''More overgeneral memories''' → ''(g = 0.77)''

👉 That’s '''medium–large effect sizes''' → very strong evidence
----'''🧠 Important conceptual findings'''

'''1. OGM exists across:'''

* Current depression
* Subthreshold depression
* Remitted depression

👉 Translation:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM is not just a “currently depressed” phenomenon&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''2. Trait vs state (VERY important for your work)'''

* OGM persists even after remission
* But is '''stronger during active depression'''

👉 This supports:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM = '''trait vulnerability that gets amplified during depression'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''3. Supports CaR-FA-X model'''

* Capture &amp; rumination
* Functional avoidance
* Executive dysfunction

👉 This is your '''mechanism backbone paper'''

=== Crane et. al (2016) ===

* Year: '''2016''' (so not “new,” but still solid)
* Design: '''Large longitudinal cohort (ALSPAC)'''
* Sample: ~5,700 adolescents

* Timeline:
** OGM at age 13
** Outcomes at age 16

'''Conclusions'''&lt;blockquote&gt;'''No meaningful relationship between OGM and later:'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* Depression
* Suicidal ideation
* Self-harm

After controlling for confounds.
This paper is basically saying:&lt;blockquote&gt;“OGM is NOT a general population risk factor for later psychopathology.”&lt;/blockquote&gt;More precisely:

* Works in:
** Clinical samples
** High-risk groups
* '''Does NOT generalize to community samples'''

'''Insights'''

* high-quality longitudinal data

'''1. Show inconsistency'''&lt;blockquote&gt;“While some studies show associations between OGM and suicidality, large community-based longitudinal evidence suggests no such relationship.”&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''2. Introduce moderation / context argument'''&lt;blockquote&gt;“These discrepancies suggest that OGM may function as a vulnerability factor only under specific conditions (e.g., clinical populations, high-risk individuals).”&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''3. Strengthen your theoretical argument'''

This paper supports:

* '''CaR-FA-X conditional vulnerability'''
* '''Diathesis-stress framing'''

=== Hallford et. al (2022) ===

* Year: '''2022 → recent'''
* Type: '''Systematic review + meta-analysis'''
* Focus: OGM in '''remitted depression'''

* Sample: '''17 studies'''

'''Conclusion'''

* People with '''remitted depression''':
** Recall '''fewer specific memories''' (g ≈ -0.31)
** Recall '''more overgeneral/categoric memories''' (g ≈ +0.25)

👉 These are '''small–moderate effects''', but consistent.
----&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM '''persists even after depression is gone'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;This is HUGE.
----&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM may be a '''trait-like cognitive vulnerability''', not just a symptom&lt;/blockquote&gt;The paper explicitly frames it as:

* A '''risk factor for future depressive episodes'''

'''Insights'''

'''🔗 The missing link:'''

* OGM persists '''after depression'''
* OGM predicts '''future depressive symptoms'''

'''👉 So logically:'''

* OGM is not just a byproduct
* It’s a '''stable vulnerability mechanism'''

We can argue: OGM = vulnerability → (depression) → suicidal ideation.

=== Watkins et. al (2020) ===

* Year: '''2000 (older, but foundational)'''
* Type: '''Experimental study'''

* Focus: Can OGM be '''changed/manipulated in real time?'''

'''Conclusions'''

'''1. Distraction ↓ OGM'''

* Less overgeneral memory when people stop ruminating

----'''2. Decentring ↓ OGM'''

* Thinking more flexibly → more '''specific memories'''

----'''3. Rumination ↑/maintains OGM'''

* Overthinking keeps memory vague

----'''🧠 Big takeaway:'''&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM is '''not fixed''' — it depends on your '''current cognitive state'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;...could we argue:

* '''Rumination → OGM'''
* '''OGM → poor problem solving / hopelessness'''

* '''→ Suicidal ideation'''

'''Limitations'''

* ❌ Small sample (N=48)
* ❌ Experimental / lab setting
* ❌ Not about suicidal ideation directly

* ❌ Older study

=== Young et. al (2013) – OGM in MDD &amp; high-risk individuals (fMRI study) ===

* Sample:
** MDD patients
** High-risk individuals (family history)
** Healthy controls

* Used '''autobiographical memory task + fMRI'''

'''Behavioral findings'''

* Both '''MDD and high-risk groups''':
** '''Fewer specific memories'''
** '''More overgeneral (categorical) memories'''
* High-risk group ≈ MDD group (no major difference)

👉 Huge point:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM exists '''before depression fully develops'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Insights'''

* Differences in:
** '''medial prefrontal cortex'''
** '''anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)'''
** '''occipital regions'''

👉 These areas are tied to:

* self-referential thinking
* emotion processing
* rumination (&quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3794427/#S3 there nonetheless seems to be a general convergence on the anterior cortical midline structures as playing an important role in maladaptive rumination in major depression]&quot;)

* '''OGM''' appears to exist in people that don't have depression, so OGM is a risk factor.
* Observes people who ''become'' depressed, not just depressed people.
* OGM is linked to brain systems involved in self-focus and rumination. That connects directly to:
** CaR-FA-X
** hopelessness
** suicidal ideation pathways

'''Limitations'''

* Super small sample (n=16)
* Neuroimaging, not suicide-oriented. 

== Narratives? ==

== See also ==

* [[w:Overgeneral_autobiographical_memory|Overgeneral autobiographical memory (WP link)]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>r90zs659jdrm568wn0zegw5xsq6tx6q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806797</id>
      <parentid>2806792</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T14:32:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>276019</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Research */ made it to 15</comment>
      <origin>2806797</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22292" sha1="l1m9xrg1efw4wq8jkcq8dost7pnoibm" xml:space="preserve">''Paper count:'' 14 (4/27/2026)

== Research ==

=== [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-020-02877-6 Jiang, W., Hu, G., Zhang, J. ''et al.'' Distinct effects of over-general autobiographical memory on suicidal ideation among depressed and healthy people. ''BMC Psychiatry'' '''20''', 501 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02877-6] ===
'''Background'''

* Mentions [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6053985/ the integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour] by O'Conner&lt;ref&gt;The '''integrated motivational-volitional (IMV) model of suicidal behavior''', dividing it into three phases: pre-motivational, motivational, and volitional. Firstly, the pre-motivational phase is composed of diathesis, environment, and life events, describing the background factors and triggering events. Secondly, the motivational phase focuses on the psychological processes of suicidal ideation and intent. Finally, the volitional phase governs the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Mentions number of studies associating OGM with suicide: &quot;''...it could be inferred that OGM mediates the suicidal process by preventing the individuals from solving problems and envisioning the future by searching in the past experience, thereby creating a feeling of hopelessness and helplessness.''&quot;
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352250X21000129 MeST] ↑ generalization of autobiographical memory ↓
* '''Research question(s)?''' No clear evidence to show how childhood trauma &amp; OGM interact in the suicidal process and whether depression is a ''moderating'' effect. 
* '''Hypothesis?''' OGM has different effects on the suicide process in depression patients and healthy individuals.
* '''Purpose of study?''' Aimed to compare childhood trauma, OGM, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior between depression patients and healthy individuals, and explore the differences caused by depression in suicidal pathways.

'''Method'''

* '''356 Chinese participants'''.
** '''180 depressed participants''': (''n'' = 121) 67.2% of the depressed patients were depressed for more than a year. 
** '''176 healthy individuals'''
'''Measures'''

* '''Depressive symptoms''': BDI-II [Beck Depression Inventory-II]; 21-item self-report survey that asses depression severity symptoms for past 2 weeks, using a four point Likert scale of 0-3. 
* '''OGM''': OGMQ; 19-item self-report tool that assesses the specificity of autobiographical memory using a four-point Likert scale (1 = perfect math; 4 = not a match). Total scores range from 19-76, with higher the score, the more frequent general, non-specific memories come into play. 
* '''Childhood trauma''': [CTQ-SF]; 28-item self-report survey measuring maltreatment and trauma experience before age 16 using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never; 5 = always). The five subscales include sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. 
* '''Suicidal ideation''': [BSI-CV]; 19-item self-report questionnaire that evaluates the thoughts about life and death and the severity of SI, using a three-point scale of 0-2. Range: 0-38.  
** If the score of item 4 or 5 is NOT 0, it indicates suicidal ideation. 
** ↑ BSI-CV score ↑ SI
* '''PSB:''' ...or previous suicidal behavior; 4-point scale was used (0 = never, 1 = once; 2 = twice; 3 = more than twice). Question asked was: &quot;how many times did you induce self-injury or suicidal behaviors, such as taking medicine or cutting your wrists in the past?&quot;.
'''Results'''

* Trauma → OGM, WSI, CSI
* OGM → WSI + CSI
* WSI → CSI
* WSI → PSB

* PSB → CSI (reverse influence) [suggests '''impulsive attempts ≠ ideation pathway]'''

WSI is strongly predictive of:

* PSB
* future SI intensity 

'''Discussion'''

# '''OGM''' = overgeneralized autobiographical memory, remembering things vaguley and not specifically.
# '''WSI''' = worst suicidal thoughts one has ever had [at a certain point].
# '''CSI''' = current point of suicidal ideation
* [according to the author] appears to be the first study that connects CSI and WSI of depressed and healthy control groups with suicidal behavior, childhood trauma, and autobiographical memory together.
* '''Results?''' Suggests that SI and behavior od epression patients are significantly HIGHER than of healthy individuals. Background factors, such as childhood trauma, and the moderator of suicide, such as OGM, are more severe in depression patients. 
** ONLY in depression patients, OGM significantly affects the CSI and acts an intermediary between childhood trauma and CSI.
** ...but NO significant effect of OGM on CSI in healthy individuals, ''indicating that OGM plays different roles in the emergence of suicidal ideation in different populations''. &lt;-- appears to be relevant only with other paired vulnerabilities (ex, trauma).
** OGM as a stable trait of depression was more severe in the depression group vs. healthy control.
** Childhood trauma &amp; OGM were correlated with WSI, indicating that they are critical factors of SI in accordance with the IMV model.
** PSB was strongly correlated to WSI. WSI might be an independent predictor of follow-up suicidal ideation intensity.
** Another finding was that PSB was negatively correlated with CSI and less affected by WSI in the healthy group. One reason might be that most proportion of suicides in healthy people are impulsive attempts, which do not follow the depression-hopelessness path to suicidal behavior, with lower expectations of death and suicidal ideation.
** OGM + WSI mediated '''70.28% of the total effect''' between trauma and CSI [impact of trauma on CSI does not happen ''directly'', but through OGM (messes up memory style) &amp; WSI (makes past suicidal thoughts worse)], while 30% of it is direct between trauma and current suicidal ideation.
* Improving the specificity of autobiographical memory may be an effective way to prevent suicidal ideation for depression. These could be achieved through life-review therapy &amp; MeST, both geared towards recalling memories in detail.
* '''Limitations?''' Low sample size, cross-sectional study, suicide's complex nature makes it difficult to account for all possible biological and psychological factors.
* '''Conclusion?''' This study identified the different roles of OGM in the suicidal ideation of depressed and healthy people. In depression patients, it affects the CSI and WSI and mediates the CSI due to the effect of childhood trauma. In healthy people, it can only affect the WSI. As an adjustable risk factor, the autobiographical memory might be a target of intervention for suicidal ideation in depression patients. Since training in specific memory retrieval has been proven to be effective in depression, future studies should consider whether it can reduce the emergence of suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior.

=== [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4743605/pdf/pmem-24-348.pdf Adolescent over-general memory, life events and mental health outcomes: Findings from a UK cohort] ===
Crane et al. (2016) – Community adolescent cohort

* Large UK longitudinal study (n≈5800 adolescents; ages 13 → 16)
* Tested whether OGM predicts depression/suicidality and moderates life stress
* '''Findings:'''
** OGM did not predict depression, suicidal ideation, or self-harm
** OGM did not moderate the effect of life events
** Life events strongly predicted all outcomes
* '''Interpretation:'''
** OGM may not function as a general vulnerability factor in community samples
** Likely only relevant in high-risk or depressed populations

=== Sumner et al. (2010) – Meta-analysis (OGM &amp; depression) ===

* Meta-analysis of '''15 studies''' examining whether OGM predicts the course of depression
* '''Findings:'''
** Higher OGM (fewer specific memories) → higher depressive symptoms at follow-up
** Effect remains '''even after controlling for baseline depression'''
** Overall effect size is '''small but significant (~1–2% variance explained)'''
* '''Moderators:'''
** Stronger effect in '''clinically depressed samples vs nonclinical'''
** Stronger with '''shorter follow-up periods'''

* '''Interpretation:'''
** OGM is a '''predictor of depression maintenance''', not just a correlate
** Likely acts as a '''vulnerability factor''', especially in high-risk groups
{{Notice|OGM works under certain conditions (clinical / high-risk), not universally}}

=== Moore &amp; Zoellner (2007) – Evaluative Review (OGM &amp; trauma) ===

* Evaluative review of '''24 studies''' examining trauma exposure and OGM
* '''Core question:''' Does trauma cause overgeneral memory?
'''Findings'''
* ❌ '''No consistent link''' between trauma exposure and OGM
* ✅ OGM is more consistently linked to:
** '''Depression'''
** '''PTSD symptoms (intrusions, avoidance)'''
* Trauma exposure alone is '''not sufficient''' to produce OGM
* OGM appears more tied to '''psychopathology''', not the event itself
'''Key nuance'''
* Post-trauma '''symptoms''' (not the trauma itself) are what matter
* Evidence across studies is '''mixed and methodologically inconsistent'''
'''Interpretation'''
* Challenges the classic “trauma → OGM” theory
* Supports alternative view:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM = cognitive feature of clinical disorders (e.g., MDD, PTSD)&lt;/blockquote&gt;
*Trauma alone isn’t enough — psychological response matters

=== Crane &amp; Duggan (2009) – CSA onset &amp; OGM in suicidal patients ===

* Clinical sample of '''49 patients with recurrent suicidal behavior'''
* Examined whether '''age of onset of childhood sexual abuse (CSA)''' relates to OGM

'''Findings'''

* Earlier CSA onset → '''greater OGM''' (fewer specific, more categorical memories)
* Effect remained after controlling for:
** depression
** verbal fluency
* Presence vs absence of CSA '''did NOT differ in OGM'''
** (because sample already highly clinical)

'''Interpretation'''

* Not trauma itself → but '''timing of trauma (early development)''' matters
* Supports idea that OGM develops when:
** memory systems are still forming
** avoidance becomes a learned coping style 

'''Insights'''

# Analysis of OGM in a suicidal population.
# Moore &amp; Zoellner had trauma alone ≠ OGM, while Crane &amp; Duggan added some trauma characteristics from early developmental trauma. 
# ''To take note'': Earlier trauma is associated with greater OGM '''within high-risk groups.''' 

=== Champagne et al. (2016) – OGM in adolescent MDD ===

* Clinical adolescent sample (ages 11–18; current MDD, remitted MDD, never depressed)
* Tested whether OGM is '''state (only during depression)''' or '''trait (persists after)'''

'''Findings:'''

* Adolescents with '''current AND remitted MDD''' showed more OGM than controls
* No significant difference between current vs remitted groups
* OGM present for both '''positive and negative cues'''

'''Interpretation:'''

* OGM is likely a '''trait-like vulnerability''', not just a temporary symptom
* May contribute to '''risk of recurrence''' in depression

'''1. Trait vs state question (very important)'''

This paper directly answers:&lt;blockquote&gt;Is OGM just a symptom or a vulnerability?&lt;/blockquote&gt;👉 Answer: '''likely vulnerability'''

That’s big for your argument.
----'''2. Adolescent + clinical sample'''

* Not just adults
* Not just community

👉 Stronger relevance than many papers
----'''3. Fits your mechanism pathway'''

Supports:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM persists → increases long-term risk → can feed into suicidal ideation&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Limitations'''

* Small sample (n=65 total)
* Cross-sectional → can’t prove causality

* Can’t tell if OGM came '''before''' depression or is a “scar”

=== Arie et al. (2008) – OGM, problem solving &amp; suicidal behavior ===

* Clinical adolescent inpatient sample (suicidal vs nonsuicidal vs healthy controls)
* Tested Williams’ model linking OGM, problem solving, and suicide

'''Findings:'''

* Suicidal adolescents showed:
** '''More OGM (less specific memory)'''
** '''Worse interpersonal problem-solving ability'''
** '''Higher hopelessness'''
* OGM significantly correlated with:
** poorer problem solving
** higher hopelessness
** greater suicidal behavior
* Negative childhood life events also linked to OGM and suicide

'''Interpretation:'''

* Supports pathway:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM → poor problem solving → hopelessness → suicidal behavior&lt;/blockquote&gt;
* OGM may limit access to specific past experiences needed to solve problems effectively

'''Insights'''

* Study on population actually attempting suicide.
* Points out a clear pathway
* Suicidal group had lowest memory specificity, worst problem-solving abilities, and highest hopelessness

'''Limitations''' 

* n=75, small sample
* cross sectional, so causality can not be pinpointed
* inpatient sample, so cannot be generalizable

=== Kaviani et al. (2011) – OGM, problem solving &amp; suicidal ideation ===

* Clinical sample: depressed patients '''with vs without suicidal ideation'''
* Tested links between OGM, problem solving, depression, and hopelessness

'''Findings:'''

* Suicidal ideation group:
** '''Less specific autobiographical memories (more OGM)'''
** '''More hopelessness'''
** '''Less effective problem-solving strategies'''
* OGM associated with:
** poorer problem solving
** greater hopelessness
* Evidence for a “cycle”:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM → poor problem solving → hopelessness → suicidal ideation&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Interpretation:'''

* OGM may contribute to suicidal ideation by '''impairing cognitive functioning''', especially problem solving
* Supports a '''cognitive pathway to suicide risk'''

'''Insights'''

* Studies suicidal ideation directly.
* Mechanism displayed: OGM --&gt; problem solving --&gt; hopelessness --&gt; suicidal ideation
* Within-depression comparison

'''Limitations'''

* n=40
* Cross-sectional, lacks causality
* Specific country (Iran)

=== Zhu et al. (2025) – OGM &amp; suicidal ideation (ML study) ===

* Clinical sample (n=88 depressed patients; with vs without suicidal ideation across severity levels)
* Used '''AMT + machine learning + vocal features''' to distinguish suicidal ideation

'''Findings:'''

* Patients with suicidal ideation:
** '''More OGM (fewer specific memories)'''
** Especially impaired recall of '''positive memories'''
* OGM strongly associated with '''severity of suicidal ideation'''
* Crucially:
** '''OGM predicts suicidal ideation independently of depression severity'''
* ML model showed:
** OGM features were key for identifying '''presence of suicidal ideation'''
** Depression severity features ≠ sufficient to predict SI

'''Interpretation:'''

* OGM is a '''specific cognitive marker of suicidal ideation''', not just a byproduct of depression
* Supports:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM contributes uniquely to suicidal ideation beyond general depression&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Insights'''

* OGM is unique in contribution/specifically tied to SI.
* Separated depression anxiety and suicidal ideation.

OGM is not merely a correlate of depression, but a distinct cognitive vulnerability that contributes specifically to suicidal ideation.

=== Weiss-Cowie et al. (2023) — Meta-analysis on OGM &amp; depression ===
'''🔑 Core findings (clean summary)'''

* Massive meta-analysis ('''67 studies''')
* Depressed individuals show:
** '''Less specific memories''' → ''(g = −0.73)''
** '''More overgeneral memories''' → ''(g = 0.77)''

👉 That’s '''medium–large effect sizes''' → very strong evidence
----'''🧠 Important conceptual findings'''

'''1. OGM exists across:'''

* Current depression
* Subthreshold depression
* Remitted depression

👉 Translation:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM is not just a “currently depressed” phenomenon&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''2. Trait vs state (VERY important for your work)'''

* OGM persists even after remission
* But is '''stronger during active depression'''

👉 This supports:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM = '''trait vulnerability that gets amplified during depression'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''3. Supports CaR-FA-X model'''

* Capture &amp; rumination
* Functional avoidance
* Executive dysfunction

👉 This is your '''mechanism backbone paper'''

=== Crane et. al (2016) ===

* Year: '''2016''' (so not “new,” but still solid)
* Design: '''Large longitudinal cohort (ALSPAC)'''
* Sample: ~5,700 adolescents

* Timeline:
** OGM at age 13
** Outcomes at age 16

'''Conclusions'''&lt;blockquote&gt;'''No meaningful relationship between OGM and later:'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* Depression
* Suicidal ideation
* Self-harm

After controlling for confounds.
This paper is basically saying:&lt;blockquote&gt;“OGM is NOT a general population risk factor for later psychopathology.”&lt;/blockquote&gt;More precisely:

* Works in:
** Clinical samples
** High-risk groups
* '''Does NOT generalize to community samples'''

'''Insights'''

* high-quality longitudinal data

'''1. Show inconsistency'''&lt;blockquote&gt;“While some studies show associations between OGM and suicidality, large community-based longitudinal evidence suggests no such relationship.”&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''2. Introduce moderation / context argument'''&lt;blockquote&gt;“These discrepancies suggest that OGM may function as a vulnerability factor only under specific conditions (e.g., clinical populations, high-risk individuals).”&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''3. Strengthen your theoretical argument'''

This paper supports:

* '''CaR-FA-X conditional vulnerability'''
* '''Diathesis-stress framing'''

=== Hallford et. al (2022) ===

* Year: '''2022 → recent'''
* Type: '''Systematic review + meta-analysis'''
* Focus: OGM in '''remitted depression'''

* Sample: '''17 studies'''

'''Conclusion'''

* People with '''remitted depression''':
** Recall '''fewer specific memories''' (g ≈ -0.31)
** Recall '''more overgeneral/categoric memories''' (g ≈ +0.25)

👉 These are '''small–moderate effects''', but consistent.
----&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM '''persists even after depression is gone'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;This is HUGE.
----&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM may be a '''trait-like cognitive vulnerability''', not just a symptom&lt;/blockquote&gt;The paper explicitly frames it as:

* A '''risk factor for future depressive episodes'''

'''Insights'''

'''🔗 The missing link:'''

* OGM persists '''after depression'''
* OGM predicts '''future depressive symptoms'''

'''👉 So logically:'''

* OGM is not just a byproduct
* It’s a '''stable vulnerability mechanism'''

We can argue: OGM = vulnerability → (depression) → suicidal ideation.

=== Watkins et. al (2020) ===

* Year: '''2000 (older, but foundational)'''
* Type: '''Experimental study'''

* Focus: Can OGM be '''changed/manipulated in real time?'''

'''Conclusions'''

'''1. Distraction ↓ OGM'''

* Less overgeneral memory when people stop ruminating

----'''2. Decentring ↓ OGM'''

* Thinking more flexibly → more '''specific memories'''

----'''3. Rumination ↑/maintains OGM'''

* Overthinking keeps memory vague

----'''🧠 Big takeaway:'''&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM is '''not fixed''' — it depends on your '''current cognitive state'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;...could we argue:

* '''Rumination → OGM'''
* '''OGM → poor problem solving / hopelessness'''

* '''→ Suicidal ideation'''

'''Limitations'''

* ❌ Small sample (N=48)
* ❌ Experimental / lab setting
* ❌ Not about suicidal ideation directly

* ❌ Older study

=== Young et. al (2013) – OGM in MDD &amp; high-risk individuals (fMRI study) ===

* Sample:
** MDD patients
** High-risk individuals (family history)
** Healthy controls

* Used '''autobiographical memory task + fMRI'''

'''Behavioral findings'''

* Both '''MDD and high-risk groups''':
** '''Fewer specific memories'''
** '''More overgeneral (categorical) memories'''
* High-risk group ≈ MDD group (no major difference)

👉 Huge point:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM exists '''before depression fully develops'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Insights'''

* Differences in:
** '''medial prefrontal cortex'''
** '''anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)'''
** '''occipital regions'''

👉 These areas are tied to:

* self-referential thinking
* emotion processing
* rumination (&quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3794427/#S3 there nonetheless seems to be a general convergence on the anterior cortical midline structures as playing an important role in maladaptive rumination in major depression]&quot;)

* '''OGM''' appears to exist in people that don't have depression, so OGM is a risk factor.
* Observes people who ''become'' depressed, not just depressed people.
* OGM is linked to brain systems involved in self-focus and rumination. That connects directly to:
** CaR-FA-X
** hopelessness
** suicidal ideation pathways

'''Limitations'''

* Super small sample (n=16)
* Neuroimaging, not suicide-oriented. 

=== Stange et al. (2013) – OGM × emotional maltreatment → depression ===

* Longitudinal adolescent sample (N=174, age ~12–13)

* Tested:&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Does OGM interact with stress (emotional abuse/neglect) to predict depression?'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Findings'''

1. OGM alone ≠ strong predictor

* OGM '''by itself did not strongly predict depression'''

----2. OGM × emotional abuse → ↑ depression

* Among adolescents with '''high emotional abuse''':
** More OGM → '''greater increases in depressive symptoms'''
* Among low-stress individuals:
** OGM had little effect

----3. Key interpretation:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM is a '''vulnerability factor that requires stress to activate'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----4. Mechanism support

Paper explicitly links OGM to:

* rumination
* avoidance
* poor problem solving

'''Insights'''

* '''A clean diathesis-stress model is present''': explaining the connection between OGM and SI, while explaining why OGM is not a predictor [as seen in this study and the insights amongst low-stress individuals].
*

'''🔗 Integration:'''

* Crane (2016):&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM doesn’t predict SI in general population&lt;/blockquote&gt;
* Stange (2013):&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM only matters when '''stress is present'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

👉 That resolves the contradiction

What could we get from this? &quot;OGM may not independently predict psychopathology but interacts with stressors (e.g., emotional maltreatment) to increase vulnerability.&quot;

== Narratives? ==

== See also ==

* [[w:Overgeneral_autobiographical_memory|Overgeneral autobiographical memory (WP link)]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>l1m9xrg1efw4wq8jkcq8dost7pnoibm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806799</id>
      <parentid>2806797</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T14:32:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>276019</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>now 15</comment>
      <origin>2806799</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22292" sha1="95tzkreqe3kzi7jypz50unarhqe1hay" xml:space="preserve">''Paper count:'' 15 (4/27/2026)

== Research ==

=== [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12888-020-02877-6 Jiang, W., Hu, G., Zhang, J. ''et al.'' Distinct effects of over-general autobiographical memory on suicidal ideation among depressed and healthy people. ''BMC Psychiatry'' '''20''', 501 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02877-6] ===
'''Background'''

* Mentions [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6053985/ the integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour] by O'Conner&lt;ref&gt;The '''integrated motivational-volitional (IMV) model of suicidal behavior''', dividing it into three phases: pre-motivational, motivational, and volitional. Firstly, the pre-motivational phase is composed of diathesis, environment, and life events, describing the background factors and triggering events. Secondly, the motivational phase focuses on the psychological processes of suicidal ideation and intent. Finally, the volitional phase governs the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempts.&lt;/ref&gt;.
* Mentions number of studies associating OGM with suicide: &quot;''...it could be inferred that OGM mediates the suicidal process by preventing the individuals from solving problems and envisioning the future by searching in the past experience, thereby creating a feeling of hopelessness and helplessness.''&quot;
* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352250X21000129 MeST] ↑ generalization of autobiographical memory ↓
* '''Research question(s)?''' No clear evidence to show how childhood trauma &amp; OGM interact in the suicidal process and whether depression is a ''moderating'' effect. 
* '''Hypothesis?''' OGM has different effects on the suicide process in depression patients and healthy individuals.
* '''Purpose of study?''' Aimed to compare childhood trauma, OGM, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior between depression patients and healthy individuals, and explore the differences caused by depression in suicidal pathways.

'''Method'''

* '''356 Chinese participants'''.
** '''180 depressed participants''': (''n'' = 121) 67.2% of the depressed patients were depressed for more than a year. 
** '''176 healthy individuals'''
'''Measures'''

* '''Depressive symptoms''': BDI-II [Beck Depression Inventory-II]; 21-item self-report survey that asses depression severity symptoms for past 2 weeks, using a four point Likert scale of 0-3. 
* '''OGM''': OGMQ; 19-item self-report tool that assesses the specificity of autobiographical memory using a four-point Likert scale (1 = perfect math; 4 = not a match). Total scores range from 19-76, with higher the score, the more frequent general, non-specific memories come into play. 
* '''Childhood trauma''': [CTQ-SF]; 28-item self-report survey measuring maltreatment and trauma experience before age 16 using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never; 5 = always). The five subscales include sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. 
* '''Suicidal ideation''': [BSI-CV]; 19-item self-report questionnaire that evaluates the thoughts about life and death and the severity of SI, using a three-point scale of 0-2. Range: 0-38.  
** If the score of item 4 or 5 is NOT 0, it indicates suicidal ideation. 
** ↑ BSI-CV score ↑ SI
* '''PSB:''' ...or previous suicidal behavior; 4-point scale was used (0 = never, 1 = once; 2 = twice; 3 = more than twice). Question asked was: &quot;how many times did you induce self-injury or suicidal behaviors, such as taking medicine or cutting your wrists in the past?&quot;.
'''Results'''

* Trauma → OGM, WSI, CSI
* OGM → WSI + CSI
* WSI → CSI
* WSI → PSB

* PSB → CSI (reverse influence) [suggests '''impulsive attempts ≠ ideation pathway]'''

WSI is strongly predictive of:

* PSB
* future SI intensity 

'''Discussion'''

# '''OGM''' = overgeneralized autobiographical memory, remembering things vaguley and not specifically.
# '''WSI''' = worst suicidal thoughts one has ever had [at a certain point].
# '''CSI''' = current point of suicidal ideation
* [according to the author] appears to be the first study that connects CSI and WSI of depressed and healthy control groups with suicidal behavior, childhood trauma, and autobiographical memory together.
* '''Results?''' Suggests that SI and behavior od epression patients are significantly HIGHER than of healthy individuals. Background factors, such as childhood trauma, and the moderator of suicide, such as OGM, are more severe in depression patients. 
** ONLY in depression patients, OGM significantly affects the CSI and acts an intermediary between childhood trauma and CSI.
** ...but NO significant effect of OGM on CSI in healthy individuals, ''indicating that OGM plays different roles in the emergence of suicidal ideation in different populations''. &lt;-- appears to be relevant only with other paired vulnerabilities (ex, trauma).
** OGM as a stable trait of depression was more severe in the depression group vs. healthy control.
** Childhood trauma &amp; OGM were correlated with WSI, indicating that they are critical factors of SI in accordance with the IMV model.
** PSB was strongly correlated to WSI. WSI might be an independent predictor of follow-up suicidal ideation intensity.
** Another finding was that PSB was negatively correlated with CSI and less affected by WSI in the healthy group. One reason might be that most proportion of suicides in healthy people are impulsive attempts, which do not follow the depression-hopelessness path to suicidal behavior, with lower expectations of death and suicidal ideation.
** OGM + WSI mediated '''70.28% of the total effect''' between trauma and CSI [impact of trauma on CSI does not happen ''directly'', but through OGM (messes up memory style) &amp; WSI (makes past suicidal thoughts worse)], while 30% of it is direct between trauma and current suicidal ideation.
* Improving the specificity of autobiographical memory may be an effective way to prevent suicidal ideation for depression. These could be achieved through life-review therapy &amp; MeST, both geared towards recalling memories in detail.
* '''Limitations?''' Low sample size, cross-sectional study, suicide's complex nature makes it difficult to account for all possible biological and psychological factors.
* '''Conclusion?''' This study identified the different roles of OGM in the suicidal ideation of depressed and healthy people. In depression patients, it affects the CSI and WSI and mediates the CSI due to the effect of childhood trauma. In healthy people, it can only affect the WSI. As an adjustable risk factor, the autobiographical memory might be a target of intervention for suicidal ideation in depression patients. Since training in specific memory retrieval has been proven to be effective in depression, future studies should consider whether it can reduce the emergence of suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior.

=== [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4743605/pdf/pmem-24-348.pdf Adolescent over-general memory, life events and mental health outcomes: Findings from a UK cohort] ===
Crane et al. (2016) – Community adolescent cohort

* Large UK longitudinal study (n≈5800 adolescents; ages 13 → 16)
* Tested whether OGM predicts depression/suicidality and moderates life stress
* '''Findings:'''
** OGM did not predict depression, suicidal ideation, or self-harm
** OGM did not moderate the effect of life events
** Life events strongly predicted all outcomes
* '''Interpretation:'''
** OGM may not function as a general vulnerability factor in community samples
** Likely only relevant in high-risk or depressed populations

=== Sumner et al. (2010) – Meta-analysis (OGM &amp; depression) ===

* Meta-analysis of '''15 studies''' examining whether OGM predicts the course of depression
* '''Findings:'''
** Higher OGM (fewer specific memories) → higher depressive symptoms at follow-up
** Effect remains '''even after controlling for baseline depression'''
** Overall effect size is '''small but significant (~1–2% variance explained)'''
* '''Moderators:'''
** Stronger effect in '''clinically depressed samples vs nonclinical'''
** Stronger with '''shorter follow-up periods'''

* '''Interpretation:'''
** OGM is a '''predictor of depression maintenance''', not just a correlate
** Likely acts as a '''vulnerability factor''', especially in high-risk groups
{{Notice|OGM works under certain conditions (clinical / high-risk), not universally}}

=== Moore &amp; Zoellner (2007) – Evaluative Review (OGM &amp; trauma) ===

* Evaluative review of '''24 studies''' examining trauma exposure and OGM
* '''Core question:''' Does trauma cause overgeneral memory?
'''Findings'''
* ❌ '''No consistent link''' between trauma exposure and OGM
* ✅ OGM is more consistently linked to:
** '''Depression'''
** '''PTSD symptoms (intrusions, avoidance)'''
* Trauma exposure alone is '''not sufficient''' to produce OGM
* OGM appears more tied to '''psychopathology''', not the event itself
'''Key nuance'''
* Post-trauma '''symptoms''' (not the trauma itself) are what matter
* Evidence across studies is '''mixed and methodologically inconsistent'''
'''Interpretation'''
* Challenges the classic “trauma → OGM” theory
* Supports alternative view:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM = cognitive feature of clinical disorders (e.g., MDD, PTSD)&lt;/blockquote&gt;
*Trauma alone isn’t enough — psychological response matters

=== Crane &amp; Duggan (2009) – CSA onset &amp; OGM in suicidal patients ===

* Clinical sample of '''49 patients with recurrent suicidal behavior'''
* Examined whether '''age of onset of childhood sexual abuse (CSA)''' relates to OGM

'''Findings'''

* Earlier CSA onset → '''greater OGM''' (fewer specific, more categorical memories)
* Effect remained after controlling for:
** depression
** verbal fluency
* Presence vs absence of CSA '''did NOT differ in OGM'''
** (because sample already highly clinical)

'''Interpretation'''

* Not trauma itself → but '''timing of trauma (early development)''' matters
* Supports idea that OGM develops when:
** memory systems are still forming
** avoidance becomes a learned coping style 

'''Insights'''

# Analysis of OGM in a suicidal population.
# Moore &amp; Zoellner had trauma alone ≠ OGM, while Crane &amp; Duggan added some trauma characteristics from early developmental trauma. 
# ''To take note'': Earlier trauma is associated with greater OGM '''within high-risk groups.''' 

=== Champagne et al. (2016) – OGM in adolescent MDD ===

* Clinical adolescent sample (ages 11–18; current MDD, remitted MDD, never depressed)
* Tested whether OGM is '''state (only during depression)''' or '''trait (persists after)'''

'''Findings:'''

* Adolescents with '''current AND remitted MDD''' showed more OGM than controls
* No significant difference between current vs remitted groups
* OGM present for both '''positive and negative cues'''

'''Interpretation:'''

* OGM is likely a '''trait-like vulnerability''', not just a temporary symptom
* May contribute to '''risk of recurrence''' in depression

'''1. Trait vs state question (very important)'''

This paper directly answers:&lt;blockquote&gt;Is OGM just a symptom or a vulnerability?&lt;/blockquote&gt;👉 Answer: '''likely vulnerability'''

That’s big for your argument.
----'''2. Adolescent + clinical sample'''

* Not just adults
* Not just community

👉 Stronger relevance than many papers
----'''3. Fits your mechanism pathway'''

Supports:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM persists → increases long-term risk → can feed into suicidal ideation&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Limitations'''

* Small sample (n=65 total)
* Cross-sectional → can’t prove causality

* Can’t tell if OGM came '''before''' depression or is a “scar”

=== Arie et al. (2008) – OGM, problem solving &amp; suicidal behavior ===

* Clinical adolescent inpatient sample (suicidal vs nonsuicidal vs healthy controls)
* Tested Williams’ model linking OGM, problem solving, and suicide

'''Findings:'''

* Suicidal adolescents showed:
** '''More OGM (less specific memory)'''
** '''Worse interpersonal problem-solving ability'''
** '''Higher hopelessness'''
* OGM significantly correlated with:
** poorer problem solving
** higher hopelessness
** greater suicidal behavior
* Negative childhood life events also linked to OGM and suicide

'''Interpretation:'''

* Supports pathway:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM → poor problem solving → hopelessness → suicidal behavior&lt;/blockquote&gt;
* OGM may limit access to specific past experiences needed to solve problems effectively

'''Insights'''

* Study on population actually attempting suicide.
* Points out a clear pathway
* Suicidal group had lowest memory specificity, worst problem-solving abilities, and highest hopelessness

'''Limitations''' 

* n=75, small sample
* cross sectional, so causality can not be pinpointed
* inpatient sample, so cannot be generalizable

=== Kaviani et al. (2011) – OGM, problem solving &amp; suicidal ideation ===

* Clinical sample: depressed patients '''with vs without suicidal ideation'''
* Tested links between OGM, problem solving, depression, and hopelessness

'''Findings:'''

* Suicidal ideation group:
** '''Less specific autobiographical memories (more OGM)'''
** '''More hopelessness'''
** '''Less effective problem-solving strategies'''
* OGM associated with:
** poorer problem solving
** greater hopelessness
* Evidence for a “cycle”:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM → poor problem solving → hopelessness → suicidal ideation&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Interpretation:'''

* OGM may contribute to suicidal ideation by '''impairing cognitive functioning''', especially problem solving
* Supports a '''cognitive pathway to suicide risk'''

'''Insights'''

* Studies suicidal ideation directly.
* Mechanism displayed: OGM --&gt; problem solving --&gt; hopelessness --&gt; suicidal ideation
* Within-depression comparison

'''Limitations'''

* n=40
* Cross-sectional, lacks causality
* Specific country (Iran)

=== Zhu et al. (2025) – OGM &amp; suicidal ideation (ML study) ===

* Clinical sample (n=88 depressed patients; with vs without suicidal ideation across severity levels)
* Used '''AMT + machine learning + vocal features''' to distinguish suicidal ideation

'''Findings:'''

* Patients with suicidal ideation:
** '''More OGM (fewer specific memories)'''
** Especially impaired recall of '''positive memories'''
* OGM strongly associated with '''severity of suicidal ideation'''
* Crucially:
** '''OGM predicts suicidal ideation independently of depression severity'''
* ML model showed:
** OGM features were key for identifying '''presence of suicidal ideation'''
** Depression severity features ≠ sufficient to predict SI

'''Interpretation:'''

* OGM is a '''specific cognitive marker of suicidal ideation''', not just a byproduct of depression
* Supports:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM contributes uniquely to suicidal ideation beyond general depression&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Insights'''

* OGM is unique in contribution/specifically tied to SI.
* Separated depression anxiety and suicidal ideation.

OGM is not merely a correlate of depression, but a distinct cognitive vulnerability that contributes specifically to suicidal ideation.

=== Weiss-Cowie et al. (2023) — Meta-analysis on OGM &amp; depression ===
'''🔑 Core findings (clean summary)'''

* Massive meta-analysis ('''67 studies''')
* Depressed individuals show:
** '''Less specific memories''' → ''(g = −0.73)''
** '''More overgeneral memories''' → ''(g = 0.77)''

👉 That’s '''medium–large effect sizes''' → very strong evidence
----'''🧠 Important conceptual findings'''

'''1. OGM exists across:'''

* Current depression
* Subthreshold depression
* Remitted depression

👉 Translation:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM is not just a “currently depressed” phenomenon&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''2. Trait vs state (VERY important for your work)'''

* OGM persists even after remission
* But is '''stronger during active depression'''

👉 This supports:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM = '''trait vulnerability that gets amplified during depression'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''3. Supports CaR-FA-X model'''

* Capture &amp; rumination
* Functional avoidance
* Executive dysfunction

👉 This is your '''mechanism backbone paper'''

=== Crane et. al (2016) ===

* Year: '''2016''' (so not “new,” but still solid)
* Design: '''Large longitudinal cohort (ALSPAC)'''
* Sample: ~5,700 adolescents

* Timeline:
** OGM at age 13
** Outcomes at age 16

'''Conclusions'''&lt;blockquote&gt;'''No meaningful relationship between OGM and later:'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

* Depression
* Suicidal ideation
* Self-harm

After controlling for confounds.
This paper is basically saying:&lt;blockquote&gt;“OGM is NOT a general population risk factor for later psychopathology.”&lt;/blockquote&gt;More precisely:

* Works in:
** Clinical samples
** High-risk groups
* '''Does NOT generalize to community samples'''

'''Insights'''

* high-quality longitudinal data

'''1. Show inconsistency'''&lt;blockquote&gt;“While some studies show associations between OGM and suicidality, large community-based longitudinal evidence suggests no such relationship.”&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''2. Introduce moderation / context argument'''&lt;blockquote&gt;“These discrepancies suggest that OGM may function as a vulnerability factor only under specific conditions (e.g., clinical populations, high-risk individuals).”&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----'''3. Strengthen your theoretical argument'''

This paper supports:

* '''CaR-FA-X conditional vulnerability'''
* '''Diathesis-stress framing'''

=== Hallford et. al (2022) ===

* Year: '''2022 → recent'''
* Type: '''Systematic review + meta-analysis'''
* Focus: OGM in '''remitted depression'''

* Sample: '''17 studies'''

'''Conclusion'''

* People with '''remitted depression''':
** Recall '''fewer specific memories''' (g ≈ -0.31)
** Recall '''more overgeneral/categoric memories''' (g ≈ +0.25)

👉 These are '''small–moderate effects''', but consistent.
----&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM '''persists even after depression is gone'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;This is HUGE.
----&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM may be a '''trait-like cognitive vulnerability''', not just a symptom&lt;/blockquote&gt;The paper explicitly frames it as:

* A '''risk factor for future depressive episodes'''

'''Insights'''

'''🔗 The missing link:'''

* OGM persists '''after depression'''
* OGM predicts '''future depressive symptoms'''

'''👉 So logically:'''

* OGM is not just a byproduct
* It’s a '''stable vulnerability mechanism'''

We can argue: OGM = vulnerability → (depression) → suicidal ideation.

=== Watkins et. al (2020) ===

* Year: '''2000 (older, but foundational)'''
* Type: '''Experimental study'''

* Focus: Can OGM be '''changed/manipulated in real time?'''

'''Conclusions'''

'''1. Distraction ↓ OGM'''

* Less overgeneral memory when people stop ruminating

----'''2. Decentring ↓ OGM'''

* Thinking more flexibly → more '''specific memories'''

----'''3. Rumination ↑/maintains OGM'''

* Overthinking keeps memory vague

----'''🧠 Big takeaway:'''&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM is '''not fixed''' — it depends on your '''current cognitive state'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;...could we argue:

* '''Rumination → OGM'''
* '''OGM → poor problem solving / hopelessness'''

* '''→ Suicidal ideation'''

'''Limitations'''

* ❌ Small sample (N=48)
* ❌ Experimental / lab setting
* ❌ Not about suicidal ideation directly

* ❌ Older study

=== Young et. al (2013) – OGM in MDD &amp; high-risk individuals (fMRI study) ===

* Sample:
** MDD patients
** High-risk individuals (family history)
** Healthy controls

* Used '''autobiographical memory task + fMRI'''

'''Behavioral findings'''

* Both '''MDD and high-risk groups''':
** '''Fewer specific memories'''
** '''More overgeneral (categorical) memories'''
* High-risk group ≈ MDD group (no major difference)

👉 Huge point:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM exists '''before depression fully develops'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;'''Insights'''

* Differences in:
** '''medial prefrontal cortex'''
** '''anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)'''
** '''occipital regions'''

👉 These areas are tied to:

* self-referential thinking
* emotion processing
* rumination (&quot;[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3794427/#S3 there nonetheless seems to be a general convergence on the anterior cortical midline structures as playing an important role in maladaptive rumination in major depression]&quot;)

* '''OGM''' appears to exist in people that don't have depression, so OGM is a risk factor.
* Observes people who ''become'' depressed, not just depressed people.
* OGM is linked to brain systems involved in self-focus and rumination. That connects directly to:
** CaR-FA-X
** hopelessness
** suicidal ideation pathways

'''Limitations'''

* Super small sample (n=16)
* Neuroimaging, not suicide-oriented. 

=== Stange et al. (2013) – OGM × emotional maltreatment → depression ===

* Longitudinal adolescent sample (N=174, age ~12–13)

* Tested:&lt;blockquote&gt;'''Does OGM interact with stress (emotional abuse/neglect) to predict depression?'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

'''Findings'''

1. OGM alone ≠ strong predictor

* OGM '''by itself did not strongly predict depression'''

----2. OGM × emotional abuse → ↑ depression

* Among adolescents with '''high emotional abuse''':
** More OGM → '''greater increases in depressive symptoms'''
* Among low-stress individuals:
** OGM had little effect

----3. Key interpretation:&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM is a '''vulnerability factor that requires stress to activate'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;
----4. Mechanism support

Paper explicitly links OGM to:

* rumination
* avoidance
* poor problem solving

'''Insights'''

* '''A clean diathesis-stress model is present''': explaining the connection between OGM and SI, while explaining why OGM is not a predictor [as seen in this study and the insights amongst low-stress individuals].
*

'''🔗 Integration:'''

* Crane (2016):&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM doesn’t predict SI in general population&lt;/blockquote&gt;
* Stange (2013):&lt;blockquote&gt;OGM only matters when '''stress is present'''&lt;/blockquote&gt;

👉 That resolves the contradiction

What could we get from this? &quot;OGM may not independently predict psychopathology but interacts with stressors (e.g., emotional maltreatment) to increase vulnerability.&quot;

== Narratives? ==

== See also ==

* [[w:Overgeneral_autobiographical_memory|Overgeneral autobiographical memory (WP link)]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>User:ThinkingScience/ND Inspired Idea Notebook</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-27T13:33:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ThinkingScience</username>
        <id>3061446</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* April 22, 2026 */ == April 27, 2026 == Let's plan for the future</comment>
      <origin>2806787</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3032" sha1="4kkhrx6ykjt05utf8ey2zwry6ezbu1q" xml:space="preserve">Template Links:
* {{tl|Draft}}
* {{tl|underconstruction}}

'''On this page I plan to add daily notes regarding [[Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea]].'''

== &quot;Diary&quot; ==

== April 18, 2026 ==

A suggestion I got was that it may help the project if I provide some questions along with the idea. Also to make a main space where I gather info about my progress but that will probably be the draft itself if I move forward. Now if I write a &quot;diary&quot; that will be only regarding the project.

Turned &quot;me language&quot; into expressing that everyone is welcome, that I don't &quot;own&quot; [[Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea]]. Now everything that says &quot;I did this&quot; &quot;I did that&quot; should be gone. I think this was an improvement of some sort.

Plan for next edits on the draft page: Add an &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot; == Old Methodology needing updating == &quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt; where I will add old methodologies where I had not planned ahead too good and the &quot;Do no harm&quot; I did not know about or could not focus on. That was before I created my own Draft that feels like it only happened some days ago.

Interaction I thought was an efficient method but how would methodology be modified today with what I know now and will know in the future?

== April 20, 2026 ==

Why does it seem like I'm the only one using the word &quot;methodology&quot;? Did the [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] mention it?
* I cannot find it! I checked all infoboxes! It must have been generated and I probably never questioned it...until now.

== April 21, 2026 ==

I think I put a new subsection on the Draft space something that was related to developing my method/methodology into the &quot;Do no harm&quot;. Considering I have almost not developed anything but I still gotta work on this...to do...

== April 22, 2026 ==

I am yearning / looking forward to working on video notes in a &quot;Do no harm&quot; way. I don't feel like it has happened yet. I did make modifications but it may have increased complexity. A complexity that will make it harder for me to work or just different.

== April 27, 2026 ==

I met with my father and he is a friend of the sciences. One word: hypothesis. He asked what my main hypothesis is. Of course hypothesis is a way to test if the idea is sound or if it's for the trashcan. I'm glad he gave me this feedback or interest in trying to learn more.

Today I woke up being inspired by that:

* Is there a hypothesis or a number of hypotheses related to the idea?
** Can this idea be proven false?

The follow up question is actually not necessary since a hypothesis is basically: &quot;I predict this will happen&quot; and then checking results what happens and whether it fulfilled the prediction or not and sometimes we stumble upon new things we did not expect.

[[Operationalization]] is then also needed to make &quot;ambiguous ideas&quot; measurable. My father remembers that I &quot;wanted to save the world&quot; but it was nothing other than an observation I wanted to share with other people that I had made that began years earlier. June 16 should be 2 months roughly after the creation of the Draft:Idea...</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2806789</id>
      <parentid>2806787</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T13:45:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ThinkingScience</username>
        <id>3061446</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* April 27, 2026 */ deadlines help me, goals help me, goals with a timeframe help me even more</comment>
      <origin>2806789</origin>
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      <text bytes="3497" sha1="k2ze5ho1vv3w3pfg19fj0ku6xg87zym" xml:space="preserve">Template Links:
* {{tl|Draft}}
* {{tl|underconstruction}}

'''On this page I plan to add daily notes regarding [[Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea]].'''

== &quot;Diary&quot; ==

== April 18, 2026 ==

A suggestion I got was that it may help the project if I provide some questions along with the idea. Also to make a main space where I gather info about my progress but that will probably be the draft itself if I move forward. Now if I write a &quot;diary&quot; that will be only regarding the project.

Turned &quot;me language&quot; into expressing that everyone is welcome, that I don't &quot;own&quot; [[Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea]]. Now everything that says &quot;I did this&quot; &quot;I did that&quot; should be gone. I think this was an improvement of some sort.

Plan for next edits on the draft page: Add an &lt;nowiki&gt;&quot; == Old Methodology needing updating == &quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt; where I will add old methodologies where I had not planned ahead too good and the &quot;Do no harm&quot; I did not know about or could not focus on. That was before I created my own Draft that feels like it only happened some days ago.

Interaction I thought was an efficient method but how would methodology be modified today with what I know now and will know in the future?

== April 20, 2026 ==

Why does it seem like I'm the only one using the word &quot;methodology&quot;? Did the [[Wikiversity:Research ethics]] mention it?
* I cannot find it! I checked all infoboxes! It must have been generated and I probably never questioned it...until now.

== April 21, 2026 ==

I think I put a new subsection on the Draft space something that was related to developing my method/methodology into the &quot;Do no harm&quot;. Considering I have almost not developed anything but I still gotta work on this...to do...

== April 22, 2026 ==

I am yearning / looking forward to working on video notes in a &quot;Do no harm&quot; way. I don't feel like it has happened yet. I did make modifications but it may have increased complexity. A complexity that will make it harder for me to work or just different.

== April 27, 2026 ==

I met with my father and he is a friend of the sciences. One word: hypothesis. He asked what my main hypothesis is. Of course hypothesis is a way to test if the idea is sound or if it's for the trashcan. I'm glad he gave me this feedback or interest in trying to learn more.

Today I woke up being inspired by that:

* Is there a hypothesis or a number of hypotheses related to the idea?
** Can this idea be proven false?

Why it's important to prove a hypothesis false: so that we don't waste time on trash ideas. If they are not provable we give time to the creator of the suggestion/idea to prove make a hypothesis. Only when the creator fails to provide any sort of hypothesis and maybe suggests their own idea be removed because as hard as they tried they couldn't make a functioning hypothesis...then I guess that's one of the more 'natural' ways for a project to more naturally leave Wikiversity.

Deadlines etc. can help me keep moving...

What a hypothesis is: &quot;I predict this will happen&quot; and then checking results what happens and whether it fulfilled the prediction or not and sometimes we stumble upon new things we did not expect.

[[Operationalization]] is then also needed to make &quot;ambiguous ideas&quot; measurable. My father remembers that I &quot;wanted to save the world&quot; but it was nothing other than an observation I wanted to share with other people that I had made that began years earlier. June 16 should be 2 months roughly after the creation of the Draft:Idea...</text>
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    <title>Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea/AI Prompt History for Questions</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-27T14:12:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ThinkingScience</username>
        <id>3061446</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* &quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google inputs/outputs */ how I get motivated to work is documented in these inputs where I from &quot;unstable psychology mode&quot; to working</comment>
      <origin>2806790</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7238" sha1="qeghqxqmlf0k67fehn7kbfca6iistcs" xml:space="preserve">{{AI-generated}}

For practical purposes we can assume that everything on this page is &quot;AI-generated&quot;. Where it is not, it will be stated.

How questions were generated appear on this page for transparency reasons. The input and output questions are documented.

This is a page where one can get a question and then work further to refine the question. This is some disorganized inputs and outputs. Inputs are sent to an AI/LLM and outputs is about what the AI/LLM gives the user.

When it says &quot;'''human output'''&quot; that means that a user thought of a question based on an AI's/LLM's question. Simply a follow-up question to an AI's/LLM's question.

== &quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google inputs/outputs ==

News: In this section today at April 27, 2026 a new 'data point'/method for noting down multiple inputs which were typed before without the output as the previous output may be ignored because only the latest output may be interesting for the user. We call this:

* &quot;pre-input&quot; - &quot;pre-input&quot; are inputs that were sent before the main input where we also provide the output. The pre-inputs don't need their own outputs as that adds too much complexity and we try to avoid spamming Wikiversity.

Please feel free to add subsections here.

* human input April 18, 2026: I have an idea and I'm developing the idea here on English Wikiversity: Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea. What kind of questions might I need to move forward. I'm looking for academic feedback. The problem is &quot;people don't understand themselves&quot; and have to go through &quot;dragged-out diagnosis processes&quot; by psychiatrists. The problem to be solved: how the brain works and presenting a system how it can be mapped.
** output Purpose: &quot;What specific problem does this idea solve for the reader?&quot;
** output Reach: &quot;Who is the primary 'student' for this draft?&quot;
*** human output: Who is the target audience for this draft?
** output Validation: &quot;What existing research or lived experience supports this claim?&quot;
** output Interactivity: &quot;What can a reader do with this information right now?&quot;

* human input: Is a &quot;neurotype&quot; up for debate? Does every researcher have their own definition of what a &quot;neurotype&quot; is? Based on this input can you suggest better questhe tions?

=== Creating a hypothesis ===
* pre inputs by human to &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026
** operationalization (Q286017) describes itself on Wikidata as: &quot;process of defining the measurement of a phenomenon that is not directly measurable, though its existence is indicated by other phenomena&quot; What does that mean in 20 words max?
** what is operationalization for ie. a hypothesis about whether sunlight is good for plants or not?
** I operationalization a scientific concept and is it available on wikiversity?
** Can a hypothesis be created for this project? https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea#%22Research_projects_must_fully_document_the_methods%22
** neurodiversity-inspired is not the same thing as neurodiversity-based
** bro you are lost in the neurodiversity mumbo jumbo
** Let's just agree on one thing: If I don't tell you what I'm thinking, you won't know? Correct?
** so that's why I should provide some input, but question is when?
** What do you mean now? Now now or now?(joke)
** Whenever I am ready. That's well explained! I am not yet ready so while I'm not ready please don't blather like a...like a...
** When I'm ready I'll telll you, then you'll respond and then I will send you my idea, ok?
** I'm not ready yet. My hypothesis or hypotheses are measuring rapport between individuals. For the hypothesis I need to state how rapport will be measured.
* human input to same &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026: So the individuals that participate in the 'sociological' hypothesis experiment will interact through the tool known as &quot;Etherpad&quot;.
** &quot;AI Mode&quot; output same date: {{quote|That is a great choice for a study because Etherpad produces a literal &quot;paper trail&quot; of the interaction. Since it's a collaborative text editor, you can track rapport through the digital footprint of how people type together.
When you are ready to send your full idea, we can look at measuring rapport in Etherpad through things like:

* Synchronicity: How often they type at the exact same time.
* Editing behavior: Do they delete each other's work or build upon it?
* Chat usage: How much they use the side-bar chat versus the main document.

I'll keep it brief as requested. Standing by for your signal.}}


=== Methodology questions ===

* human input April 20, 2026: On Wikiversity they say &quot;ask the right questions with your idea&quot;. I got an idea, this is my idea: &quot;The Neurodiversity-inspired idea&quot;. My methodology is about watching videos of famous people but I want to do the public notes in a way that doesn't &quot;offend the famous people&quot; when I compare them with other famous people.
** output: &quot;How does this person's way of processing information differ from or similar to the other person in this comparison?&quot;, &quot;What strengths or 'superpowers' are evident in how they navigate this specific situation?&quot;. Strategy for Non-Offensive Public Notes. Focus on Behaviours, Not Diagnoses: Only comment on observed actions or statements. Use phrases like, &quot;Their speaking style is consistent with...&quot; rather than &quot;They are...&quot;.

'''Methodology questions'''

When watching a famous person in a video interview in the current &quot;methodology&quot;:
* How does this person's way of processing information differ to another person in this comparison? (modified by a human)
* What strengths or 'superpowers' are evident in how they navigate this specific situation?

==== Failures in output we can learn from in Methodology questions to AIs/LLMs ====

It's not always easy to find the right questions. When the question has some problems that causes an output that doesn't make sense they can be put in this section.

* human input April 19, 2026: I'm looking for an English-Wikiversity-compliant methodology to study famous people in video interviews while &quot;being allowed&quot; to group them together without it being &quot;heresy&quot; in scientific communities. Can you formulate that as a question?
** output &quot;didn't make sense&quot; / &quot;was irrelevant&quot; (conclusion by human contributor)

== &quot;Reference Coding&quot; ==

'''⚠️⚠️⚠️ WARNING ⚠️⚠️⚠️: Very important. This section's name should not be changed because other pages already link here and if the section's name is changed those links will break! For any questions please use the talk page.'''

Here happens a &quot;reference coding&quot; so it's easy to find an input when it is being referenced from another page on Wikiversity. ie. [1] should be the same as [1] on another page which is referencing the [1] here.

These inputs/outputs were done with &quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google.

* Reference [1]
* human input April 22: I need somebody who is a famous person and that we can tie to the word &quot;draft&quot; even indirectly and that is a modern person and that appears in many different video interviews.
** output: A compelling modern person for your &quot;Method development&quot; section is Taylor Swift. She is a modern icon who appears in countless video interviews and can be tied directly to the word &quot;draft&quot; through her creative process and public statements.</text>
      <sha1>qeghqxqmlf0k67fehn7kbfca6iistcs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806793</id>
      <parentid>2806790</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T14:19:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ThinkingScience</username>
        <id>3061446</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Editing behavior and chat usage</comment>
      <origin>2806793</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8141" sha1="b3eh6swln4qrklcde2wtsomkkktg51s" xml:space="preserve">{{AI-generated}}

For practical purposes we can assume that everything on this page is &quot;AI-generated&quot;. Where it is not, it will be stated.

How questions were generated appear on this page for transparency reasons. The input and output questions are documented.

This is a page where one can get a question and then work further to refine the question. This is some disorganized inputs and outputs. Inputs are sent to an AI/LLM and outputs is about what the AI/LLM gives the user.

When it says &quot;'''human output'''&quot; that means that a user thought of a question based on an AI's/LLM's question. Simply a follow-up question to an AI's/LLM's question.

== &quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google inputs/outputs ==

News: In this section today at April 27, 2026 a new 'data point'/method for noting down multiple inputs which were typed before without the output as the previous output may be ignored because only the latest output may be interesting for the user. We call this:

* &quot;pre-input&quot; - &quot;pre-input&quot; are inputs that were sent before the main input where we also provide the output. The pre-inputs don't need their own outputs as that adds too much complexity and we try to avoid spamming Wikiversity.

Please feel free to add subsections here.

* human input April 18, 2026: I have an idea and I'm developing the idea here on English Wikiversity: Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea. What kind of questions might I need to move forward. I'm looking for academic feedback. The problem is &quot;people don't understand themselves&quot; and have to go through &quot;dragged-out diagnosis processes&quot; by psychiatrists. The problem to be solved: how the brain works and presenting a system how it can be mapped.
** output Purpose: &quot;What specific problem does this idea solve for the reader?&quot;
** output Reach: &quot;Who is the primary 'student' for this draft?&quot;
*** human output: Who is the target audience for this draft?
** output Validation: &quot;What existing research or lived experience supports this claim?&quot;
** output Interactivity: &quot;What can a reader do with this information right now?&quot;

* human input: Is a &quot;neurotype&quot; up for debate? Does every researcher have their own definition of what a &quot;neurotype&quot; is? Based on this input can you suggest better questhe tions?

=== Creating a hypothesis ===
* pre inputs by human to &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026
** operationalization (Q286017) describes itself on Wikidata as: &quot;process of defining the measurement of a phenomenon that is not directly measurable, though its existence is indicated by other phenomena&quot; What does that mean in 20 words max?
** what is operationalization for ie. a hypothesis about whether sunlight is good for plants or not?
** I operationalization a scientific concept and is it available on wikiversity?
** Can a hypothesis be created for this project? https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea#%22Research_projects_must_fully_document_the_methods%22
** neurodiversity-inspired is not the same thing as neurodiversity-based
** bro you are lost in the neurodiversity mumbo jumbo
** Let's just agree on one thing: If I don't tell you what I'm thinking, you won't know? Correct?
** so that's why I should provide some input, but question is when?
** What do you mean now? Now now or now?(joke)
** Whenever I am ready. That's well explained! I am not yet ready so while I'm not ready please don't blather like a...like a...
** When I'm ready I'll telll you, then you'll respond and then I will send you my idea, ok?
** I'm not ready yet. My hypothesis or hypotheses are measuring rapport between individuals. For the hypothesis I need to state how rapport will be measured.
* human input to same &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026: So the individuals that participate in the 'sociological' hypothesis experiment will interact through the tool known as &quot;Etherpad&quot;.
** &quot;AI Mode&quot; output same date: {{quote|That is a great choice for a study because Etherpad produces a literal &quot;paper trail&quot; of the interaction. Since it's a collaborative text editor, you can track rapport through the digital footprint of how people type together.
When you are ready to send your full idea, we can look at measuring rapport in Etherpad through things like:

* Synchronicity: How often they type at the exact same time.
* Editing behavior: Do they delete each other's work or build upon it?
* Chat usage: How much they use the side-bar chat versus the main document.

I'll keep it brief as requested. Standing by for your signal.}}

=== Methodology questions ===

* human input April 20, 2026: On Wikiversity they say &quot;ask the right questions with your idea&quot;. I got an idea, this is my idea: &quot;The Neurodiversity-inspired idea&quot;. My methodology is about watching videos of famous people but I want to do the public notes in a way that doesn't &quot;offend the famous people&quot; when I compare them with other famous people.
** output: &quot;How does this person's way of processing information differ from or similar to the other person in this comparison?&quot;, &quot;What strengths or 'superpowers' are evident in how they navigate this specific situation?&quot;. Strategy for Non-Offensive Public Notes. Focus on Behaviours, Not Diagnoses: Only comment on observed actions or statements. Use phrases like, &quot;Their speaking style is consistent with...&quot; rather than &quot;They are...&quot;.

'''Methodology questions'''

When watching a famous person in a video interview in the current &quot;methodology&quot;:
* How does this person's way of processing information differ to another person in this comparison? (modified by a human)
* What strengths or 'superpowers' are evident in how they navigate this specific situation?

==== Failures in output we can learn from in Methodology questions to AIs/LLMs ====

It's not always easy to find the right questions. When the question has some problems that causes an output that doesn't make sense they can be put in this section.

* human input April 19, 2026: I'm looking for an English-Wikiversity-compliant methodology to study famous people in video interviews while &quot;being allowed&quot; to group them together without it being &quot;heresy&quot; in scientific communities. Can you formulate that as a question?
** output &quot;didn't make sense&quot; / &quot;was irrelevant&quot; (conclusion by human contributor)

== &quot;Reference Coding&quot; ==

'''⚠️⚠️⚠️ WARNING ⚠️⚠️⚠️: Very important. This section's name should not be changed because other pages already link here and if the section's name is changed those links will break! For any questions please use the talk page.'''

Here happens a &quot;reference coding&quot; so it's easy to find an input when it is being referenced from another page on Wikiversity. ie. [1] should be the same as [1] on another page which is referencing the [1] here.

These inputs/outputs were done with &quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google.

* Reference [1]
* human input April 22: I need somebody who is a famous person and that we can tie to the word &quot;draft&quot; even indirectly and that is a modern person and that appears in many different video interviews.
** output: A compelling modern person for your &quot;Method development&quot; section is Taylor Swift. She is a modern icon who appears in countless video interviews and can be tied directly to the word &quot;draft&quot; through her creative process and public statements.

=== Reference [2] ===

Making an own Wiki-section is what might work better.

* human input to &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026: So the individuals that participate in the 'sociological' hypothesis experiment will interact through the tool known as &quot;Etherpad&quot;.
** &quot;AI Mode&quot; output same date: {{quote|That is a great choice for a study because Etherpad produces a literal &quot;paper trail&quot; of the interaction. Since it's a collaborative text editor, you can track rapport through the digital footprint of how people type together.
When you are ready to send your full idea, we can look at measuring rapport in Etherpad through things like:

* Synchronicity: How often they type at the exact same time.
* Editing behavior: Do they delete each other's work or build upon it?
* Chat usage: How much they use the side-bar chat versus the main document.

I'll keep it brief as requested. Standing by for your signal.}}</text>
      <sha1>b3eh6swln4qrklcde2wtsomkkktg51s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806802</id>
      <parentid>2806793</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T14:36:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ThinkingScience</username>
        <id>3061446</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Reference [2] */ &quot;[&quot; and &quot;]&quot; characters seem to cause problems with &quot;wiki tags&quot;...so fixing this now</comment>
      <origin>2806802</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8139" sha1="fa0acfusiijjrlq4ip4o0x2sxaod7t2" xml:space="preserve">{{AI-generated}}

For practical purposes we can assume that everything on this page is &quot;AI-generated&quot;. Where it is not, it will be stated.

How questions were generated appear on this page for transparency reasons. The input and output questions are documented.

This is a page where one can get a question and then work further to refine the question. This is some disorganized inputs and outputs. Inputs are sent to an AI/LLM and outputs is about what the AI/LLM gives the user.

When it says &quot;'''human output'''&quot; that means that a user thought of a question based on an AI's/LLM's question. Simply a follow-up question to an AI's/LLM's question.

== &quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google inputs/outputs ==

News: In this section today at April 27, 2026 a new 'data point'/method for noting down multiple inputs which were typed before without the output as the previous output may be ignored because only the latest output may be interesting for the user. We call this:

* &quot;pre-input&quot; - &quot;pre-input&quot; are inputs that were sent before the main input where we also provide the output. The pre-inputs don't need their own outputs as that adds too much complexity and we try to avoid spamming Wikiversity.

Please feel free to add subsections here.

* human input April 18, 2026: I have an idea and I'm developing the idea here on English Wikiversity: Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea. What kind of questions might I need to move forward. I'm looking for academic feedback. The problem is &quot;people don't understand themselves&quot; and have to go through &quot;dragged-out diagnosis processes&quot; by psychiatrists. The problem to be solved: how the brain works and presenting a system how it can be mapped.
** output Purpose: &quot;What specific problem does this idea solve for the reader?&quot;
** output Reach: &quot;Who is the primary 'student' for this draft?&quot;
*** human output: Who is the target audience for this draft?
** output Validation: &quot;What existing research or lived experience supports this claim?&quot;
** output Interactivity: &quot;What can a reader do with this information right now?&quot;

* human input: Is a &quot;neurotype&quot; up for debate? Does every researcher have their own definition of what a &quot;neurotype&quot; is? Based on this input can you suggest better questhe tions?

=== Creating a hypothesis ===
* pre inputs by human to &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026
** operationalization (Q286017) describes itself on Wikidata as: &quot;process of defining the measurement of a phenomenon that is not directly measurable, though its existence is indicated by other phenomena&quot; What does that mean in 20 words max?
** what is operationalization for ie. a hypothesis about whether sunlight is good for plants or not?
** I operationalization a scientific concept and is it available on wikiversity?
** Can a hypothesis be created for this project? https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea#%22Research_projects_must_fully_document_the_methods%22
** neurodiversity-inspired is not the same thing as neurodiversity-based
** bro you are lost in the neurodiversity mumbo jumbo
** Let's just agree on one thing: If I don't tell you what I'm thinking, you won't know? Correct?
** so that's why I should provide some input, but question is when?
** What do you mean now? Now now or now?(joke)
** Whenever I am ready. That's well explained! I am not yet ready so while I'm not ready please don't blather like a...like a...
** When I'm ready I'll telll you, then you'll respond and then I will send you my idea, ok?
** I'm not ready yet. My hypothesis or hypotheses are measuring rapport between individuals. For the hypothesis I need to state how rapport will be measured.
* human input to same &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026: So the individuals that participate in the 'sociological' hypothesis experiment will interact through the tool known as &quot;Etherpad&quot;.
** &quot;AI Mode&quot; output same date: {{quote|That is a great choice for a study because Etherpad produces a literal &quot;paper trail&quot; of the interaction. Since it's a collaborative text editor, you can track rapport through the digital footprint of how people type together.
When you are ready to send your full idea, we can look at measuring rapport in Etherpad through things like:

* Synchronicity: How often they type at the exact same time.
* Editing behavior: Do they delete each other's work or build upon it?
* Chat usage: How much they use the side-bar chat versus the main document.

I'll keep it brief as requested. Standing by for your signal.}}

=== Methodology questions ===

* human input April 20, 2026: On Wikiversity they say &quot;ask the right questions with your idea&quot;. I got an idea, this is my idea: &quot;The Neurodiversity-inspired idea&quot;. My methodology is about watching videos of famous people but I want to do the public notes in a way that doesn't &quot;offend the famous people&quot; when I compare them with other famous people.
** output: &quot;How does this person's way of processing information differ from or similar to the other person in this comparison?&quot;, &quot;What strengths or 'superpowers' are evident in how they navigate this specific situation?&quot;. Strategy for Non-Offensive Public Notes. Focus on Behaviours, Not Diagnoses: Only comment on observed actions or statements. Use phrases like, &quot;Their speaking style is consistent with...&quot; rather than &quot;They are...&quot;.

'''Methodology questions'''

When watching a famous person in a video interview in the current &quot;methodology&quot;:
* How does this person's way of processing information differ to another person in this comparison? (modified by a human)
* What strengths or 'superpowers' are evident in how they navigate this specific situation?

==== Failures in output we can learn from in Methodology questions to AIs/LLMs ====

It's not always easy to find the right questions. When the question has some problems that causes an output that doesn't make sense they can be put in this section.

* human input April 19, 2026: I'm looking for an English-Wikiversity-compliant methodology to study famous people in video interviews while &quot;being allowed&quot; to group them together without it being &quot;heresy&quot; in scientific communities. Can you formulate that as a question?
** output &quot;didn't make sense&quot; / &quot;was irrelevant&quot; (conclusion by human contributor)

== &quot;Reference Coding&quot; ==

'''⚠️⚠️⚠️ WARNING ⚠️⚠️⚠️: Very important. This section's name should not be changed because other pages already link here and if the section's name is changed those links will break! For any questions please use the talk page.'''

Here happens a &quot;reference coding&quot; so it's easy to find an input when it is being referenced from another page on Wikiversity. ie. [1] should be the same as [1] on another page which is referencing the [1] here.

These inputs/outputs were done with &quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google.

* Reference [1]
* human input April 22: I need somebody who is a famous person and that we can tie to the word &quot;draft&quot; even indirectly and that is a modern person and that appears in many different video interviews.
** output: A compelling modern person for your &quot;Method development&quot; section is Taylor Swift. She is a modern icon who appears in countless video interviews and can be tied directly to the word &quot;draft&quot; through her creative process and public statements.

=== Reference 2 ===

Making an own Wiki-section is what might work better.

* human input to &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026: So the individuals that participate in the 'sociological' hypothesis experiment will interact through the tool known as &quot;Etherpad&quot;.
** &quot;AI Mode&quot; output same date: {{quote|That is a great choice for a study because Etherpad produces a literal &quot;paper trail&quot; of the interaction. Since it's a collaborative text editor, you can track rapport through the digital footprint of how people type together.
When you are ready to send your full idea, we can look at measuring rapport in Etherpad through things like:

* Synchronicity: How often they type at the exact same time.
* Editing behavior: Do they delete each other's work or build upon it?
* Chat usage: How much they use the side-bar chat versus the main document.

I'll keep it brief as requested. Standing by for your signal.}}</text>
      <sha1>fa0acfusiijjrlq4ip4o0x2sxaod7t2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2806803</id>
      <parentid>2806802</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-27T14:44:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ThinkingScience</username>
        <id>3061446</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Creating a hypothesis */ Explaining the value of misspellings and mistakes...they can lead to the unexpected</comment>
      <origin>2806803</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8242" sha1="lahfbwxffsz1wpm4v1be9cdauzjn2gr" xml:space="preserve">{{AI-generated}}

For practical purposes we can assume that everything on this page is &quot;AI-generated&quot;. Where it is not, it will be stated.

How questions were generated appear on this page for transparency reasons. The input and output questions are documented.

This is a page where one can get a question and then work further to refine the question. This is some disorganized inputs and outputs. Inputs are sent to an AI/LLM and outputs is about what the AI/LLM gives the user.

When it says &quot;'''human output'''&quot; that means that a user thought of a question based on an AI's/LLM's question. Simply a follow-up question to an AI's/LLM's question.

== &quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google inputs/outputs ==

News: In this section today at April 27, 2026 a new 'data point'/method for noting down multiple inputs which were typed before without the output as the previous output may be ignored because only the latest output may be interesting for the user. We call this:

* &quot;pre-input&quot; - &quot;pre-input&quot; are inputs that were sent before the main input where we also provide the output. The pre-inputs don't need their own outputs as that adds too much complexity and we try to avoid spamming Wikiversity.

Please feel free to add subsections here.

* human input April 18, 2026: I have an idea and I'm developing the idea here on English Wikiversity: Draft:The Neurodiversity-inspired Idea. What kind of questions might I need to move forward. I'm looking for academic feedback. The problem is &quot;people don't understand themselves&quot; and have to go through &quot;dragged-out diagnosis processes&quot; by psychiatrists. The problem to be solved: how the brain works and presenting a system how it can be mapped.
** output Purpose: &quot;What specific problem does this idea solve for the reader?&quot;
** output Reach: &quot;Who is the primary 'student' for this draft?&quot;
*** human output: Who is the target audience for this draft?
** output Validation: &quot;What existing research or lived experience supports this claim?&quot;
** output Interactivity: &quot;What can a reader do with this information right now?&quot;

* human input: Is a &quot;neurotype&quot; up for debate? Does every researcher have their own definition of what a &quot;neurotype&quot; is? Based on this input can you suggest better questhe tions?

=== Creating a hypothesis ===

Misspellings have been kept. Don't correct misspellings in inputs or outputs. Misspellings are data.

* pre inputs by human to &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026
** operationalization (Q286017) describes itself on Wikidata as: &quot;process of defining the measurement of a phenomenon that is not directly measurable, though its existence is indicated by other phenomena&quot; What does that mean in 20 words max?
** what is operationalization for ie. a hypothesis about whether sunlight is good for plants or not?
** I operationalization a scientific concept and is it available on wikiversity?
** Can a hypothesis be created for this project? https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Draft:The_Neurodiversity-inspired_Idea#%22Research_projects_must_fully_document_the_methods%22
** neurodiversity-inspired is not the same thing as neurodiversity-based
** bro you are lost in the neurodiversity mumbo jumbo
** Let's just agree on one thing: If I don't tell you what I'm thinking, you won't know? Correct?
** so that's why I should provide some input, but question is when?
** What do you mean now? Now now or now?(joke)
** Whenever I am ready. That's well explained! I am not yet ready so while I'm not ready please don't blather like a...like a...
** When I'm ready I'll telll you, then you'll respond and then I will send you my idea, ok?
** I'm not ready yet. My hypothesis or hypotheses are measuring rapport between individuals. For the hypothesis I need to state how rapport will be measured.
* human input to same &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026: So the individuals that participate in the 'sociological' hypothesis experiment will interact through the tool known as &quot;Etherpad&quot;.
** &quot;AI Mode&quot; output same date: {{quote|That is a great choice for a study because Etherpad produces a literal &quot;paper trail&quot; of the interaction. Since it's a collaborative text editor, you can track rapport through the digital footprint of how people type together.
When you are ready to send your full idea, we can look at measuring rapport in Etherpad through things like:

* Synchronicity: How often they type at the exact same time.
* Editing behavior: Do they delete each other's work or build upon it?
* Chat usage: How much they use the side-bar chat versus the main document.

I'll keep it brief as requested. Standing by for your signal.}}

=== Methodology questions ===

* human input April 20, 2026: On Wikiversity they say &quot;ask the right questions with your idea&quot;. I got an idea, this is my idea: &quot;The Neurodiversity-inspired idea&quot;. My methodology is about watching videos of famous people but I want to do the public notes in a way that doesn't &quot;offend the famous people&quot; when I compare them with other famous people.
** output: &quot;How does this person's way of processing information differ from or similar to the other person in this comparison?&quot;, &quot;What strengths or 'superpowers' are evident in how they navigate this specific situation?&quot;. Strategy for Non-Offensive Public Notes. Focus on Behaviours, Not Diagnoses: Only comment on observed actions or statements. Use phrases like, &quot;Their speaking style is consistent with...&quot; rather than &quot;They are...&quot;.

'''Methodology questions'''

When watching a famous person in a video interview in the current &quot;methodology&quot;:
* How does this person's way of processing information differ to another person in this comparison? (modified by a human)
* What strengths or 'superpowers' are evident in how they navigate this specific situation?

==== Failures in output we can learn from in Methodology questions to AIs/LLMs ====

It's not always easy to find the right questions. When the question has some problems that causes an output that doesn't make sense they can be put in this section.

* human input April 19, 2026: I'm looking for an English-Wikiversity-compliant methodology to study famous people in video interviews while &quot;being allowed&quot; to group them together without it being &quot;heresy&quot; in scientific communities. Can you formulate that as a question?
** output &quot;didn't make sense&quot; / &quot;was irrelevant&quot; (conclusion by human contributor)

== &quot;Reference Coding&quot; ==

'''⚠️⚠️⚠️ WARNING ⚠️⚠️⚠️: Very important. This section's name should not be changed because other pages already link here and if the section's name is changed those links will break! For any questions please use the talk page.'''

Here happens a &quot;reference coding&quot; so it's easy to find an input when it is being referenced from another page on Wikiversity. ie. [1] should be the same as [1] on another page which is referencing the [1] here.

These inputs/outputs were done with &quot;AI Mode&quot; by Google.

* Reference [1]
* human input April 22: I need somebody who is a famous person and that we can tie to the word &quot;draft&quot; even indirectly and that is a modern person and that appears in many different video interviews.
** output: A compelling modern person for your &quot;Method development&quot; section is Taylor Swift. She is a modern icon who appears in countless video interviews and can be tied directly to the word &quot;draft&quot; through her creative process and public statements.

=== Reference 2 ===

Making an own Wiki-section is what might work better.

* human input to &quot;AI Mode&quot; on April 27, 2026: So the individuals that participate in the 'sociological' hypothesis experiment will interact through the tool known as &quot;Etherpad&quot;.
** &quot;AI Mode&quot; output same date: {{quote|That is a great choice for a study because Etherpad produces a literal &quot;paper trail&quot; of the interaction. Since it's a collaborative text editor, you can track rapport through the digital footprint of how people type together.
When you are ready to send your full idea, we can look at measuring rapport in Etherpad through things like:

* Synchronicity: How often they type at the exact same time.
* Editing behavior: Do they delete each other's work or build upon it?
* Chat usage: How much they use the side-bar chat versus the main document.

I'll keep it brief as requested. Standing by for your signal.}}</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;what is the human biology?  ~~~~&quot;</comment>
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[[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-25738-82|&amp;#126;2026-25738-82]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-25738-82|talk]]) 13:41, 27 April 2026 (UTC)</text>
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== Licensing ==
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== Licensing ==
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== Licensing ==
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      <comment>Created a page for my paper on Wikiversity</comment>
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      <text bytes="10383" sha1="rvb0d86ac6rnqk55gs8kcr9fio3f4cu" xml:space="preserve">== Effects of the Gifted Label on Students ==
There are many different classifications and labels with which educators categorize students. Educators usually classify students as on-level, below-level, and gifted. Of these labels, using the “gifted” label has many different impacts and effects on the student who has received that label. There are many stresses, pressures, and expectations that students will experience from being put with the gifted classification.

I chose to research this topic as I am interested in teaching gifted students and AP classes as a secondary teacher. Also, I know that I personally experienced pressures as a “gifted” student, so I am curious to research and discover what other high school “gifted” students experience. I also wanted to explore what experts who have completed extensive research have to report on the pressures, expectations, and experiences that students have as a result of being labeled as a “gifted student”.

There are specific characteristics that educators look for when selecting students to be added to the gifted category, label, or program at the school. There are eight parts of students’ mathematical thinking and problem solving skills that educators are interested in, ranging from how fast they can reason with a problem, if they look at the mathematical structure of a problem, being flexible, and being able to reason abstractly (Heid, 1983). Educators will take notice of the students that show these eight qualities, and they will then be more likely to put these students with the gifted group.

Educators can select students that they believe fit the gifted category of students. When the students are selected as being gifted, there are some biases that students are exposed to. One of the biggest biases that people acknowledge as impacting students is a gender bias from educators to select males as gifted students (Kissane, 1986). Students can be made aware of this bias, and they can then doubt their own eligibility as a gifted student. As a result, boys may think that they were unfairly selected, and girls may think that they were overlooked. This is a source of mental strain on the students, which is one negative effect of the gifted label on students.

There’s another source of bias against the selection of certain students for the gifted label. Students that are in a minority group or are disadvantaged are less likely to be selected as gifted students (Dixson, 2022). This makes the gifted program and label much less fair as a result of the racism, financial discrimination, and gender discrimination that was talked about previously. These aspects of the selection process for the gifted label have formed a negative environment in classrooms that students can feel, experience, and are negatively affected by. In short, this negative atmosphere is formed by the gifted label, which is another way that the students are negatively affected by the gifted label.

           Students that are given the gifted label face other challenges, either from the educator or from the student themselves. Educators can place higher expectations on these students that they may not be able to meet, and these students may then start to compare themselves to other students, and they may start over-thinking their decisions (Klimecká, 2023). All of this stems from the student being given the “gifted” label. From this, it’s clear that gifted students are caught in a struggle between the expectations that others have for them and the expectations that they have for themselves. This struggle is not good for their mental health, and it’s apparent that the “gifted” label is a source of stress for these students.

Since gifted students are labeled as being different from the other students in the classroom, educators are pushed to give the gifted students work that is different than the work for the other students in the class. The problems given to the gifted students are not just harder or larger in quantity for an assignment, and the problems are instead selected or reworked to be more cognitively demanding, keep these students engaged, and to challenge them (Chval &amp; Davis, 2008).  This difference in work shows how gifted students are being held to different expectations, where students are expected to complete more challenging and abstract. This means that these students are constantly being pushed to work harder, and they are expected to be able to complete the challenging work as they are just seen as being “gifted”.

As explored previously, gifted students need differentiated assignments in order to be challenged and to be able to think creatively, and one type of assignment that is a good fit for gifted students in this respect is a project. Project-based learning in combination with asking purposeful questions, challenging the students, allowing the students to go in-depth with their work, using the problem solving process, and making sure that the problems are fitting a real-world context, mindful, and socially relevant are all parts of making sure that the gifted student can think creatively. Furthermore, the gifted students need to be taught with content-based learning and in an environment that allows them to focus and think creatively (Ngiamsunthorn, 2020). With this in mind, it’s obvious that gifted students have a lot of considerations for their instruction, but this also shows that gifted students need many more layers and intricacies to their instruction and assignments than other students do. This will put stress on the students with the gifted label as they will have to work with more challenging and deep problems with the problem-solving process, which means that the student will have to work hard, stay focused, and think creatively for their assignments. This will also put stress on the students if they are struggling and can’t solve their problems. This can ultimately have a positive or negative effect on the gifted students as they realize they’re different from the other students in the class. The students could either appreciate the fact that they’re completing harder and more challenging work than the other students, or they could get upset by the fact that they’re being treated differently than the other students in the class and feel different in a negative way.

There have been three arguments formed over the course of this paper, and they should be highlighted. To start, the gifted label has negative effects on students through the selection process. The gifted label is assigned to students through a process that is supposed to be unbiased, but it is impacted by racism, financial discrimination, and gender discrimination. This negatively impacts students as they can be made aware of these biases and start to doubt whether they were fairly put in the gifted program or that they were unfairly overlooked.

Next, the gifted label negatively affects the students’ mental health through expectations put on the students. Educators expect the students to complete challenging coursework, and gifted students also expect themselves to complete their work. When gifted students feel like the expectations put on them aren’t being met by struggling with the material, this can put a strain on the students’ mental health. Students with the gifted label may also start to overthink their own decisions, which can be another source of mental strain.

Finally, the gifted label makes students aware of their differences to the other students in the classroom, which affects the gifted students. The gifted students will become aware of the fact that they have been given different, more challenging work than the other on-level students. In combination with the fact that their work is often deeper and more challenging, students with the gifted label will get a sense that they are different from other students in the class. This can end up being a positive or negative effect on the students as students with the gifted label will either take pride in being different from the other students or feel ostracized from the rest of the students in the class.

The research I have done and the arguments that I have made will impact how I teach my classroom. Students with the gifted label will need to be challenged and will need to be able to explore their thinking and creativity. Through my research, this differentiation may have negative effects on the gifted students, but it is needed to ensure that these students are engaged with the assignments as assignments that are too easy or not relevant will not keep these students engaged, which will negatively impact the amount of material that they will learn. In order to mitigate some of the negative effects of the gifted label, I will remind my students that one of my expectations for them is that they will try their best, and I will attempt to make sure that the gifted students have realistic expectations for themselves. In addition, if I am ever in a position to select students for the gifted label, my selection process will be free from the biases of racism, gender discrimination, and financial discrimination, and I will focus on the eight characteristics of the gifted student.  

=== Works Cited: ===
Chval, K. B., &amp; Davis, J. A. (2008). The gifted student. ''Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School'', ''14''(5), 267–274, 10720839

Dixson, D. D. (2022). Moving beyond the Gifted Label in Gifted Education: An Equity Perspective. ''Gifted Education International'', ''38''(3), 425–430. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1177/02614294211065217&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Eva Klimecká. (2023). Advantages and Disadvantages of Being “Gifted”: Perceptions of the Label by Gifted Pupils. ''Research Papers in Education'', ''38''(6), 902–923. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2022.2065523&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Heid, M. K. (1983). Characteristics and special needs of the gifted student in mathematics. ''The Mathematics Teacher'', ''76''(4), 221–226, 00255769

Kissane, B. V. (1986). Selection of Mathematically Talented Students. ''Educational Studies in Mathematics'', ''17''(3), 221–241, 00131954

Parinya Sa Ngiamsunthorn. (2020). Promoting creative thinking for gifted students in undergraduate mathematics. ''Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education'', ''5''(1), 13–2, 10.23917</text>
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      <text bytes="10478" sha1="9r9xg0fkcmzvzonfey9tgbswl7kn1py" xml:space="preserve">== Effects of the Gifted Label on Students ==

=== Introduction ===
There are many different classifications and labels with which educators categorize students. Educators usually classify students as on-level, below-level, and gifted. Of these labels, using the “gifted” label has many different impacts and effects on the student who has received that label. There are many stresses, pressures, and expectations that students will experience from being put with the gifted classification.

I chose to research this topic as I am interested in teaching gifted students and AP classes as a secondary teacher. Also, I know that I personally experienced pressures as a “gifted” student, so I am curious to research and discover what other high school “gifted” students experience. I also wanted to explore what experts who have completed extensive research have to report on the pressures, expectations, and experiences that students have as a result of being labeled as a “gifted student”.

=== The Research and Arguments ===
There are specific characteristics that educators look for when selecting students to be added to the gifted category, label, or program at the school. There are eight parts of students’ mathematical thinking and problem solving skills that educators are interested in, ranging from how fast they can reason with a problem, if they look at the mathematical structure of a problem, being flexible, and being able to reason abstractly (Heid, 1983). Educators will take notice of the students that show these eight qualities, and they will then be more likely to put these students with the gifted group.

Educators can select students that they believe fit the gifted category of students. When the students are selected as being gifted, there are some biases that students are exposed to. One of the biggest biases that people acknowledge as impacting students is a gender bias from educators to select males as gifted students (Kissane, 1986). Students can be made aware of this bias, and they can then doubt their own eligibility as a gifted student. As a result, boys may think that they were unfairly selected, and girls may think that they were overlooked. This is a source of mental strain on the students, which is one negative effect of the gifted label on students.

There’s another source of bias against the selection of certain students for the gifted label. Students that are in a minority group or are disadvantaged are less likely to be selected as gifted students (Dixson, 2022). This makes the gifted program and label much less fair as a result of the racism, financial discrimination, and gender discrimination that was talked about previously. These aspects of the selection process for the gifted label have formed a negative environment in classrooms that students can feel, experience, and are negatively affected by. In short, this negative atmosphere is formed by the gifted label, which is another way that the students are negatively affected by the gifted label.

           Students that are given the gifted label face other challenges, either from the educator or from the student themselves. Educators can place higher expectations on these students that they may not be able to meet, and these students may then start to compare themselves to other students, and they may start over-thinking their decisions (Klimecká, 2023). All of this stems from the student being given the “gifted” label. From this, it’s clear that gifted students are caught in a struggle between the expectations that others have for them and the expectations that they have for themselves. This struggle is not good for their mental health, and it’s apparent that the “gifted” label is a source of stress for these students.

Since gifted students are labeled as being different from the other students in the classroom, educators are pushed to give the gifted students work that is different than the work for the other students in the class. The problems given to the gifted students are not just harder or larger in quantity for an assignment, and the problems are instead selected or reworked to be more cognitively demanding, keep these students engaged, and to challenge them (Chval &amp; Davis, 2008).  This difference in work shows how gifted students are being held to different expectations, where students are expected to complete more challenging and abstract. This means that these students are constantly being pushed to work harder, and they are expected to be able to complete the challenging work as they are just seen as being “gifted”.

As explored previously, gifted students need differentiated assignments in order to be challenged and to be able to think creatively, and one type of assignment that is a good fit for gifted students in this respect is a project. Project-based learning in combination with asking purposeful questions, challenging the students, allowing the students to go in-depth with their work, using the problem solving process, and making sure that the problems are fitting a real-world context, mindful, and socially relevant are all parts of making sure that the gifted student can think creatively. Furthermore, the gifted students need to be taught with content-based learning and in an environment that allows them to focus and think creatively (Ngiamsunthorn, 2020). With this in mind, it’s obvious that gifted students have a lot of considerations for their instruction, but this also shows that gifted students need many more layers and intricacies to their instruction and assignments than other students do. This will put stress on the students with the gifted label as they will have to work with more challenging and deep problems with the problem-solving process, which means that the student will have to work hard, stay focused, and think creatively for their assignments. This will also put stress on the students if they are struggling and can’t solve their problems. This can ultimately have a positive or negative effect on the gifted students as they realize they’re different from the other students in the class. The students could either appreciate the fact that they’re completing harder and more challenging work than the other students, or they could get upset by the fact that they’re being treated differently than the other students in the class and feel different in a negative way.

=== The Three Arguments Revisited ===
There have been three arguments formed over the course of this paper, and they should be highlighted. To start, the gifted label has negative effects on students through the selection process. The gifted label is assigned to students through a process that is supposed to be unbiased, but it is impacted by racism, financial discrimination, and gender discrimination. This negatively impacts students as they can be made aware of these biases and start to doubt whether they were fairly put in the gifted program or that they were unfairly overlooked.

Next, the gifted label negatively affects the students’ mental health through expectations put on the students. Educators expect the students to complete challenging coursework, and gifted students also expect themselves to complete their work. When gifted students feel like the expectations put on them aren’t being met by struggling with the material, this can put a strain on the students’ mental health. Students with the gifted label may also start to overthink their own decisions, which can be another source of mental strain.

Finally, the gifted label makes students aware of their differences to the other students in the classroom, which affects the gifted students. The gifted students will become aware of the fact that they have been given different, more challenging work than the other on-level students. In combination with the fact that their work is often deeper and more challenging, students with the gifted label will get a sense that they are different from other students in the class. This can end up being a positive or negative effect on the students as students with the gifted label will either take pride in being different from the other students or feel ostracized from the rest of the students in the class.

The research I have done and the arguments that I have made will impact how I teach my classroom. Students with the gifted label will need to be challenged and will need to be able to explore their thinking and creativity. Through my research, this differentiation may have negative effects on the gifted students, but it is needed to ensure that these students are engaged with the assignments as assignments that are too easy or not relevant will not keep these students engaged, which will negatively impact the amount of material that they will learn. In order to mitigate some of the negative effects of the gifted label, I will remind my students that one of my expectations for them is that they will try their best, and I will attempt to make sure that the gifted students have realistic expectations for themselves. In addition, if I am ever in a position to select students for the gifted label, my selection process will be free from the biases of racism, gender discrimination, and financial discrimination, and I will focus on the eight characteristics of the gifted student.  

=== Works Cited: ===
Chval, K. B., &amp; Davis, J. A. (2008). The gifted student. ''Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School'', ''14''(5), 267–274, 10720839

Dixson, D. D. (2022). Moving beyond the Gifted Label in Gifted Education: An Equity Perspective. ''Gifted Education International'', ''38''(3), 425–430. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1177/02614294211065217&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Eva Klimecká. (2023). Advantages and Disadvantages of Being “Gifted”: Perceptions of the Label by Gifted Pupils. ''Research Papers in Education'', ''38''(6), 902–923. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2022.2065523&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Heid, M. K. (1983). Characteristics and special needs of the gifted student in mathematics. ''The Mathematics Teacher'', ''76''(4), 221–226, 00255769

Kissane, B. V. (1986). Selection of Mathematically Talented Students. ''Educational Studies in Mathematics'', ''17''(3), 221–241, 00131954

Parinya Sa Ngiamsunthorn. (2020). Promoting creative thinking for gifted students in undergraduate mathematics. ''Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education'', ''5''(1), 13–2, 10.23917</text>
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== Effects of the Gifted Label on Students ==

=== Introduction ===
There are many different classifications and labels with which educators categorize students. Educators usually classify students as on-level, below-level, and gifted. Of these labels, using the “gifted” label has many different impacts and effects on the student who has received that label. There are many stresses, pressures, and expectations that students will experience from being put with the gifted classification.

I chose to research this topic as I am interested in teaching gifted students and AP classes as a secondary teacher. Also, I know that I personally experienced pressures as a “gifted” student, so I am curious to research and discover what other high school “gifted” students experience. I also wanted to explore what experts who have completed extensive research have to report on the pressures, expectations, and experiences that students have as a result of being labeled as a “gifted student”.

=== The Research and Arguments ===
There are specific characteristics that educators look for when selecting students to be added to the gifted category, label, or program at the school. There are eight parts of students’ mathematical thinking and problem solving skills that educators are interested in, ranging from how fast they can reason with a problem, if they look at the mathematical structure of a problem, being flexible, and being able to reason abstractly (Heid, 1983). Educators will take notice of the students that show these eight qualities, and they will then be more likely to put these students with the gifted group.

Educators can select students that they believe fit the gifted category of students. When the students are selected as being gifted, there are some biases that students are exposed to. One of the biggest biases that people acknowledge as impacting students is a gender bias from educators to select males as gifted students (Kissane, 1986). Students can be made aware of this bias, and they can then doubt their own eligibility as a gifted student. As a result, boys may think that they were unfairly selected, and girls may think that they were overlooked. This is a source of mental strain on the students, which is one negative effect of the gifted label on students.

There’s another source of bias against the selection of certain students for the gifted label. Students that are in a minority group or are disadvantaged are less likely to be selected as gifted students (Dixson, 2022). This makes the gifted program and label much less fair as a result of the racism, financial discrimination, and gender discrimination that was talked about previously. These aspects of the selection process for the gifted label have formed a negative environment in classrooms that students can feel, experience, and are negatively affected by. In short, this negative atmosphere is formed by the gifted label, which is another way that the students are negatively affected by the gifted label.

           Students that are given the gifted label face other challenges, either from the educator or from the student themselves. Educators can place higher expectations on these students that they may not be able to meet, and these students may then start to compare themselves to other students, and they may start over-thinking their decisions (Klimecká, 2023). All of this stems from the student being given the “gifted” label. From this, it’s clear that gifted students are caught in a struggle between the expectations that others have for them and the expectations that they have for themselves. This struggle is not good for their mental health, and it’s apparent that the “gifted” label is a source of stress for these students.

Since gifted students are labeled as being different from the other students in the classroom, educators are pushed to give the gifted students work that is different than the work for the other students in the class. The problems given to the gifted students are not just harder or larger in quantity for an assignment, and the problems are instead selected or reworked to be more cognitively demanding, keep these students engaged, and to challenge them (Chval &amp; Davis, 2008).  This difference in work shows how gifted students are being held to different expectations, where students are expected to complete more challenging and abstract. This means that these students are constantly being pushed to work harder, and they are expected to be able to complete the challenging work as they are just seen as being “gifted”.

As explored previously, gifted students need differentiated assignments in order to be challenged and to be able to think creatively, and one type of assignment that is a good fit for gifted students in this respect is a project. Project-based learning in combination with asking purposeful questions, challenging the students, allowing the students to go in-depth with their work, using the problem solving process, and making sure that the problems are fitting a real-world context, mindful, and socially relevant are all parts of making sure that the gifted student can think creatively. Furthermore, the gifted students need to be taught with content-based learning and in an environment that allows them to focus and think creatively (Ngiamsunthorn, 2020). With this in mind, it’s obvious that gifted students have a lot of considerations for their instruction, but this also shows that gifted students need many more layers and intricacies to their instruction and assignments than other students do. This will put stress on the students with the gifted label as they will have to work with more challenging and deep problems with the problem-solving process, which means that the student will have to work hard, stay focused, and think creatively for their assignments. This will also put stress on the students if they are struggling and can’t solve their problems. This can ultimately have a positive or negative effect on the gifted students as they realize they’re different from the other students in the class. The students could either appreciate the fact that they’re completing harder and more challenging work than the other students, or they could get upset by the fact that they’re being treated differently than the other students in the class and feel different in a negative way.

=== The Three Arguments Revisited ===
There have been three arguments formed over the course of this paper, and they should be highlighted. To start, the gifted label has negative effects on students through the selection process. The gifted label is assigned to students through a process that is supposed to be unbiased, but it is impacted by racism, financial discrimination, and gender discrimination. This negatively impacts students as they can be made aware of these biases and start to doubt whether they were fairly put in the gifted program or that they were unfairly overlooked.

Next, the gifted label negatively affects the students’ mental health through expectations put on the students. Educators expect the students to complete challenging coursework, and gifted students also expect themselves to complete their work. When gifted students feel like the expectations put on them aren’t being met by struggling with the material, this can put a strain on the students’ mental health. Students with the gifted label may also start to overthink their own decisions, which can be another source of mental strain.

Finally, the gifted label makes students aware of their differences to the other students in the classroom, which affects the gifted students. The gifted students will become aware of the fact that they have been given different, more challenging work than the other on-level students. In combination with the fact that their work is often deeper and more challenging, students with the gifted label will get a sense that they are different from other students in the class. This can end up being a positive or negative effect on the students as students with the gifted label will either take pride in being different from the other students or feel ostracized from the rest of the students in the class.

The research I have done and the arguments that I have made will impact how I teach my classroom. Students with the gifted label will need to be challenged and will need to be able to explore their thinking and creativity. Through my research, this differentiation may have negative effects on the gifted students, but it is needed to ensure that these students are engaged with the assignments as assignments that are too easy or not relevant will not keep these students engaged, which will negatively impact the amount of material that they will learn. In order to mitigate some of the negative effects of the gifted label, I will remind my students that one of my expectations for them is that they will try their best, and I will attempt to make sure that the gifted students have realistic expectations for themselves. In addition, if I am ever in a position to select students for the gifted label, my selection process will be free from the biases of racism, gender discrimination, and financial discrimination, and I will focus on the eight characteristics of the gifted student.  

=== Works Cited: ===
Chval, K. B., &amp; Davis, J. A. (2008). The gifted student. ''Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School'', ''14''(5), 267–274, 10720839

Dixson, D. D. (2022). Moving beyond the Gifted Label in Gifted Education: An Equity Perspective. ''Gifted Education International'', ''38''(3), 425–430. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1177/02614294211065217&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Eva Klimecká. (2023). Advantages and Disadvantages of Being “Gifted”: Perceptions of the Label by Gifted Pupils. ''Research Papers in Education'', ''38''(6), 902–923. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2022.2065523&lt;/nowiki&gt;

Heid, M. K. (1983). Characteristics and special needs of the gifted student in mathematics. ''The Mathematics Teacher'', ''76''(4), 221–226, 00255769

Kissane, B. V. (1986). Selection of Mathematically Talented Students. ''Educational Studies in Mathematics'', ''17''(3), 221–241, 00131954

Parinya Sa Ngiamsunthorn. (2020). Promoting creative thinking for gifted students in undergraduate mathematics. ''Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education'', ''5''(1), 13–2, 10.23917</text>
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      <text bytes="2310" sha1="45qpkvmmuuw7pazkpxhc6q2ab25tfpd" xml:space="preserve">==Welcome==
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      <text bytes="10308" sha1="79bomc0ym6lplo3jaf8lelohx4g2crs" xml:space="preserve">:''This discusses a 2026-05-06 interview with [[w:Yael Eisenstat|Yael Eisenstat]] about how for-profit Internet companies harm children and threaten democracy. A video and 29:00 mm:ss podcast excerpted from the interview will be added when available. The podcast will be released 2026-05-16 to the fortnightly &quot;Media &amp; Democracy&quot; show&lt;ref name=M&amp;D&gt;&lt;!--Media &amp; Democracy--&gt;{{cite Q|Q127839818}}&lt;/ref&gt; syndicated for the [[w:Pacifica Foundation|Pacifica Radio]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Pacifica Radio Network--&gt;{{cite Q|Q2045587}}&lt;/ref&gt; Network of [[w:List of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates|over 200 community radio stations]].''&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--list of Pacifica Radio stations and affiliates--&gt;{{cite Q|Q6593294}}&lt;/ref&gt;

:''It is posted here to invite others to contribute other perspectives, subject to the Wikimedia rules of [[w:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|writing from a neutral point of view]] while [[w:Wikipedia:Citing sources|citing credible sources]]&lt;ref name=NPOV&gt;The rules of writing from a neutral point of view citing credible sources may not be enforced on other parts of Wikiversity. However, they can facilitate dialog between people with dramatically different beliefs&lt;/ref&gt; and treating others with respect.''&lt;ref name=AGF&gt;[[Wikiversity:Assume good faith|Wikiversity asks contributors to assume good faith]], similar to Wikipedia. The rule in [[w:Wikinews|Wikinews]] is different: Contributors there are asked to [[Wikinews:Never assume|&quot;Don't assume things; be skeptical about everything.&quot;]] That's wise. However, we should still treat others with respect while being skeptical.&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!--[[File:2026-05-06 interview with Yaël Eisenstat.WebM|thumb|2026-05-06 interview with Yaël Eisenstat about how for-profit Internet companies harm children and threaten democracy.]]--&gt; 
&lt;!--[[File:2026-05-06 interview with Yaël Eisenstat.ogg|thumb|29:00 mm:ss excerpts from a 2026-05-06 interview with Yaël Eisenstat about how for-profit Internet companies harm children and threaten democracy.]]--&gt;

[[w:Yaël Eisenstat|Yaël Eisenstat]] discusses how for-profit Internet companies harm children and threaten democracy. Eisenstat is currently&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Yael Eisenstat--&gt;{{cite Q|Q82046593}}&lt;/ref&gt; the Director of Policy and Impact at Cybersecurity for Democracy(C4D),&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--Cybersecurity for Democracy--&gt;{{cite Q|Q139568543}}&lt;/ref&gt; working on policy solutions for how to hold social media and other online platforms accountable for their effects on public safety and democracy. Previously, she was Vice President at the [[w:Anti-Defamation League|Anti-Defamation League]] (ADL) Center for Technology &amp; Society (CTS) and held other other positions protecting democracy including as an intelligence officer, diplomat, and White House advisor.  C4D contributed to the recent March 24 and 25, 2026, jury verdicts in civil cases against Internet companies in [[w:New Mexico|New Mexico]] and [[w:California|California]].&lt;ref&gt;McQue (2026), Allyn (2026), &lt;!--C4D and the Courts: Meta Guilty Verdicts--&gt;{{cite Q|Q139572464}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

Eisenstat is interviewed by Spencer Graves.&lt;ref name=Graves&gt;&lt;!--Spencer Graves--&gt;{{cite Q|Q56452480}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Eisenstat's work == 

Eisenstat's work includes a [[w:TED (conference)|TED Talk]] and an [[w:South by Southwest|SXSW panel]] in 2020 and a 2024 Tech platforms and political violence. 

=== 2020 TED talk === 

In Eisenstat's (2020) TED talk, she said that around 2015 she began to notice that she was losing the ability to engage with others who were thought differently. Conversations with others in the US were becoming more difficult than conversations she had had as a CIA officer and diplomat drinking tea and talking with outspoken anti-Western clerics and suspected terrorists in Africa. Many of those engagements began with mutual suspicion but none degenerated into shouting or insults. In some cases she built collaboration on areas of mutual interest. Her most powerful tools were to listen, learn and build empathy. Most of her contacts wanted to feel heard, validated and respected. But social media companies like [[w:Facebook|Facebook]] incentivize inflammatory content contributing to a culture of political polarization and mistrust. This generates revenue for Facebook and similar companies that make money from clicks, &quot;because the shortest path to a click is anger or hate&quot;, in the words of [[Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen says|Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen]], interviewed 2024-08-19 for this Media &amp; Democracy series. When Facebook asked Eisenstat in 2018 to lead their work to support global elections integrity for political ads, she agreed. She left six months later, speaking openly about Facebook's inability to meet its responsibility to secure elections, subsequently documented, e.g., in the thousands of internal Facebook documents that [[w:Frances Haugen|Haugen]] released to the [[w:Securities and Exchange Commission|Securities and Exchange Commission]] and ''[[w:The Wall Street Journal|The Wall Street Journal]]'' in 2021.

=== 2020 SXSW panel === 

Eisenstat was part of a &quot;panel about the Future of Tech Responsibility&quot; for the 2020 [[w:South by Southwest|South by Southwest]] festival. The festival was cancelled due to COVID-19, but the panel was held virtually. This panel included a discussion of [[w:Section 230|Section 230]] of the [[w:Communications Act of 1934|Communications Act of 1934]], as amended by the [[w:Communications Decency Act|Communications Decency Act]] of 1996.&lt;ref&gt;Reid (2020).&lt;/ref&gt; It was &quot;written before platforms such as [[w:Facebook|Facebook]], [[w:YouTube|YouTube]] and [[w:X (social network)|Twitter]] existed&quot; -- written while [[w:Google|Google]] was a research project by [[w:Stanford University|Stanford]] [[w:Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] students [[w:Larry Page|Larry Page]] and [[w:Sergey Brin|Sergey Brin]]. Section 230 includes, &quot;No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;!--47 U.S. Code § 230 - Protection for private blocking and screening of offensive material--&gt;{{cite Q|Q139570261}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eisenstat says that it's time to revisit Section 230, to demand accountability where Internet companies promote or suppress information based on the content while protecting web freedom otherwise. This is similar to the [[Dean Baker on Internet companies threatening democracy internationally and how to fix that|recommendations of]] [[w:Dean Baker|Dean Baker]] that when Internet companies make money by promoting information differentially based on content, they should be liable as are legacy media under the US Supreme Court decision in ''[[w:New York Times Co. v. Sullivan|NYT v. Sullivan]]'' (1964). In other cases, they should be treated as [[w:Common carrier|common carrier]]s like telephone companies. 

=== 2024: Tech platforms and political violence === 

More recently, Eisenstat et al. (2024a, b) are insisting that, &quot;Tech Platforms Must Do More to Avoid Contributing to Potential Political Violence&quot;. ''The New York Times'' had reported that, &quot;a steady undercurrent of violence and physical risk has become a new normal,&quot; particularly targeting public officials and democratic institutions. A survey from the Brennan Center found that 38% of election officials have experienced violent threats. They attributed these threats primarily to tech platforms and gave seven recommendations in four themes &quot;congruent with any number of papers that academics and civil society leaders have published over the years.&quot; They said that platforms 
* must develop robust standards for threat assessment and engage in scenario planning, crisis training, and engagement with external stakeholders, with as much transparency as possible.
* should enforce clear and actionable content moderation policies that address election integrity.
* should enforce their rules uniformly, not exempting politicians and other political influencers. 
* must clearly explain important content moderation decisions, ensuring transparency especially when it comes to high profile accounts.

They hope that increasing demands for accountability will prompt platforms to act more responsibly and prioritize the risk of political violence both in the United States and abroad. 

== The need for media reform to improve democracy == 

This article is part of [[:category:Media reform to improve democracy]]. A summary of episodes to 2025-11-15 is available in [[Media &amp; Democracy lessons for the future]]. 

==Discussion ==

:''[Interested readers are invite to comment here, subject to the Wikimedia rules of [[w:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|writing from a neutral point of view]] [[w:Wikipedia:Citing sources|citing credible sources]]&lt;ref name=NPOV/&gt; and treating others with respect.&lt;ref name=AGF/&gt;]''

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

* &lt;!--Bobby Allyn (2026-03-25) &quot;Jury finds Meta and Google negligent in social media harms trial--&gt;{{cite Q|Q139572103}}
* &lt;!--Yaël Eisenstat (2020-08) &quot;Dear Facebook, this is how you're breaking democracy&quot;--&gt;{{cite Q|Q138844363}}
* &lt;!--Yaël Eisenstat (2021) &quot;Section 230 Revisited: Web Freedom vs Accountability--&gt;{{cite Q|Q139568755|date=2021}}
* &lt;!-- Yaël Eisenstat, Justin Hendrix, and Daniel Kreiss (2024-05-22, 2024a) &quot;
Preventing Tech-Fueled Political Violence: What online platforms can do to ensure that they do not contribute to election-related violence&quot;, The Bulletin of Technology &amp; Public Life--&gt;{{cite Q|Q139571027|date=2024a}} 
* &lt;!-- Yaël Eisenstat, Justin Hendrix, and Daniel Kreiss (2024-05-22, 2024b) &quot;
Tech Platforms Must Do More to Avoid Contributing to Potential Political Violence
&quot;, Tech Policy Press and Just Security--&gt;{{cite Q|Q139571163}}
* &lt;!--Katie McQue (2026-04-24) &quot; Meta ordered to pay $375m after being found liable in child exploitation case--&gt;{{cite Q|Q139572337}}
* &lt;!--Blake E. Reid (2020-09-04) &quot;Section 230 of… what?--&gt;{{cite Q|Q139570229}} 

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[[Category:News]]
[[Category:Democracy]]
[[Category:Suicide]]
[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Google]]
[[Category:Internet]]
[[Category:Social media]]
[[Category:Media reform to improve democracy]]
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==1. Introduction==

[[file:example image.png|thumb|left
| Image caption text goes here
(attribution: name of image creator, [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en CC-BY 3.0])
]]

'χξϛ'. I asked an AI chatbot how people of the Greek-speaking world wrote the number 666 in New Testament times, and that was what it said. I knew that, of course, but I really wanted to ask the next question about what I had been taught many years ago, that χξϛ was Satan's visual parody of the title of God’s Messiah, looking like χριστος on the outside but ξ (with its snake-like appearance) replacing everything in the middle between the two outer letters. I have wondered why I never come across it in any commentaries or dictionaries I consult, except perhaps in a few places on the internet. I asked the AI to evaluate the idea, and this is what it said:&lt;blockquote&gt;You’re not alone in noticing the visual resemblance between χξϛ (666) and χριστός (Christos, 'Christ') in Greek.… From a literary-symbolic standpoint, it’s an interesting idea.… However, this visual-letterplay interpretation is speculative and post hoc — there’s no strong evidence that early readers or the author intended the shape or graphic similarity of the letters to carry symbolic meaning. Greek readers were trained to read by sound and meaning, not by visually analysing the shape of words as we might today in a world of logos and brands.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://chatgpt.com/share/681a24c3-0dbc-8012-9caa-aa81652de95a|title=Greek Numerals 666|last=ChatGPT|first=chatbot|date=8 May 2025|website=ChatGPT}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;This got me thinking. Is it true that this visual interpretation is 'speculative and post hoc'? Is there really no evidence to consider?

The number 666 in Revelation 13:18 has been interpreted traditionally through the lens of gematria, usually proposing to link it to Nero Caesar or θηρίον (thērion, beast), while 'it has also been thought a parody on the divine number, seven, given Revelation’s use of seven and given other demonic parodies of the divine in Revelation'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=IVP Cultural Background Commentary (electronic edition for Olive Tree Bible software)|last=Keener|first=Craig S.|publisher=InterVarsity Press|year=2014|location=Downers Grove, IL}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/why-is-the-number-of-the-beast-666/|title=Why Is the Number of the Beast 666?|last=Beale|first=G. K.|date=11 Feb. 2011|website=The Gospel Coalition}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another proposal has been made to interpret the number visually by taking χξϛ as seemingly consisting of 'the initial and final letters of the word Xριστος (Christos), Christ, … with the symbol of the serpent between them'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://levendwater.org/books/numbers/number_in_scripture_bullinger.pdf|title=Number in Scripture: Its Supernatural Design and Spiritual Significance, 4th ed. PDF file, (London: Eyre &amp; Spottiswoode Ltd., 1921), p. 49|last=Bullinger|first=E. W.|date=1921}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yet, it does not appear to have received as a credible option. This study proposes that there is adequate evidence from the context, both literary and historical, for interpreting χξϛ as a visual symbol and that taking the visual appearance of χξϛ as a layer of its symbolic meaning is neither speculative nor post hoc but will add to our understanding of what John saw.

== 2. Examining the Text in its Literary Context ==

The number χξϛ is found in Revelation 13, where John continues to narrate a vision he saw. It is a 'mark' which John saw the people who worshipped the beast receive on their right hands or foreheads. As they received it to bear on their body, it must have meant something to them, but what did it mean to them? John understood it, and as he described it, he expected his readers in Asia Minor to understand it also. For us today, our goal must be to establish the perception of the mark which first existed in the minds of those who received it, and the method for that is by analysing how the mark functioned in the scene of the vision as John reports it.

=== 2.1 Visual Nature of Revelation and of the Mark ===
Revelation finds itself in the Jewish apocalyptic tradition, characterised by imagery and symbolism. It opens by identifying itself as 'the revelation from Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must soon take place' (1:1). John saw 'a door standing open in heaven' (4:1) and again 'heaven standing open' (19:11). The repeated invitation, 'Come…, I will show you…' (4:1; 17:1; 21:9), led John to report many things he saw. Thus, what John wrote to convey is fundamentally visual in nature. The Apocalypse, therefore, is not just a documented text of heard words but a documentary report of seen visions. It is a literary description of prophetic visions that are rich in imagery from the Hebrew Scriptures. 

In particular, χξϛ was the mark of the beast, i.e. a visual symbol of allegiance to be seen on the body of those who worshipped the beast. In the context of the whole story of Revelation, it is apparent that this was Satan's mimicry of God's sealing (i.e. marking) of his servants (7:3). Also, against the whole story of the Bible, it can be seen as a mimicry of the Jewish practice of visible demonstration of their allegiance to God (cf. Deut. 6:8). The visual nature of the mark, its function and its literary context suggests the importance of how χξϛ looked, i.e. its visual appearance to human eyes. 

=== 2.2 Visual Form of ΧΞϚ and its Function as Pictogram ===
The mark of the beast was the name of the beast, which was in turn the number of the name, and this number was 666. In the text of the latest edition of the Greek New Testament by the United Bible Societies, this number is written out fully in words as 'ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Greek New Testament, Fifth Revised Edition|last=ed. by Aland|first=Barbara (and others)|publisher=United Bible Societies|year=2014|location=Stuttgart}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the Greek New Testament by Tyndale House makes a different choice, because the earliest manuscript witness (Papyrus 47 or P47, from mid-third century) shows that the number was written in an abbreviated form in ancient times.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Greek New Testament|last=ed. by Jongkind|first=Dirk (and others)|publisher=Tyndale House|year=2017|location=Cainmbridge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2.2.1 Greek Numeral System ====
Today in English, numbers are commonly written using Arabic numerals, like 666, as a kind of shorthand notation, rather than writing fully in words, like 'six hundred and sixty-six'. The same was true in ancient Greek, except that they used letters from the Greek alphabet as numerals rather than the Arabic numerals, which incidentally should probably be described more accurately as Hindu-Arabic numerals, as they first developed in India before becoming adopted into the Arabic system around the seventh century or some time before that.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabic_numerals&amp;oldid=1296826253|title=Arabic numerals|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=22 June 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopeida}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system&amp;oldid=1264812857|title=History of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system|last=Wikipedia contributors,|date=23 December 2024|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopeida}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Greek system is the first attested alphabetic numeral system in the world, dating back to the sixth century BC, and called Ionic or Milesian because of its origin in west Asia Minor around Miletus in Ionia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alphabetic_numeral_system&amp;oldid=1222860822|title=Alphabetic numeral system|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=8 May 2024|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; This numeral system continued to be used in Asia Minor well into the Roman period, which is directly relevant for the present study of Revelation, and these numerals were marked by a line above them (overline or overbar) to distinguish them from normal letters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&amp;oldid=1295786959|title=Greek numerals|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=15 June 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ΧΞϚ (with overline) is how the number appears in early manuscripts. Each of the three Greek letters employed to represent the number 666 had their numerical values as shown in Table 1 below:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table 1: Numerical Values of ΧΞϚ
!Letter
!Letter Name
!Numerical Value
|-
|Χ
|chi
|600
|-
|Ξ
|xi
|60
|-
|Ϛ
|stigma
|6
|}
Yet. it is their visual forms that need our particular attention, because the number was a visual symbol to be seen on the openly visible parts of the body of the beast-followers.

==== 2.2.2 Handwritten Form in Majuscule ====
At this point, it is important to note that lowercase letters had not yet been developed in the first century. What John saw and wrote down would have been in uppercase letters. And, of course, everything was handwritten, as it was long before the days of typesetting. As such, any consideration of the Greek letters for their visual forms must bear in mind how they appeared when handwritten in majuscule as found in early manuscripts. 

==== 2.2.3 Σ (sigma) and Ϛ (stigma) ====
Commonly, the Greek letter sigma is considered to have three forms: uppercase Σ, medial lowercase σ, and final lowercase ς. However, there were two extra lesser-known forms. Lunate sigma (uppercase Ϲ and lowercase ϲ), so called because of its visual resemblance to a crescent moon, came into usage from about fourth century BC and became a standard form of sigma during the late antiquity and Middle Ages.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sigma&amp;oldid=1298495170|title=Sigma|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=2 July 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; As such, it is commonly found in many early manuscripts of the New Testament.

The image (Figure 1) below shows folio 7 of Papyrus 47, which contains the text from Revelation 13:16–14:10. The text on the ninth line says:

ΕϹΤΙΝ ΔΕ ΧΞϚ ΚΑΙ ΕΙΔΟΝ, ΚΑΙ ΕΙΔΟῪ ΑΡ(ΝΙΟΝ)

which looks a little more like this in a font designed for a greater visual resemblance to the handwritten text in the early manuscripts:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/Center-for-New-Testament-Restoration/font|title=Koine Greek Font|last=Bunning|first=Alan|date=9 Oct. 2022|archive-url=Center for New Testament Restoration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The number χξϛ is found in Revelation 13, where John continues to narrate a vision he saw. It is a 'mark' which John saw the people who worshipped the beast receive on their right hands or foreheads. As they received it to bear on their body, it must have meant something to them, but what did it mean to them? John understood it, and as he described it, he expected his readers in Asia Minor to understand it also. For us today, our goal must be to establish the perception of the mark which first existed in the minds of those who received it, and the method for that is by analysing how the mark functioned in the scene of the vision as John reports it.

=== 2.1 Visual Nature of Revelation and of the Mark ===
Revelation finds itself in the Jewish apocalyptic tradition, characterised by imagery and symbolism. It opens by identifying itself as 'the revelation from Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must soon take place' (1:1). John saw 'a door standing open in heaven' (4:1) and again 'heaven standing open' (19:11). The repeated invitation, 'Come…, I will show you…' (4:1; 17:1; 21:9), led John to report many things he saw. Thus, what John wrote to convey is fundamentally visual in nature. The Apocalypse, therefore, is not just a documented text of heard words but a documentary report of seen visions. It is a literary description of prophetic visions that are rich in imagery from the Hebrew Scriptures. 

In particular, χξϛ was the mark of the beast, i.e. a visual symbol of allegiance to be seen on the body of those who worshipped the beast. In the context of the whole story of Revelation, it is apparent that this was Satan's mimicry of God's sealing (i.e. marking) of his servants (7:3). Also, against the whole story of the Bible, it can be seen as a mimicry of the Jewish practice of visible demonstration of their allegiance to God (cf. Deut. 6:8). The visual nature of the mark, its function and its literary context suggests the importance of how χξϛ looked, i.e. its visual appearance to human eyes. 

=== 2.2 Visual Form of ΧΞϚ and its Function as Pictogram ===
The mark of the beast was the name of the beast, which was in turn the number of the name, and this number was 666. In the text of the latest edition of the Greek New Testament by the United Bible Societies, this number is written out fully in words as 'ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Greek New Testament, Fifth Revised Edition|last=ed. by Aland|first=Barbara (and others)|publisher=United Bible Societies|year=2014|location=Stuttgart}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the Greek New Testament by Tyndale House makes a different choice, because the earliest manuscript witness (Papyrus 47 or P47, from mid-third century) shows that the number was written in an abbreviated form in ancient times.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Greek New Testament|last=ed. by Jongkind|first=Dirk (and others)|publisher=Tyndale House|year=2017|location=Cainmbridge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2.2.1 Greek Numeral System ====
Today in English, numbers are commonly written using Arabic numerals, like 666, as a kind of shorthand notation, rather than writing fully in words, like 'six hundred and sixty-six'. The same was true in ancient Greek, except that they used letters from the Greek alphabet as numerals rather than the Arabic numerals, which incidentally should probably be described more accurately as Hindu-Arabic numerals, as they first developed in India before becoming adopted into the Arabic system around the seventh century or some time before that.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabic_numerals&amp;oldid=1296826253|title=Arabic numerals|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=22 June 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopeida}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system&amp;oldid=1264812857|title=History of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system|last=Wikipedia contributors,|date=23 December 2024|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopeida}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Greek system is the first attested alphabetic numeral system in the world, dating back to the sixth century BC, and called Ionic or Milesian because of its origin in west Asia Minor around Miletus in Ionia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alphabetic_numeral_system&amp;oldid=1222860822|title=Alphabetic numeral system|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=8 May 2024|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; This numeral system continued to be used in Asia Minor well into the Roman period, which is directly relevant for the present study of Revelation, and these numerals were marked by a line above them (overline or overbar) to distinguish them from normal letters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&amp;oldid=1295786959|title=Greek numerals|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=15 June 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ΧΞϚ (with overline) is how the number appears in early manuscripts. Each of the three Greek letters employed to represent the number 666 had their numerical values as shown in Table 1 below:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table 1: Numerical Values of ΧΞϚ
!Letter
!Letter Name
!Numerical Value
|-
|Χ
|chi
|600
|-
|Ξ
|xi
|60
|-
|Ϛ
|stigma
|6
|}
Yet. it is their visual forms that need our particular attention, because the number was a visual symbol to be seen on the openly visible parts of the body of the beast-followers.

==== 2.2.2 Handwritten Form in Majuscule ====
At this point, it is important to note that lowercase letters had not yet been developed in the first century. What John saw and wrote down would have been in uppercase letters. And, of course, everything was handwritten, as it was long before the days of typesetting. As such, any consideration of the Greek letters for their visual forms must bear in mind how they appeared when handwritten in majuscule as found in early manuscripts. 

==== 2.2.3 Σ (sigma) and Ϛ (stigma) ====
Commonly, the Greek letter sigma is considered to have three forms: uppercase Σ, medial lowercase σ, and final lowercase ς. However, there were two extra lesser-known forms. Lunate sigma (uppercase Ϲ and lowercase ϲ), so called because of its visual resemblance to a crescent moon, came into usage from about fourth century BC and became a standard form of sigma during the late antiquity and Middle Ages.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sigma&amp;oldid=1298495170|title=Sigma|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=2 July 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; As such, it is commonly found in many early manuscripts of the New Testament.

The image (Figure 1) below shows folio 7 of Papyrus 47, which contains the text from Revelation 13:16–14:10. The text on the ninth line says:

ΕϹΤΙΝ ΔΕ ΧΞϚ ΚΑΙ ΕΙΔΟΝ, ΚΑΙ ΕΙΔΟῪ ΑΡ(ΝΙΟΝ)

which looks a little more like this in a font designed for a greater visual resemblance to the handwritten text in the early manuscripts:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/Center-for-New-Testament-Restoration/font|title=Koine Greek Font|last=Bunning|first=Alan|date=9 Oct. 2022|archive-url=Center for New Testament Restoration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

εστιν δε χξϛ και ειδον, και ειδου αρ(νιον)

What should be observed here is the visual resemblance between Ϲ (crescent sigma, the second letter) and Ϛ (stigma, the tenth letter). This resemblance is perhaps not too surprising, considering the origin of Ϛ as a ligature of sigma (Σ) and tau (Τ).☂

The number χξϛ is found in Revelation 13, where John continues to narrate a vision he saw. It is a 'mark' which John saw the people who worshipped the beast receive on their right hands or foreheads. As they received it to bear on their body, it must have meant something to them, but what did it mean to them? John understood it, and as he described it, he expected his readers in Asia Minor to understand it also. For us today, our goal must be to establish the perception of the mark which first existed in the minds of those who received it, and the method for that is by analysing how the mark functioned in the scene of the vision as John reports it.

=== 2.1 Visual Nature of Revelation and of the Mark ===
Revelation finds itself in the Jewish apocalyptic tradition, characterised by imagery and symbolism. It opens by identifying itself as 'the revelation from Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must soon take place' (1:1). John saw 'a door standing open in heaven' (4:1) and again 'heaven standing open' (19:11). The repeated invitation, 'Come…, I will show you…' (4:1; 17:1; 21:9), led John to report many things he saw. Thus, what John wrote to convey is fundamentally visual in nature. The Apocalypse, therefore, is not just a documented text of heard words but a documentary report of seen visions. It is a literary description of prophetic visions that are rich in imagery from the Hebrew Scriptures. 

In particular, χξϛ was the mark of the beast, i.e. a visual symbol of allegiance to be seen on the body of those who worshipped the beast. In the context of the whole story of Revelation, it is apparent that this was Satan's mimicry of God's sealing (i.e. marking) of his servants (7:3). Also, against the whole story of the Bible, it can be seen as a mimicry of the Jewish practice of visible demonstration of their allegiance to God (cf. Deut. 6:8). The visual nature of the mark, its function and its literary context suggests the importance of how χξϛ looked, i.e. its visual appearance to human eyes. 

=== 2.2 Visual Form of ΧΞϚ and its Function as Pictogram ===
The mark of the beast was the name of the beast, which was in turn the number of the name, and this number was 666. In the text of the latest edition of the Greek New Testament by the United Bible Societies, this number is written out fully in words as 'ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Greek New Testament, Fifth Revised Edition|last=ed. by Aland|first=Barbara (and others)|publisher=United Bible Societies|year=2014|location=Stuttgart}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the Greek New Testament by Tyndale House makes a different choice, because the earliest manuscript witness (Papyrus 47 or P47, from mid-third century) shows that the number was written in an abbreviated form in ancient times.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Greek New Testament|last=ed. by Jongkind|first=Dirk (and others)|publisher=Tyndale House|year=2017|location=Cainmbridge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2.2.1 Greek Numeral System ====
Today in English, numbers are commonly written using Arabic numerals, like 666, as a kind of shorthand notation, rather than writing fully in words, like 'six hundred and sixty-six'. The same was true in ancient Greek, except that they used letters from the Greek alphabet as numerals rather than the Arabic numerals, which incidentally should probably be described more accurately as Hindu-Arabic numerals, as they first developed in India before becoming adopted into the Arabic system around the seventh century or some time before that.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabic_numerals&amp;oldid=1296826253|title=Arabic numerals|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=22 June 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopeida}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system&amp;oldid=1264812857|title=History of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system|last=Wikipedia contributors,|date=23 December 2024|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopeida}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Greek system is the first attested alphabetic numeral system in the world, dating back to the sixth century BC, and called Ionic or Milesian because of its origin in west Asia Minor around Miletus in Ionia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alphabetic_numeral_system&amp;oldid=1222860822|title=Alphabetic numeral system|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=8 May 2024|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; This numeral system continued to be used in Asia Minor well into the Roman period, which is directly relevant for the present study of Revelation, and these numerals were marked by a line above them (overline or overbar) to distinguish them from normal letters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&amp;oldid=1295786959|title=Greek numerals|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=15 June 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ΧΞϚ (with overline) is how the number appears in early manuscripts. Each of the three Greek letters employed to represent the number 666 had their numerical values as shown in Table 1 below:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table 1: Numerical Values of ΧΞϚ
!Letter
!Letter Name
!Numerical Value
|-
|Χ
|chi
|600
|-
|Ξ
|xi
|60
|-
|Ϛ
|stigma
|6
|}
Yet. it is their visual forms that need our particular attention, because the number was a visual symbol to be seen on the openly visible parts of the body of the beast-followers.

==== 2.2.2 Handwritten Form in Majuscule ====
At this point, it is important to note that lowercase letters had not yet been developed in the first century. What John saw and wrote down would have been in uppercase letters. And, of course, everything was handwritten, as it was long before the days of typesetting. As such, any consideration of the Greek letters for their visual forms must bear in mind how they appeared when handwritten in majuscule as found in early manuscripts. 

==== 2.2.3 Σ (sigma) and Ϛ (stigma) ====
Commonly, the Greek letter sigma is considered to have three forms: uppercase Σ, medial lowercase σ, and final lowercase ς. However, there were two extra lesser-known forms. Lunate sigma (uppercase Ϲ and lowercase ϲ), so called because of its visual resemblance to a crescent moon, came into usage from about fourth century BC and became a standard form of sigma during the late antiquity and Middle Ages.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sigma&amp;oldid=1298495170|title=Sigma|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=2 July 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; As such, it is commonly found in many early manuscripts of the New Testament.

The image (Figure 1) below shows folio 7 of Papyrus 47, which contains the text from Revelation 13:16–14:10. The text on the ninth line says:

ΕϹΤΙΝ ΔΕ ΧΞϚ ΚΑΙ ΕΙΔΟΝ, ΚΑΙ ΕΙΔΟῪ ΑΡ(ΝΙΟΝ)

which looks a little more like this in a font designed for a greater visual resemblance to the handwritten text in the early manuscripts:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/Center-for-New-Testament-Restoration/font|title=Koine Greek Font|last=Bunning|first=Alan|date=9 Oct. 2022|archive-url=Center for New Testament Restoration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

εστιν δε χξϛ και ειδον, και ειδου αρ(νιον)

What should be observed here is the visual resemblance between Ϲ (crescent sigma, the second letter) and Ϛ (stigma, the tenth letter). This resemblance is perhaps not too surprising, considering the origin of Ϛ as a ligature of sigma (Σ) and tau (Τ).☂

εστιν δε χξϛ και ειδον, και ειδου αρ(νιον)

What should be observed here is the visual resemblance between Ϲ (crescent sigma, the second letter) and Ϛ (stigma, the tenth letter). This resemblance is perhaps not too surprising, considering the origin of Ϛ as a ligature of sigma (Σ) and tau (Τ).

==Third Heading, etc==


==Additional information==

===Acknowledgements===
Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

===Competing interests===
Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

===Ethics statement===
An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}</text>
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==1. Introduction==

[[file:example image.png|thumb|left
| Image caption text goes here
(attribution: name of image creator, [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en CC-BY 3.0])
]]

'χξϛ'. I asked an AI chatbot how people of the Greek-speaking world wrote the number 666 in New Testament times, and that was what it said. I knew that, of course, but I really wanted to ask the next question about what I had been taught many years ago, that χξϛ was Satan's visual parody of the title of God’s Messiah, looking like χριστος on the outside but ξ (with its snake-like appearance) replacing everything in the middle between the two outer letters. I have wondered why I never come across it in any commentaries or dictionaries I consult, except perhaps in a few places on the internet. I asked the AI to evaluate the idea, and this is what it said:&lt;blockquote&gt;You’re not alone in noticing the visual resemblance between χξϛ (666) and χριστός (Christos, 'Christ') in Greek.… From a literary-symbolic standpoint, it’s an interesting idea.… However, this visual-letterplay interpretation is speculative and post hoc — there’s no strong evidence that early readers or the author intended the shape or graphic similarity of the letters to carry symbolic meaning. Greek readers were trained to read by sound and meaning, not by visually analysing the shape of words as we might today in a world of logos and brands.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://chatgpt.com/share/681a24c3-0dbc-8012-9caa-aa81652de95a|title=Greek Numerals 666|last=ChatGPT|first=chatbot|date=8 May 2025|website=ChatGPT}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;This got me thinking. Is it true that this visual interpretation is 'speculative and post hoc'? Is there really no evidence to consider?

The number 666 in Revelation 13:18 has been interpreted traditionally through the lens of gematria, usually proposing to link it to Nero Caesar or θηρίον (thērion, beast), while 'it has also been thought a parody on the divine number, seven, given Revelation’s use of seven and given other demonic parodies of the divine in Revelation'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=IVP Cultural Background Commentary (electronic edition for Olive Tree Bible software)|last=Keener|first=Craig S.|publisher=InterVarsity Press|year=2014|location=Downers Grove, IL}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/why-is-the-number-of-the-beast-666/|title=Why Is the Number of the Beast 666?|last=Beale|first=G. K.|date=11 Feb. 2011|website=The Gospel Coalition}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another proposal has been made to interpret the number visually by taking χξϛ as seemingly consisting of 'the initial and final letters of the word Xριστος (Christos), Christ, … with the symbol of the serpent between them'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://levendwater.org/books/numbers/number_in_scripture_bullinger.pdf|title=Number in Scripture: Its Supernatural Design and Spiritual Significance, 4th ed. PDF file, (London: Eyre &amp; Spottiswoode Ltd., 1921), p. 49|last=Bullinger|first=E. W.|date=1921}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yet, it does not appear to have received as a credible option. This study proposes that there is adequate evidence from the context, both literary and historical, for interpreting χξϛ as a visual symbol and that taking the visual appearance of χξϛ as a layer of its symbolic meaning is neither speculative nor post hoc but will add to our understanding of what John saw.

== 2. Examining the Text in its Literary Context ==

The number χξϛ is found in Revelation 13, where John continues to narrate a vision he saw. It is a 'mark' which John saw the people who worshipped the beast receive on their right hands or foreheads. As they received it to bear on their body, it must have meant something to them, but what did it mean to them? John understood it, and as he described it, he expected his readers in Asia Minor to understand it also. For us today, our goal must be to establish the perception of the mark which first existed in the minds of those who received it, and the method for that is by analysing how the mark functioned in the scene of the vision as John reports it.

=== 2.1 Visual Nature of Revelation and of the Mark ===
Revelation finds itself in the Jewish apocalyptic tradition, characterised by imagery and symbolism. It opens by identifying itself as 'the revelation from Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must soon take place' (1:1). John saw 'a door standing open in heaven' (4:1) and again 'heaven standing open' (19:11). The repeated invitation, 'Come…, I will show you…' (4:1; 17:1; 21:9), led John to report many things he saw. Thus, what John wrote to convey is fundamentally visual in nature. The Apocalypse, therefore, is not just a documented text of heard words but a documentary report of seen visions. It is a literary description of prophetic visions that are rich in imagery from the Hebrew Scriptures. 

In particular, χξϛ was the mark of the beast, i.e. a visual symbol of allegiance to be seen on the body of those who worshipped the beast. In the context of the whole story of Revelation, it is apparent that this was Satan's mimicry of God's sealing (i.e. marking) of his servants (7:3). Also, against the whole story of the Bible, it can be seen as a mimicry of the Jewish practice of visible demonstration of their allegiance to God (cf. Deut. 6:8). The visual nature of the mark, its function and its literary context suggests the importance of how χξϛ looked, i.e. its visual appearance to human eyes. 

=== 2.2 Visual Form of ΧΞϚ and its Function as Pictogram ===
The mark of the beast was the name of the beast, which was in turn the number of the name, and this number was 666. In the text of the latest edition of the Greek New Testament by the United Bible Societies, this number is written out fully in words as 'ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Greek New Testament, Fifth Revised Edition|last=ed. by Aland|first=Barbara (and others)|publisher=United Bible Societies|year=2014|location=Stuttgart}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the Greek New Testament by Tyndale House makes a different choice, because the earliest manuscript witness (Papyrus 47 or P47, from mid-third century) shows that the number was written in an abbreviated form in ancient times.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Greek New Testament|last=ed. by Jongkind|first=Dirk (and others)|publisher=Tyndale House|year=2017|location=Cainmbridge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2.2.1 Greek Numeral System ====
Today in English, numbers are commonly written using Arabic numerals, like 666, as a kind of shorthand notation, rather than writing fully in words, like 'six hundred and sixty-six'. The same was true in ancient Greek, except that they used letters from the Greek alphabet as numerals rather than the Arabic numerals, which incidentally should probably be described more accurately as Hindu-Arabic numerals, as they first developed in India before becoming adopted into the Arabic system around the seventh century or some time before that.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabic_numerals&amp;oldid=1296826253|title=Arabic numerals|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=22 June 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopeida}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system&amp;oldid=1264812857|title=History of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system|last=Wikipedia contributors,|date=23 December 2024|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopeida}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Greek system is the first attested alphabetic numeral system in the world, dating back to the sixth century BC, and called Ionic or Milesian because of its origin in west Asia Minor around Miletus in Ionia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alphabetic_numeral_system&amp;oldid=1222860822|title=Alphabetic numeral system|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=8 May 2024|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; This numeral system continued to be used in Asia Minor well into the Roman period, which is directly relevant for the present study of Revelation, and these numerals were marked by a line above them (overline or overbar) to distinguish them from normal letters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&amp;oldid=1295786959|title=Greek numerals|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=15 June 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ΧΞϚ (with overline) is how the number appears in early manuscripts. Each of the three Greek letters employed to represent the number 666 had their numerical values as shown in Table 1 below:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table 1: Numerical Values of ΧΞϚ
!Letter
!Letter Name
!Numerical Value
|-
|Χ
|chi
|600
|-
|Ξ
|xi
|60
|-
|Ϛ
|stigma
|6
|}
Yet. it is their visual forms that need our particular attention, because the number was a visual symbol to be seen on the openly visible parts of the body of the beast-followers.

==== 2.2.2 Handwritten Form in Majuscule ====
At this point, it is important to note that lowercase letters had not yet been developed in the first century. What John saw and wrote down would have been in uppercase letters. And, of course, everything was handwritten, as it was long before the days of typesetting. As such, any consideration of the Greek letters for their visual forms must bear in mind how they appeared when handwritten in majuscule as found in early manuscripts. 

==== 2.2.3 Σ (sigma) and Ϛ (stigma) ====
Commonly, the Greek letter sigma is considered to have three forms: uppercase Σ, medial lowercase σ, and final lowercase ς. However, there were two extra lesser-known forms. Lunate sigma (uppercase Ϲ and lowercase ϲ), so called because of its visual resemblance to a crescent moon, came into usage from about fourth century BC and became a standard form of sigma during the late antiquity and Middle Ages.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sigma&amp;oldid=1298495170|title=Sigma|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=2 July 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; As such, it is commonly found in many early manuscripts of the New Testament.

The image (Figure 1) below shows folio 7 of Papyrus 47, which contains the text from Revelation 13:16–14:10. The text on the ninth line says:

ΕϹΤΙΝ ΔΕ ΧΞϚ ΚΑΙ ΕΙΔΟΝ, ΚΑΙ ΕΙΔΟῪ ΑΡ(ΝΙΟΝ)

which looks a little more like this in a font designed for a greater visual resemblance to the handwritten text in the early manuscripts:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/Center-for-New-Testament-Restoration/font|title=Koine Greek Font|last=Bunning|first=Alan|date=9 Oct. 2022|archive-url=Center for New Testament Restoration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The number χξϛ is found in Revelation 13, where John continues to narrate a vision he saw. It is a 'mark' which John saw the people who worshipped the beast receive on their right hands or foreheads. As they received it to bear on their body, it must have meant something to them, but what did it mean to them? John understood it, and as he described it, he expected his readers in Asia Minor to understand it also. For us today, our goal must be to establish the perception of the mark which first existed in the minds of those who received it, and the method for that is by analysing how the mark functioned in the scene of the vision as John reports it.

=== 2.1 Visual Nature of Revelation and of the Mark ===
Revelation finds itself in the Jewish apocalyptic tradition, characterised by imagery and symbolism. It opens by identifying itself as 'the revelation from Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must soon take place' (1:1). John saw 'a door standing open in heaven' (4:1) and again 'heaven standing open' (19:11). The repeated invitation, 'Come…, I will show you…' (4:1; 17:1; 21:9), led John to report many things he saw. Thus, what John wrote to convey is fundamentally visual in nature. The Apocalypse, therefore, is not just a documented text of heard words but a documentary report of seen visions. It is a literary description of prophetic visions that are rich in imagery from the Hebrew Scriptures. 

In particular, χξϛ was the mark of the beast, i.e. a visual symbol of allegiance to be seen on the body of those who worshipped the beast. In the context of the whole story of Revelation, it is apparent that this was Satan's mimicry of God's sealing (i.e. marking) of his servants (7:3). Also, against the whole story of the Bible, it can be seen as a mimicry of the Jewish practice of visible demonstration of their allegiance to God (cf. Deut. 6:8). The visual nature of the mark, its function and its literary context suggests the importance of how χξϛ looked, i.e. its visual appearance to human eyes. 

=== 2.2 Visual Form of ΧΞϚ and its Function as Pictogram ===
The mark of the beast was the name of the beast, which was in turn the number of the name, and this number was 666. In the text of the latest edition of the Greek New Testament by the United Bible Societies, this number is written out fully in words as 'ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Greek New Testament, Fifth Revised Edition|last=ed. by Aland|first=Barbara (and others)|publisher=United Bible Societies|year=2014|location=Stuttgart}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the Greek New Testament by Tyndale House makes a different choice, because the earliest manuscript witness (Papyrus 47 or P47, from mid-third century) shows that the number was written in an abbreviated form in ancient times.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Greek New Testament|last=ed. by Jongkind|first=Dirk (and others)|publisher=Tyndale House|year=2017|location=Cainmbridge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== 2.2.1 Greek Numeral System ====
Today in English, numbers are commonly written using Arabic numerals, like 666, as a kind of shorthand notation, rather than writing fully in words, like 'six hundred and sixty-six'. The same was true in ancient Greek, except that they used letters from the Greek alphabet as numerals rather than the Arabic numerals, which incidentally should probably be described more accurately as Hindu-Arabic numerals, as they first developed in India before becoming adopted into the Arabic system around the seventh century or some time before that.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arabic_numerals&amp;oldid=1296826253|title=Arabic numerals|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=22 June 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopeida}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system&amp;oldid=1264812857|title=History of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system|last=Wikipedia contributors,|date=23 December 2024|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopeida}}&lt;/ref&gt;

The Greek system is the first attested alphabetic numeral system in the world, dating back to the sixth century BC, and called Ionic or Milesian because of its origin in west Asia Minor around Miletus in Ionia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alphabetic_numeral_system&amp;oldid=1222860822|title=Alphabetic numeral system|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=8 May 2024|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; This numeral system continued to be used in Asia Minor well into the Roman period, which is directly relevant for the present study of Revelation, and these numerals were marked by a line above them (overline or overbar) to distinguish them from normal letters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greek_numerals&amp;oldid=1295786959|title=Greek numerals|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=15 June 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ΧΞϚ (with overline) is how the number appears in early manuscripts. Each of the three Greek letters employed to represent the number 666 had their numerical values as shown in Table 1 below:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Table 1: Numerical Values of ΧΞϚ
!Letter
!Letter Name
!Numerical Value
|-
|Χ
|chi
|600
|-
|Ξ
|xi
|60
|-
|Ϛ
|stigma
|6
|}
Yet. it is their visual forms that need our particular attention, because the number was a visual symbol to be seen on the openly visible parts of the body of the beast-followers.

==== 2.2.2 Handwritten Form in Majuscule ====
At this point, it is important to note that lowercase letters had not yet been developed in the first century. What John saw and wrote down would have been in uppercase letters. And, of course, everything was handwritten, as it was long before the days of typesetting. As such, any consideration of the Greek letters for their visual forms must bear in mind how they appeared when handwritten in majuscule as found in early manuscripts. 

==== 2.2.3 Σ (sigma) and Ϛ (stigma) ====
Commonly, the Greek letter sigma is considered to have three forms: uppercase Σ, medial lowercase σ, and final lowercase ς. However, there were two extra lesser-known forms. Lunate sigma (uppercase Ϲ and lowercase ϲ), so called because of its visual resemblance to a crescent moon, came into usage from about fourth century BC and became a standard form of sigma during the late antiquity and Middle Ages.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sigma&amp;oldid=1298495170|title=Sigma|last=Wikipedia contributors|date=2 July 2025|website=Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt; As such, it is commonly found in many early manuscripts of the New Testament.

The image (Figure 1) below shows folio 7 of Papyrus 47, which contains the text from Revelation 13:16–14:10. 

'''Figure 1: Papyrus 47 folio 7''' [[File:P47 folio 7 - Rev 13vv1-15.jpg|alt=Figure 1. P47 folio 7|frameless|1247x1247px]]

The text on the ninth line says:

ΕϹΤΙΝ ΔΕ ΧΞϚ ΚΑΙ ΕΙΔΟΝ, ΚΑΙ ΕΙΔΟῪ ΑΡ(ΝΙΟΝ)

which looks a little more like this in a font designed for a greater visual resemblance to the handwritten text in the early manuscripts:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/Center-for-New-Testament-Restoration/font|title=Koine Greek Font|last=Bunning|first=Alan|date=9 Oct. 2022|archive-url=Center for New Testament Restoration}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Koine Majuscule text.png|left|frameless|380x380px]]


What should be observed here is the visual resemblance between Ϲ (crescent sigma, the second letter) and Ϛ (stigma, the tenth letter). This resemblance is perhaps not too surprising, considering the origin of Ϛ as a ligature of sigma (Σ) and tau (Τ).

==Third Heading, etc==


==Additional information==

===Acknowledgements===
Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

===Competing interests===
Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

===Ethics statement===
An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}</text>
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}}

== Licensing ==
{{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-4.0,3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}}</text>
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