Benjamin Kofi Ayeh

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    <title>Benjamin Kofi Ayeh</title>
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'''Benjamin Kofi Ayeh''' (wɔwoo no 16 [[Ɔberɛfɛw]] 1962)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221220172108/http://staging.odekro.org/person/benjamin-kofi-ayeh/&lt;/ref&gt; yɛ eguadzifo, Ghana amanyɛnyi na akontsabufo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230321211615&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20250125065630/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=2582&lt;/ref&gt; Na ɔyɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi ma Mbrahyɛbagua a ɔtɔ do esia (6) a ɔwɔ Ghana Amansin a ɔtɔ do anan (4) na Mbrahyɛbagua a ɔtɔ do anan (4) a ɔwɔ Ghana Amansin a ɔtɔ do anan (4) no mu.&lt;ref&gt;Ditchfield, G. M.; Hayton, David; Jones, Clyve (1 March 2008). &quot;British Parliamentary Lists, 1660–1800: A Register&quot;. ''Parliamentary History.'' 13 (3): 388. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1750-0206.1994.tb00312.x https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0264-2824&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔgyinaa Upper Denkyira Atɔe (West) Ambatow mpasua ananmu wɔ Finimfin mantɔw (Central Region) mu wɔ Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230321211615&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newsghana.com.gh/npp-primaries-benjamin-kofi-ayeh-elated-by-his-defeat/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed_2-20230321211615&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221215220120/https://citifmonline.com/2015/06/im-not-surprised-by-my-defeat-former-deputy-minority-chief-whip/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɔbra Ahyɛase na Nwomasua ==
Wɔwoo Benjamin Kofi Ayeh wɔ 16 [[Ɔberɛfɛw]] 1962&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; wɔ Ayanfuri wɔ Finimfin (Central) mantɔw mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230321211615&quot;/&gt; Ɔnyaa nye Charted Accountant (Ghana) Intermediate abodzin krataa wɔ afe 1986 mu na ɔnyaa nye EMGL wɔ afe 2008 mu wɔ Ghana Asoɛe a Ɔhwɛ Edwumayɛ na Ɔmanfo do (Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration - GIMPA).&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230321211615&quot;/&gt; Ɔsan yɛ akontaabufo a ɔfata a wɔagye no atom (qualified chartered accountant).&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230321211615&quot;/&gt;

== Edwuma ==
Benjamin Kofi Ayeh na Fambenycold Limited, Accra yɛɛ edwuma dɛ edwumayɛfo panyin (Chief Executive Officer - CEO).&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230321211615&quot;/&gt; Na ɔyɛ Mbrahyɛbaguanyi ma Upper Denkyira Atɔe (West) Ambatow mpasua a ɔwɔ Finimfin (Central) mantɔw wɔ Ghana wɔ[[New Patriotic Party]] no tekiti do maa Ghana Amansin a ɔtɔ do anan (4) no Mbrahyɛbagua a ɔtɔ do anan (4) wɔ afe 2004 Ghana amansan ambatow no mu. Ɔyɛ eguadifo (businessperson), akontaabufo (accountant ) na amanyɛnyi (politician).[&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230321211615&quot;/&gt; Na ɔyɛ obi a na anka ɔyɛ nnyimpa kakraa bi mpire panyin abadziakyir nso (former deputy minority chief whip).&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed_2-20230321211615&quot;/&gt;

== Amanyɔsɛm ==
Benjamin Ayeh yɛ obi a na anka ɔyɛ nnyimpa kakraa bi mpire panyin abadziakyir nso (former deputy minority chief whip)&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed_2-20230321211615&quot;/&gt; na nna ɔyɛ Ɔman Ho Dɔ Kuw Foforo (New Patriotic Party) no munyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230321211615&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230321211615&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed_2-20230321211615&quot;/&gt; Wɔ afe 2004 mu no, ɔsii akan wɔ Ghana amansan ambatow no mu wɔ[[New Patriotic Party]] no tekiti ase na ɔdzii nkonyim wɔ Upper Denkyira Atɔe (West) Ambatow mpasua mu dɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi maa Mbrahyɛbagua a ɔtɔ do anan (4) wɔ Ghana Amansin a ɔtɔ do anan (4) no mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221220172114/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/central/82/index.php&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/ghana/03610.pdf. (PDF). Ghana: Electoral Commission of Ghana; Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. 2005. p. 147.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ghana Parliamentary Register, 2004-2008. Ghana: The Office of Parliament. 2004. p. 205.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2004 Ambatow ===
Wɔ afe 2004 Ghana amansan ambatow mu no, Ayeh nyaa amba 12,177 wɔ amba 18,017 a ɔfata a wɔtow no nyinara mu. Eyi gyina hɔ ma ambatow a wɔtow no nyinara mu 67.6%. Ɔnyaa amba kyɛn Oduro-Bonsu Kwaku a ofi National Democratic Congress na Thomas Maxwell Aidoo a ofi Convention People’s Party mu. Eyinom nyaa ambatow a ɔfata a wɔtow no nyinara mu 30.2% na 2.2%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Ayeh ambatow mpasua no yɛ duesia (16) a[[New Patriotic Party]] dzii nkonyim wɔ Central mantɔw mu wɔ saa ambatow no mu no fa.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240428070731/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/central/index.php&lt;/ref&gt; Sɛ yɛka nye nyinara bom a,[[New Patriotic Party]] no nyaa Mbrahyɛbagua nkongua 128 wɔ Ghana Amansin a ɔtɔ do anan (4) no Mbrahyɛbagua a ɔtɔ do anan (4) no mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;https://www.fact-checkghana.com/statistics-presidential-parliamentary-election-results/&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2008 Ambatow ===
Wɔsan paw Ayeh dɛ mbrahyɛbaguani wɔ afe 2008 Ghana amansan ambatow mu maa Upper Denkyira Atɔe (West) Ambatow mpasua.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221222071218/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/central/82/index.php&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔnam saayɛ do gyinaa ambatow mpasua no ananmu wɔ Ghana Amansin a ɔtɔ do anan (4) no Mbrahyɛbagua a ɔtɔ do enum (5) no mu. Wɔdze amba 9,339 na ɛpaw no wɔ ambatow a ɔfata a wɔtow nyinara mu 18,183. Eyi nye ambatow a ɔfata a wɔtow no nyinara mu 51.36% yɛ pɛ. Ɔnyaa amba kyɛn Yankey M. Ackah a ofi National Democratic Congress, George Mensah a ofi Democratic Freedom Party na Dr. Thomas Maxwell Aidoo a ofi Convention People’s Party mu. Eyinom nyaa ambatow a ɔfata a wɔtow no nyinara mu 38.45%, 0.46% na 9.73%.&lt;ref&gt;https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/ghana/10489.pdf. (PDF). Ghana: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. 2010. p. 81.&lt;/ref&gt; Wɔsan paw Ayeh wɔ[[New Patriotic Party]] no tekiti do.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Na nye ambatow mpasua no yɛ ambatow mpasua awɔtwe (8) a[[New Patriotic Party]] dzii nkonyim wɔ Central mantɔw mu wɔ saa ambatow no mu no fa.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221222071217/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/central/index.php&lt;/ref&gt; Sɛ yɛka nye nyinara bom a,[[New Patriotic Party]] no nyaa Mbrahyɛbagua nkongua 107 wɔ Ghana Amansin a ɔtɔ do anan (4) no Mbrahyɛbagua a ɔtɔ do enum (5) no mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

=== 2012 Ambatow ===
Ɔsii akan wɔ afe 2012 Ghana amansan ambatow no mu na wɔsan paw no dɛ ɔnsom n’ahendze a ɔtɔ do ebien (2) dɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi mma Mbrahyɛbagua a ɔtɔ do esia (6) wɔ Ghana Amansin a ɔtɔ do anan (4) no mu ama Upper Denkyira West ambatow mpasua.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230321211615&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200207094405/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/central/82/index.php&lt;/ref&gt;

== N'abrabɔ ==
Benjamin Kofi Ayeh yɛ ɔwarefo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230321211615&quot;/&gt; Ɔyɛ Kristonyi na ɔsom wɔ Yesu Kristo Asɔre a ɔwɔ Nna a Odzi Ekyir Ahotefo mu (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints).&lt;ref name=&quot;Unnamed-20230321211615&quot;/&gt;

== Nhwɛdo ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;&quot; /&gt;

[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana Amanyɛnyi]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana mbrahyɛbaguafo 2005-2009]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana mbrahyɛbaguafo 2009–2013]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana mbrahyɛbaguafo 2013–2017]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana mbrahyɛbaguafo 2001-2005]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kobina Tahir Hammond</title>
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'''Kobina Tahir Hammond''' (wɔwoo no Obiradzi 16, 1960)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20160506160926/http://ghanamps.gov.gh/mps/details.php?id=153&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20160424185403/http://ghanamps.gov.gh/mps/details.php?id=2573&lt;/ref&gt; yɛ Ghana amanyɛnyi. Ɔyɛ Mbrahyɛbaguanyi ma Adans-Asokwa mansin a ɔwɔ Ashanti Mantɔw mu wɔ Ghana Amansin a ɔtɔ do ebiasa (3rd), anan (4th), enum (5th), esia (6th), esuon (7th) na awɔtwe (8th) wɔ Mbrahwɛbagua a ɔtɔ do anan (4th). Hammond yɛ Ɔman Ho Dɔ Kuw Fofor (New Patriotic Party) no munyi.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20140724224950/http://elections.myjoyonline.com/mps_details.php?mp=126&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240223042351/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=12&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɔbra ahyɛase na nwomasua ==
Wɔwoo Hammond wɔ bossom [[Obiradzi]] da a ɔtɔ do duesia (16) afe 1960. Ofir Asokwa, kurow bi a ɔwɔ Asante Mantɔw mu wɔ Ghana. Ɔwɔ Bachelor of Arts abɔdzin krataa wɔ Mbra na Amanyɛsɛm mu wɔ Ghana Suapɔn (University of Ghana, Legon - UG). Onyaa abɔdzin krataa no wɔ afe 1986 mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230528142113/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5269&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔsan nso kɔɔ Gray's Inn, Holborn Mmara Sukuu a ɔwɔ London, UK. Ofi hɔ no, onyaa abɔdzin krataa wɔ Mbra mu (Bachelor of Law) wɔ afe 1991 mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064444/http://www.parliament.gh/parliamentarians/38&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edwuma ==
Hammond yɛ ɔhokafo (partner) wɔ Chancery Chambers a ɔwɔ London.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

== Amanyɛsɛm ==
Hammond yɛ Ɔman Ho Dɔ Kuw Fofor (New Patriotic Party) no munyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/kt-hammond-parliament-has-not-constitutionally-rejected-2022-budget.html&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔbɛyɛɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi fir [[Sanda]] 2001 ber a ɔdaa noho edzi dɛ odzii nkonyim wɔ Ghana Amansan Ambatow mu wɔ [[Mumu]] 2000 mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ofi dɛm ber no, oedzi tumi mprɛn enum (5) a ɔtoatoa do. Ɔyɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi ma Adansi-Asokwa ambatow mpasua.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.myjoyonline.com/2022-budget-will-be-approved-action-to-start-in-45-minutes-k-t-hammond/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://citinewsroom.com/2021/12/fighting-in-ghanas-parliament-unprecedented-pathetic-k-t-hammond/&lt;/ref&gt; Wɔapaw no dɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi ma dɛm ambatow mpasua yi wɔ Ghana Amansin a ɔtɔ do anan (4) no Mbrahyɛbagua a ɔtɔ do ebiasa (3), anan (4), enum (5), esia (6) na esuon (7) mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Wɔsan paw no wɔ afe 2020 Amansan ambatow no mu dɛ ɔmbɛgyina hɔ wɔ Ghana Amansin a ɔtɔ do anan (4) no Mbrahyɛbagua a ɔtɔ do awɔtwe (8) no mu. Na Kobina yɛ Sikasɛm Boayikuw no munyi, na Mines na Ahoɔdzen Boayikuw (Mines and Energy Committee) wɔ Mbrahyɛbagua a ɔtɔ do esuon (7) a ɔwɔ Ghana Amansin a ɔtɔ do anan (4) no mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

== Ambatow ==
Wɔ afe 2000 mu no, Hammond dzii nkonyim wɔ amansan ambatow no mu dɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi ma Adans-Asokwa ambatow mpasua a ɔwɔ Asantse Mantɔw mu wɔ Ghana. Odzii nkonyim wɔ Ɔman Ho Dɔ Kuw Fofor (New Patriotic Party) no tekiti do.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;''Electoral Commission of Ghana. Parliamentary Result Election 2000''. Electoral Commission of Ghana. 2007. p.&amp;nbsp;1.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230104112553/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/ashanti/236/index.php&lt;/ref&gt; Na nye ambatow mpasua no yɛ Mbrahyɛbagua nkongua 31 no fa wɔ nkongua 33 a Ɔman Ho Dɔ Kuw Fofor no dzii wɔ dɛm ambatow no mu maa Ashanti Mantɔw no mu. Ɔman Ho Dɔ Kuw Fofor no nyaa dodow no ara a ɔyɛ Mbrahyɛbagua nkongua 99 wɔ nkongua 200 mu.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221116133229/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/index.php&lt;/ref&gt; Wɔdze amba 10,306 na ɛpaw no wɔ ambatow a ɔfata a wɔtow nyinara mu 19,407 mu. Iyi nye amba a ɔfata a wɔtow no nyinara mu 54.4% yɛ pɛ. Onyaa amba kyɛn Theresa Mensah a ofi Ɔman Demokrasi Mbrahyɛbagua Kuw (National Democratic Congress), Nana Yaw Frimpong a ofi Nnipa Ɔman Nhyiamu Kuw (People’s National Convention), Kwame Amoh a ofi Nhyiamu Nnyimpa Kuw (Convention People’s Party), Peter Kofi Essilfie a ofi Ɔman Nsakrae Kuw (National Reformed Party) na Prince Lawrence a ofi Nkabom Ghana Kuw (United Ghana Movement). Iyinom nyaa amba 7,230, 1,001, 241, 92 na 61 wɔ ambatow a ɔfata a wɔtow no nyinara mu. Iyinom nye 38.2%, 5.3%, 1.3%, 0.5% na 0.3% yɛ pɛ wɔ ambatow a ɔfata a wɔtow nyinara mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Wɔpaw Hammond dɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi maa Adansi-Asokwa ambatow mpasua a ɔwɔ Asante Mantɔw mu wɔ Ghana nye mpɛn ebien (2) do wɔ afe 2004 Ghana amansan ambatow no mu. Odzii nkonyim wɔ Ɔman Ho Dɔ Kuw Fofor no tekiti do.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230104113444/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/ashanti/236/index.php&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;''Elections 2004; Ghana's Parliamentary and Presidential Elections''. Accra: Electoral Commission of Ghana; Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. 2005. p.&amp;nbsp;117.&lt;/ref&gt; Na nye ambatow mpasua no yɛ Mbrahyɛbagua nkongua 36 no fa wɔ nkongua 39 a Ɔman Ho Dɔ Kuw Fofor no dzii wɔ dɛm ambatow no mu maa Ashanti Mantɔw no mu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.fact-checkghana.com/statistics-presidential-parliamentary-election-results/&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔman Ho Dɔ Kuw Fofor no nyaa dodow no ara a ɔyɛ Mbrahyɛbagua nkongua 128 wɔ nkongua 230 mu.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20231106102817/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/president/index.php&lt;/ref&gt; Wɔdze amba 15,176 paw no wɔ 24,112 mu, ambatow a ɔfata a wɔtow no nyinara yɛ 62.9% a ɔyɛ pɛ. Onyaa amba kyɛn Seidu S. Adams a ofi Nyimpa Ɔman Nhyiam Kuw na Ɔsɔfo Evans Amankwa a ofi Ɔman Demokrasi Mbrahyɛbagua Kuw. Iyinom nyaa amba a ɔfata nyinara mu 0.7% na 36.3%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

Wɔ afe 2008 mu no, odzii nkonyim wɔ amansan ambatow no mu wɔ Ɔman Ho Dɔ Kuw Fofor tekiti do maa ambatow mpasua kor no ara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230104113447/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/236/index.php&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;''Ghana Elections 2008''. Ghana: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. 2010. p.&amp;nbsp;57.&lt;/ref&gt; Na nye ambatow mpasua no yɛ Mbrahyɛbagua nkongua 34 no fa wɔ nkongua 39 a Ɔman Ho Dɔ Kuw Fofor no dzii wɔ saa ambatow no mu maa Ashanti Mantɔw no mu.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230807211816/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/ashanti/index.php&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔman Ho Dɔ Kuw Fofor no nyaa Mbrahyɛbagua nkongua 109 wɔ nkongua 230 mu.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230530120836/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2008/index.php&lt;/ref&gt; Wɔdze amba 13,659 na wɔdze paw no wɔ ambatow a ɔfata a wɔtow nyinara mu 24,524 a ɔnye amba a ɔfata nyinara mu 55.7% yɛ pɛ.[20][21] Ɔnyaa amba kyɛn Alhaji Abdul-Lateef Madjoub a ofi Ɔman Demokrasi Mbrahyɛbagua Kuw, Amoako Anaafi a ofi Demokrasi Ahofadzi Kuw (Democratic Freedom Party) na Owusu-Boamah Francis a ofi Nhyiamu Nnyimpa Kuw

mu. Iyinom nyaa amba a wɔtow no nyinara mu 37.59%, 5.43% na 1.28%.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;

== N'abrabɔ ==
Hammond yɛ Nkramonyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Ɔka Ahmadiya kuw no ho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Hammond awar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

== Hwɛ Iyi Nso (See Also) ==
* [[List of MPs elected in the 2000 Ghanaian parliamentary election]]
* [[List of MPs elected in the 2004 Ghanaian parliamentary election]]
* [[List of MPs elected in the 2008 Ghanaian parliamentary election]]
* [[List of MPs elected in the 2012 Ghanaian parliamentary election]]
* [[List of MPs elected in the 2016 Ghanaian parliamentary election]]

== Nhwɛdo ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;&quot; /&gt;

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    <title>Kwame Nkrumah</title>
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      <text bytes="57271" sha1="4be066ce5o2n4s3vp3trayiss7arj8t" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox|item=Q8620}}Wɔwoo '''Ɔsagyefo''' '''Kwame''' '''Nkrumah''' wɔ [[Fankwa]] 21, 1909 mu. [[Ebɔbira]] 27, 1972 mu na owui. Nna ɔyɛ Ghana ɔmanyɛnyi, amanyɛsɛm ho bemfo na ɔsan so yɛ obi a nna n'enyi gye amanyɛsɛm ho. Ɔbɛyɛɛ Gold Coast ɔman no ne nanmusinyi fii afe 1952 kesii afe 1957 mu ber a Ghana gyee fahodzi fii Ngyiresi Aborɔfo nsamu no.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=President Kennedy, Prime Minister Macmillan and the Gold Market, 196063|work=Governing Post-War Britain|date=11 April 2012|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|doi=10.1057/9780230361270.0010|isbn=978-0-230-36127-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/summary/Kwame-Nkrumah]Date of birth and death&lt;/ref&gt; Afe 1957 mu dze besi 1966 mu no, wɔyɛɛ no mampanyin ankasa. Nna ɔyɛ obi a odzi akotsen wɔ Ebibirman hɔn fahodzi ne ngyee mu yie, ma dɛm ntsi nna ɔka hɔn a wɔtseew Ebibir Nkabɔmu Kuw a ɔyɛ (OAU) no na Soviet Union mu abawdobɔdze a ɔyɛ Lenin Peace Price no, ɔno na ɔgyee wɔ afe 1962 mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite ODNB|last=Rathbone|first=Richard|title=Nkrumah, Kwame (1909?–1972), president of Ghana|date=23 September 2004|series=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/31504}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mfe duebien nwomasua wɔ aborɔkyir ekyir no, onyaa n'amanyɛ enyidoadzehu no, na ɔnye Ebibifo bi nyaa nkabɔmu no, Nkrumah sanee baa Gold Coast bɛhyɛɛ n'amanyɛ edwuma no ase dɛ ɔkasafo ma ɔman no ne fahodzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|date=5 November 2013|work=The Political Philosophy of Confucianism|pages=258–273|publisher=Routledge|doi=10.4324/9781315018775-19|isbn=978-1-315-01877-5|title=Political Progress|doi-broken-date=6 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔtseew Convention People's Party amanyɛkuw no, na kuw no nyaa mpontu ntsɛm osiandɛ ɔyɛɛ nyia ɔwɔ akwannya dɛ ɔbɔtow amba biara akɔndɔ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Proceedings of the convention at which the American federation of arts was formed |url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingso00amer |date=1909 |publisher=B. S. Adams |doi=10.5479/sil.380651.39088006011662}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔbɛyɛɛ ɔman ɔnanmusinyi wɔ afe 1952 mu na odzii dɛm dwuma kor noara no ber a odzii Ghana enyim kɛgyee fahodzi fii Ngyiresi Aborɔfo no nsamu wɔ afe 1957 mu, ma ɔnam no do ma Ebibirmu aman a wɔwɔ Sahara Sar n'anaafo do no, Ghana bɛyɛɛ ɔman a odzii kan gyee ne fahodzi. Afe 1960 mu no, Ghanafo gyee mbra fofor too mu na wɔtoow amba maa Nkrumah ma ɔbɛyɛɛ Ɔmampanyin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|date=15 November 2007|work=Kwame Nkrumah. Vision and Tragedy|pages=192–214|publisher=Sub-Saharan Publishers|doi=10.2307/j.ctvk3gm60.17|isbn=978-9988-647-81-0|title=Prime Minister 1957–60}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nna n'amambu ne ngyinado no yɛ dɛ aban no bɔtoto biribiara a ɔnnkɛhyɛ ankorankor binom hɔn nsamu na afei so dɛ ɔmamfo no  bɔdwen ɔman n'ehiadze ho kan. Iyi maa obuebuee ndwuma akɛse akɛse na ɔyɛɛ enyinam kandzea ho nhyehyɛɛ ahorow, ɔdze ɔman nwomasua nhyehyɛɛ a odzi mu bae na ɔmaa Ebibirmu amambra tuu mpon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stanek 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stanek |first=Łukasz |title=Architecture in global socialism: Eastern Europe, West Africa, and the Middle East in the Cold War |date=2020 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-19455-4 |location=Princeton |oclc=1134854794}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkrumah n'amambu mu no, Ghana dzii dwumason wɔ Ebibirmu amanaman nkitahodzi mu na fahodzi ne ngyee a aman a wɔwɔ Ebibirmu hɔn nsa kae no, Ghana dzii mu ntsin ara yie.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nkrumah 1953&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Nkrumah |first=Kwame |url=https://brbl-dl.library.yale.edu/vufind/Author?author=Nkrumah,+Kwame,+1909-1972 |title=[Letter: Kwamé Nkrumah to Richard Wright] |date=1953 |access-date=26 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803062728/https://brbl-dl.library.yale.edu/vufind/Author?author=Nkrumah,+Kwame,+1909-1972 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ber a wɔyɛɛ dɛ nkyɛ woboku no ma onyaa ne tsir dzidzii mu ekyir no, ɔman ne sikasɛm ntotoe bɛyɛɛ basaa, na afe 1960 mu dze rokɔ no dze Nkrumah n'amambu no dze ɔhyɛ bɔtoo ɔmamfo no do, na ɔammpen ma amanyɛkuw afofor biara annyɛ edwuma wɔ ɔman no mu na ambatow ahorow biara a ɔkɔr do no no mu annda hɔ na pɛrpɛryɛ biara so ammba mu so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mazrui|first=Ali|date=1966|title=Nkrumah: The Leninist Czar|journal=Transition|issue=26|pages=9–17|doi=10.2307/2934320|jstor=2934320|issn=0041-1191}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kilson|first=Martin L.|date=1963|title=Authoritarian and Single-Party Tendencies in African Politics|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/abs/authoritarian-and-singleparty-tendencies-in-african-politics/C06E363B216E1DC2324E77AABDE4FE40|journal=World Politics|language=en|volume=15|issue=2|pages=262–294|doi=10.2307/2009376|jstor=2009376|s2cid=154624186|issn=1086-3338|access-date=19 February 2022|archive-date=1 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201210711/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/world-politics/article/abs/authoritarian-and-singleparty-tendencies-in-african-politics/C06E363B216E1DC2324E77AABDE4FE40|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bretton|first=Henry L.|date=1958|title=Current Political Thought and Practice in Ghana*|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/current-political-thought-and-practice-in-ghana/01D51435240B4DD2FFCDF67F554FA682|journal=American Political Science Review|language=en|volume=52|issue=1|pages=46–63|doi=10.2307/1953012|jstor=1953012|s2cid=145766298|issn=1537-5943|access-date=19 February 2022|archive-date=1 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201201816/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/current-political-thought-and-practice-in-ghana/01D51435240B4DD2FFCDF67F554FA682|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016|title=Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah: visionary, authoritarian ruler and national hero|url=https://www.dw.com/en/ghanas-kwame-nkrumah-visionary-authoritarian-ruler-and-national-hero/a-19070359|website=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB|access-date=19 February 2022|archive-date=1 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201182454/https://www.dw.com/en/ghanas-kwame-nkrumah-visionary-authoritarian-ruler-and-national-hero/a-19070359|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=3 May 1964|title=Portrait of Nkrumah as Dictator|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/05/03/archives/portrait-of-nkrumah-as-dictator.html|access-date=19 February 2022|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=1 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201205439/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/05/03/archives/portrait-of-nkrumah-as-dictator.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afe 1964 mu no, nsesamu a ɔbaa Ghana Amambra mu maa Ghana bɛyɛɛ  ɔman a ɔgye amanyɛkuw kor pɛr to mu dɛ odzi ɔman no do, Nkrumah na ɔyɛ ɔmampanyin ma ɔman no nyinara na n'amanyɛkuw no so.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=VII. The Reluctant Nation|date=31 December 1964|work=One-Party Government in the Ivory Coast|pages=219–249|place=Princeton|publisher=Princeton University Press|doi=10.1515/9781400876563-012|isbn=978-1-4008-7656-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔhyɛɛ nsumaa mu hyɛɛ tsirmupɔw kuw na onyaa dɛm abɔdzin yi 'Ɔsagyefo Dr'.&lt;ref&gt;Commanding Heights, 1998&lt;/ref&gt; Wotuu Nkrumah adze do wɔ afe 1966 wɔ nsordaafo ntokwa bi mu a ɔyɛ CIA a National Liberation Council taa hɔn ekyir, ɔno no nhwɛdo na nna ɔman ne sikasɛm hyɛ hɔn nsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1995|title=Country capabilities and the strategic state: How national political institutions affect multinational corporations' strategies|journal=Long Range Planning|volume=28|issue=1|pages=142|doi=10.1016/0024-6301(95)92200-8|issn=0024-6301}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkrumah bɔɔ ne bra nkaa no wɔ Guinea, a wɔtoo ne dzin dze hyɛɛ no enyimnyam dɛ hɔn mampanyin no mu kor.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Birthday Quote 21st September|url=https://www.audlem.org/newsroom/headlines/birthday-quote-21092017.html|date=21 September 2017|website=AudlemOnline|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803033948/https://www.audlem.org/newsroom/headlines/birthday-quote-21092017.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nkrumah 1953&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;newtimes.co.rw&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kwame Nkrumah: Ghana's first president and a revered panafrican|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222725|date=31 October 2017|website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803031204/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222725|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abrabɔ Ahyɛse na Nwomasua ==

=== Gold Coast ===
Wɔwoo Kwame Nkrumah wɔ [[Benada]], bosoom Fankwa ne da a ɔtɔ do eduonu kor (21), wɔ afe 1909&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kwame Nkrumah: Non-Violence of Mahatma Gandhi in Ghana {{!}} Articles : On and By Gandhi|url=https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/nonviolence-of-Mahatma-Gandhi-in-Ghana.html|website=www.mkgandhi.org|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803020635/https://www.mkgandhi.org/articles/nonviolence-of-Mahatma-Gandhi-in-Ghana.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;LSE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/|title=Dr Kwame Nkrumah's History &amp; LSE Application Form.|publisher=London School of Economics|date=10 October 2018|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122230822/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsehistory/2018/10/10/kwame-nkrumah-lse/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; mu wɔ Nkroful, a ɔwɔ Gold Coast (ndɛ Ghana).&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/03/archives/man-in-the-news-an-african-enigma-kwame-nkrumah.html|title=Man in the News; An African Enigma; Kwame Nkrumah|newspaper=The New York Times|date=3 January 1964|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-date=1 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101020947/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/03/archives/man-in-the-news-an-african-enigma-kwame-nkrumah.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kwame Nkrumah's Politico-cultural Thought and Policies: An African-centered Paradigm for the Second Phase of the African Revolution&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Botwe-Asamoah |first=Kwame |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&amp;pg=PA1 |title=Kwame Nkrumah's Politico-cultural Thought and Policies: An African-centered Paradigm for the Second Phase of the African Revolution |date=2005 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-94833-3 |page=1 |access-date=12 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090708/https://books.google.com/books?id=OcTC2eDx5ZsC&amp;pg=PA1 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkroful yɛ ekura ketseaba bi a ɔwɔ Nzema,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Berry |first1=LaVerle Bennette |url=https://archive.org/details/ghanacountrystud00berr/page/27 |title=Ghana: a country study |last2=Library of Congress |first2=Federal Research Division |date=1995 |publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress |isbn=0844408352 |location=Washington DC |page=[https://archive.org/details/ghanacountrystud00berr/page/27 27] |access-date=21 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; wɔ Gold Coast n'Anaafo Atɔe do, a ɔbɛn French kurow a ɔdze Ivory Coast. N'egya annye n'ebusua no anntsena, mbom ɔyɛɛ edwuma wɔ Half Assini hɔ na ɔyɛɛ edwuma dɛ obi a otu sika kɔkɔɔ kesii ber a owui.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah {{!}} University of Education, Winneba|url=https://www.uew.edu.gh/lib-fetured/ghana-autobiography-kwame-nkrumah|access-date=2023-09-29|website=www.uew.edu.gh|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205164542/https://www.uew.edu.gh/lib-fetured/ghana-autobiography-kwame-nkrumah|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwame Nkrumah ne maame na ebusuafo na wɔtsetsee no, wɔtsenaa ase wɔ amambra mu na ɔwɔ ebusuafo a nna mpɛn pii no wɔbɛsera hɔn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Athelstan 'Half King' and his Family|work=The Danelaw|year=1992|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|doi=10.5040/9781472598837.ch-021|isbn=978-1-4725-9883-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔbɔɔ ne bra dɛ mbrɛ abofra bɛyɛ wɔ ne mbofrase, wɔ ekuraase hɔ, haban mu na po a ɔbɛn hɔn no ho.{{sfn|Rooney|p=7}}

Aber a nna ɔkɔ skuul wɔ United States no, nna wonyim no dɛ Francis Nwia Kofi Nkrumah, Kofi nye dzin a wɔdze ma mbanyimfo a wɔwoo hɔn Fida.{{sfn|Rooney|p=7}} Ekyir no ɔsesaa dzin bɛyɛɛ Kwame Nkrumah wɔ 1945 wɔ UK, osiandɛ nna ɔpɛ dzin Kwame no.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Yakubu|first=Mutala|date=21 September 2019|title=Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Day: Dr Kwame Nkrumah 'A son of the soil'|work=Prime New Ghana|url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/kwame-nkrumah-memorial-day-dr-kwame-nkrumah-a-son-of-the-soil.html|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=24 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924034747/https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/kwame-nkrumah-memorial-day-dr-kwame-nkrumah-a-son-of-the-soil.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Graphic Online Article&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html|title=Biography of Ghana's first President, Dr Kwame Nkrumah|date=8 March 2016|publisher=Graphic Online|access-date=21 August 2017|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619140316/https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dɛ mbrɛ Ebenezer Obiri Addo kae wɔ no nwomasua wɔ daakye ɔmampanyin no ho no, dzin &quot;Nkrumah&quot; yɛ dzin a amambra mu no wɔdze ma abofra ɔtɔ do akron wɔ n'awofo hɔn mba mu, dɛm ntsi nna ɔkyerɛ dɛ Kwame wɔ dɛm bɔbea no wɔ ne papa ne fie, osiandɛ nna n'egya wɔ yernom beberee ntsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kwame Nkrumah|url=http://www.tvafrique.com/kwame-nkrumah/|last=Service|first=Support|website=TV Afrique|language=en-US|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=18 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018205429/http://www.tvafrique.com/kwame-nkrumah/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ne papa, Ɔpanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, fi Nkrofol a ɔwɔ Nzema Epuei a seseiara wɔfrɛ no Ellembele, a ofi Nsona ebusuakuw no mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-21|title=Details of Opanyin Kofi Nwiana Ngolomah, father of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Details-of-Opanyin-Kofi-Nwiana-Ngolomah-father-of-Dr-Kwame-Nkrumah-1362364|access-date=2023-09-29|website=GhanaWeb|language=en|archive-date=21 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021024909/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Details-of-Opanyin-Kofi-Nwiana-Ngolomah-father-of-Dr-Kwame-Nkrumah-1362364|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ dɛ, Ngolomah tsenaa Tarkwa-Nsuaem na hɔ na ɔtsenae yɛɛ sika kɔkɔɔ ho edwuma no.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peace FM Article&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php|title=From Ngolomah To Nkrumah|date=21 September 2009|publisher=Peace FM|access-date=20 August 2017|archive-date=20 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngolomah yɛ obi a nna wɔdze enyidzi ma no yie osian n'afotupa a ɔdze ma nkorɔfo fa nsɛm a ɔfa abrabɔ ho na dza osi wɔ fie nyina ho ntsi. Owui wɔ 1927.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kwame Nkrumah's Politico-cultural Thought and Policies: An African-centered Paradigm for the Second Phase of the African Revolution&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nkrumah's Family&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nkrumahinfobank.org/article.php?id=100&amp;c=11|title=Nkrumah's Family|publisher=Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah Infobank|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817034351/http://www.nkrumahinfobank.org/article.php?id=100&amp;c=11|archive-date=17 August 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nna Kwame ne maame dzi no ba kor.{{sfn|Rooney|p=7}} Ɔdze no kɔr mbofraber mu skuul a ɔyɛ Catholic Nsɛmpakafo Skuul a wɔwɔ Half Assini, na ɔkyerɛɛ dɛ ɔyɛ osuanyi a ɔbɔ noho mbɔdzen.{{sfn|Rooney|pp=7–8}}

Mbom ne maame a ne dzin nye Elizabeth Nyanibah (1876/77-1979),&lt;ref name=&quot;Graphic Online Article2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html|title=Biography of Ghana's first President, Dr Kwame Nkrumah|date=8 March 2016|publisher=Graphic Online|access-date=21 August 2017|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619140316/https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/biography-of-ghana-s-first-president-dr-kwame-nkrumah.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/499/profile.htm|title=Fathia Nkrumah: Farewell to all that|work=Al-Ahram Weekly|date=20 September 2009|quote=Grandmother Nyaneba, then well into her 90s, waited patiently for her son. Mother stood by her side. Grandmother was determined to remain alive to witness Nkrumah's triumphant return to Ghana. Only after her hand was placed on his coffin did the old woman at last accept that he was dead. Grandmother was to pass away seven years later in my mother's arms, aged 102.|issue=499|access-date=21 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821212904/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2000/499/profile.htm|archive-date=21 August 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ekyir yi wɔkyerɛɛ afe a wɔdze woo no dɛ 1912, Nkrumah kyerɛɛw dɛ wɔwoo no [[Fankwa]] 21,1909. Ne maame fi Nsuaem na ɔka Agona ebusuakuw noho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Nkrumah, Dr Kwame, ((21 Sept. 2009 – 27 April 1972)|date=1 December 2007|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u158013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ɔtɔn nam na ɔtɔn ndzɛmba ber a ɔwar ne papa no. Nda awɔtwe wɔ n'awo ekyir no, ne papa dze no to ebusuanyi bi wɔfrɛ na wɔfrɛɛ no Francis Nwiah-Kofi mbom ekyir no,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kwame Nkrumah's Politico-cultural Thought and Policies: An African-centered Paradigm for the Second Phase of the African Revolution&quot; /&gt; n'awofo too no dzin Francis Kwame Ngolomah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peace FM Article2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php|title=From Ngolomah To Nkrumah|date=21 September 2009|publisher=Peace FM|access-date=20 August 2017|archive-date=20 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820160658/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/200909/27258.php|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ɔkɔr do wie mfe du mbofraber mu elementary skuul no wɔ mfe awɔtwe mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Brooks|first=E. C.|date=1913|title=Seven, Eight, and Nine Years in the Elementary School|journal=The Elementary School Teacher|volume=14|issue=1|pages=20–28|doi=10.1086/454260|s2cid=144643192|issn=1545-5858|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; 1925 mu no, Nna ɔyɛ osuanyi kyerɛkyerɛnyi wɔ skuul no mu na wɔbɔɔ n'esu wɔ Catholic gyadzi mu. Ber a ɔwɔ skuul no hɔ no, nna Sofo panyin Reverend Alec Garden Fraser a ɔyɛ Aban Training College(ɔnnkyɛr biara nna ɔrebɛyɛ Achimota skuul) panyin rohwɛ no dwumadzi wɔ Gold Coast ahenkurow, Nkran. Fraser nhyehyɛɛ dɛ ɔnye Nkrumah behyia dɛ wɔbɛtsetse no dɛ kyerɛkyerɛnyi wɔ no skuul hɔ.{{sfn|Rooney|pp=7–8}}{{sfn|Owusu-Ansah|p=239}} Ha no, Columbia- nwomasuanyi Skuul panyin abadziekyir Kwegyir Aggrey maa ohun adwen ɔfa [[Marcus Garvey]] na [[W. E. B. Du Bois]]. Aggrey, Fraser, na nkorɔfo binom a wɔwɔ Achimota dween dɛ ɔwɔ dɛ anyenkofa ba ntsinoahyew ɔda ebibifo na aborɔfo ntamu a ɔfa Gold Coast amambu ho, mbom Nkrumah, bɔpen Garvey, hyease gye dzii dɛ ebibifo dzin hɔnho do a nna obeyi ntsinoahyew a ɔda aborɔfo na ebibifo ntsamu.{{sfn|Rooney|p=9}}{{sfn|Addo|pp=53–54}}

Onyaa n'abɔdzin krataa wɔ Prince of Wales' College wɔ Achimota 1930 mu no,&lt;ref name=&quot;Graphic Online Article&quot; /&gt; wɔmaa Nkrumah adzekyerɛ bea wɔ Roman Catholic mbofraber mu skuul wɔ Elmina 1931 mu,&lt;ref name=&quot;Graphic Online Article&quot; /&gt; Afe kor ekyir no, Wɔyɛɛ no skuul panyin wɔ a skuul a ɔwɔ Axim. Axim mu no, ɔhyɛɛ ase dze noho hyɛɛ amanyɛsɛm mu na ɔtseew Nzema Literary Society. 1933 mu no, wɔfaa no dɛ skuul panyin wɔ Catholic Seminary wɔ Amissano.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kwame Nkrumah: An Intellectual Biography|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28819/1/10672987.pdf|last=Biney|first=Barbara Ama|date=April 2007|website=University of London|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615140618/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28819/1/10672987.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;africanakua.com2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=WOMEN, TRUE FIGHTERS OF FREEDOM – AFRICA NAKUA|url=https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/|language=en-US|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mbom arabɔ a ɔwɔ hɔ yɛ nhyɛdo, nna ɔpɛ, na ɔyɛɛ dɛ ɔbɛyɛ mbrɛ ɔtse. Nkrumah nna ɔatse nsɛmkyerɛw na daakye Nigeria Mampanyin Nnamdi Azikiwe kasaa ber a ɔyɛ osuanyi wɔ Achimota; nyimapa ebien no hyiaa na Azikiwe no nsunsuando maa Nkrumah nyaa ɔpɛpa wɔ ebibifo hɔn amambu mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Azikiwe, Nnamdi|date=7 April 2005|work=African American Studies Center|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.40103|isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kyerɛkyerɛnyi obaabun yi sii n'adwen dɛ ɔbɔtoa no nwomasua do.&lt;ref name=&quot;africanakua.com2&quot; /&gt; Azikiwe nna ɔakɔ Lincoln Osuapɔn, abakɔsɛm mu no, ɔyɛ ebibifo skuul a ɔwɔ Chester County, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Atɔe, na ɔmaa Nkrumah afotu dɛ ɔnkɔ skuul wɔ hɔ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Rahman |first=Ahmad A. |title=The Regime Change of Kwame Nkrumah |url=https://archive.org/details/regimechangeofkw0000rahm |date=2007 |isbn=978-1-349-52903-2 |language=en-gb |doi=10.1057/9780230603486}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nkrumah a oenntwa London Osuapɔn nyienyim nsɔwhwɛ no, nyaa sika maa akwantu no na no nwomasua no fir n'ebuafo nkyɛn. Ɔfaa anamɔn kwan kɔr Britain, bea osuaa adze, wɔ no nkwaado, wɔ Italy dzii Ethiopia do, Ebibir aman no mu kor nna ɔdze noho. Odur United States, [[Ɔbɛsɛ]] 1935 mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;africanakua.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=WOMEN, TRUE FIGHTERS OF FREEDOM – AFRICA NAKUA|url=https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/|language=en-US|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421220037/https://africanakua.com/2019/05/22/women-true-fighters-of-freedom/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;newtimes.co.rw2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kwame Nkrumah: Ghana's first president and a revered panafrican|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222725|date=31 October 2017|website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda|language=en|access-date=26 May 2020|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803031204/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222725|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Rooney|pp=9–12}}

=== United States ===
Dɛ mbrɛ abakɔsɛmnyi John Henrik Clarke kaa no n&lt;nowiki&gt;'atekel wɔ Nkrumah Amɛrika akwantu,''nsunsuado a mfe du a ɔhwer no Amɛrika nyaa nsunsuando wɔ nsunsuado dɛ ɔkyɛr hɔ wɔ n'abrabɔ mu''. Nkrumah pɛɛ dɛ onya kwan wɔ Lincoln Osuapɔn mu ber kakra nna ɔahyɛ n'&lt;/nowiki&gt;adzesua ase wɔhɔ. Wɔ Fida, Ɛbɔw 1,1935, ɔkyerɛɛw krataa kɛmaa skuul no dɛ ɔrepɛ skuul no edzi afe a wɔmmaa no mbuae biara. Ber obodur New York wɔ Ɔbɛsɛ 1935 mu no, otuu kwn kɔr Pennsylvania, hɔ na wogyee no mpo a nna ohia sika a ɔdze botum etua skuul kaw no nyinara. Onyaa kradze a otuaa ne skuuul akaw wɔ Lincoln Osuapɔn mu. Sikasɛm hiaa no mber a odzii no US mu nyinara. Ɔpɛ dɛ ɔsɔw ano no, ɔyɛɛ edwuma nketseketse dɛ ɔtɔn enam na nkokɔ, apepa dwuma, adzewor dwuma na dza ɔkeka ho. Kwesida biara, ɔkɔ asɔr wɔ Ebibifo Baser Asɔr wɔ Philadelphia na wɔ New York so.

Nkrumah wiee Bachelor of Arts degree in economics na sociology wɔ 1939 mu. Lincoln no dɛ Kyerɛkyerɛnyi abadziekyir wɔ Adwenkyerɛ adzesua mu. Ɔhyɛɛ ase nyaa nsato dɛ ɔbɛyɛ asɛmpakanyi wɔ Baser asɔrasɔr a ɔwɔ Philadelphia na New York. 1939 mu no, Nkrumah kɔr Lincoln's seminary na wɔ Ivy League institution no, Pennsylvania Osuapɔn no a ɔwɔ Philadelphia mu na 1942 mu no, wɔdze no hyɛɛ Mu chapter mu a ɔyɛ Phi Beta Sigma fraternity a ɔwɔ Lincoln Osuapɔn mu. Nkrumah nyaa Bachelor wɔ Theology degree fir Lincoln 1942 mu, osuanyin a odzii kan. Onyaa ne Master of Arts degree in philosophy na Master of Science nwomasua mu fir Penn. Ber a ɔwɔ Penn no, Nkrumah nye kasasuanyi bi a wɔfrɛ no William Everett Welmers yɛɛ edwuma, ɔno na n'akenkan ndzɛmba na ɔno na ɔyɛɛ ahyease adze a odziikan boa no ma otum hun nkasafua dwumadzi wɔ ne Fante kasa mu a ɔyɛ Akan kasa. Nkrumah wɔsan dze no kɔr Prince Hall Freemasonry ber a nna ɔtse United Statses no.

Nkrumah hweer ne ɔpɛ ber no w Harlem, Ebibifo abrabɔ finimfin, adwen na amambra. Onyaa dan na edwuma wɔ New York City wɔ ahokyer mu na ɔdze noho hyɛɛ nkorɔfo no mu. Ɔhweer ewimbir pii a otsie nsɛm na ɔnye nkorɔfo a wɔkasa kwan do no nya akasakasa, na Clarke kyerɛ a, Kwame Nkrumah mfe a odzii no Amɛrika no nye yi; 

Ewimbir yi no boaa Kwame Nkrumah N'amɛreka nwomasua yie. Nna ɔrokɔ suapɔn . Suapɔn no a ɔwɔ Harlem abɔntsen no. Iyi nnyɛ mber kakra na dɛm abɔntsen akasafo wɔnnyɛ nyimpa a wɔda famu.... Harlem abɔntsen yɛ beebi a obiara tum kasa, iyi nyimpa bi wɔakadar wɔ kasa mu tse dɛ Arthur Reed na ne protege Ira Kemp. Ɔbaabun Carlos Cook [''sic''], nyaae tseew Garvey oriented African Pioneer Movement nna ɔwɔ hɔ bi, nna ɔdze anadwe nsɛm bi rebrɛ n'ekyirdzifo. Ber a woridzi dwuma bi no, Suji Abdul Hamid [''sic''], Harlem odwumayɛnyi a ɔagye dzin, dze anadwe yɛkyerɛ ba na ɔper ndwuma ahorow beberee ma Ebibifo wɔ hɔn ankasa hɔn kurow mu. Iyi ka Harlem abɔntsen agodzi ho a osuanyi Kwame Nkrumah bɔtoe na ɔhwɛe.

Nkrumah nna ɔyɛ osuanyi a ɔdze noho hyɛ dwumadzi nyinara mu, wɔtseew kuw bi a nna ɔyɛ Ebibirfo esuafo a wɔwɔ Pennsylvania na otsimtsim no bɛyɛɛ Ebibifo esuafo kuw a wɔwɔ Amɛrika na Canada, ɔbɛyɛɛ hɔn panyin. Binom dween dɛ dɛm kuw no bɔboa ma woenya hɔnara hɔn fahodzi; Nkrumah faa Pan-African adwɛmpɔw bi. Nkrumah yɛɛ edwumasom wɔ Pan-African nhyiamu a ɔkɔr do wɔ New York 1944 mu, ɔno na ɔmaa United States, ber wiadze ɔko a ɔtɔdo ebien baa ewiei no, bɔhwɛ aboa Ebibiman etumpɔn na wɔadze hɔnho.

Ne Kyerɛkyerɛnyi a ɔayɛ panyin Aggrey nna oewu 1929 mu wɔ US, na 1942 mu no, Nkrumah dzii amambra som enyim maa Aggrey wɔ ne nda mu. Iyi ma ɔnye Lincol dzii mpaapaamu, mbom ber a ɔsɔr dɛ ɔreba Gold Coast no,ɔsan nekyir wɔ 1951 dɛ ɔbɛgyɛ enyimnyamhɛ abodzin. Ekyirsan mu no, Nkrumah ne dɔkota akyerɛwtsen no ennwie mudzi, Nna ɔafa Francis ber ɔwɔ Amissano seminary no; 1945 mu, ɔfaa dzin Kwame Nkrumah.

Nkrumah kenkaan mbuukuu a ɔfa amanyɛsɛm ho na Nyamesɛm ho, na ɔkyerɛɛ esuafo adze wɔ philosophymu. 1943 mu no, Nkrumah hyiaa Trinidadian Marxist C. L. R. James, Russian expatriate Raya Dunayevskaya, na Chinese-American Grace Lee Boggs, a hɔn nyinara ka American-based Marxist enyimdzefo cohort ho. Nkrumah ekyir no bɔɔ James abawdo dɛ ɔkyerɛɛ no adze. &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;kwan a edwuma kuw nketsenketse yɛɛ edwuma&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Federal Bureau of Investigation ndzɛmba ɔfa Nkrumah ho, dze siee fir Sanda kɛpem Esusuowa aketseaba 1945, hun dɛ obotum ayɛ nyimpa tsitsir dzibew wɔ no. Nkrumah yɛɛ dɛ ɔbɔkɔ London, ɔpɛɛ dɛ ɔbɔtoa ne nwomasua do wɔ hɔ seisiara a wiadze ko z ɔtɔdo ebien no etwa mu no. James, wɔ 1945 nsɛm bi kɛmaa Nkrumah dɛ Trinidad-born George Padmore wɔ London, kyerɛɛw: &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Dɛm obaabun yi reba wo nkyɛn. ɔhyɛda nnyɛ nyimpa a noho tsew, mbom yɛ dza wobotum biara boa no osiandɛ ɔpɛ dɛ otu Aborɔfo no fi Ebibiman mu&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;.

=== London ===
Nkrumah sanee kɔr London wɔ bosoom [[Esusow Aketseaba]] wɔ afe 1945 mu na ɔdze ne dzin kɛhyɛɛ London School of Economics dɛ PhD kandzifo wɔ Anthropology mu. Ɔtwee noho wɔ afe kor ekyir na afe a edzi hɔ no ɔdze ne dzin kɛhyɛɛ Suapɔn Kɔlege (University College London), a nna n'adwen nye dɛ ɔbɛkyerɛw nyansapɛ ho asɛm a ɔfa &quot;Nyimdzee na Ntseasee mu Positivism (Knowledge and Logical Positivism)&quot; ho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Matera|first=Marc|date=2010|title=Colonial Subjects: Black Intellectuals and the Development of Colonial Studies in Britain|journal=Journal of British Studies|volume=49|issue=2|pages=388–418|doi=10.1086/649838|jstor=23265207|s2cid=143861344|issn=0021-9371}}&lt;/ref&gt; No hwɛdofo (supervisor), A. J. Ayer, ammpɛ dɛ ɔbɛbu Nkrumah dɛ &quot;nyansapɛfo a odzi kan - (first-class philosopher)&quot;, na ɔkaa dɛ, &quot;M'enyi gyee noho na m'enyi gyee ho dɛ me na ɔno bɛkasa mbom nna ɔtse dɛ dza onnyi adwen a ɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ m'enyi do. Nna ɔpɛ mbuae ntsɛntsɛm dodow. Mususu dɛ ebia ɔhaw no fa bi nye dɛ nna ɔmmfa n’adwen nnsi n’asɛmti no do dzendzenndzen nna ɔyɛ ɔkwan a ɔfa do hyɛ ber ahyɛnsewdzi kesi dɛ hokwan no baa dɛ ɔbɛsan aba Ghana.&quot;{{sfn|Sherwood|p=115}} Ewiei koraa no, Nkrumah dze ne dzin kɛhyɛɛ mbra ho adzesua mu (study in law) wɔ Gray’s Inn, mbom oennwie.{{sfn|Sherwood|p=115}}

Nkrumah dze ne ber yɛɛ amanyɛsɛm ahyehyɛdze ahorow. Nna ɔnye Padmore ka nhyehyɛɛfo tsitsir, na sikakorafo a wɔka ho, wɔ Pan-African Congress a ɔtɔ do enum (5th) wɔ Manchester (15–19 bosoom [[Ɔbɛsɛ]] afe 1945).&lt;ref name=&quot;Martin&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Martin |first=G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rqYEhtONIBgC |title=African Political Thought |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-137-06205-5 |access-date=31 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418090708/https://books.google.com/books?id=rqYEhtONIBgC |archive-date=18 April 2023 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nhyiam no kyerɛkyerɛɛ ɔkwan bi a wɔbɛfa do dze Afrika sohyialism (African socialism) esi etubrafo ananmu. Wɔgye toom dɛ wobedzi Afrika United States a ɔyɛ ɔman kor (1) ekyi, a mantɔw ahyehyɛdze ahorow a ɔka bom wom, a ɔnam aman ahorow a ɛsono emu biara a hɔn tumidzi kakraa bi do dzi do.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Fulcher|first=James|date=1 November 2000|title=Globalisation, the Nation-State and Global Society|journal=The Sociological Review|language=en|volume=48|issue=4|pages=522–543|doi=10.1111/1467-954X.00231|s2cid=145019590|issn=0038-0261}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wɔyɛɛ nhyehyɛɛ dɛ wɔbɛdzi Afrika amambra fofor ekyi a mbusuakuw nnyi mu, demokrase wɔ sohyialism nhyehyɛɛ mu (democratic within a socialist system), dze atsetsesɛm afa horow na ndɛyi nsusuwii afra, na sɛ ɔbɛyɛ yie a, wɔbɛfa akwan a basabasayɛ nnyim do ayɛ eyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gebe&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|first=Boni Yao|last=Gebe|url=http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol2no3/GhanasForeignPolicyAtIndependenceAnd.pdf|title=Ghana's Foreign Policy at Independence and Implications for the 1966 Coup D'état|journal=Journal of Pan African Studies|volume=2|issue=3|date=March 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611023640/http://www.jpanafrican.com/docs/vol2no3/GhanasForeignPolicyAtIndependenceAnd.pdf|archive-date=11 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hɔn a wɔbaa nhyiam no ase no bi nYe obufo W. E. B. Du Bois na ibinom a ekyir wodzii kan dzii hɔn aman enyim kɔɔ ahofadzi mu, a [[Hastings Banda]] a ofi Nyasaland (a ɔbɛyɛɛ Malawi), [[Jomo Kenyatta]] a ofi Kenya na Obafemi Awolowo a ofi Nigeria ka ho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Running away from our own shadows&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Running away from our own shadows|url=https://www.ippmedia.com/en/features/running-away-our-own-shadows|website=www.ippmedia.com|date=23 March 2020|language=en|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-date=3 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803001032/https://www.ippmedia.com/en/features/running-away-our-own-shadows|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Rooney|p=23}}

Nhyiamu no hwehwɛɛ dɛ wɔdze Afrikafo dwumadzi a ɔkɔ do wɔ Britain besi hɔ a wɔnye Afrika Atɔe Fam Ɔman Ɔkyerɛwfo Dwumadzibew (West African National Secretariat - WANS) abom ayɛ edwuma dze eyi Afrika etubrafo efi hɔ. Nkrumah bɛyɛɛ WANS kyerɛwfo (secretary). Wɔ hwehwɛ a ɔhwehwɛɛ dɛ ɔbɛhyehyɛ Afrikafo ma wɔanya hɔn aman ahofadzi ekyi no, Nkrumah hwehwɛɛ dɛ ɔbɛboa Afrika Atɔe Fam po so hyɛn mu adwumayɛfo pii a na wɔakɔda, ahia wɔn, wɔ London wɔ ɔko no awiei no, na ɔhyehyɛɛ Edwumayɛfo a hɔn Kɔla Ahorow Fekuw bi dɛ wɔbɛma hɔn tumi na wɔaboa hɔn. U.S. Ɔman Dwumadzibew na MI5 hwɛɛ Nkrumah na WANS, na wɔdze hɔn adwen sii ebusuabɔ a ɔda wɔnye Komunis ntsam no do. Nkrumah na Padmore hyehyɛɛ kuw bi a wɔfrɛ no The Circle dɛ wondzi enyim mma Afrika Atɔe fam ahofadzi na koryɛ; kuw no botae nye dɛ wɔbɛhyehyɛ Afrika Sohyialist Aman Nkabom Kuw (Union of African Socialist Republics). Wohuu krataa bi a efi The Circle, a ɔkyerɛ dɛm botae no wɔ Nkrumah do ber a wɔkyeree no wɔ Accra wɔ afe 1948 mu no, na Britania etumfo (British authorities) dze dzii dwuma tsiaa no.{{sfn|Rooney|p=25}}

== San baa Gold Coast no ==

=== United Gold Coast Convention ===
1946 Gold Coast ɔmambra no maa ebibifo dodow noara bɛkɛɛ mbrahyɛbagua kuw noho ber a odzikan. Hɔn dɛ anamɔn tsitsir a ɔdze rokɔ hɔn ankasa woridzi hɔnho do, dɛm nhyehyɛɛ fofor yi maa amambu fofor yi hɔn amanyɛkuw a odzikan a wɔtseew no Fankwa, 1947, The United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC). UGCC no hwehwɛɛ hɔn ankasa amambu amonmu hɔara. Dɛ mbrɛ hɔn akandzifo no nyinara yɛ abenfo no, nna wohia dɛ wptua obi kaw ama woedzi hɔn enyim, na hɔn pɛ no tɔɔ Nkrumah do wɔ Ako Adjei no nsusui. Nkrumah ampɛn mbom ohun dɛ UGCC no nna hɔn wodzi enyim nna hɔn botae yɛ kor na ohun dɛ dɛm dzibew no bobue kwan ama no n'amanyɛ nsɛm mu na ɔpɛn do. British mpanyimfo ho bisaa no n'sɛm faa dɛ ɔbɛyɛ kandzinyi biribiara bɛhyɛ aban no nsa wiei no, Nkrumah for MV Nkran wɔ Liverpool wɔ 1947 mu dɛ ɔreba fie.

Akwansiwdze tsiawa bi a osii n'akwan mu wɔ Sierra Leone, Liberia, na Ivory Coast no, odur Gold Coast hɔ na ɔtsenaa kakra na ɔnye ne maame nyaa nkabom wɔ Tarkwa. Ɔhyɛɛ edwuma ase wɔ amanyɛkuw hɛdkɔtɛse wɔ Saltpond wɔ Mumu 29,1947 hɔ na cyɛɛ edwuma dɛ hɔn kyerɛwkyerɛwfo panyin. Nkrumah ntsɛmpanara dze adwen bi baa dɛ wɔntsetsew UGCC nkorbata bebiree wɔ Ɔman no nyinara mu na wɔntsew etua sɛ ɔbɛyɛ yie a ama aboa hɔn amanyɛkuw no. Dɛm dwumadzinyi yɛ ndzeyɛɛ no kyɛɛ amanyɛkuw amambu kuw no mu, a nna J.B Danɛuah dzi hɔn enyim. Nkrumah hyɛɛ ase tuu akwan ama oenya sika ama UGCC no na ɔatsetseew nkorbata afofor.

Yɛhwɛɛ a nna Gold Coast no etumpɔn akyen Bristainfo amanyɛkuw a ɔwɔ Ebibir Atɔe a wɔdzi do no, nna hɔn bo ndwe do na ntsease wɔ mu. Ako a ɔbaa ekyir no ama amansan no nyinara hɔn bo efuw dɛ ndzɛmba bo akɔ sor, ɔtoado dɛ woguu ndwuma nketseaba a nna Arabafo yɛ ɔhyɛɛ ase Sanda 1948. Kookoo Ekuafo hɔn bo fuuw osiandɛ kookoo aba a ɔsow paa yie akatse sɛɛ no, mbom nna kookoo no sow aba, eso nkorɔfo a wodzi hɔn do so sɛɛ no. Nna nyimpa bɛyɛ 63,000 ɔko a ɔtɔdo ebien no hɔn ho kaa no wɔ Gold Coast, bebiree nna wɔwowɔ ɔhaw dɛ wobenya edwuma ayɛ na wohum dɛ hɔn a woridzi hɔn do no nnyɛɛ biribiara asɔw hɔn enyinsua no ano. Nkrumah na Danquah nye nsordarfo a ɔakɔ ahomgye mu no kuw no dzii nhyiamu wɔ Nkran wɔ Kwarkwar, 1948, a wɔyɛɛ ansaana woetu anamɔn akɔ osiananmu no hɔ dze han adzesrɛ akɔto n'enyim. Dɛm anamɔntu no kɔr do Kwarkwar 28, nyimpa ebiasa a wodzi mu akotsen no Porisifo hɔn itur kuum hɔn, iyi dze 1948 Kran oyene no bɔbɔɔ adze, a ɔmanmu no nyinara tsee. Nkrumah noho nsɛm kyerɛ dɛ, David Birmingham, &quot;West Africa's erstwhile &quot;model colony&quot; Dze n'enyi hun oyene na edwumayɛfo bea wɔtɔn hɔn ndzɛmba sɛɛ. Ebibifo hɔn rɛboluhyɛn no ahyɛ ase.

Ndzido aban no nna ɔdwen dɛ UGCC aban wɔyɛ nkorɔfo bi a wɔnngye hɔn ahom, na wɔkyer akandzifo esia, a ɔyɛ Nkrumah na Danquah ka ho bi. Dɛm akɛsefo esia yi nyinara wɔdze hɔn bɔɔ mu wɔ Kumase, wotsiiw adzesoa a ɔda Nkrumah na nkaa no ntamu, a wɔdze etiɔtsew no ho kwaadu bɔɔ no na hɔn adwempɔw. Ekyir yi a Ndzidofo yi hun dɛ binom ahyehyɛ dɛ wɔbɛsɛɛ efiadze no, wɔtsetsee nkorɔfo esia no mu, a wɔdze Nkrumah kɔr Lawra; nyimpa esia no nyinara wogyaa hɔn wɔ Ɛbɔwbira 1948. Esuafo na Akyerɛkyerɛfo bebiree yɛɛ ɔyɛkyerɛ dɛ wobegyaa hɔn na wotuu hɔn hyɛɛ da fofor; Nkrumah, ɔdze noara ne fotow, hyɛɛ Ghana National College ase. Iyi dwumadzi ahorow bi ho a UGCC kuw mba no bɔɔ no kwaadu dɛ ɔreyɛ edwuma wɔ amanyɛkuw no dzin mu a wɔanngyɛ tum biara. Wosuroo dɛ wɔbɛyɛ hɔn bɔn dɛ wobefi amanyɛkuw no ho dɛ wɔbɛka ho, wɔyɛɛ adwen dɛ wɔbɛyɛ no hɔn fotow hwɛdofo enyimnyam mu. Nkrumah dɛ ɔagye dzin, ɔatahye beebira, ɔayɛ kɛse dɛ ɔtseew ''Accra Evening News'',a nna ɔnnyɛ amanyɛɛkuw ne dze mbom nna Nkrumah noara na nyimapa bi dze. Ɔsanso tseew kuw bi wɔ Youth Organization (CYO) ɔyɛ mbaabun fa ɔwɔ UGCC mu. Annkyer biara na ɔtseew no ho na onyaa ngyedo dzin &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Ahodzido Aban seisiara&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;. CYO no kaa eusafo bɔɔ mu, Nsordarfo a wɔkɔ ahomgye mu, na mbasiafo eguadzifo. Nkrumah san dzii ehyia wɔ no ho nsɛm mu dɛ ɔbɛtsew noho efi UGCC ho no yɛ adze a ɔyɛ ho biribiara a ɔnnyɛ yie, na ɔpɛ dɛ nkorɔfo no nyinara bedzi n'ekyir ber woentwiwoentwi aba no. Nkrumah n'ebisa ama fahodzi &quot;Free-Dom&quot; ama mbaabun bebiree a wonya edwuma nnyɛ a woefi kuayɛ na nkurase aba kurow kɛse mu. Wɔfaa ndwom adadaw bɛyɛɛ ndwom afofor a wɔkyerɛ fahodzi a ɔdze ɔgyee akwantufo, na Nkrumah noara noho, na nyimpadzm yɛkyerɛ wɔ Gold Coast nkwaado.

Amansan kasa bi a Aaron Mike Oquaye dze too gua kyerɛ dɛ, ɔkyerɛɛ dɛ nhyiamu bi kɔr do wɔ Saltpond, kurow bi a ɔwɔ Finimfin Mantɔw mu, a Nkrumah na UGCC nkorɔfo bi hɔ na Nkrumah kaa dɛ ɔnngye adwenkyerɛ bi a ɔbɛma nkorɔfo hɔn fahodzi nntum.

=== Convention People's Party ===
Ɔhyɛɛ ase wɔ Ɛbɔwbira 1949 mu, nna nhyɛdo bi wɔ Nkrumah do fir n'ekyirdzifo wofii UGCC mu na wɔtseew hɔnara amanyɛkuw. Wɔ Ɔbiredzr 12,1949 mu no, ɔdze too gua dɛ ɔatsew Convention People's Party (CPP) no, a ɔyɛ kasafua &quot;convention&quot; a wɔfaa, Nkrumah kyerɛ a, &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɔbɛfa nyimpadɔm n'aka hɔnho&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Nna ɔyɛ kwan a ɔdze resa UGCC hɔn nfirmu no; Ayɛwoho kor bi, ɔyɛɛ adwen dɛ wɔbɛyɛ Nkrumah dɛ hɔn kyerɛwkyerɛwfo na ɔasɛe CPP no. Mbom Nkrumah n'ekyirdzifo no anngye annto mu, na wɔtotɔoserɛɛ no dɛ mma ɔngyɛ nto mu na ongyina dɛ hɔn panyin.

CPP faa Akokɔ banyim kɔkɔɔ no dɛ n'ahyɛnsewdze - Ebuasuakuw ahorow nyim dɛm adze yi, na ɔyɛ akandzifo hɔn ahyɛnsew, kradoyɛ, na mbanyimyɛ. Amanyɛkuw n'ahyɛnsew na n'ahosu(Kɔkɔɔ, Fitaa na ahambanmon) ɔda edzi wɔ atam mu, frankaa, ahɛn na adan ho. CPP dwumadzifo twiw ahɛn a ɔyɛ Kɔkɔɔ-Fitaa na Ahabanmon wɔ ɔman no nyinara mu, robɔ ndwom na amansan ekyirdzifo ɔyɛkyerɛ ma amanyɛkuw no na nkankan ama Nkrumah. Dɛm dwumadzi yi kɔr do dwodwoodwo, nkankanara osiandɛ amankuw a oetwa mu no hɔn dwumadzi wɔ Gold Coast mu no nyinara dzi hɔn enyi esi nkurow akɛse enyimdzifo no do.

British no faa nkorɔfo kumaa bi a wɔka finimfin kuw a wɔyɛ Ebibifo, a akɛsefo esia no ka ho kyedɛ Nkrumah pɛr, dɛ wɔbɛyɛ ɔmanbra fofor a ɔbɛma Gold Coast no hɔn ankasa hɔn aban obedzi hɔn do. Nkrumah hun, mpo ber a dwumadzi yi ho nsɛmkaa bɛba, dɛ noho nyimpa wɔdze bɛba no bɔtɔ sin wɔ ndzido gyinapɛn ho., na ɔhyɛɛ ase faa nkorɔfo a wɔbɔbɔ dwumadzi pa ho amandzɛɛ. Nkrumah pɛɛ dɛ wobenya kuw bi a wɔbɛkyerɛw amanbra no. Ber a panyin, Charles Arden-Clarke, bɛtse iyi ase no, Nkrumah frɛɛ dwumadzi papa no, a kuw no nyinara tseew etua a ɔhyɛɛ ase wɔ Sanda 8, 1950. Etuatsew no dze oyene baa, na Nkrumah na CPP mpanyimfo nkaa no wɔkyer hɔn wɔ Sanda 22, na ''Evening News'' woguu no. Wɔdze Nkrumah kɔtio efiadze afe ebiasa, na wɔdze kwaadu a ɔyɛ bɔn nketsenketse too no do wɔ Accra's Fort James.

Nkrumah n'abedziekyir Komla Agbeli Gbedemah, dzii CPP enyim ber Nkrumah nnyi hɔ no; ɔkandzinyi a ɔda efiadze no tum hyehyɛɛ dwumadzi ɔnam nwiamu kwan do a ɔkyerɛw krataa wɔ tiefi krataa do. British no hyɛhyɛɛ abatow bi maa Gold Coast ɔnam ɔman mbra fofor no do, na Nkrumah hyɛɛ dɛ CPP mba no mper ngua no nyinara. Nna ndzɛmba mu adwe ɔnam dɛ Nkrumah wɔ afiadze no, na CPP na Bristish yɛɛ edwuma bɔɔ mu dɛ wɔbɛma abatow no aba do. Nkrumah gyinaa wɔ efiadze hɔ, dɛ obedzi nkunyim wɔ Nkran egua no. Gbedemah yɛɛ edwuma dɛ ɔbɛyɛ ɔman mu kasakyerɛ kuw, ɔnam ahɛn a kasafir sisido ama aka amanyɛkuw no nsɛm. UGCC no dzii nkugu dɛ wɔbɛyɛ ɔmanmu adze bia ɔbɛda ne nsɛm edzi, na ɔdaa no edzi dɛ no nkorɔfo hɔ efiadze ntsi onntum nnyɛ adze biara.

Kwawar 1951 mbrahyɛbagua ambatow mu no, ambatow a odzi  kan a wɔhyehyɛɛ wɔ dɛ nyimpadɔm befi hɔn pɛ mu atow wɔ Ebibir a Aborɔfo dzi do, CPP no dzii konyim wɔ kwankyɛn. CPP dzi konyim wɔ ngua 34 a ɔwɔ ngua 38 wɔper ho wɔ amanyɛkuw do, a Nkrumah woyii no wɔ Nkran ambatow mpasua do. UGCC dzii konyim ngua ebiasa na ankorankor bi so nyaa kor. Arden-Clarke hun dɛ Nkrumah ne fahodzi gyina dɛ wobogu amambra wɔdze reyɛ edwuma no. Nkrumah woyii no fir efiadze wɔ Kwarkwar 12, n'ekyirdzifo no maa no akɔaba yie. Adze kyee no, Arden-Clarke somae ma wɔkɔfrɛɛ no na ɔkaa kyerɛɛ no dɛ ɔntsew n'aban.

Nkrumah wiaa Arden-Clarke ne kyerɛkyerɛwnyi Erica Powell ber woyii no edzi na wɔpam no kɔr fie osiandɛ nna ɔdze noho rehyehyɛ Nkrumah. Powell san n'ekyir baa Ghana wɔ Sanda, 1955 dɛ ɔrebɛyɛ Nkrumah ne kyerɛkyerɛwnyi, dzibew okuraa mu mfe du. Powell nna ɔbɛn no paa na ber wɔbɔ mu no, ɔkyerw Nkrumah noho nsɛm bebiree, mbom iyi wɔannfa kesi ekyir yi.

=== Ɔkandzifo Aban Amambu na Ɔsoafo Panyin ===
Nkrumah hyiaa ɔhaw pii ber ɔhyɛɛ edwuma sae. Nna ɔnnyɛɛ edwumma wɔ aban mu da, na ɔtwar dɛ osua dɛm yɛ. Gold Coast no nna ɔwɔ Mantɔw anan, ananmusifo bebiree bɔɔ mu yɛɛ kor. Nkrumah pɛɛ dɛ ɔka hɔn bɔmu bɛyɛ amansan kor, na ɔdze ɔman no ba fahodzi mu. Dɛ ɔbɔhwɛ ehiadze na nna wɔredadaa British no dɛ CPP hɔn dwumadzi nna ɔnnyɛ ntɔyɛɛ, mbom nna wɔyɛ ho biribiara a ɔnnyɛ yie, na Nkrumah na Arden-Clarke wɔyɛɛ edwuma bɔɔ mu. Opanyin no hyɛɛ dɛ wɔmma afotufo no aban no mboa, na British nkorɔfo ebiasa wɔka mpanyimfo noho no yɛɛ hɔn adwen dɛ wɔnkɔtow amba ntsia dɔm dodow no.

Ansaana oribedzi dwuma no, British akandzifo ayɛ mfe du nhyehyɛɛ a ɔwɔ hɔ ma mpontu. Adansi ho mpontu a ɔyɛ ebisadze a amamfo a wɔwɔ kurow no mu no nyinara hwehwɛe no, Nkrumah pen ne nyinara do, mbom ɔkyekyɛɛ mu mfe enum ntamu. Nna amambu no wɔ fapem wɔ sikasɛm afamu, a ɔfa no kookoo a woesie no afe beberee a ɔwɔ London, na Nkrumah nna ɔdze sika no yɛ edwuma a obo nnhyɛ no do. Wɔyɛɛ abaɛfor akwan ahorow nsu ano kwantsempɔn do na no nkwaa do. Tserani akwan so wɔyɛɛ no abaɛfor kwan do na wɔtserɛɛ mu. Abaɛfor nsusɛm na nsɔndo ndzɛmba so wɔyɛɛ no nkurow bebiree mu, a adan ho nhyehyɛɛ so wɔhyɛɛ ase. Ɔhyɛɛ Tema Habɔ fofor ase, ɔbɛn Nkran na dza ɔwɔ hɔ dada wɔ Takoradze no so wɔtserɛɛw mu. Wɔyɛɛ nhyehyɛɛ bi a wɔdze besi skuul adan na wɔtserɛɛw skuul ahorow mu, fii mbofraber mu kesi akyerɛkyerɛfo na edwuma suafo, wɔhyɛɛ ase. Ofi afe 1951 dze kɛpem 1956 mu no, nyimpa dodow a nna wɔyɛ nwomanyimfo wɔ dɛm amambu no mu fii 20,000 kɛpem 50,000. Mbom no, esuafo a wowiee skuul no nna wosuar dɛ wobotum ewura aban edwuma ne ehia mu, na wɔ 1953 mu no, Nkrumah kaa dɛ Afrikafo wɔbɛma hɔn etsidaa, ɔmanmu no bɛdan aborɔfo hɔn mboa mfe beberee.

Nkrumah tsirpɔw nye dɛ nna ɔyɛ panyin a ɔdɛ aban edwumayɛ ano a Arden-Clarke yɛ guamutsenanyi. Amonmu nkɔrdo daa edzi, na wɔ 1952 mu no, ɔman hwɛdofo no fir mpanyimfo kuw no mu, ogyaa Nkrumah dɛ Ɔman soafo, na ogyaa ndzɛmba a ɔfa aborɔfo a wɔrokɔ ebibibirman mu. Wɔdze kwaadu a ɔfa ewisɛm, nyimpa mu nyiyimu, dɛ kandzifo, odzi ebibirmu amadze ekyir, wɔyɛɛ iyi dɛ ɔbɔboa hɔn ebusua tsentsen na hɔn ebusuakuw. Nsesa odzi 1948 ako nna dɛ worotow aba eyi aban mpanyimfo nkumaa kyɛn dɛ nhyehyɛɛ dadaw a nna ahemfo na wɔda enyim no ka ho bi. Iyi nna ɔkyer adwen kosi dɛ no mu daa hɔ dɛ CPP na ɔdze bɔto gua. Amanyɛkuw no dodow a wɔwɔ mbrahyɛbaguafie hyɛɛ mbra ber 1951 rokɔ ewiei a oyii tum fir ahemfo no nsa bɛhyɛɛ hɔn ngua no nsa, mbom nna ɔko nkakrankakra hyehyɛ hɔnho ber a wɔdze tow fofor maa hɔn no.

Nkrumah wɔsan dze soafo panyin tum hyɛɛ ne nsa nna ɔmmaa no tum fofor, na ɔhwehwɛɛ ɔmambra nsesa mu a ɔdze fahodzi bɛba. 1952 mu no, ɔnye kyerɛwkyerɛwfo panyin a ɔwɔ ɔman no mu no Oliver Lyttelton dzii ehyia, a ɔkaa dɛ Britain benya enyimnyam dɛ wɔbɛyɛ mpontu dwuma bio, sɛ ahemfo na aban ndwumakuw ndedaanofo nya tum na dɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ hɔn adwen. Ahyɛase no Nkrumah n'amambu ho nhwɛdosɛm no British MI5 ahyehyɛ Nkrumah ho adwempɔn pii ɔnam mboa ahorow do, ɔka dɛ wɔrehwɛ tɛlɛfon do na meel do ɔnam kood dzin a ɔyɛ SWIFT. Ɔhyɛɛ ase wɔ Ɔbrɛfɛw ,1952, Nkrumah hwehwɛɛ adwenkyerɛ ɔnam afotudo na na fir amanyɛkuw nsesa mu ho, na ɔhwehwɛɛ mu yie fir ɔmanmu no nyinara, ɔka amanyɛkuw a wɔnye no reper. Amba a wɔtoow no afe a odzi do no ɔyɛ dza nomu krɔgyeen a ogyina amambra fofor do, hun dɛ anamɔn a otwa tun ansaana fahodzi ber. Wɔdze too gua Ɔbrɛdzi, 1953, amambra ho nsɛmkaa no wɔgyee too mu a ɔyɛ asɛmbli no na British no, na ɔbɛyɛɛ edwuma wɔ Ɛbɔwbira mu afe a odzido no. Nkyerɛkyerɛw fofor a wɔdze maa asɛmbli a ɔyɛ nyimpa 104, hɔn nyinara wɔtow aba yii hɔn, a ɔyɛ hɔn kuw no yɛ Ebibifo nkotsee a hɔn dwumadzi nye dɛ wɔbɔtoto amambu a ɔfa ɔman noho. Abotow a ɔkɔrdo Ɔbrɛdzi 15,1954, CPP no dzii nkunyim 71, a Mantɔw Northern People's Party a hɔn na wɔyɛ akansifo a woeyi hɔn enyim.

Akansifo amanyɛkuw bebiree tseew National Liberation Movement. Nna hɔn ebisadze yɛ dɛ ɔbɛyɛ kabimamenkabi kyɛn dɛ ɔbɛyɛ aban kor pɛr a ɔyɛ fahodzi Gold Coast, na dan a ɔwɔ sor no yɛ bea a ahemfo na nananomatsenankungua nkaa no botum edzi dwuma dɛ CPP dodow a wɔwɔ asɛmbli hɔ no. Wɔmaa Northern Territory na Esuantseman ahemfo mboa a wɔdze adzeserɛ kɔtoo British baahemaa enyim, Elizabeth II a woribisa no adzedzi adze a ɔbɛyɛ a Gold Coast amamu besi ayɛ. Iyi n'ban anngyɛ annto mu, a 1955 mu ɔkaa dɛ dɛm dwumadzi wɔdze bedzi dwuma a ɔwɔ dɛ nyimpa wɔwɔ Gold Coast no da no edzi dɛ hɔnankasa nntum nnyɛ hɔn amambu. Amanyɛkuw wentwiwentwi mu no, amayɛkuw ebien no yɛɛ dɛ wobesiesie hɔn ntsamu, mbom NLM anngye annto mu dɛ ɔnye CPP dodow no hɔn ehyia biara. Nananomatsenankugua no so wɔdze tabo too hɔn do ɔnam mbra bi a wɔdaa no edzi, a ɔmaa ahemfo nkumaa dze hɔn ehiasɛm kɔtoo aban n'enyim wɔ nkran, a wɔdze nananom atsenankungua tumdzi daa edzi. British no nna wɔmmpɛ dɛ wogya nsɛm ɔfa mbrɛ Gold Coast nya ne fahodzi a wobesi ebu hɔn man, na Ɔbrɛdzi 1956 mu no, oborɔnyi kyerɛwkyerɛwnyi, Alan Lennox-Boyd dze too gua dɛ abatow fofor bɛba do wɔ Gold Coast, na sɛ yenya nyimpa dodow tsia CPP dodow dzibew no a,Britain bɛhyɛ da ama hɔn fahodzi. 1956 abatow nyiano no nna ɔsɛ dza ɔkɔr do afe anan mu no nna wɔ Dzifuu 3 no asɛmbli no tow aba maa fahodzi a dzin Kwame Nkrumah nna oedzi ho dwuma wɔ Ɛbɔwbira mu. Fankwa mu no, Aborɔfo no dze too gua dɛ Fahodzi da aba wɔ Ɛbɔw 6, 1957.

Nna akotsiafo no hɔn bo nngye do wɔ adwen a ɔfa Fahodzi noho, na wɔhwehwɛɛ dɛ tum no wɔnkyekyɛ no Mantɔw ahorow mu. Mpɛnsampɛnsamu kɔr do wɔ 1956 mu kowuraa 1957 mu. Mbom Nkrumah antoto ase wɔ ne mper ama dɛ aban no bedzi ɔmanmu nodo no, wɔkyekyɛɛ ɔman no mu ekuw enum, a nna tum no fi Nkran, na ahemfo no dwumadzi wɔ hɔn amambu mu. Kwarkwar 21,1957, British Soafo panyin, Harold Macmillan, dze too gua dɛ Ghana bɛkɛ commonwealth of Nations fir Ɛbɔw 6.

== Ghanafo Hɔn Fahodzi ==
Tsetse Gold Coast Frankaa no kyerɛ British Ahendzi no tumdzi

Nkrumah no Ghana frankaa fofor no kyerɛ Ebibirmu ɔmanyɛ na tumdzi

Ghana nyaa no fahodzi wɔ Ɛbɔw 6, 1957 dɛ Ghana a ɔdze noho. Dɛ British ndzido man a onyaa ne fahodzi a odzi kan, enyigye a ɔkɔr do wɔ Nkra no ɔtwee wiadze afanaa nyina hɔn adwen; nsɛmkyerɛwfo bɛyɛ ɔha na fɔtotwafo botwaa dwumadzi n o. United States Mampanyin Dwight D. Eisenhower somaa abadobɔ nkrato na n'abadziekyir Richard Nixon bosii U.S ananmu wɔ dwumadzi n'ase. Soviet delegation no serɛɛ Nkrumah dɛɛ ɔnkɛsera Moscow Amon mu hɔ ara. Amanyɛ mu abɔdzemunyasapɛnyi Ralph Bunche, Africanyi Amɛrikanyi nna ɔwɔ hɔ ma wiadze nkabom kuw, nna Duchess a ofi Kent so bosii Queen Elizabeth II n'anan. Wiadze afanaa nyinara bɔboae. Mpo sɛ nkyɛ wɔnka ho a, ɔman nna wohu hɔn dɛ ahonyafo, a kookoo akatua wɔ sor na hɔn fagudzi ahorow so rotu mpɔn.

Dɛ mbrɛ Ɛbɔw enum sesaa bɛyɛɛ esia no, Nkrumah sɔr gyinaa du a ɔwɔ mpempem a wɔyɛ ekyirtaafo na ɔkaa dɛ,&lt;nowiki&gt;'' Ghana bɛdze noho afebɔɔ''. Ɔkasae wɔ Ghana mbrahyɛbagua a hɔn ntsenasee a odzikan wɔ Fahodzi da, ɔkakyerɛɛ n'amamba fofor no dɛ ''&lt;/nowiki&gt; yɛwɔ asodzi dɛ yɛbɛkyerɛ wiadze afanaa dɛ Ebibifo so botum ebu hɔn man wɔ nkɔrdo na ahohyɛdo na dɛ wobɛdzi kabinamenkabi do. Ɔwɛ dɛ yɛyɛ nhwɛdo ma Ebibifo nkaa no nyinara.

Nkrumah nna wɔbɛ no nsabran ''Osagyefo'' a ɔkyerɛ dɛ &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɔgyefo&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; wɔ akan kasa mu. Dɛm fahadzi ehursi yi nna Duchess a ofi Kent na Governor otsiban Charles Arden-Clarke ka ho bi. A nna nsɛmkyerɛwfo a wɔbor 600 bɛkaa ho bi, Ghanafo hɔn fahodzi bɛyɛɛ amanaman hɔn kaseɛbɔ wɔ Ebibirmu abakɔsɛm mu.

Ghana frankaa no Theodosia Okoh na ɔyɛɛ, Ɔfaa Ethiopiafo hɔn ahabanmon-akokɔangua-kɔkɔɔ Judah mu Gyata na ɔdze Nsorma tumtum sesaa Gyata no. Kɔben no gyina hɔ ma bogyahwiegu; ahabanmon no gyina hɔ ma adzefɛw, nduadzewa, na nkɔrdo; akokɔangua gyina hɔ ma sika kɔkɔɔ; nsorma tumtum no gyina hɔ ma Ebibifo hɔn fahodzi. Ɔman no coat of arms fofor no Amo Kotei dzii dɛm dwuma no, ɔdze ɔkɔr, gyata, St. George's Cross, na Nsorma Tumtum a copious gold na gold trim. Philip Gbebo wɔhyɛɛ no dɛ wɔkyerɛw ɔmanmu ndwom, &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; Onyankopɔn nhyira hɛn man Ghana&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 

Dɛ ɔbɛyɛ nkadum ama ɔman fofor no, Nkrumah buee Black Star Square a ɔbɛn Osu Castle wɔ Nsuano a ɔyɛ Osu Mansin, Nkran. Wɔdze dɛm square yi bedzi dwuma dɛ ɔman n'ahyɛnsewdze na nyimpadɔm nkabom yɛkyerɛ.

Nkrumah n'amambu mu, Ghana faa kabimamenkabi ndzɛmba na ndzdeyɛɛ. Nkrumah yɛɛ nyɛnma nhyehyɛɛ, hyɛɛ nkurow ahorow dwumadzin na ɔtsetseew skuuls ahorow.

== Ghanafo Hɔn Mampanyin (1957–1966) ==

=== Amanyɛsɛm Mpontu na mampanyin abatow ===
Nkrumah dzi ber kakra dɛ ɔwar nkyer no ekyir a nna ne mamfo nnyɛ ahomgye wɔ ne man mu no. Aban no somaa nsordarfo kɔr Togo-land dɛ wɔnkɛgye nkorɔfo a wɔnnya asomdwee a ofi ntokwa a ɔfa amambasɛm ho wɔ ɔman fofor no mu. Hɛnkafo tsew etua wɔ Nkran wɔ mentse moho ase a osii Gafo nkorɔfo mu, a nna wɔgye dzi dɛ nkorɔfo a wofi ebusuakuw fofor mu rinya akwanya wɔ aban dwuma mu, na iyi dze oyene baa wɔ Dzifuu mu. Nkrumah n'ano yi nye dɛ ɔsɔn aban mu edwumayɛfo nkumaa nodo a ogyinaa Discrimination Act (6 December 1957) a ɔdze tabɔn too Mantɔw anaa ebusuasɛm amanyɛkuw do. Ebusuasɛm kor so sii wɔ Esuantseman mu, bet Nkrumah na CPP no nyaa ahenfo nkumaa no a nna wonndzi amanyɛkuw biara ekyir no wotuu hɔn egua do. Dɛm dwumadzi yi nna ɔfa akotsiafo amanyɛkuw ho, a wɔbɔbɔɔ mu tseew United Party a ɔyɛ Kofi Abrefa Busia hyɛase.

1958 mu no, wɔkyer ɔkotsianyi MP bi a kwaadu a wɔdze bɔɔ no nye dɛ nna ɔpɛ dɛ ɔfa akodze bi fir aborɔkyir a nna wɔahyehyɛ dɛ ɔdze bɛsesa Ghana Army (GA) hɔn ndzɛmba. Nkrumah nyaa ngyentum dɛ binom ayɛ hɔn adwen dɛ wobotu n&lt;nowiki&gt;'adze do, na ne nyiano nye dɛ mbrahyɛbaguafo no bɛgye Preventive Detention Act no ato mu, a ɔbɛma oedzi no dwuma kɛpem mfe enum a obiara nntum mbɔ no sombo, a Nkrumah pɛr na otum yi efiadzefo fir efiadze ntsɛm. Dɛm mbrɛ nyimapa ɔkyerɛw Nkrumah ho asɛm, David Birmingham kaa no, ''obiara enntum annyɛ biribi annsɛɛ Nkrumah ne dzin dɛ ɔnoara per dɛ ɔtsena egua nodo kyɛr a wɔanhwehwɛ ahobambɔ yie. Nkrumah pɛɛ dɛ oyi British atsembuafo a wɔagye ntsetsee fir hɔ, ohun dɛ nna wɔko tsia ne nhyehyɛɛ ber wɔdze hɔn hyɛɛ ɔmambra n'&lt;/nowiki&gt;ase.

Nsu a nna ɔsɔn gumu kor so nye Mantɔw ananmusifo no, a nna wɔdze hɔn abɔ mu dɛ wongyina hɔ mma amambra ho nsɛnkae no. Akotsiafo no, a nna hɔnho yɛdzen wɔ Esuantseman mu no na Etsifi no, wɔhyɛɛ asɛmbli no kutupa; CPP no nna wɔpɛ dɛ wodzi dwuma dɛ afotufo. 1959 mu no, Nkrumah faa no dɔm dodow a ɔwɔ no mbrahyɛbaguafie no do tsiw dɛ wɔnnsa ɔmambra no mu, a ɔno maa woguu asɛmbli no na obuei kwan maa mbrahyɛbaguafo no dɛ wobotum asesa ɔmambra a ohia dɔm dodow no pɛr.

Queen Elizabeth II dzii Ghana do fir 1957 kɛpem 1960. William Hare, 5th Earl a ofi Listowel nna ɔyɛ Governor-General, na Nkrumah gyinaa dɛ Soafo Panyin. Ɛbɔw 6, 1960 mu no, Nkrumah dze ne tsirmupɔw a ɔfa Ghana amambra fofor ho ɔbɛma Ghana ayɛ amambu, a ɔmampanyi bedzin hɔn enyim a ɔwɔ asoafo na mbrahyɛbagua tum. Dɛm asɛm yi na ɔka ho dɛ ɔbɛma Ghana ahyɛ tum a ɔwɔ Union of African States ase. Wɔ Ɛbɔwbira 19,23 na 27 wɔ 1960 mu dɛ ɔyɛ mampanyin abatow nna abatow nkyekyɛmu a ɔwɔ amambra no mu kɔr do. Amambra no kasae na woyii Nkrumah dɛ mampanyin wɔ J. B. Danquah do, nyimpa a ogyinaa ma UP, 1,016,076 kɛpem 124,623. Ghana sanso kaa British-led Commonwealth of Nations.

==== Ebusuasɛm ho nsɔrntsia ====
Nkrumah hwehwɛɛ dɛ obeyi ebusuasɛm efi hɔ, adehyesɛm nna ɔkɔr do kyɛn hɔn a nna wɔwɔ ɔman no mu no, dɛ mbrɛ ɔkyerɛɛw no ''Africa Must Unite'': &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; Yɛdze hɛnho ahyɛ ɔko bi mu no, ɔko a yɛdze ritsia ohia na yarba, ritsia adwenmu ntsew, ritsia ebusuasɛm na wentwiwentwi. Ɔwɔ dɛ yenya ndzzɛmba a ɔbɔboa ma yeetum esisi adan na mpontu dwuma. &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; Bodur dɛm ber yi, 1958 mu no, n'amambu no peen mbra bi do a otsia kuw bi a wɔyɛ nyuimpa su mo nyiyimu anaa ɔsom ho akasakasa ɔdze nyimpasu mu nyiyimu anaa ɔsom ahorow, anaa dɛ wobenya nkorɔfo a wɔbɔtow aba ama wo ɔnam hɔn nyimpasu nyiyimu ntsi anaa ɔsom ahorow bi ntsi, anaa botae bi a ɔnye iyi sɛ. &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt; Nkrumah pɛɛ dɛ ɔdze Ghana afrankaa twa ɔman no nyinara mu, na ɔdze tabon too ebusuasɛm afrankaa do dɛm obiara nyɛ asobrakye ntsia.

Kofi Abrefa Busia a ofi United Party (Ghana) no, nyaa ekyirtaafo dɛ ɔkotsianyi panyin wɔ anokɔnkɔn bi dɛm mbra yi do, dɛ wɔbɛfa enyimdzifo edzi hɔn enyim na wobobu tabon a ɔda ebusuasɛm amanyɛsɛm dɛ nhyɛdo. Iyi ekyir, ofii ɔman no mu. Nkrumah nna ɔyɛ mambayin wɔagye ntsin paa. ''The New York Times'' wɔ afe 1972 mu no kyerɛw dɛ: &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Ber no tumdzi wɔ sor dɛ Ghana mampanyin wɔ 1950 mu na 1960 mu no, Kwame Nkrumah nna ɔyɛ wɔagye dzin wɔ amamfo hɔn ano mu. Fie, ɔgyee dzin na onyaa enyimnyam abɔtsir a ɔyɛ ''Osagyefo'' (Ɔkyerɛ Ɔgyefo Akan mu). Aborɔkyir nna ɔnye wiadze mpanyimfodɛ ɔyɛ nyimpa odzikan a odzii Afrika enyim dze per fahodzi wɔ Wiadze Ɔko a ɔtɔ do ebien ekyir no.

Ber odzii dzii dɛ Soafo Panyin na Ɔmampanyin a odzi kan no, Nkrumah dzii konyim dɛ ɔtsew amanyɛkuw ho mfaso a ɔfa ahemfo ho no (mfatoho: Akan ahemfo no na na Esuantse manhen) Dɛm ahemfo yi nna woetsintsim tumdzi ber aborɔfi no ridzi hɛn do ɔnam nkabom wɔnye British akandzifo no wɔ no; nokwar mu, nna mpɛn pii no wɔyɛ nhwehwɛenyim ɔnam hɔn dzibew ntsi, a ɔnye British kuw no nyaa manso tse dɛ Aborigines' Rights Protection Society. Convention People's Party no nna wɔnye ahemfo no wɔ nkitahodzi ber wobobuu ɔman no, na dɛm anyɛnkofa yi bɛyɛɛ dzen dɛ CPP yɛɛ ahemfo amamyɛkuw akotsiafo na wobuu amambu no dɛ ɔnnyɛ ka-bi-ma-menka-bi amambu. Mbra a wɔhyɛɛ no 1958 na 1959 mu maa aban no tum kɛse paara dɛ noara botum etu ahemfo adze do, na ɔyɛɛ amambu a ɔyɛ ahensɛm na sikasɛm. Dɛm dwumadzi yi yɛe ma ahemfo no bɛyɛɛ ahɔho na ɔmaa wɔbɛyɛɛ nkorɔfo a wɔpɛɛ dɛ wotu Nkrumah na n'amanyɛkuw no.
[[File:KWAME_NKRUMAH_-_60_Burghley_Road_Kentish_Town_London_NW5_1UN.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KWAME_NKRUMAH_-_60_Burghley_Road_Kentish_Town_London_NW5_1UN.jpg|thumb|60 Burghley Road, Kentish Town, London, where Nkrumah lived when in London between 1945 and 1947]]

== Mboayɛdze ==
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghanafo]]</text>
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    <title>Wisdom Gidisu</title>
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'''Wisdom Gidisu''' (wɔwoo no 5 [[Esusow Aketseaba]] 1967) yɛ Ghana amanyɛnyi a ɔyɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi ma Krachi East Ambatow wɔ Oti Mantɔw mu wɔ Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20211117042012/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=2479&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2017/12/17/ho-high-court-dismisses-election-petition-against-krachi-east-mp/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/court-endorses-gyato-as-winner-of-krachi-west-seat.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.vra.com/media/2014/january/news_03.php&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ɔbra Ahyɛase na Nwomasua ==
Wɔwoo Gidisu wɔ bosoom [[Esusow Aketseaba]] da a ɔtɔ do enum (5) afe 1967 wɔ kurow bi a wɔfrɛ no [[:en:Adidome|Adidome]] wɔ Volta Mantɔw mu wɔ Ghana. Gidisu wiee Harvard Esuapɔn John F. Kennedy Aban Sukuu a na ɔwɔ BSc abɔdzin krataa wɔ Ɔman Edwumayɛ mu ([[:en:Bachelor of Science|BSc]] in [[:en:Public administration|Public Administration]]). Afei ɔsan kɔɔ saa asoɛe kor no ara mu kɔnyaa nye abɔdzin krataa wɔ Aban na Akannyifo mu (master's degree in Governance and Leadership). Ɔsan nso nyaa nye Executive MBA wɔ GIMPA wɔ afe 2012. Na ɔwɔ nye adansedzi krataa wɔ Edwumayɛfo Nwomasua, Nsakrae a Wɔhwɛ do wɔ Wiadze a Ɔyɛ Nnam mu (Executive Education, Managing Change in Dynamic World) mu wɔ Harvard Kennedy wɔ USA. Na ɔwɔ adansedzi krataa nso wɔ Akwahosan Nhyehyɛe Ho Dwumadzi a ɔkɔ Enyim (Advance Health System Management mu wɔ Israel).&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200710075717/https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/parliamentatian.php?ID=79&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;web.archive.org&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200710075705/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/parliamentatian.php?ID=79&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edwuma ==
Ɔyɛ Top-in-Town edwumayɛbea a ɔwɔ Dambai no kwankyerɛfo (managing director).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Amanyɛsɛm mu Edwuma ==
Gidisu hyɛɛ n’amanyɛsɛm edwuma ase dɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi wɔ [[Sanda]] 2005 mu ber a odzii nkonyim wɔ afe 2004 amansan ambatow mu a na ɔwɔ National Democratic Congress (NDC) tekiti.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/politics/ndc-parliamentary-primaries-provisional-results/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221226050044/http://ghheadlines.com/agency/ghana-news-agency/20190825/130799425/wisdom-gidisu-elected-ndc-parliamentary-candidate-for-krachi-east&lt;/ref&gt; Na ɔgyina mprɛn ebiasa (3) wɔ nye aber do.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ɔhweer n’akongua maa Micheal Gyato a ɔyɛ [[New Patriotic Party]] wɔ afe 2016 Ghana Amansan Ambatow no mu na nna ɔpɛ dɛ ɔsan ba bio wɔ afe 2020 mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ghanaweb.com&quot;&gt;https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Former-Krachi-East-MP-Wisdom-Gidisu-bounces-back-to-contest-for-seat-740051&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://dailyguidenetwork.com/kofi-adams-john-gidisu-floor-mps-in-oti/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.businessghana.com/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://kasapafmonline.com/2017/12/krachi-east-npps-gyato-mp-wins-case-election-petition/&lt;/ref&gt; Na ɔyɛ amannyifo na ɔsan yɛ Eguatsenanyi Abadziakyir wɔ Boayikuw a ɔhwɛ Hokwan, Akwahosan na Fie do.&lt;ref name=&quot;web.archive.org&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20221226050101/https://www.gbcghana.com/1.7671343&lt;/ref&gt;

== N'abrabɔ ==
Wawar na ɔwɔ mba baawɔtwe. Ɔyɛ Kristonyi (Evangelical Presbyteriannyi).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Adɔeyɛ ==
Ɔyɛɛ adzesuadan ahorow (classroom blocks) na ɔmaa nsu ho nhyehyɛe na gua ahorow nso maa mpɔtsam hɔfo a wɔwɔ nye ambatow mpasua mu. Ɔmaa enyinam ahoɔdzen a wɔdze yɛ nkuraase nso yɛɛ mmerɛw maa nkuraa bi. Ɔsan nso kyekyɛɛ atoko efiri (corn mills) dze som mpɔtsam eduowɔtwe (80) ber a na ɔyɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi wɔ nye mpɔtsam hɔ.&lt;ref name=&quot;ghanaweb.com&quot;/&gt;

== Nhwɛdo ==

[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana Amanyɛnyi]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghanafo]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana mbrahyɛbaguafo 2005-2009]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana mbrahyɛbaguafo 2009–2013]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana mbrahyɛbaguafo 2013–2017]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana Mbrahyɛbaguafo 2021-2025]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana mbrahyɛbaguafo 2001-2005]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Patum de Berga</title>
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      <text bytes="3777" sha1="t4879alk3o2biah98oitth2akm2wlmc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox|item=Q1816129}}'''Patum de Berga''' (Catalan kasa mu nsɛmfua dzin: [pəˈtum də ˈβɛɾɣə]), anaa La Patum kɛkɛ, yɛ afahyɛ a agye dzin na ɔyɛ atsetesɛm a wodzi no afe biara wɔ Catalan kurow Berga (Barcelona) mu wɔ Corpus Christi ber mu. Ɔyɛ ‘asaw’ ahorow (wɔ Catalan kasa mu no, bɔɔl) a kuromufo a woesiesie hɔn ho dɛ ehintasɛm na nsɛnkyerɛndze kwan do nyimpa, na wɔdze sanku a ɔyɛ dɛw —tabal a na enyigye ma afahyɛ no nya dzin —anaa ndwontofo kuw ndwom ka ho. Wɔdze enyibirsɛm na ogya nye ogyaframa na wɔdze dzi dwuma pii na ɔhyɛ bɔɔl no dzen.

Generalitat de Catalunya dze too gua dɛ ɔyɛ Amambra Afahyɛ a Ɔma Ɔman No Enyigye wɔ afe 1983. Wɔ afe 2005 mu no, UNESCO kaa dɛ ɔyɛ Adasamba Egyapadze a Wɔdze Ano na Ma Wonntum Nhu no Edwindze a Ɔyɛ Fɛw no mu kor, na wɔ afe 2008 mu no, wɔdze kyerɛw too n’ananmusifo dzin mu&lt;ref&gt;https://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/patum-of-berga-00156?request_uri=%2Fculture%2Fich%2Ffr%2FRL%2Fla-patum-de-berga-00156&amp;RL=00156&lt;/ref&gt;.

== ''Balls'' ==

* Els ''Plens''. Fitsi 1628 na wɔkyerɛwee.
* Els ''Turcs i Cavallets'' (Turks and Little Knights). Fitsi 1828 mu na wɔkyerɛwee.
* Les ''Maces''.Fitsi 1628 mu na wɔkyerɛwee.
* Les ''Guites'' (Folkloric &quot;mules&quot;). Fitsi 1626 (''Guita Grossa''), 1890 (''Guita boja'') na wɔkyerɛw.
* L'''Àliga'' (The Eagle). Fitsi 1756 na wɔkyerɛw.
* Els ''Nans Vells'' (The Old Dwarfs). Fitsi 1853 na wɔkyerɛw.
* Els ''Gegants'' (The Giants).Fitsi 1695 na wɔkyerɛw.
* Els ''Nans Nous'' (The New Dwarfs). Fitsi 1890 na wɔkyerɛw.

== Abɔse Na Mfaso ==
'La Patum' hyɛɛ ase wɔ Awɔw Ber mu ewiatɔe afahyɛ ahorow a wodzii ansaana Kristofo reba, a wɔsan dze dzii dwuma na Katolek Asɔr no maa no nsɛnkyerɛndze fofor dɛ Corpus afahyɛ ahorow no fa. Wɔ Berga no, asɛm a odzi kan a woekora do a ɔfa Corpus apontow bi ho nye May 20, 1454. Afahyɛ no  na ɔdze ndzɛmba pii kaa agor a agye dzin nye nyamesom ho wɔ Mfinimfin Mber no mu, na ɔdze abran, abonsam, abɔfo, akraman, na nyimpa afofor a hɔn ho yɛ nwanwa a wɔaka abɔ mu soronko bae.

Ɔmmfa ho mbrɛ Corpus Christi yɛ nyamesom mu ntease, na patum no a ofi ‘Eucharistic agor ahorow mu,’ wɔ ne seseiara tsebea mu no ɔyɛ agor a agye dzin mbom. Ɔyɛ soronko wɔ Catalonia. Nyimpa ho adzenyimfo nye hɔn a wɔyɛ anansesɛm ho abemfo enyi agye La Patum ho.

== Bruce Springsteen ndwom ==
Afe 2016 mu no, sɛ yɛdze bedi 'abran dadaw' (Gegants vells) mfe 150 na 'abran fofor' (Gegants nous) mfe 125 afahyɛ no a, Bruce Springsteen ndwom no ɔwɔ dɛ ɔyɛ,  Sergi na Cuenca nhyehyɛɛ, na abran awarfo beenu no nyinara na wɔsaw.

== Nfonyinsie Bea ==
&lt;gallery widths=200px heights=140px perrow=3&gt;
Ball_de_Nans_Vells.jpg|Ball de ''Nans Vells''
Nans_Nous.jpg|Ball de ''Nans Nous''
Salt_de_Plens.jpg|Salt de ''Plens''
Ball_de_Gegants.jpg|''Ball de Gegants''
Patum1.jpg|Patum de lluïment
Patum5.jpg|''Guita Grossa''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book|last1=Noyes|first1=Dorothy|title=Fire in the plaça : Catalan festival politics after Franco|url=https://archive.org/details/fireinplacacatal0000noye|date=2003|publisher=Univ. of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-8122-1849-7}}

== Mboaedze ==
&lt;references /&gt;

==External links==
{{Commons category|Patum de Berga}}
* [http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/en/RL/patum-of-berga-00156?request_uri=%2Fculture%2Fich%2Ffr%2FRL%2Fla-patum-de-berga-00156&amp;RL=00156 UNESCO page for Patum of Berga]
* [https://www.lapatum.cat/ La Patum website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080521141454/http://www.catalunyaonline.cat/ Online videos of &quot;La Patum&quot; and other Catalan festivals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521141454/http://www.catalunyaonline.cat/ |date=2008-05-21 }}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Akan Sika Kɔkɔɔ Mu Dur</title>
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      <text bytes="1654" sha1="kstzqu4shbvqf6sxae56r4oibscekof" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox|item=Q4291228}}'''Bold text'''[[File:Ashanti goldweights.JPG|thumb|right|A selection of [[Ashanti people|Ashanti]] goldweights]]
'''Akan sika kɔkɔɔ''', (wɔ hɛn Akan kasa mu no wɔfrɛ no mrammou anaa abrammuo)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite thesis |id={{ProQuest|2068135694}} |last1=Kouadio |first1=Auguste Yao |date=2018 |title=Akan Gold Weights: Values Perspectives of a Non-western Cultural Artifact }}{{page needed|date=March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; a no mu dur yenyaa fir brass yɛdze susu Akanfo a wɔwɔ atɔe ebibiman,tsitsr nye dɛ yɛ nye hɔn yɛ nhyehy33 wɔ guadzi mu.Nyimpa no bɔbew kɔsor ɔnam mfasodze a ɔwɔ no mu dur no ntsi.Wɔdze aky3dze kakra ma hɔn a wɔaba mu fofor.Iyi kyerɛ dɛ obotum wɔakɔ guadzi mu obu kwando na nkuyimdzi mu.Yɛ rokɔ hɛn enyim no wɔ nsano dwuma mu, kɛse ketsketse a ɔwɔ atɔe ebibiman amanmbra mu bi tse dɛ adinkra ahyɛnsewdze,nduadzewa, mbowa na nyimpa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bakewell&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Wilks, Ivor|chapter=Wangara, Akan, and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries|editor1-last=Bakewell|editor1-first=Peter|title=Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0860785130|date=1997|publisher=Variorum, Ashgate Publishing Limited|location=Aldershot|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0860785130/page/n17 7]|isbn=978-0-86078-513-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Garrard |first=Timothy F. |date=1972 |title=Studies in Akan Goldweights (2) the Weight Standards |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41406402 |journal=Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=149–162 |issn=0855-3246}}&lt;/ref&gt;   


== Mboaedze ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Samuel Kweku Obodai</title>
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      <text bytes="2646" sha1="o0glmo4vnw0im9uazj26dxgrx7er896" xml:space="preserve">'''Samuel Obodai''' yɛ aborɔfoduryɛfo na [[Ghana]] Ɔmanyɛnyi. Nna ɔyɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi ma Agona Anee ambatow mpasua no wɔ mbrahyɛbagua a otsia enum no mu wɔ Ghana Ka-bi-ma-menka-bi amambu a otsia anan no mu .&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20220831200433/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=266&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abrabɔ Ahyɛse na Nwomasua ==
Wɔwoo Obodai wɔ Ebɔbira 29,1960. Ofi Agona Nyakrom a ɔwɔ Ghana Finimfin Mantɔw mu. Ɔgyee abɔdzin krataa wɔ Bachelor of Science wɔ Chemistry mu na abɔdzin krataa wɔ adzekyerɛ mu wɔ Oguaa Esuapɔn mu wɔ afe 1987 mu. Afe 2008 mu no, ɔgyee abɔdzin krataa a otsia ebien wɔ Master's of Arts in Democratic Governance na Leadership mu fii Oguaa Esuapɔn mu.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Petitioner-wants-former-MP-Kweku-Obodai-disqualified-883396&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edwumayɛ ==
Obodai yɛ aborɔfoduryɛfo. Ɔnye Major &amp; Co Manufacturing Company Limited ayɛ edwuma pɛn.

== Amanyɛsɛm ==
Okegyinaa Agona Anee ambatow mpasua no anan mu dɛ hɔn mbrahyɛbaguanyi wɔ Mbrahyɛbagua a otsia enum no mu wɔ Ghana Ka-bi-ma-menka-bi amambu a otsia anan no mu.Afe 2000 mu a Mr. Samuel Samuel Obodai gyinaa dɛ wɔntow no do amba wɔ Ghanaman mu nyina ambatow kɛse no mu no, wɔtowee maa ɔno na wogyaa Samuel Oppong a ofi National Democratic Congress amanyɛkuw no mu,Kojo Anam a ofi National Reform Party amanyɛkuw no mu,Mathew Caurie a ofi Convention People's Party amanyɛkuw no mu, Abu Hamid Wanzam a ofi People's National Convention amanyɛkuw mu no na Joseph Archibald Ankrah a ogyinaa  People's National Convention amanyɛkuw ne dzin mu no.Samuel dze amba 21,233 a ogyina hɔ ma amba dodow nyina no mu 57.50% dzii konyim. Obi a ogyinaa NDC amanyɛkuw no ne dzin mu peer mbrahyɛbagua egua no nyaa amba 13,784 a ogyina hɔ ma amba dodow a wɔtowee no no mu 36.90%. Anan nyaa amba dodow 988 a nna ogyina hɔ ma amba dodow a wɔtowee nyina no mu 2.60%. Mathew Caurie dze amba dodow 679 tɔɔ do anan a nna ogyina hɔ ma amba dodow a wɔtowee no mu 1.80%. Nkorɔfo beenu a wofii PNC amanyɛkuw no mu bɛpeer mbrahyɛbagua egua no, Wanzam nyaa amba no mu 430 a ogyina hɔ ma amba dodow nyina no mu 1.20% na Ankrah so obiara anntow amma no. Ɔwɔ mu dɛ nkyɛ Obodai hwɛ kwan dɛ ɔbɛsan akɔ mbrahyɛbagua mu dze,naaso obi dze kɛdaan NPP amanyɛkuw no nyina hɔn Anototo Mpanyimfo dɛ ɔmmfata ntsi mma wɔmma ho kwan. Samuel Krankye nye nyia ɔdze kɛdaan Mpanyimfo dɛ Obodai mmboa  amanyɛkuw no dwumadzi biara da.

== N'abrabɔ ==
Obodai awar awo baanan. Ɔyɛ kristonyi a ɔkɔ Pentecost Asɔr

== Mboaedze ==

[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana mbrahyɛbaguafo 2009–2013]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kwame Twumasi Ampofo</title>
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      <text bytes="3601" sha1="f4oedf2qyghesuh5fg56ty2wu5w6sov" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox|item=Q61694654}}'''Kwame Twumasi Ampofo''' (wɔwoo no wɔ afe Obiredzi 3 1968 mu) yɛ Ghana amanyɛnyi a mprenpren yi ɔka mbrahyɛbagua a ɔtɔ do esuon wɔ Ghana amambu a atɔ do anan no na ɔsan so  ka mbrahyɛbagua a ɔtɔ do awɔtwe wɔ Ghana amambu a atɔ do anan no mu nyimpa a ogyina hɔ ma Sene Atɔe Mansin a ɔwɔ Bono Epuei Mantɔw a ɔwɔ Ghana no mu a oyina hɔ ma National Democratic Congress (NDC) amanyɛkuw no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240926040052/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5535&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240302040300/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=208&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ahyɛse abrabɔ nye nwomasua ==
Wɔwoo Ampofo wɔ afe Ebɔw 6 1968 muwɔ Kwame Danso, kurow a ɔwɔ a ɔwɔ Bono Epuei Mantɔw a ɔwɔ Ghana no mu. Ɔkɔr  Essex County College, NJ, USA, wɔ afe  2005 mu na okosuaa  BSC in Business Management

== Amanyɛsɛm ==
Ampofo ka National Democratic Congress (NDC) amanyɛkuw no ho.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/resource-water-agencies-mp-for-sene-west-appeals-to-govt.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://thechronicle.com.gh/ndc-mps-visit-jubilee-house-to-thank-akufo-addo-for-massive-projects-in-their-constituencies/&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2012 ambatow ===
Wodzii kan paaw no kɔr mbrahyɛbaguamu ber afe 2012 Ghana ambatow no kɔr do no dɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi ma Sene Atɔe ambatow mpɛsoa no  wɔ Bono Epuei Mantɔw no mu a ɔwɔ Ghana no mu, Ambatow no kɔr do no onyaa amba dodow a ɔyɛ 19,504 no mu 12,511 a ogyina hɔ ma 64.14%.&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20230325220138/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/brongahafo/55/index.php&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2016 ambatow ===
Ɔsanee gyinae bio wɔ afe 2016 mu wɔ Ghana ambatow no mu na onyaa amba dodow no mu 10,229 a ogyina hɔ ma 51.86% wɔ ber a NPP mbrahyɛbaguamu ɔkansinyi  Joseph Mackay Kumah nyaa amba dodow no mu  8,747 o ogyina hɔ ma 44.3%, PPP mbrahyɛbaguamu ɔkansinyi a ne dzin dze Dramani Manu nyaa  amba dodow no mu 565 a ogyina hɔ ma 2.9% nna afeo CPP mbrahyɛbaguamu ɔkansinyi Daniyawu Mohammed nyaa amba dodow no mu 184 a &lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20200711091504/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/brongahafo/55/index.php&lt;/ref&gt; ogyina hɔ ma 0.9%.

=== 2020 ambatow ===
Ɔsanee gyinae wɔ afe 2020  Ghana ambatow no mu a onyaa amba dodow no mu 13,116 ber a NPP mbrahyɛbaguamu ɔkansinyi Joseph Markay Kuma nyaa amba dodow no mu 13,100 votes.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/world-55331014&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://citinewsroom.com/2020/12/ndcs-seats-in-parliament-rise-to-137/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dwumakuw ==
Ampofo ka Government Assurance dwumakuw no ho; ɔsan ka Ndwuma nye Adansi kuw no ho.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Edwuma ==
Ampofo yɛɛ edwuma dɛ kwankyerɛfo panyin ma Premier Pharmaceuticals fitsi afe 2006 kesi afe 2012. Ɔsanso yɛɛ edwuma dɛ  kwankyerɛfo panyin n'abedziekyir wɔ Ghana Oil Premier Pharmaceuticals fitsi afe 2003 kesi afe 2006. Nna ɔyɛ kyerɛkyerɛnyi ma Ghana Education Service fitsi afe 1993 kesi afe 1995 &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; mu. Ɔsanso yɛɛ Ɔsoafo a ɔhwɛ  Nwomasua do no n'abedziekyir&lt;ref&gt;https://www.myjoyonline.com/reverse-socio-cultural-barriers-to-girls-education-research-findings/&lt;/ref&gt; . Mpremprenyi  ɔyɛ mbrahyɛbaguanyi ma Sene Atɔe ambatow mpɛsoa do (fitsi afe 2012 dze besi ndɛ).

== Nankasa ne bra ==
Ɔawar wɔ mba ebiasa. Ɔyɛ Kristianyi na ɔka Seventh-Day Adventist  Asafo no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Mboayɛdze ==

[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana mbrahyɛbaguafo 2013–2017]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana mbrahyɛbaguafo 2017–21]]
[[Nkyekyεmu:Ghana Mbrahyɛbaguafo 2021-2025]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Jim Crow laws</title>
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      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260814)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="24294" sha1="hvv2bf9g8euhe50wxa285683sm2ba4q" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox|item=Q865365}}Nna '''Jim Crow''' mbra no yɛ ɔman na mpɔtamu hɔ mbra a wɔdze bae wɔ United States Anaafo afamu wɔ afeha a ɔtɔ do 19 n;ewiei na afeha a ɔtɔ so 20 n'ahyɛse a ɔhyɛɛ mbusuakuw mu mpaapaamu mu dzen, &quot;Jim Crow&quot; yɛ kasafua a wɔdze bu Amerikafo a wɔyɛ ebibifo enyimtsia.&lt;ref name=&quot;fremon&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Fremon |first1=David |title=The Jim Crow Laws and Racism in American History |date=2000 |publisher=Enslow |isbn=0766012972 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/jimcrowlawsracis00frem }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Wɔdaan Jim Crow mbra a otwa tun no wɔ afe 1965 mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmermund2016&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Elizabeth |last=Schmermund|title=Reading and Interpreting the Works of Harper Lee|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RgpiDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA27|year=2016|publisher=Enslow Publishing, LLC|isbn=978-0-7660-7914-4|pages=27–}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna mbusuakuw mu mpaapaamu ho nhyehyɛɛ a wɔahyɛ da ara ayɛ nye dza onnyi mbra mu  wɔ United States mbea afofor so, ber mpo a nna aman pii a wonnyi  Anaafo afa mu abra nyiyimu wɔ ɔmanfo daber na ambatow mu.&lt;ref&gt;Bubar, Joe (March 9, 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230323021639/https://upfront.scholastic.com/issues/2019-20/030920/the-jim-crow-north.html#1300L &quot;The Jim Crow North&quot;], ''Upfront Magazine - Scholastic''. Retrieved June 7, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Discrimination in Access to Public Places: A Survey of State and Federal Accommodations Laws'', 7 N.Y.U. Rev.L. &amp; Soc.Change 215, 238 (1978).&lt;/ref&gt;  Aborɔfo a wɔdɔɔ so wɔ ɔman no ne mbrahyɛbagua mu no na wɔhyɛ mbra wɔ Anaafo afamu  na wɔhyehyɛɛ  mbra dze gyee hɔn fahodzi na wɔayi amambu na sikasɛm mu mfaso a Amerikafo a wɔyɛ ebibifo nyae wɔ Ɔdansi ber no mu no efi hɔ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bartlett2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Bruce |last=Bartlett|title=Wrong on Race: The Democratic Party's Buried Past|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=POhHuoGILNYC&amp;pg=PA24|year=2008|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=978-0-230-61138-2|pages=24–}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lily-white no kuw a ogyinae no so boaa mbusuakuw mu mpaapaamu a ɔkɔr do no.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Heersink |first1=Boris |last2=Jenkins |first2=Jeffery A. |date=April 2020 |title=Whiteness and the Emergence of the Republican Party in the Early Twentieth-Century South |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/studies-in-american-political-development/article/abs/whiteness-and-the-emergence-of-the-republican-party-in-the-early-twentiethcentury-south/899B4B98A78353683C3C6050DFA5771B |journal=Studies in American Political Development |language=en |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=71–90 |doi=10.1017/S0898588X19000208 |s2cid=213551748 |issn=0898-588X|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ne yɛ mu no, Jim Crow mbra ahorow hyɛe dɛ wɔmfa mbusuakuw mu mpaapaamu nkɔ ɔmamfo adan nyina mu wɔ nkan Amerika Aman Nkabɔmu Aman no mu na aman afofor bi mu, ofitsi afe1870 no mu. Wodzii Jim Crow mbra ahorow no do wɔ afe 1896 mu wɔ Plessy v. Ferguson n'asɛndzii no mu, a Asɛndzibea  no dze ne mbra nkyerɛkyerɛ a “ɔtsew no ho naaso ɔyɛ pɛr” a ɔfa adan a wɔdze bɛma Amerikafo a wɔyɛ ebibifo ho no too hɔ. Wɔdze ɔmamfo no faa  nwomasua mu ne tsitsiriw fitsi ber a wɔdze bɔbɔɔ adze wɔ Anaafo afa mu ne fa kɛse  noara wɔ Ɔmanko no ekyir wɔ 1861–1865 mu. Ɔreyɛ ayɛ dɛ  mbra a ɔfa awarfo  ho no amma Amerikafo a wɔyɛ ebibifo nyina anntow ambatow  wɔ Anaafo afa mu na ɔmaa wɔamma obiara annyɛ ananmusinyi  biara wɔ ɔman no mu.

Ɔwɔ mu dɛ wɔ nsusui mu no na mpaapaamu nkyerɛkyerɛ a &quot;ɔyɛ pɛr&quot; no dzi ɔmamfo ndzɛmba na akwantu do kwan dze, naaso nna mbea a wɔdze ma Amerikafo a wɔyɛ ebibifo no suar ber nyina na nna wonnya sika pii ber a wɔdze toto adan a wɔdze ma Amerikafo aborɔfo ho no; ɔtɔ da bi a, nna adan biara nnyi hɔ mma ebibifo mpɔtamu hɔfo koraa.&lt;ref name=&quot;tperd&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Perdue |first1=Theda |title=Legacy of Jim Crow for Southern Native Americans |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?302379-1/legacy-jim-crow-southern-native-americans |website=C-SPAN  |access-date=27 November 2018 |date=October 28, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;jimlu&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Lowery |first1=Malinda Maynor |title=Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South: Race, Identity, and the Making of a Nation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLY3XbAqDUwC|publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press |access-date=27 November 2018 |pages=0–339 |date=2010|isbn=9780807833681 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna kwan kɛse noara na ɔda ɔno na  pɛryɛ ntamu , dɛ mbrahyɛ kuw no, Jim Crow dze sikasɛm, nwomasua, amambu na asetsena mu ɔhaw ahorow na ɔman ba a ɔtɔ do ebien sii hɔ maa Amerikafo a wɔyɛ ebibifo dodow noara a wɔtse United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;tperd&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;jimlu&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;jewolf&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wolfley |first1=Jeanette |title=Jim Crow, Indian Style: The Disenfranchisement of Native Americans |journal=Indian Law Review |date=1990 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=167–202 |url=http://health-equity.lib.umd.edu/567/1/JimCrowAIStyle.pdf |access-date=27 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412011616/http://health-equity.lib.umd.edu/567/1/JimCrowAIStyle.pdf |archive-date=April 12, 2019 |url-status=dead |doi=10.2307/20068694 |jstor=20068694 |hdl=1903/22633 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;Ber a wɔtseew National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) kuw no wɔ afe 1909 no n'ekyir no, ɔdze no ho hyɛɛ ɔmanfo ɔsɔretsia a ɔkɔr do na ɔsatu ahorow a wɔdze tsiaa Jim Crow mbra ahorow, nye dza wɔfrɛ no &quot;tsetsewmu naaso wɔyɛ pɛr&quot; nkyerɛkyerɛ no mu.

Afe 1954 mu no, U.S. Asɛndzibea no kaa dɛ ɔman skuul ahorow a wɔpaapae mu (a ɔman no boa) no nnyi mbra mu ber a nna woridzi  Brown v. n'asɛm no.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.landmarkcases.org/cases/brown-v-board-of-education|title=Brown v. Board of Education|website=Landmark Supreme Court Cases|access-date=2019-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.oyez.org/cases/1940-1955/347us483|title=Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka |website=Oyez|language=en|access-date=2019-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nmaahc.si.edu/blog-post/two-landmark-decisions-fight-equality-and-justice|title=Two Landmark Decisions in the Fight for Equality and Justice|date=2017-10-11|website=National Museum of African American History and Culture|language=en|access-date=2019-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Board of Education of Topeka. Aman bi mu no, ɔgyee mfe pii ansaana wɔdze dɛm egyinasi yi ridzi dwuma, ber a Warren Asɛndzibea no kɔr do buu atsɛn tsiaa Jim Crow mbra wɔ nsɛm afofor tse dɛ Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States (1964) mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.oyez.org/cases/1964/515|title=Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States|website=Oyez|language=en|access-date=2019-09-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yɛreka no dodow mu a, Civil Rights Act of 1964 no taa dan Jim Crow mbra a aka no. Wɔtaa dan Anaafo  afamu ɔman no ne mbra a ɔko tsia ebusua a wɔdze hɔnho hyɛ mu no wɔ afe1967 asɛm a ɔnye Loving v. Virginia ridzi no mu.

== '''Abɔse''' ==
Yebotum aka dɛ ber a odzi kan wɔdze asɛmfua  &quot;Jim Crow mmara&quot;  dzii dwuma yɛ afe 1884 mu wɔ atsesɛm krataa mu asɛm bi a ɔbɔ mbrahyɛbagua ekyingyegye ho asɛm tsiaba mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url= https://www.newspapers.com/clip/75375764/sioux-city-journal-iowa-18-december/ |title=Congressional|work=Sioux City Journal |date=December 18, 1884 |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Kasafua no pue wɔ afe 1892 mu wɔ New York Times asɛm bi a ɔfa Louisiana a ɔhwehwɛ dɛ wɔdze keteke kar a wɔatsew hɔn ho no mu.&lt;ref name=scjc7/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url= https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E05EEDB1F31E033A25752C2A9649D94639ED7CF |page=1|title=Louisiana's 'Jim Crow' Law Valid|quote=New Orleans, Dec 20. – The Supreme Court yesterday declared constitutional the law passed two years ago and known as the 'Jim Crow' law, making it compulsory on railroads to provide separate cars for black people.|work=The New York Times |date=December 21, 1892 |location=New York |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=February 6, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Wɔtaa ka dɛ asɛmfua &quot;Jim Crow&quot; n'abɔse fi &quot;Jump Jim Crow&quot;, ndwom na asaw mfonyin a ɔfa ebibifo ho a  borɔnyi ɔgofoba  Thomas D. Rice a ɔkokwaaw n'enyim  tuntum yɛe, a odzii kan yɛɛ no ​​wɔ afe 1828 mu. Osiandɛ Rice gyee dzin ntsi, nna Jim Crow abɛyɛ asɛm a ɔyɛ enyimtisabu a ɔkyerɛ &quot;Negro&quot; wɔ afe 1838 mu. Ber a Anaafo afa mu mbrahyɛbagua ahorow no hyehyɛɛ mbusuakuw mu mpaapaamu ho mbra a wɔdze tsia Amerikafo a wɔyɛ ebibifo wɔ afeha a ɔtɔ do 19 n'ewiei no, na wɔbɛfrɛɛ dɛm mbra ahorow yi Jim Crow mbra.&lt;ref name=scjc7&gt;[[C. Vann Woodward|Woodward, C. Vann]], and McFeely, William S. (2001), ''The Strange Career of Jim Crow''. p. 7.&lt;/ref&gt;

== '''Farbaa''' ==
Afe January 1865 mu no, mbrahyɛbagua no dze nsesa bi a ɔbɛma woetu nkowaasom wɔ United States no ho nhyehyɛɛ mae na wɔgyee too mu dɛ Nsesa a ɔto do Du ebiasa wɔ December 18, 1865 afe no mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jaynes2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Gerald D. |last=Jaynes|title=Encyclopedia of African American Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eV45DQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT864|date=2005|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-0-7619-2764-8|pages=864–}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Jimcrow.jpg|thumb|Cover of an early edition of &quot;[[Jump Jim Crow]]&quot; sheet music ({{circa|1832}})]]
[[File:FreedmenVotingInNewOrleans1867.jpeg|thumb|Freedmen voting in [[New Orleans]], 1867]]

Nsiesie ber a ɔbae wɔ afe 1865–1877 mu no, aban mbra dze ɔmamfo hokwan ahorow ho ahobambɔ mae wɔ U.S. Anaafo afa mu maa hɔn a wɔadze hɔnho efi nkowaasom mu, Amerikafo a wɔyɛ ebibifo a nna wɔyɛ nkowaa, na ebibifo kakraa bi a nna wɔdze hɔnho ansaana ɔko no reba. 1870 afe no mu no, Democratfo san nyaa tum wɔ Anaafo afa mu mbrahyɛbaguafo mu ber a basabasayɛfo etuatsewfo kuw a wɔaka abɔ mu,&lt;ref name=&quot;Milewski2017&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Melissa |last=Milewski|title=Litigating Across the Color Line: Civil Cases Between Black and White Southerners from the End of Slavery to Civil Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zXo7DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA47|year=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-024919-9|pages=47–}}&lt;/ref&gt; tse dɛ Ku Klux Klan, White League, na Red Shirts sɛe Republicanfo nhyehyɛɛ, tuu Republicanfo mpanyimfo, tui fii kurow no mu, na wokum ebibifo ambatofo dɛ ehunahuna kwan a wɔfa do siw ebibifo ambatofo no ano kwan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Harriot |first=Michael |title=Four Hundred Souls: A Community History of African America, 1619–2019 |title-link=Four Hundred Souls |publisher=One World |year=2021 |isbn=978-0-593-13404-7 |editor-last=Kendi |editor-first=Ibram X. |editor-link=Ibram X. Kendi |location=New York |pages=234–238 |chapter=Reconstruction |editor-last2=Blain |editor-first2=Keisha N. |editor-link2=Keisha N. Blain}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wɔdze ambatowfo nsisi kɛse so dzii dwuma. Asɛm bi mu no, etuatsew anaa etuatsew a ɔkɔr do pefee wɔ North Carolina mpoano no maa woyii Republican kuw no mu mpanyimfo na ananmusifo mpanyimfo a wɔpaaw hɔn wɔ ka bi na menka bi kwan do no fii hɔ, na wɔhwehwɛɛ hɔn anaadɛ wɔtaa hɔn fii hɔ. Nna Amrado ambatow aban no na wɔagye ho ekyingye wɔ Louisiana mfe pii, na basabasayɛ a wɔyɛe tsiaa Amerikafo ebibifo no kɔr sor wɔ ɔsatu ahorow mu fi 1868 rokɔ no.&lt;ref name=&quot;Perman2009&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Michael |last=Perman |author-link=Michael Perman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVHODYI1fNUC&amp;pg=PA138 |title=Pursuit of Unity: A Political History of the American South |publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8078-3324-7 |pages=138–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nsiesie a wɔyɛe wɔ 1877 mu dɛ wobenya Anaafo afamu mboa wɔ amampanyinfo ambatow no mu no maa aban noyii ɔman no mu aseraafo a wotwa tun no fii Anaafo afa mu.&lt;ref name=scjc6&gt;[[C. Vann Woodward|Woodward, C. Vann]], and McFeely, William S. ''The Strange Career of Jim Crow''. 2001, p.&amp;nbsp;6.&lt;/ref&gt;  Nna Democratfo Aborɔfo asan enya amambu mu tum wɔ Anaafo afa mu  mantɔw biara mu. Dɛm Anaafo afa mu no, aborɔfo, &quot;Agyefo&quot; aban ne mbra Jim Crow mbra ahorow, na ɔtsetseew ɔman no mu nyimpa mu wɔ mbra kwan do. Nna Jim Crow mbra ahorow no yɛ tumdzi amambu  a wɔdze kyerɛ ebusuakuw kor pɔtsee bi a wɔada no edzi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Parker|first1=Christopher Sebastian|last2=Towler|first2=Christopher C.|date=2019-05-11|title=Race and Authoritarianism in American Politics|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|language=en|volume=22|issue=1|pages=503–519|doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-064519|issn=1094-2939|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;


Nna wɔda ho ara paw ebibifo kɔ mpɔtamu hɔ edwumayɛbea ahorow mu wɔ afe 1880 no  mu wɔ mpɔtamu hɔ mbea a ebibifo dɔɔ so, naaso wosiiw hɔn ambatow ano kwan wɔ ɔman no mu. Aman no hyɛɛ mbra dɛ wɔbɛma ambatowfo dzinkyerɛw na ambatow ho mbra ayɛ anohyeto kɛse, na ma ofii mu bae nye dɛ ebibifo dodow noara ne aborɔfo ehiafo pii amambu mu kyɛfa a wonyae no hyɛɛ ase dɛ no do retsew.&lt;ref name=&quot;Michael Perman 2001&quot;&gt;[[Michael Perman|Perman, Michael]]. ''Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888–1908''. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001, Introduction.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;Kousser, J. Morgan,''The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South'', New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974.&lt;/ref&gt;   Afe 1890 na 1910 ntamu no, nkan Confederate aman du-biako no mu du, a ɔhyɛɛ ase wɔ Mississippi, yɛɛ mbrahyɛbagua fofor anaa nsesa ahorow a ɔmaa ebibifo dodow noara na aborɔfo ehiafo mpempem pii nyaa akwanya ber a wɔkaa tow ahorow bɔbɔɔ mu, akenkan ne akyerɛw na ntsease ho sɔhwɛ ahorow, n ahwehwɛdze ahorow a ɔfa tsenabea na kyerɛwtohɔ so a wɔaka abɔmu do.&lt;ref name=&quot;Michael Perman 2001&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt; Nananom nsɛm maa aborɔfo binom a wonyim akenkan na akyerɛw kwan ma wɔtoow amba  naaso amma ebibifo dodow noara ahotɔ biara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Glenn Feldman 2004, pp.&amp;nbsp;135–136&quot;&gt;Glenn Feldman, ''The Disfranchisement Myth: Poor Whites and Suffrage Restriction in Alabama'', Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2004, pp.&amp;nbsp;135–36.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nyimpa dodow a wɔtow amba no do tsewee kɛse wɔ Anaafo afamu ɔnam dɛm nhyehyɛɛ no ho ntsi. Ekɔ Louisiana a, nyimpa dodow  1900 no, nna ebibifo a wɔtow amba no hɔn do tsewee baa 5,320 wɔ nyimpa dodow a wɔkyerɛɛw hɔn edzin no, ɔwɔ mu dɛ nna hɔn na wɔdɔɔ so wɔ ɔman no mu dze . Odur afe 1910 mu no, ebibifo 730 pɛ na wɔkyerɛɛw hɔn edzin, na onndu ebibifo  a wɔfata dɛ wɔtow amba no mu 0.5% mpo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pildes&quot;/&gt; &quot;Ɔman no nsɔr nsɔr ahorow 60 no mu 27 mu no, wɔannkyerɛw ebibifo ambatowfo kor mpo ne dzin bio; wɔ asɔre ahorow 9 fofor mu no, ebibifo ambatowfo kor pɛ na wɔkyerɛɛw ne dzin.  Carolina n'Anaafo afamu aman afofor no kyerɛ dɛ, woyii ebibifo ambatowfo hɔn edzin fii ambatow krataa no mu fitsi afe 1896 kɛpeem 1904. Hɔn a nna wɔyɛ adantamfo wɔ ahodze mu no, hɔn nkɔdo berɛɛ adze. Ekɔ Carolina n'Anaafo nye Etsifi aman bi do a, ebibifo binom hun amandze osiandɛ nna wɔmma wonnhu dza ɔrokɔdo wɔ amambu no mu.  &quot;[ Mfe du a nna wonnyi  hokwan mu no, nna aborɔfo tumdzi ɔsatu no eyi ebibifo adzefo a wɔtɔ do ebien no hɔn ho asɛm efi hɔn tsir mu .&quot;Ekɔ Albama a, wogyee aborɔfo ehiafo mpempem du so hɔn fahodzi fii hɔn nsamu, ɔwɔ mu dɛ ahyɛse no nna mbrahyɛbaguafo ahyɛ hɔn bɔ dɛ akwansiwdze fofor no rinnsiw hɔn kwan dze.

Hɔn a woenntum anntow amba no mfata dɛ wɔsom wɔ asɛndzi baguafo mu na worunntum so nnyɛ edwuma mma mpɔtamu hɔ edwumayɛbea ahorow no mu biara. Woyii hɔnho fii amambu mu koraa, osiandɛ nna worunntum nnya nsunsuando biara wɔ ɔman no ne mbrahyɛbaguafo nsɛm mu, na wobuu whɔn enyi guu hɔn enyigyedze do. Ber a nna Reconstruction mbrahyɛbaguafo dze aban skuul ahorow esi hɔ ber a odzi  wɔ Anaafo afamu aman dodow noara mu no, nna sika a wɔdze ma mbofra a wɔyɛ ebibifo no nndzi mu sɛ yɛdze  toto skuul ahorow a  mmbofra aborɔfo wɔ mu no ho a, ber mpo a wosusuw ho wɔ ɔko no ekyir wɔ Anaafo afamu  ber a asaaba no bo kɔr do kɔr famu ma ɔmaa kuayɛ mu sikasɛm so baa famu no.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TUjFAAAAQBAJ&amp;q=underfunded+jim+crow+schools&amp;pg=PA145|title=History, Education, and the Schools|last=Reese|first=W.|date=2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0230104822|pages=145|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tse dɛ skuul ahorow no, nna wonnya sika pii mma ɔmamfo nwomakorabea ahorow a wɔdze ma ebibifo, sɛ ɔwɔ hɔ koraa a, nna wɔtaa dze nwoma a wɔdze edzi dwuma dada nye ndzɛmba afofor gu mu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TUjFAAAAQBAJ&amp;q=underfunded+jim+crow+schools&amp;pg=PA145|title=History, Education, and the Schools|last=Reese|first=W.|date=2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0230104822|pages=145|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wɔammfa dɛm ndzɛmba yinom amma Amerikafo a wɔyɛ ebibifo wɔ Anaafo afamu  kesii mfe du a odzi kan wɔ afeha a ɔtɔ do 20 no mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Battles, D. M. 2009&quot;&gt;Battles, D. M. (2009). ''The History of Public Library Access for African Americans in the South, or, Leaving Behind the Plow.'' Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.&lt;/ref&gt;  Jim Crow ber no nyina mu no, nna nwomakorabea ahorow wɔ mbea bi nkotsee.&lt;ref name=&quot;fultz2006&quot;&gt;Fultz, M. (2006). &quot;Black Public Libraries in the South in the Era of De Jure Segregation&quot;. ''Libraries &amp; The Cultural Record'', 41(3), 338.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ansana afeha a ɔtɔ do eduonu reba no, nna nwomakorabea dodow noara a wɔdze sii hɔ maa Amerikafo a wɔyɛ ebibifo no yɛ skuul na nwomakorabea a wɔaka abɔ mu.&lt;ref name=&quot;fultz2006&quot;/&gt;  Wɔhyehyɛɛ aban nwomakorabea pii maa Europa-Amerikafo na Afrika-Amerikafo a wɔboaa Europafo na Afrikafo-Amerikafo nyina wɔ dɛm ber yi mu osian adzefo a wɔtɔ do ebien mu  mpanyimfo hɔn dwumadzi a wɔdze boa a  ofi Carnegie Kuw no hɔ bae ntsi.

Tsebea ahorow bi mu no, nhyehyɛɛ a ɔdze mpontu ba a wɔyɛe dɛ wɔdze wɔbɛtsew ambatow mu nsisi do, tse dɛ Eight Box Law a ɔwɔ South Carolina no, koe tsiaa ebiifo na aborɔfo ambatowfo a nna wɔyɛ ekruntufo, osiandɛ  nna wonntum nndzi akwankyerɛ no ekyir.&lt;ref name=&quot;Holt&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Holt|first=Thomas|author-link=Thomas C. Holt|title=Black over White: Negro Political Leadership in South Carolina during Reconstruction|url=https://archive.org/details/blackoverwhitene0000holt|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=1979|location=Urbana}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ber a nna ntsetsewmu a ɔda Africafo a wɔyɛ Amerikafo  na aborɔfo nyimpa dodow no ntamu no rebɛyɛ mbra a wɔagye ato mu wɔ Progressive Era ber do no,  (afe 1890–1920  no) mu no, nna ɔrebɛyɛ amandze so. Nsɛm a Jim Crow mbra no mmbra ebibifo dɛ mma wɔmmfa hɔnho nnhyɛ agodzi anaa ahomgye agodzi mu mpo no, nna amambra a wɔatsew hɔnho abɛyɛ dza ebu do.&lt;ref name=scjc7 /&gt;

Jim Crow ne nsɛm mu no, amampanyin amba a wɔtowee wɔ afe 1912 mu no, wɔyɛe ma otsiaa Afrikafo a wɔyɛ Amerikafo no hɔn pɛ. Ebibifo dodowara a wɔyɛ Amerikafo no nna wɔda ho ara tse Anaafo afamu, ber a nna wɔagye hɔn hokwan efi hɔn nsamu koraa, dɛm ntsi wonntum nntow amba koraa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dittmer1980&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author-link=John Dittmer|first=John|last=Dittmer|title=Black Georgia in the Progressive Era, 1900–1920|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mW4gKvP1oZkC&amp;pg=PA108|year=1980|publisher=University of Illinois Press|isbn=978-0-252-00813-9|pages=108–}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ber a ambatow ho sika na enyibuei ho akadze siiw ehiafo anaa ekruntufo dodowara ho kwan dɛ wɔbɔtow amba no, dɛm nhyehyɛɛ ahorow yi dze akwan bi too hɔ maa Europafo nna wɔyɛ Amerikafo dɛ wobotum edu ndzɛmba a wɔdze egu akwn mu no ho. Yɛdze Oklahoma hɔ reyɛ mfatoho no, obiara a nna ɔfata dɛ ɔtow amba biara wɔ afe 1866 mu no, anaa dɛ ɔnye obi a ɔfata dɛ ɔtow amba wɔ afe 1866 no bi wɔ ebusuabɔ no (tse dɛ &quot;nanasɛm&quot;), woyi no fi enyibuei ahwehwɛdze no mu, na mbom mbanyimfo ara a wonyaa akwanya no ansaana dɛm afe no reba no yɛ aborɔfo anaa Europa-Amerikafo. Woyii Europa Amerikafo no fii enyibuei nsɔhwɛ no mu, na wɔnam mbrakwan do yii Amerikafo no sii nkyɛn.&lt;ref&gt;Tomlins, Christopher L. ''The United States Supreme Court: The Pursuit of Justice''. 2005, p.&amp;nbsp;195.&lt;/ref&gt;

Woodrow Wilson yɛ Democratnyi a wɔpaaw no fii New Jersey, naaso wɔwoo no na wɔtsetsee no wɔ Anaafo afamju, na nna ɔyɛ ɔmampanyin a odzi kan a wɔwoo no wɔ Anaafo afamu wɔ Ɔmanko ekyir ber no mu. Ɔpaaw Anaafo Afamfo  kɔr n'amambukuw no mu. Binom hyɛɛ ase dɛ wɔrohwehwɛ edwumayɛbea ahorow a wɔatsew hɔn ho ntsɛm ara, ɔwɔ mu dɛ nna wɔaka Washington kurow no, D.C., na aban edwumayɛbea ahorow abɔ mu fi Ɔmanko no ekyir dze. Afe 1913 mu no, wɔtsee dɛ Sikakorabea Ɔkyerɛwfo William Gibbs McAdoo – a Ɔmampanyin no apaw no – rekyerɛ n'adwen wɔ mbea a ebibifo na aborɔfo a wɔbɔ mu yɛ edwuma wɔ aban edwumayɛbea kor mu ho: &quot;Metse nka dɛ ɔwɔ dɛ iyi kɔ tsia mbaa aborɔfo no wɔ. Aso siantsir bi wɔ hɔ a ɔwɔ dɛ aborɔfo mbasiafo no nnya aborɔfo mbasiafo a wɔdze mfir ahorow yɛ  edwuma anaa?&lt;ref&gt;King, Desmond. ''Separate and Unequal: Black Americans and the US Federal Government''. 1995, p. 3.&lt;/ref&gt;

Wilson n'amambu no dze mpaapaamu baa aban edwumayɛbea ahorow mu, ɔmmfa ho  Afrikafo-Amerikafo akandzifo na aborɔfo nkɔdo kuw a wɔwɔ etsifi na mfinimfini atɔe mu no hɔn kasa tsia  no.&lt;ref name=&quot;BerkinMiller2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Carol |last=Berkin|author1-link=Carol Berkin|author2=Christopher Miller|author3=Robert Cherny|author4=James Gormly|title=Making America: A History of the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zhcIPxzRC9YC&amp;pg=PT578|date=2011|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-0-495-90979-8|pages=578–}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ɔpaaw Anaafo afamu amanyɛfo  osian n’ankasa ne gyidzi a no mu yɛ dzen dɛ mbusuakuw mu mpaapaamu no yɛ dza oye ma ebibifo na Europa Amerikafo nyina ntsi.&lt;ref name=wilson&gt;{{interlanguage link|Jan Willem Schulte Nordholt|lt=Schulte Nordholt, J. W.|nl}}, and [[Herbert H. Rowen|Rowen, Herbert H.]], ''[https://archive.org/details/woodrowwilsonlif00schu Woodrow Wilson: A Life for World Peace]''. 1991, pp.&amp;nbsp;99–100.&lt;/ref&gt; Great Reunion a wɔyɛe wɔ afe 1913 mu wɔ Gettysburg no ase no, Wilson kasae kyerɛɛ nyimpadɔm no wɔ July 4, Abraham Lincoln mpaemuka a ɔkae dɛ “wɔabɔ nyimpa nyina pɛ” no.

Hwɛ mbrɛ kuw no edzi mu prɛkopɛr na hwɛ mbrɛ ɔsom bo ma hɛn nyina fa, hwɛ mbrɛ ekyingye biara nnyi ho, hwɛ mbrɛ osi wɔ  ayamuyie na enyimnyam fa, ber a wɔdze ɔman biara aka iyi ho no, hɛn ebusua kɛse a  mberantsɛfo a wɔdze hɔnho wɔ mu no!&lt;ref name=blight&gt;[[David W. Blight|Blight, David W.]] (2001), ''[[Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory]]'', pp. 9–11.&lt;/ref&gt;

Nna  ɔnye Wilson bɔ ebira koraa , Washington Bee samufo  bi bisae dɛ bi a 1913 mu &quot;nkabɔmu bio&quot; no yɛ hɔn a wɔkoe maa &quot;nkowaasom asetɔr&quot; no nkabɔ mu bio anaadɛ hɔn a wɔkoe dɛ &quot;wɔbɛma nkowaasom akɔ do atsena hɔ na mprempren wɔdze fi na ekyingye biara a wonyim dɛ ɔyɛ ndaadaa&quot; ridzi dwuma dze akyerɛ fahdzi dɛ edwuma a orunntum nnyɛ yie&lt;ref name=blight /&gt;. Abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo David W. Blight hun dɛ &quot;Asomdwe  Afahyɛ&quot; a Wilson dzii enyim wɔ Gettysburg wɔ afe 1913 mu no &quot;yɛ Jim Crow nkabɔmu bio,na aborɔfo tumdzi no na ama ɔdze koomyɛ no aba,mpanyimfo a wɔdeda dwumadzi ano a yennhu hɔn.&lt;ref name=blight /&gt; 

Ekɔ Texas a, nkurow dodowara na wɔpaaw mpaapaamu mbra a wɔyɛe no wɔ afe 1910 na 1920 mu no.&lt;ref name=blight /&gt; Mbra  ketsee no hwehwɛe dɛ wɔdze  nsubura na eguaree a wɔatsew hɔn ho besisi hɔ. Amerikafo a wɔyɛ ebibifo a woeyi hɔn efi mu no so nyaa mboa wɔ Republicanfo lily-white kuw no mu.&lt;ref name=Heersink&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Heersink |first1=Boris |last2=Jenkins |first2=Jeffery A. |date=2020-01-06 |title=Whiteness and the Emergence of the Republican Party in the Early Twentieth-Century South |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/studies-in-american-political-development/article/abs/whiteness-and-the-emergence-of-the-republican-party-in-the-early-twentiethcentury-south/899B4B98A78353683C3C6050DFA5771B |journal=Studies in American Political Development |language=en |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=71–90 |doi=10.1017/S0898588X19000208 |s2cid=213551748 |issn=0898-588X|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Mboaedze ==

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