Talk:Hello jaɓɓorgo

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    <title>Talk:Hello jaɓɓorgo</title>
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        <username>Johannnes89</username>
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      <comment>reverting vandalism by [[Special:Contributions/45.233.105.48]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="5292" sha1="c0sxidpier60koqllvjll9lgi59xbwj" xml:space="preserve">Useemen e haande bandiraɓe Fulɓe woɓɓe kawtal  e wikimidia ngal Fulfulde215 mii winnditee gamma temngo'o arduungal laamu e nder Fulfulde wikipedia ngal ummatore kowtarɓe ɓe kawtal taa daarungo'o kowngal ngal ndaatal jeytul anndal Fulfulde wikipedia e taa ummatore yimmɓe kowtarɓe ɓe kawtal hurre.
[[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 06:45, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC)

== E mii tiɗina ɓaawngo kowtarku ɗon waaɗateta taa ɓesdungo winndande de Fulfulde wikipedia  ==

gamma hemngo anndal ngal kautal hurre e nder walletooɓe ummatore yimmɓe too les kowtarku ɗon waaɗateta cuuɓul Fulfulde wikipedia  [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] ([[User talk:Adamu ab|yeewtu]]) 09:28, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC)

== E miitiɗina ɓaawngo kowtarku ɗon waaɗateta taa ɓesdungo winndande de Fulfulde wikipedia  ==

gamma hemngo anndal ngal kautal hurre e nder walletooɓe ummatore yimmɓe too les kowtarku ɗon waaɗateta cuuɓul Fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] ([[User talk:Adamu ab|yeewtu]]) 09:32, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC)

== Emii ɗon nanaa belɗum wallitaaki banɗam pullo gam o laato ballo hooreejo fulfulde wikipedia. ==

thanks [[User:Mamman AA|Mamman AA]] ([[User talk:Mamman AA|yeewtu]]) 16:01, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC)

== wallitaaki banɗam ==

emii heeditii haa ɗo'o Gam wallitaaki banɗam pullo hedidaaki laataki ballo ha nder fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Mamman AA|Mamman AA]] ([[User talk:Mamman AA|yeewtu]]) 16:11, 6 Korse 2024 (UTC)

Nder Fulfulde koute e yahi,en Arabji nibkii lysdi Naajeriya jam borgu  Wikipedia toe sebjee Project. Ehh war,ee traini ko bidaa sarboree editor, Fulfulde Wikipedia kankoo tibere lysdi Naajeriya yaree,en, mawbe bididoo ilmu nankoo tarihi, toe sibiree,ilmu sibgou Ari [[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ([[User talk:Bembety|yeewtu]]) 19:22, 7 Korse 2024 (UTC)

Emii semmbedina baawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder fulfulde Wikipedia

Gamma wango'o heebatungo kautal hurre ngal ummatore yimmbe too Les kowtarku don kautal hurre taa nder ndaatai jeytul fulfulde Wikipedia

== Emii semmbedina baawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder fulfulde Wikipedia ==

Emii semmbedina baawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder fulfulde Wikipedia

== Emii semmbedina baawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder fulfulde Wikipedia ==

Gamma wango'o heebatungo kautal hurre ngal nder ummatore yimmbe too Les kowtarku don kautal hurre taa nder ndaatai jeytul fulfulde Wikipedia

== E mii semmɓedina ɓaawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder Fulfulde wikipedia ==

Gamma wango'o  heeɓatungo kautal  hurre ngal ummatore yimmɓe too les kowtarku ɗon kautal hurre taa nder ndaatal jeytul Fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Hauwa&amp;#39;u lawal ardo|Hauwa&amp;#39;u lawal ardo]] ([[User talk:Hauwa&amp;#39;u lawal ardo|yeewtu]]) 16:17, 8 Korse 2024 (UTC)

== E mii semmɓedina ɓaawande de ciiryurde kowtarku kautal hurre ngal nder Fulfulde wikipedia ==

Mii gyelii Bandirawo Fulani215 yendee kankoo  shugabaju yandee Fulfulde Wikipedia. Eii kokarii makoo ffwiki limbee saujee, yauwkee, toe bidido. Har jornii Bandirawo toe bandirabe Fulani tarihi sabojee Naajeriya eii lysdi Africa toe Duneeyaru. Mii gyelii gudunmuwa shugabaju yandee Wikipedia nder Fulfulde. [[User:Igallards7|Igallards7]] ([[User talk:Igallards7|yeewtu]]) 17:47, 8 Korse 2024 (UTC)

== Request to be come permanent admin in ffwiki ==

Useemen e haande bandiraɓe Fulɓe woɓɓe kawtal e wikimidia ngal Fulfulde toe ya,e Fulani215215 mii winnditee gamma temngo'o arduungal laamu e nder Fulfulde wikipedia ngal ummatore kowtarɓe ɓe kawtal taa daarungo'o kowngal ngal ndaatal jeytul anndal Fulfulde wikipedia e taa ummatore yimmɓe kowtarɓe ɓe kawtal huree. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 18:49, 9 Bowte 2024 (UTC)

== Emii semɓiiɗinii bandiraawo giɗɗo tefukii laataki hooreejo haa dow fulfulde wikipeediya bi'ado fulani215 gam yiɗii laato adiminnjo nder fulfulde wikipedia  ==

Adminnjo nder fulfulde wikipedia [[User:Mamman AA|Mamman AA]] ([[User talk:Mamman AA|yeewtu]]) 19:46, 9 Bowte 2024 (UTC)

== Announcement/ Emitakou Bandirabe am  ==

Miin wanii bandirabe am Fulani215 e mi wata,en project makko Fulfulde Wikipedia yahai jingirde toe yahai yare,en lysidi Naajeeriya Bioware Visibilizing Minority Languages in Nothing Nigeria sadda bewal baware jorni jangirde ilimi, sanee, toh arddido yawte am sadda yare Kuugal Kanuri, Bole, Karai Karai Diiwal funbina toh waila e Hirna jabi lysine Wikipedian.

[[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 13:48, 20 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC)

:Hey @[[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]], eɗen mbiya wonde Damugal renndo ko ɗo mbaaw-ɗon waɗde kala sifa bayyinango ngo mbaw-ɗon jogade ɗoo. I would therefore, moved your announcement to the community village pump. Thanks for the understanding. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 11:58, 29 Duujal 2025 (UTC)
::Walla silko koh sadda Mr chairman Miyetti fuu [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 17:25, 29 Duujal 2025 (UTC)

== Emitakou Ardo yewre  ==

Bandirabe am e yewre Fulfulde Wikipedia admin koh don seree andi sawje articles lere to Wikidata lere makko am.  [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 07:55, 13 Korse 2025 (UTC)</text>
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== Taariiha ==
Ɓe keɓii ko'e sappo Afrik ko'e arande, e nder duuɓi 20 maɓɓe arandeeji ɓe njokki ko'e jowi tan to Afrik: 12 Diisambar 2002 to Ghana e Warri, 3 Juun 2007 to Aljeriya, 12 Agust 2007 to Ghana e nder ko'e Olimpiiki, 25 Nuwambar 2008 to Equatorial Guinea e nder koondirɗe 2008 Women's African Football Championship e May 2011 to Ghana e to All Africa Games.
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Kippu fuku koyɗe rewɓe Naajeeriya, innde maɓɓe Super Falcons, woni darnde Naajeeriya nder fijirde fuku koyɗe rewɓe duniyaaru, nden boo ɗum ɗon mari haaje kawtal fuku koyɗe Naajeeriya (NFF). Kippu oo ko kippu fuku koyɗe rewɓe winndereyankeewo ɓurɗo lollude e Afrik, nde tawnoo kippu nguu heɓii njeenaaje sappo e goo e nder kawgel fuku Afrik rewɓe ; tiitoonde maɓɓe ɓurnde ɓadaade ndee ko e hitaande 2018, caggal nde ɓe keɓi foolde Afrik worgo e kawgel finaal. Kippu oo kadi ko kippu ngenndiijo rewɓe tan ummoriiɗo e Fedde Fuku Afrik, yettiima e kawgel ngel e nder kawgel ngel, kam e kawgel fuku winndere ngel rewɓe e kawgel fuku koyɗe.

Ɓe ngoni kadi ko e kippuuji seeɗa e winndere ndee, kadi ko kippuuji Afrik tan mbaawi heɓde kala eɓɓaande kawgel fuku winndere, tawi ko kamɓe ɓuri waawde yahde e kawgel fuku winndere 1999 ɗo ɓe njottii 1/4 finaal.
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'''Kippu fuku koyɗe rewɓe Naajeeriya''', innde maɓɓe '''Super Falcons''', woni darnde [[Naajeeriya]] nder fijirde fuku koyɗe rewɓe duniyaaru, nden boo ɗum ɗon mari haaje kawtal fuku koyɗe [[Naajeeriya]] (NFF). Kippu oo ko kippu fuku koyɗe rewɓe winndereyankeewo ɓurɗo lollude e [[Afrik]], nde tawnoo kippu nguu heɓii njeenaaje sappo e goo e nder kawgel fuku [[Afrik]] rewɓe ; tiitoonde maɓɓe ɓurnde ɓadaade ndee ko e hitaande 2018, caggal nde ɓe keɓi foolde [[Afrik]] worgo e kawgel finaal. Kippu oo kadi ko kippu ngenndiijo rewɓe tan ummoriiɗo e Fedde Fuku [[Afrik]], yettiima e kawgel ngel e nder kawgel ngel, kam e kawgel fuku winndere ngel rewɓe e kawgel fuku koyɗe.

Ɓe ngoni kadi ko e kippuuji seeɗa e winndere ndee, kadi ko kippuuji Afrik tan mbaawi heɓde kala eɓɓaande kawgel fuku winndere, tawi ko kamɓe ɓuri waawde yahde e kawgel fuku winndere 1999 ɗo ɓe njottii 1/4 finaal.
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  <page>
    <title>Yinka Kudaisi</title>
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'''Yinka Kudaisi (dugumi 25 August 1975) ko jokkondirɗo fuɗnugo leydi Nijeriya, o jogii e nder ɓalli fuɗnngo rewɓe lesdi Nijeriya e nder juulde Olimpiadi fuɗnugol hitaande 2004. Nder suudu, o ɗon mooɓta ngam Pelican Stars'''.
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Yinka Kudaisi (jibinaa ko 25 lewru bowte hitaande 1975) ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe leydi Najeriya, o fiyiino e fedde fuku koyɗe rewɓe leydi Najeriya. O jeyaa kadi ko e kippu ngenndiijo e Olimpiyaaji 2004. To bannge fedde, o fiyiino Pelican Stars.

Ƴeew kadi
Naajeeriya e kawgel Olimpiyaaji 2004
Tuugnorgal'.
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'''Yinka Kudaisi''' (jibinaa ko 25 lewru bowte hitaande 1975) ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe leydi [[Najiriya|Najeriya]], o fiyiino e fedde fuku koyɗe rewɓe leydi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Najeriya]]. O jeyaa kadi ko e kippu ngenndiijo e Olimpiyaaji 2004. To bannge fedde, o fiyiino ''Pelican Stars''.

== Ƴeew kadi ==
[[Naajeeriya]] e kawgel Olimpiyaaji 2004

== Tuugnorgal ==
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      <comment>#Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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'''Yinka Kudaisi''' (jibinaa ko 25 lewru bowte hitaande 1975) ko gonnooɗo gardiiɗo fuku koyɗe leydi [[Najiriya|Najeriya]], o fiyiino e fedde fuku koyɗe rewɓe leydi [[Najeeriya (Nigeria)|Najeriya]]. O jeyaa kadi ko e kippu ngenndiijo e Olimpiyaaji 2004. To bannge fedde, o fiyiino ''Pelican Stars''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensolympic/athens2004/teams/team=1882893/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128051118/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/womensolympic/athens2004/teams/team=1882893/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 January 2013|title=Olympic Women's Football Tournaments Athens 2004 – Squad List: Nigeria (NGR)|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=2 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƴeew kadi ==
[[Naajeeriya]] e kawgel Olimpiyaaji 2004

== Tuugnorgal ==
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  <page>
    <title>Yinka quadri</title>
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      <text bytes="2613" sha1="5k3umx3no7z362gfkann0z7vg6djz9p" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Alhaji Akanni Olayinka Quadri''' // b(jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 suwee 1959) ko fijoowo, waɗoowo filmuuji, peewnoowo e gardiiɗo, jibinaa ko e duunde [[Lagos]], e nder diiwaan [[Lagos]], kono ko jeyaaɗo to Oro, e nder diiwaan Kwara. Ko ɓooyaani koo o waɗii filmo keso ina wiyee Apaadi. O ɗon joɗɗina bana Agba Akin mo Laamu Oro. Ko kanko woni hooreejo &amp; Sosɗo fedde naalankaagal teyaaɗere wiyeteende (Odunfa Caucus) nde biro mum woni to Ebute-Meta, to diiwaan [[Lagos]].

== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Yinka, iwdi Igbomina-, diiwaan Kwara, jibinaa ko e nder galle hakkundeejo e lewru suwee 1959 to duunde [[Lagos]], diiwaan [[Lagos]].

== Jaangirde ==
O timmini jaŋde makko leslesre e jaŋde hakkundeere to duɗal St. Catholic, Idumagbo, [[Lagos]] e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ, Ebute Elefun, [[Lagos]].

== Kugal ==
Golle Yinka (anndiraaɗe kadi Fagbamila) puɗɗii ko e hitaande 1976 nde kanko e Taiwo Olayinka wondude e fedde sehilaaɓe ɓe mbaɗi fedde drama wiyeteende Afopina ''Theatre Group'' caggal nde ɓe njalti e duɗal. O wonii e hoɗde e ko ina ɓura 90 filmo [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] gila e teleeji makko gadani, tiitoonde mum ko Agbodororororororororoun. Ñalnde 27 abriil 2014, Yinka yaltinii nguurndam mum Yinka Quadri: ''Scent Legend'', e sahaa gooto mawnini e duuɓi 36 e nder dingiral filmuuji leydi [[Najiriya|Najeriya]].

== Filmogaraafi cuɓaaɗo ==
Ndee doggol jowitiingol e filmo ina famɗi ; aɗa waawi wallude e ɓeydude geɗe majjuɗe. (2016 feebariyee)

Olanyonu

Kutupu

Kura

Ekun

Agbodorogon

Ojiji

Egbinrin Ote

Arabe

Ilari

Odun Baku

Bolode O'ku

Èebúdelá Tèmi

Abeni

Apadi

Ojo Idajo

Abulesoowo

Niwoyi Ola

Ilekun Olorun

Okinni

Wute jenifa (2011) .

Arinzo (2013)

Owo Blow

77 Bulle (2019)

Shola Ariksa

Gangs of Lagos

== Njeenaaje e noddaali ==
Ndee doggol ina timmi ; aɗa waawi wallude e ɓeydude geɗe majjuɗe. (2016 feebariyee)

Kewu hitaande Njeenaari

2007 3ɓo Academy Academy Academy ɓurɗo moƴƴude e nder suudu ballal Nominaar Ballal

2010 2010 Ɓuri moƴƴude e njeenaari Nollywood ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder leydi (Yoruba) Nomimine

2012 2012 Dabbaaji Nollywood Golloowo ɓurɗo moƴƴude e nder Film (ɗemngal haalooɓe e ɗemngal Engele) Kominated

2013 2013 ɓurɗo moƴƴude e njeenaari Nollywood ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder filmo Yuruba

2014 2014 Ɓuri moƴƴude e njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder Nollywood e nder Darnde (Yoruba) Nomiminaare

2023 Afrika Afrique Njeenaaje Magic Yiylotooɓe ɓurɓe moƴƴude e Gollooɓe e ballal Nomimined

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggo yimbe Yoruba

== Tuugnorgal ==
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[[File:Yinka Quadri.jpg|thumb]]
'''Alhaji Akanni Olayinka Quadri''' // b(jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 suwee 1959) ko fijoowo, waɗoowo filmuuji, peewnoowo e gardiiɗo, jibinaa ko e duunde [[Lagos]], e nder diiwaan [[Lagos]], kono ko jeyaaɗo to Oro, e nder diiwaan Kwara. Ko ɓooyaani koo o waɗii filmo keso ina wiyee Apaadi. O ɗon joɗɗina bana Agba Akin mo Laamu Oro. Ko kanko woni hooreejo &amp; Sosɗo fedde naalankaagal teyaaɗere wiyeteende (Odunfa Caucus) nde biro mum woni to Ebute-Meta, to diiwaan [[Lagos]].

== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Yinka, iwdi Igbomina-, diiwaan Kwara, jibinaa ko e nder galle hakkundeejo e lewru suwee 1959 to duunde [[Lagos]], diiwaan [[Lagos]].

== Jaangirde ==
O timmini jaŋde makko leslesre e jaŋde hakkundeere to duɗal St. Catholic, Idumagbo, [[Lagos]] e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ, Ebute Elefun, [[Lagos]].

== Kugal ==
Golle Yinka (anndiraaɗe kadi Fagbamila) puɗɗii ko e hitaande 1976 nde kanko e Taiwo Olayinka wondude e fedde sehilaaɓe ɓe mbaɗi fedde drama wiyeteende Afopina ''Theatre Group'' caggal nde ɓe njalti e duɗal. O wonii e hoɗde e ko ina ɓura 90 filmo [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] gila e teleeji makko gadani, tiitoonde mum ko Agbodororororororororoun. Ñalnde 27 abriil 2014, Yinka yaltinii nguurndam mum Yinka Quadri: ''Scent Legend'', e sahaa gooto mawnini e duuɓi 36 e nder dingiral filmuuji leydi [[Najiriya|Najeriya]].

== Filmogaraafi cuɓaaɗo ==
Ndee doggol jowitiingol e filmo ina famɗi ; aɗa waawi wallude e ɓeydude geɗe majjuɗe. (2016 feebariyee)

Olanyonu

Kutupu

Kura

Ekun

Agbodorogon

Ojiji

Egbinrin Ote

Arabe

Ilari

Odun Baku

Bolode O'ku

Èebúdelá Tèmi

Abeni

Apadi

Ojo Idajo

Abulesoowo

Niwoyi Ola

Ilekun Olorun

Okinni

Wute jenifa (2011) .

Arinzo (2013)

Owo Blow

77 Bulle (2019)

Shola Ariksa

Gangs of Lagos

== Njeenaaje e noddaali ==
Ndee doggol ina timmi ; aɗa waawi wallude e ɓeydude geɗe majjuɗe. (2016 feebariyee)

Kewu hitaande Njeenaari

2007 3ɓo Academy Academy Academy ɓurɗo moƴƴude e nder suudu ballal Nominaar Ballal

2010 2010 Ɓuri moƴƴude e njeenaari Nollywood ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder leydi (Yoruba) Nomimine

2012 2012 Dabbaaji Nollywood Golloowo ɓurɗo moƴƴude e nder Film (ɗemngal haalooɓe e ɗemngal Engele) Kominated

2013 2013 ɓurɗo moƴƴude e njeenaari Nollywood ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder filmo Yuruba

2014 2014 Ɓuri moƴƴude e njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder Nollywood e nder Darnde (Yoruba) Nomiminaare

2023 Afrika Afrique Njeenaaje Magic Yiylotooɓe ɓurɓe moƴƴude e Gollooɓe e ballal Nomimined

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggo yimbe Yoruba

== Tuugnorgal ==
[[Category:Stub]]</text>
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[[File:Yinka Quadri.jpg|thumb]]
'''Alhaji Akanni Olayinka Quadri''' // b(jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 suwee 1959) ko fijoowo, waɗoowo filmuuji, peewnoowo e gardiiɗo, jibinaa ko e duunde [[Lagos]], e nder diiwaan [[Lagos]], kono ko jeyaaɗo to Oro, e nder diiwaan Kwara. Ko ɓooyaani koo o waɗii filmo keso ina wiyee Apaadi. O ɗon joɗɗina bana Agba Akin mo Laamu Oro. Ko kanko woni hooreejo &amp; Sosɗo fedde naalankaagal teyaaɗere wiyeteende (Odunfa Caucus) nde biro mum woni to Ebute-Meta, to diiwaan [[Lagos]].

== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Yinka, iwdi Igbomina-, diiwaan Kwara, jibinaa ko e nder galle hakkundeejo e lewru suwee 1959 to duunde [[Lagos]], diiwaan [[Lagos]].

== Jaangirde ==
O timmini jaŋde makko leslesre e jaŋde hakkundeere to duɗal St. Catholic, Idumagbo, [[Lagos]] e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ, Ebute Elefun, [[Lagos]].

== Kugal ==
Golle Yinka (anndiraaɗe kadi Fagbamila) puɗɗii ko e hitaande 1976 nde kanko e Taiwo Olayinka wondude e fedde sehilaaɓe ɓe mbaɗi fedde drama wiyeteende Afopina ''Theatre Group'' caggal nde ɓe njalti e duɗal.&lt;ref name=&quot;watch&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/dropped-school-yinka-quadri/|title=Why I dropped out of school – Yinka Quadri|work=Newswatch Times|last=Alabi|first=Ajibade|date=10 May 2014|access-date=4 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wonii e hoɗde e ko ina ɓura 90 filmo [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] gila e teleeji makko gadani, tiitoonde mum ko Agbodororororororororoun. Ñalnde 27 abriil 2014, Yinka yaltinii nguurndam mum Yinka Quadri: ''Scent Legend'', e sahaa gooto mawnini e duuɓi 36 e nder dingiral filmuuji leydi [[Najiriya|Najeriya]].

== Filmogaraafi cuɓaaɗo ==
Ndee doggol jowitiingol e filmo ina famɗi ; aɗa waawi wallude e ɓeydude geɗe majjuɗe. (2016 feebariyee)

Olanyonu

Kutupu

Kura

Ekun

Agbodorogon

Ojiji

Egbinrin Ote

Arabe

Ilari

Odun Baku

Bolode O'ku

Èebúdelá Tèmi

Abeni

Apadi

Ojo Idajo

Abulesoowo

Niwoyi Ola

Ilekun Olorun

Okinni

Wute jenifa (2011) .

Arinzo (2013)

Owo Blow

77 Bulle (2019)

Shola Ariksa

Gangs of Lagos

== Njeenaaje e noddaali ==
Ndee doggol ina timmi ; aɗa waawi wallude e ɓeydude geɗe majjuɗe. (2016 feebariyee)

Kewu hitaande Njeenaari

2007 3ɓo Academy Academy Academy ɓurɗo moƴƴude e nder suudu ballal Nominaar Ballal

2010 2010 Ɓuri moƴƴude e njeenaari Nollywood ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder leydi (Yoruba) Nomimine

2012 2012 Dabbaaji Nollywood Golloowo ɓurɗo moƴƴude e nder Film (ɗemngal haalooɓe e ɗemngal Engele) Kominated

2013 2013 ɓurɗo moƴƴude e njeenaari Nollywood ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder filmo Yuruba

2014 2014 Ɓuri moƴƴude e njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder Nollywood e nder Darnde (Yoruba) Nomiminaare

2023 Afrika Afrique Njeenaaje Magic Yiylotooɓe ɓurɓe moƴƴude e Gollooɓe e ballal Nomimined

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggo yimbe Yoruba

== Tuugnorgal ==
[[Category:Stub]]</text>
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[[File:Yinka Quadri.jpg|thumb]]
'''Alhaji Akanni Olayinka Quadri''' // b(jibinaa ko ñalnde 6 suwee 1959) ko fijoowo, waɗoowo filmuuji, peewnoowo e gardiiɗo, jibinaa ko e duunde [[Lagos]], e nder diiwaan [[Lagos]], kono ko jeyaaɗo to Oro, e nder diiwaan Kwara. Ko ɓooyaani koo o waɗii filmo keso ina wiyee Apaadi. O ɗon joɗɗina bana Agba Akin mo Laamu Oro. Ko kanko woni hooreejo &amp; Sosɗo fedde naalankaagal teyaaɗere wiyeteende (Odunfa Caucus) nde biro mum woni to Ebute-Meta, to diiwaan [[Lagos]].

== Nguurndam e jaŋde puɗɗagol ==
Yinka, iwdi Igbomina-, diiwaan Kwara, jibinaa ko e nder galle hakkundeejo e lewru suwee 1959 to duunde [[Lagos]], diiwaan [[Lagos]].

== Jaangirde ==
O timmini jaŋde makko leslesre e jaŋde hakkundeere to duɗal St. Catholic, Idumagbo, [[Lagos]] e duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Christ, Ebute Elefun, [[Lagos]].

== Kugal ==
Golle Yinka (anndiraaɗe kadi Fagbamila) puɗɗii ko e hitaande 1976 nde kanko e Taiwo Olayinka wondude e fedde sehilaaɓe ɓe mbaɗi fedde drama wiyeteende Afopina ''Theatre Group'' caggal nde ɓe njalti e duɗal.&lt;ref name=&quot;watch&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/dropped-school-yinka-quadri/|title=Why I dropped out of school – Yinka Quadri|work=Newswatch Times|last=Alabi|first=Ajibade|date=10 May 2014|access-date=4 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; O wonii e hoɗde e ko ina ɓura 90 filmo [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] gila e teleeji makko gadani, tiitoonde mum ko Agbodororororororororoun.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.persecondnews.com/index.php/sport/item/994-yinka-quadri-what-people-dont-know-about-me-and-ogogo|title=Yinka Quadri: What people don’t know about me and Ogogo|work=Per Second News|date=29 April 2014|access-date=4 February 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205021113/http://www.persecondnews.com/index.php/sport/item/994-yinka-quadri-what-people-dont-know-about-me-and-ogogo|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ñalnde 27 abriil 2014, Yinka yaltinii nguurndam mum Yinka Quadri: ''Scent Legend'', e sahaa gooto mawnini e duuɓi 36 e nder dingiral filmuuji leydi [[Najiriya|Najeriya]].

== Filmogaraafi cuɓaaɗo ==
Ndee doggol jowitiingol e filmo ina famɗi ; aɗa waawi wallude e ɓeydude geɗe majjuɗe. (2016 feebariyee)

Olanyonu

Kutupu

Kura

Ekun

Agbodorogon

Ojiji

Egbinrin Ote

Arabe

Ilari

Odun Baku

Bolode O'ku

Èebúdelá Tèmi

Abeni

Apadi

Ojo Idajo

Abulesoowo

Niwoyi Ola

Ilekun Olorun

Okinni

Wute jenifa (2011) .

Arinzo (2013)

Owo Blow

77 Bulle (2019)

Shola Ariksa

Gangs of Lagos

== Njeenaaje e noddaali ==
Ndee doggol ina timmi ; aɗa waawi wallude e ɓeydude geɗe majjuɗe. (2016 feebariyee)

Kewu hitaande Njeenaari

2007 3ɓo Academy Academy Academy ɓurɗo moƴƴude e nder suudu ballal Nominaar Ballal

2010 2010 Ɓuri moƴƴude e njeenaari Nollywood ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder leydi (Yoruba) Nomimine

2012 2012 Dabbaaji Nollywood Golloowo ɓurɗo moƴƴude e nder Film (ɗemngal haalooɓe e ɗemngal Engele) Kominated

2013 2013 ɓurɗo moƴƴude e njeenaari Nollywood ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder filmo Yuruba

2014 2014 Ɓuri moƴƴude e njeenaari ɓurndi moƴƴude e nder Nollywood e nder Darnde (Yoruba) Nomiminaare

2023 Afrika Afrique Njeenaaje Magic Yiylotooɓe ɓurɓe moƴƴude e Gollooɓe e ballal Nomimined

== Ƴeew kadi ==
Doggo yimbe Yoruba

== Tuugnorgal ==
[[Category:Stub]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yimɓe Zanzibari suɓaaɓe nder lewru junngo 1961</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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{{Databox}}

'''Wooteeji''' kuuɓtodinɗi mbaɗaama to Sansibaar ñalnde 1 suwee 1961, caggal wooteeji ɗi njuumtaani e lewru Yarkomaa. Diɗɗal goɗngal, hono Mtambile, sosaa ko e duunde Pemba, e yaakaare wonde ɗum ina waawi ustude jokkere enɗam. Lannda ngenndiyankeewo Zanzibar e lannda Afro-Shirazi kam en fof keɓii jooɗorɗe sappo, hay so tawii noon ASP heɓiino ko ina tolnoo e 50% seeɗa e woote ɗee, ZNP heɓiino tan ko 35%. Joɗle tati keddiiɗe ɗee ko Zanzibar e lannda yimɓe Pemba tati keɓi ɗum en.[1] ZNP e ZPPP mbaɗi laamu kawral.

== Koɗol ==
{{Election results|party1=[[Afro-Shirazi Party]]|votes1=45172|seats1=10|sc1=0|party2=[[Zanzibar Nationalist Party]]|votes2=31681|seats2=10|sc2=+1|party3=[[Zanzibar and Pemba People's Party]]|votes3=12411|seats3=3|sc3=0|invalid=1331|total_sc=+1|electorate=93918|source=Nohlen ''et al.''}}

== Firooji ==

[[Category:Tanzaniya]]
[[Category:Stub]]</text>
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{{Databox}}

'''Wooteeji''' kuuɓtodinɗi mbaɗaama to Sansibaar ñalnde 1 suwee 1961, caggal wooteeji ɗi njuumtaani e lewru Yarkomaa. Diɗɗal goɗngal, hono Mtambile, sosaa ko e duunde Pemba, e yaakaare wonde ɗum ina waawi ustude jokkere enɗam. Lannda ngenndiyankeewo Zanzibar e lannda Afro-Shirazi kam en fof keɓii jooɗorɗe sappo, hay so tawii noon ASP heɓiino ko ina tolnoo e 50% seeɗa e woote ɗee, ZNP heɓiino tan ko 35%. Joɗle tati keddiiɗe ɗee ko Zanzibar e lannda yimɓe Pemba tati keɓi ɗum en.&lt;ref name=&quot;EISA&quot;&gt;[http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/zan1961election.htm Zanzibar: 1961 Elections] EISA&lt;/ref&gt; ZNP e ZPPP mbaɗi laamu kawral.

== Koɗol ==
{{Election results|party1=[[Afro-Shirazi Party]]|votes1=45172|seats1=10|sc1=0|party2=[[Zanzibar Nationalist Party]]|votes2=31681|seats2=10|sc2=+1|party3=[[Zanzibar and Pemba People's Party]]|votes3=12411|seats3=3|sc3=0|invalid=1331|total_sc=+1|electorate=93918|source=Nohlen ''et al.''}}

== Firooji ==

[[Category:Tanzaniya]]
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  <page>
    <title>Homeless Emergency Action Team</title>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="2475" sha1="4kntwizty9e0123cfgsa7bcel295wlk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Goomu toppitiingu koɗki (HEAT) anndinaama ñalnde 9 desaambar 2008, ko meer Vancouver, Gregor Robertson, habri ɗum ngam wallitde ɓiɓɓe leydi Vancouver ɓe ngalaa koɗorɗe e nder ndunngu nguu, ngu ɓuuɓnaaki no feewi. Ko nde sosi HEAT Shelters luulndiinde.

Bindi
Ardii kippu nguu ko gonnooɗo meer Gregor Robertson, tawi ina waɗi suɓaaɓe e gollotooɓe koɗki.

Terɗe cuɓaaɗe Terɗe kippu nguu tati cuɓaaɗe e yeeso yimɓe fof ko :

Meer wuro ngo Gregor Robertson (Hooreejo) Kerry Jang, hooreejo wuro Vancouver (jokkondiral e diiso) Raymond Louie, hooreejo wuro Vancouver Terɗe ɗe cuɓaaka Terɗe ɗe cuɓaaka ɗee ko :

Janice Abbott – Gardiiɗo gollordu, fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e doole rewɓe Atira Jim Chu – Hooreejo polis Vankuver Patricia Daly - mawɗo safrooɓe, fedde cellal daande maayo Vancouver David Eby – Gardiiɗo gollordu, Fedde BC ngam Ndimaagu Siwil Michael Flanigan – gardiiɗo sarwisaaji njulaagu, wuro Vancouver Judy Graves – Koolaaɗo kuuɓal, departemaa koɗki, wuro Vancouver Cameron Gray, gardiiɗo departemaa ƴellitaare renndo, wuro Vancouver John MacKay – Fedde ƴellitaare Strand, tergal yiilirde Fedde StreetoHome Shayne Ramsay, hooreejo fedde BC koɗkiPatrick Stewart, hooreejo goomu toppitiingu ko fayti e ŋakkeende galleeji Tuugnorgal..&lt;ref name=&quot;vanob&quot;&gt;[http://www.thevancouverobserver.com/cgi-bin/show_articles.cgi?ID=872&amp;TOPIC=0 &quot;Robertson Vows To Get Homeless Sheltered Within 90 Days&quot;]{{Dead link|date=January 2020|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}, ''[[Vancouver Observer]]'', December 11, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vancourdec&quot; /&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;cityrelease&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20111117041252/http://vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/newsreleases2008/NRmayor_HEAT.htm &quot;Mayor Robertson announces creation of Homeless Emergency Action Team&quot;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117041252/http://vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/newsreleases2008/NRmayor_HEAT.htm|date=2011-11-17}}, ''[[Gregor Robertson (politician)|Gregor Robertson]] press release'', December 9, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

.&lt;ref name=&quot;cityrelease2&quot; /&gt;

=== Elected members ===
The three publicly elected members of the team were:&lt;ref name=&quot;cityrelease2&quot; /&gt;

* [[Gregor Robertson (politician)|Mayor Gregor Robertson]] (Chair)&lt;ref name=&quot;vancourdec2&quot;&gt;[http://www.canada.com/vancouvercourier/news/story.html?id=d1c3bd56-4705-414c-bdeb-276877325e53 &quot;Mayor announces team to fight homelessness&quot;], ''[[Vancouver Courier]]'', December 12, 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kotjebi</title>
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      <text bytes="1584" sha1="s3yqmssu1msizwzznwx3vhyehm5ygqd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Kotjebi, kotchebi, walla ggotjebi (Koree: 꽃제비; RR: kkotjebi; MR: kkotchebi; lit. ɓuuɓri puɗi) ko helmere koreeji wonande yimɓe Koree worgo ɓe ngalaa galleeji, rokkaama sabu Kotjebi en ina njiyloo nguura e hoɗorde sahaa kala. Helmere nde fuɗɗii huutoreede ko e sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.Mawɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina nganndiraa helmere jokkondirnde e Noin Kotjebi.

Kotjebi en nganndaaka e nder Koree worgo, kala siftorde helmere ndee ina haɗaa e binndanɗe laamu e binndanɗe.Kotjebi en ko yonta mo alaa leydi, sosaa ko e heege e caɗeele faggudu, ina jokkondiri e baasal mawngal, tawa kadi alaa ko jogori dañde jojjanɗe aadee. Ndee fedde ina jogii caɗeele keewɗe e nder nguurndam mum en ñalnde kala, ina njuɓɓina nguura e golle njoɓdi tokosiri.

Iwdi e ngonka
Kotjebi yaayaaɓe ɓee puɗɗii feeñde ko e keewal e nder cagataagal kitaale 1990 e nder balɗe heege to Koree worgo, nde peewnugol e saaktude nguura yani. Ina wiyee kadi « marse tiiɗnde », ko jillondiral njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, ŋakkeende ballal Dental Sowiyet, e ngonka weeyo bonka. Ngal addani ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji keewɗi, ŋakkeende gollorɗe, e ŋakkeende faggudu. Ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋ neɗɗo Koree worgo maayi e heege mawnde. E nder eɓɓaande « dartinde nguurndam ƴaañooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala », laamu Koree worgo sosi « Kampaañuuji sukaaɓe » keertiiɗi e hitaande 1995, tawi ko cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi. Sabu ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji deentorɗi ɗii, sukaaɓe maayii e ŋakkeende nguura.

Heewɓe tacci naati Siin ngam ɗaɓɓude ko ina haani</text>
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      <text bytes="2798" sha1="3wywuvxckwm90svc4vdnjq7tugk1lzg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Kotjebi, kotchebi, walla ggotjebi (Koree: 꽃제비; RR: kkotjebi; MR: kkotchebi; lit. ɓuuɓri puɗi) ko helmere koreeji wonande yimɓe Koree worgo ɓe ngalaa galleeji, rokkaama sabu Kotjebi en ina njiyloo nguura e hoɗorde sahaa kala. Helmere nde fuɗɗii huutoreede ko e sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.Mawɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina nganndiraa helmere jokkondirnde e Noin Kotjebi.

Kotjebi en nganndaaka e nder Koree worgo, kala siftorde helmere ndee ina haɗaa e binndanɗe laamu e binndanɗe.Kotjebi en ko yonta mo alaa leydi, sosaa ko e heege e caɗeele faggudu, ina jokkondiri e baasal mawngal, tawa kadi alaa ko jogori dañde jojjanɗe aadee. Ndee fedde ina jogii caɗeele keewɗe e nder nguurndam mum en ñalnde kala, ina njuɓɓina nguura e golle njoɓdi tokosiri.

Iwdi e ngonka
Kotjebi yaayaaɓe ɓee puɗɗii feeñde ko e keewal e nder cagataagal kitaale 1990 e nder balɗe heege to Koree worgo, nde peewnugol e saaktude nguura yani. Ina wiyee kadi « marse tiiɗnde », ko jillondiral njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, ŋakkeende ballal Dental Sowiyet, e ngonka weeyo bonka. Ngal addani ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji keewɗi, ŋakkeende gollorɗe, e ŋakkeende faggudu. Ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋ neɗɗo Koree worgo maayi e heege mawnde. E nder eɓɓaande « dartinde nguurndam ƴaañooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala », laamu Koree worgo sosi « Kampaañuuji sukaaɓe » keertiiɗi e hitaande 1995, tawi ko cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi. Sabu ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji deentorɗi ɗii, sukaaɓe maayii e ŋakkeende nguura.

Heewɓe tacci naati Siin ngam ɗaɓɓude ko ina haaniko wayi no nguura e safaara, yantude e fartaŋŋeeji golle. Faggudu Koree worgo keertinaandu nattii waawde wallitde yimɓe mum. Sukaaɓe Koree worgo ina keewi yiyde koye mum en ina ceerti e ɓesnguuji mum en so ina taƴa e nder leydi Siin.Won e sukaaɓe caggal ɗuum ɓesnguuji mum en ngoppita ɗum en sabu kulhuli tooñanngeeji laamu. Ina woodi hay sukaaɓe jibinɓe e yummiraaɓe Koree worgo e baabaaji Siin, ko ɗum woni sabaabu goɗɗo woppude. Ɗum jibini yonta yimɓe dognooɓe, kotjebi en.

Nguurndam

Sukaaɓe Kotjebi ina keewi heɓde nguura ko e njulaagu, mooɓondiral e nder pelle walla kamɓe tan ngam ñaagaade e nder geɗe ɓurɗe teeŋtude pickpocket. Ñaamdu kotjebi ɓuri wonde ko suukara huɗo, ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ladde, e ƴiye huɗo. Sukaaɓe ɓee kadi maa mooftu geɗe mbaylaaɗe ngam yeeyde e waɗde golle tokoose ɗe njoɓaaka no feewi ko wayi no laɓɓinde ngam dañde kaalis. Won heen ina mbaawi waɗde pelle loowɗe nannduɗe e galleeji ngam wallitde, heewɓe e sahaaji sukaaɓe mawɓe ina ƴetta darnde ardorde. Njuɓɓudi nguurndam maɓɓe ina addana ɓe kulhuli mawɗi e nguurndam maɓɓe, hoɗde e laylayti, waɗde cuuɗi shift, nokkuuji mahdi walla e laabi.[page needed]

Hakkeeji aadee</text>
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      <text bytes="6592" sha1="hwoah4xqzrxrjo2d30dgracvvv59pov" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Kotjebi, kotchebi, walla ggotjebi (Koree: 꽃제비; RR: kkotjebi; MR: kkotchebi; lit. ɓuuɓri puɗi) ko helmere koreeji wonande yimɓe Koree worgo ɓe ngalaa galleeji, rokkaama sabu Kotjebi en ina njiyloo nguura e hoɗorde sahaa kala. Helmere nde fuɗɗii huutoreede ko e sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.Mawɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina nganndiraa helmere jokkondirnde e Noin Kotjebi.

Kotjebi en nganndaaka e nder Koree worgo, kala siftorde helmere ndee ina haɗaa e binndanɗe laamu e binndanɗe.Kotjebi en ko yonta mo alaa leydi, sosaa ko e heege e caɗeele faggudu, ina jokkondiri e baasal mawngal, tawa kadi alaa ko jogori dañde jojjanɗe aadee. Ndee fedde ina jogii caɗeele keewɗe e nder nguurndam mum en ñalnde kala, ina njuɓɓina nguura e golle njoɓdi tokosiri.

Iwdi e ngonka
Kotjebi yaayaaɓe ɓee puɗɗii feeñde ko e keewal e nder cagataagal kitaale 1990 e nder balɗe heege to Koree worgo, nde peewnugol e saaktude nguura yani. Ina wiyee kadi « marse tiiɗnde », ko jillondiral njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, ŋakkeende ballal Dental Sowiyet, e ngonka weeyo bonka. Ngal addani ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji keewɗi, ŋakkeende gollorɗe, e ŋakkeende faggudu. Ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋ neɗɗo Koree worgo maayi e heege mawnde. E nder eɓɓaande « dartinde nguurndam ƴaañooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala », laamu Koree worgo sosi « Kampaañuuji sukaaɓe » keertiiɗi e hitaande 1995, tawi ko cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi. Sabu ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji deentorɗi ɗii, sukaaɓe maayii e ŋakkeende nguura.

Heewɓe tacci naati Siin ngam ɗaɓɓude ko ina haaniko wayi no nguura e safaara, yantude e fartaŋŋeeji golle. Faggudu Koree worgo keertinaandu nattii waawde wallitde yimɓe mum. Sukaaɓe Koree worgo ina keewi yiyde koye mum en ina ceerti e ɓesnguuji mum en so ina taƴa e nder leydi Siin.Won e sukaaɓe caggal ɗuum ɓesnguuji mum en ngoppita ɗum en sabu kulhuli tooñanngeeji laamu. Ina woodi hay sukaaɓe jibinɓe e yummiraaɓe Koree worgo e baabaaji Siin, ko ɗum woni sabaabu goɗɗo woppude. Ɗum jibini yonta yimɓe dognooɓe, kotjebi en.

Nguurndam

Sukaaɓe Kotjebi ina keewi heɓde nguura ko e njulaagu, mooɓondiral e nder pelle walla kamɓe tan ngam ñaagaade e nder geɗe ɓurɗe teeŋtude pickpocket. Ñaamdu kotjebi ɓuri wonde ko suukara huɗo, ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ladde, e ƴiye huɗo. Sukaaɓe ɓee kadi maa mooftu geɗe mbaylaaɗe ngam yeeyde e waɗde golle tokoose ɗe njoɓaaka no feewi ko wayi no laɓɓinde ngam dañde kaalis. Won heen ina mbaawi waɗde pelle loowɗe nannduɗe e galleeji ngam wallitde, heewɓe e sahaaji sukaaɓe mawɓe ina ƴetta darnde ardorde. Njuɓɓudi nguurndam maɓɓe ina addana ɓe kulhuli mawɗi e nguurndam maɓɓe, hoɗde e laylayti, waɗde cuuɗi shift, nokkuuji mahdi walla e laabi.[page needed]

Hakkeeji 

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

'''''Kotjebi''''', '''''kotchebi''''', or '''''ggotjebi''''' (Korean: 꽃제비; RR: ''kkotjebi''; MR: ''kkotchebi''; &lt;abbr&gt;lit.&lt;/abbr&gt; flowering swallows) is a Korean term for North Korean homeless people, given because of the Kotjebi's constant search for food and shelter. The term was originally used in reference to homeless children. The homeless elderly are known by the related term ''Noin Kotjebi''.

The ''kotjebi'' are not officially recognized in North Korea, with any mention of the term being prohibited in state publications and documents. The ''kotjebi'' are a stateless generation, formed through famine and economic crisis, facing extreme poverty and no human rights guarantees. This group faces unique challenges in their daily lives, scavenging for food and working for low wages.

== Origins and status ==
[edit source]
The orphaned ''kotjebi'' first appeared ''en masse'' in the mid-1990s in the wake of the North Korean famine, when the food production and distribution system collapsed. Also called the &quot;Arduous March,&quot; was triggered by the combination of government mismanagement, loss of Soviet Union support, and severe weather conditions. It caused widespread food shortages, industry collapse, and economic stagnation. An estimated one million North Koreans died due to the widespread famine. In an effort to &quot;stabilize the livelihood of vagrants throughout the country&quot;, the North Korean government established special &quot;Children's Detention Camps&quot; in 1995, which were effectively rundown apartments. Because of poor conditions in the detention camps, children died of malnutrition.

Many crossed into China seeking necessities like food and medicine, along with job opportunities. North Korea's restricted economy could no longer support its population. North Korean children often find themselves separated from their families when crossing into China. Some children are later abandoned by their families due to the dangers of state persecution. There are even cases of children born to North Korean mothers and Chinese fathers, another reason for abandonment. This created the generation of displaced individuals, the ''kotjebi''.

== Livelihood ==
[edit source]
''Kotjebi'' children often obtain food through scavenging, gathering in groups or alone to beg and in extreme cases pickpocket. The diet of the ''kotjebi'' consists mainly of grass soup, wild vegetable porridge, and grass roots. The children will also collect recyclables to sell and perform small low-wage tasks like cleaning to earn money. Some of them may form loose family-like groups for mutual support, often times older children will take on leadership roles. Their living arrangements pose significant threats to their livelihood, living in tents, make shift shelters, construction sites or on the streets.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt;

== Human rights ==
[edit source]
There are several challenges the ''kotjebi'' face in accessing basic human rights, the first being their statelessness. This limits their access to healthcare, education, and other basic services. Many children are exploited in dangerous and unregulated workforces. North Korean and Chinese forces often ignore and neglect ''kotjebi'' children.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt; China classifies them as illegal economic migrants instead of refugees, leading to frequent deportations. NGOs face significant difficulties in providing aid and relief to these children due to political sensitivities surrounding North Korean defectors.

== See also ==
[edit source]

* Human rights in North Korea
* Street child
* Orphans in the Soviet Union
* Statelessness

== References ==</text>
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      <text bytes="7056" sha1="dm9g6drgx4mw1glhrhy8gy0q2aiad7k" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Kotjebi, kotchebi, walla ggotjebi (Koree: 꽃제비; RR: kkotjebi; MR: kkotchebi; lit. ɓuuɓri puɗi) ko helmere koreeji wonande yimɓe Koree worgo ɓe ngalaa galleeji, rokkaama sabu Kotjebi en ina njiyloo nguura e hoɗorde sahaa kala. Helmere nde fuɗɗii huutoreede ko e sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.Mawɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina nganndiraa helmere jokkondirnde e Noin Kotjebi.

Kotjebi en nganndaaka e nder Koree worgo, kala siftorde helmere ndee ina haɗaa e binndanɗe laamu e binndanɗe.Kotjebi en ko yonta mo alaa leydi, sosaa ko e heege e caɗeele faggudu, ina jokkondiri e baasal mawngal, tawa kadi alaa ko jogori dañde jojjanɗe aadee. Ndee fedde ina jogii caɗeele keewɗe e nder nguurndam mum en ñalnde kala, ina njuɓɓina nguura e golle njoɓdi tokosiri.

Iwdi e ngonka
Kotjebi yaayaaɓe ɓee puɗɗii feeñde ko e keewal e nder cagataagal kitaale 1990 e nder balɗe heege to Koree worgo, nde peewnugol e saaktude nguura yani. Ina wiyee kadi « marse tiiɗnde », ko jillondiral njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, ŋakkeende ballal Dental Sowiyet, e ngonka weeyo bonka. Ngal addani ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji keewɗi, ŋakkeende gollorɗe, e ŋakkeende faggudu. Ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋ neɗɗo Koree worgo maayi e heege mawnde. E nder eɓɓaande « dartinde nguurndam ƴaañooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala », laamu Koree worgo sosi « Kampaañuuji sukaaɓe » keertiiɗi e hitaande 1995, tawi ko cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi. Sabu ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji deentorɗi ɗii, sukaaɓe maayii e ŋakkeende nguura.

Heewɓe tacci naati Siin ngam ɗaɓɓude ko ina haaniko wayi no nguura e safaara, yantude e fartaŋŋeeji golle. Faggudu Koree worgo keertinaandu nattii waawde wallitde yimɓe mum. Sukaaɓe Koree worgo ina keewi yiyde koye mum en ina ceerti e ɓesnguuji mum en so ina taƴa e nder leydi Siin.Won e sukaaɓe caggal ɗuum ɓesnguuji mum en ngoppita ɗum en sabu kulhuli tooñanngeeji laamu. Ina woodi hay sukaaɓe jibinɓe e yummiraaɓe Koree worgo e baabaaji Siin, ko ɗum woni sabaabu goɗɗo woppude. Ɗum jibini yonta yimɓe dognooɓe, kotjebi en.

Nguurndam

Sukaaɓe Kotjebi ina keewi heɓde nguura ko e njulaagu, mooɓondiral e nder pelle walla kamɓe tan ngam ñaagaade e nder geɗe ɓurɗe teeŋtude pickpocket. Ñaamdu kotjebi ɓuri wonde ko suukara huɗo, ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ladde, e ƴiye huɗo. Sukaaɓe ɓee kadi maa mooftu geɗe mbaylaaɗe ngam yeeyde e waɗde golle tokoose ɗe njoɓaaka no feewi ko wayi no laɓɓinde ngam dañde kaalis. Won heen ina mbaawi waɗde pelle loowɗe nannduɗe e galleeji ngam wallitde, heewɓe e sahaaji sukaaɓe mawɓe ina ƴetta darnde ardorde. Njuɓɓudi nguurndam maɓɓe ina addana ɓe kulhuli mawɗi e nguurndam maɓɓe, hoɗde e laylayti, waɗde cuuɗi shift, nokkuuji mahdi walla e laabi.[page needed]

name=&quot;AP_2013-06-05&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Hyung-Jin|last=Kim|title=Activist: Smiling NKorean defectors told of misery|date=5 Jun 2013|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|url=https://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2013-06-05|archive-date=2013-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605230821/http://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|url-status=dead}} 

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= ''Kotjebi'' =

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* View history
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

'''''Kotjebi''''', '''''kotchebi''''', or '''''ggotjebi''''' (Korean: 꽃제비; RR: ''kkotjebi''; MR: ''kkotchebi''; &lt;abbr&gt;lit.&lt;/abbr&gt; flowering swallows) is a Korean term for North Korean homeless people, given because of the Kotjebi's constant search for food and shelter. The term was originally used in reference to homeless children. The homeless elderly are known by the related term ''Noin Kotjebi''.

The ''kotjebi'' are not officially recognized in North Korea, with any mention of the term being prohibited in state publications and documents. The ''kotjebi'' are a stateless generation, formed through famine and economic crisis, facing extreme poverty and no human rights guarantees. This group faces unique challenges in their daily lives, scavenging for food and working for low wages.

== Origins and status ==
[edit source]
The orphaned ''kotjebi'' first appeared ''en masse'' in the mid-1990s in the wake of the North Korean famine, when the food production and distribution system collapsed. Also called the &quot;Arduous March,&quot; was triggered by the combination of government mismanagement, loss of Soviet Union support, and severe weather conditions. It caused widespread food shortages, industry collapse, and economic stagnation. An estimated one million North Koreans died due to the widespread famine. In an effort to &quot;stabilize the livelihood of vagrants throughout the country&quot;, the North Korean government established special &quot;Children's Detention Camps&quot; in 1995, which were effectively rundown apartments. Because of poor conditions in the detention camps, children died of malnutrition.

Many crossed into China seeking necessities like food and medicine, along with job opportunities. North Korea's restricted economy could no longer support its population. North Korean children often find themselves separated from their families when crossing into China. Some children are later abandoned by their families due to the dangers of state persecution. There are even cases of children born to North Korean mothers and Chinese fathers, another reason for abandonment. This created the generation of displaced individuals, the ''kotjebi''.

== Livelihood ==
[edit source]
''Kotjebi'' children often obtain food through scavenging, gathering in groups or alone to beg and in extreme cases pickpocket. The diet of the ''kotjebi'' consists mainly of grass soup, wild vegetable porridge, and grass roots. The children will also collect recyclables to sell and perform small low-wage tasks like cleaning to earn money. Some of them may form loose family-like groups for mutual support, often times older children will take on leadership roles. Their living arrangements pose significant threats to their livelihood, living in tents, make shift shelters, construction sites or on the streets.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt;

== Human rights ==
[edit source]
There are several challenges the ''kotjebi'' face in accessing basic human rights, the first being their statelessness. This limits their access to healthcare, education, and other basic services. Many children are exploited in dangerous and unregulated workforces. North Korean and Chinese forces often ignore and neglect ''kotjebi'' children.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt; China classifies them as illegal economic migrants instead of refugees, leading to frequent deportations. NGOs face significant difficulties in providing aid and relief to these children due to political sensitivities surrounding North Korean defectors.

== See also ==
[edit source]

* Human rights in North Korea
* Street child
* Orphans in the Soviet Union
* Statelessness

== References ==</text>
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        <id>10103</id>
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      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="7309" sha1="dnf40lfmwos1yra8mhojc348ly70nft" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Kotjebi, kotchebi, walla ggotjebi (Koree: 꽃제비; RR: kkotjebi; MR: kkotchebi; lit. ɓuuɓri puɗi) ko helmere koreeji wonande yimɓe Koree worgo ɓe ngalaa galleeji, rokkaama sabu Kotjebi en ina njiyloo nguura e hoɗorde sahaa kala. Helmere nde fuɗɗii huutoreede ko e sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.Mawɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina nganndiraa helmere jokkondirnde e Noin Kotjebi.

Kotjebi en nganndaaka e nder Koree worgo, kala siftorde helmere ndee ina haɗaa e binndanɗe laamu e binndanɗe.Kotjebi en ko yonta mo alaa leydi, sosaa ko e heege e caɗeele faggudu, ina jokkondiri e baasal mawngal, tawa kadi alaa ko jogori dañde jojjanɗe aadee. Ndee fedde ina jogii caɗeele keewɗe e nder nguurndam mum en ñalnde kala, ina njuɓɓina nguura e golle njoɓdi tokosiri.

Iwdi e ngonka
Kotjebi yaayaaɓe ɓee puɗɗii feeñde ko e keewal e nder cagataagal kitaale 1990 e nder balɗe heege to Koree worgo, nde peewnugol e saaktude nguura yani. Ina wiyee kadi « marse tiiɗnde », ko jillondiral njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, ŋakkeende ballal Dental Sowiyet, e ngonka weeyo bonka. Ngal addani ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji keewɗi, ŋakkeende gollorɗe, e ŋakkeende faggudu. Ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋ neɗɗo Koree worgo maayi e heege mawnde. E nder eɓɓaande « dartinde nguurndam ƴaañooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala », laamu Koree worgo sosi « Kampaañuuji sukaaɓe » keertiiɗi e hitaande 1995, tawi ko cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi. Sabu ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji deentorɗi ɗii, sukaaɓe maayii e ŋakkeende nguura.

Heewɓe tacci naati Siin ngam ɗaɓɓude ko ina haaniko wayi no nguura e safaara, yantude e fartaŋŋeeji golle. Faggudu Koree worgo keertinaandu nattii waawde wallitde yimɓe mum. Sukaaɓe Koree worgo ina keewi yiyde koye mum en ina ceerti e ɓesnguuji mum en so ina taƴa e nder leydi Siin.Won e sukaaɓe caggal ɗuum ɓesnguuji mum en ngoppita ɗum en sabu kulhuli tooñanngeeji laamu. Ina woodi hay sukaaɓe jibinɓe e yummiraaɓe Koree worgo e baabaaji Siin, ko ɗum woni sabaabu goɗɗo woppude. Ɗum jibini yonta yimɓe dognooɓe, kotjebi en.

Nguurndam

Sukaaɓe Kotjebi ina keewi heɓde nguura ko e njulaagu, mooɓondiral e nder pelle walla kamɓe tan ngam ñaagaade e nder geɗe ɓurɗe teeŋtude pickpocket. Ñaamdu kotjebi ɓuri wonde ko suukara huɗo, ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ladde, e ƴiye huɗo. Sukaaɓe ɓee kadi maa mooftu geɗe mbaylaaɗe ngam yeeyde e waɗde golle tokoose ɗe njoɓaaka no feewi ko wayi no laɓɓinde ngam dañde kaalis. Won heen ina mbaawi waɗde pelle loowɗe nannduɗe e galleeji ngam wallitde, heewɓe e sahaaji sukaaɓe mawɓe ina ƴetta darnde ardorde. Njuɓɓudi nguurndam maɓɓe ina addana ɓe kulhuli mawɗi e nguurndam maɓɓe, hoɗde e laylayti, waɗde cuuɗi shift, nokkuuji mahdi walla e laabi.[page needed]

name=&quot;AP_2013-06-05&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Hyung-Jin|last=Kim|title=Activist: Smiling NKorean defectors told of misery|date=5 Jun 2013|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|url=https://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2013-06-05|archive-date=2013-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605230821/http://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|url-status=dead}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdQ8QZU6H0MC&amp;q=kotchebi&amp;pg=PT93|title=Kim Jong Il's North Korea|isbn=9780822572824|access-date=2008-08-12|last1=Behnke|first1=Alison|date=September 2007|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

'''''Kotjebi''''', '''''kotchebi''''', or '''''ggotjebi''''' (Korean: 꽃제비; RR: ''kkotjebi''; MR: ''kkotchebi''; &lt;abbr&gt;lit.&lt;/abbr&gt; flowering swallows) is a Korean term for North Korean homeless people, given because of the Kotjebi's constant search for food and shelter. The term was originally used in reference to homeless children. The homeless elderly are known by the related term ''Noin Kotjebi''.

The ''kotjebi'' are not officially recognized in North Korea, with any mention of the term being prohibited in state publications and documents. The ''kotjebi'' are a stateless generation, formed through famine and economic crisis, facing extreme poverty and no human rights guarantees. This group faces unique challenges in their daily lives, scavenging for food and working for low wages.

== Origins and status ==
[edit source]
The orphaned ''kotjebi'' first appeared ''en masse'' in the mid-1990s in the wake of the North Korean famine, when the food production and distribution system collapsed. Also called the &quot;Arduous March,&quot; was triggered by the combination of government mismanagement, loss of Soviet Union support, and severe weather conditions. It caused widespread food shortages, industry collapse, and economic stagnation. An estimated one million North Koreans died due to the widespread famine. In an effort to &quot;stabilize the livelihood of vagrants throughout the country&quot;, the North Korean government established special &quot;Children's Detention Camps&quot; in 1995, which were effectively rundown apartments. Because of poor conditions in the detention camps, children died of malnutrition.

Many crossed into China seeking necessities like food and medicine, along with job opportunities. North Korea's restricted economy could no longer support its population. North Korean children often find themselves separated from their families when crossing into China. Some children are later abandoned by their families due to the dangers of state persecution. There are even cases of children born to North Korean mothers and Chinese fathers, another reason for abandonment. This created the generation of displaced individuals, the ''kotjebi''.

== Livelihood ==
[edit source]
''Kotjebi'' children often obtain food through scavenging, gathering in groups or alone to beg and in extreme cases pickpocket. The diet of the ''kotjebi'' consists mainly of grass soup, wild vegetable porridge, and grass roots. The children will also collect recyclables to sell and perform small low-wage tasks like cleaning to earn money. Some of them may form loose family-like groups for mutual support, often times older children will take on leadership roles. Their living arrangements pose significant threats to their livelihood, living in tents, make shift shelters, construction sites or on the streets.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt;

== Human rights ==
[edit source]
There are several challenges the ''kotjebi'' face in accessing basic human rights, the first being their statelessness. This limits their access to healthcare, education, and other basic services. Many children are exploited in dangerous and unregulated workforces. North Korean and Chinese forces often ignore and neglect ''kotjebi'' children.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt; China classifies them as illegal economic migrants instead of refugees, leading to frequent deportations. NGOs face significant difficulties in providing aid and relief to these children due to political sensitivities surrounding North Korean defectors.

== See also ==
[edit source]

* Human rights in North Korea
* Street child
* Orphans in the Soviet Union
* Statelessness

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>dnf40lfmwos1yra8mhojc348ly70nft</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>112898</id>
      <parentid>112897</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-18T19:36:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
      <origin>112898</origin>
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      <text bytes="7561" sha1="thw6k30j31873q2117fbirgjiwc9xnd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Kotjebi, kotchebi, walla ggotjebi (Koree: 꽃제비; RR: kkotjebi; MR: kkotchebi; lit. ɓuuɓri puɗi) ko helmere koreeji wonande yimɓe Koree worgo ɓe ngalaa galleeji, rokkaama sabu Kotjebi en ina njiyloo nguura e hoɗorde sahaa kala. Helmere nde fuɗɗii huutoreede ko e sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.Mawɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina nganndiraa helmere jokkondirnde e Noin Kotjebi.

Kotjebi en nganndaaka e nder Koree worgo, kala siftorde helmere ndee ina haɗaa e binndanɗe laamu e binndanɗe.Kotjebi en ko yonta mo alaa leydi, sosaa ko e heege e caɗeele faggudu, ina jokkondiri e baasal mawngal, tawa kadi alaa ko jogori dañde jojjanɗe aadee. Ndee fedde ina jogii caɗeele keewɗe e nder nguurndam mum en ñalnde kala, ina njuɓɓina nguura e golle njoɓdi tokosiri.

Iwdi e ngonka
Kotjebi yaayaaɓe ɓee puɗɗii feeñde ko e keewal e nder cagataagal kitaale 1990 e nder balɗe heege to Koree worgo, nde peewnugol e saaktude nguura yani. Ina wiyee kadi « marse tiiɗnde », ko jillondiral njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, ŋakkeende ballal Dental Sowiyet, e ngonka weeyo bonka. Ngal addani ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji keewɗi, ŋakkeende gollorɗe, e ŋakkeende faggudu. Ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋ neɗɗo Koree worgo maayi e heege mawnde. E nder eɓɓaande « dartinde nguurndam ƴaañooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala », laamu Koree worgo sosi « Kampaañuuji sukaaɓe » keertiiɗi e hitaande 1995, tawi ko cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi. Sabu ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji deentorɗi ɗii, sukaaɓe maayii e ŋakkeende nguura.

Heewɓe tacci naati Siin ngam ɗaɓɓude ko ina haaniko wayi no nguura e safaara, yantude e fartaŋŋeeji golle. Faggudu Koree worgo keertinaandu nattii waawde wallitde yimɓe mum. Sukaaɓe Koree worgo ina keewi yiyde koye mum en ina ceerti e ɓesnguuji mum en so ina taƴa e nder leydi Siin.Won e sukaaɓe caggal ɗuum ɓesnguuji mum en ngoppita ɗum en sabu kulhuli tooñanngeeji laamu. Ina woodi hay sukaaɓe jibinɓe e yummiraaɓe Koree worgo e baabaaji Siin, ko ɗum woni sabaabu goɗɗo woppude. Ɗum jibini yonta yimɓe dognooɓe, kotjebi en.

Nguurndam

Sukaaɓe Kotjebi ina keewi heɓde nguura ko e njulaagu, mooɓondiral e nder pelle walla kamɓe tan ngam ñaagaade e nder geɗe ɓurɗe teeŋtude pickpocket. Ñaamdu kotjebi ɓuri wonde ko suukara huɗo, ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ladde, e ƴiye huɗo. Sukaaɓe ɓee kadi maa mooftu geɗe mbaylaaɗe ngam yeeyde e waɗde golle tokoose ɗe njoɓaaka no feewi ko wayi no laɓɓinde ngam dañde kaalis. Won heen ina mbaawi waɗde pelle loowɗe nannduɗe e galleeji ngam wallitde, heewɓe e sahaaji sukaaɓe mawɓe ina ƴetta darnde ardorde. Njuɓɓudi nguurndam maɓɓe ina addana ɓe kulhuli mawɗi e nguurndam maɓɓe, hoɗde e laylayti, waɗde cuuɗi shift, nokkuuji mahdi walla e laabi.[page needed]

name=&quot;AP_2013-06-05&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Hyung-Jin|last=Kim|title=Activist: Smiling NKorean defectors told of misery|date=5 Jun 2013|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|url=https://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2013-06-05|archive-date=2013-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605230821/http://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|url-status=dead}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdQ8QZU6H0MC&amp;q=kotchebi&amp;pg=PT93|title=Kim Jong Il's North Korea|isbn=9780822572824|access-date=2008-08-12|last1=Behnke|first1=Alison|date=September 2007|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dailynk.com/english/every-major-north-korean-provincial-city-sees-rise-homeless/|title=Every major N. Korean provincial city sees a rise in homeless|work=[[Daily NK]]|date=15 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

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= ''Kotjebi'' =

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

'''''Kotjebi''''', '''''kotchebi''''', or '''''ggotjebi''''' (Korean: 꽃제비; RR: ''kkotjebi''; MR: ''kkotchebi''; &lt;abbr&gt;lit.&lt;/abbr&gt; flowering swallows) is a Korean term for North Korean homeless people, given because of the Kotjebi's constant search for food and shelter. The term was originally used in reference to homeless children. The homeless elderly are known by the related term ''Noin Kotjebi''.

The ''kotjebi'' are not officially recognized in North Korea, with any mention of the term being prohibited in state publications and documents. The ''kotjebi'' are a stateless generation, formed through famine and economic crisis, facing extreme poverty and no human rights guarantees. This group faces unique challenges in their daily lives, scavenging for food and working for low wages.

== Origins and status ==
[edit source]
The orphaned ''kotjebi'' first appeared ''en masse'' in the mid-1990s in the wake of the North Korean famine, when the food production and distribution system collapsed. Also called the &quot;Arduous March,&quot; was triggered by the combination of government mismanagement, loss of Soviet Union support, and severe weather conditions. It caused widespread food shortages, industry collapse, and economic stagnation. An estimated one million North Koreans died due to the widespread famine. In an effort to &quot;stabilize the livelihood of vagrants throughout the country&quot;, the North Korean government established special &quot;Children's Detention Camps&quot; in 1995, which were effectively rundown apartments. Because of poor conditions in the detention camps, children died of malnutrition.

Many crossed into China seeking necessities like food and medicine, along with job opportunities. North Korea's restricted economy could no longer support its population. North Korean children often find themselves separated from their families when crossing into China. Some children are later abandoned by their families due to the dangers of state persecution. There are even cases of children born to North Korean mothers and Chinese fathers, another reason for abandonment. This created the generation of displaced individuals, the ''kotjebi''.

== Livelihood ==
[edit source]
''Kotjebi'' children often obtain food through scavenging, gathering in groups or alone to beg and in extreme cases pickpocket. The diet of the ''kotjebi'' consists mainly of grass soup, wild vegetable porridge, and grass roots. The children will also collect recyclables to sell and perform small low-wage tasks like cleaning to earn money. Some of them may form loose family-like groups for mutual support, often times older children will take on leadership roles. Their living arrangements pose significant threats to their livelihood, living in tents, make shift shelters, construction sites or on the streets.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt;

== Human rights ==
[edit source]
There are several challenges the ''kotjebi'' face in accessing basic human rights, the first being their statelessness. This limits their access to healthcare, education, and other basic services. Many children are exploited in dangerous and unregulated workforces. North Korean and Chinese forces often ignore and neglect ''kotjebi'' children.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt; China classifies them as illegal economic migrants instead of refugees, leading to frequent deportations. NGOs face significant difficulties in providing aid and relief to these children due to political sensitivities surrounding North Korean defectors.

== See also ==
[edit source]

* Human rights in North Korea
* Street child
* Orphans in the Soviet Union
* Statelessness

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>thw6k30j31873q2117fbirgjiwc9xnd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>112899</id>
      <parentid>112898</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-18T19:38:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
      <origin>112899</origin>
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      <text bytes="7947" sha1="mgjvyhy9uj6waexnttdly4u5txplxue" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Kotjebi, kotchebi, walla ggotjebi (Koree: 꽃제비; RR: kkotjebi; MR: kkotchebi; lit. ɓuuɓri puɗi) ko helmere koreeji wonande yimɓe Koree worgo ɓe ngalaa galleeji, rokkaama sabu Kotjebi en ina njiyloo nguura e hoɗorde sahaa kala. Helmere nde fuɗɗii huutoreede ko e sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.Mawɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina nganndiraa helmere jokkondirnde e Noin Kotjebi.

Kotjebi en nganndaaka e nder Koree worgo, kala siftorde helmere ndee ina haɗaa e binndanɗe laamu e binndanɗe.Kotjebi en ko yonta mo alaa leydi, sosaa ko e heege e caɗeele faggudu, ina jokkondiri e baasal mawngal, tawa kadi alaa ko jogori dañde jojjanɗe aadee. Ndee fedde ina jogii caɗeele keewɗe e nder nguurndam mum en ñalnde kala, ina njuɓɓina nguura e golle njoɓdi tokosiri.

Iwdi e ngonka
Kotjebi yaayaaɓe ɓee puɗɗii feeñde ko e keewal e nder cagataagal kitaale 1990 e nder balɗe heege to Koree worgo, nde peewnugol e saaktude nguura yani. Ina wiyee kadi « marse tiiɗnde », ko jillondiral njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, ŋakkeende ballal Dental Sowiyet, e ngonka weeyo bonka. Ngal addani ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji keewɗi, ŋakkeende gollorɗe, e ŋakkeende faggudu. Ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋ neɗɗo Koree worgo maayi e heege mawnde. E nder eɓɓaande « dartinde nguurndam ƴaañooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala », laamu Koree worgo sosi « Kampaañuuji sukaaɓe » keertiiɗi e hitaande 1995, tawi ko cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi. Sabu ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji deentorɗi ɗii, sukaaɓe maayii e ŋakkeende nguura.

Heewɓe tacci naati Siin ngam ɗaɓɓude ko ina haaniko wayi no nguura e safaara, yantude e fartaŋŋeeji golle. Faggudu Koree worgo keertinaandu nattii waawde wallitde yimɓe mum. Sukaaɓe Koree worgo ina keewi yiyde koye mum en ina ceerti e ɓesnguuji mum en so ina taƴa e nder leydi Siin.Won e sukaaɓe caggal ɗuum ɓesnguuji mum en ngoppita ɗum en sabu kulhuli tooñanngeeji laamu. Ina woodi hay sukaaɓe jibinɓe e yummiraaɓe Koree worgo e baabaaji Siin, ko ɗum woni sabaabu goɗɗo woppude. Ɗum jibini yonta yimɓe dognooɓe, kotjebi en.

Nguurndam

Sukaaɓe Kotjebi ina keewi heɓde nguura ko e njulaagu, mooɓondiral e nder pelle walla kamɓe tan ngam ñaagaade e nder geɗe ɓurɗe teeŋtude pickpocket. Ñaamdu kotjebi ɓuri wonde ko suukara huɗo, ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ladde, e ƴiye huɗo. Sukaaɓe ɓee kadi maa mooftu geɗe mbaylaaɗe ngam yeeyde e waɗde golle tokoose ɗe njoɓaaka no feewi ko wayi no laɓɓinde ngam dañde kaalis. Won heen ina mbaawi waɗde pelle loowɗe nannduɗe e galleeji ngam wallitde, heewɓe e sahaaji sukaaɓe mawɓe ina ƴetta darnde ardorde. Njuɓɓudi nguurndam maɓɓe ina addana ɓe kulhuli mawɗi e nguurndam maɓɓe, hoɗde e laylayti, waɗde cuuɗi shift, nokkuuji mahdi walla e laabi.[page needed]

name=&quot;AP_2013-06-05&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Hyung-Jin|last=Kim|title=Activist: Smiling NKorean defectors told of misery|date=5 Jun 2013|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|url=https://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2013-06-05|archive-date=2013-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605230821/http://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|url-status=dead}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdQ8QZU6H0MC&amp;q=kotchebi&amp;pg=PT93|title=Kim Jong Il's North Korea|isbn=9780822572824|access-date=2008-08-12|last1=Behnke|first1=Alison|date=September 2007|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dailynk.com/english/every-major-north-korean-provincial-city-sees-rise-homeless/|title=Every major N. Korean provincial city sees a rise in homeless|work=[[Daily NK]]|date=15 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;dailynk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500&amp;num=3659|title=The Old Generation Calls North Korea &quot;the Great Poverty Country&quot;|work=[[Daily NK]]|date=27 May 2008|access-date=2008-08-11|archive-date=2018-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107010642/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

'''''Kotjebi''''', '''''kotchebi''''', or '''''ggotjebi''''' (Korean: 꽃제비; RR: ''kkotjebi''; MR: ''kkotchebi''; &lt;abbr&gt;lit.&lt;/abbr&gt; flowering swallows) is a Korean term for North Korean homeless people, given because of the Kotjebi's constant search for food and shelter. The term was originally used in reference to homeless children. The homeless elderly are known by the related term ''Noin Kotjebi''.

The ''kotjebi'' are not officially recognized in North Korea, with any mention of the term being prohibited in state publications and documents. The ''kotjebi'' are a stateless generation, formed through famine and economic crisis, facing extreme poverty and no human rights guarantees. This group faces unique challenges in their daily lives, scavenging for food and working for low wages.

== Origins and status ==
[edit source]
The orphaned ''kotjebi'' first appeared ''en masse'' in the mid-1990s in the wake of the North Korean famine, when the food production and distribution system collapsed. Also called the &quot;Arduous March,&quot; was triggered by the combination of government mismanagement, loss of Soviet Union support, and severe weather conditions. It caused widespread food shortages, industry collapse, and economic stagnation. An estimated one million North Koreans died due to the widespread famine. In an effort to &quot;stabilize the livelihood of vagrants throughout the country&quot;, the North Korean government established special &quot;Children's Detention Camps&quot; in 1995, which were effectively rundown apartments. Because of poor conditions in the detention camps, children died of malnutrition.

Many crossed into China seeking necessities like food and medicine, along with job opportunities. North Korea's restricted economy could no longer support its population. North Korean children often find themselves separated from their families when crossing into China. Some children are later abandoned by their families due to the dangers of state persecution. There are even cases of children born to North Korean mothers and Chinese fathers, another reason for abandonment. This created the generation of displaced individuals, the ''kotjebi''.

== Livelihood ==
[edit source]
''Kotjebi'' children often obtain food through scavenging, gathering in groups or alone to beg and in extreme cases pickpocket. The diet of the ''kotjebi'' consists mainly of grass soup, wild vegetable porridge, and grass roots. The children will also collect recyclables to sell and perform small low-wage tasks like cleaning to earn money. Some of them may form loose family-like groups for mutual support, often times older children will take on leadership roles. Their living arrangements pose significant threats to their livelihood, living in tents, make shift shelters, construction sites or on the streets.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt;

== Human rights ==
[edit source]
There are several challenges the ''kotjebi'' face in accessing basic human rights, the first being their statelessness. This limits their access to healthcare, education, and other basic services. Many children are exploited in dangerous and unregulated workforces. North Korean and Chinese forces often ignore and neglect ''kotjebi'' children.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt; China classifies them as illegal economic migrants instead of refugees, leading to frequent deportations. NGOs face significant difficulties in providing aid and relief to these children due to political sensitivities surrounding North Korean defectors.

== See also ==
[edit source]

* Human rights in North Korea
* Street child
* Orphans in the Soviet Union
* Statelessness

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>mgjvyhy9uj6waexnttdly4u5txplxue</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>112900</id>
      <parentid>112899</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-18T19:39:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
      <origin>112900</origin>
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      <text bytes="8451" sha1="tjdyuth0mmdibmqtob1eeowaa3glyqe" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Kotjebi, kotchebi, walla ggotjebi (Koree: 꽃제비; RR: kkotjebi; MR: kkotchebi; lit. ɓuuɓri puɗi) ko helmere koreeji wonande yimɓe Koree worgo ɓe ngalaa galleeji, rokkaama sabu Kotjebi en ina njiyloo nguura e hoɗorde sahaa kala. Helmere nde fuɗɗii huutoreede ko e sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.Mawɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina nganndiraa helmere jokkondirnde e Noin Kotjebi.

Kotjebi en nganndaaka e nder Koree worgo, kala siftorde helmere ndee ina haɗaa e binndanɗe laamu e binndanɗe.Kotjebi en ko yonta mo alaa leydi, sosaa ko e heege e caɗeele faggudu, ina jokkondiri e baasal mawngal, tawa kadi alaa ko jogori dañde jojjanɗe aadee. Ndee fedde ina jogii caɗeele keewɗe e nder nguurndam mum en ñalnde kala, ina njuɓɓina nguura e golle njoɓdi tokosiri.

Iwdi e ngonka
Kotjebi yaayaaɓe ɓee puɗɗii feeñde ko e keewal e nder cagataagal kitaale 1990 e nder balɗe heege to Koree worgo, nde peewnugol e saaktude nguura yani. Ina wiyee kadi « marse tiiɗnde », ko jillondiral njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, ŋakkeende ballal Dental Sowiyet, e ngonka weeyo bonka. Ngal addani ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji keewɗi, ŋakkeende gollorɗe, e ŋakkeende faggudu. Ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋ neɗɗo Koree worgo maayi e heege mawnde. E nder eɓɓaande « dartinde nguurndam ƴaañooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala », laamu Koree worgo sosi « Kampaañuuji sukaaɓe » keertiiɗi e hitaande 1995, tawi ko cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi. Sabu ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji deentorɗi ɗii, sukaaɓe maayii e ŋakkeende nguura.

Heewɓe tacci naati Siin ngam ɗaɓɓude ko ina haaniko wayi no nguura e safaara, yantude e fartaŋŋeeji golle. Faggudu Koree worgo keertinaandu nattii waawde wallitde yimɓe mum. Sukaaɓe Koree worgo ina keewi yiyde koye mum en ina ceerti e ɓesnguuji mum en so ina taƴa e nder leydi Siin.Won e sukaaɓe caggal ɗuum ɓesnguuji mum en ngoppita ɗum en sabu kulhuli tooñanngeeji laamu. Ina woodi hay sukaaɓe jibinɓe e yummiraaɓe Koree worgo e baabaaji Siin, ko ɗum woni sabaabu goɗɗo woppude. Ɗum jibini yonta yimɓe dognooɓe, kotjebi en.

Nguurndam

Sukaaɓe Kotjebi ina keewi heɓde nguura ko e njulaagu, mooɓondiral e nder pelle walla kamɓe tan ngam ñaagaade e nder geɗe ɓurɗe teeŋtude pickpocket. Ñaamdu kotjebi ɓuri wonde ko suukara huɗo, ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ladde, e ƴiye huɗo. Sukaaɓe ɓee kadi maa mooftu geɗe mbaylaaɗe ngam yeeyde e waɗde golle tokoose ɗe njoɓaaka no feewi ko wayi no laɓɓinde ngam dañde kaalis. Won heen ina mbaawi waɗde pelle loowɗe nannduɗe e galleeji ngam wallitde, heewɓe e sahaaji sukaaɓe mawɓe ina ƴetta darnde ardorde. Njuɓɓudi nguurndam maɓɓe ina addana ɓe kulhuli mawɗi e nguurndam maɓɓe, hoɗde e laylayti, waɗde cuuɗi shift, nokkuuji mahdi walla e laabi.[page needed]

name=&quot;AP_2013-06-05&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Hyung-Jin|last=Kim|title=Activist: Smiling NKorean defectors told of misery|date=5 Jun 2013|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|url=https://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2013-06-05|archive-date=2013-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605230821/http://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|url-status=dead}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdQ8QZU6H0MC&amp;q=kotchebi&amp;pg=PT93|title=Kim Jong Il's North Korea|isbn=9780822572824|access-date=2008-08-12|last1=Behnke|first1=Alison|date=September 2007|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dailynk.com/english/every-major-north-korean-provincial-city-sees-rise-homeless/|title=Every major N. Korean provincial city sees a rise in homeless|work=[[Daily NK]]|date=15 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;dailynk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500&amp;num=3659|title=The Old Generation Calls North Korea &quot;the Great Poverty Country&quot;|work=[[Daily NK]]|date=27 May 2008|access-date=2008-08-11|archive-date=2018-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107010642/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=McPhee|first=Shaun|date=2014-09-02|title=Kotjebi: North Korean Children in China|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03068374.2014.951564|journal=Asian Affairs|volume=45|issue=3|pages=484–489|doi=10.1080/03068374.2014.951564|issn=0306-8374|archive-date=2024-12-04|access-date=2024-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204162255/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03068374.2014.951564|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

'''''Kotjebi''''', '''''kotchebi''''', or '''''ggotjebi''''' (Korean: 꽃제비; RR: ''kkotjebi''; MR: ''kkotchebi''; &lt;abbr&gt;lit.&lt;/abbr&gt; flowering swallows) is a Korean term for North Korean homeless people, given because of the Kotjebi's constant search for food and shelter. The term was originally used in reference to homeless children. The homeless elderly are known by the related term ''Noin Kotjebi''.

The ''kotjebi'' are not officially recognized in North Korea, with any mention of the term being prohibited in state publications and documents. The ''kotjebi'' are a stateless generation, formed through famine and economic crisis, facing extreme poverty and no human rights guarantees. This group faces unique challenges in their daily lives, scavenging for food and working for low wages.

== Origins and status ==
[edit source]
The orphaned ''kotjebi'' first appeared ''en masse'' in the mid-1990s in the wake of the North Korean famine, when the food production and distribution system collapsed. Also called the &quot;Arduous March,&quot; was triggered by the combination of government mismanagement, loss of Soviet Union support, and severe weather conditions. It caused widespread food shortages, industry collapse, and economic stagnation. An estimated one million North Koreans died due to the widespread famine. In an effort to &quot;stabilize the livelihood of vagrants throughout the country&quot;, the North Korean government established special &quot;Children's Detention Camps&quot; in 1995, which were effectively rundown apartments. Because of poor conditions in the detention camps, children died of malnutrition.

Many crossed into China seeking necessities like food and medicine, along with job opportunities. North Korea's restricted economy could no longer support its population. North Korean children often find themselves separated from their families when crossing into China. Some children are later abandoned by their families due to the dangers of state persecution. There are even cases of children born to North Korean mothers and Chinese fathers, another reason for abandonment. This created the generation of displaced individuals, the ''kotjebi''.

== Livelihood ==
[edit source]
''Kotjebi'' children often obtain food through scavenging, gathering in groups or alone to beg and in extreme cases pickpocket. The diet of the ''kotjebi'' consists mainly of grass soup, wild vegetable porridge, and grass roots. The children will also collect recyclables to sell and perform small low-wage tasks like cleaning to earn money. Some of them may form loose family-like groups for mutual support, often times older children will take on leadership roles. Their living arrangements pose significant threats to their livelihood, living in tents, make shift shelters, construction sites or on the streets.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt;

== Human rights ==
[edit source]
There are several challenges the ''kotjebi'' face in accessing basic human rights, the first being their statelessness. This limits their access to healthcare, education, and other basic services. Many children are exploited in dangerous and unregulated workforces. North Korean and Chinese forces often ignore and neglect ''kotjebi'' children.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt; China classifies them as illegal economic migrants instead of refugees, leading to frequent deportations. NGOs face significant difficulties in providing aid and relief to these children due to political sensitivities surrounding North Korean defectors.

== See also ==
[edit source]

* Human rights in North Korea
* Street child
* Orphans in the Soviet Union
* Statelessness

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>tjdyuth0mmdibmqtob1eeowaa3glyqe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>112901</id>
      <parentid>112900</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-18T19:41:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
      <origin>112901</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="9131" sha1="tjalnaub5vwdjv0yblowkixcvu7a7pg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Kotjebi, kotchebi, walla ggotjebi (Koree: 꽃제비; RR: kkotjebi; MR: kkotchebi; lit. ɓuuɓri puɗi) ko helmere koreeji wonande yimɓe Koree worgo ɓe ngalaa galleeji, rokkaama sabu Kotjebi en ina njiyloo nguura e hoɗorde sahaa kala. Helmere nde fuɗɗii huutoreede ko e sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.Mawɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina nganndiraa helmere jokkondirnde e Noin Kotjebi.

Kotjebi en nganndaaka e nder Koree worgo, kala siftorde helmere ndee ina haɗaa e binndanɗe laamu e binndanɗe.Kotjebi en ko yonta mo alaa leydi, sosaa ko e heege e caɗeele faggudu, ina jokkondiri e baasal mawngal, tawa kadi alaa ko jogori dañde jojjanɗe aadee. Ndee fedde ina jogii caɗeele keewɗe e nder nguurndam mum en ñalnde kala, ina njuɓɓina nguura e golle njoɓdi tokosiri.

Iwdi e ngonka
Kotjebi yaayaaɓe ɓee puɗɗii feeñde ko e keewal e nder cagataagal kitaale 1990 e nder balɗe heege to Koree worgo, nde peewnugol e saaktude nguura yani. Ina wiyee kadi « marse tiiɗnde », ko jillondiral njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, ŋakkeende ballal Dental Sowiyet, e ngonka weeyo bonka. Ngal addani ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji keewɗi, ŋakkeende gollorɗe, e ŋakkeende faggudu. Ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋ neɗɗo Koree worgo maayi e heege mawnde. E nder eɓɓaande « dartinde nguurndam ƴaañooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala », laamu Koree worgo sosi « Kampaañuuji sukaaɓe » keertiiɗi e hitaande 1995, tawi ko cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi. Sabu ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji deentorɗi ɗii, sukaaɓe maayii e ŋakkeende nguura.

Heewɓe tacci naati Siin ngam ɗaɓɓude ko ina haaniko wayi no nguura e safaara, yantude e fartaŋŋeeji golle. Faggudu Koree worgo keertinaandu nattii waawde wallitde yimɓe mum. Sukaaɓe Koree worgo ina keewi yiyde koye mum en ina ceerti e ɓesnguuji mum en so ina taƴa e nder leydi Siin.Won e sukaaɓe caggal ɗuum ɓesnguuji mum en ngoppita ɗum en sabu kulhuli tooñanngeeji laamu. Ina woodi hay sukaaɓe jibinɓe e yummiraaɓe Koree worgo e baabaaji Siin, ko ɗum woni sabaabu goɗɗo woppude. Ɗum jibini yonta yimɓe dognooɓe, kotjebi en.

Nguurndam

Sukaaɓe Kotjebi ina keewi heɓde nguura ko e njulaagu, mooɓondiral e nder pelle walla kamɓe tan ngam ñaagaade e nder geɗe ɓurɗe teeŋtude pickpocket. Ñaamdu kotjebi ɓuri wonde ko suukara huɗo, ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ladde, e ƴiye huɗo. Sukaaɓe ɓee kadi maa mooftu geɗe mbaylaaɗe ngam yeeyde e waɗde golle tokoose ɗe njoɓaaka no feewi ko wayi no laɓɓinde ngam dañde kaalis. Won heen ina mbaawi waɗde pelle loowɗe nannduɗe e galleeji ngam wallitde, heewɓe e sahaaji sukaaɓe mawɓe ina ƴetta darnde ardorde. Njuɓɓudi nguurndam maɓɓe ina addana ɓe kulhuli mawɗi e nguurndam maɓɓe, hoɗde e laylayti, waɗde cuuɗi shift, nokkuuji mahdi walla e laabi.[page needed]

name=&quot;AP_2013-06-05&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Hyung-Jin|last=Kim|title=Activist: Smiling NKorean defectors told of misery|date=5 Jun 2013|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|url=https://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2013-06-05|archive-date=2013-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605230821/http://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|url-status=dead}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdQ8QZU6H0MC&amp;q=kotchebi&amp;pg=PT93|title=Kim Jong Il's North Korea|isbn=9780822572824|access-date=2008-08-12|last1=Behnke|first1=Alison|date=September 2007|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dailynk.com/english/every-major-north-korean-provincial-city-sees-rise-homeless/|title=Every major N. Korean provincial city sees a rise in homeless|work=[[Daily NK]]|date=15 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;dailynk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500&amp;num=3659|title=The Old Generation Calls North Korea &quot;the Great Poverty Country&quot;|work=[[Daily NK]]|date=27 May 2008|access-date=2008-08-11|archive-date=2018-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107010642/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=McPhee|first=Shaun|date=2014-09-02|title=Kotjebi: North Korean Children in China|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03068374.2014.951564|journal=Asian Affairs|volume=45|issue=3|pages=484–489|doi=10.1080/03068374.2014.951564|issn=0306-8374|archive-date=2024-12-04|access-date=2024-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204162255/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03068374.2014.951564|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Park|first1=Hyoungah|last2=Kim|first2=Jeong Lim|last3=Lichtenberg|first3=Illya|last4=Chung|first4=Tae Jin|date=2024-09-01|title=North Korean Migrants in China: A Case Study of Human Smuggling and Trafficking|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11417-024-09423-3|journal=Asian Journal of Criminology|language=en|volume=19|issue=3|pages=307–328|doi=10.1007/s11417-024-09423-3|issn=1871-014X|archive-date=2024-12-03|access-date=2024-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203081833/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11417-024-09423-3|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; There are even cases of children born to 

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= ''Kotjebi'' =

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

'''''Kotjebi''''', '''''kotchebi''''', or '''''ggotjebi''''' (Korean: 꽃제비; RR: ''kkotjebi''; MR: ''kkotchebi''; &lt;abbr&gt;lit.&lt;/abbr&gt; flowering swallows) is a Korean term for North Korean homeless people, given because of the Kotjebi's constant search for food and shelter. The term was originally used in reference to homeless children. The homeless elderly are known by the related term ''Noin Kotjebi''.

The ''kotjebi'' are not officially recognized in North Korea, with any mention of the term being prohibited in state publications and documents. The ''kotjebi'' are a stateless generation, formed through famine and economic crisis, facing extreme poverty and no human rights guarantees. This group faces unique challenges in their daily lives, scavenging for food and working for low wages.

== Origins and status ==
[edit source]
The orphaned ''kotjebi'' first appeared ''en masse'' in the mid-1990s in the wake of the North Korean famine, when the food production and distribution system collapsed. Also called the &quot;Arduous March,&quot; was triggered by the combination of government mismanagement, loss of Soviet Union support, and severe weather conditions. It caused widespread food shortages, industry collapse, and economic stagnation. An estimated one million North Koreans died due to the widespread famine. In an effort to &quot;stabilize the livelihood of vagrants throughout the country&quot;, the North Korean government established special &quot;Children's Detention Camps&quot; in 1995, which were effectively rundown apartments. Because of poor conditions in the detention camps, children died of malnutrition.

Many crossed into China seeking necessities like food and medicine, along with job opportunities. North Korea's restricted economy could no longer support its population. North Korean children often find themselves separated from their families when crossing into China. Some children are later abandoned by their families due to the dangers of state persecution. There are even cases of children born to North Korean mothers and Chinese fathers, another reason for abandonment. This created the generation of displaced individuals, the ''kotjebi''.

== Livelihood ==
[edit source]
''Kotjebi'' children often obtain food through scavenging, gathering in groups or alone to beg and in extreme cases pickpocket. The diet of the ''kotjebi'' consists mainly of grass soup, wild vegetable porridge, and grass roots. The children will also collect recyclables to sell and perform small low-wage tasks like cleaning to earn money. Some of them may form loose family-like groups for mutual support, often times older children will take on leadership roles. Their living arrangements pose significant threats to their livelihood, living in tents, make shift shelters, construction sites or on the streets.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt;

== Human rights ==
[edit source]
There are several challenges the ''kotjebi'' face in accessing basic human rights, the first being their statelessness. This limits their access to healthcare, education, and other basic services. Many children are exploited in dangerous and unregulated workforces. North Korean and Chinese forces often ignore and neglect ''kotjebi'' children.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt; China classifies them as illegal economic migrants instead of refugees, leading to frequent deportations. NGOs face significant difficulties in providing aid and relief to these children due to political sensitivities surrounding North Korean defectors.

== See also ==
[edit source]

* Human rights in North Korea
* Street child
* Orphans in the Soviet Union
* Statelessness

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>tjalnaub5vwdjv0yblowkixcvu7a7pg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>112902</id>
      <parentid>112901</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-18T19:43:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
      <origin>112902</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9406" sha1="gj1e6qli64qpv9bkolovat5izbddo21" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Kotjebi, kotchebi, walla ggotjebi (Koree: 꽃제비; RR: kkotjebi; MR: kkotchebi; lit. ɓuuɓri puɗi) ko helmere koreeji wonande yimɓe Koree worgo ɓe ngalaa galleeji, rokkaama sabu Kotjebi en ina njiyloo nguura e hoɗorde sahaa kala. Helmere nde fuɗɗii huutoreede ko e sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.Mawɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina nganndiraa helmere jokkondirnde e Noin Kotjebi.

Kotjebi en nganndaaka e nder Koree worgo, kala siftorde helmere ndee ina haɗaa e binndanɗe laamu e binndanɗe.Kotjebi en ko yonta mo alaa leydi, sosaa ko e heege e caɗeele faggudu, ina jokkondiri e baasal mawngal, tawa kadi alaa ko jogori dañde jojjanɗe aadee. Ndee fedde ina jogii caɗeele keewɗe e nder nguurndam mum en ñalnde kala, ina njuɓɓina nguura e golle njoɓdi tokosiri.

Iwdi e ngonka
Kotjebi yaayaaɓe ɓee puɗɗii feeñde ko e keewal e nder cagataagal kitaale 1990 e nder balɗe heege to Koree worgo, nde peewnugol e saaktude nguura yani. Ina wiyee kadi « marse tiiɗnde », ko jillondiral njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, ŋakkeende ballal Dental Sowiyet, e ngonka weeyo bonka. Ngal addani ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji keewɗi, ŋakkeende gollorɗe, e ŋakkeende faggudu. Ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋ neɗɗo Koree worgo maayi e heege mawnde. E nder eɓɓaande « dartinde nguurndam ƴaañooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala », laamu Koree worgo sosi « Kampaañuuji sukaaɓe » keertiiɗi e hitaande 1995, tawi ko cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi. Sabu ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji deentorɗi ɗii, sukaaɓe maayii e ŋakkeende nguura.

Heewɓe tacci naati Siin ngam ɗaɓɓude ko ina haaniko wayi no nguura e safaara, yantude e fartaŋŋeeji golle. Faggudu Koree worgo keertinaandu nattii waawde wallitde yimɓe mum. Sukaaɓe Koree worgo ina keewi yiyde koye mum en ina ceerti e ɓesnguuji mum en so ina taƴa e nder leydi Siin.Won e sukaaɓe caggal ɗuum ɓesnguuji mum en ngoppita ɗum en sabu kulhuli tooñanngeeji laamu. Ina woodi hay sukaaɓe jibinɓe e yummiraaɓe Koree worgo e baabaaji Siin, ko ɗum woni sabaabu goɗɗo woppude. Ɗum jibini yonta yimɓe dognooɓe, kotjebi en.

Nguurndam

Sukaaɓe Kotjebi ina keewi heɓde nguura ko e njulaagu, mooɓondiral e nder pelle walla kamɓe tan ngam ñaagaade e nder geɗe ɓurɗe teeŋtude pickpocket. Ñaamdu kotjebi ɓuri wonde ko suukara huɗo, ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ladde, e ƴiye huɗo. Sukaaɓe ɓee kadi maa mooftu geɗe mbaylaaɗe ngam yeeyde e waɗde golle tokoose ɗe njoɓaaka no feewi ko wayi no laɓɓinde ngam dañde kaalis. Won heen ina mbaawi waɗde pelle loowɗe nannduɗe e galleeji ngam wallitde, heewɓe e sahaaji sukaaɓe mawɓe ina ƴetta darnde ardorde. Njuɓɓudi nguurndam maɓɓe ina addana ɓe kulhuli mawɗi e nguurndam maɓɓe, hoɗde e laylayti, waɗde cuuɗi shift, nokkuuji mahdi walla e laabi.[page needed]

name=&quot;AP_2013-06-05&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Hyung-Jin|last=Kim|title=Activist: Smiling NKorean defectors told of misery|date=5 Jun 2013|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|url=https://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2013-06-05|archive-date=2013-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605230821/http://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|url-status=dead}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdQ8QZU6H0MC&amp;q=kotchebi&amp;pg=PT93|title=Kim Jong Il's North Korea|isbn=9780822572824|access-date=2008-08-12|last1=Behnke|first1=Alison|date=September 2007|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dailynk.com/english/every-major-north-korean-provincial-city-sees-rise-homeless/|title=Every major N. Korean provincial city sees a rise in homeless|work=[[Daily NK]]|date=15 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;dailynk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500&amp;num=3659|title=The Old Generation Calls North Korea &quot;the Great Poverty Country&quot;|work=[[Daily NK]]|date=27 May 2008|access-date=2008-08-11|archive-date=2018-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107010642/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=McPhee|first=Shaun|date=2014-09-02|title=Kotjebi: North Korean Children in China|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03068374.2014.951564|journal=Asian Affairs|volume=45|issue=3|pages=484–489|doi=10.1080/03068374.2014.951564|issn=0306-8374|archive-date=2024-12-04|access-date=2024-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204162255/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03068374.2014.951564|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Park|first1=Hyoungah|last2=Kim|first2=Jeong Lim|last3=Lichtenberg|first3=Illya|last4=Chung|first4=Tae Jin|date=2024-09-01|title=North Korean Migrants in China: A Case Study of Human Smuggling and Trafficking|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11417-024-09423-3|journal=Asian Journal of Criminology|language=en|volume=19|issue=3|pages=307–328|doi=10.1007/s11417-024-09423-3|issn=1871-014X|archive-date=2024-12-03|access-date=2024-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203081833/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11417-024-09423-3|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; There are even cases of children born to&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fahy|first=Sandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uop-DwAAQBAJ|title=Dying for Rights: Putting North Korea's Human Rights Abuses on the Record|date=2019-09-10|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-54899-1|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

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= ''Kotjebi'' =

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

'''''Kotjebi''''', '''''kotchebi''''', or '''''ggotjebi''''' (Korean: 꽃제비; RR: ''kkotjebi''; MR: ''kkotchebi''; &lt;abbr&gt;lit.&lt;/abbr&gt; flowering swallows) is a Korean term for North Korean homeless people, given because of the Kotjebi's constant search for food and shelter. The term was originally used in reference to homeless children. The homeless elderly are known by the related term ''Noin Kotjebi''.

The ''kotjebi'' are not officially recognized in North Korea, with any mention of the term being prohibited in state publications and documents. The ''kotjebi'' are a stateless generation, formed through famine and economic crisis, facing extreme poverty and no human rights guarantees. This group faces unique challenges in their daily lives, scavenging for food and working for low wages.

== Origins and status ==
[edit source]
The orphaned ''kotjebi'' first appeared ''en masse'' in the mid-1990s in the wake of the North Korean famine, when the food production and distribution system collapsed. Also called the &quot;Arduous March,&quot; was triggered by the combination of government mismanagement, loss of Soviet Union support, and severe weather conditions. It caused widespread food shortages, industry collapse, and economic stagnation. An estimated one million North Koreans died due to the widespread famine. In an effort to &quot;stabilize the livelihood of vagrants throughout the country&quot;, the North Korean government established special &quot;Children's Detention Camps&quot; in 1995, which were effectively rundown apartments. Because of poor conditions in the detention camps, children died of malnutrition.

Many crossed into China seeking necessities like food and medicine, along with job opportunities. North Korea's restricted economy could no longer support its population. North Korean children often find themselves separated from their families when crossing into China. Some children are later abandoned by their families due to the dangers of state persecution. There are even cases of children born to North Korean mothers and Chinese fathers, another reason for abandonment. This created the generation of displaced individuals, the ''kotjebi''.

== Livelihood ==
[edit source]
''Kotjebi'' children often obtain food through scavenging, gathering in groups or alone to beg and in extreme cases pickpocket. The diet of the ''kotjebi'' consists mainly of grass soup, wild vegetable porridge, and grass roots. The children will also collect recyclables to sell and perform small low-wage tasks like cleaning to earn money. Some of them may form loose family-like groups for mutual support, often times older children will take on leadership roles. Their living arrangements pose significant threats to their livelihood, living in tents, make shift shelters, construction sites or on the streets.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt;

== Human rights ==
[edit source]
There are several challenges the ''kotjebi'' face in accessing basic human rights, the first being their statelessness. This limits their access to healthcare, education, and other basic services. Many children are exploited in dangerous and unregulated workforces. North Korean and Chinese forces often ignore and neglect ''kotjebi'' children.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt; China classifies them as illegal economic migrants instead of refugees, leading to frequent deportations. NGOs face significant difficulties in providing aid and relief to these children due to political sensitivities surrounding North Korean defectors.

== See also ==
[edit source]

* Human rights in North Korea
* Street child
* Orphans in the Soviet Union
* Statelessness

== References ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>112903</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-18T19:44:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="9839" sha1="3945keg4xu133rxlul51ih9mt7ylu8o" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Kotjebi, kotchebi, walla ggotjebi (Koree: 꽃제비; RR: kkotjebi; MR: kkotchebi; lit. ɓuuɓri puɗi) ko helmere koreeji wonande yimɓe Koree worgo ɓe ngalaa galleeji, rokkaama sabu Kotjebi en ina njiyloo nguura e hoɗorde sahaa kala. Helmere nde fuɗɗii huutoreede ko e sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.Mawɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina nganndiraa helmere jokkondirnde e Noin Kotjebi.

Kotjebi en nganndaaka e nder Koree worgo, kala siftorde helmere ndee ina haɗaa e binndanɗe laamu e binndanɗe.Kotjebi en ko yonta mo alaa leydi, sosaa ko e heege e caɗeele faggudu, ina jokkondiri e baasal mawngal, tawa kadi alaa ko jogori dañde jojjanɗe aadee. Ndee fedde ina jogii caɗeele keewɗe e nder nguurndam mum en ñalnde kala, ina njuɓɓina nguura e golle njoɓdi tokosiri.

Iwdi e ngonka
Kotjebi yaayaaɓe ɓee puɗɗii feeñde ko e keewal e nder cagataagal kitaale 1990 e nder balɗe heege to Koree worgo, nde peewnugol e saaktude nguura yani. Ina wiyee kadi « marse tiiɗnde », ko jillondiral njuɓɓudi laamu nguu, ŋakkeende ballal Dental Sowiyet, e ngonka weeyo bonka. Ngal addani ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji keewɗi, ŋakkeende gollorɗe, e ŋakkeende faggudu. Ko ina tolnoo e miliyoŋ neɗɗo Koree worgo maayi e heege mawnde. E nder eɓɓaande « dartinde nguurndam ƴaañooɓe e nder leydi ndii kala », laamu Koree worgo sosi « Kampaañuuji sukaaɓe » keertiiɗi e hitaande 1995, tawi ko cuuɗi ɓuuɓɗi. Sabu ŋakkeende nguura e nder nokkuuji deentorɗi ɗii, sukaaɓe maayii e ŋakkeende nguura.

Heewɓe tacci naati Siin ngam ɗaɓɓude ko ina haaniko wayi no nguura e safaara, yantude e fartaŋŋeeji golle. Faggudu Koree worgo keertinaandu nattii waawde wallitde yimɓe mum. Sukaaɓe Koree worgo ina keewi yiyde koye mum en ina ceerti e ɓesnguuji mum en so ina taƴa e nder leydi Siin.Won e sukaaɓe caggal ɗuum ɓesnguuji mum en ngoppita ɗum en sabu kulhuli tooñanngeeji laamu. Ina woodi hay sukaaɓe jibinɓe e yummiraaɓe Koree worgo e baabaaji Siin, ko ɗum woni sabaabu goɗɗo woppude. Ɗum jibini yonta yimɓe dognooɓe, kotjebi en.

Nguurndam

Sukaaɓe Kotjebi ina keewi heɓde nguura ko e njulaagu, mooɓondiral e nder pelle walla kamɓe tan ngam ñaagaade e nder geɗe ɓurɗe teeŋtude pickpocket. Ñaamdu kotjebi ɓuri wonde ko suukara huɗo, ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ladde, e ƴiye huɗo. Sukaaɓe ɓee kadi maa mooftu geɗe mbaylaaɗe ngam yeeyde e waɗde golle tokoose ɗe njoɓaaka no feewi ko wayi no laɓɓinde ngam dañde kaalis. Won heen ina mbaawi waɗde pelle loowɗe nannduɗe e galleeji ngam wallitde, heewɓe e sahaaji sukaaɓe mawɓe ina ƴetta darnde ardorde. Njuɓɓudi nguurndam maɓɓe ina addana ɓe kulhuli mawɗi e nguurndam maɓɓe, hoɗde e laylayti, waɗde cuuɗi shift, nokkuuji mahdi walla e laabi.[page needed]

name=&quot;AP_2013-06-05&quot;&gt;{{cite news|first=Hyung-Jin|last=Kim|title=Activist: Smiling NKorean defectors told of misery|date=5 Jun 2013|publisher=[[Yahoo!]]|url=https://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|agency=[[Associated Press]]|access-date=2013-06-05|archive-date=2013-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605230821/http://news.yahoo.com/activist-smiling-nkorean-defectors-told-misery-112343717.html|url-status=dead}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdQ8QZU6H0MC&amp;q=kotchebi&amp;pg=PT93|title=Kim Jong Il's North Korea|isbn=9780822572824|access-date=2008-08-12|last1=Behnke|first1=Alison|date=September 2007|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dailynk.com/english/every-major-north-korean-provincial-city-sees-rise-homeless/|title=Every major N. Korean provincial city sees a rise in homeless|work=[[Daily NK]]|date=15 December 2022|access-date=2022-12-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;dailynk&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500&amp;num=3659|title=The Old Generation Calls North Korea &quot;the Great Poverty Country&quot;|work=[[Daily NK]]|date=27 May 2008|access-date=2008-08-11|archive-date=2018-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107010642/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk01500|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=McPhee|first=Shaun|date=2014-09-02|title=Kotjebi: North Korean Children in China|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03068374.2014.951564|journal=Asian Affairs|volume=45|issue=3|pages=484–489|doi=10.1080/03068374.2014.951564|issn=0306-8374|archive-date=2024-12-04|access-date=2024-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204162255/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03068374.2014.951564|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Park|first1=Hyoungah|last2=Kim|first2=Jeong Lim|last3=Lichtenberg|first3=Illya|last4=Chung|first4=Tae Jin|date=2024-09-01|title=North Korean Migrants in China: A Case Study of Human Smuggling and Trafficking|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11417-024-09423-3|journal=Asian Journal of Criminology|language=en|volume=19|issue=3|pages=307–328|doi=10.1007/s11417-024-09423-3|issn=1871-014X|archive-date=2024-12-03|access-date=2024-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203081833/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11417-024-09423-3|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; There are even cases of children born to&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fahy|first=Sandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uop-DwAAQBAJ|title=Dying for Rights: Putting North Korea's Human Rights Abuses on the Record|date=2019-09-10|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-54899-1|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Van Fleet|first1=Kyle|last2=Kang|first2=Shin Ji|date=2017|title=Case Studies of Statelessness: North Koreans Born in China, Rohingya in Myanmar, and Palestinians under the Arab League|url=https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/wp.towson.edu/dist/b/55/files/2018/12/Fall-2017-Statelessness-Article-quqtuh2-27mnrsr.pdf|journal=Towson University Journal of International Affairs|volume=51|issue=1|pages=18–30}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

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= ''Kotjebi'' =

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

'''''Kotjebi''''', '''''kotchebi''''', or '''''ggotjebi''''' (Korean: 꽃제비; RR: ''kkotjebi''; MR: ''kkotchebi''; &lt;abbr&gt;lit.&lt;/abbr&gt; flowering swallows) is a Korean term for North Korean homeless people, given because of the Kotjebi's constant search for food and shelter. The term was originally used in reference to homeless children. The homeless elderly are known by the related term ''Noin Kotjebi''.

The ''kotjebi'' are not officially recognized in North Korea, with any mention of the term being prohibited in state publications and documents. The ''kotjebi'' are a stateless generation, formed through famine and economic crisis, facing extreme poverty and no human rights guarantees. This group faces unique challenges in their daily lives, scavenging for food and working for low wages.

== Origins and status ==
[edit source]
The orphaned ''kotjebi'' first appeared ''en masse'' in the mid-1990s in the wake of the North Korean famine, when the food production and distribution system collapsed. Also called the &quot;Arduous March,&quot; was triggered by the combination of government mismanagement, loss of Soviet Union support, and severe weather conditions. It caused widespread food shortages, industry collapse, and economic stagnation. An estimated one million North Koreans died due to the widespread famine. In an effort to &quot;stabilize the livelihood of vagrants throughout the country&quot;, the North Korean government established special &quot;Children's Detention Camps&quot; in 1995, which were effectively rundown apartments. Because of poor conditions in the detention camps, children died of malnutrition.

Many crossed into China seeking necessities like food and medicine, along with job opportunities. North Korea's restricted economy could no longer support its population. North Korean children often find themselves separated from their families when crossing into China. Some children are later abandoned by their families due to the dangers of state persecution. There are even cases of children born to North Korean mothers and Chinese fathers, another reason for abandonment. This created the generation of displaced individuals, the ''kotjebi''.

== Livelihood ==
[edit source]
''Kotjebi'' children often obtain food through scavenging, gathering in groups or alone to beg and in extreme cases pickpocket. The diet of the ''kotjebi'' consists mainly of grass soup, wild vegetable porridge, and grass roots. The children will also collect recyclables to sell and perform small low-wage tasks like cleaning to earn money. Some of them may form loose family-like groups for mutual support, often times older children will take on leadership roles. Their living arrangements pose significant threats to their livelihood, living in tents, make shift shelters, construction sites or on the streets.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt;

== Human rights ==
[edit source]
There are several challenges the ''kotjebi'' face in accessing basic human rights, the first being their statelessness. This limits their access to healthcare, education, and other basic services. Many children are exploited in dangerous and unregulated workforces. North Korean and Chinese forces often ignore and neglect ''kotjebi'' children.&lt;sup&gt;[''page needed'']&lt;/sup&gt; China classifies them as illegal economic migrants instead of refugees, leading to frequent deportations. NGOs face significant difficulties in providing aid and relief to these children due to political sensitivities surrounding North Korean defectors.

== See also ==
[edit source]

* Human rights in North Korea
* Street child
* Orphans in the Soviet Union
* Statelessness

== References ==</text>
      <sha1>3945keg4xu133rxlul51ih9mt7ylu8o</sha1>
    </revision>
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    <title>It Don't Cost Nothin' to Say Good Morning</title>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-18T19:49:16Z</timestamp>
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        <id>10103</id>
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      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="1272" sha1="tcf8nj9z7eaut9fdupzqezuagpioxde" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Ko Cost Nothin' ngam Wi'de Subaka Jam

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Wonaa ko yoɓata ngam wiyde subaka moƴƴo ko filmo 1994 mo Kenny Hotz e Spencer Rice ardii. Filma oo ko ko fayti e nguurndam gorko mo alaa galle, ganndiraaɗo tan ko ‘Shorty’ Gordy, mo nganndu-ɗaa ko giɗo kono ko o yaroowo, potɗo hunduko, mo filma mum waɗi ko ina wona duuɓi tati, ina suddii nguurndam Gordy e maayde mum. Film o hollitaama e ñalngu filmuuji Palm Springs, Cinéfest, ñalngu filmuuji juutɗi winndereyankeewu, o heɓi kadi ɓurɗo moƴƴude e ñalɗi filmuuji Hot Docs.

Jokkondire yaajɗe</text>
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    <title>Joseph Kromelis</title>
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      <text bytes="1800" sha1="4abo9kucjpt961fse83d4la05fcj3vw" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Kromelis (1947 – 11 desaambar 2022) ganndiraaɗo ‘Neɗɗo jahoowo’, ‘Dud jahoowo walla Yanni jahoowo ko gorko mo alaa galle to nokku Chicago, yeeyoowo laabi ganndiraaɗo mbaydi ɓanndu mum e njilluuji mum e nder wuro hee. O ɓuri ɓoornaade ko t-shirt v-neck e kostim e kerchief, omo jogii gaasa juutɗa, ɓuuɓka e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi.[5]

Fuɗɗoode ina seerti so tawii Kromelis jibinaa ko to Almaañ walla to Lituwaani. Ɓesngu makko ina hoɗi to Lituwaani, nde Kromelis woni cukalel ndee, o ummii o fayi Chicago ɗo ɓe njuɓɓini bar to laawol Halsted. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Michigan, Kromelis heddii to Chicago, heɓi golle e nder usine. O heɓi caggal ɗuum yamiroore yeeyde, o soodi jeewte ngam heɓde ngalu nde o woni e yahde e Loop.

E nder duuɓi capanɗe, o wonti neɗɗo teskinɗo to Chicago. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde winndannde wiyeteende &quot;Dudementary&quot; e hitaande 2006. Ko fayti e lollude makko, Kromelis wiyi “miɗo nanndi e Kardashians — miɗo lollude e waɗde hay huunde.”

Jaɓɓaaɗo e njanguuji
E hitaande 2016, gorko goɗɗo mo alaa galle fiyi Kromelis e wuttudu baseball. Caggal nde o naati safrirde, innde makko e won e defte jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko peeñninaama.


Nokku ɗo Kromelis huɓɓi e yiite to les laawol Wabash. Maande ɓuuɓnde ina yiyee e damal garaas.
Ñalnde 25 mee 2022, Kromelis woni ko e warngooji baɗnooɗi e Joseph Guardia, tawi omo ɗaanii e les ɓuuɓri. Ñawannde ndee addi mo ɓuuɓri ko ina tolnoo e 40-65% e ɓanndu makko.

Wade
Kromelis maayi ko ñalnde 11 desaambar 2022, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 75,sabu gaañanɗe ɗe o dañi e njangu nguu. Caggal dokke, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e yanaande St. Boniface.

Ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2024, Joseph Guardia ñaawaa duuɓi 47 kasoo sabu warngo Kromelis.

Tuugnorgal</text>
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      <text bytes="2211" sha1="k8k1lobarzuvx17zz67ys5tjej6pvnf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Kromelis (1947 – 11 desaambar 2022) ganndiraaɗo ‘Neɗɗo jahoowo’, ‘Dud jahoowo walla Yanni jahoowo ko gorko mo alaa galle to nokku Chicago, yeeyoowo laabi ganndiraaɗo mbaydi ɓanndu mum e njilluuji mum e nder wuro hee. O ɓuri ɓoornaade ko t-shirt v-neck e kostim e kerchief, omo jogii gaasa juutɗa, ɓuuɓka e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi.[5]

Fuɗɗoode ina seerti so tawii Kromelis jibinaa ko to Almaañ walla to Lituwaani. Ɓesngu makko ina hoɗi to Lituwaani, nde Kromelis woni cukalel ndee, o ummii o fayi Chicago ɗo ɓe njuɓɓini bar to laawol Halsted. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Michigan, Kromelis heddii to Chicago, heɓi golle e nder usine. O heɓi caggal ɗuum yamiroore yeeyde, o soodi jeewte ngam heɓde ngalu nde o woni e yahde e Loop.

E nder duuɓi capanɗe, o wonti neɗɗo teskinɗo to Chicago. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde winndannde wiyeteende &quot;Dudementary&quot; e hitaande 2006. Ko fayti e lollude makko, Kromelis wiyi “miɗo nanndi e Kardashians — miɗo lollude e waɗde hay huunde.”

Jaɓɓaaɗo e njanguuji
E hitaande 2016, gorko goɗɗo mo alaa galle fiyi Kromelis e wuttudu baseball. Caggal nde o naati safrirde, innde makko e won e defte jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko peeñninaama.


Nokku ɗo Kromelis huɓɓi e yiite to les laawol Wabash. Maande ɓuuɓnde ina yiyee e damal garaas.
Ñalnde 25 mee 2022, Kromelis woni ko e warngooji baɗnooɗi e Joseph Guardia, tawi omo ɗaanii e les ɓuuɓri. Ñawannde ndee addi mo ɓuuɓri ko ina tolnoo e 40-65% e ɓanndu makko.

Wade
Kromelis maayi ko ñalnde 11 desaambar 2022, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 75,sabu gaañanɗe ɗe o dañi e njangu nguu. Caggal dokke, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e yanaande St. Boniface.

Ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2024, Joseph Guardia ñaawaa duuɓi 47 kasoo sabu warngo Kromelis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2723" sha1="sf5bs0p62d4onlbg9tlwdj46eivz52q" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Kromelis (1947 – 11 desaambar 2022) ganndiraaɗo ‘Neɗɗo jahoowo’, ‘Dud jahoowo walla Yanni jahoowo ko gorko mo alaa galle to nokku Chicago, yeeyoowo laabi ganndiraaɗo mbaydi ɓanndu mum e njilluuji mum e nder wuro hee. O ɓuri ɓoornaade ko t-shirt v-neck e kostim e kerchief, omo jogii gaasa juutɗa, ɓuuɓka e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi.

Fuɗɗoode ina seerti so tawii Kromelis jibinaa ko to Almaañ walla to Lituwaani. Ɓesngu makko ina hoɗi to Lituwaani, nde Kromelis woni cukalel ndee, o ummii o fayi Chicago ɗo ɓe njuɓɓini bar to laawol Halsted. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Michigan, Kromelis heddii to Chicago, heɓi golle e nder usine. O heɓi caggal ɗuum yamiroore yeeyde, o soodi jeewte ngam heɓde ngalu nde o woni e yahde e Loop.

E nder duuɓi capanɗe, o wonti neɗɗo teskinɗo to Chicago. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde winndannde wiyeteende &quot;Dudementary&quot; e hitaande 2006. Ko fayti e lollude makko, Kromelis wiyi “miɗo nanndi e Kardashians — miɗo lollude e waɗde hay huunde.”

Jaɓɓaaɗo e njanguuji
E hitaande 2016, gorko goɗɗo mo alaa galle fiyi Kromelis e wuttudu baseball. Caggal nde o naati safrirde, innde makko e won e defte jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko peeñninaama.


Nokku ɗo Kromelis huɓɓi e yiite to les laawol Wabash. Maande ɓuuɓnde ina yiyee e damal garaas.
Ñalnde 25 mee 2022, Kromelis woni ko e warngooji baɗnooɗi e Joseph Guardia, tawi omo ɗaanii e les ɓuuɓri. Ñawannde ndee addi mo ɓuuɓri ko ina tolnoo e 40-65% e ɓanndu makko.

Wade
Kromelis maayi ko ñalnde 11 desaambar 2022, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 75,sabu gaañanɗe ɗe o dañi e njangu nguu. Caggal dokke, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e yanaande St. Boniface.

Ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2024, Joseph Guardia ñaawaa duuɓi 47 kasoo sabu warngo Kromelis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;was a Chicago-area homeless man and street vendor known for his physical appearance and for wandering about the city. He typically dressed in a v-neck t-shirt and a suit and kerchief, and had long, wavy hair&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmich2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schmich|first=Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyE-EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Joseph+Kromelis&amp;pg=PT147|title=Even the Terrible Things Seem Beautiful to Me Now: On Hope, Loss, and Wearing Sunscreen|date=2019-11-05|publisher=Agate+ORM|isbn=978-1-57284-836-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3207" sha1="aemzcqu4adrsrn8i9u54qwm52alm4jc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Kromelis (1947 – 11 desaambar 2022) ganndiraaɗo ‘Neɗɗo jahoowo’, ‘Dud jahoowo walla Yanni jahoowo ko gorko mo alaa galle to nokku Chicago, yeeyoowo laabi ganndiraaɗo mbaydi ɓanndu mum e njilluuji mum e nder wuro hee. O ɓuri ɓoornaade ko t-shirt v-neck e kostim e kerchief, omo jogii gaasa juutɗa, ɓuuɓka e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi.

Fuɗɗoode ina seerti so tawii Kromelis jibinaa ko to Almaañ walla to Lituwaani. Ɓesngu makko ina hoɗi to Lituwaani, nde Kromelis woni cukalel ndee, o ummii o fayi Chicago ɗo ɓe njuɓɓini bar to laawol Halsted. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Michigan, Kromelis heddii to Chicago, heɓi golle e nder usine. O heɓi caggal ɗuum yamiroore yeeyde, o soodi jeewte ngam heɓde ngalu nde o woni e yahde e Loop.

E nder duuɓi capanɗe, o wonti neɗɗo teskinɗo to Chicago. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde winndannde wiyeteende &quot;Dudementary&quot; e hitaande 2006. Ko fayti e lollude makko, Kromelis wiyi “miɗo nanndi e Kardashians — miɗo lollude e waɗde hay huunde.”

Jaɓɓaaɗo e njanguuji
E hitaande 2016, gorko goɗɗo mo alaa galle fiyi Kromelis e wuttudu baseball. Caggal nde o naati safrirde, innde makko e won e defte jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko peeñninaama.


Nokku ɗo Kromelis huɓɓi e yiite to les laawol Wabash. Maande ɓuuɓnde ina yiyee e damal garaas.
Ñalnde 25 mee 2022, Kromelis woni ko e warngooji baɗnooɗi e Joseph Guardia, tawi omo ɗaanii e les ɓuuɓri. Ñawannde ndee addi mo ɓuuɓri ko ina tolnoo e 40-65% e ɓanndu makko.

Wade
Kromelis maayi ko ñalnde 11 desaambar 2022, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 75,sabu gaañanɗe ɗe o dañi e njangu nguu. Caggal dokke, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e yanaande St. Boniface.

Ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2024, Joseph Guardia ñaawaa duuɓi 47 kasoo sabu warngo Kromelis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;was a Chicago-area homeless man and street vendor known for his physical appearance and for wandering about the city. He typically dressed in a v-neck t-shirt and a suit and kerchief, and had long, wavy hair&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmich2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schmich|first=Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyE-EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Joseph+Kromelis&amp;pg=PT147|title=Even the Terrible Things Seem Beautiful to Me Now: On Hope, Loss, and Wearing Sunscreen|date=2019-11-05|publisher=Agate+ORM|isbn=978-1-57284-836-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;and a thick mustache.&lt;ref name=&quot;sfgate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=Chicago's homeless 'Walking Man' dies after May arson attack|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|website=SFGate.com|access-date=5 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213174255/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|archive-date=December 13, 2022|date=December 12, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3870" sha1="j1y4umdb2szu1pwa973gqn3vahxyllc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Kromelis (1947 – 11 desaambar 2022) ganndiraaɗo ‘Neɗɗo jahoowo’, ‘Dud jahoowo walla Yanni jahoowo ko gorko mo alaa galle to nokku Chicago, yeeyoowo laabi ganndiraaɗo mbaydi ɓanndu mum e njilluuji mum e nder wuro hee. O ɓuri ɓoornaade ko t-shirt v-neck e kostim e kerchief, omo jogii gaasa juutɗa, ɓuuɓka e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi.

Fuɗɗoode ina seerti so tawii Kromelis jibinaa ko to Almaañ walla to Lituwaani. Ɓesngu makko ina hoɗi to Lituwaani, nde Kromelis woni cukalel ndee, o ummii o fayi Chicago ɗo ɓe njuɓɓini bar to laawol Halsted. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Michigan, Kromelis heddii to Chicago, heɓi golle e nder usine. O heɓi caggal ɗuum yamiroore yeeyde, o soodi jeewte ngam heɓde ngalu nde o woni e yahde e Loop.

E nder duuɓi capanɗe, o wonti neɗɗo teskinɗo to Chicago. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde winndannde wiyeteende &quot;Dudementary&quot; e hitaande 2006. Ko fayti e lollude makko, Kromelis wiyi “miɗo nanndi e Kardashians — miɗo lollude e waɗde hay huunde.”

Jaɓɓaaɗo e njanguuji
E hitaande 2016, gorko goɗɗo mo alaa galle fiyi Kromelis e wuttudu baseball. Caggal nde o naati safrirde, innde makko e won e defte jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko peeñninaama.


Nokku ɗo Kromelis huɓɓi e yiite to les laawol Wabash. Maande ɓuuɓnde ina yiyee e damal garaas.
Ñalnde 25 mee 2022, Kromelis woni ko e warngooji baɗnooɗi e Joseph Guardia, tawi omo ɗaanii e les ɓuuɓri. Ñawannde ndee addi mo ɓuuɓri ko ina tolnoo e 40-65% e ɓanndu makko.

Wade
Kromelis maayi ko ñalnde 11 desaambar 2022, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 75,sabu gaañanɗe ɗe o dañi e njangu nguu. Caggal dokke, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e yanaande St. Boniface.

Ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2024, Joseph Guardia ñaawaa duuɓi 47 kasoo sabu warngo Kromelis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;was a Chicago-area homeless man and street vendor known for his physical appearance and for wandering about the city. He typically dressed in a v-neck t-shirt and a suit and kerchief, and had long, wavy hair&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmich2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schmich|first=Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyE-EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Joseph+Kromelis&amp;pg=PT147|title=Even the Terrible Things Seem Beautiful to Me Now: On Hope, Loss, and Wearing Sunscreen|date=2019-11-05|publisher=Agate+ORM|isbn=978-1-57284-836-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;and a thick mustache.&lt;ref name=&quot;sfgate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=Chicago's homeless 'Walking Man' dies after May arson attack|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|website=SFGate.com|access-date=5 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213174255/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|archive-date=December 13, 2022|date=December 12, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; or Lithuania.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-02|title=Joseph Kromelis, Chicago's 'Walking Man,' dies|url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/obituaries/joseph-kromelis-chicago-walking-man-dies|access-date=2023-03-12|website=Crain's Chicago Business|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; His family lived in Lithuania, and while Kromelis was still a child, moved to Chicago where they managed a bar on [[Halsted street]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Dahlman|first1=Steven|title=More than $30k raised for ';Walking Dude,' recovering from assault on Lower Wacker|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0526.htm|website=Loop North News|access-date=5 March 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="4264" sha1="hls6rhoumyjm3flwn7frcm1yr8114ri" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Kromelis (1947 – 11 desaambar 2022) ganndiraaɗo ‘Neɗɗo jahoowo’, ‘Dud jahoowo walla Yanni jahoowo ko gorko mo alaa galle to nokku Chicago, yeeyoowo laabi ganndiraaɗo mbaydi ɓanndu mum e njilluuji mum e nder wuro hee. O ɓuri ɓoornaade ko t-shirt v-neck e kostim e kerchief, omo jogii gaasa juutɗa, ɓuuɓka e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi.

Fuɗɗoode ina seerti so tawii Kromelis jibinaa ko to Almaañ walla to Lituwaani. Ɓesngu makko ina hoɗi to Lituwaani, nde Kromelis woni cukalel ndee, o ummii o fayi Chicago ɗo ɓe njuɓɓini bar to laawol Halsted. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Michigan, Kromelis heddii to Chicago, heɓi golle e nder usine. O heɓi caggal ɗuum yamiroore yeeyde, o soodi jeewte ngam heɓde ngalu nde o woni e yahde e Loop.

E nder duuɓi capanɗe, o wonti neɗɗo teskinɗo to Chicago. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde winndannde wiyeteende &quot;Dudementary&quot; e hitaande 2006. Ko fayti e lollude makko, Kromelis wiyi “miɗo nanndi e Kardashians — miɗo lollude e waɗde hay huunde.”

Jaɓɓaaɗo e njanguuji
E hitaande 2016, gorko goɗɗo mo alaa galle fiyi Kromelis e wuttudu baseball. Caggal nde o naati safrirde, innde makko e won e defte jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko peeñninaama.


Nokku ɗo Kromelis huɓɓi e yiite to les laawol Wabash. Maande ɓuuɓnde ina yiyee e damal garaas.
Ñalnde 25 mee 2022, Kromelis woni ko e warngooji baɗnooɗi e Joseph Guardia, tawi omo ɗaanii e les ɓuuɓri. Ñawannde ndee addi mo ɓuuɓri ko ina tolnoo e 40-65% e ɓanndu makko.

Wade
Kromelis maayi ko ñalnde 11 desaambar 2022, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 75,sabu gaañanɗe ɗe o dañi e njangu nguu. Caggal dokke, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e yanaande St. Boniface.

Ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2024, Joseph Guardia ñaawaa duuɓi 47 kasoo sabu warngo Kromelis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;was a Chicago-area homeless man and street vendor known for his physical appearance and for wandering about the city. He typically dressed in a v-neck t-shirt and a suit and kerchief, and had long, wavy hair&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmich2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schmich|first=Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyE-EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Joseph+Kromelis&amp;pg=PT147|title=Even the Terrible Things Seem Beautiful to Me Now: On Hope, Loss, and Wearing Sunscreen|date=2019-11-05|publisher=Agate+ORM|isbn=978-1-57284-836-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;and a thick mustache.&lt;ref name=&quot;sfgate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=Chicago's homeless 'Walking Man' dies after May arson attack|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|website=SFGate.com|access-date=5 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213174255/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|archive-date=December 13, 2022|date=December 12, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; or Lithuania.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-02|title=Joseph Kromelis, Chicago's 'Walking Man,' dies|url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/obituaries/joseph-kromelis-chicago-walking-man-dies|access-date=2023-03-12|website=Crain's Chicago Business|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; His family lived in Lithuania, and while Kromelis was still a child, moved to Chicago where they managed a bar on [[Halsted street]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Dahlman|first1=Steven|title=More than $30k raised for ';Walking Dude,' recovering from assault on Lower Wacker|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0526.htm|website=Loop North News|access-date=5 March 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="4658" sha1="gy04gh38vojwnpalqaojxacop2vvl06" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Kromelis (1947 – 11 desaambar 2022) ganndiraaɗo ‘Neɗɗo jahoowo’, ‘Dud jahoowo walla Yanni jahoowo ko gorko mo alaa galle to nokku Chicago, yeeyoowo laabi ganndiraaɗo mbaydi ɓanndu mum e njilluuji mum e nder wuro hee. O ɓuri ɓoornaade ko t-shirt v-neck e kostim e kerchief, omo jogii gaasa juutɗa, ɓuuɓka e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi.

Fuɗɗoode ina seerti so tawii Kromelis jibinaa ko to Almaañ walla to Lituwaani. Ɓesngu makko ina hoɗi to Lituwaani, nde Kromelis woni cukalel ndee, o ummii o fayi Chicago ɗo ɓe njuɓɓini bar to laawol Halsted. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Michigan, Kromelis heddii to Chicago, heɓi golle e nder usine. O heɓi caggal ɗuum yamiroore yeeyde, o soodi jeewte ngam heɓde ngalu nde o woni e yahde e Loop.

E nder duuɓi capanɗe, o wonti neɗɗo teskinɗo to Chicago. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde winndannde wiyeteende &quot;Dudementary&quot; e hitaande 2006. Ko fayti e lollude makko, Kromelis wiyi “miɗo nanndi e Kardashians — miɗo lollude e waɗde hay huunde.”

Jaɓɓaaɗo e njanguuji
E hitaande 2016, gorko goɗɗo mo alaa galle fiyi Kromelis e wuttudu baseball. Caggal nde o naati safrirde, innde makko e won e defte jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko peeñninaama.


Nokku ɗo Kromelis huɓɓi e yiite to les laawol Wabash. Maande ɓuuɓnde ina yiyee e damal garaas.
Ñalnde 25 mee 2022, Kromelis woni ko e warngooji baɗnooɗi e Joseph Guardia, tawi omo ɗaanii e les ɓuuɓri. Ñawannde ndee addi mo ɓuuɓri ko ina tolnoo e 40-65% e ɓanndu makko.

Wade
Kromelis maayi ko ñalnde 11 desaambar 2022, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 75,sabu gaañanɗe ɗe o dañi e njangu nguu. Caggal dokke, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e yanaande St. Boniface.

Ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2024, Joseph Guardia ñaawaa duuɓi 47 kasoo sabu warngo Kromelis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;was a Chicago-area homeless man and street vendor known for his physical appearance and for wandering about the city. He typically dressed in a v-neck t-shirt and a suit and kerchief, and had long, wavy hair&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmich2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schmich|first=Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyE-EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Joseph+Kromelis&amp;pg=PT147|title=Even the Terrible Things Seem Beautiful to Me Now: On Hope, Loss, and Wearing Sunscreen|date=2019-11-05|publisher=Agate+ORM|isbn=978-1-57284-836-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;and a thick mustache.&lt;ref name=&quot;sfgate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=Chicago's homeless 'Walking Man' dies after May arson attack|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|website=SFGate.com|access-date=5 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213174255/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|archive-date=December 13, 2022|date=December 12, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; or Lithuania.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-02|title=Joseph Kromelis, Chicago's 'Walking Man,' dies|url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/obituaries/joseph-kromelis-chicago-walking-man-dies|access-date=2023-03-12|website=Crain's Chicago Business|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; His family lived in Lithuania, and while Kromelis was still a child, moved to Chicago where they managed a bar on [[Halsted street]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Dahlman|first1=Steven|title=More than $30k raised for ';Walking Dude,' recovering from assault on Lower Wacker|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0526.htm|website=Loop North News|access-date=5 March 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="4974" sha1="p1ob0sdflc18c8vxovyjw4eiub8qw09" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Kromelis (1947 – 11 desaambar 2022) ganndiraaɗo ‘Neɗɗo jahoowo’, ‘Dud jahoowo walla Yanni jahoowo ko gorko mo alaa galle to nokku Chicago, yeeyoowo laabi ganndiraaɗo mbaydi ɓanndu mum e njilluuji mum e nder wuro hee. O ɓuri ɓoornaade ko t-shirt v-neck e kostim e kerchief, omo jogii gaasa juutɗa, ɓuuɓka e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi.

Fuɗɗoode ina seerti so tawii Kromelis jibinaa ko to Almaañ walla to Lituwaani. Ɓesngu makko ina hoɗi to Lituwaani, nde Kromelis woni cukalel ndee, o ummii o fayi Chicago ɗo ɓe njuɓɓini bar to laawol Halsted. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Michigan, Kromelis heddii to Chicago, heɓi golle e nder usine. O heɓi caggal ɗuum yamiroore yeeyde, o soodi jeewte ngam heɓde ngalu nde o woni e yahde e Loop.

E nder duuɓi capanɗe, o wonti neɗɗo teskinɗo to Chicago. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde winndannde wiyeteende &quot;Dudementary&quot; e hitaande 2006. Ko fayti e lollude makko, Kromelis wiyi “miɗo nanndi e Kardashians — miɗo lollude e waɗde hay huunde.”

Jaɓɓaaɗo e njanguuji
E hitaande 2016, gorko goɗɗo mo alaa galle fiyi Kromelis e wuttudu baseball. Caggal nde o naati safrirde, innde makko e won e defte jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko peeñninaama.


Nokku ɗo Kromelis huɓɓi e yiite to les laawol Wabash. Maande ɓuuɓnde ina yiyee e damal garaas.
Ñalnde 25 mee 2022, Kromelis woni ko e warngooji baɗnooɗi e Joseph Guardia, tawi omo ɗaanii e les ɓuuɓri. Ñawannde ndee addi mo ɓuuɓri ko ina tolnoo e 40-65% e ɓanndu makko.

Wade
Kromelis maayi ko ñalnde 11 desaambar 2022, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 75,sabu gaañanɗe ɗe o dañi e njangu nguu. Caggal dokke, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e yanaande St. Boniface.

Ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2024, Joseph Guardia ñaawaa duuɓi 47 kasoo sabu warngo Kromelis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;was a Chicago-area homeless man and street vendor known for his physical appearance and for wandering about the city. He typically dressed in a v-neck t-shirt and a suit and kerchief, and had long, wavy hair&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmich2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schmich|first=Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyE-EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Joseph+Kromelis&amp;pg=PT147|title=Even the Terrible Things Seem Beautiful to Me Now: On Hope, Loss, and Wearing Sunscreen|date=2019-11-05|publisher=Agate+ORM|isbn=978-1-57284-836-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;and a thick mustache.&lt;ref name=&quot;sfgate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=Chicago's homeless 'Walking Man' dies after May arson attack|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|website=SFGate.com|access-date=5 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213174255/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|archive-date=December 13, 2022|date=December 12, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; or Lithuania.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-02|title=Joseph Kromelis, Chicago's 'Walking Man,' dies|url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/obituaries/joseph-kromelis-chicago-walking-man-dies|access-date=2023-03-12|website=Crain's Chicago Business|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; His family lived in Lithuania, and while Kromelis was still a child, moved to Chicago where they managed a bar on [[Halsted street]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Dahlman|first1=Steven|title=More than $30k raised for ';Walking Dude,' recovering from assault on Lower Wacker|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0526.htm|website=Loop North News|access-date=5 March 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorner&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Gorner|first1=Jeremy|title=Mystery of Chicago's 'Walking Man' solved, but only after he's beaten and hospitalized|url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-the-walking-man-20160527-snap-story.html|access-date=5 March 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=27 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="5216" sha1="3m4k1n6q3c7ma4owdpnxwflzi7k7v4a" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Kromelis (1947 – 11 desaambar 2022) ganndiraaɗo ‘Neɗɗo jahoowo’, ‘Dud jahoowo walla Yanni jahoowo ko gorko mo alaa galle to nokku Chicago, yeeyoowo laabi ganndiraaɗo mbaydi ɓanndu mum e njilluuji mum e nder wuro hee. O ɓuri ɓoornaade ko t-shirt v-neck e kostim e kerchief, omo jogii gaasa juutɗa, ɓuuɓka e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi.

Fuɗɗoode ina seerti so tawii Kromelis jibinaa ko to Almaañ walla to Lituwaani. Ɓesngu makko ina hoɗi to Lituwaani, nde Kromelis woni cukalel ndee, o ummii o fayi Chicago ɗo ɓe njuɓɓini bar to laawol Halsted. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Michigan, Kromelis heddii to Chicago, heɓi golle e nder usine. O heɓi caggal ɗuum yamiroore yeeyde, o soodi jeewte ngam heɓde ngalu nde o woni e yahde e Loop.

E nder duuɓi capanɗe, o wonti neɗɗo teskinɗo to Chicago. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde winndannde wiyeteende &quot;Dudementary&quot; e hitaande 2006. Ko fayti e lollude makko, Kromelis wiyi “miɗo nanndi e Kardashians — miɗo lollude e waɗde hay huunde.”

Jaɓɓaaɗo e njanguuji
E hitaande 2016, gorko goɗɗo mo alaa galle fiyi Kromelis e wuttudu baseball. Caggal nde o naati safrirde, innde makko e won e defte jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko peeñninaama.


Nokku ɗo Kromelis huɓɓi e yiite to les laawol Wabash. Maande ɓuuɓnde ina yiyee e damal garaas.
Ñalnde 25 mee 2022, Kromelis woni ko e warngooji baɗnooɗi e Joseph Guardia, tawi omo ɗaanii e les ɓuuɓri. Ñawannde ndee addi mo ɓuuɓri ko ina tolnoo e 40-65% e ɓanndu makko.

Wade
Kromelis maayi ko ñalnde 11 desaambar 2022, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 75,sabu gaañanɗe ɗe o dañi e njangu nguu. Caggal dokke, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e yanaande St. Boniface.

Ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2024, Joseph Guardia ñaawaa duuɓi 47 kasoo sabu warngo Kromelis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;was a Chicago-area homeless man and street vendor known for his physical appearance and for wandering about the city. He typically dressed in a v-neck t-shirt and a suit and kerchief, and had long, wavy hair&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmich2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schmich|first=Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyE-EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Joseph+Kromelis&amp;pg=PT147|title=Even the Terrible Things Seem Beautiful to Me Now: On Hope, Loss, and Wearing Sunscreen|date=2019-11-05|publisher=Agate+ORM|isbn=978-1-57284-836-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;and a thick mustache.&lt;ref name=&quot;sfgate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=Chicago's homeless 'Walking Man' dies after May arson attack|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|website=SFGate.com|access-date=5 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213174255/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|archive-date=December 13, 2022|date=December 12, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; or Lithuania.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-02|title=Joseph Kromelis, Chicago's 'Walking Man,' dies|url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/obituaries/joseph-kromelis-chicago-walking-man-dies|access-date=2023-03-12|website=Crain's Chicago Business|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; His family lived in Lithuania, and while Kromelis was still a child, moved to Chicago where they managed a bar on [[Halsted street]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Dahlman|first1=Steven|title=More than $30k raised for ';Walking Dude,' recovering from assault on Lower Wacker|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0526.htm|website=Loop North News|access-date=5 March 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorner&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Gorner|first1=Jeremy|title=Mystery of Chicago's 'Walking Man' solved, but only after he's beaten and hospitalized|url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-the-walking-man-20160527-snap-story.html|access-date=5 March 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=27 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dahlman|first=Steven|title=Mockumentary on River North's 'Walking Dude' surpasses 10,000 YouTube hits|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0117.htm|access-date=2022-12-13|website=Loop North News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="5482" sha1="ovgdjiudanhp49c7l7kuezf8k6prtz3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Kromelis (1947 – 11 desaambar 2022) ganndiraaɗo ‘Neɗɗo jahoowo’, ‘Dud jahoowo walla Yanni jahoowo ko gorko mo alaa galle to nokku Chicago, yeeyoowo laabi ganndiraaɗo mbaydi ɓanndu mum e njilluuji mum e nder wuro hee. O ɓuri ɓoornaade ko t-shirt v-neck e kostim e kerchief, omo jogii gaasa juutɗa, ɓuuɓka e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi.

Fuɗɗoode ina seerti so tawii Kromelis jibinaa ko to Almaañ walla to Lituwaani. Ɓesngu makko ina hoɗi to Lituwaani, nde Kromelis woni cukalel ndee, o ummii o fayi Chicago ɗo ɓe njuɓɓini bar to laawol Halsted. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Michigan, Kromelis heddii to Chicago, heɓi golle e nder usine. O heɓi caggal ɗuum yamiroore yeeyde, o soodi jeewte ngam heɓde ngalu nde o woni e yahde e Loop.

E nder duuɓi capanɗe, o wonti neɗɗo teskinɗo to Chicago. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde winndannde wiyeteende &quot;Dudementary&quot; e hitaande 2006. Ko fayti e lollude makko, Kromelis wiyi “miɗo nanndi e Kardashians — miɗo lollude e waɗde hay huunde.”

Jaɓɓaaɗo e njanguuji
E hitaande 2016, gorko goɗɗo mo alaa galle fiyi Kromelis e wuttudu baseball. Caggal nde o naati safrirde, innde makko e won e defte jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko peeñninaama.


Nokku ɗo Kromelis huɓɓi e yiite to les laawol Wabash. Maande ɓuuɓnde ina yiyee e damal garaas.
Ñalnde 25 mee 2022, Kromelis woni ko e warngooji baɗnooɗi e Joseph Guardia, tawi omo ɗaanii e les ɓuuɓri. Ñawannde ndee addi mo ɓuuɓri ko ina tolnoo e 40-65% e ɓanndu makko.

Wade
Kromelis maayi ko ñalnde 11 desaambar 2022, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 75,sabu gaañanɗe ɗe o dañi e njangu nguu. Caggal dokke, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e yanaande St. Boniface.

Ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2024, Joseph Guardia ñaawaa duuɓi 47 kasoo sabu warngo Kromelis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;was a Chicago-area homeless man and street vendor known for his physical appearance and for wandering about the city. He typically dressed in a v-neck t-shirt and a suit and kerchief, and had long, wavy hair&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmich2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schmich|first=Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyE-EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Joseph+Kromelis&amp;pg=PT147|title=Even the Terrible Things Seem Beautiful to Me Now: On Hope, Loss, and Wearing Sunscreen|date=2019-11-05|publisher=Agate+ORM|isbn=978-1-57284-836-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;and a thick mustache.&lt;ref name=&quot;sfgate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=Chicago's homeless 'Walking Man' dies after May arson attack|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|website=SFGate.com|access-date=5 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213174255/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|archive-date=December 13, 2022|date=December 12, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; or Lithuania.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-02|title=Joseph Kromelis, Chicago's 'Walking Man,' dies|url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/obituaries/joseph-kromelis-chicago-walking-man-dies|access-date=2023-03-12|website=Crain's Chicago Business|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; His family lived in Lithuania, and while Kromelis was still a child, moved to Chicago where they managed a bar on [[Halsted street]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Dahlman|first1=Steven|title=More than $30k raised for ';Walking Dude,' recovering from assault on Lower Wacker|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0526.htm|website=Loop North News|access-date=5 March 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorner&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Gorner|first1=Jeremy|title=Mystery of Chicago's 'Walking Man' solved, but only after he's beaten and hospitalized|url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-the-walking-man-20160527-snap-story.html|access-date=5 March 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=27 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dahlman|first=Steven|title=Mockumentary on River North's 'Walking Dude' surpasses 10,000 YouTube hits|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0117.htm|access-date=2022-12-13|website=Loop North News}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-12|title=The Rundown: Remembering Chicago's &quot;Walking Man&quot;|url=https://www.wbez.org/stories/the-rundown-remembering-chicagos-walking-man/fdfcc01e-62bd-4d1f-940b-3c4aafe952aa|access-date=2022-12-13|website=WBEZ Chicago|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="5872" sha1="7ktp2mxqzsr81sfevnavyxyncrajrzh" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Kromelis (1947 – 11 desaambar 2022) ganndiraaɗo ‘Neɗɗo jahoowo’, ‘Dud jahoowo walla Yanni jahoowo ko gorko mo alaa galle to nokku Chicago, yeeyoowo laabi ganndiraaɗo mbaydi ɓanndu mum e njilluuji mum e nder wuro hee. O ɓuri ɓoornaade ko t-shirt v-neck e kostim e kerchief, omo jogii gaasa juutɗa, ɓuuɓka e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi.

Fuɗɗoode ina seerti so tawii Kromelis jibinaa ko to Almaañ walla to Lituwaani. Ɓesngu makko ina hoɗi to Lituwaani, nde Kromelis woni cukalel ndee, o ummii o fayi Chicago ɗo ɓe njuɓɓini bar to laawol Halsted. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Michigan, Kromelis heddii to Chicago, heɓi golle e nder usine. O heɓi caggal ɗuum yamiroore yeeyde, o soodi jeewte ngam heɓde ngalu nde o woni e yahde e Loop.

E nder duuɓi capanɗe, o wonti neɗɗo teskinɗo to Chicago. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde winndannde wiyeteende &quot;Dudementary&quot; e hitaande 2006. Ko fayti e lollude makko, Kromelis wiyi “miɗo nanndi e Kardashians — miɗo lollude e waɗde hay huunde.”

Jaɓɓaaɗo e njanguuji
E hitaande 2016, gorko goɗɗo mo alaa galle fiyi Kromelis e wuttudu baseball. Caggal nde o naati safrirde, innde makko e won e defte jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko peeñninaama.


Nokku ɗo Kromelis huɓɓi e yiite to les laawol Wabash. Maande ɓuuɓnde ina yiyee e damal garaas.
Ñalnde 25 mee 2022, Kromelis woni ko e warngooji baɗnooɗi e Joseph Guardia, tawi omo ɗaanii e les ɓuuɓri. Ñawannde ndee addi mo ɓuuɓri ko ina tolnoo e 40-65% e ɓanndu makko.

Wade
Kromelis maayi ko ñalnde 11 desaambar 2022, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 75,sabu gaañanɗe ɗe o dañi e njangu nguu. Caggal dokke, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e yanaande St. Boniface.

Ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2024, Joseph Guardia ñaawaa duuɓi 47 kasoo sabu warngo Kromelis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;was a Chicago-area homeless man and street vendor known for his physical appearance and for wandering about the city. He typically dressed in a v-neck t-shirt and a suit and kerchief, and had long, wavy hair&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmich2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schmich|first=Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyE-EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Joseph+Kromelis&amp;pg=PT147|title=Even the Terrible Things Seem Beautiful to Me Now: On Hope, Loss, and Wearing Sunscreen|date=2019-11-05|publisher=Agate+ORM|isbn=978-1-57284-836-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;and a thick mustache.&lt;ref name=&quot;sfgate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=Chicago's homeless 'Walking Man' dies after May arson attack|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|website=SFGate.com|access-date=5 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213174255/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|archive-date=December 13, 2022|date=December 12, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; or Lithuania.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-02|title=Joseph Kromelis, Chicago's 'Walking Man,' dies|url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/obituaries/joseph-kromelis-chicago-walking-man-dies|access-date=2023-03-12|website=Crain's Chicago Business|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; His family lived in Lithuania, and while Kromelis was still a child, moved to Chicago where they managed a bar on [[Halsted street]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Dahlman|first1=Steven|title=More than $30k raised for ';Walking Dude,' recovering from assault on Lower Wacker|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0526.htm|website=Loop North News|access-date=5 March 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorner&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Gorner|first1=Jeremy|title=Mystery of Chicago's 'Walking Man' solved, but only after he's beaten and hospitalized|url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-the-walking-man-20160527-snap-story.html|access-date=5 March 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=27 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dahlman|first=Steven|title=Mockumentary on River North's 'Walking Dude' surpasses 10,000 YouTube hits|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0117.htm|access-date=2022-12-13|website=Loop North News}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-12|title=The Rundown: Remembering Chicago's &quot;Walking Man&quot;|url=https://www.wbez.org/stories/the-rundown-remembering-chicagos-walking-man/fdfcc01e-62bd-4d1f-940b-3c4aafe952aa|access-date=2022-12-13|website=WBEZ Chicago|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;while he slept under a bridge. The attack left him with burns over 40-65% of his body.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oladipo&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Oladipo|first1=Gloria|title=Chicago's 'walking man' dies nearly seven months after being set on fire|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/dec/12/chicago-walking-man-dies-joseph-kromelis|access-date=5 March 2023|work=The Guardian|date=12 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="6279" sha1="tno0hc5vflslchpmgy1thxnshtxj9m9" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Kromelis (1947 – 11 desaambar 2022) ganndiraaɗo ‘Neɗɗo jahoowo’, ‘Dud jahoowo walla Yanni jahoowo ko gorko mo alaa galle to nokku Chicago, yeeyoowo laabi ganndiraaɗo mbaydi ɓanndu mum e njilluuji mum e nder wuro hee. O ɓuri ɓoornaade ko t-shirt v-neck e kostim e kerchief, omo jogii gaasa juutɗa, ɓuuɓka e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi.

Fuɗɗoode ina seerti so tawii Kromelis jibinaa ko to Almaañ walla to Lituwaani. Ɓesngu makko ina hoɗi to Lituwaani, nde Kromelis woni cukalel ndee, o ummii o fayi Chicago ɗo ɓe njuɓɓini bar to laawol Halsted. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Michigan, Kromelis heddii to Chicago, heɓi golle e nder usine. O heɓi caggal ɗuum yamiroore yeeyde, o soodi jeewte ngam heɓde ngalu nde o woni e yahde e Loop.

E nder duuɓi capanɗe, o wonti neɗɗo teskinɗo to Chicago. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde winndannde wiyeteende &quot;Dudementary&quot; e hitaande 2006. Ko fayti e lollude makko, Kromelis wiyi “miɗo nanndi e Kardashians — miɗo lollude e waɗde hay huunde.”

Jaɓɓaaɗo e njanguuji
E hitaande 2016, gorko goɗɗo mo alaa galle fiyi Kromelis e wuttudu baseball. Caggal nde o naati safrirde, innde makko e won e defte jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko peeñninaama.


Nokku ɗo Kromelis huɓɓi e yiite to les laawol Wabash. Maande ɓuuɓnde ina yiyee e damal garaas.
Ñalnde 25 mee 2022, Kromelis woni ko e warngooji baɗnooɗi e Joseph Guardia, tawi omo ɗaanii e les ɓuuɓri. Ñawannde ndee addi mo ɓuuɓri ko ina tolnoo e 40-65% e ɓanndu makko.

Wade
Kromelis maayi ko ñalnde 11 desaambar 2022, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 75,sabu gaañanɗe ɗe o dañi e njangu nguu. Caggal dokke, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e yanaande St. Boniface.

Ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2024, Joseph Guardia ñaawaa duuɓi 47 kasoo sabu warngo Kromelis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;was a Chicago-area homeless man and street vendor known for his physical appearance and for wandering about the city. He typically dressed in a v-neck t-shirt and a suit and kerchief, and had long, wavy hair&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmich2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schmich|first=Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyE-EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Joseph+Kromelis&amp;pg=PT147|title=Even the Terrible Things Seem Beautiful to Me Now: On Hope, Loss, and Wearing Sunscreen|date=2019-11-05|publisher=Agate+ORM|isbn=978-1-57284-836-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;and a thick mustache.&lt;ref name=&quot;sfgate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=Chicago's homeless 'Walking Man' dies after May arson attack|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|website=SFGate.com|access-date=5 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213174255/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|archive-date=December 13, 2022|date=December 12, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; or Lithuania.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-02|title=Joseph Kromelis, Chicago's 'Walking Man,' dies|url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/obituaries/joseph-kromelis-chicago-walking-man-dies|access-date=2023-03-12|website=Crain's Chicago Business|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; His family lived in Lithuania, and while Kromelis was still a child, moved to Chicago where they managed a bar on [[Halsted street]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Dahlman|first1=Steven|title=More than $30k raised for ';Walking Dude,' recovering from assault on Lower Wacker|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0526.htm|website=Loop North News|access-date=5 March 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorner&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Gorner|first1=Jeremy|title=Mystery of Chicago's 'Walking Man' solved, but only after he's beaten and hospitalized|url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-the-walking-man-20160527-snap-story.html|access-date=5 March 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=27 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dahlman|first=Steven|title=Mockumentary on River North's 'Walking Dude' surpasses 10,000 YouTube hits|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0117.htm|access-date=2022-12-13|website=Loop North News}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-12|title=The Rundown: Remembering Chicago's &quot;Walking Man&quot;|url=https://www.wbez.org/stories/the-rundown-remembering-chicagos-walking-man/fdfcc01e-62bd-4d1f-940b-3c4aafe952aa|access-date=2022-12-13|website=WBEZ Chicago|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;while he slept under a bridge. The attack left him with burns over 40-65% of his body.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oladipo&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Oladipo|first1=Gloria|title=Chicago's 'walking man' dies nearly seven months after being set on fire|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/dec/12/chicago-walking-man-dies-joseph-kromelis|access-date=5 March 2023|work=The Guardian|date=12 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; as a result of the injuries he sustained in the arson attack.&lt;ref name=&quot;Struett&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Struett|first1=David|title='Walking Man' dies months after being set on fire: 'An absolute Chicago character'|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/12/12/23505120/chicago-walking-man-dude-joseph-kromelis-wacker-attack|access-date=5 March 2023|work=Chicago Sun-Times|date=12 December 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
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      <text bytes="6559" sha1="sz4fsvlhyka2alna74nrojoeptg5ree" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Joseph Kromelis (1947 – 11 desaambar 2022) ganndiraaɗo ‘Neɗɗo jahoowo’, ‘Dud jahoowo walla Yanni jahoowo ko gorko mo alaa galle to nokku Chicago, yeeyoowo laabi ganndiraaɗo mbaydi ɓanndu mum e njilluuji mum e nder wuro hee. O ɓuri ɓoornaade ko t-shirt v-neck e kostim e kerchief, omo jogii gaasa juutɗa, ɓuuɓka e ɓuuɓri tiiɗndi.

Fuɗɗoode ina seerti so tawii Kromelis jibinaa ko to Almaañ walla to Lituwaani. Ɓesngu makko ina hoɗi to Lituwaani, nde Kromelis woni cukalel ndee, o ummii o fayi Chicago ɗo ɓe njuɓɓini bar to laawol Halsted. Caggal nde ɓesngu makko ummii to Michigan, Kromelis heddii to Chicago, heɓi golle e nder usine. O heɓi caggal ɗuum yamiroore yeeyde, o soodi jeewte ngam heɓde ngalu nde o woni e yahde e Loop.

E nder duuɓi capanɗe, o wonti neɗɗo teskinɗo to Chicago. Ko kanko woni tiitoonde winndannde wiyeteende &quot;Dudementary&quot; e hitaande 2006. Ko fayti e lollude makko, Kromelis wiyi “miɗo nanndi e Kardashians — miɗo lollude e waɗde hay huunde.”

Jaɓɓaaɗo e njanguuji
E hitaande 2016, gorko goɗɗo mo alaa galle fiyi Kromelis e wuttudu baseball. Caggal nde o naati safrirde, innde makko e won e defte jowitiiɗe e ngonka makko peeñninaama.


Nokku ɗo Kromelis huɓɓi e yiite to les laawol Wabash. Maande ɓuuɓnde ina yiyee e damal garaas.
Ñalnde 25 mee 2022, Kromelis woni ko e warngooji baɗnooɗi e Joseph Guardia, tawi omo ɗaanii e les ɓuuɓri. Ñawannde ndee addi mo ɓuuɓri ko ina tolnoo e 40-65% e ɓanndu makko.

Wade
Kromelis maayi ko ñalnde 11 desaambar 2022, tawi ina yahra e duuɓi 75,sabu gaañanɗe ɗe o dañi e njangu nguu. Caggal dokke, heddiiɓe e makko mbaraa e yanaande St. Boniface.

Ñalnde 24 oktoobar 2024, Joseph Guardia ñaawaa duuɓi 47 kasoo sabu warngo Kromelis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gale&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;was a Chicago-area homeless man and street vendor known for his physical appearance and for wandering about the city. He typically dressed in a v-neck t-shirt and a suit and kerchief, and had long, wavy hair&lt;ref name=&quot;Schmich2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Schmich|first=Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyE-EAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Joseph+Kromelis&amp;pg=PT147|title=Even the Terrible Things Seem Beautiful to Me Now: On Hope, Loss, and Wearing Sunscreen|date=2019-11-05|publisher=Agate+ORM|isbn=978-1-57284-836-8|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;and a thick mustache.&lt;ref name=&quot;sfgate&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=staff|title=Chicago's homeless 'Walking Man' dies after May arson attack|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|website=SFGate.com|access-date=5 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213174255/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Chicago-s-homeless-Walking-Man-dies-after-May-17648842.php|archive-date=December 13, 2022|date=December 12, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; or Lithuania.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-06-02|title=Joseph Kromelis, Chicago's 'Walking Man,' dies|url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/obituaries/joseph-kromelis-chicago-walking-man-dies|access-date=2023-03-12|website=Crain's Chicago Business|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; His family lived in Lithuania, and while Kromelis was still a child, moved to Chicago where they managed a bar on [[Halsted street]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Dahlman|first1=Steven|title=More than $30k raised for ';Walking Dude,' recovering from assault on Lower Wacker|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0526.htm|website=Loop North News|access-date=5 March 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ph.d|first=Dr Neil Gale|date=2020-04-21|title=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™: The Story of Chicago's &quot;Walking Man.&quot; Joseph &quot;Joe&quot; Kromelis. (1947-Dec 11, 2022)|url=https://drloihjournal.blogspot.com/2020/04/the-story-of-chicagos-walking-man.html|access-date=2022-12-13|website=The Digital Research Library of Illinois History Journal™}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorner&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Gorner|first1=Jeremy|title=Mystery of Chicago's 'Walking Man' solved, but only after he's beaten and hospitalized|url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-the-walking-man-20160527-snap-story.html|access-date=5 March 2023|work=Los Angeles Times|date=27 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dahlman2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Dahlman|first=Steven|title=Mockumentary on River North's 'Walking Dude' surpasses 10,000 YouTube hits|url=https://www.loopnorth.com/news/dude0117.htm|access-date=2022-12-13|website=Loop North News}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-12|title=The Rundown: Remembering Chicago's &quot;Walking Man&quot;|url=https://www.wbez.org/stories/the-rundown-remembering-chicagos-walking-man/fdfcc01e-62bd-4d1f-940b-3c4aafe952aa|access-date=2022-12-13|website=WBEZ Chicago|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;while he slept under a bridge. The attack left him with burns over 40-65% of his body.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oladipo&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Oladipo|first1=Gloria|title=Chicago's 'walking man' dies nearly seven months after being set on fire|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/dec/12/chicago-walking-man-dies-joseph-kromelis|access-date=5 March 2023|work=The Guardian|date=12 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; as a result of the injuries he sustained in the arson attack.&lt;ref name=&quot;Struett&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Struett|first1=David|title='Walking Man' dies months after being set on fire: 'An absolute Chicago character'|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/12/12/23505120/chicago-walking-man-dude-joseph-kromelis-wacker-attack|access-date=5 March 2023|work=Chicago Sun-Times|date=12 December 2022|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-10-24|title=47-year prison term for fatal attack on Chicago's 'Walking Man'|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2024/10/24/47-year-prison-term-for-fatal-attack-on-chicagos-walking-man/|access-date=2024-10-24|website=Chicago Tribune|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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  <page>
    <title>Mahwa Aser</title>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-18T20:23:09Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="591" sha1="6e3jyvf4p449yjgihze25hw7cepkn2m" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mahwa 'Aser (Aarabeeɓe: محوى عصر) ko renndo ɓuuɓngo e nder San‘a’, laamorgo leydi Yemen. Mahwa Aser ko wuro fotde 17 000 neɗɗo, ɓeeɗoo yimɓe ina nguuri e galleeji ɗi ngonaa laamuyankooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo tuugii. Nguurndam bonɗam e nder gure teeru ina jogii batte bonɗe no feewi e cellal hoɗɓe. Alaa duɗal e nder wuro Mahwa Aser.

E lewru sulyee 2008, polis neldaa to Mahwa Aser ngam ƴellitde hoɗɓe e nokku hee ko ɓooyaani koo. Ko hareeji bonɗi mbaɗi hakkunde polis e hoɗɓe toon. Ko ina tolnoo e galleeji sappo mbonnaama.

Ƴeew kadi
ʽAsr
Tuugnorgal</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="778" sha1="fd9mrms6gs7ocsd0z4gwlysn1vt7ieo" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mahwa 'Aser (Aarabeeɓe: محوى عصر) ko renndo ɓuuɓngo e nder San‘a’, laamorgo leydi Yemen. Mahwa Aser ko wuro fotde 17 000 neɗɗo, ɓeeɗoo yimɓe ina nguuri e galleeji ɗi ngonaa laamuyankooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo tuugii. Nguurndam bonɗam e nder gure teeru ina jogii batte bonɗe no feewi e cellal hoɗɓe. Alaa duɗal e nder wuro Mahwa Aser.

E lewru sulyee 2008, polis neldaa to Mahwa Aser ngam ƴellitde hoɗɓe e nokku hee ko ɓooyaani koo. Ko hareeji bonɗi mbaɗi hakkunde polis e hoɗɓe toon. Ko ina tolnoo e galleeji sappo mbonnaama.&lt;ref&gt;IRIN 2008, [http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=76075 'YEMEN: Residents of Sanaa slum battle disease, lack of water'], ''IRIN'', 3 January. Retrieved on 29 April 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƴeew kadi ʽAsr Tuugnorgal</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>112924</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-18T20:26:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
      <origin>112924</origin>
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      <text bytes="950" sha1="n2p9q0bqb2vx8xdhjqnz0pxkll6ucmy" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Mahwa 'Aser (Aarabeeɓe: محوى عصر) ko renndo ɓuuɓngo e nder San‘a’, laamorgo leydi Yemen. Mahwa Aser ko wuro fotde 17 000 neɗɗo, ɓeeɗoo yimɓe ina nguuri e galleeji ɗi ngonaa laamuyankooji ɗi ngalaa ɗo tuugii. Nguurndam bonɗam e nder gure teeru ina jogii batte bonɗe no feewi e cellal hoɗɓe. Alaa duɗal e nder wuro Mahwa Aser.

E lewru sulyee 2008, polis neldaa to Mahwa Aser ngam ƴellitde hoɗɓe e nokku hee ko ɓooyaani koo. Ko hareeji bonɗi mbaɗi hakkunde polis e hoɗɓe toon. Ko ina tolnoo e galleeji sappo mbonnaama.&lt;ref&gt;IRIN 2008, [http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=76075 'YEMEN: Residents of Sanaa slum battle disease, lack of water'], ''IRIN'', 3 January. Retrieved on 29 April 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;IRIN 2008, [http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=79353 'YEMEN: Police clash with slum-dwellers in Sanaa'], ''IRIN'', 21 July. Retrieved on 22 July 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƴeew kadi ʽAsr Tuugnorgal</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nishkam SWAT</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-19T08:38:47Z</timestamp>
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        <id>10103</id>
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      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="1021" sha1="pmi2d4z03owftuzdn0vs8xe32uefjdr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Nishkam SWAT (Punjabi: ਨਿਸ਼ਕਾਮ ਸਵਾਤ) ko fedde Sikh en wallitnde ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leydi Indiya, Arjantiin e leydi Biritaan.

Niskam ko golle SWAT
Nishkam SWAT fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2008 e juuɗe sosɗo fedde ballal Randeep Lall e gila ndeen nde mawni haa nde rokki 4000 nyaamdu wonande ɓe ngalaa galleeji kala yontere.

Sadak mo alaa koɗorɗe ina hokka nyaamdu e nder gure keewɗe ɗe Engele ina jeyaa heen London, Reading,[5] Oxford, Bristol, e Luton e yimɓe wallitooɓe ina jeyaa heen janngooɓe e terɗe renndo hakkunde diineeji.

Sadak oo sosaa ko e dow mbaydi Langar ndi Guru Nanak fuɗɗii, ko kañum woni sadak gadano ƴettude Langar e laabi.

E nder rafi COVID-19 ɓe ngollodii e NHS, laamu e wasiyaaji safaara ngam jokkude rokkude ñamri ndi ɓe ngalaa galleeji.

Njeenaaje e njeenaari
2018 : O rokkaama njeenaari ‘Baɗte ɓurɗe teeŋtude’ e nder njeenaari nguura Observer.
2019 : O rokkaama njeenaari laamɗo debbo ngam golle makko e dow yarlitaare.
Tuugnorgal</text>
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      <id>112934</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-19T08:42:04Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="1346" sha1="158folj9ivm4bnv9hmt2z4de2vux9e2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Nishkam SWAT (Punjabi: ਨਿਸ਼ਕਾਮ ਸਵਾਤ) ko fedde Sikh en wallitnde ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leydi Indiya, Arjantiin e leydi Biritaan.

Niskam ko golle SWAT Nishkam SWAT fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2008 e juuɗe sosɗo fedde ballal Randeep Lall e gila ndeen nde mawni haa nde rokki 4000 nyaamdu wonande ɓe ngalaa galleeji kala yontere.

Sadak mo alaa koɗorɗe ina hokka nyaamdu e nder gure keewɗe ɗe Engele ina jeyaa heen London, Reading, Oxford, Bristol, e Luton e yimɓe wallitooɓe ina jeyaa heen janngooɓe e terɗe renndo hakkunde diineeji.

Sadak oo sosaa ko e dow mbaydi Langar ndi Guru Nanak fuɗɗii, ko kañum woni sadak gadano ƴettude Langar e laabi..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Guardian|first=Source: The|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/video/2018/oct/22/the-sikh-charity-that-feeds-the-homeless-across-the-uk-video|title=The Sikh charity that feeds the homeless across the UK- video|date=2018-10-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-28|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder rafi COVID-19 ɓe ngollodii e NHS, laamu e wasiyaaji safaara ngam jokkude rokkude ñamri ndi ɓe ngalaa galleeji.

Njeenaaje e njeenaari 2018 : O rokkaama njeenaari ‘Baɗte ɓurɗe teeŋtude’ e nder njeenaari nguura Observer. 2019 : O rokkaama njeenaari laamɗo debbo ngam golle makko e dow yarlitaare. Tuugnorgal</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="1522" sha1="1l21scwn5dbo0qvdsldpclgujeekhr5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Nishkam SWAT (Punjabi: ਨਿਸ਼ਕਾਮ ਸਵਾਤ) ko fedde Sikh en wallitnde ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leydi Indiya, Arjantiin e leydi Biritaan.

Niskam ko golle SWAT Nishkam SWAT fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2008 e juuɗe sosɗo fedde ballal Randeep Lall e gila ndeen nde mawni haa nde rokki 4000 nyaamdu wonande ɓe ngalaa galleeji kala yontere.

Sadak mo alaa koɗorɗe ina hokka nyaamdu e nder gure keewɗe ɗe Engele ina jeyaa heen London, Reading, Oxford, Bristol, e Luton e yimɓe wallitooɓe ina jeyaa heen janngooɓe e terɗe renndo hakkunde diineeji.

Sadak oo sosaa ko e dow mbaydi Langar ndi Guru Nanak fuɗɗii, ko kañum woni sadak gadano ƴettude Langar e laabi..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Guardian|first=Source: The|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/video/2018/oct/22/the-sikh-charity-that-feeds-the-homeless-across-the-uk-video|title=The Sikh charity that feeds the homeless across the UK- video|date=2018-10-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-28|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZmYx5DYGzc|title=Sikh charity feeding homeless people in London|last=|first=|date=|website=BBC London|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder rafi COVID-19 ɓe ngollodii e NHS, laamu e wasiyaaji safaara ngam jokkude rokkude ñamri ndi ɓe ngalaa galleeji.

Njeenaaje e njeenaari 2018 : O rokkaama njeenaari ‘Baɗte ɓurɗe teeŋtude’ e nder njeenaari nguura Observer. 2019 : O rokkaama njeenaari laamɗo debbo ngam golle makko e dow yarlitaare. Tuugnorgal</text>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="1812" sha1="t8gh8wh8ddzqg1v666b6fxhmy3qgcjm" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Nishkam SWAT (Punjabi: ਨਿਸ਼ਕਾਮ ਸਵਾਤ) ko fedde Sikh en wallitnde ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leydi Indiya, Arjantiin e leydi Biritaan.

Niskam ko golle SWAT Nishkam SWAT fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2008 e juuɗe sosɗo fedde ballal Randeep Lall e gila ndeen nde mawni haa nde rokki 4000 nyaamdu wonande ɓe ngalaa galleeji kala yontere.

Sadak mo alaa koɗorɗe ina hokka nyaamdu e nder gure keewɗe ɗe Engele ina jeyaa heen London, Reading, Oxford, Bristol, e Luton e yimɓe wallitooɓe ina jeyaa heen janngooɓe e terɗe renndo hakkunde diineeji.

Sadak oo sosaa ko e dow mbaydi Langar ndi Guru Nanak fuɗɗii, ko kañum woni sadak gadano ƴettude Langar e laabi..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Guardian|first=Source: The|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/video/2018/oct/22/the-sikh-charity-that-feeds-the-homeless-across-the-uk-video|title=The Sikh charity that feeds the homeless across the UK- video|date=2018-10-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-28|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZmYx5DYGzc|title=Sikh charity feeding homeless people in London|last=|first=|date=|website=BBC London|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/homeless-charity-pledges-continue-help-17928671|title=Homeless charity pledges to help those in need throughout pandemic|last=Chamberlain|first=Zoe|date=2020-03-16|website=Birmingham Mail|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder rafi COVID-19 ɓe ngollodii e NHS, laamu e wasiyaaji safaara ngam jokkude rokkude ñamri ndi ɓe ngalaa galleeji.

Njeenaaje e njeenaari 2018 : O rokkaama njeenaari ‘Baɗte ɓurɗe teeŋtude’ e nder njeenaari nguura Observer. 2019 : O rokkaama njeenaari laamɗo debbo ngam golle makko e dow yarlitaare. Tuugnorgal</text>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="2091" sha1="7mn61br4sr7vwr6wdecl6npdhcyx3w0" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Nishkam SWAT (Punjabi: ਨਿਸ਼ਕਾਮ ਸਵਾਤ) ko fedde Sikh en wallitnde ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leydi Indiya, Arjantiin e leydi Biritaan.

Niskam ko golle SWAT Nishkam SWAT fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2008 e juuɗe sosɗo fedde ballal Randeep Lall e gila ndeen nde mawni haa nde rokki 4000 nyaamdu wonande ɓe ngalaa galleeji kala yontere.

Sadak mo alaa koɗorɗe ina hokka nyaamdu e nder gure keewɗe ɗe Engele ina jeyaa heen London, Reading, Oxford, Bristol, e Luton e yimɓe wallitooɓe ina jeyaa heen janngooɓe e terɗe renndo hakkunde diineeji.

Sadak oo sosaa ko e dow mbaydi Langar ndi Guru Nanak fuɗɗii, ko kañum woni sadak gadano ƴettude Langar e laabi..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Guardian|first=Source: The|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/video/2018/oct/22/the-sikh-charity-that-feeds-the-homeless-across-the-uk-video|title=The Sikh charity that feeds the homeless across the UK- video|date=2018-10-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-28|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZmYx5DYGzc|title=Sikh charity feeding homeless people in London|last=|first=|date=|website=BBC London|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/homeless-charity-pledges-continue-help-17928671|title=Homeless charity pledges to help those in need throughout pandemic|last=Chamberlain|first=Zoe|date=2020-03-16|website=Birmingham Mail|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilfordrecorder.co.uk/news/redbridge-mayor-visits-nishkam-swat-ilford-1-6344969|title=Mayor joins Ilford homeless charity to serve free meals to community|last=Braddick|first=Imogen|website=Ilford Recorder|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder rafi COVID-19 ɓe ngollodii e NHS, laamu e wasiyaaji safaara ngam jokkude rokkude ñamri ndi ɓe ngalaa galleeji.

Njeenaaje e njeenaari 2018 : O rokkaama njeenaari ‘Baɗte ɓurɗe teeŋtude’ e nder njeenaari nguura Observer. 2019 : O rokkaama njeenaari laamɗo debbo ngam golle makko e dow yarlitaare. Tuugnorgal</text>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="2346" sha1="4zsjyvpw3bdr2e4ii1yye4b7s3qw9rf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Nishkam SWAT (Punjabi: ਨਿਸ਼ਕਾਮ ਸਵਾਤ) ko fedde Sikh en wallitnde ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leydi Indiya, Arjantiin e leydi Biritaan.

Niskam ko golle SWAT Nishkam SWAT fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2008 e juuɗe sosɗo fedde ballal Randeep Lall e gila ndeen nde mawni haa nde rokki 4000 nyaamdu wonande ɓe ngalaa galleeji kala yontere.

Sadak mo alaa koɗorɗe ina hokka nyaamdu e nder gure keewɗe ɗe Engele ina jeyaa heen London, Reading, Oxford, Bristol, e Luton e yimɓe wallitooɓe ina jeyaa heen janngooɓe e terɗe renndo hakkunde diineeji.

Sadak oo sosaa ko e dow mbaydi Langar ndi Guru Nanak fuɗɗii, ko kañum woni sadak gadano ƴettude Langar e laabi..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Guardian|first=Source: The|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/video/2018/oct/22/the-sikh-charity-that-feeds-the-homeless-across-the-uk-video|title=The Sikh charity that feeds the homeless across the UK- video|date=2018-10-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-28|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZmYx5DYGzc|title=Sikh charity feeding homeless people in London|last=|first=|date=|website=BBC London|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/homeless-charity-pledges-continue-help-17928671|title=Homeless charity pledges to help those in need throughout pandemic|last=Chamberlain|first=Zoe|date=2020-03-16|website=Birmingham Mail|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilfordrecorder.co.uk/news/redbridge-mayor-visits-nishkam-swat-ilford-1-6344969|title=Mayor joins Ilford homeless charity to serve free meals to community|last=Braddick|first=Imogen|website=Ilford Recorder|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/reading-soup-kitchen-volunteers-to-spend-a-night-sleeping-on-the-streets/|title=Soup kitchen volunteers to sleep rough in Reading|date=2018-04-02|website=InYourArea.co.uk|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder rafi COVID-19 ɓe ngollodii e NHS, laamu e wasiyaaji safaara ngam jokkude rokkude ñamri ndi ɓe ngalaa galleeji.

Njeenaaje e njeenaari 2018 : O rokkaama njeenaari ‘Baɗte ɓurɗe teeŋtude’ e nder njeenaari nguura Observer. 2019 : O rokkaama njeenaari laamɗo debbo ngam golle makko e dow yarlitaare. Tuugnorgal</text>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="2609" sha1="d0bftmyn0og75fln7mg5bt3kc1i5eke" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Nishkam SWAT (Punjabi: ਨਿਸ਼ਕਾਮ ਸਵਾਤ) ko fedde Sikh en wallitnde ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leydi Indiya, Arjantiin e leydi Biritaan.

Niskam ko golle SWAT Nishkam SWAT fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2008 e juuɗe sosɗo fedde ballal Randeep Lall e gila ndeen nde mawni haa nde rokki 4000 nyaamdu wonande ɓe ngalaa galleeji kala yontere.

Sadak mo alaa koɗorɗe ina hokka nyaamdu e nder gure keewɗe ɗe Engele ina jeyaa heen London, Reading, Oxford, Bristol, e Luton e yimɓe wallitooɓe ina jeyaa heen janngooɓe e terɗe renndo hakkunde diineeji.

Sadak oo sosaa ko e dow mbaydi Langar ndi Guru Nanak fuɗɗii, ko kañum woni sadak gadano ƴettude Langar e laabi..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Guardian|first=Source: The|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/video/2018/oct/22/the-sikh-charity-that-feeds-the-homeless-across-the-uk-video|title=The Sikh charity that feeds the homeless across the UK- video|date=2018-10-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-28|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZmYx5DYGzc|title=Sikh charity feeding homeless people in London|last=|first=|date=|website=BBC London|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/homeless-charity-pledges-continue-help-17928671|title=Homeless charity pledges to help those in need throughout pandemic|last=Chamberlain|first=Zoe|date=2020-03-16|website=Birmingham Mail|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilfordrecorder.co.uk/news/redbridge-mayor-visits-nishkam-swat-ilford-1-6344969|title=Mayor joins Ilford homeless charity to serve free meals to community|last=Braddick|first=Imogen|website=Ilford Recorder|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/reading-soup-kitchen-volunteers-to-spend-a-night-sleeping-on-the-streets/|title=Soup kitchen volunteers to sleep rough in Reading|date=2018-04-02|website=InYourArea.co.uk|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/15031035.team-sikhs-spread-kindness-warmth-care-citys-homeless/|title=A team of Sikhs spread kindness and warmth as they care for city's homeless|website=Oxford Mail|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E nder rafi COVID-19 ɓe ngollodii e NHS, laamu e wasiyaaji safaara ngam jokkude rokkude ñamri ndi ɓe ngalaa galleeji.

Njeenaaje e njeenaari 2018 : O rokkaama njeenaari ‘Baɗte ɓurɗe teeŋtude’ e nder njeenaari nguura Observer. 2019 : O rokkaama njeenaari laamɗo debbo ngam golle makko e dow yarlitaare. Tuugnorgal</text>
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        <id>10103</id>
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      <text bytes="2817" sha1="av43k82l0alfhq6pn0wempr8av0n9br" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Nishkam SWAT (Punjabi: ਨਿਸ਼ਕਾਮ ਸਵਾਤ) ko fedde Sikh en wallitnde ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leydi Indiya, Arjantiin e leydi Biritaan.

Niskam ko golle SWAT Nishkam SWAT fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2008 e juuɗe sosɗo fedde ballal Randeep Lall e gila ndeen nde mawni haa nde rokki 4000 nyaamdu wonande ɓe ngalaa galleeji kala yontere.

Sadak mo alaa koɗorɗe ina hokka nyaamdu e nder gure keewɗe ɗe Engele ina jeyaa heen London, Reading, Oxford, Bristol, e Luton e yimɓe wallitooɓe ina jeyaa heen janngooɓe e terɗe renndo hakkunde diineeji.

Sadak oo sosaa ko e dow mbaydi Langar ndi Guru Nanak fuɗɗii, ko kañum woni sadak gadano ƴettude Langar e laabi..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Guardian|first=Source: The|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/video/2018/oct/22/the-sikh-charity-that-feeds-the-homeless-across-the-uk-video|title=The Sikh charity that feeds the homeless across the UK- video|date=2018-10-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-28|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZmYx5DYGzc|title=Sikh charity feeding homeless people in London|last=|first=|date=|website=BBC London|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/homeless-charity-pledges-continue-help-17928671|title=Homeless charity pledges to help those in need throughout pandemic|last=Chamberlain|first=Zoe|date=2020-03-16|website=Birmingham Mail|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilfordrecorder.co.uk/news/redbridge-mayor-visits-nishkam-swat-ilford-1-6344969|title=Mayor joins Ilford homeless charity to serve free meals to community|last=Braddick|first=Imogen|website=Ilford Recorder|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/reading-soup-kitchen-volunteers-to-spend-a-night-sleeping-on-the-streets/|title=Soup kitchen volunteers to sleep rough in Reading|date=2018-04-02|website=InYourArea.co.uk|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/15031035.team-sikhs-spread-kindness-warmth-care-citys-homeless/|title=A team of Sikhs spread kindness and warmth as they care for city's homeless|website=Oxford Mail|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04njxw2|title=BBC Radio Oxford - Sophie Law, Sikh Welfare Awareness Team + social housing myths|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E nder rafi COVID-19 ɓe ngollodii e NHS, laamu e wasiyaaji safaara ngam jokkude rokkude ñamri ndi ɓe ngalaa galleeji.

Njeenaaje e njeenaari 2018 : O rokkaama njeenaari ‘Baɗte ɓurɗe teeŋtude’ e nder njeenaari nguura Observer. 2019 : O rokkaama njeenaari laamɗo debbo ngam golle makko e dow yarlitaare. Tuugnorgal</text>
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        <id>10103</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="3058" sha1="rc16du8ofbmleror8d1cqu424f5udij" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Nishkam SWAT (Punjabi: ਨਿਸ਼ਕਾਮ ਸਵਾਤ) ko fedde Sikh en wallitnde ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leydi Indiya, Arjantiin e leydi Biritaan.

Niskam ko golle SWAT Nishkam SWAT fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2008 e juuɗe sosɗo fedde ballal Randeep Lall e gila ndeen nde mawni haa nde rokki 4000 nyaamdu wonande ɓe ngalaa galleeji kala yontere.

Sadak mo alaa koɗorɗe ina hokka nyaamdu e nder gure keewɗe ɗe Engele ina jeyaa heen London, Reading, Oxford, Bristol, e Luton e yimɓe wallitooɓe ina jeyaa heen janngooɓe e terɗe renndo hakkunde diineeji.

Sadak oo sosaa ko e dow mbaydi Langar ndi Guru Nanak fuɗɗii, ko kañum woni sadak gadano ƴettude Langar e laabi..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Guardian|first=Source: The|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/video/2018/oct/22/the-sikh-charity-that-feeds-the-homeless-across-the-uk-video|title=The Sikh charity that feeds the homeless across the UK- video|date=2018-10-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-28|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZmYx5DYGzc|title=Sikh charity feeding homeless people in London|last=|first=|date=|website=BBC London|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/homeless-charity-pledges-continue-help-17928671|title=Homeless charity pledges to help those in need throughout pandemic|last=Chamberlain|first=Zoe|date=2020-03-16|website=Birmingham Mail|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilfordrecorder.co.uk/news/redbridge-mayor-visits-nishkam-swat-ilford-1-6344969|title=Mayor joins Ilford homeless charity to serve free meals to community|last=Braddick|first=Imogen|website=Ilford Recorder|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/reading-soup-kitchen-volunteers-to-spend-a-night-sleeping-on-the-streets/|title=Soup kitchen volunteers to sleep rough in Reading|date=2018-04-02|website=InYourArea.co.uk|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/15031035.team-sikhs-spread-kindness-warmth-care-citys-homeless/|title=A team of Sikhs spread kindness and warmth as they care for city's homeless|website=Oxford Mail|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04njxw2|title=BBC Radio Oxford - Sophie Law, Sikh Welfare Awareness Team + social housing myths|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Voluntary charity launches free community kitchen in Luton|url=https://www.lutontoday.co.uk/news/people/voluntary-charity-launches-free-community-kitchen-in-luton-3377100|website=www.lutontoday.co.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E nder rafi COVID-19 ɓe ngollodii e NHS, laamu e wasiyaaji safaara ngam jokkude rokkude ñamri ndi ɓe ngalaa galleeji.

Njeenaaje e njeenaari 2018 : O rokkaama njeenaari ‘Baɗte ɓurɗe teeŋtude’ e nder njeenaari nguura Observer. 2019 : O rokkaama njeenaari laamɗo debbo ngam golle makko e dow yarlitaare. Tuugnorgal</text>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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      <text bytes="3332" sha1="g9h9qwy7n9shz846bbqu570bik2m9iu" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Nishkam SWAT (Punjabi: ਨਿਸ਼ਕਾਮ ਸਵਾਤ) ko fedde Sikh en wallitnde ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leydi Indiya, Arjantiin e leydi Biritaan.

Niskam ko golle SWAT Nishkam SWAT fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2008 e juuɗe sosɗo fedde ballal Randeep Lall e gila ndeen nde mawni haa nde rokki 4000 nyaamdu wonande ɓe ngalaa galleeji kala yontere.

Sadak mo alaa koɗorɗe ina hokka nyaamdu e nder gure keewɗe ɗe Engele ina jeyaa heen London, Reading, Oxford, Bristol, e Luton e yimɓe wallitooɓe ina jeyaa heen janngooɓe e terɗe renndo hakkunde diineeji.

Sadak oo sosaa ko e dow mbaydi Langar ndi Guru Nanak fuɗɗii, ko kañum woni sadak gadano ƴettude Langar e laabi..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Guardian|first=Source: The|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/video/2018/oct/22/the-sikh-charity-that-feeds-the-homeless-across-the-uk-video|title=The Sikh charity that feeds the homeless across the UK- video|date=2018-10-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-28|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZmYx5DYGzc|title=Sikh charity feeding homeless people in London|last=|first=|date=|website=BBC London|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/homeless-charity-pledges-continue-help-17928671|title=Homeless charity pledges to help those in need throughout pandemic|last=Chamberlain|first=Zoe|date=2020-03-16|website=Birmingham Mail|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilfordrecorder.co.uk/news/redbridge-mayor-visits-nishkam-swat-ilford-1-6344969|title=Mayor joins Ilford homeless charity to serve free meals to community|last=Braddick|first=Imogen|website=Ilford Recorder|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/reading-soup-kitchen-volunteers-to-spend-a-night-sleeping-on-the-streets/|title=Soup kitchen volunteers to sleep rough in Reading|date=2018-04-02|website=InYourArea.co.uk|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/15031035.team-sikhs-spread-kindness-warmth-care-citys-homeless/|title=A team of Sikhs spread kindness and warmth as they care for city's homeless|website=Oxford Mail|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04njxw2|title=BBC Radio Oxford - Sophie Law, Sikh Welfare Awareness Team + social housing myths|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Voluntary charity launches free community kitchen in Luton|url=https://www.lutontoday.co.uk/news/people/voluntary-charity-launches-free-community-kitchen-in-luton-3377100|website=www.lutontoday.co.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejc.com/community/community-extra/mitzvah-day-volunteers-serve-soup-to-the-needy-in-central-london-1.493200|title=Indian Jewish Association joins forces with Sikh charity|last=|first=|date=|website=The Jewish Chronicle|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E nder rafi COVID-19 ɓe ngollodii e NHS, laamu e wasiyaaji safaara ngam jokkude rokkude ñamri ndi ɓe ngalaa galleeji.

Njeenaaje e njeenaari 2018 : O rokkaama njeenaari ‘Baɗte ɓurɗe teeŋtude’ e nder njeenaari nguura Observer. 2019 : O rokkaama njeenaari laamɗo debbo ngam golle makko e dow yarlitaare. Tuugnorgal</text>
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        <id>10103</id>
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      <text bytes="3556" sha1="7ijun56ysmsxxasyarb2ax68olql9we" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Nishkam SWAT (Punjabi: ਨਿਸ਼ਕਾਮ ਸਵਾਤ) ko fedde Sikh en wallitnde ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leydi Indiya, Arjantiin e leydi Biritaan.

Niskam ko golle SWAT Nishkam SWAT fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2008 e juuɗe sosɗo fedde ballal Randeep Lall e gila ndeen nde mawni haa nde rokki 4000 nyaamdu wonande ɓe ngalaa galleeji kala yontere.

Sadak mo alaa koɗorɗe ina hokka nyaamdu e nder gure keewɗe ɗe Engele ina jeyaa heen London, Reading, Oxford, Bristol, e Luton e yimɓe wallitooɓe ina jeyaa heen janngooɓe e terɗe renndo hakkunde diineeji.

Sadak oo sosaa ko e dow mbaydi Langar ndi Guru Nanak fuɗɗii, ko kañum woni sadak gadano ƴettude Langar e laabi..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Guardian|first=Source: The|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/video/2018/oct/22/the-sikh-charity-that-feeds-the-homeless-across-the-uk-video|title=The Sikh charity that feeds the homeless across the UK- video|date=2018-10-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-28|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZmYx5DYGzc|title=Sikh charity feeding homeless people in London|last=|first=|date=|website=BBC London|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/homeless-charity-pledges-continue-help-17928671|title=Homeless charity pledges to help those in need throughout pandemic|last=Chamberlain|first=Zoe|date=2020-03-16|website=Birmingham Mail|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilfordrecorder.co.uk/news/redbridge-mayor-visits-nishkam-swat-ilford-1-6344969|title=Mayor joins Ilford homeless charity to serve free meals to community|last=Braddick|first=Imogen|website=Ilford Recorder|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/reading-soup-kitchen-volunteers-to-spend-a-night-sleeping-on-the-streets/|title=Soup kitchen volunteers to sleep rough in Reading|date=2018-04-02|website=InYourArea.co.uk|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/15031035.team-sikhs-spread-kindness-warmth-care-citys-homeless/|title=A team of Sikhs spread kindness and warmth as they care for city's homeless|website=Oxford Mail|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04njxw2|title=BBC Radio Oxford - Sophie Law, Sikh Welfare Awareness Team + social housing myths|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Voluntary charity launches free community kitchen in Luton|url=https://www.lutontoday.co.uk/news/people/voluntary-charity-launches-free-community-kitchen-in-luton-3377100|website=www.lutontoday.co.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejc.com/community/community-extra/mitzvah-day-volunteers-serve-soup-to-the-needy-in-central-london-1.493200|title=Indian Jewish Association joins forces with Sikh charity|last=|first=|date=|website=The Jewish Chronicle|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-31557192|title=Why homeless Britons are turning to the Sikh community for food|date=2015-02-22|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-04-15|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E nder rafi COVID-19 ɓe ngollodii e NHS, laamu e wasiyaaji safaara ngam jokkude rokkude ñamri ndi ɓe ngalaa galleeji.

Njeenaaje e njeenaari 2018 : O rokkaama njeenaari ‘Baɗte ɓurɗe teeŋtude’ e nder njeenaari nguura Observer. 2019 : O rokkaama njeenaari laamɗo debbo ngam golle makko e dow yarlitaare. Tuugnorgal</text>
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        <id>10103</id>
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      <comment>#1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref</comment>
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      <text bytes="3850" sha1="f5ph03kdkzl9ismbhuu0oqdy64k4eiv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Nishkam SWAT (Punjabi: ਨਿਸ਼ਕਾਮ ਸਵਾਤ) ko fedde Sikh en wallitnde ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leydi Indiya, Arjantiin e leydi Biritaan.

Niskam ko golle SWAT Nishkam SWAT fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 2008 e juuɗe sosɗo fedde ballal Randeep Lall e gila ndeen nde mawni haa nde rokki 4000 nyaamdu wonande ɓe ngalaa galleeji kala yontere.

Sadak mo alaa koɗorɗe ina hokka nyaamdu e nder gure keewɗe ɗe Engele ina jeyaa heen London, Reading, Oxford, Bristol, e Luton e yimɓe wallitooɓe ina jeyaa heen janngooɓe e terɗe renndo hakkunde diineeji.

Sadak oo sosaa ko e dow mbaydi Langar ndi Guru Nanak fuɗɗii, ko kañum woni sadak gadano ƴettude Langar e laabi..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Guardian|first=Source: The|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/video/2018/oct/22/the-sikh-charity-that-feeds-the-homeless-across-the-uk-video|title=The Sikh charity that feeds the homeless across the UK- video|date=2018-10-22|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-28|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZmYx5DYGzc|title=Sikh charity feeding homeless people in London|last=|first=|date=|website=BBC London|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/midlands-news/homeless-charity-pledges-continue-help-17928671|title=Homeless charity pledges to help those in need throughout pandemic|last=Chamberlain|first=Zoe|date=2020-03-16|website=Birmingham Mail|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilfordrecorder.co.uk/news/redbridge-mayor-visits-nishkam-swat-ilford-1-6344969|title=Mayor joins Ilford homeless charity to serve free meals to community|last=Braddick|first=Imogen|website=Ilford Recorder|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.inyourarea.co.uk/news/reading-soup-kitchen-volunteers-to-spend-a-night-sleeping-on-the-streets/|title=Soup kitchen volunteers to sleep rough in Reading|date=2018-04-02|website=InYourArea.co.uk|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/15031035.team-sikhs-spread-kindness-warmth-care-citys-homeless/|title=A team of Sikhs spread kindness and warmth as they care for city's homeless|website=Oxford Mail|language=en|access-date=2020-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04njxw2|title=BBC Radio Oxford - Sophie Law, Sikh Welfare Awareness Team + social housing myths|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Voluntary charity launches free community kitchen in Luton|url=https://www.lutontoday.co.uk/news/people/voluntary-charity-launches-free-community-kitchen-in-luton-3377100|website=www.lutontoday.co.uk|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejc.com/community/community-extra/mitzvah-day-volunteers-serve-soup-to-the-needy-in-central-london-1.493200|title=Indian Jewish Association joins forces with Sikh charity|last=|first=|date=|website=The Jewish Chronicle|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-31557192|title=Why homeless Britons are turning to the Sikh community for food|date=2015-02-22|work=BBC News|access-date=2020-04-15|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishasianews.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=112939|title=London: NishkamSWAT - The first UK Sikh charity bags prestigious 'Queens Award'|last=UAE|first=britishasianews com, Abudhabi-|website=www.britishasianews.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

E nder rafi COVID-19 ɓe ngollodii e NHS, laamu e wasiyaaji safaara ngam jokkude rokkude ñamri ndi ɓe ngalaa galleeji.

Njeenaaje e njeenaari 2018 : O rokkaama njeenaari ‘Baɗte ɓurɗe teeŋtude’ e nder njeenaari nguura Observer. 2019 : O rokkaama njeenaari laamɗo debbo ngam golle makko e dow yarlitaare. Tuugnorgal</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Penny sit-up</title>
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      <text bytes="1741" sha1="98nugjh6e21m9ue8ozqqtb12ki0sstn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}The penny sit-up was one of the first homeless shelters in central London created for the people of Blackfriars. It was established during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The shelter was operated by The Salvation Army to provide support to its destitute clients.[1] What made this shelter unique was that in exchange for a penny, clients would be allowed to sit on a bench in a reasonably warm room all night. They were not allowed to lie down and sleep on the bench. A penny sit-up was the cheapest homeless shelter at that time. There were more expensive shelters available in London, such as a &quot;four penny coffin&quot;, where the clients were provided with a coffin-sized box so that they can sleep lying-down, and a &quot;two-penny hangover&quot;, in which clients were allowed to sleep on a bench in an upright position, with a rope to stop them falling over when as they slept.[citation needed]

By today's standards, the penny sit-up would be considered inadequate and callous. However, at the time it was considered a well-meaning, inexpensive, and compassionate attempt to deal with the recent explosion in homelessness caused by the rapid urbanisation of 19th century England. The Salvation Army believed these shelters provided relief from the harsh London winters and provided new followers of Christianity. Others, such as Professor Howard Sercombe of the University of Strathclyde, have argued that such institutions were more likely to have been designed to control the homeless, or at the very best were a compassionate response to the harsh &quot;moving on&quot; laws of the time, which made it illegal for people to remain vagrant upon the streets.[2][full citation needed]

See also
Homelessness in England
References</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>112946</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-19T09:01:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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      <text bytes="1738" sha1="h7xxhqv6wij2yvkw2fe6321fo3qbwpg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}The penny sit-up was one of the first homeless shelters in central London created for the people of Blackfriars. It was established during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The shelter was operated by The Salvation Army to provide support to its destitute clients. What made this shelter unique was that in exchange for a penny, clients would be allowed to sit on a bench in a reasonably warm room all night. They were not allowed to lie down and sleep on the bench. A penny sit-up was the cheapest homeless shelter at that time. There were more expensive shelters available in London, such as a &quot;four penny coffin&quot;, where the clients were provided with a coffin-sized box so that they can sleep lying-down, and a &quot;two-penny hangover&quot;, in which clients were allowed to sleep on a bench in an upright position, with a rope to stop them falling over when as they slept.[citation needed]

By today's standards, the penny sit-up would be considered inadequate and callous. However, at the time it was considered a well-meaning, inexpensive, and compassionate attempt to deal with the recent explosion in homelessness caused by the rapid urbanisation of 19th century England. The Salvation Army believed these shelters provided relief from the harsh London winters and provided new followers of Christianity. Others, such as Professor Howard Sercombe of the University of Strathclyde, have argued that such institutions were more likely to have been designed to control the homeless, or at the very best were a compassionate response to the harsh &quot;moving on&quot; laws of the time, which made it illegal for people to remain vagrant upon the streets.[2][full citation needed]

See also
Homelessness in England
References</text>
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      <id>112947</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-19T09:06:12Z</timestamp>
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Sit-up penny ina jeyaa e cuuɗi gadani ɗi ngalaa galleeji e nder caka Londres, ɗi sosaa ngam yimɓe Blackfriars. Nde sosaa ko e darorɗe teeminannde sappo e jeenayɓiire e puɗal teeminannde noogasɓiire. Ko The Salvation Army huutortoo nokku oo ngam wallitde kiliyaneeɓe mum waasɓe. Ko addani ndeeɗoo hoɗorde wonde keeriiɗo, ko e waylude penndi, kiliyaneeɓe ina mbaawi jooɗaade e dow becce e nder suudu ɓuuɓndu no feewi jamma fof. Ɓe njaɓaaka lelnude e ɗaanaade dow becce. Sit-up penny ko nokku ɓurɗo hoybude e hoɗorde nde alaa koɗorɗe e oon sahaa. Wonno ko cuuɗi ɓurɗi yaajde ina tawee e Londres, ko wayi no &quot;kaaƴe penny nay&quot;, ɗo kiliyaneeɓe ɓee ndokketee kees mo njaajeendi mum tolnii e kaɓirgal ngam waawde ɗaanaade ina lelna, e &quot;hangover penny ɗiɗi&quot;, ɗo kiliyaneeɓe ɓee njaɓata ɗaanaade e dow becce e nder mbaydi tiiɗndi, tawa ina njogii ɓoggol ngam dartinde ɗum en.

So en ƴeewii hannde, jooɗaade penndi ina jogori siforeede ko ŋakki e ko ŋakki. Kono e oon sahaa, ɗum hiisetee ko eɓɓoore moƴƴere, nde alaa ko yowitii e mum, nde yurmeende mum alaa, ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende nguura ko ɓooyaani koo, sabu urbanisaasiyoŋ jaawɗo e nder Angalteer e teeminannde 19ɓiire. Konu Salvation Army ina sikki ɗeen cuuɗi ina ndokka ballal e nder ndunngu nguu, ina ndokka almudɓe kesi diine kerecee en. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no porfeseer Howard Sercombe mo duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Strathclyde, mbiyi wonde ɗeen juɓɓule ɓuri waawde huutoreede ko ngam haɓaade ɓe ngalaa galleeji, walla so tawii ko ɓuri moƴƴude ko jaabawol yurmeende e sariyaaji &quot;moving on&quot; tiiɗɗi e oon sahaa, ɗi mbaɗti wonde ko huunde nde sariya haɗi yimɓe heddaade e njilluuji e dow laabi. [citation timmuɗo ina haani]

Ƴeew kadi
Koɗki to leydi Angalteer
Tuugnorgal</text>
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Sit-up penny ina jeyaa e cuuɗi gadani ɗi ngalaa galleeji e nder caka Londres, ɗi sosaa ngam yimɓe Blackfriars. Nde sosaa ko e darorɗe teeminannde sappo e jeenayɓiire e puɗal teeminannde noogasɓiire. Ko The Salvation Army huutortoo nokku oo ngam wallitde kiliyaneeɓe mum waasɓe. Ko addani ndeeɗoo hoɗorde wonde keeriiɗo, ko e waylude penndi, kiliyaneeɓe ina mbaawi jooɗaade e dow becce e nder suudu ɓuuɓndu no feewi jamma fof. Ɓe njaɓaaka lelnude e ɗaanaade dow becce. Sit-up penny ko nokku ɓurɗo hoybude e hoɗorde nde alaa koɗorɗe e oon sahaa. Wonno ko cuuɗi ɓurɗi yaajde ina tawee e Londres, ko wayi no &quot;kaaƴe penny nay&quot;, ɗo kiliyaneeɓe ɓee ndokketee kees mo njaajeendi mum tolnii e kaɓirgal ngam waawde ɗaanaade ina lelna, e &quot;hangover penny ɗiɗi&quot;, ɗo kiliyaneeɓe ɓee njaɓata ɗaanaade e dow becce e nder mbaydi tiiɗndi, tawa ina njogii ɓoggol ngam dartinde ɗum en.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|editor-last=Sims|editor-first=George R.|year=1906|title=Living London: Its Work and Its Play, Its Humour and Its Pathos, Its Sights and Its Scenes|publisher=Cassell|volume=1|pages=334, 337}}&lt;/ref&gt;

So en ƴeewii hannde, jooɗaade penndi ina jogori siforeede ko ŋakki e ko ŋakki. Kono e oon sahaa, ɗum hiisetee ko eɓɓoore moƴƴere, nde alaa ko yowitii e mum, nde yurmeende mum alaa, ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende nguura ko ɓooyaani koo, sabu urbanisaasiyoŋ jaawɗo e nder Angalteer e teeminannde 19ɓiire. Konu Salvation Army ina sikki ɗeen cuuɗi ina ndokka ballal e nder ndunngu nguu, ina ndokka almudɓe kesi diine kerecee en. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no porfeseer Howard Sercombe mo duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Strathclyde, mbiyi wonde ɗeen juɓɓule ɓuri waawde huutoreede ko ngam haɓaade ɓe ngalaa galleeji, walla so tawii ko ɓuri moƴƴude ko jaabawol yurmeende e sariyaaji &quot;moving on&quot; tiiɗɗi e oon sahaa, ɗi mbaɗti wonde ko huunde nde sariya haɗi yimɓe heddaade e njilluuji e dow laabi. [citation timmuɗo ina haani]

Ƴeew kadi
Koɗki to leydi Angalteer
Tuugnorgal</text>
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Sit-up penny ina jeyaa e cuuɗi gadani ɗi ngalaa galleeji e nder caka Londres, ɗi sosaa ngam yimɓe Blackfriars. Nde sosaa ko e darorɗe teeminannde sappo e jeenayɓiire e puɗal teeminannde noogasɓiire. Ko The Salvation Army huutortoo nokku oo ngam wallitde kiliyaneeɓe mum waasɓe. Ko addani ndeeɗoo hoɗorde wonde keeriiɗo, ko e waylude penndi, kiliyaneeɓe ina mbaawi jooɗaade e dow becce e nder suudu ɓuuɓndu no feewi jamma fof. Ɓe njaɓaaka lelnude e ɗaanaade dow becce. Sit-up penny ko nokku ɓurɗo hoybude e hoɗorde nde alaa koɗorɗe e oon sahaa. Wonno ko cuuɗi ɓurɗi yaajde ina tawee e Londres, ko wayi no &quot;kaaƴe penny nay&quot;, ɗo kiliyaneeɓe ɓee ndokketee kees mo njaajeendi mum tolnii e kaɓirgal ngam waawde ɗaanaade ina lelna, e &quot;hangover penny ɗiɗi&quot;, ɗo kiliyaneeɓe ɓee njaɓata ɗaanaade e dow becce e nder mbaydi tiiɗndi, tawa ina njogii ɓoggol ngam dartinde ɗum en.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|editor-last=Sims|editor-first=George R.|year=1906|title=Living London: Its Work and Its Play, Its Humour and Its Pathos, Its Sights and Its Scenes|publisher=Cassell|volume=1|pages=334, 337}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Youth studies journal of Australia&lt;/ref&gt;

So en ƴeewii hannde, jooɗaade penndi ina jogori siforeede ko ŋakki e ko ŋakki. Kono e oon sahaa, ɗum hiisetee ko eɓɓoore moƴƴere, nde alaa ko yowitii e mum, nde yurmeende mum alaa, ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende nguura ko ɓooyaani koo, sabu urbanisaasiyoŋ jaawɗo e nder Angalteer e teeminannde 19ɓiire. Konu Salvation Army ina sikki ɗeen cuuɗi ina ndokka ballal e nder ndunngu nguu, ina ndokka almudɓe kesi diine kerecee en. Woɗɓe, ko wayi no porfeseer Howard Sercombe mo duɗal jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Strathclyde, mbiyi wonde ɗeen juɓɓule ɓuri waawde huutoreede ko ngam haɓaade ɓe ngalaa galleeji, walla so tawii ko ɓuri moƴƴude ko jaabawol yurmeende e sariyaaji &quot;moving on&quot; tiiɗɗi e oon sahaa, ɗi mbaɗti wonde ko huunde nde sariya haɗi yimɓe heddaade e njilluuji e dow laabi. [citation timmuɗo ina haani]

Ƴeew kadi
Koɗki to leydi Angalteer
Tuugnorgal</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Point-In-Time Count</title>
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      <text bytes="1986" sha1="dtk9mlqlhtkkl6wpusfxna32efd8ma5" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Limre Toɓɓere-E-Wakkati

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Gila e Wikipedia, ansiklopiiji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi
Limre Point-in-Time, walla PIT Count, ko wiɗto hitaande kala wonande yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ngo gollorɗe nokkuuje biyeteeɗe Continuums of Care (CoCs) mbaɗata e innde Departemaa Ameriknaajo ko faati e koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro (HUD). HUD ina huutoroo doosɗe ummoraade e limtooji PIT ngam yuurnitaade nafoore golle gollorɗe nokkuuje ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende koɗki e anndude no foti kaalis wonande ɗum en, kadi ina moofta ɗeen doosɗe e nder Rajo Hitaande Ƴeewndo Koɗki, ngo Kongres rokkata. HUD ina siftina PIT ko &quot;limto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e ɓe ngalaa galleeji baɗeteeɗi e jamma gooto e nder balɗe 10 cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa walla e sahaa goɗɗo mo HUD yamiri.&quot;

PIT ina waɗi limto ƴeewndo e wiɗto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, gadanol ngol ngam tabitinde senngo tolno, ɗiɗmol ngol ngam hiisaade limoore yimɓe e nder cate ceertuɗe, ko wayi no veteran’en ɓe ngalaa galleeji walla sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.[

Laabi gollorɗi
Laabi ina ceerti seeɗa hakkunde CoCs, ngam newnude ɗum en e haajuuji mum en gooto gooto. Kono, e ko ɓuri heewde, PIT ina waɗi geɗe ɗiɗi : limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi e limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaɗata ko jamma gooto e nder balɗe sappo cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa. Limre hoɗɓe ina ɗaɓɓi e CoCs ngam mooftude humpitooji ummoraade e hoɗorɗe caɗtuɗe, galleeji gonɗi e mbayliigu, e nokkuuji kisal. Limre nde alaa ko woni e mum ndee ɓuri saɗtude nde tawnoo ina heewi wonde ko yimɓe wallitooɓe yahooɓe e nokkuuji ɗo ɓe cikkata yimɓe wonɓe e ŋakkeende hoɗorde ina mbaawi wonde (les jolɗe, kammu ekn). E nder daartol, limto PIT ngoo waɗiraa ko binndol e kaayitaaji, kono CoCs ina ɓeydoo huutoraade karallaagal kesal e analitik hono Hyperion e app mobiil Counting Us ngam weeɓtinde geɗe.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>112951</id>
      <parentid>112950</parentid>
      <timestamp>2025-06-19T09:15:09Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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      <text bytes="3468" sha1="9cgablabmesrlvg41946xlbs6eykz08" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Limre Toɓɓere-E-Wakkati

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Kujeji huwugo
Gila e Wikipedia, ansiklopiiji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi
Limre Point-in-Time, walla PIT Count, ko wiɗto hitaande kala wonande yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ngo gollorɗe nokkuuje biyeteeɗe Continuums of Care (CoCs) mbaɗata e innde Departemaa Ameriknaajo ko faati e koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro (HUD). HUD ina huutoroo doosɗe ummoraade e limtooji PIT ngam yuurnitaade nafoore golle gollorɗe nokkuuje ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende koɗki e anndude no foti kaalis wonande ɗum en, kadi ina moofta ɗeen doosɗe e nder Rajo Hitaande Ƴeewndo Koɗki, ngo Kongres rokkata. HUD ina siftina PIT ko &quot;limto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e ɓe ngalaa galleeji baɗeteeɗi e jamma gooto e nder balɗe 10 cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa walla e sahaa goɗɗo mo HUD yamiri.&quot;

PIT ina waɗi limto ƴeewndo e wiɗto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, gadanol ngol ngam tabitinde senngo tolno, ɗiɗmol ngol ngam hiisaade limoore yimɓe e nder cate ceertuɗe, ko wayi no veteran’en ɓe ngalaa galleeji walla sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.[

Laabi gollorɗi
Laabi ina ceerti seeɗa hakkunde CoCs, ngam newnude ɗum en e haajuuji mum en gooto gooto. Kono, e ko ɓuri heewde, PIT ina waɗi geɗe ɗiɗi : limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi e limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaɗata ko jamma gooto e nder balɗe sappo cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa. Limre hoɗɓe ina ɗaɓɓi e CoCs ngam mooftude humpitooji ummoraade e hoɗorɗe caɗtuɗe, galleeji gonɗi e mbayliigu, e nokkuuji kisal. Limre nde alaa ko woni e mum ndee ɓuri saɗtude nde tawnoo ina heewi wonde ko yimɓe wallitooɓe yahooɓe e nokkuuji ɗo ɓe cikkata yimɓe wonɓe e ŋakkeende hoɗorde ina mbaawi wonde (les jolɗe, kammu ekn). E nder daartol, limto PIT ngoo waɗiraa ko binndol e kaayitaaji, kono CoCs ina ɓeydoo huutoraade karallaagal kesal e analitik hono Hyperion e app mobiil Counting Us ngam weeɓtinde geɗe.Binnditagol hono ngol ina waawi ustude limgol yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu dalillaaji keewɗi. Binnditagol ngol ina waawi waasde hawrude e won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu ɓe mbaasa yahde ɗo ɓeen yimɓe ngoni ɗoo. Won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina mbaawi salaade wonde ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu hersa walla sabu hulde laamu nguu warde ɓe. Yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, ɓe ngoni ko e sofde (couch-surfing) e sahaa gooto, ina gasa tawa ngartataa e hakkillaaji binnditagol. So tawii binnditagol ngol waɗii ko juuti caggal nde ƴeewndorɗe ballal kaalis lewru kala njalti, won e yimɓe ɓe keewaani hoɗde ina mbaawi dañde koye mum en e sahaa gooto ; ina gasa tawa ɓe ɓuri waawde ƴettude ngalɗoo daawal ko e lebbi cooyɗi nde binnditagol toɓɓere ndee waɗata.

Risk ŋakkeende limto ina waawi ustaade no feewi e ɓeydagol huutoraade Siistemaaji humpitooji jowitiiɗi e ŋakkeende galleeji (HMIS) ngam heɓde humpitooji e yimɓe wonduɓe e ŋakkeende galleeji, jooɗiiɓe e nder cuuɗi cafrirɗi, cuuɗi gonɗi e nder galleeji, walla eɓɓooji kisal. Ndee ɗoo doosgal ina waawi timmineede e doosɗe mooftaaɗe e kuutorɗe portaabe ko wayi no Show The Way ngam waawde mooftude humpitooji e yimɓe wonɓe e caɗeele ɗe ngalaa koɗorɗe e nder hitaande ndee kala. So tawii ko e nder heen, doosɗe ummoriiɗe e ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ina mbaawi huutoreede ngam feewnude &quot;doggol inɗe&quot; laaɓtungol wonande kala mo alaa koɗorɗe e nder renndo e kala sahaa.

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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Kujeji huwugo
Gila e Wikipedia, ansiklopiiji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi
Limre Point-in-Time, walla PIT Count, ko wiɗto hitaande kala wonande yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ngo gollorɗe nokkuuje biyeteeɗe Continuums of Care (CoCs) mbaɗata e innde Departemaa Ameriknaajo ko faati e koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro (HUD). HUD ina huutoroo doosɗe ummoraade e limtooji PIT ngam yuurnitaade nafoore golle gollorɗe nokkuuje ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende koɗki e anndude no foti kaalis wonande ɗum en, kadi ina moofta ɗeen doosɗe e nder Rajo Hitaande Ƴeewndo Koɗki, ngo Kongres rokkata. HUD ina siftina PIT ko &quot;limto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e ɓe ngalaa galleeji baɗeteeɗi e jamma gooto e nder balɗe 10 cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa walla e sahaa goɗɗo mo HUD yamiri.&quot;

PIT ina waɗi limto ƴeewndo e wiɗto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, gadanol ngol ngam tabitinde senngo tolno, ɗiɗmol ngol ngam hiisaade limoore yimɓe e nder cate ceertuɗe, ko wayi no veteran’en ɓe ngalaa galleeji walla sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.[

Laabi gollorɗi
Laabi ina ceerti seeɗa hakkunde CoCs, ngam newnude ɗum en e haajuuji mum en gooto gooto. Kono, e ko ɓuri heewde, PIT ina waɗi geɗe ɗiɗi : limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi e limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaɗata ko jamma gooto e nder balɗe sappo cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa. Limre hoɗɓe ina ɗaɓɓi e CoCs ngam mooftude humpitooji ummoraade e hoɗorɗe caɗtuɗe, galleeji gonɗi e mbayliigu, e nokkuuji kisal. Limre nde alaa ko woni e mum ndee ɓuri saɗtude nde tawnoo ina heewi wonde ko yimɓe wallitooɓe yahooɓe e nokkuuji ɗo ɓe cikkata yimɓe wonɓe e ŋakkeende hoɗorde ina mbaawi wonde (les jolɗe, kammu ekn). E nder daartol, limto PIT ngoo waɗiraa ko binndol e kaayitaaji, kono CoCs ina ɓeydoo huutoraade karallaagal kesal e analitik hono Hyperion e app mobiil Counting Us ngam weeɓtinde geɗe.Binnditagol hono ngol ina waawi ustude limgol yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu dalillaaji keewɗi. Binnditagol ngol ina waawi waasde hawrude e won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu ɓe mbaasa yahde ɗo ɓeen yimɓe ngoni ɗoo. Won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina mbaawi salaade wonde ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu hersa walla sabu hulde laamu nguu warde ɓe. Yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, ɓe ngoni ko e sofde (couch-surfing) e sahaa gooto, ina gasa tawa ngartataa e hakkillaaji binnditagol. So tawii binnditagol ngol waɗii ko juuti caggal nde ƴeewndorɗe ballal kaalis lewru kala njalti, won e yimɓe ɓe keewaani hoɗde ina mbaawi dañde koye mum en e sahaa gooto ; ina gasa tawa ɓe ɓuri waawde ƴettude ngalɗoo daawal ko e lebbi cooyɗi nde binnditagol toɓɓere ndee waɗata.

Risk ŋakkeende limto ina waawi ustaade no feewi e ɓeydagol huutoraade Siistemaaji humpitooji jowitiiɗi e ŋakkeende galleeji (HMIS) ngam heɓde humpitooji e yimɓe wonduɓe e ŋakkeende galleeji, jooɗiiɓe e nder cuuɗi cafrirɗi, cuuɗi gonɗi e nder galleeji, walla eɓɓooji kisal. Ndee ɗoo doosgal ina waawi timmineede e doosɗe mooftaaɗe e kuutorɗe portaabe ko wayi no Show The Way ngam waawde mooftude humpitooji e yimɓe wonɓe e caɗeele ɗe ngalaa koɗorɗe e nder hitaande ndee kala. So tawii ko e nder heen, doosɗe ummoriiɗe e ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ina mbaawi huutoreede ngam feewnude &quot;doggol inɗe&quot; laaɓtungol wonande kala mo alaa koɗorɗe e nder renndo e kala sahaa..&lt;ref name=&quot;NLCHP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|title=Don't Count on It: How the HUD Point-in-Time Count Underestimates the Homelessness Crisis in America|date=2017|publisher=National Law Center on Homelessness &amp; Poverty|accessdate=August 1, 2019|archive-date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831172055/https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>112953</id>
      <parentid>112952</parentid>
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        <id>10103</id>
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      <text bytes="4378" sha1="r58gwgm1sj9xu6oa21hkw5cne3qvrjw" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Limre Toɓɓere-E-Wakkati

Ayaare Ngewte Jaangugo Waylu iwdi Yiytu daartol

Kujeji huwugo Gila e Wikipedia, ansiklopiiji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi Limre Point-in-Time, walla PIT Count, ko wiɗto hitaande kala wonande yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ngo gollorɗe nokkuuje biyeteeɗe Continuums of Care (CoCs) mbaɗata e innde Departemaa Ameriknaajo ko faati e koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro (HUD). HUD ina huutoroo doosɗe ummoraade e limtooji PIT ngam yuurnitaade nafoore golle gollorɗe nokkuuje ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende koɗki e anndude no foti kaalis wonande ɗum en, kadi ina moofta ɗeen doosɗe e nder Rajo Hitaande Ƴeewndo Koɗki, ngo Kongres rokkata. HUD ina siftina PIT ko &quot;limto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e ɓe ngalaa galleeji baɗeteeɗi e jamma gooto e nder balɗe 10 cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa walla e sahaa goɗɗo mo HUD yamiri.&quot;

PIT ina waɗi limto ƴeewndo e wiɗto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, gadanol ngol ngam tabitinde senngo tolno, ɗiɗmol ngol ngam hiisaade limoore yimɓe e nder cate ceertuɗe, ko wayi no veteran’en ɓe ngalaa galleeji walla sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.[

Laabi gollorɗi
Laabi ina ceerti seeɗa hakkunde CoCs, ngam newnude ɗum en e haajuuji mum en gooto gooto. Kono, e ko ɓuri heewde, PIT ina waɗi geɗe ɗiɗi : limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi e limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaɗata ko jamma gooto e nder balɗe sappo cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa. Limre hoɗɓe ina ɗaɓɓi e CoCs ngam mooftude humpitooji ummoraade e hoɗorɗe caɗtuɗe, galleeji gonɗi e mbayliigu, e nokkuuji kisal. Limre nde alaa ko woni e mum ndee ɓuri saɗtude nde tawnoo ina heewi wonde ko yimɓe wallitooɓe yahooɓe e nokkuuji ɗo ɓe cikkata yimɓe wonɓe e ŋakkeende hoɗorde ina mbaawi wonde (les jolɗe, kammu ekn). E nder daartol, limto PIT ngoo waɗiraa ko binndol e kaayitaaji, kono CoCs ina ɓeydoo huutoraade karallaagal kesal e analitik hono Hyperion e app mobiil Counting Us ngam weeɓtinde geɗe.Binnditagol hono ngol ina waawi ustude limgol yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu dalillaaji keewɗi. Binnditagol ngol ina waawi waasde hawrude e won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu ɓe mbaasa yahde ɗo ɓeen yimɓe ngoni ɗoo. Won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina mbaawi salaade wonde ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu hersa walla sabu hulde laamu nguu warde ɓe. Yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, ɓe ngoni ko e sofde (couch-surfing) e sahaa gooto, ina gasa tawa ngartataa e hakkillaaji binnditagol. So tawii binnditagol ngol waɗii ko juuti caggal nde ƴeewndorɗe ballal kaalis lewru kala njalti, won e yimɓe ɓe keewaani hoɗde ina mbaawi dañde koye mum en e sahaa gooto ; ina gasa tawa ɓe ɓuri waawde ƴettude ngalɗoo daawal ko e lebbi cooyɗi nde binnditagol toɓɓere ndee waɗata.

Risk ŋakkeende limto ina waawi ustaade no feewi e ɓeydagol huutoraade Siistemaaji humpitooji jowitiiɗi e ŋakkeende galleeji (HMIS) ngam heɓde humpitooji e yimɓe wonduɓe e ŋakkeende galleeji, jooɗiiɓe e nder cuuɗi cafrirɗi, cuuɗi gonɗi e nder galleeji, walla eɓɓooji kisal. Ndee ɗoo doosgal ina waawi timmineede e doosɗe mooftaaɗe e kuutorɗe portaabe ko wayi no Show The Way ngam waawde mooftude humpitooji e yimɓe wonɓe e caɗeele ɗe ngalaa koɗorɗe e nder hitaande ndee kala. So tawii ko e nder heen, doosɗe ummoriiɗe e ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ina mbaawi huutoreede ngam feewnude &quot;doggol inɗe&quot; laaɓtungol wonande kala mo alaa koɗorɗe e nder renndo e kala sahaa..&lt;ref name=&quot;NLCHP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|title=Don't Count on It: How the HUD Point-in-Time Count Underestimates the Homelessness Crisis in America|date=2017|publisher=National Law Center on Homelessness &amp; Poverty|accessdate=August 1, 2019|archive-date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831172055/https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NLCHP2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HUD PIT Methodology&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/PIT-Count-Methodology-Guide.pdf|title=Point-in-Time Count Methodology Guide|publisher=HUD|accessdate=August 1, 2019|year=2014|archive-date=August 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801195341/https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/PIT-Count-Methodology-Guide.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>112954</id>
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      <timestamp>2025-06-19T09:20:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ilya Discuss</username>
        <id>10103</id>
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      <text bytes="4599" sha1="7l5hry89v92dux57hzy18d1hib72g3c" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Limre Toɓɓere-E-Wakkati

Ayaare Ngewte Jaangugo Waylu iwdi Yiytu daartol

Kujeji huwugo Gila e Wikipedia, ansiklopiiji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi Limre Point-in-Time, walla PIT Count, ko wiɗto hitaande kala wonande yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ngo gollorɗe nokkuuje biyeteeɗe Continuums of Care (CoCs) mbaɗata e innde Departemaa Ameriknaajo ko faati e koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro (HUD). HUD ina huutoroo doosɗe ummoraade e limtooji PIT ngam yuurnitaade nafoore golle gollorɗe nokkuuje ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende koɗki e anndude no foti kaalis wonande ɗum en, kadi ina moofta ɗeen doosɗe e nder Rajo Hitaande Ƴeewndo Koɗki, ngo Kongres rokkata. HUD ina siftina PIT ko &quot;limto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e ɓe ngalaa galleeji baɗeteeɗi e jamma gooto e nder balɗe 10 cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa walla e sahaa goɗɗo mo HUD yamiri.&quot;

PIT ina waɗi limto ƴeewndo e wiɗto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, gadanol ngol ngam tabitinde senngo tolno, ɗiɗmol ngol ngam hiisaade limoore yimɓe e nder cate ceertuɗe, ko wayi no veteran’en ɓe ngalaa galleeji walla sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.[

Laabi gollorɗi
Laabi ina ceerti seeɗa hakkunde CoCs, ngam newnude ɗum en e haajuuji mum en gooto gooto. Kono, e ko ɓuri heewde, PIT ina waɗi geɗe ɗiɗi : limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi e limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaɗata ko jamma gooto e nder balɗe sappo cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa. Limre hoɗɓe ina ɗaɓɓi e CoCs ngam mooftude humpitooji ummoraade e hoɗorɗe caɗtuɗe, galleeji gonɗi e mbayliigu, e nokkuuji kisal. Limre nde alaa ko woni e mum ndee ɓuri saɗtude nde tawnoo ina heewi wonde ko yimɓe wallitooɓe yahooɓe e nokkuuji ɗo ɓe cikkata yimɓe wonɓe e ŋakkeende hoɗorde ina mbaawi wonde (les jolɗe, kammu ekn). E nder daartol, limto PIT ngoo waɗiraa ko binndol e kaayitaaji, kono CoCs ina ɓeydoo huutoraade karallaagal kesal e analitik hono Hyperion e app mobiil Counting Us ngam weeɓtinde geɗe.Binnditagol hono ngol ina waawi ustude limgol yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu dalillaaji keewɗi. Binnditagol ngol ina waawi waasde hawrude e won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu ɓe mbaasa yahde ɗo ɓeen yimɓe ngoni ɗoo. Won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina mbaawi salaade wonde ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu hersa walla sabu hulde laamu nguu warde ɓe. Yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, ɓe ngoni ko e sofde (couch-surfing) e sahaa gooto, ina gasa tawa ngartataa e hakkillaaji binnditagol. So tawii binnditagol ngol waɗii ko juuti caggal nde ƴeewndorɗe ballal kaalis lewru kala njalti, won e yimɓe ɓe keewaani hoɗde ina mbaawi dañde koye mum en e sahaa gooto ; ina gasa tawa ɓe ɓuri waawde ƴettude ngalɗoo daawal ko e lebbi cooyɗi nde binnditagol toɓɓere ndee waɗata.

Risk ŋakkeende limto ina waawi ustaade no feewi e ɓeydagol huutoraade Siistemaaji humpitooji jowitiiɗi e ŋakkeende galleeji (HMIS) ngam heɓde humpitooji e yimɓe wonduɓe e ŋakkeende galleeji, jooɗiiɓe e nder cuuɗi cafrirɗi, cuuɗi gonɗi e nder galleeji, walla eɓɓooji kisal. Ndee ɗoo doosgal ina waawi timmineede e doosɗe mooftaaɗe e kuutorɗe portaabe ko wayi no Show The Way ngam waawde mooftude humpitooji e yimɓe wonɓe e caɗeele ɗe ngalaa koɗorɗe e nder hitaande ndee kala. So tawii ko e nder heen, doosɗe ummoriiɗe e ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ina mbaawi huutoreede ngam feewnude &quot;doggol inɗe&quot; laaɓtungol wonande kala mo alaa koɗorɗe e nder renndo e kala sahaa..&lt;ref name=&quot;NLCHP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|title=Don't Count on It: How the HUD Point-in-Time Count Underestimates the Homelessness Crisis in America|date=2017|publisher=National Law Center on Homelessness &amp; Poverty|accessdate=August 1, 2019|archive-date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831172055/https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NLCHP2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HUD PIT Methodology&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/PIT-Count-Methodology-Guide.pdf|title=Point-in-Time Count Methodology Guide|publisher=HUD|accessdate=August 1, 2019|year=2014|archive-date=August 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801195341/https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/PIT-Count-Methodology-Guide.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; HUD defines the PIT as a &quot;count of sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons carried out on one night in the last 10 calendar days of January or at such other time as required by HUD.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;HUD PIT Methodology2&quot; /&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="5366" sha1="rywb8ohv17gxan11extqm6xlgkls6dg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Limre Toɓɓere-E-Wakkati

Ayaare Ngewte Jaangugo Waylu iwdi Yiytu daartol

Kujeji huwugo Gila e Wikipedia, ansiklopiiji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi Limre Point-in-Time, walla PIT Count, ko wiɗto hitaande kala wonande yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ngo gollorɗe nokkuuje biyeteeɗe Continuums of Care (CoCs) mbaɗata e innde Departemaa Ameriknaajo ko faati e koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro (HUD). HUD ina huutoroo doosɗe ummoraade e limtooji PIT ngam yuurnitaade nafoore golle gollorɗe nokkuuje ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende koɗki e anndude no foti kaalis wonande ɗum en, kadi ina moofta ɗeen doosɗe e nder Rajo Hitaande Ƴeewndo Koɗki, ngo Kongres rokkata. HUD ina siftina PIT ko &quot;limto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e ɓe ngalaa galleeji baɗeteeɗi e jamma gooto e nder balɗe 10 cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa walla e sahaa goɗɗo mo HUD yamiri.&quot;

PIT ina waɗi limto ƴeewndo e wiɗto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, gadanol ngol ngam tabitinde senngo tolno, ɗiɗmol ngol ngam hiisaade limoore yimɓe e nder cate ceertuɗe, ko wayi no veteran’en ɓe ngalaa galleeji walla sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.[

Laabi gollorɗi
Laabi ina ceerti seeɗa hakkunde CoCs, ngam newnude ɗum en e haajuuji mum en gooto gooto. Kono, e ko ɓuri heewde, PIT ina waɗi geɗe ɗiɗi : limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi e limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaɗata ko jamma gooto e nder balɗe sappo cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa. Limre hoɗɓe ina ɗaɓɓi e CoCs ngam mooftude humpitooji ummoraade e hoɗorɗe caɗtuɗe, galleeji gonɗi e mbayliigu, e nokkuuji kisal. Limre nde alaa ko woni e mum ndee ɓuri saɗtude nde tawnoo ina heewi wonde ko yimɓe wallitooɓe yahooɓe e nokkuuji ɗo ɓe cikkata yimɓe wonɓe e ŋakkeende hoɗorde ina mbaawi wonde (les jolɗe, kammu ekn). E nder daartol, limto PIT ngoo waɗiraa ko binndol e kaayitaaji, kono CoCs ina ɓeydoo huutoraade karallaagal kesal e analitik hono Hyperion e app mobiil Counting Us ngam weeɓtinde geɗe.Binnditagol hono ngol ina waawi ustude limgol yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu dalillaaji keewɗi. Binnditagol ngol ina waawi waasde hawrude e won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu ɓe mbaasa yahde ɗo ɓeen yimɓe ngoni ɗoo. Won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina mbaawi salaade wonde ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu hersa walla sabu hulde laamu nguu warde ɓe. Yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, ɓe ngoni ko e sofde (couch-surfing) e sahaa gooto, ina gasa tawa ngartataa e hakkillaaji binnditagol. So tawii binnditagol ngol waɗii ko juuti caggal nde ƴeewndorɗe ballal kaalis lewru kala njalti, won e yimɓe ɓe keewaani hoɗde ina mbaawi dañde koye mum en e sahaa gooto ; ina gasa tawa ɓe ɓuri waawde ƴettude ngalɗoo daawal ko e lebbi cooyɗi nde binnditagol toɓɓere ndee waɗata.

Risk ŋakkeende limto ina waawi ustaade no feewi e ɓeydagol huutoraade Siistemaaji humpitooji jowitiiɗi e ŋakkeende galleeji (HMIS) ngam heɓde humpitooji e yimɓe wonduɓe e ŋakkeende galleeji, jooɗiiɓe e nder cuuɗi cafrirɗi, cuuɗi gonɗi e nder galleeji, walla eɓɓooji kisal. Ndee ɗoo doosgal ina waawi timmineede e doosɗe mooftaaɗe e kuutorɗe portaabe ko wayi no Show The Way ngam waawde mooftude humpitooji e yimɓe wonɓe e caɗeele ɗe ngalaa koɗorɗe e nder hitaande ndee kala. So tawii ko e nder heen, doosɗe ummoriiɗe e ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ina mbaawi huutoreede ngam feewnude &quot;doggol inɗe&quot; laaɓtungol wonande kala mo alaa koɗorɗe e nder renndo e kala sahaa..&lt;ref name=&quot;NLCHP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|title=Don't Count on It: How the HUD Point-in-Time Count Underestimates the Homelessness Crisis in America|date=2017|publisher=National Law Center on Homelessness &amp; Poverty|accessdate=August 1, 2019|archive-date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831172055/https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NLCHP2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HUD PIT Methodology&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/PIT-Count-Methodology-Guide.pdf|title=Point-in-Time Count Methodology Guide|publisher=HUD|accessdate=August 1, 2019|year=2014|archive-date=August 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801195341/https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/PIT-Count-Methodology-Guide.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; HUD defines the PIT as a &quot;count of sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons carried out on one night in the last 10 calendar days of January or at such other time as required by HUD.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;HUD PIT Methodology2&quot; /&gt;HUD uses the data from PIT counts to evaluate the effectiveness of local agencies' efforts to address homelessness and to determine funding amounts for them, and also compiles this data into the Annual Homeless Assessment Report, which is provided to Congress.&lt;ref name=&quot;CityLab&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019/03/homeless-crisis-oakland-california-hud-point-in-time-data/584023/|last=Boone|first=Alastair|year=2019|title=Is There a Better Way to Count the Homeless?|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|publisher=CityLab|accessdate=August 1, 2019|archive-date=August 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801195341/https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019/03/homeless-crisis-oakland-california-hud-point-in-time-data/584023/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tuugnorgal ==</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="5646" sha1="2m60k2yb1ygr04x5mc2ycr1z9rxb17o" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Limre Toɓɓere-E-Wakkati

Ayaare Ngewte Jaangugo Waylu iwdi Yiytu daartol

Kujeji huwugo Gila e Wikipedia, ansiklopiiji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi Limre Point-in-Time, walla PIT Count, ko wiɗto hitaande kala wonande yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ngo gollorɗe nokkuuje biyeteeɗe Continuums of Care (CoCs) mbaɗata e innde Departemaa Ameriknaajo ko faati e koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro (HUD). HUD ina huutoroo doosɗe ummoraade e limtooji PIT ngam yuurnitaade nafoore golle gollorɗe nokkuuje ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende koɗki e anndude no foti kaalis wonande ɗum en, kadi ina moofta ɗeen doosɗe e nder Rajo Hitaande Ƴeewndo Koɗki, ngo Kongres rokkata. HUD ina siftina PIT ko &quot;limto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e ɓe ngalaa galleeji baɗeteeɗi e jamma gooto e nder balɗe 10 cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa walla e sahaa goɗɗo mo HUD yamiri.&quot;

PIT ina waɗi limto ƴeewndo e wiɗto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, gadanol ngol ngam tabitinde senngo tolno, ɗiɗmol ngol ngam hiisaade limoore yimɓe e nder cate ceertuɗe, ko wayi no veteran’en ɓe ngalaa galleeji walla sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.[

Laabi gollorɗi
Laabi ina ceerti seeɗa hakkunde CoCs, ngam newnude ɗum en e haajuuji mum en gooto gooto. Kono, e ko ɓuri heewde, PIT ina waɗi geɗe ɗiɗi : limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi e limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaɗata ko jamma gooto e nder balɗe sappo cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa. Limre hoɗɓe ina ɗaɓɓi e CoCs ngam mooftude humpitooji ummoraade e hoɗorɗe caɗtuɗe, galleeji gonɗi e mbayliigu, e nokkuuji kisal. Limre nde alaa ko woni e mum ndee ɓuri saɗtude nde tawnoo ina heewi wonde ko yimɓe wallitooɓe yahooɓe e nokkuuji ɗo ɓe cikkata yimɓe wonɓe e ŋakkeende hoɗorde ina mbaawi wonde (les jolɗe, kammu ekn). E nder daartol, limto PIT ngoo waɗiraa ko binndol e kaayitaaji, kono CoCs ina ɓeydoo huutoraade karallaagal kesal e analitik hono Hyperion e app mobiil Counting Us ngam weeɓtinde geɗe.Binnditagol hono ngol ina waawi ustude limgol yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu dalillaaji keewɗi. Binnditagol ngol ina waawi waasde hawrude e won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu ɓe mbaasa yahde ɗo ɓeen yimɓe ngoni ɗoo. Won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina mbaawi salaade wonde ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu hersa walla sabu hulde laamu nguu warde ɓe. Yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, ɓe ngoni ko e sofde (couch-surfing) e sahaa gooto, ina gasa tawa ngartataa e hakkillaaji binnditagol. So tawii binnditagol ngol waɗii ko juuti caggal nde ƴeewndorɗe ballal kaalis lewru kala njalti, won e yimɓe ɓe keewaani hoɗde ina mbaawi dañde koye mum en e sahaa gooto ; ina gasa tawa ɓe ɓuri waawde ƴettude ngalɗoo daawal ko e lebbi cooyɗi nde binnditagol toɓɓere ndee waɗata.

Risk ŋakkeende limto ina waawi ustaade no feewi e ɓeydagol huutoraade Siistemaaji humpitooji jowitiiɗi e ŋakkeende galleeji (HMIS) ngam heɓde humpitooji e yimɓe wonduɓe e ŋakkeende galleeji, jooɗiiɓe e nder cuuɗi cafrirɗi, cuuɗi gonɗi e nder galleeji, walla eɓɓooji kisal. Ndee ɗoo doosgal ina waawi timmineede e doosɗe mooftaaɗe e kuutorɗe portaabe ko wayi no Show The Way ngam waawde mooftude humpitooji e yimɓe wonɓe e caɗeele ɗe ngalaa koɗorɗe e nder hitaande ndee kala. So tawii ko e nder heen, doosɗe ummoriiɗe e ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ina mbaawi huutoreede ngam feewnude &quot;doggol inɗe&quot; laaɓtungol wonande kala mo alaa koɗorɗe e nder renndo e kala sahaa..&lt;ref name=&quot;NLCHP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|title=Don't Count on It: How the HUD Point-in-Time Count Underestimates the Homelessness Crisis in America|date=2017|publisher=National Law Center on Homelessness &amp; Poverty|accessdate=August 1, 2019|archive-date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831172055/https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NLCHP2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HUD PIT Methodology&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/PIT-Count-Methodology-Guide.pdf|title=Point-in-Time Count Methodology Guide|publisher=HUD|accessdate=August 1, 2019|year=2014|archive-date=August 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801195341/https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/PIT-Count-Methodology-Guide.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; HUD defines the PIT as a &quot;count of sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons carried out on one night in the last 10 calendar days of January or at such other time as required by HUD.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;HUD PIT Methodology2&quot; /&gt;HUD uses the data from PIT counts to evaluate the effectiveness of local agencies' efforts to address homelessness and to determine funding amounts for them, and also compiles this data into the Annual Homeless Assessment Report, which is provided to Congress.&lt;ref name=&quot;CityLab&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019/03/homeless-crisis-oakland-california-hud-point-in-time-data/584023/|last=Boone|first=Alastair|year=2019|title=Is There a Better Way to Count the Homeless?|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|publisher=CityLab|accessdate=August 1, 2019|archive-date=August 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801195341/https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019/03/homeless-crisis-oakland-california-hud-point-in-time-data/584023/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Solano County PIT&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nebula.wsimg.com/3554b6691a3ee221566aa5092666a459?AccessKeyId=B6ADA8353DCF8737BDC0&amp;disposition=0&amp;alloworigin=1|title=Solano County PIT Count Report|year=2024|publisher=Simtech Solutions Inc.|accessdate=October 15, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="6232" sha1="78nk2i473dtwzykh6wk58cbl9zitmtj" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Limre Toɓɓere-E-Wakkati

Ayaare Ngewte Jaangugo Waylu iwdi Yiytu daartol

Kujeji huwugo Gila e Wikipedia, ansiklopiiji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi Limre Point-in-Time, walla PIT Count, ko wiɗto hitaande kala wonande yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ngo gollorɗe nokkuuje biyeteeɗe Continuums of Care (CoCs) mbaɗata e innde Departemaa Ameriknaajo ko faati e koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro (HUD). HUD ina huutoroo doosɗe ummoraade e limtooji PIT ngam yuurnitaade nafoore golle gollorɗe nokkuuje ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende koɗki e anndude no foti kaalis wonande ɗum en, kadi ina moofta ɗeen doosɗe e nder Rajo Hitaande Ƴeewndo Koɗki, ngo Kongres rokkata. HUD ina siftina PIT ko &quot;limto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e ɓe ngalaa galleeji baɗeteeɗi e jamma gooto e nder balɗe 10 cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa walla e sahaa goɗɗo mo HUD yamiri.&quot;

PIT ina waɗi limto ƴeewndo e wiɗto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, gadanol ngol ngam tabitinde senngo tolno, ɗiɗmol ngol ngam hiisaade limoore yimɓe e nder cate ceertuɗe, ko wayi no veteran’en ɓe ngalaa galleeji walla sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.[

Laabi gollorɗi
Laabi ina ceerti seeɗa hakkunde CoCs, ngam newnude ɗum en e haajuuji mum en gooto gooto. Kono, e ko ɓuri heewde, PIT ina waɗi geɗe ɗiɗi : limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi e limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaɗata ko jamma gooto e nder balɗe sappo cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa. Limre hoɗɓe ina ɗaɓɓi e CoCs ngam mooftude humpitooji ummoraade e hoɗorɗe caɗtuɗe, galleeji gonɗi e mbayliigu, e nokkuuji kisal. Limre nde alaa ko woni e mum ndee ɓuri saɗtude nde tawnoo ina heewi wonde ko yimɓe wallitooɓe yahooɓe e nokkuuji ɗo ɓe cikkata yimɓe wonɓe e ŋakkeende hoɗorde ina mbaawi wonde (les jolɗe, kammu ekn). E nder daartol, limto PIT ngoo waɗiraa ko binndol e kaayitaaji, kono CoCs ina ɓeydoo huutoraade karallaagal kesal e analitik hono Hyperion e app mobiil Counting Us ngam weeɓtinde geɗe.Binnditagol hono ngol ina waawi ustude limgol yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu dalillaaji keewɗi. Binnditagol ngol ina waawi waasde hawrude e won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu ɓe mbaasa yahde ɗo ɓeen yimɓe ngoni ɗoo. Won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina mbaawi salaade wonde ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu hersa walla sabu hulde laamu nguu warde ɓe. Yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, ɓe ngoni ko e sofde (couch-surfing) e sahaa gooto, ina gasa tawa ngartataa e hakkillaaji binnditagol. So tawii binnditagol ngol waɗii ko juuti caggal nde ƴeewndorɗe ballal kaalis lewru kala njalti, won e yimɓe ɓe keewaani hoɗde ina mbaawi dañde koye mum en e sahaa gooto ; ina gasa tawa ɓe ɓuri waawde ƴettude ngalɗoo daawal ko e lebbi cooyɗi nde binnditagol toɓɓere ndee waɗata.

Risk ŋakkeende limto ina waawi ustaade no feewi e ɓeydagol huutoraade Siistemaaji humpitooji jowitiiɗi e ŋakkeende galleeji (HMIS) ngam heɓde humpitooji e yimɓe wonduɓe e ŋakkeende galleeji, jooɗiiɓe e nder cuuɗi cafrirɗi, cuuɗi gonɗi e nder galleeji, walla eɓɓooji kisal. Ndee ɗoo doosgal ina waawi timmineede e doosɗe mooftaaɗe e kuutorɗe portaabe ko wayi no Show The Way ngam waawde mooftude humpitooji e yimɓe wonɓe e caɗeele ɗe ngalaa koɗorɗe e nder hitaande ndee kala. So tawii ko e nder heen, doosɗe ummoriiɗe e ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ina mbaawi huutoreede ngam feewnude &quot;doggol inɗe&quot; laaɓtungol wonande kala mo alaa koɗorɗe e nder renndo e kala sahaa..&lt;ref name=&quot;NLCHP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|title=Don't Count on It: How the HUD Point-in-Time Count Underestimates the Homelessness Crisis in America|date=2017|publisher=National Law Center on Homelessness &amp; Poverty|accessdate=August 1, 2019|archive-date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831172055/https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NLCHP2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HUD PIT Methodology&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/PIT-Count-Methodology-Guide.pdf|title=Point-in-Time Count Methodology Guide|publisher=HUD|accessdate=August 1, 2019|year=2014|archive-date=August 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801195341/https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/PIT-Count-Methodology-Guide.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; HUD defines the PIT as a &quot;count of sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons carried out on one night in the last 10 calendar days of January or at such other time as required by HUD.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;HUD PIT Methodology2&quot; /&gt;HUD uses the data from PIT counts to evaluate the effectiveness of local agencies' efforts to address homelessness and to determine funding amounts for them, and also compiles this data into the Annual Homeless Assessment Report, which is provided to Congress.&lt;ref name=&quot;CityLab&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019/03/homeless-crisis-oakland-california-hud-point-in-time-data/584023/|last=Boone|first=Alastair|year=2019|title=Is There a Better Way to Count the Homeless?|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|publisher=CityLab|accessdate=August 1, 2019|archive-date=August 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801195341/https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019/03/homeless-crisis-oakland-california-hud-point-in-time-data/584023/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Solano County PIT&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nebula.wsimg.com/3554b6691a3ee221566aa5092666a459?AccessKeyId=B6ADA8353DCF8737BDC0&amp;disposition=0&amp;alloworigin=1|title=Solano County PIT Count Report|year=2024|publisher=Simtech Solutions Inc.|accessdate=October 15, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hudexchange.info/trainings/courses/point-in-time-pit-count-standards-and-methodologies-training/#:~:text=The%20Point%2Din%2DTime%20(,days%20of%20January%20each%20year|title=Point-in-Time (PIT) Count Standards and Methodologies Training|access-date=February 12, 2021|archive-date=January 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118011711/https://www.hudexchange.info/trainings/courses/point-in-time-pit-count-standards-and-methodologies-training/#:~:text=The%20Point%2Din%2DTime%20(,days%20of%20January%20each%20year|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="6455" sha1="k96d6ofqfemblzscg3lwh6j8pcl223o" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Limre Toɓɓere-E-Wakkati

Ayaare Ngewte Jaangugo Waylu iwdi Yiytu daartol

Kujeji huwugo Gila e Wikipedia, ansiklopiiji ɗi ngalaa njoɓdi Limre Point-in-Time, walla PIT Count, ko wiɗto hitaande kala wonande yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e nder leyɗeele dentuɗe Amerik, ngo gollorɗe nokkuuje biyeteeɗe Continuums of Care (CoCs) mbaɗata e innde Departemaa Ameriknaajo ko faati e koɗki e ƴellitaare wuro (HUD). HUD ina huutoroo doosɗe ummoraade e limtooji PIT ngam yuurnitaade nafoore golle gollorɗe nokkuuje ngam haɓaade ŋakkeende koɗki e anndude no foti kaalis wonande ɗum en, kadi ina moofta ɗeen doosɗe e nder Rajo Hitaande Ƴeewndo Koɗki, ngo Kongres rokkata. HUD ina siftina PIT ko &quot;limto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji e ɓe ngalaa galleeji baɗeteeɗi e jamma gooto e nder balɗe 10 cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa walla e sahaa goɗɗo mo HUD yamiri.&quot;

PIT ina waɗi limto ƴeewndo e wiɗto yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, gadanol ngol ngam tabitinde senngo tolno, ɗiɗmol ngol ngam hiisaade limoore yimɓe e nder cate ceertuɗe, ko wayi no veteran’en ɓe ngalaa galleeji walla sukaaɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji.

Laabi gollorɗi
Laabi ina ceerti seeɗa hakkunde CoCs, ngam newnude ɗum en e haajuuji mum en gooto gooto. Kono, e ko ɓuri heewde, PIT ina waɗi geɗe ɗiɗi : limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi e limre nde alaa ɗo haaɗi. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe mbaɗata ko jamma gooto e nder balɗe sappo cakkitiiɗe e lewru Yarkomaa. Limre hoɗɓe ina ɗaɓɓi e CoCs ngam mooftude humpitooji ummoraade e hoɗorɗe caɗtuɗe, galleeji gonɗi e mbayliigu, e nokkuuji kisal. Limre nde alaa ko woni e mum ndee ɓuri saɗtude nde tawnoo ina heewi wonde ko yimɓe wallitooɓe yahooɓe e nokkuuji ɗo ɓe cikkata yimɓe wonɓe e ŋakkeende hoɗorde ina mbaawi wonde (les jolɗe, kammu ekn). E nder daartol, limto PIT ngoo waɗiraa ko binndol e kaayitaaji, kono CoCs ina ɓeydoo huutoraade karallaagal kesal e analitik hono Hyperion e app mobiil Counting Us ngam weeɓtinde geɗe.Binnditagol hono ngol ina waawi ustude limgol yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu dalillaaji keewɗi. Binnditagol ngol ina waawi waasde hawrude e won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu ɓe mbaasa yahde ɗo ɓeen yimɓe ngoni ɗoo. Won e yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji ina mbaawi salaade wonde ɓe ngalaa galleeji sabu hersa walla sabu hulde laamu nguu warde ɓe. Yimɓe ɓe ngalaa galleeji, ɓe ngoni ko e sofde (couch-surfing) e sahaa gooto, ina gasa tawa ngartataa e hakkillaaji binnditagol. So tawii binnditagol ngol waɗii ko juuti caggal nde ƴeewndorɗe ballal kaalis lewru kala njalti, won e yimɓe ɓe keewaani hoɗde ina mbaawi dañde koye mum en e sahaa gooto ; ina gasa tawa ɓe ɓuri waawde ƴettude ngalɗoo daawal ko e lebbi cooyɗi nde binnditagol toɓɓere ndee waɗata.

Risk ŋakkeende limto ina waawi ustaade no feewi e ɓeydagol huutoraade Siistemaaji humpitooji jowitiiɗi e ŋakkeende galleeji (HMIS) ngam heɓde humpitooji e yimɓe wonduɓe e ŋakkeende galleeji, jooɗiiɓe e nder cuuɗi cafrirɗi, cuuɗi gonɗi e nder galleeji, walla eɓɓooji kisal. Ndee ɗoo doosgal ina waawi timmineede e doosɗe mooftaaɗe e kuutorɗe portaabe ko wayi no Show The Way ngam waawde mooftude humpitooji e yimɓe wonɓe e caɗeele ɗe ngalaa koɗorɗe e nder hitaande ndee kala. So tawii ko e nder heen, doosɗe ummoriiɗe e ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ina mbaawi huutoreede ngam feewnude &quot;doggol inɗe&quot; laaɓtungol wonande kala mo alaa koɗorɗe e nder renndo e kala sahaa..&lt;ref name=&quot;NLCHP&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|title=Don't Count on It: How the HUD Point-in-Time Count Underestimates the Homelessness Crisis in America|date=2017|publisher=National Law Center on Homelessness &amp; Poverty|accessdate=August 1, 2019|archive-date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831172055/https://nlchp.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/HUD-PIT-report2017.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NLCHP2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HUD PIT Methodology&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/PIT-Count-Methodology-Guide.pdf|title=Point-in-Time Count Methodology Guide|publisher=HUD|accessdate=August 1, 2019|year=2014|archive-date=August 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801195341/https://files.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/PIT-Count-Methodology-Guide.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; HUD defines the PIT as a &quot;count of sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons carried out on one night in the last 10 calendar days of January or at such other time as required by HUD.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;HUD PIT Methodology2&quot; /&gt;HUD uses the data from PIT counts to evaluate the effectiveness of local agencies' efforts to address homelessness and to determine funding amounts for them, and also compiles this data into the Annual Homeless Assessment Report, which is provided to Congress.&lt;ref name=&quot;CityLab&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019/03/homeless-crisis-oakland-california-hud-point-in-time-data/584023/|last=Boone|first=Alastair|year=2019|title=Is There a Better Way to Count the Homeless?|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|publisher=CityLab|accessdate=August 1, 2019|archive-date=August 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801195341/https://www.citylab.com/equity/2019/03/homeless-crisis-oakland-california-hud-point-in-time-data/584023/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Solano County PIT&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nebula.wsimg.com/3554b6691a3ee221566aa5092666a459?AccessKeyId=B6ADA8353DCF8737BDC0&amp;disposition=0&amp;alloworigin=1|title=Solano County PIT Count Report|year=2024|publisher=Simtech Solutions Inc.|accessdate=October 15, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hudexchange.info/trainings/courses/point-in-time-pit-count-standards-and-methodologies-training/#:~:text=The%20Point%2Din%2DTime%20(,days%20of%20January%20each%20year|title=Point-in-Time (PIT) Count Standards and Methodologies Training|access-date=February 12, 2021|archive-date=January 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118011711/https://www.hudexchange.info/trainings/courses/point-in-time-pit-count-standards-and-methodologies-training/#:~:text=The%20Point%2Din%2DTime%20(,days%20of%20January%20each%20year|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=The Methodology of Counting the Homeless|last1=Cowan|first1=Charles D.|last2=Breakey|first2=William R.|last3=Fischer|first3=Pamela J.|journal=Homelessness, Health, and Human Needs|date=1988}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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