Wikipedia ffwiki https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello_ja%C9%93%C9%93orgo MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.7 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2137 114820 28753 2025-06-30T21:54:39Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114820 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Beresiil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Beresiil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Beresiil to bannge worgo.[1] Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,[2] ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin[3], ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.[4] Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo[5] e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.[6] Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Beresiil.[citation needed] Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Beresiilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.[7] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Beresiil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.[8] E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Beresiil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.[9][10] Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Beresiil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Beresiil wonande sukaaɓe.[11] Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil.[12] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 4mqhzpb71wu3vt3u3af30nn8s51t8k8 114821 114820 2025-06-30T21:56:12Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114821 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Beresiil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Beresiil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Beresiil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin[3], ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.[4] Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo[5] e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.[6] Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Beresiil.[citation needed] Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Beresiilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.[7] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Beresiil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.[8] E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Beresiil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.[9][10] Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Beresiil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Beresiil wonande sukaaɓe.[11] Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil.[12] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 6hll4y0dsgimijkrdxtqot63nfirj3v 114822 114821 2025-06-30T21:56:43Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114822 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Beresiil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Beresiil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Beresiil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.[4] Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo[5] e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.[6] Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Beresiil.[citation needed] Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Beresiilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.[7] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Beresiil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.[8] E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Beresiil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.[9][10] Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Beresiil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Beresiil wonande sukaaɓe.[11] Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil.[12] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 7cr68buya10egsq1x1009su0ldiz86z 114823 114822 2025-06-30T21:57:04Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114823 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Beresiil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Beresiil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Beresiil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo[5] e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.[6] Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Beresiil.[citation needed] Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Beresiilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.[7] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Beresiil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.[8] E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Beresiil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.[9][10] Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Beresiil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Beresiil wonande sukaaɓe.[11] Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil.[12] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] cjuqfislsfcosaze9upsvrkg8nev5n0 114824 114823 2025-06-30T21:57:28Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114824 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Beresiil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Beresiil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Beresiil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.[6] Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Beresiil.[citation needed] Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Beresiilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.[7] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Beresiil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.[8] E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Beresiil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.[9][10] Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Beresiil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Beresiil wonande sukaaɓe.[11] Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil.[12] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] jjxrvlpn8ga9rsdz639palifwowtkso 114825 114824 2025-06-30T21:58:17Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114825 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Beresiil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Beresiil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Beresiil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602180952/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Beresiil. Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Beresiilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.[7] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Beresiil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.[8] E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Beresiil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.[9][10] Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Beresiil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Beresiil wonande sukaaɓe.[11] Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil.[12] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] stuos7ajobbghqo5zi5dsneoxf1dqo3 114826 114825 2025-06-30T21:58:38Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114826 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Beresiil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Beresiil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Beresiil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602180952/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Beresiil. Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Beresiilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.<ref name="estra">{{cite web|title=Quase metade de Curitiba é dos "estrangeiros"|publisher=Bem Paraná|language=pt|access-date=6 August 2008|url=http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922092532/http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-date=22 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Beresiil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.[8] E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Beresiil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.[9][10] Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Beresiil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Beresiil wonande sukaaɓe.[11] Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil.[12] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 1gfsklm1b90skkwv6fcc3xwx71kajq1 114827 114826 2025-06-30T21:59:01Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114827 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Beresiil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Beresiil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Beresiil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602180952/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Beresiil. Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Beresiilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.<ref name="estra">{{cite web|title=Quase metade de Curitiba é dos "estrangeiros"|publisher=Bem Paraná|language=pt|access-date=6 August 2008|url=http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922092532/http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-date=22 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Beresiil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|title=The Brazilian city Curitiba awarded the Globe Sustainable City Award 2010|publisher=globeforum.com|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212832/http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Beresiil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.[9][10] Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Beresiil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Beresiil wonande sukaaɓe.[11] Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil.[12] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 8rtkwwrii8542esoz5b104xaon30300 114828 114827 2025-06-30T22:00:10Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114828 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Beresiil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Beresiil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Beresiil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602180952/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Beresiil. Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Beresiilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.<ref name="estra">{{cite web|title=Quase metade de Curitiba é dos "estrangeiros"|publisher=Bem Paraná|language=pt|access-date=6 August 2008|url=http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922092532/http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-date=22 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Beresiil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|title=The Brazilian city Curitiba awarded the Globe Sustainable City Award 2010|publisher=globeforum.com|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212832/http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|title=Brazil Outsourcing: Curitiba Comes on Strong as 'Silicon Valley South'|date=21 April 2010|publisher=Nearshore Americas|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014133919/http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Beresiil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.[9][10] Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Beresiil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Beresiil wonande sukaaɓe.[11] Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil.[12] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] fado4a8gz6ekihzuniq2b0chbt8m371 114829 114828 2025-06-30T22:00:33Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114829 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Beresiil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Beresiil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Beresiil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602180952/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Beresiil. Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Beresiilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.<ref name="estra">{{cite web|title=Quase metade de Curitiba é dos "estrangeiros"|publisher=Bem Paraná|language=pt|access-date=6 August 2008|url=http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922092532/http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-date=22 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Beresiil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|title=The Brazilian city Curitiba awarded the Globe Sustainable City Award 2010|publisher=globeforum.com|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212832/http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|title=Brazil Outsourcing: Curitiba Comes on Strong as 'Silicon Valley South'|date=21 April 2010|publisher=Nearshore Americas|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014133919/http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Beresiil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723101730/http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 July 2012|title=Bestcitiestolivein.net|publisher=Bestcitiestolivein.net|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Beresiil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Beresiil wonande sukaaɓe.[11] Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil.[12] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 3em1doide0e5phz6qee1brq3v2adat7 114830 114829 2025-06-30T22:00:48Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114830 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Beresiil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Beresiil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Beresiil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602180952/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Beresiil. Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Beresiilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.<ref name="estra">{{cite web|title=Quase metade de Curitiba é dos "estrangeiros"|publisher=Bem Paraná|language=pt|access-date=6 August 2008|url=http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922092532/http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-date=22 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Beresiil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|title=The Brazilian city Curitiba awarded the Globe Sustainable City Award 2010|publisher=globeforum.com|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212832/http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Beresiil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|title=Brazil Outsourcing: Curitiba Comes on Strong as 'Silicon Valley South'|date=21 April 2010|publisher=Nearshore Americas|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014133919/http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723101730/http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 July 2012|title=Bestcitiestolivein.net|publisher=Bestcitiestolivein.net|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Beresiil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Beresiil wonande sukaaɓe.[11] Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil.[12] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] iwdivqo7jes3p7yn2zivnhn39m1qz12 114831 114830 2025-06-30T22:01:28Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114831 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Brazil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Brazil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Brazil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602180952/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Brazil. Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Brazilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.<ref name="estra">{{cite web|title=Quase metade de Curitiba é dos "estrangeiros"|publisher=Bem Paraná|language=pt|access-date=6 August 2008|url=http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922092532/http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-date=22 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Brazil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|title=The Brazilian city Curitiba awarded the Globe Sustainable City Award 2010|publisher=globeforum.com|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212832/http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Brazil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|title=Brazil Outsourcing: Curitiba Comes on Strong as 'Silicon Valley South'|date=21 April 2010|publisher=Nearshore Americas|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014133919/http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723101730/http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 July 2012|title=Bestcitiestolivein.net|publisher=Bestcitiestolivein.net|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Brazil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Brazil wonande sukaaɓe.[11] Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Brazil.[12] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] jz1nv9nq2ysj697bqu9jpj6vusl84av 114832 114831 2025-06-30T22:01:42Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114832 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Brazil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Brazil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Brazil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602180952/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Brazil. Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Brazilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.<ref name="estra">{{cite web|title=Quase metade de Curitiba é dos "estrangeiros"|publisher=Bem Paraná|language=pt|access-date=6 August 2008|url=http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922092532/http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-date=22 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Brazil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|title=The Brazilian city Curitiba awarded the Globe Sustainable City Award 2010|publisher=globeforum.com|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212832/http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Brazil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|title=Brazil Outsourcing: Curitiba Comes on Strong as 'Silicon Valley South'|date=21 April 2010|publisher=Nearshore Americas|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014133919/http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723101730/http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 July 2012|title=Bestcitiestolivein.net|publisher=Bestcitiestolivein.net|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Brazil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Brazil wonande sukaaɓe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/album/10-capitais-mais-seguras-jovens-brasil-indice-vulnerabilidade-violencia-734424.shtml?&foto=4|title=As 10 capitais mais seguras para os jovens do Brasil|website=Planetasustentavel.abril.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102042801/http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/album/10-capitais-mais-seguras-jovens-brasil-indice-vulnerabilidade-violencia-734424.shtml?&foto=4|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Brazil.[12] Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 267xogf65rfzdgzbhhavft59islrfo8 114833 114832 2025-06-30T22:02:01Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114833 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Brazil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Brazil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Brazil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602180952/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Brazil. Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Brazilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.<ref name="estra">{{cite web|title=Quase metade de Curitiba é dos "estrangeiros"|publisher=Bem Paraná|language=pt|access-date=6 August 2008|url=http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922092532/http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-date=22 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Brazil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|title=The Brazilian city Curitiba awarded the Globe Sustainable City Award 2010|publisher=globeforum.com|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212832/http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Brazil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|title=Brazil Outsourcing: Curitiba Comes on Strong as 'Silicon Valley South'|date=21 April 2010|publisher=Nearshore Americas|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014133919/http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723101730/http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 July 2012|title=Bestcitiestolivein.net|publisher=Bestcitiestolivein.net|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Brazil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Brazil wonande sukaaɓe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/album/10-capitais-mais-seguras-jovens-brasil-indice-vulnerabilidade-violencia-734424.shtml?&foto=4|title=As 10 capitais mais seguras para os jovens do Brasil|website=Planetasustentavel.abril.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102042801/http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/album/10-capitais-mais-seguras-jovens-brasil-indice-vulnerabilidade-violencia-734424.shtml?&foto=4|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/economia/20150918/curitiba-eleita-melhor-cidade-brasil-pelo-ranking-istoe-austin-ratings/300248|title=Curitiba é eleita a melhor cidade do Brasil pelo ranking Istoé/Austin Ratings – ISTOÉ DINHEIRO|date=18 September 2015|website=Istoedinheiro.com.br|access-date=9 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201145311/https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/economia/20150918/curitiba-eleita-melhor-cidade-brasil-pelo-ranking-istoe-austin-ratings/300248|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.[13] * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] cykewcr7pvxqzjtpunnwvjlhe5gewb0 114835 114833 2025-06-30T22:02:20Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114835 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Brazil. Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Brazil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Brazil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602180952/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Brazil. Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Brazilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.<ref name="estra">{{cite web|title=Quase metade de Curitiba é dos "estrangeiros"|publisher=Bem Paraná|language=pt|access-date=6 August 2008|url=http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922092532/http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-date=22 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Brazil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|title=The Brazilian city Curitiba awarded the Globe Sustainable City Award 2010|publisher=globeforum.com|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212832/http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Brazil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|title=Brazil Outsourcing: Curitiba Comes on Strong as 'Silicon Valley South'|date=21 April 2010|publisher=Nearshore Americas|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014133919/http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723101730/http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 July 2012|title=Bestcitiestolivein.net|publisher=Bestcitiestolivein.net|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Brazil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Brazil wonande sukaaɓe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/album/10-capitais-mais-seguras-jovens-brasil-indice-vulnerabilidade-violencia-734424.shtml?&foto=4|title=As 10 capitais mais seguras para os jovens do Brasil|website=Planetasustentavel.abril.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102042801/http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/album/10-capitais-mais-seguras-jovens-brasil-indice-vulnerabilidade-violencia-734424.shtml?&foto=4|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/economia/20150918/curitiba-eleita-melhor-cidade-brasil-pelo-ranking-istoe-austin-ratings/300248|title=Curitiba é eleita a melhor cidade do Brasil pelo ranking Istoé/Austin Ratings – ISTOÉ DINHEIRO|date=18 September 2015|website=Istoedinheiro.com.br|access-date=9 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201145311/https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/economia/20150918/curitiba-eleita-melhor-cidade-brasil-pelo-ranking-istoe-austin-ratings/300248|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/economia/pos-e-carreira/por-que-o-mercado-de-trabalho-de-curitiba-ainda-continua-demitindo-868i7lb2m3rmofjytl3yhy1l5|title=Curitiba foi a segunda capital que mais demitiu em 2017|access-date=2 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714193243/https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/economia/pos-e-carreira/por-que-o-mercado-de-trabalho-de-curitiba-ainda-continua-demitindo-868i7lb2m3rmofjytl3yhy1l5|archive-date=14 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 3uwrnrpydl1hfmyoduelrkp8h495np1 114836 114835 2025-06-30T22:03:06Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114836 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Brazil.<ref name=":0" /> Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Brazil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Brazil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3 559 366 neɗɗo,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602180952/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Brazil. Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Brazilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.<ref name="estra">{{cite web|title=Quase metade de Curitiba é dos "estrangeiros"|publisher=Bem Paraná|language=pt|access-date=6 August 2008|url=http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922092532/http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-date=22 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Brazil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|title=The Brazilian city Curitiba awarded the Globe Sustainable City Award 2010|publisher=globeforum.com|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212832/http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Brazil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|title=Brazil Outsourcing: Curitiba Comes on Strong as 'Silicon Valley South'|date=21 April 2010|publisher=Nearshore Americas|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014133919/http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723101730/http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 July 2012|title=Bestcitiestolivein.net|publisher=Bestcitiestolivein.net|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Brazil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Brazil wonande sukaaɓe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/album/10-capitais-mais-seguras-jovens-brasil-indice-vulnerabilidade-violencia-734424.shtml?&foto=4|title=As 10 capitais mais seguras para os jovens do Brasil|website=Planetasustentavel.abril.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102042801/http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/album/10-capitais-mais-seguras-jovens-brasil-indice-vulnerabilidade-violencia-734424.shtml?&foto=4|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/economia/20150918/curitiba-eleita-melhor-cidade-brasil-pelo-ranking-istoe-austin-ratings/300248|title=Curitiba é eleita a melhor cidade do Brasil pelo ranking Istoé/Austin Ratings – ISTOÉ DINHEIRO|date=18 September 2015|website=Istoedinheiro.com.br|access-date=9 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201145311/https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/economia/20150918/curitiba-eleita-melhor-cidade-brasil-pelo-ranking-istoe-austin-ratings/300248|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/economia/pos-e-carreira/por-que-o-mercado-de-trabalho-de-curitiba-ainda-continua-demitindo-868i7lb2m3rmofjytl3yhy1l5|title=Curitiba foi a segunda capital que mais demitiu em 2017|access-date=2 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714193243/https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/economia/pos-e-carreira/por-que-o-mercado-de-trabalho-de-curitiba-ainda-continua-demitindo-868i7lb2m3rmofjytl3yhy1l5|archive-date=14 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 5cf0v0eb3iep9kt7w6clw4zeeevdhdd 114837 114836 2025-06-30T22:03:33Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114837 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Brazil.<ref name=":0" /> Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Brazil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Brazil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3,559,366 neɗɗo,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602180952/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Brazil. Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Brazilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.<ref name="estra">{{cite web|title=Quase metade de Curitiba é dos "estrangeiros"|publisher=Bem Paraná|language=pt|access-date=6 August 2008|url=http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922092532/http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-date=22 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Brazil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|title=The Brazilian city Curitiba awarded the Globe Sustainable City Award 2010|publisher=globeforum.com|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212832/http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Brazil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|title=Brazil Outsourcing: Curitiba Comes on Strong as 'Silicon Valley South'|date=21 April 2010|publisher=Nearshore Americas|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014133919/http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723101730/http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 July 2012|title=Bestcitiestolivein.net|publisher=Bestcitiestolivein.net|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Brazil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Brazil wonande sukaaɓe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/album/10-capitais-mais-seguras-jovens-brasil-indice-vulnerabilidade-violencia-734424.shtml?&foto=4|title=As 10 capitais mais seguras para os jovens do Brasil|website=Planetasustentavel.abril.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102042801/http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/album/10-capitais-mais-seguras-jovens-brasil-indice-vulnerabilidade-violencia-734424.shtml?&foto=4|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/economia/20150918/curitiba-eleita-melhor-cidade-brasil-pelo-ranking-istoe-austin-ratings/300248|title=Curitiba é eleita a melhor cidade do Brasil pelo ranking Istoé/Austin Ratings – ISTOÉ DINHEIRO|date=18 September 2015|website=Istoedinheiro.com.br|access-date=9 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201145311/https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/economia/20150918/curitiba-eleita-melhor-cidade-brasil-pelo-ranking-istoe-austin-ratings/300248|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/economia/pos-e-carreira/por-que-o-mercado-de-trabalho-de-curitiba-ainda-continua-demitindo-868i7lb2m3rmofjytl3yhy1l5|title=Curitiba foi a segunda capital que mais demitiu em 2017|access-date=2 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714193243/https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/economia/pos-e-carreira/por-que-o-mercado-de-trabalho-de-curitiba-ainda-continua-demitindo-868i7lb2m3rmofjytl3yhy1l5|archive-date=14 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] thac6nz092eyxn5wya5uq6a6262jk6d 114838 114837 2025-06-30T22:04:05Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114838 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Curitiba'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Jardimbotanicocuritiba.jpg|310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=25_25_47_S_49_16_19_W 25° 25' 47" S 49° 16' 19" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier:Curitiba_Parana_Brazil.png|150px]] |- |} |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier:Curitiba in Brazil.png|270px]] |} '''Curitiba''' (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko laamorgo e wuro ɓurngo mawnude e nder diiwaan Parana to Fuɗnaange Brazil.<ref name=":0" /> Yimɓe wuro ngo ko 1,773,718 e hitaande 2022, ɗum waɗi ngo wuro go’o ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leydi Brazil, ngo ɓuri mawnude e nder diiwaan Brazil to bannge worgo. Nokkuure mawnde Curitiba ina waɗi kominaaji 29 tawi yimɓe mum en ina tolnoo e 3,559,366 neɗɗo,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Região Metropolitana de Curitiba cresce 10% em 12 anos, indica Censo|url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2023/06/28/regiao-metropolitana-de-curitiba-cresceu-10percent-em-12-anos-indica-censo.ghtml|access-date=2024-06-25|website=G1|language=pt-br}}</ref> ko ɗum woni nokkuure mawnde nayaɓere ɓurnde heewde yimɓe e nder leydi ndii. Wuro ngo ina jooɗii e dow ŋoral 932 m (3 058 ft) dow koye maayo. Nde woni ko bannge worgo laamorgo Paranaguá, nde woni ko e laaɗe diwooje Afonso Pena hakkunde leyɗeele e Bacacheri. Curitiba ko nokku keewɗo faayiida to bannge pinal, politik, e faggudu e nder Amerik Latin<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|title=Curitiba|website=Rnestrangeiros.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227011053/http://www.rnestrangeiros.com.br/#!location/galleryPage|archive-date=27 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>, ina jaɓɓoo Duɗal Jaaɓi-haaɗtirde Fedde Paraná, sosaande e hitaande 1912. E teeminannde 19ɓiire, nokkuure Curitiba moƴƴere hakkunde laddeeji e luumooji, addani njulaagu jawdi ƴellitaade e yaajde wuro ngoo. Caggal ɗuum, hakkunde 1850 e 1950, nde mawni sabu leɗɗe e yaajde ndema e nder diiwaan Paraná (leɗɗe Araucaria angustifolia gadane, caggal ɗuum ndema mate e kafe e nder kitaale 1970 ndema alkama, gawri e soya). E kitaale 1850, ɓulli eggooɓe Oropnaaɓe ngari e Curitiba, ko ɓuri heewde e mum en ko Almaañnaaɓe, Itaalinaaɓe, Poloñnaaɓe e Ukrainnaaɓe, ɓe mballitii e ƴellitaare faggudu e pinal wuro ngoo e ngalu keewceeral.<ref name="curitiba-parana">{{cite web|url=http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|title=Tradições Culturais|publisher=Curitiba-parana.net|access-date=7 March 2011|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211165316/http://www.curitiba-parana.net/tradicoes.htm|archive-date=11 February 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Hannde, ko seeɗa tan eggiyankooɓe ngartata, ko ɓuri heewde ko ummoriiɓe Fuɗnaange hakkundeejo<ref name="paimeas">{{cite web|title=A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba|publisher=Etni-cidade|language=pt|access-date=3 October 2008|url=http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205114702/http://www.etni-cidade.net/2008/a_imigracao_arabe.htm|archive-date=5 December 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> e leyɗeele goɗɗe Amerik worgo. Yaajde Curitiba ɓurnde mawnude waɗi ko caggal kitaale 1960, e peewnugol wuro keso ngo addani yimɓe ɓeydaade gila e teemedde ujunnaaje haa ko ɓuri miliyoŋ neɗɗo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|access-date=31 July 2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602180952/http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=410690|archive-date=2 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Faggudu Curitiba tuugii ko e njulaagu e sarwisaaji, ko kañum woni nayaɓo e nder leydi Brazil. Ɓeydagol faggudu waɗii e yahdu e njilluuji keewɗi e nder leydi Brazilnaaɓe ummoriiɓe nokkuuji goɗɗi e nder leydi ndii, sibu ko ina wona feccere e yimɓe wuro ngoo jibinaaka e Curitiba.<ref name="estra">{{cite web|title=Quase metade de Curitiba é dos "estrangeiros"|publisher=Bem Paraná|language=pt|access-date=6 August 2008|url=http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922092532/http://www.bemparana.com.br/index.php?n=23799&t=quase-metade-de-curitiba-e-dosestrangeiros|archive-date=22 September 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure seeɗa Brazil jogiiɗe Indeks ƴellitaare aadee toownde no feewi (0.856) e hitaande 2010 nde heɓi njeenaari winndereeri duumotoondi, ndi rokketee ko gure e kominaaji ɓurɗi waawde ƴellitaare gure duumotooɗe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|title=The Brazilian city Curitiba awarded the Globe Sustainable City Award 2010|publisher=globeforum.com|access-date=7 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714212832/http://globeaward.org/winner-city-2010.html|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> E wiyde jaaynde Amerik wiyeteende Reader's Digest, Curitiba woni "wuro mawngo Brazil" ɓurngo moƴƴude ɗo hoɗi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|title=Brazil Outsourcing: Curitiba Comes on Strong as 'Silicon Valley South'|date=21 April 2010|publisher=Nearshore Americas|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014133919/http://nearshoreamericas.com/brazil-outsourcing-curibita-comes-on-strong-as-silicon-valley-south/|archive-date=14 October 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723101730/http://www.bestcitiestolivein.net/curitiba-brazil-the-best-city-to-live-in-south-america-a-melhor-cidade-do-brasil.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 July 2012|title=Bestcitiestolivein.net|publisher=Bestcitiestolivein.net|access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref> Curitiba ina hiisee ina famɗi no feewi e tolnooji leydi Brazil, kadi wuro ngoo ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe kisal e nder leydi Brazil wonande sukaaɓe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/album/10-capitais-mais-seguras-jovens-brasil-indice-vulnerabilidade-violencia-734424.shtml?&foto=4|title=As 10 capitais mais seguras para os jovens do Brasil|website=Planetasustentavel.abril.com.br|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102042801/http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/album/10-capitais-mais-seguras-jovens-brasil-indice-vulnerabilidade-violencia-734424.shtml?&foto=4|archive-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo kadi ina hiisee wonde ngo ɓuri moƴƴude ngam waɗde heen ngalu e nder leydi Brazil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/economia/20150918/curitiba-eleita-melhor-cidade-brasil-pelo-ranking-istoe-austin-ratings/300248|title=Curitiba é eleita a melhor cidade do Brasil pelo ranking Istoé/Austin Ratings – ISTOÉ DINHEIRO|date=18 September 2015|website=Istoedinheiro.com.br|access-date=9 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201145311/https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/noticias/economia/20150918/curitiba-eleita-melhor-cidade-brasil-pelo-ranking-istoe-austin-ratings/300248|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Curitiba ina jeyaa e gure jaɓɓotooɗe kawgel fuku winndere 1950, kadi kadi ngam kawgel fuku winndere 2014. Ko wonaa kollitooje renndo moƴƴe, wuro ngo ina jogii ŋakkeende golle ɓurnde heewde e gure goɗɗe e nder diiwaan hee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/economia/pos-e-carreira/por-que-o-mercado-de-trabalho-de-curitiba-ainda-continua-demitindo-868i7lb2m3rmofjytl3yhy1l5|title=Curitiba foi a segunda capital que mais demitiu em 2017|access-date=2 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180714193243/https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/economia/pos-e-carreira/por-que-o-mercado-de-trabalho-de-curitiba-ainda-continua-demitindo-868i7lb2m3rmofjytl3yhy1l5|archive-date=14 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> * https://web.archive.org/web/20140626034932/http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br/ * http://www.curitiba-brazil.com {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] fq2r26nq7xtyhphft3y8853cxc4z819 0 2830 114638 99004 2025-06-30T19:41:48Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114638 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Osasco'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier: Bras%C3%A3o_Osasco.gif |310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=23_31_58_S_46_47_31_W 23° 31' 58" S 46° 47' 31" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier: SaoPaulo_Municip_Osasco.svg |150px]] |- |} |- |} '''Osasco''' ko galluure e nder diiwaan Sao Paulo to [[Barazil]], woni ko e diiwaan Sao Paulo mawɗo[3], woni joyaɓo e keewal yimɓe e nder gure Sao Paulo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200614144326/https://geoftp.ibge.gov.br/organizacao_do_territorio/estrutura_territorial/divisao_territorial/2008/dtb_2008.zip Divisão Territorial do Brasil]</ref> E wiyde IBGE 2015, Osasco woni hannde leydi nayaɓiri ɓurndi heewde ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil, kadi woni leydi ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi mawnude e nder diiwaan São Paulo. Yimɓe leydi ndii ko 699 944 (2020 est.) e nder wertallo 64,95 km2 (25,08 miil kaaree).[4] Ngo jeyaa ko e gure ɓurɗe heewde yimɓe e winndere ndee, nannduɗe e Tokiyoo e wuro New York. Ko ɗum hiisetee ko caka wuro mawngo e nder feccere hirnaange São Paulo mawɗo. Ko diiwaan wuro São Paulo haa ñalnde 19 feebariyee 1962, nde Osasco wonti municipaalitee mum.[5] Motto wuro man woni Urbs labor, wolde Latin nde ɗon nufa "Kuugal wuro man." == Tariya == === Jamanuuji ko adii Kolommbi === Diiwaan mo Osasco woni hannde oo, ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Tupi-Guaraní hoɗnoo. === Beresiil koloñaal === Banndiraaɓe hoɗnoo ko e diiwaan biyeteeɗo hannde Osasko, ndeen ina wiyee « Vila de Quitauna ». « Bandeirante » lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Antonio Raposo Tavares hoɗiino toon. == Fuɗɗoode jamaanu hannde == Osasco sosaa ko e teeminannde 19ɓiire, ko egguɗo Itaalinaajo biyeteeɗo Antônio Giuseppe Agù (hannde innde gooto e laabi mawɗi Osasco). O ummorii ko komin Osasco to diiwaan Turin to leydi Itali. Eggooɓe ummoriiɓe Itali, Espaañ, Portigaal, Almaañ, Armeni, Liban, Palestiin e Japon ngari Osasco e nder yontaaji garooji e teeminannde 19ɓiire e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, iwdi maɓɓe ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Osasco. == Jeytaare == Osasco heɓi hoore mum e wuro Sao Paulo ñalnde 19 feebariyee 1962.[5] E hitaande 1968, usine Cobrasma waɗi seppo. Plaza de vente yani e hitaande 1996. Blimp yani e hitaande 2024. {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] [[Category:Stub]] kncjxfp9sc4uz74w9ectwgjq4dopr8x 114639 114638 2025-06-30T19:42:27Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114639 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Osasco'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier: Bras%C3%A3o_Osasco.gif |310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=23_31_58_S_46_47_31_W 23° 31' 58" S 46° 47' 31" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier: SaoPaulo_Municip_Osasco.svg |150px]] |- |} |- |} '''Osasco''' ko galluure e nder diiwaan Sao Paulo to [[Barazil]], woni ko e diiwaan Sao Paulo mawɗo[3], woni joyaɓo e keewal yimɓe e nder gure Sao Paulo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200614144326/https://geoftp.ibge.gov.br/organizacao_do_territorio/estrutura_territorial/divisao_territorial/2008/dtb_2008.zip Divisão Territorial do Brasil]</ref> E wiyde IBGE 2015, Osasco woni hannde leydi nayaɓiri ɓurndi heewde ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil, kadi woni leydi ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi mawnude e nder diiwaan São Paulo. Yimɓe leydi ndii ko 699 944 (2020 est.) e nder wertallo 64,95 km2 (25,08 miil kaaree).<ref name="IBGE2">{{cite web|title=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|url=http://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2018/estimativa_dou_2018_20181019.pdf|year=2018|quote=2018 Estimates of Population|access-date=March 6, 2019|language=pt-BR|format=PDF|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725050822/http://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2018/estimativa_dou_2018_20181019.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Ngo jeyaa ko e gure ɓurɗe heewde yimɓe e winndere ndee, nannduɗe e Tokiyoo e wuro New York. Ko ɗum hiisetee ko caka wuro mawngo e nder feccere hirnaange São Paulo mawɗo. Ko diiwaan wuro São Paulo haa ñalnde 19 feebariyee 1962, nde Osasco wonti municipaalitee mum.[5] Motto wuro man woni Urbs labor, wolde Latin nde ɗon nufa "Kuugal wuro man." == Tariya == === Jamanuuji ko adii Kolommbi === Diiwaan mo Osasco woni hannde oo, ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Tupi-Guaraní hoɗnoo. === Beresiil koloñaal === Banndiraaɓe hoɗnoo ko e diiwaan biyeteeɗo hannde Osasko, ndeen ina wiyee « Vila de Quitauna ». « Bandeirante » lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Antonio Raposo Tavares hoɗiino toon. == Fuɗɗoode jamaanu hannde == Osasco sosaa ko e teeminannde 19ɓiire, ko egguɗo Itaalinaajo biyeteeɗo Antônio Giuseppe Agù (hannde innde gooto e laabi mawɗi Osasco). O ummorii ko komin Osasco to diiwaan Turin to leydi Itali. Eggooɓe ummoriiɓe Itali, Espaañ, Portigaal, Almaañ, Armeni, Liban, Palestiin e Japon ngari Osasco e nder yontaaji garooji e teeminannde 19ɓiire e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, iwdi maɓɓe ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Osasco. == Jeytaare == Osasco heɓi hoore mum e wuro Sao Paulo ñalnde 19 feebariyee 1962.[5] E hitaande 1968, usine Cobrasma waɗi seppo. Plaza de vente yani e hitaande 1996. Blimp yani e hitaande 2024. {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] [[Category:Stub]] gwykr39gofa27s6ax3fwyuekivjprk6 114640 114639 2025-06-30T19:43:48Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114640 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Osasco'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier: Bras%C3%A3o_Osasco.gif |310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=23_31_58_S_46_47_31_W 23° 31' 58" S 46° 47' 31" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier: SaoPaulo_Municip_Osasco.svg |150px]] |- |} |- |} '''Osasco''' ko galluure e nder diiwaan Sao Paulo to [[Barazil]], woni ko e diiwaan Sao Paulo mawɗo[3], woni joyaɓo e keewal yimɓe e nder gure Sao Paulo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200614144326/https://geoftp.ibge.gov.br/organizacao_do_territorio/estrutura_territorial/divisao_territorial/2008/dtb_2008.zip Divisão Territorial do Brasil]</ref> E wiyde IBGE 2015, Osasco woni hannde leydi nayaɓiri ɓurndi heewde ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil, kadi woni leydi ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi mawnude e nder diiwaan São Paulo. Yimɓe leydi ndii ko 699 944 (2020 est.) e nder wertallo 64,95 km2 (25,08sq km).<ref name="IBGE2">{{cite web|title=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|url=http://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2018/estimativa_dou_2018_20181019.pdf|year=2018|quote=2018 Estimates of Population|access-date=March 6, 2019|language=pt-BR|format=PDF|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725050822/http://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2018/estimativa_dou_2018_20181019.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Ngo jeyaa ko e gure ɓurɗe heewde yimɓe e winndere ndee, nannduɗe e Tokiyoo e wuro New York. Ko ɗum hiisetee ko caka wuro mawngo e nder feccere hirnaange São Paulo mawɗo. Ko diiwaan wuro São Paulo haa ñalnde 19 Febrayru1962, nde Osasco wonti municipaalitee mum.<ref name="hist">[http://cod.ibge.gov.br/WNQ IBGE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215013516/https://www.ibge.gov.br/|date=15 February 2024}}, history</ref> Motto wuro man woni Urbs labor, wolde Latin nde ɗon nufa "Kuugal wuro man". == Tariya == === Jamanuuji ko adii Kolommbi === Diiwaan mo Osasco woni hannde oo, ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Tupi-Guaraní hoɗnoo. === Beresiil koloñaal === Banndiraaɓe hoɗnoo ko e diiwaan biyeteeɗo hannde Osasko, ndeen ina wiyee « Vila de Quitauna ». « Bandeirante » lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Antonio Raposo Tavares hoɗiino toon. == Fuɗɗoode jamaanu hannde == Osasco sosaa ko e teeminannde 19ɓiire, ko egguɗo Itaalinaajo biyeteeɗo Antônio Giuseppe Agù (hannde innde gooto e laabi mawɗi Osasco). O ummorii ko komin Osasco to diiwaan Turin to leydi Itali. Eggooɓe ummoriiɓe Itali, Espaañ, Portigaal, Almaañ, Armeni, Liban, Palestiin e Japon ngari Osasco e nder yontaaji garooji e teeminannde 19ɓiire e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, iwdi maɓɓe ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Osasco. == Jeytaare == Osasco heɓi hoore mum e wuro Sao Paulo ñalnde 19 feebariyee 1962.[5] E hitaande 1968, usine Cobrasma waɗi seppo. Plaza de vente yani e hitaande 1996. Blimp yani e hitaande 2024. {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] [[Category:Stub]] be4nk9q9hvcdpm7fiynrp90bh9ox9o2 114641 114640 2025-06-30T19:44:20Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114641 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Osasco'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier: Bras%C3%A3o_Osasco.gif |310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=23_31_58_S_46_47_31_W 23° 31' 58" S 46° 47' 31" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier: SaoPaulo_Municip_Osasco.svg |150px]] |- |} |- |} '''Osasco''' ko galluure e nder diiwaan Sao Paulo to [[Barazil]], woni ko e diiwaan Sao Paulo mawɗo[3], woni joyaɓo e keewal yimɓe e nder gure Sao Paulo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200614144326/https://geoftp.ibge.gov.br/organizacao_do_territorio/estrutura_territorial/divisao_territorial/2008/dtb_2008.zip Divisão Territorial do Brasil]</ref> E wiyde IBGE 2015, Osasco woni hannde leydi nayaɓiri ɓurndi heewde ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil, kadi woni leydi ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi mawnude e nder diiwaan São Paulo. Yimɓe leydi ndii ko 699 944 (2020 est.) e nder wertallo 64,95 km2 (25,08sq km).<ref name="IBGE2">{{cite web|title=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|url=http://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2018/estimativa_dou_2018_20181019.pdf|year=2018|quote=2018 Estimates of Population|access-date=March 6, 2019|language=pt-BR|format=PDF|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725050822/http://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2018/estimativa_dou_2018_20181019.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Ngo jeyaa ko e gure ɓurɗe heewde yimɓe e winndere ndee, nannduɗe e Tokiyoo e wuro New York. Ko ɗum hiisetee ko caka wuro mawngo e nder feccere hirnaange São Paulo mawɗo. Ko diiwaan wuro São Paulo haa ñalnde 19 Febrayru1962, nde Osasco wonti municipaalitee mum.<ref name="hist">[http://cod.ibge.gov.br/WNQ IBGE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215013516/https://www.ibge.gov.br/|date=15 February 2024}}, history</ref> Motto wuro man woni Urbs labor, wolde Latin nde ɗon nufa "Kuugal wuro man". == Tariya == === Jamanuuji ko adii Kolommbi === Diiwaan mo Osasco woni hannde oo, ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Tupi-Guaraní hoɗnoo. === Beresiil koloñaal === Banndiraaɓe hoɗnoo ko e diiwaan biyeteeɗo hannde Osasko, ndeen ina wiyee « Vila de Quitauna ». « Bandeirante » lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Antonio Raposo Tavares hoɗiino toon. == Fuɗɗoode jamaanu hannde == Osasco sosaa ko e teeminannde 19ɓiire, ko egguɗo Itaalinaajo biyeteeɗo Antônio Giuseppe Agù (hannde innde gooto e laabi mawɗi Osasco). O ummorii ko komin Osasco to diiwaan Turin to leydi Itali. Eggooɓe ummoriiɓe Itali, Espaañ, Portigaal, Almaañ, Armeni, Liban, Palestiin e Japon ngari Osasco e nder yontaaji garooji e teeminannde 19ɓiire e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, iwdi maɓɓe ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Osasco. == Jeytaare == Osasco heɓi hoore mum e wuro Sao Paulo ñalnde 19 feebariyee 1962.<ref name="hist2">[http://cod.ibge.gov.br/WNQ IBGE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215013516/https://www.ibge.gov.br/|date=15 February 2024}}, history</ref> E hitaande 1968, usine Cobrasma waɗi seppo. Plaza de vente yani e hitaande 1996. Blimp yani e hitaande 2024. {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] [[Category:Stub]] 3djndvn606kqn2cty9m1pgzx9vb34j8 114642 114641 2025-06-30T19:46:27Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114642 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Osasco'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier: Bras%C3%A3o_Osasco.gif |310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=23_31_58_S_46_47_31_W 23° 31' 58" S 46° 47' 31" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier: SaoPaulo_Municip_Osasco.svg |150px]] |- |} |- |} '''Osasco''' ko galluure e nder diiwaan Sao Paulo to [[Barazil]], woni ko e diiwaan Sao Paulo mawɗo[3], woni joyaɓo e keewal yimɓe e nder gure Sao Paulo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200614144326/https://geoftp.ibge.gov.br/organizacao_do_territorio/estrutura_territorial/divisao_territorial/2008/dtb_2008.zip Divisão Territorial do Brasil]</ref> E wiyde IBGE 2015, Osasco woni hannde leydi nayaɓiri ɓurndi heewde ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil, kadi woni leydi ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi mawnude e nder diiwaan São Paulo. Yimɓe leydi ndii ko 699 944 (2020 est.) e nder wertallo 64,95 km2 (25,08sq km).<ref name="IBGE2">{{cite web|title=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|url=http://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2018/estimativa_dou_2018_20181019.pdf|year=2018|quote=2018 Estimates of Population|access-date=March 6, 2019|language=pt-BR|format=PDF|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725050822/http://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2018/estimativa_dou_2018_20181019.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Ngo jeyaa ko e gure ɓurɗe heewde yimɓe e winndere ndee, nannduɗe e Tokiyoo e wuro New York. Ko ɗum hiisetee ko caka wuro mawngo e nder feccere hirnaange São Paulo mawɗo. Ko diiwaan wuro São Paulo haa ñalnde 19 Febraayru1962, nde Osasco wonti municipaalitee mum.<ref name="hist">[http://cod.ibge.gov.br/WNQ IBGE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215013516/https://www.ibge.gov.br/|date=15 February 2024}}, history</ref> Motto wuro man woni Urbs labor, wolde Latin nde ɗon nufa "Kuugal wuro man". == Tariya == === Jamanuuji ko adii Kolommbi === Diiwaan mo Osasco woni hannde oo, ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Tupi-Guaraní hoɗnoo. === Beresiil koloñaal === Banndiraaɓe hoɗnoo ko e diiwaan biyeteeɗo hannde Osasko, ndeen ina wiyee "Vila de Quitauna". "Bandeirante" lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Antonio Raposo Tavares hoɗiino toon. == Fuɗɗoode jamaanu hannde == Osasco sosaa ko e teeminannde 19ɓiire, ko egguɗo Itaalinaajo biyeteeɗo Antônio Giuseppe Agù (hannde innde gooto e laabi mawɗi Osasco). O ummorii ko komin Osasco to diiwaan Turin to leydi Itaaliya. Eggooɓe ummoriiɓe Itali, Espaañ, Portigaal, Almaañ, Armeniya, Liban, Palestiin e Japon ngari Osasco e nder yontaaji garooji e teeminannde 19ɓiire e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20th, iwdi maɓɓe ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Osasco. == Jeytaare == Osasco heɓi hoore mum e wuro Sao Paulo ñalnde 19 Febraayru 1962.<ref name="hist2">[http://cod.ibge.gov.br/WNQ IBGE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215013516/https://www.ibge.gov.br/|date=15 February 2024}}, history</ref> E hitaande 1968, usine Cobrasma waɗi seppo. Plaza de vente yani e hitaande 1996. Blimp yani e hitaande 2024. {{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] [[Category:Stub]] 603g4grjux9zzegyu74ofvjkga0ivzw 114643 114642 2025-06-30T19:47:07Z De-Invincible 7477 /* Jeytaare */ #1Lib1RefNG 114643 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Osasco'''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fichier: Bras%C3%A3o_Osasco.gif |310px|right|thumb| [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=23_31_58_S_46_47_31_W 23° 31' 58" S 46° 47' 31" O]]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fichier: SaoPaulo_Municip_Osasco.svg |150px]] |- |} |- |} '''Osasco''' ko galluure e nder diiwaan Sao Paulo to [[Barazil]], woni ko e diiwaan Sao Paulo mawɗo[3], woni joyaɓo e keewal yimɓe e nder gure Sao Paulo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200614144326/https://geoftp.ibge.gov.br/organizacao_do_territorio/estrutura_territorial/divisao_territorial/2008/dtb_2008.zip Divisão Territorial do Brasil]</ref> E wiyde IBGE 2015, Osasco woni hannde leydi nayaɓiri ɓurndi heewde ngalu e nder leydi Beresiil, kadi woni leydi ɗiɗmiri ɓurndi mawnude e nder diiwaan São Paulo. Yimɓe leydi ndii ko 699 944 (2020 est.) e nder wertallo 64,95 km2 (25,08sq km).<ref name="IBGE2">{{cite web|title=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|url=http://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2018/estimativa_dou_2018_20181019.pdf|year=2018|quote=2018 Estimates of Population|access-date=March 6, 2019|language=pt-BR|format=PDF|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725050822/http://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2018/estimativa_dou_2018_20181019.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Ngo jeyaa ko e gure ɓurɗe heewde yimɓe e winndere ndee, nannduɗe e Tokiyoo e wuro New York. Ko ɗum hiisetee ko caka wuro mawngo e nder feccere hirnaange São Paulo mawɗo. Ko diiwaan wuro São Paulo haa ñalnde 19 Febraayru1962, nde Osasco wonti municipaalitee mum.<ref name="hist">[http://cod.ibge.gov.br/WNQ IBGE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215013516/https://www.ibge.gov.br/|date=15 February 2024}}, history</ref> Motto wuro man woni Urbs labor, wolde Latin nde ɗon nufa "Kuugal wuro man". == Tariya == === Jamanuuji ko adii Kolommbi === Diiwaan mo Osasco woni hannde oo, ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Tupi-Guaraní hoɗnoo. === Beresiil koloñaal === Banndiraaɓe hoɗnoo ko e diiwaan biyeteeɗo hannde Osasko, ndeen ina wiyee "Vila de Quitauna". "Bandeirante" lolluɗo biyeteeɗo Antonio Raposo Tavares hoɗiino toon. == Fuɗɗoode jamaanu hannde == Osasco sosaa ko e teeminannde 19ɓiire, ko egguɗo Itaalinaajo biyeteeɗo Antônio Giuseppe Agù (hannde innde gooto e laabi mawɗi Osasco). O ummorii ko komin Osasco to diiwaan Turin to leydi Itaaliya. Eggooɓe ummoriiɓe Itali, Espaañ, Portigaal, Almaañ, Armeniya, Liban, Palestiin e Japon ngari Osasco e nder yontaaji garooji e teeminannde 19ɓiire e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20th, iwdi maɓɓe ɓuri heewde e yimɓe Osasco. == Jeytaare == Osasco heɓi hoore mum e wuro Sao Paulo ñalnde 19 Febraayru 1962.<ref name="hist2">[http://cod.ibge.gov.br/WNQ IBGE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215013516/https://www.ibge.gov.br/|date=15 February 2024}}, history</ref> E hitaande 1968, usine Cobrasma waɗi seppo. Plaza de vente yani e hitaande 1996. Blimp yani e hitaande 2024. == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] [[Category:Stub]] mhxr99r2gt5e24bj995s1nwxdg3fvmq 0 3729 114784 112518 2025-06-30T21:21:29Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114784 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange ; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1 182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),[38] ina tolnoo e 6 000 000 neɗɗo.[39] Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko « Cidade Maravilhosa », ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer ; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca ; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista ; Jardiin Botanique;[40] Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.[41] Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.[42] === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.[43] Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.[44] Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.[45][46] Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.[47]{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] i8723regglq8pv9kryhqo76iyiwm8f5 114785 114784 2025-06-30T21:22:27Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114785 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1 182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),[38] ina tolnoo e 6 000 000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer ; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca ; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista ; Jardiin Botanique;[40] Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.[41] Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.[42] === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.[43] Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.[44] Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.[45][46] Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.[47]{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] szq6csoi47i8ljjp1yz3uyr566gl6bv 114786 114785 2025-06-30T21:23:17Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114786 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6 000 000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer ; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca ; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista ; Jardiin Botanique;[40] Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.[41] Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.[42] === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.[43] Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.[44] Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.[45][46] Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.[47]{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] bqusdpa7t5z0j2u3wvm8tjthqvapnt1 114787 114786 2025-06-30T21:24:06Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114787 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6 000 000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.[41] Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.[42] === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.[43] Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.[44] Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.[45][46] Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.[47]{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 2rp6cjypwmtih6zckpghg5loadqedlz 114788 114787 2025-06-30T21:24:59Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114788 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6 000 000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.[42] === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.[43] Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.[44] Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.[45][46] Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.[47]{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 7oszsf68wukhggaexr3i9ymxl983p92 114789 114788 2025-06-30T21:25:20Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114789 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.[42] === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.[43] Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.[44] Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.[45][46] Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.[47]{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 7ne3ija0ejl5wfasaa2zzzlba1d7ts9 114790 114789 2025-06-30T21:26:18Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114790 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.[43] Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.[44] Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.[45][46] Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.[47]{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 1ct8kdxihl8tamuxqbiw3paclglx3fj 114791 114790 2025-06-30T21:26:40Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114791 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.[44] Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.[45][46] Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.[47]{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] ozp5wsft5nzsak51jogcdxfjogl06sb 114792 114791 2025-06-30T21:27:09Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114792 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.[45][46] Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.[47]{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 7mouerkqtos4a9f2ysbao3stxco0dnc 114793 114792 2025-06-30T21:27:35Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114793 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.[47]{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] a4xs1saxu85dry8a2abj7f69uestxby 114794 114793 2025-06-30T21:28:17Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114794 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.[47]{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] qdngoi7mgxqzewk4lluok1jch24090f 114795 114794 2025-06-30T21:28:52Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114795 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 3od35u19t7qe5rdgfuuya6s1mookz6y 114796 114795 2025-06-30T21:34:39Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114796 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} == Wakati == [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Marse.[1] Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.[2] Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.[3][4][5] Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.[6][7][8] Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.[9][10] Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.[11] Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.[12] Kabel Sugarloaf ina ɓadii summit Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki ; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi[4]1. E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] nmgu64slfd4zpn31b30cc4zurbx2wb2 114797 114796 2025-06-30T21:35:21Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114797 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.[2] Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.[3][4][5] Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.[6][7][8] Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.[9][10] Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.[11] Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.[12] Kabel Sugarloaf ina ɓadii summit Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki ; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi[4]1. E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] pl1zaadxe24n29mklkg8jwr4tng98xv 114798 114797 2025-06-30T21:35:52Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114798 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.[3][4][5] Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.[6][7][8] Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.[9][10] Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.[11] Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.[12] Kabel Sugarloaf ina ɓadii summit Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki ; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi[4]1. E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] myegk3jtsmzzb2krdjo06p51o5oxq1v 114799 114798 2025-06-30T21:37:22Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114799 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.[6][7][8] Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.[9][10] Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.[11] Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.[12] Kabel Sugarloaf ina ɓadii summit Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki ; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi[4]1. E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] gqtcjekywq45964npslo0egxb974qmh 114800 114799 2025-06-30T21:37:42Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114800 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.[6][7][8] Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.[9][10] Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.[11] Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.[12] Kabel Sugarloaf ina ɓadii summit Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki ; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi[4]1. E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] a8bjwk299h4jfcqrv8l7fchnt4psii0 114801 114800 2025-06-30T21:38:40Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114801 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.[6][7][8] Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.[9][10] Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.[11] Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.[12] Kabel Sugarloaf ina ɓadii summit Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki ; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi[4]1. E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] fjlxcsz21jbcukgjrdj01avu5lfwu0j 114802 114801 2025-06-30T21:39:13Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114802 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.[9][10] Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.[11] Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.[12] Kabel Sugarloaf ina ɓadii summit Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki ; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi[4]1. E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] pcifbo33ol4y3xi8yrgln3yrqvy6ogv 114803 114802 2025-06-30T21:39:31Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114803 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.[9][10] Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.[11] Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.[12] Kabel Sugarloaf ina ɓadii summit Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki ; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi[4]1. E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 9kt295jhn80k5rycwyun4kduumow4x4 114804 114803 2025-06-30T21:39:47Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114804 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.[9][10] Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.[11] Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.[12] Kabel Sugarloaf ina ɓadii summit Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki ; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi[4]1. E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 8p3jemgbrq9b2s6cj55uv7hwi130c5l 114805 114804 2025-06-30T21:40:59Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114805 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.[11] Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.[12] Kabel Sugarloaf ina ɓadii summit Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki ; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi[4]1. E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] s4e7jvawsypxg6tge2wj0vbds3txqti 114806 114805 2025-06-30T21:41:25Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114806 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.[11] Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.[12] Kabel Sugarloaf ina ɓadii summit Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki ; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi[4]1. E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] o4oo25lwoa6rey6sx8t0i3lg97ctf5q 114807 114806 2025-06-30T21:42:00Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114807 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html Storm with winds above {{cvt|90|km/h|0}} kill one in Rio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131453/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html|date=8 May 2013}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.[12] Kabel Sugarloaf ina ɓadii summit Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki ; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi[4]1. E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 2aa4njo9cnnase1sx9i3ushbkln7e6z 114808 114807 2025-06-30T21:42:20Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114808 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html Storm with winds above {{cvt|90|km/h|0}} kill one in Rio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131453/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html|date=8 May 2013}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2015|title=Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202134452/http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Kabel Sugarloaf ina ɓadii summit Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki ; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi[4]1. E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] aphoemdqq7yh85fadhdteipt6f3dj99 114809 114808 2025-06-30T21:45:16Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114809 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru feebariyee–marse 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html Storm with winds above {{cvt|90|km/h|0}} kill one in Rio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131453/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html|date=8 May 2013}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2015|title=Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202134452/http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2010|title=Com sensação térmica de 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas se refugiram do calor nas praias|trans-title=Feeling like 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas bathe in beaches trying to escape from the heat|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL1502179-5606,00-COM+SENSACAO+TERMICA+DE+C+CARIOCAS+SE+REFUGIAM+DO+CALOR+NAS+PRAIAS.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226030724/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0%2C%2CMUL1502179-5606%2C00-COM%2BSENSACAO%2BTERMICA%2BDE%2BC%2BCARIOCAS%2BSE%2BREFUGIAM%2BDO%2BCALOR%2BNAS%2BPRAIAS.html|archive-date=26 February 2010|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=G1|language=pt}}</ref> E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] rjj2whxcambvahxy7younbl3jhcl0qy 114810 114809 2025-06-30T21:46:00Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114810 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru Febraayru–Maaris 2013 e lewru lewru januyee 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html Storm with winds above {{cvt|90|km/h|0}} kill one in Rio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131453/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html|date=8 May 2013}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2015|title=Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202134452/http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2010|title=Com sensação térmica de 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas se refugiram do calor nas praias|trans-title=Feeling like 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas bathe in beaches trying to escape from the heat|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL1502179-5606,00-COM+SENSACAO+TERMICA+DE+C+CARIOCAS+SE+REFUGIAM+DO+CALOR+NAS+PRAIAS.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226030724/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0%2C%2CMUL1502179-5606%2C00-COM%2BSENSACAO%2BTERMICA%2BDE%2BC%2BCARIOCAS%2BSE%2BREFUGIAM%2BDO%2BCALOR%2BNAS%2BPRAIAS.html|archive-date=26 February 2010|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=G1|language=pt}}</ref> E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] alrqfmutg9n1ee2576nm76rbi1ow7qf 114811 114810 2025-06-30T21:46:24Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114811 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru Febraayru–Maaris 2013 e lewru lewru Janaayru 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html Storm with winds above {{cvt|90|km/h|0}} kill one in Rio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131453/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html|date=8 May 2013}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2015|title=Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202134452/http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2010|title=Com sensação térmica de 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas se refugiram do calor nas praias|trans-title=Feeling like 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas bathe in beaches trying to escape from the heat|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL1502179-5606,00-COM+SENSACAO+TERMICA+DE+C+CARIOCAS+SE+REFUGIAM+DO+CALOR+NAS+PRAIAS.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226030724/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0%2C%2CMUL1502179-5606%2C00-COM%2BSENSACAO%2BTERMICA%2BDE%2BC%2BCARIOCAS%2BSE%2BREFUGIAM%2BDO%2BCALOR%2BNAS%2BPRAIAS.html|archive-date=26 February 2010|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=G1|language=pt}}</ref> E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] oqcwqdnmtxdwg0edn047hjatuk0wxrl 114812 114811 2025-06-30T21:46:58Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114812 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru Febraayru–Maaris 2013 e lewru lewru Janaayru 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html Storm with winds above {{cvt|90|km/h|0}} kill one in Rio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131453/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html|date=8 May 2013}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2015|title=Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202134452/http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2010|title=Com sensação térmica de 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas se refugiram do calor nas praias|trans-title=Feeling like 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas bathe in beaches trying to escape from the heat|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL1502179-5606,00-COM+SENSACAO+TERMICA+DE+C+CARIOCAS+SE+REFUGIAM+DO+CALOR+NAS+PRAIAS.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226030724/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0%2C%2CMUL1502179-5606%2C00-COM%2BSENSACAO%2BTERMICA%2BDE%2BC%2BCARIOCAS%2BSE%2BREFUGIAM%2BDO%2BCALOR%2BNAS%2BPRAIAS.html|archive-date=26 February 2010|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=G1|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 December 2012|title=Sensação térmica no Rio de Janeiro chega a 50&nbsp;°C nesta terça-feira|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro will be feeling like 50&nbsp;°C this Tuesday|url=http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Yahoo! Notícias|language=pt|archive-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216124021/http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|url-status=live}}</ref> E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] d6j84xw4kp9twn4afjhvfigho6w6l49 114813 114812 2025-06-30T21:47:17Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114813 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru Febraayru–Maaris 2013 e lewru lewru Janaayru 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html Storm with winds above {{cvt|90|km/h|0}} kill one in Rio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131453/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html|date=8 May 2013}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2015|title=Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202134452/http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2010|title=Com sensação térmica de 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas se refugiram do calor nas praias|trans-title=Feeling like 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas bathe in beaches trying to escape from the heat|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL1502179-5606,00-COM+SENSACAO+TERMICA+DE+C+CARIOCAS+SE+REFUGIAM+DO+CALOR+NAS+PRAIAS.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226030724/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0%2C%2CMUL1502179-5606%2C00-COM%2BSENSACAO%2BTERMICA%2BDE%2BC%2BCARIOCAS%2BSE%2BREFUGIAM%2BDO%2BCALOR%2BNAS%2BPRAIAS.html|archive-date=26 February 2010|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=G1|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 December 2012|title=Sensação térmica no Rio de Janeiro chega a 50&nbsp;°C nesta terça-feira|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro will be feeling like 50&nbsp;°C this Tuesday|url=http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Yahoo! Notícias|language=pt|archive-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216124021/http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2013|title=Sensação térmica no Rio ultrapassa os 50 graus|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro's feels like is now greater than 50 celsius|url=http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52,15,320681,jornalismo,redetv-news,sensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213130508/http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52%2C15%2C320681%2Cjornalismo%2Credetv-news%2Csensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|archive-date=13 December 2013|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Rede TV!|language=pt}}</ref> E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] bjvon3lh8apxvxt2skzjfv1ck3r4aab 114814 114813 2025-06-30T21:47:36Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114814 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru Febraayru–Maaris 2013 e lewru lewru Janaayru 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html Storm with winds above {{cvt|90|km/h|0}} kill one in Rio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131453/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html|date=8 May 2013}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2015|title=Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202134452/http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2010|title=Com sensação térmica de 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas se refugiram do calor nas praias|trans-title=Feeling like 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas bathe in beaches trying to escape from the heat|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL1502179-5606,00-COM+SENSACAO+TERMICA+DE+C+CARIOCAS+SE+REFUGIAM+DO+CALOR+NAS+PRAIAS.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226030724/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0%2C%2CMUL1502179-5606%2C00-COM%2BSENSACAO%2BTERMICA%2BDE%2BC%2BCARIOCAS%2BSE%2BREFUGIAM%2BDO%2BCALOR%2BNAS%2BPRAIAS.html|archive-date=26 February 2010|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=G1|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 December 2012|title=Sensação térmica no Rio de Janeiro chega a 50&nbsp;°C nesta terça-feira|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro will be feeling like 50&nbsp;°C this Tuesday|url=http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Yahoo! Notícias|language=pt|archive-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216124021/http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2013|title=Sensação térmica no Rio ultrapassa os 50 graus|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro's feels like is now greater than 50 celsius|url=http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52,15,320681,jornalismo,redetv-news,sensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213130508/http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52%2C15%2C320681%2Cjornalismo%2Credetv-news%2Csensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|archive-date=13 December 2013|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Rede TV!|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2014|title=Sensação térmica no Rio chega aos 51 graus, diz pesquisa do Inpe|language=pt|trans-title=Feels like in Rio gets in 51 celsius mark, according to research|work=O Globo|url=http://oglobo.globo.com/rio/sensacao-termica-no-rio-chegou-aos-51-graus-diz-pesquisa-do-inpe-11202125|access-date=12 January 2014|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121620/https://oglobo.globo.com/rio/sensacao-termica-no-rio-chegou-aos-51-graus-diz-pesquisa-do-inpe-11202125|url-status=live}}</ref> E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933,[17] to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,[18] winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 44okxw21379esu12bazcggn6z8t1mv2 114815 114814 2025-06-30T21:48:15Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114815 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru Febraayru–Maaris 2013 e lewru lewru Janaayru 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html Storm with winds above {{cvt|90|km/h|0}} kill one in Rio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131453/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html|date=8 May 2013}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2015|title=Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202134452/http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2010|title=Com sensação térmica de 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas se refugiram do calor nas praias|trans-title=Feeling like 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas bathe in beaches trying to escape from the heat|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL1502179-5606,00-COM+SENSACAO+TERMICA+DE+C+CARIOCAS+SE+REFUGIAM+DO+CALOR+NAS+PRAIAS.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226030724/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0%2C%2CMUL1502179-5606%2C00-COM%2BSENSACAO%2BTERMICA%2BDE%2BC%2BCARIOCAS%2BSE%2BREFUGIAM%2BDO%2BCALOR%2BNAS%2BPRAIAS.html|archive-date=26 February 2010|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=G1|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 December 2012|title=Sensação térmica no Rio de Janeiro chega a 50&nbsp;°C nesta terça-feira|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro will be feeling like 50&nbsp;°C this Tuesday|url=http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Yahoo! Notícias|language=pt|archive-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216124021/http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2013|title=Sensação térmica no Rio ultrapassa os 50 graus|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro's feels like is now greater than 50 celsius|url=http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52,15,320681,jornalismo,redetv-news,sensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213130508/http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52%2C15%2C320681%2Cjornalismo%2Credetv-news%2Csensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|archive-date=13 December 2013|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Rede TV!|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2014|title=Sensação térmica no Rio chega aos 51 graus, diz pesquisa do Inpe|language=pt|trans-title=Feels like in Rio gets in 51 celsius mark, according to research|work=O Globo|url=http://oglobo.globo.com/rio/sensacao-termica-no-rio-chegou-aos-51-graus-diz-pesquisa-do-inpe-11202125|access-date=12 January 2014|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121620/https://oglobo.globo.com/rio/sensacao-termica-no-rio-chegou-aos-51-graus-diz-pesquisa-do-inpe-11202125|url-status=live}}</ref> E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933, to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,<ref>Andrade, Hanrrikson de. [https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2017/01/08/conhecido-como-bairro-mais-quente-do-rio-bangu-tem-no-calor-uma-tradicao.htm Conhecido como bairro mais quente do Rio, Bangu tem no calor uma tradição] (in Brazilian Portuguese)</ref> winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 desaambar 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 88em39xc3ezdw3q3dk7262hm0bta2kd 114816 114815 2025-06-30T21:48:42Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114816 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru Febraayru–Maaris 2013 e lewru lewru Janaayru 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html Storm with winds above {{cvt|90|km/h|0}} kill one in Rio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131453/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html|date=8 May 2013}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2015|title=Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202134452/http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2010|title=Com sensação térmica de 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas se refugiram do calor nas praias|trans-title=Feeling like 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas bathe in beaches trying to escape from the heat|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL1502179-5606,00-COM+SENSACAO+TERMICA+DE+C+CARIOCAS+SE+REFUGIAM+DO+CALOR+NAS+PRAIAS.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226030724/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0%2C%2CMUL1502179-5606%2C00-COM%2BSENSACAO%2BTERMICA%2BDE%2BC%2BCARIOCAS%2BSE%2BREFUGIAM%2BDO%2BCALOR%2BNAS%2BPRAIAS.html|archive-date=26 February 2010|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=G1|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 December 2012|title=Sensação térmica no Rio de Janeiro chega a 50&nbsp;°C nesta terça-feira|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro will be feeling like 50&nbsp;°C this Tuesday|url=http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Yahoo! Notícias|language=pt|archive-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216124021/http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2013|title=Sensação térmica no Rio ultrapassa os 50 graus|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro's feels like is now greater than 50 celsius|url=http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52,15,320681,jornalismo,redetv-news,sensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213130508/http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52%2C15%2C320681%2Cjornalismo%2Credetv-news%2Csensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|archive-date=13 December 2013|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Rede TV!|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2014|title=Sensação térmica no Rio chega aos 51 graus, diz pesquisa do Inpe|language=pt|trans-title=Feels like in Rio gets in 51 celsius mark, according to research|work=O Globo|url=http://oglobo.globo.com/rio/sensacao-termica-no-rio-chegou-aos-51-graus-diz-pesquisa-do-inpe-11202125|access-date=12 January 2014|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121620/https://oglobo.globo.com/rio/sensacao-termica-no-rio-chegou-aos-51-graus-diz-pesquisa-do-inpe-11202125|url-status=live}}</ref> E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933, to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,<ref>Andrade, Hanrrikson de. [https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2017/01/08/conhecido-como-bairro-mais-quente-do-rio-bangu-tem-no-calor-uma-tradicao.htm Conhecido como bairro mais quente do Rio, Bangu tem no calor uma tradição] (in Brazilian Portuguese)</ref> winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yarkomaa 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 Desaamba 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] ec5qvnvg52bciocdnmgf03mpv3mlhoe 114817 114816 2025-06-30T21:49:04Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114817 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru Febraayru–Maaris 2013 e lewru lewru Janaayru 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html Storm with winds above {{cvt|90|km/h|0}} kill one in Rio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131453/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html|date=8 May 2013}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2015|title=Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202134452/http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2010|title=Com sensação térmica de 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas se refugiram do calor nas praias|trans-title=Feeling like 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas bathe in beaches trying to escape from the heat|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL1502179-5606,00-COM+SENSACAO+TERMICA+DE+C+CARIOCAS+SE+REFUGIAM+DO+CALOR+NAS+PRAIAS.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226030724/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0%2C%2CMUL1502179-5606%2C00-COM%2BSENSACAO%2BTERMICA%2BDE%2BC%2BCARIOCAS%2BSE%2BREFUGIAM%2BDO%2BCALOR%2BNAS%2BPRAIAS.html|archive-date=26 February 2010|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=G1|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 December 2012|title=Sensação térmica no Rio de Janeiro chega a 50&nbsp;°C nesta terça-feira|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro will be feeling like 50&nbsp;°C this Tuesday|url=http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Yahoo! Notícias|language=pt|archive-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216124021/http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2013|title=Sensação térmica no Rio ultrapassa os 50 graus|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro's feels like is now greater than 50 celsius|url=http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52,15,320681,jornalismo,redetv-news,sensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213130508/http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52%2C15%2C320681%2Cjornalismo%2Credetv-news%2Csensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|archive-date=13 December 2013|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Rede TV!|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2014|title=Sensação térmica no Rio chega aos 51 graus, diz pesquisa do Inpe|language=pt|trans-title=Feels like in Rio gets in 51 celsius mark, according to research|work=O Globo|url=http://oglobo.globo.com/rio/sensacao-termica-no-rio-chegou-aos-51-graus-diz-pesquisa-do-inpe-11202125|access-date=12 January 2014|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121620/https://oglobo.globo.com/rio/sensacao-termica-no-rio-chegou-aos-51-graus-diz-pesquisa-do-inpe-11202125|url-status=live}}</ref> E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933, to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,<ref>Andrade, Hanrrikson de. [https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2017/01/08/conhecido-como-bairro-mais-quente-do-rio-bangu-tem-no-calor-uma-tradicao.htm Conhecido como bairro mais quente do Rio, Bangu tem no calor uma tradição] (in Brazilian Portuguese)</ref> winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yanaayru 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 Desaamba 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9. Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] ikqnvr1nd09johvk2hiwwgt5a67eshh 114818 114817 2025-06-30T21:49:24Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114818 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru Febraayru–Maaris 2013 e lewru lewru Janaayru 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html Storm with winds above {{cvt|90|km/h|0}} kill one in Rio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131453/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html|date=8 May 2013}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2015|title=Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202134452/http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2010|title=Com sensação térmica de 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas se refugiram do calor nas praias|trans-title=Feeling like 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas bathe in beaches trying to escape from the heat|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL1502179-5606,00-COM+SENSACAO+TERMICA+DE+C+CARIOCAS+SE+REFUGIAM+DO+CALOR+NAS+PRAIAS.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226030724/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0%2C%2CMUL1502179-5606%2C00-COM%2BSENSACAO%2BTERMICA%2BDE%2BC%2BCARIOCAS%2BSE%2BREFUGIAM%2BDO%2BCALOR%2BNAS%2BPRAIAS.html|archive-date=26 February 2010|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=G1|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 December 2012|title=Sensação térmica no Rio de Janeiro chega a 50&nbsp;°C nesta terça-feira|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro will be feeling like 50&nbsp;°C this Tuesday|url=http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Yahoo! Notícias|language=pt|archive-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216124021/http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2013|title=Sensação térmica no Rio ultrapassa os 50 graus|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro's feels like is now greater than 50 celsius|url=http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52,15,320681,jornalismo,redetv-news,sensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213130508/http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52%2C15%2C320681%2Cjornalismo%2Credetv-news%2Csensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|archive-date=13 December 2013|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Rede TV!|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2014|title=Sensação térmica no Rio chega aos 51 graus, diz pesquisa do Inpe|language=pt|trans-title=Feels like in Rio gets in 51 celsius mark, according to research|work=O Globo|url=http://oglobo.globo.com/rio/sensacao-termica-no-rio-chegou-aos-51-graus-diz-pesquisa-do-inpe-11202125|access-date=12 January 2014|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121620/https://oglobo.globo.com/rio/sensacao-termica-no-rio-chegou-aos-51-graus-diz-pesquisa-do-inpe-11202125|url-status=live}}</ref> E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933, to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,<ref>Andrade, Hanrrikson de. [https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2017/01/08/conhecido-como-bairro-mais-quente-do-rio-bangu-tem-no-calor-uma-tradicao.htm Conhecido como bairro mais quente do Rio, Bangu tem no calor uma tradição] (in Brazilian Portuguese)</ref> winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yanaayru 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 Desaamba 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151017191220/http://brasil.estadao.com.br/noticias/rio-de-janeiro,rio-tem-terceira-maior-temperatura-da-historia-42-8oc,1781099 título=Rio tem terceira maior temperatura da história: 42,8&nbsp;°C] (in Brazilian Portuguese)</ref> Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro.[20] == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 3ywx2eadie5vtycmzgwrouw9gzs0lp8 114819 114818 2025-06-30T21:50:15Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114819 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fichier:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Rio de Janeiro]] '''Rio de Janeiro''' walla Riyo tan,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro: travel guide|url=http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613010722/http://www.v-brazil.com/world-cup/2014/rio-de-janeiro-travel-guide/|archive-date=13 June 2015|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> woni laamorgo diiwaan Riyo de Janeiro. Ko kañum woni wuro ɗiɗaɓo ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder Beresiil (caggal São Paulo) e wuro jeegom ɓurngo heewde yimɓe e nder leyɗeele [[Amerik]]. Sosaa ko e hitaande dubi alif 1565 e juuɗe Purtugeec en, wuro ngo ko e fuɗɗoode wonnoo jooɗorde Kapiteen Rio de Janeiro, domen laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1763, nde wonti laamorgo Dowla Beresiil, dowla laamu Portigaal. E hitaande 1808, nde suudu laamɗo Portigaal ummii Beresiil, Rio de Janeiro wonti jooɗorde suudu laamɗo debbo biyeteeɗo Mariyam I mo Portigaal. Caggal ɗuum, e gardagol ɓiyiiko laamɗo biyeteeɗo John VI mo Portigaal, o ummini Beresiil e ndimaagu laamu, e nder Dental Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Portigaal, Beresiil, e Algarves. Rio woni laamorgo laamuuji duuɗe keewɗe haa hitaande 1822, nde wolde ndimaagu Beresiil fuɗɗii. Ɗumɗoo ina jeyaa e geɗe seeɗa e nder daartol, nde laamorgo leydi koloñaal wayliima e dow laabi, wonti wuro e nder gootal e koloñaal mum. Rio de Janeiro ɓaawo man laati laamorde laamu jeytaare, laamu Beresiil, haa hitaande 1889, nden bo laamorde lesdi Republique Beresiil haa hitaande 1960 nde laamorgo man wayliti haa Brasília. Rio de Janeiro woni PIB ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi ndii,<ref name="IBGE_PIB_Ranking">{{Cite web|date=16 December 2008|title=Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419111619/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/economia/pibmunicipios/2006/tab02.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2009|access-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)}}</ref> e 30ɓo e nder winndere nde e hitaande 2008<ref name="Richest_Cities">{{Cite web|date=11 March 2007|title=The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=City Mayors Statistics|archive-date=18 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918030640/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/richest-cities-2005.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ɗum ina hiisaa e 343 miliyaar dolaar. E nder wuro ngo ko gardiiɗo sosiyeteeji petroŋ, njulaagu, e telefoŋaaji Beresiil, ina heen sosiyeteeji ɗiɗi mawɗi leydi ndii, hono Petrobras e Vale, e sosiyeteeji telefoŋaaji ɓurɗi mawnude e Amerik Latin, hono Grupo Globo. Ko ɗoon woni galle duɗe jaaɓi-haaɗtirde e duɗe keewɗe, ko kañum woni nokku ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e wiɗtooji e ƴellitaare e nder leydi Beresiil, ina waɗi 17% e ko yaltata e ganndal ngenndiwal fawaade e doosɗe 2005.<ref name="Unicamp_2005">{{Cite web|date=17 June 2005|title=Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa|url=http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617115727/http://www.unicamp.br/unicamp/canal_aberto/clipping/junho2005/clipping050617_correiopop.html|archive-date=17 June 2008|access-date=8 September 2008|publisher=Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)}}</ref> Fuu e no yi’ata aybeeji ɗuuɗɗi, wuro ngo’o woodi aybeeji ɓurɗi famɗugo dow ko ɓuri laamooji lesɗe Beresiil.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil|url=https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|access-date=31 October 2018|website=www.estadao.com.br|publisher=O Estado de Sao Paulo|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121320/https://brasil.estadao.com.br/galerias/geral,veja-o-ranking-das-capitais-mais-violentas-do-brasil,32650|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rio de Janeiro ina jeyaa e gure ɓurɗe yilleede e nder duunde fuɗnaange, ina anndaa e nokkuuji mum tawaaɗi, karnal, samba, bossa nova, e beeli balneario<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1 "Rio de Janeiro's Beach Culture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705065420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_8250000/newsid_8250700/8250788.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&news=1&nol_storyid=8250788&bbcws=1|date=5 July 2018}} Tayfun King, ''Fast Track'', BBC World News (11 September 2009)</ref>ko wayi no Barra da Tijuca, Kopakabana, Ipanema, e Leblon. Gaagaa beeli ɗii, maandeeji ɗii ina njeyaa heen nate mawɗe Almasiihu rimɗinoowo dow tulde Korkovado, inniraande gooto e kaawisaaji jeeɗiɗi kesi winndere ndee ; Tufnde Sugarloaf e telefoŋ mum; Sambódromo (Sambadrome), laawol kewu duumotoongol, ngol dingiral mawngal huutortee e sahaa Karniwal ; e Stade Maracanã, gooto e estaaduuji fuku koyɗe ɓurɗi mawnude e winndere ndee. Rio de Janeiro woniino jaɓɓiiɗo Olimpiyaaji 2016 e Olimpiyaaji 2016, ɗum waɗi wuro ngo ko wuro gadano Amerik worgo e haalooɓe ɗemngal Portigaal meeɗi jaɓɓaade kewuuji ɗii, kadi ko ngol woni laawol tataɓol Olimpiyaaji ɗii yuɓɓinaama e wuro Hemisphere Fuɗnaange.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2 October 2009|title=BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|access-date=4 October 2009|archive-date=13 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213195022/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympic_games/8282518.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Stade Maracanã yuɓɓinii kawgel finaal kawgel fuku winndere 1950 e 2014, kawgel fuku winndere 2013, e kawgel XV Pan Amerik. Wuro ngo jaɓɓotoo batu G20 e hitaande 2024, e kawgel fuku winndere FIFA rewɓe e hitaande 2027.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula do G20 em 2024|website=[[CNN Brazil]]|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223844/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-do-g20-em-2024/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rio de Janeiro sediará cúpula dos chefes de Estado do G20 em 2024|website=G1|url=https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|date=9 May 2023|language=pt|access-date=19 May 2023|archive-date=19 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519223836/https://g1.globo.com/rj/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2023/05/09/rio-de-janeiro-sediara-cupula-dos-chefes-de-estado-do-g20-em-2024.ghtml|url-status=live}}</ref> == Joogaraafi == [[File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISS-67_City_lights_of_Rio_De_Janeiro,_Brazil.jpg|thumb|Yiyngo satelit Rio de Janeiro mawɗo jamma yiytaa ko e ISS]] Rio de Janeiro woni ko sara damal hirnaange ŋoral (gila Cabo Frio haa fuɗnaange Ilha Grande tan) e daande maayo Atlantik Beresiil saraaji Tropic Capricorn ɗo daande maayo ngoo woni fuɗnaange e hirnaange; wuro ngoo noon ina fadi haa ɓurti fuɗnaange. Nde sosaa ko e damal maayo Guanabara, ko wayi no maayo Guanabara (Baía de Guanabara), ngo woni ko e nokku biyeteeɗo “Sugar Loaf” (Pão de Açúcar) – “kaartal noddaango” wuro ngoo.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 March 2011|title=Where is Rio de Janeiro?|url=http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105085554/http://riobrazilblog.com/where-is-rio-de-janeiro|archive-date=5 November 2013|access-date=12 March 2013|publisher=Riobrazilblog.com}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro Rio de Janeiro, ngo njaajeendi mum tolnii e 1,182,3 km2 (456,5 km2),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Area Territorial Official|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=IBGE|language=pt|archive-date=10 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210035204/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5|url-status=live}}</ref> ina tolnoo e 6,00,000 neɗɗo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimativas para 1° de Julho de 2006|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|access-date=18 July 2007|publisher=[[Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics|IBGE]]|language=pt|archive-date=12 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112104300/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2005/estimativa.shtm?c=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Yimɓe wuro mawngo ngo ina limtee e miliyoŋaaji 11–13,5. Hoɗɓe e wuro ngoo ina nganndiraa cariocas. Jimol laawɗungol Rio ko "Cidade Maravilhosa", ko jimoowo biyeteeɗo André Filho. === Parkeeji === {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|width=220|image1=Parque Lage e Corcovado.jpg|caption1=[[Parque Lage]] with [[Corcovado]] in the background|image2=Arcos do Jardim Botânico do Rio..jpg|caption2=Arches in the [[Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]|image3=A_bela_vista_do_Cristo.jpg|caption3=[[Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon]]}}Wuro ngo ina jogii parkeeji e nokkuuji ekolosii ko wayi no nokku ngenndiijo Tijuca, ladde wuro adannde e winndere ndee e nokku UNESCO mo taariindi e Biosfeer; Parc dowla Pedra Branca, ɗo nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Rio de Janeiro woni, woni tufnde Pedra Branca; ko nokku biyeteeɗo Quinta da Boa Vista; Jardiin Botanique;<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 October 2005|title="Cochicho da Mata" recria floresta dentro da floresta|url=http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118155016/http://www.jbrj.gov.br/materias/07_10_2005.htm|archive-date=18 January 2012|access-date=15 May 2017|publisher=Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro|language=pt}}</ref> Zoo Rio; Park Lage; e Passeio Público, nokku njillu gadano e nder leyɗeele Amerik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB)|url=http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012125009/http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/unidades/pqpedra_branca.asp|archive-date=12 October 2012|access-date=22 September 2012|website=Governo do Rio de Janeiro|publisher=Instituto Nacional do Ambiente|language=pt}}</ref> Yanti heen Flamengo Park ko nokku ɓurɗo mawnude e nder wuro ngo, ina yaaji gila e caka haa e zone fuɗnaange, ina waɗi museeji e monumndaaji, ko jiidaa e leɗɗe keewɗe. Gila hitaande 1961, nokku biyeteeɗo Tijuca (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), ladde ɓurnde mawnude e nder wuro, ladde ɗiɗmere ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee, woni nokku biyeteeɗo Parc ngenndiijo. Ladde wuro ɓurnde mawnude e winndere ndee ko Floresta da Pedra Branca (Ladde kaaƴe daneeje), woni ko e nokku hirnaange Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Engelbrecht Ferreira|first=Daniel Ernesto|date=April 2005|title=Poluição afeta Pedra Branca|language=pt|work=[[O Globo]]|url=http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|url-status=dead|access-date=18 July 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007173549/http://www.biodiversityreporting.org/index.php?pageId=sub&lang=pt_BR&currentItem=article&docId=18381&c=Brasil&cRef=Brazil&year=2006&date=abril%202005|archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref> === Tarde === Sabu keewal gollorɗe e nder diiwaan metropolitan oo, wuro ngoo ina joginoo caɗeele teeŋtuɗe e pollugol weeyo. Bay Guanabara majjii nokkuuji mangrove, ina tampina e heddiiɓe e mborosaaji nder galleeji e nder gollorɗe, nebam e njamndi teeŋtundi. Hay so ndiyam maggal ina hesɗitina so ngal yettiima maayo, ko maayo ngoo woni jaɓɓoowo cakkitiiɗo denndaangal ɓulli ummortooɗi e daande maggo e nder ŋoral maayooji e ŋoral keewngal ɓuuɓngal e nder maggal. Toɓɓere ɓuuɓri e nder weeyo ina sowoo laabi ɗiɗi ko Fedde Adunaare Cellal wasiyii, tawi heen geɗal ko sabu keewal otooji gonɗi e cirƴam.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Afra Balazina|date=21 September 2007|title=Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais|trans-title=Study reveals high pollution levels in six capitals|url=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221042944/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u330220.shtml|archive-date=21 December 2007|access-date=26 October 2008|website=Folha Online|language=pt}}</ref> Ndiyam Sepetiba Bay ina rewi seeɗa seeɗa laawol ngol Guanabara Bay rewi, tawi ko ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam ɗam yimɓe fotde 1,29 miliyoŋ hoɗɓe njippini, ina yaltinee tawa safraaka e nder maayooji walla e nder maayooji. So tawii ko to bannge pollugol gollorɗe, mborosaaji tooke keewɗi, jogiiɗi njamndi teeŋtundi – ko ɓuri heewde e sink e kadmiyum – ina njuutee e duuɓi keewɗi e nder gollorɗe e nder diiwanuuji gollorɗe Santa Cruz, Itaguaí e Nova Iguaçu, peewnaaɗi e les njiimaandi politikaaji Dowla.<ref name="OQ">{{Cite web|year=2001|title=Contexto ambiental da Baía de Sepetiba|url=http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501032842/http://www.koinonia.org.br/oq/dossies/marambaia/not_contexto1.htm|archive-date=1 May 2013|access-date=26 October 2008|publisher=Observatório Quilombola (OQ)|language=pt}}</ref> Lagoon Marapendi e Lagoon Rodrigo de Freitas ina tampini ɗum en e njurum laamu nguu e ɓeydagol keeweendi cuuɗi gonɗi saraaji ɗii. Uddugol ndiyam ɗam ko aldaa e sariya e maayde algaaji ustii oksijen ndiyam ɗam, addani liɗɗi maayde.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hélio Almeida|date=11 January 2011|title=Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água|trans-title=Marapendi Lagoon suffers with water pollution|url=http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050726/http://www.sidneyrezende.com/noticia/116507+lagoa+de+marapendi+sofre+com+poluicao+da+agua|archive-date=19 January 2011|access-date=18 November 2012|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Agência Brasil|date=18 May 2010|title=Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário|trans-title=Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon will be unpolluted until 2014, says secretary|url=http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518003936/http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/vidae,lagoa-rodrigo-de-freitas-estara-despoluida-ate-2014-diz-secretario,553395,0.htm|archive-date=18 May 2013|access-date=18 November 2012|website=O Estado de S. Paulo|language=pt}}</ref> Won heen, to bannge goɗɗo oo, maale dekontaminaasiyoŋ e nder laana kaa, baɗaaɗe e gollondiral hakkunde laamu e pelle, sosaaɗe e hitaande 2008 ngam humpitaade no ndiyam laana kaa yahrata haa jooni ngam lootde. Golle dekontaminaasiyoŋ ze ina njogii vursugol tovo ngo e vursugol mawngol tawaangol e nder ladde nde e hoore mum, e sosde jokkondiral kesal toowngal e les leydi e geec, zum addanta veydude mbayliigu ndiyam nyalawma kala hakkunde nokkuuji zii zii. Kono e nder Olimpiyaaji ɗii, laana kaa ina jaɓɓoo kawgel ngel, ina waɗi kadi kulhuli keewɗi ko fayti e ñawu nguu, ngu ummotoo ko e ƴiiƴam aadee.<ref>{{Cite news|title=For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash|work=Chicago Tribune|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|access-date=8 May 2017|archive-date=20 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190320070402/https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/international/ct-olympic-rowing-dirty-water-20160806-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{wide image|PanoramaRio.jpg|1600px|Panorama of the city of Rio de Janeiro highlighting the mountains of [[Corcovado]] (left), [[Sugarloaf Mountain (Brazil)|Sugarloaf]] (center, background) and Two Brothers (right), from the [[Vista Chinesa|Chinese Belvedere]]|align-cap=center}} === Wakati === [[File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_Pão_de_Açúcar.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tempestade_no_Rio_de_Janeiro_visto_do_P%C3%A3o_de_A%C3%A7%C3%BAcar.jpg|thumb|Henndu jamma e lewru to Rio de Janeiro, yiyngo ummoraade e tufnde Sugarloaf]] Rio ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Aw) ngo ɓadtiima weeyo ɓuuɓngo (Am) fawaade e limto weeyo Köppen, tee ina heewi sifaade toɓooli juutɗi hakkunde lewru Desammbar e lewru Maaris.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvares|first1=Clayton Alcarde|last2=Stape|first2=José Luiz|last3=Sentelhas|first3=Paulo Cesar|last4=de Moraes Gonçalves|first4=José Leonardo|last5=Sparovek|first5=Gerd|year=2013|title=Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|publisher=E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|volume=22|pages=711–728|bibcode=2013MetZe..22..711A|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507|number=6|s2cid=55147576}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina heɓa ndunngu ngulngu, ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu ngulngu, naange. E nder nokkuuji nder wuro, nguleeki ɓurtuki 40 °C (104 °F) ina heewi e nder ndunngu, hay so tawii noon ina famɗi ɗo waɗata e nder dumunna juutɗo, tawi noon nguleeki ɓurtuki ɓurki 27 °C (81 °F) ina waawi waɗde e lewru kala. [[File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Praia_de_Copacabana_-_Rio_de_Janeiro,_Brasil.jpg|thumb|Beach Copacabana e ñalawma naange]] E daande maayo, henndu nduu, ina fuɗa e dow leydi e dow maayo, ina ɓuuɓna nguleeki. Sabu ngonka leydi ndii, wuro ngoo ina heewi yettaade frontiere toownde ummoraade Antarktik, haa teeŋti noon e ndunngu e ndunngu, ina addana ɗum waylude weeyo keewngo. E nder ndunngu ina waawi waɗde toɓooli tiiɗɗi, ɗi, won e sahaaji, ngaddi ilam bonɗam e ɓuuɓol leydi. Nokkuuji koɗli ɗii ina mbinnda toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde nde tawnoo ko ɗiin ngoni ɓuuɓɗi henndu ɓuuɓndu ummortoondu e maayo Atlantik.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC Weather – Rio de Janeiro|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|access-date=14 May 2015|website=BBC Weather|archive-date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501091522/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/3451190|url-status=live}}</ref> Wuro ngo ina joginoo ɓuuɓri seeɗa e yontaaji ɓennuɗi. Won e nokkuuji e nder diiwaan Rio de Janeiro sahaa e sahaa fof ina njogii ɓuuɓri ƴiye e ƴiye ƴiye (ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ina mbiya granizo) e ɓuuɓri.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 March 2012|title=Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense|language=pt|publisher=Globo News|url=http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|url-status=dead|access-date=15 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202140159/http://globotv.globo.com/globo-news/jornal-globo-news/v/chuva-de-granizo-atinge-zona-oeste-e-baixada-fluminense-do-rio/1853797/|archive-date=2 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2013|title=Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013|trans-title=Little hail shower – Nova Iguaçu, 18 February 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/r2c-u7vOEdk|archive-date=2021-12-11|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2018|publisher=YouTube|language=pt}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=28 January 2015|title=As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123610/https://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/com-chuva-de-granizo-rio-entra-em-estagio-de-atencao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Yoro ina famɗi no feewi, hay so tawii noon ina foti waɗde sahaa e sahaa fof so en ƴeewii nguleeki weeyo wuro ngo ina tiiɗi no feewi. Yooro Beresiil 2014–2015, ɓurngo tiiɗde e diiwaan Fuɗnaange-rewo e ɓurngo bonde e nder duuɓi capanɗe, mettini e ndiyam diiwaan metropolitan oo fof (diwgol maayo Paraíba do Sul haa maayo Guandu ko ɓuuɓri mawndi wonande diiwaan ɓurɗo heewde yimɓe e nder diiwaan hee). Wonno peeje ngam waylude Paraíba do Sul feewde e Sistema Cantareira (siistem Cantareira) e nder kiris ndiyam e hitaande 2014 ngam wallitde nokku Sao Paulo mawɗo mo yooro bonngo yani. Kono noon, dañde toɓooli keewɗi ngam rokkude ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam e nder gure mawɗe ɗiɗi ɗee kala e ko fayi arde, ko huunde nde miijotaako tan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=5 September 2014|title=Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions|url=https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|access-date=2 February 2015|website=The Guardian|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125416/https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2014/sep/05/brazil-drought-crisis-rationing|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=23 January 2015|title=Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621125407/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/23/brazil-worst-drought-history|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2015|title=Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira|url=http://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|access-date=2 February 2015|publisher=G1|language=pt|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621123613/https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2015/02/rio-paraiba-do-sul-pode-nao-ter-agua-para-socorrer-sistema-cantareira.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ko ina wona e nder gure goote (Nova Iguaçu e nokkuuji koɗdiiɗi e mum, ina heen geɗe Campo Grande e Bangu) jokkondirɗe e nokku ɗo ƴiiwoonde pseudo-hail (granizo) yani e lewru marse 2012, lewru Febraayru–Maaris 2013 e lewru lewru Janaayru 2015, wonno ko ɓuuɓol gadanol ngol Jamen1 daartol diiwaan oo winndaa, saabiima bonnugol mbaydiiji e ɓuuɓri juutndi, kono alaa ko maayi heen.<ref>{{Cite news|date=20 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro|language=pt|publisher=Globo|url=http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=14 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214165546/http://g1.globo.com/bom-dia-brasil/noticia/2011/01/tornado-causa-destruicao-em-nova-iguacu-no-rio-de-janeiro.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="9guaçutornado">{{Cite news|date=21 January 2011|title=Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu|language=pt|publisher=Gazeta do Povo|url=http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|access-date=11 April 2012|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105182932/http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/chuvadevastadora/conteudo.phtml?tl=1&id=1088896&tit=Tornado-causa-estragos-em-Nova-Iguacu|url-status=live}}</ref> Fedde Adunaare toppitiinde ko fayti e weeyo wasiyiima wonde Beresiil, haa teeŋti noon e diiwaan mum fuɗnaange-rewo, ina foti heblude ko ina addana ɗum ɓeydaade saɗtude e nder yontaaji garooji ɗii, sibu kewuuji bayɗi no ilam bonɗam Rio de Janeiro e lewru Yarkomaa 2011 e ɓuuɓol, ngonaa geɗe keewɗe. E fuɗɗoode lewru mee 2013, henndu winnditooru ko ina tolnoo e 90 km/h (56 mph) waɗii ɓuuɓri e nder leeɗe 15 wuro ngoo e municipaalitee tati koɗki mum, wari heen neɗɗo gooto.<ref>[http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html Storm with winds above {{cvt|90|km/h|0}} kill one in Rio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508131453/http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/cidades/temporal-com-ventos-acima-de-90-kmh-mata-um-no-rio,5edebb5eb697e310VgnVCM4000009bcceb0aRCRD.html|date=8 May 2013}} {{in lang|pt}}</ref> Rio yiyri noon henndu mawndu (fotde 100 km/h (62 mph)) e lewru Yarkomaa 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2015|title=Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed|language=pt|publisher=G1|url=http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202134452/http://g1.globo.com/rio-de-janeiro/noticia/2015/01/ventos-em-bangu-no-rio-atingiram-velocidade-proxima-de-furacao.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Tempere kadi ina seerti fawaade e tooweeki, e woɗɗude daande maayo, e sifaa leɗɗe walla kuutoragol leydi. E nder ndunngu, yeesooji toowɗi e henndu maayo fajiri/subaka ina ngadda nguleeki ɓuuɓki; yeesooji toowɗi, nokku gonɗo e ɓuuɓri (zone de convergence intertropicale) (e mbaadi henndu ummortoondu e ladde Amasoni), henndu ɓurndu semmbe ummoraade e geec (ina heewi ummoraade e ɓuuɓol ekstratropikal) e ɓuuɓol (evapotranspiration) ndunngu ina ngadda henndu walla henndu ɓuuɓndu. Nii woni weeyo nanndungo e monsoon ina jogii ndunngu e ndunngu yoorngu e ɓuuɓngu, e ndunngu e ndunngu ɓuuɓngu no feewi e ngulngu. Ko ɗum waɗi, nguleeki ɓurki 40 °C (104 °F), ina waawi waɗde ko ina wona hitaande kala kono ɓuri heewde e ndunngu, ina heewi firtude nguleeki "feel-like" tigi-rigi ko ɓuri 50 °C (122 °F), nde henndu seeɗa ina woodi, tee teemedere nguleeki ina toowi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 February 2010|title=Com sensação térmica de 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas se refugiram do calor nas praias|trans-title=Feeling like 48&nbsp;°C, cariocas bathe in beaches trying to escape from the heat|url=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0,,MUL1502179-5606,00-COM+SENSACAO+TERMICA+DE+C+CARIOCAS+SE+REFUGIAM+DO+CALOR+NAS+PRAIAS.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226030724/http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Rio/0%2C%2CMUL1502179-5606%2C00-COM%2BSENSACAO%2BTERMICA%2BDE%2BC%2BCARIOCAS%2BSE%2BREFUGIAM%2BDO%2BCALOR%2BNAS%2BPRAIAS.html|archive-date=26 February 2010|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=G1|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=25 December 2012|title=Sensação térmica no Rio de Janeiro chega a 50&nbsp;°C nesta terça-feira|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro will be feeling like 50&nbsp;°C this Tuesday|url=http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Yahoo! Notícias|language=pt|archive-date=16 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216124021/http://br.noticias.yahoo.com/sensa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-t%C3%A9rmica-rio-de-janeiro-chega-a-50-233457951.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=20 February 2013|title=Sensação térmica no Rio ultrapassa os 50 graus|trans-title=Rio de Janeiro's feels like is now greater than 50 celsius|url=http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52,15,320681,jornalismo,redetv-news,sensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213130508/http://www.redetv.com.br/Video.aspx?52%2C15%2C320681%2Cjornalismo%2Credetv-news%2Csensacao-termica-no-rio-ultrapassa-os-50-graus|archive-date=13 December 2013|access-date=25 June 2013|publisher=Rede TV!|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 January 2014|title=Sensação térmica no Rio chega aos 51 graus, diz pesquisa do Inpe|language=pt|trans-title=Feels like in Rio gets in 51 celsius mark, according to research|work=O Globo|url=http://oglobo.globo.com/rio/sensacao-termica-no-rio-chegou-aos-51-graus-diz-pesquisa-do-inpe-11202125|access-date=12 January 2014|archive-date=21 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621121620/https://oglobo.globo.com/rio/sensacao-termica-no-rio-chegou-aos-51-graus-diz-pesquisa-do-inpe-11202125|url-status=live}}</ref> E wiyde humpitooji ummoriiɗi e Duɗal Ngenndiwal Meteoroloji Beresiil (INMET), gila 1931, nguleeki ɓurki famɗude to Rio de Janeiro ko 6,4 °C ñalnde 18 ut 1933, to nokku meteoroloji to leegal Bangu (deactivated e lewru marse 2040). Ndeeɗoo nokkuure wootere, tawaande e nokku ɓurɗo toowde e wuro ngoo,<ref>Andrade, Hanrrikson de. [https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2017/01/08/conhecido-como-bairro-mais-quente-do-rio-bangu-tem-no-calor-uma-tradicao.htm Conhecido como bairro mais quente do Rio, Bangu tem no calor uma tradição] (in Brazilian Portuguese)</ref> winnditii nguleeki ɓurtuki 43,1 °C ñalnde 14 lewru Yanaayru 1984, ko kañum joginoo limre ɓurnde toowde e nguleeki e nder wuro ngoo haa ñalnde 26 Desaamba 2012, nde winnditii 43,2 °C the Santaru station ko C9.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151017191220/http://brasil.estadao.com.br/noticias/rio-de-janeiro,rio-tem-terceira-maior-temperatura-da-historia-42-8oc,1781099 título=Rio tem terceira maior temperatura da história: 42,8&nbsp;°C] (in Brazilian Portuguese)</ref> Toɓooli ɓurɗi heewde e nder waktuuji 24 ko 349,4 mm, limtaaɗi ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1971, to nokku gonnooɗo e nokku biyeteeɗo Engenho de Dentro. == Tuugnorgal == {{Reflist}}{{stub}} [[Category:Barazil]] 1cm10xkm7u9p3jqt3wd4nyvlb84d82i 0 4697 114656 103704 2025-06-30T19:59:26Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] qcu1tkedsjhq20e7os90ky7vsd59mf7 114657 114656 2025-06-30T19:59:43Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref> Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] ed2bn7eo5ydw3ervdae4l1q4obsqziq 114658 114657 2025-06-30T19:59:58Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] o3889p5zb8945vufgqfuwld8r506h4o 114659 114658 2025-06-30T20:01:06Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.[2] To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.[3] Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] nh4tbcim0bgl864x7sl8hkwvl3m94mk 114660 114659 2025-06-30T20:01:28Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.[3] Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] k446u2xt3usne3a5r5um0qhb4l71xwv 114661 114660 2025-06-30T20:01:47Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] 4gtizitvh0b3biwc3w7hc508wgx5yr7 114662 114661 2025-06-30T20:03:17Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer e worgo leydi Nijeer.[2][3][4] Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.[3] Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] h4533qkdy8h317dc0igkb5cl8ld53fc 114663 114662 2025-06-30T20:04:04Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer e worgo leydi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=M. A. Z.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48668741|title=Tsarin sauti da nahawun hausa|date=1999|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-978-030-535-2|location=Ibadan [Nigeria]|oclc=48668741}}</ref> Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.[3] Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] ls9jo1m5vhmraq1nm1p1nnzhg54qfjz 114664 114663 2025-06-30T20:04:26Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer e worgo leydi Naajeeriya.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=M. A. Z.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48668741|title=Tsarin sauti da nahawun hausa|date=1999|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-978-030-535-2|location=Ibadan [Nigeria]|oclc=48668741}}</ref> Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.[3] Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] fz0mpb57lfvip8cfvtf86hvke1o4zfu 114665 114664 2025-06-30T20:04:44Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer e worgo leydi Naajeeriya.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=M. A. Z.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48668741|title=Tsarin sauti da nahawun hausa|date=1999|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-978-030-535-2|location=Ibadan [Nigeria]|oclc=48668741}}</ref> Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Nijeer, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.[3] Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] e9vevpyl2zlfo9tmi07ccy9hxirj8pd 114666 114665 2025-06-30T20:05:52Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya e worgo leydi Naajeeriya.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=M. A. Z.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48668741|title=Tsarin sauti da nahawun hausa|date=1999|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-978-030-535-2|location=Ibadan [Nigeria]|oclc=48668741}}</ref> Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.<ref name=":0" /> Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] 3yh2h3lx0e09jdyw3q89hx5gitbit8r 114667 114666 2025-06-30T20:08:34Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya e worgo leydi Naajeeriya.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=M. A. Z.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48668741|title=Tsarin sauti da nahawun hausa|date=1999|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-978-030-535-2|location=Ibadan [Nigeria]|oclc=48668741}}</ref> Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.<ref name=":0" /> === E leydi === To leydi Naajeeriya, Hausa ɓuri heewde e nder fuɗnaange leydi ndii fof, hay so tawii noon wonaa e nder diiwanuuji Kwara, Kogi e Benue. Dowlaaji e gure ɗe Hausa en ɓuri heewde ina jeyaa heen Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Daura, Gobir, Zaria, Sokoto, Birnin Kebbi, Gusau, Dutse, Hadejia, Bauchi, Misau, Zamfara, Gombe, Nafada, Maiduguri, Yobe, Yola, Jalingo, Jos, Konfia, Nasaraawa e Abuja.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simwa|first=Adrianna|date=2018-06-21|title=List of states in Nigeria predominantly inhabited by the Hausas|url=https://www.legit.ng/1176164-major-hausa-states-nigeria.html|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> === Niiseer === Hausa ina haalee e ko ina tolnoo e 53% e yimɓe leydi Nijeer[2], kadi ko ɗemngal leydi ndii anndinaa e hitaande 2025.[3] Ngal ɓuri haaleede ko e gure Maradi, Diffa, Tahuwa, Zinder, Tillaberi, Dosso, Agadez. === Kameruun === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Kameruun, ina jeyaa heen gure Ngaoundere, Garoua, e Maroua.[4] === Ganaa === Hausa ko ɗemngal gonngal e nder renndooji Zongo e nder leydi Gana.[5] === Beneŋ === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Benin, ina jeyaa heen Paraku, Kandi, Natitingu, e Djougou.[6] === Togo === Hausa ina haalee e worgo leydi Togo, ina jeyaa heen Sokode, Kara, e Dapaong.[7] === Caad === Hawsa ina haalee e bannge funnaange leydi Caad, haa arti noon e N'Djamena.[ciimtol ina haani] === Sudaan === E nder Sudaan, Hausa ina haalee e ko ɓuri heewde e Jazirah, Niil Bulo, e Kordofan, Dowlaaji Darfur, Dowlaaji Gadaref, Dowlaaji maayo Boɗeejo, Dowlaaji Niil Boɗeeji, e Maayo Niil.[ciimtol ina haani] === Haalooɓe e leydi === Hausa ina huutoree no feewi e nder leyɗeele hirnaange Afrik, kadi ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leƴƴi e pinal ceertuɗi ina kaala ɗum e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e Nijeer.[8] == Binndol == Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] 0wc7o2lh62r6gvbpfa220nvhb73cyah 114668 114667 2025-06-30T20:09:20Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya e worgo leydi Naajeeriya.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=M. A. Z.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48668741|title=Tsarin sauti da nahawun hausa|date=1999|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-978-030-535-2|location=Ibadan [Nigeria]|oclc=48668741}}</ref> Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.<ref name=":0" /> === E leydi === To leydi Naajeeriya, Hausa ɓuri heewde e nder fuɗnaange leydi ndii fof, hay so tawii noon wonaa e nder diiwanuuji Kwara, Kogi e Benue. Dowlaaji e gure ɗe Hausa en ɓuri heewde ina jeyaa heen Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Daura, Gobir, Zaria, Sokoto, Birnin Kebbi, Gusau, Dutse, Hadejia, Bauchi, Misau, Zamfara, Gombe, Nafada, Maiduguri, Yobe, Yola, Jalingo, Jos, Konfia, Nasaraawa, Minna, Keffi e Abuja.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simwa|first=Adrianna|date=2018-06-21|title=List of states in Nigeria predominantly inhabited by the Hausas|url=https://www.legit.ng/1176164-major-hausa-states-nigeria.html|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> === Niiseer === Hausa ina haalee e ko ina tolnoo e 53% e yimɓe leydi Nijeer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-11-14|title=The Languages of Niger: Hausa|url=https://wellsbringhope.org/the-languages-of-niger-hausa/|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Wells Bring Hope|language=en}}</ref>, kadi ko ɗemngal leydi ndii anndinaa e hitaande 2025.[3] Ngal ɓuri haaleede ko e gure Maradi, Diffa, Tahuwa, Zinder, Tillaberi, Dosso, Agadez. === Kameruun === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Kameruun, ina jeyaa heen gure Ngaoundere, Garoua, e Maroua.[4] === Ganaa === Hausa ko ɗemngal gonngal e nder renndooji Zongo e nder leydi Gana.[5] === Beneŋ === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Benin, ina jeyaa heen Paraku, Kandi, Natitingu, e Djougou.[6] === Togo === Hausa ina haalee e worgo leydi Togo, ina jeyaa heen Sokode, Kara, e Dapaong.[7] === Caad === Hawsa ina haalee e bannge funnaange leydi Caad, haa arti noon e N'Djamena.[ciimtol ina haani] === Sudaan === E nder Sudaan, Hausa ina haalee e ko ɓuri heewde e Jazirah, Niil Bulo, e Kordofan, Dowlaaji Darfur, Dowlaaji Gadaref, Dowlaaji maayo Boɗeejo, Dowlaaji Niil Boɗeeji, e Maayo Niil.[ciimtol ina haani] === Haalooɓe e leydi === Hausa ina huutoree no feewi e nder leyɗeele hirnaange Afrik, kadi ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leƴƴi e pinal ceertuɗi ina kaala ɗum e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e Nijeer.[8] == Binndol == Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] eyip13ub0jeidpdj6vb76whgbn9axb9 114669 114668 2025-06-30T20:09:43Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya e worgo leydi Naajeeriya.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=M. A. Z.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48668741|title=Tsarin sauti da nahawun hausa|date=1999|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-978-030-535-2|location=Ibadan [Nigeria]|oclc=48668741}}</ref> Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.<ref name=":0" /> === E leydi === To leydi Naajeeriya, Hausa ɓuri heewde e nder fuɗnaange leydi ndii fof, hay so tawii noon wonaa e nder diiwanuuji Kwara, Kogi e Benue. Dowlaaji e gure ɗe Hausa en ɓuri heewde ina jeyaa heen Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Daura, Gobir, Zaria, Sokoto, Birnin Kebbi, Gusau, Dutse, Hadejia, Bauchi, Misau, Zamfara, Gombe, Nafada, Maiduguri, Yobe, Yola, Jalingo, Jos, Konfia, Nasaraawa, Minna, Keffi e Abuja.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simwa|first=Adrianna|date=2018-06-21|title=List of states in Nigeria predominantly inhabited by the Hausas|url=https://www.legit.ng/1176164-major-hausa-states-nigeria.html|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> === Niiseer === Hausa ina haalee e ko ina tolnoo e 53% e yimɓe leydi Nijeer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-11-14|title=The Languages of Niger: Hausa|url=https://wellsbringhope.org/the-languages-of-niger-hausa/|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Wells Bring Hope|language=en}}</ref>, kadi ko ɗemngal leydi ndii anndinaa e hitaande 2025.<ref>[https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2042328/africa-country-new-official-language-niger/amp République du Niger, "The massive African country that's just adopted a new official language" express.co.uk] (accessed 20 April 2025)</ref> Ngal ɓuri haaleede ko e gure Maradi, Diffa, Tahuwa, Zinder, Tillaberi, Dosso, Agadez. === Kameruun === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Kameruun, ina jeyaa heen gure Ngaoundere, Garoua, e Maroua.[4] === Ganaa === Hausa ko ɗemngal gonngal e nder renndooji Zongo e nder leydi Gana.[5] === Beneŋ === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Benin, ina jeyaa heen Paraku, Kandi, Natitingu, e Djougou.[6] === Togo === Hausa ina haalee e worgo leydi Togo, ina jeyaa heen Sokode, Kara, e Dapaong.[7] === Caad === Hawsa ina haalee e bannge funnaange leydi Caad, haa arti noon e N'Djamena.[ciimtol ina haani] === Sudaan === E nder Sudaan, Hausa ina haalee e ko ɓuri heewde e Jazirah, Niil Bulo, e Kordofan, Dowlaaji Darfur, Dowlaaji Gadaref, Dowlaaji maayo Boɗeejo, Dowlaaji Niil Boɗeeji, e Maayo Niil.[ciimtol ina haani] === Haalooɓe e leydi === Hausa ina huutoree no feewi e nder leyɗeele hirnaange Afrik, kadi ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leƴƴi e pinal ceertuɗi ina kaala ɗum e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e Nijeer.[8] == Binndol == Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] 1yg3mxczwfb8ppob71e1q4jh05qyp1e 114670 114669 2025-06-30T20:10:07Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya e worgo leydi Naajeeriya.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=M. A. Z.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48668741|title=Tsarin sauti da nahawun hausa|date=1999|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-978-030-535-2|location=Ibadan [Nigeria]|oclc=48668741}}</ref> Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.<ref name=":0" /> === E leydi === To leydi Naajeeriya, Hausa ɓuri heewde e nder fuɗnaange leydi ndii fof, hay so tawii noon wonaa e nder diiwanuuji Kwara, Kogi e Benue. Dowlaaji e gure ɗe Hausa en ɓuri heewde ina jeyaa heen Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Daura, Gobir, Zaria, Sokoto, Birnin Kebbi, Gusau, Dutse, Hadejia, Bauchi, Misau, Zamfara, Gombe, Nafada, Maiduguri, Yobe, Yola, Jalingo, Jos, Konfia, Nasaraawa, Minna, Keffi e Abuja.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simwa|first=Adrianna|date=2018-06-21|title=List of states in Nigeria predominantly inhabited by the Hausas|url=https://www.legit.ng/1176164-major-hausa-states-nigeria.html|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> === Niiseer === Hausa ina haalee e ko ina tolnoo e 53% e yimɓe leydi Nijeer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-11-14|title=The Languages of Niger: Hausa|url=https://wellsbringhope.org/the-languages-of-niger-hausa/|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Wells Bring Hope|language=en}}</ref>, kadi ko ɗemngal leydi ndii anndinaa e hitaande 2025.<ref>[https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2042328/africa-country-new-official-language-niger/amp République du Niger, "The massive African country that's just adopted a new official language" express.co.uk] (accessed 20 April 2025)</ref> Ngal ɓuri haaleede ko e gure Maradi, Diffa, Tahuwa, Zinder, Tillaberi, Dosso, Agadez. === Kameruun === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Kameruun, ina jeyaa heen gure Ngaoundere, Garoua, e Maroua.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hausa - Boston University|url=https://www.bu.edu/africa/files/2013/08/Hausa-Brochure_Final.pdf|access-date=July 5, 2024|website=Boston University}}</ref> === Ganaa === Hausa ko ɗemngal gonngal e nder renndooji Zongo e nder leydi Gana.[5] === Beneŋ === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Benin, ina jeyaa heen Paraku, Kandi, Natitingu, e Djougou.[6] === Togo === Hausa ina haalee e worgo leydi Togo, ina jeyaa heen Sokode, Kara, e Dapaong.[7] === Caad === Hawsa ina haalee e bannge funnaange leydi Caad, haa arti noon e N'Djamena.[ciimtol ina haani] === Sudaan === E nder Sudaan, Hausa ina haalee e ko ɓuri heewde e Jazirah, Niil Bulo, e Kordofan, Dowlaaji Darfur, Dowlaaji Gadaref, Dowlaaji maayo Boɗeejo, Dowlaaji Niil Boɗeeji, e Maayo Niil.[ciimtol ina haani] === Haalooɓe e leydi === Hausa ina huutoree no feewi e nder leyɗeele hirnaange Afrik, kadi ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leƴƴi e pinal ceertuɗi ina kaala ɗum e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e Nijeer.[8] == Binndol == Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] ixu3bwauxliz0dn3jsyv8owidqzz261 114671 114670 2025-06-30T20:10:26Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya e worgo leydi Naajeeriya.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=M. A. Z.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48668741|title=Tsarin sauti da nahawun hausa|date=1999|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-978-030-535-2|location=Ibadan [Nigeria]|oclc=48668741}}</ref> Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.<ref name=":0" /> === E leydi === To leydi Naajeeriya, Hausa ɓuri heewde e nder fuɗnaange leydi ndii fof, hay so tawii noon wonaa e nder diiwanuuji Kwara, Kogi e Benue. Dowlaaji e gure ɗe Hausa en ɓuri heewde ina jeyaa heen Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Daura, Gobir, Zaria, Sokoto, Birnin Kebbi, Gusau, Dutse, Hadejia, Bauchi, Misau, Zamfara, Gombe, Nafada, Maiduguri, Yobe, Yola, Jalingo, Jos, Konfia, Nasaraawa, Minna, Keffi e Abuja.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simwa|first=Adrianna|date=2018-06-21|title=List of states in Nigeria predominantly inhabited by the Hausas|url=https://www.legit.ng/1176164-major-hausa-states-nigeria.html|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> === Niiseer === Hausa ina haalee e ko ina tolnoo e 53% e yimɓe leydi Nijeer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-11-14|title=The Languages of Niger: Hausa|url=https://wellsbringhope.org/the-languages-of-niger-hausa/|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Wells Bring Hope|language=en}}</ref>, kadi ko ɗemngal leydi ndii anndinaa e hitaande 2025.<ref>[https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2042328/africa-country-new-official-language-niger/amp République du Niger, "The massive African country that's just adopted a new official language" express.co.uk] (accessed 20 April 2025)</ref> Ngal ɓuri haaleede ko e gure Maradi, Diffa, Tahuwa, Zinder, Tillaberi, Dosso, Agadez. === Kameruun === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Kameruun, ina jeyaa heen gure Ngaoundere, Garoua, e Maroua.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hausa - Boston University|url=https://www.bu.edu/africa/files/2013/08/Hausa-Brochure_Final.pdf|access-date=July 5, 2024|website=Boston University}}</ref> === Ganaa === Hausa ko ɗemngal gonngal e nder renndooji Zongo e nder leydi Gana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The history of the Hausa people in Ghana|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/The-history-of-the-Hausa-people-in-Ghana-and-their-contribution-to-Ghana-s-national-development-1807961|access-date=July 5, 2024|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> === Beneŋ === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Benin, ina jeyaa heen Paraku, Kandi, Natitingu, e Djougou.[6] === Togo === Hausa ina haalee e worgo leydi Togo, ina jeyaa heen Sokode, Kara, e Dapaong.[7] === Caad === Hawsa ina haalee e bannge funnaange leydi Caad, haa arti noon e N'Djamena.[ciimtol ina haani] === Sudaan === E nder Sudaan, Hausa ina haalee e ko ɓuri heewde e Jazirah, Niil Bulo, e Kordofan, Dowlaaji Darfur, Dowlaaji Gadaref, Dowlaaji maayo Boɗeejo, Dowlaaji Niil Boɗeeji, e Maayo Niil.[ciimtol ina haani] === Haalooɓe e leydi === Hausa ina huutoree no feewi e nder leyɗeele hirnaange Afrik, kadi ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leƴƴi e pinal ceertuɗi ina kaala ɗum e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e Nijeer.[8] == Binndol == Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] km3ivlar6ljyeeg2zzw6vjdhr2ncfzg 114672 114671 2025-06-30T20:10:46Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya e worgo leydi Naajeeriya.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=M. A. Z.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48668741|title=Tsarin sauti da nahawun hausa|date=1999|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-978-030-535-2|location=Ibadan [Nigeria]|oclc=48668741}}</ref> Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.<ref name=":0" /> === E leydi === To leydi Naajeeriya, Hausa ɓuri heewde e nder fuɗnaange leydi ndii fof, hay so tawii noon wonaa e nder diiwanuuji Kwara, Kogi e Benue. Dowlaaji e gure ɗe Hausa en ɓuri heewde ina jeyaa heen Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Daura, Gobir, Zaria, Sokoto, Birnin Kebbi, Gusau, Dutse, Hadejia, Bauchi, Misau, Zamfara, Gombe, Nafada, Maiduguri, Yobe, Yola, Jalingo, Jos, Konfia, Nasaraawa, Minna, Keffi e Abuja.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simwa|first=Adrianna|date=2018-06-21|title=List of states in Nigeria predominantly inhabited by the Hausas|url=https://www.legit.ng/1176164-major-hausa-states-nigeria.html|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> === Niiseer === Hausa ina haalee e ko ina tolnoo e 53% e yimɓe leydi Nijeer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-11-14|title=The Languages of Niger: Hausa|url=https://wellsbringhope.org/the-languages-of-niger-hausa/|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Wells Bring Hope|language=en}}</ref>, kadi ko ɗemngal leydi ndii anndinaa e hitaande 2025.<ref>[https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2042328/africa-country-new-official-language-niger/amp République du Niger, "The massive African country that's just adopted a new official language" express.co.uk] (accessed 20 April 2025)</ref> Ngal ɓuri haaleede ko e gure Maradi, Diffa, Tahuwa, Zinder, Tillaberi, Dosso, Agadez. === Kameruun === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Kameruun, ina jeyaa heen gure Ngaoundere, Garoua, e Maroua.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hausa - Boston University|url=https://www.bu.edu/africa/files/2013/08/Hausa-Brochure_Final.pdf|access-date=July 5, 2024|website=Boston University}}</ref> === Ganaa === Hausa ko ɗemngal gonngal e nder renndooji Zongo e nder leydi Gana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The history of the Hausa people in Ghana|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/The-history-of-the-Hausa-people-in-Ghana-and-their-contribution-to-Ghana-s-national-development-1807961|access-date=July 5, 2024|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> === Beneŋ === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Benin, ina jeyaa heen Paraku, Kandi, Natitingu, e Djougou.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Maps - Perry-Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|url=https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/nigeria.html|access-date=2024-12-17|website=maps.lib.utexas.edu}}</ref> === Togo === Hausa ina haalee e worgo leydi Togo, ina jeyaa heen Sokode, Kara, e Dapaong.[7] === Caad === Hawsa ina haalee e bannge funnaange leydi Caad, haa arti noon e N'Djamena.[ciimtol ina haani] === Sudaan === E nder Sudaan, Hausa ina haalee e ko ɓuri heewde e Jazirah, Niil Bulo, e Kordofan, Dowlaaji Darfur, Dowlaaji Gadaref, Dowlaaji maayo Boɗeejo, Dowlaaji Niil Boɗeeji, e Maayo Niil.[ciimtol ina haani] === Haalooɓe e leydi === Hausa ina huutoree no feewi e nder leyɗeele hirnaange Afrik, kadi ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leƴƴi e pinal ceertuɗi ina kaala ɗum e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e Nijeer.[8] == Binndol == Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] pvcvpk4p0sp2zo3pk52nbfnbb15yq2q 114673 114672 2025-06-30T20:11:09Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya e worgo leydi Naajeeriya.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=M. A. Z.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48668741|title=Tsarin sauti da nahawun hausa|date=1999|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-978-030-535-2|location=Ibadan [Nigeria]|oclc=48668741}}</ref> Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.<ref name=":0" /> === E leydi === To leydi Naajeeriya, Hausa ɓuri heewde e nder fuɗnaange leydi ndii fof, hay so tawii noon wonaa e nder diiwanuuji Kwara, Kogi e Benue. Dowlaaji e gure ɗe Hausa en ɓuri heewde ina jeyaa heen Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Daura, Gobir, Zaria, Sokoto, Birnin Kebbi, Gusau, Dutse, Hadejia, Bauchi, Misau, Zamfara, Gombe, Nafada, Maiduguri, Yobe, Yola, Jalingo, Jos, Konfia, Nasaraawa, Minna, Keffi e Abuja.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simwa|first=Adrianna|date=2018-06-21|title=List of states in Nigeria predominantly inhabited by the Hausas|url=https://www.legit.ng/1176164-major-hausa-states-nigeria.html|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> === Niiseer === Hausa ina haalee e ko ina tolnoo e 53% e yimɓe leydi Nijeer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-11-14|title=The Languages of Niger: Hausa|url=https://wellsbringhope.org/the-languages-of-niger-hausa/|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Wells Bring Hope|language=en}}</ref>, kadi ko ɗemngal leydi ndii anndinaa e hitaande 2025.<ref>[https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2042328/africa-country-new-official-language-niger/amp République du Niger, "The massive African country that's just adopted a new official language" express.co.uk] (accessed 20 April 2025)</ref> Ngal ɓuri haaleede ko e gure Maradi, Diffa, Tahuwa, Zinder, Tillaberi, Dosso, Agadez. === Kameruun === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Kameruun, ina jeyaa heen gure Ngaoundere, Garoua, e Maroua.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hausa - Boston University|url=https://www.bu.edu/africa/files/2013/08/Hausa-Brochure_Final.pdf|access-date=July 5, 2024|website=Boston University}}</ref> === Ganaa === Hausa ko ɗemngal gonngal e nder renndooji Zongo e nder leydi Gana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The history of the Hausa people in Ghana|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/The-history-of-the-Hausa-people-in-Ghana-and-their-contribution-to-Ghana-s-national-development-1807961|access-date=July 5, 2024|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> === Beneŋ === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Benin, ina jeyaa heen Paraku, Kandi, Natitingu, e Djougou.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Maps - Perry-Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|url=https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/nigeria.html|access-date=2024-12-17|website=maps.lib.utexas.edu}}</ref> === Togo === Hausa ina haalee e worgo leydi Togo, ina jeyaa heen Sokode, Kara, e Dapaong.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa EENI Global Business School-Business in Sokodé Kotokoli (Islam, Togo)|url=https://www.hauniversity.org/en/Sokode-Togo.shtml|access-date=March 23, 2025|website=(c) Africa - EENI Global Business School}}</ref> === Caad === Hawsa ina haalee e bannge funnaange leydi Caad, haa arti noon e N'Djamena. === Sudaan === E nder Sudaan, Hausa ina haalee e ko ɓuri heewde e Jazirah, Niil Bulo, e Kordofan, Dowlaaji Darfur, Dowlaaji Gadaref, Dowlaaji maayo Boɗeejo, Dowlaaji Niil Boɗeeji, e Maayo Niil.[ciimtol ina haani] === Haalooɓe e leydi === Hausa ina huutoree no feewi e nder leyɗeele hirnaange Afrik, kadi ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leƴƴi e pinal ceertuɗi ina kaala ɗum e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e Nijeer.[8] == Binndol == Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] jnvro5fvobj8rh9ekeenw2bt6j24kfy 114674 114673 2025-06-30T20:11:41Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hausare'''Hausa (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya e worgo leydi Naajeeriya.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=M. A. Z.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48668741|title=Tsarin sauti da nahawun hausa|date=1999|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-978-030-535-2|location=Ibadan [Nigeria]|oclc=48668741}}</ref> Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.<ref name=":0" /> === E leydi === To leydi Naajeeriya, Hausa ɓuri heewde e nder fuɗnaange leydi ndii fof, hay so tawii noon wonaa e nder diiwanuuji Kwara, Kogi e Benue. Dowlaaji e gure ɗe Hausa en ɓuri heewde ina jeyaa heen Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Daura, Gobir, Zaria, Sokoto, Birnin Kebbi, Gusau, Dutse, Hadejia, Bauchi, Misau, Zamfara, Gombe, Nafada, Maiduguri, Yobe, Yola, Jalingo, Jos, Konfia, Nasaraawa, Minna, Keffi e Abuja.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simwa|first=Adrianna|date=2018-06-21|title=List of states in Nigeria predominantly inhabited by the Hausas|url=https://www.legit.ng/1176164-major-hausa-states-nigeria.html|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> === Niiseer === Hausa ina haalee e ko ina tolnoo e 53% e yimɓe leydi Nijeer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-11-14|title=The Languages of Niger: Hausa|url=https://wellsbringhope.org/the-languages-of-niger-hausa/|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Wells Bring Hope|language=en}}</ref>, kadi ko ɗemngal leydi ndii anndinaa e hitaande 2025.<ref>[https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2042328/africa-country-new-official-language-niger/amp République du Niger, "The massive African country that's just adopted a new official language" express.co.uk] (accessed 20 April 2025)</ref> Ngal ɓuri haaleede ko e gure Maradi, Diffa, Tahuwa, Zinder, Tillaberi, Dosso, Agadez. === Kameruun === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Kameruun, ina jeyaa heen gure Ngaoundere, Garoua, e Maroua.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hausa - Boston University|url=https://www.bu.edu/africa/files/2013/08/Hausa-Brochure_Final.pdf|access-date=July 5, 2024|website=Boston University}}</ref> === Ganaa === Hausa ko ɗemngal gonngal e nder renndooji Zongo e nder leydi Gana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The history of the Hausa people in Ghana|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/The-history-of-the-Hausa-people-in-Ghana-and-their-contribution-to-Ghana-s-national-development-1807961|access-date=July 5, 2024|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> === Beneŋ === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Benin, ina jeyaa heen Paraku, Kandi, Natitingu, e Djougou.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Maps - Perry-Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|url=https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/nigeria.html|access-date=2024-12-17|website=maps.lib.utexas.edu}}</ref> === Togo === Hausa ina haalee e worgo leydi Togo, ina jeyaa heen Sokode, Kara, e Dapaong.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa EENI Global Business School-Business in Sokodé Kotokoli (Islam, Togo)|url=https://www.hauniversity.org/en/Sokode-Togo.shtml|access-date=March 23, 2025|website=(c) Africa - EENI Global Business School}}</ref> === Caad === Hawsa ina haalee e bannge funnaange leydi Caad, haa arti noon e N'Djamena. === Sudaan === E nder Sudaan, Hausa ina haalee e ko ɓuri heewde e Jazirah, Niil Bulo, e Kordofan, Dowlaaji Darfur, Dowlaaji Gadaref, Dowlaaji maayo Boɗeejo, Dowlaaji Niil Boɗeeji, e Maayo Niil. === Haalooɓe e leydi === Hausa ina huutoree no feewi e nder leyɗeele hirnaange Afrik, kadi ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leƴƴi e pinal ceertuɗi ina kaala ɗum e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e Nijeer.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> == Binndol == Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. {{Stub}} ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] 5bf4ovxd4nwag4k1n8lxt39rn083n59 114675 114674 2025-06-30T20:13:24Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hawsare''' (Ajami: هَرْشٜىٰن هَوْسَا) ko ɗemngal Caad ngal yimɓe Hausa en ɓuri haalde e nder nokkuuji worgo leydi [[Naajeeriya]], Ganaa, Kameruun, Benin e Togo, e feccere min to leydi Kodduwaar. Haalooɓe seeɗa ina ngoodi kadi e nder leydi Sudaan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Wolff|first=H. Ekkehard|title=Hausa language|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hausa-language|access-date=2020-10-14|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Spread of the Hausa Language|url=https://worldmapper.org/maps/spread-of-the-hausa-language-2005/|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Worldmapper}}</ref><ref name="Hau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hau/|title=Hausa|publisher=Ethnologue|access-date=27 March 2024}}</ref> Hausa ko tergal e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatik<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chayes|title=The Hausa Language|url=https://www.iaaw.hu-berlin.de/en/africa/linguistik-und-sprachen/african-languages/hausa|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Website des Institutes für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin}}</ref>, ko ɗemngal ɓurngal yaajde haaleede e nder caltal Chadic e ngal galle. Hay so tawii ummorii ko e galle ɗemɗe ɗe ngonaa tonngoode, Hausa ina huutoroo ceertugol toɓɓere ngam seerndude kelme e grammar. Ethnologue limtii wonde ko ina tolnoo e 58 miliyoŋ neɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal gadanal, 36 miliyoŋ goɗɗo ina kaala ɗemngal ɗiɗaɓal, ɗum noon ko ina tolnoo e 94 miliyoŋ haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> To leydi Naajeeriya, filmuuji Hausa ina nganndiraa Kannywood.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-10-03|title=Nigerian actress Rahama Sadau banned after on-screen hug|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37539977|access-date=2020-10-29}}</ref> == Senngo == Hausa jeyaa ko e dental ɗemɗe Chadic hirnaange e nder dental ɗemɗe Chadic, ngal kadi jeyaa ko e galle ɗemɗe Afroasiatic.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chadic languages {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chadic-languages|access-date=2022-02-15|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Peccitagol nokkuuji Pelle ɗemɗe leydi Najeriya e hitaande 1979 Haalooɓe ɗemngal Hausa, leñol Hausa, ɓuri taweede ko e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya e worgo leydi Naajeeriya.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sani|first=M. A. Z.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48668741|title=Tsarin sauti da nahawun hausa|date=1999|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-978-030-535-2|location=Ibadan [Nigeria]|oclc=48668741}}</ref> Ɗemngal ngal huutortee ko e lingua franca e yimɓe ɓe ngonaa haalooɓe ɗemngal mum en e ko ɓuri heewde e fuɗnaange leydi Naajeeriya, fuɗnaange Niiseer, fuɗnaange Kameruun, fuɗnaange Ganaa, fuɗnaange Benin, fuɗnaange Togo, fuɗnaange Caad e nokkuuji Sudaan.<ref name=":0" /> === E leydi === To leydi Naajeeriya, Hausa ɓuri heewde e nder fuɗnaange leydi ndii fof, hay so tawii noon wonaa e nder diiwanuuji Kwara, Kogi e Benue. Dowlaaji e gure ɗe Hausa en ɓuri heewde ina jeyaa heen Kano, Kaduna, Katsina, Daura, Gobir, Zaria, Sokoto, Birnin Kebbi, Gusau, Dutse, Hadejia, Bauchi, Misau, Zamfara, Gombe, Nafada, Maiduguri, Yobe, Yola, Jalingo, Jos, Konfia, Nasaraawa, Minna, Keffi e Abuja.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Simwa|first=Adrianna|date=2018-06-21|title=List of states in Nigeria predominantly inhabited by the Hausas|url=https://www.legit.ng/1176164-major-hausa-states-nigeria.html|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> === Niiseer === Hausa ina haalee e ko ina tolnoo e 53% e yimɓe leydi Nijeer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-11-14|title=The Languages of Niger: Hausa|url=https://wellsbringhope.org/the-languages-of-niger-hausa/|access-date=2024-07-05|website=Wells Bring Hope|language=en}}</ref>, kadi ko ɗemngal leydi ndii anndinaa e hitaande 2025.<ref>[https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2042328/africa-country-new-official-language-niger/amp République du Niger, "The massive African country that's just adopted a new official language" express.co.uk] (accessed 20 April 2025)</ref> Ngal ɓuri haaleede ko e gure Maradi, Diffa, Tahuwa, Zinder, Tillaberi, Dosso, Agadez. === Kameruun === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Kameruun, ina jeyaa heen gure Ngaoundere, Garoua, e Maroua.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hausa - Boston University|url=https://www.bu.edu/africa/files/2013/08/Hausa-Brochure_Final.pdf|access-date=July 5, 2024|website=Boston University}}</ref> === Ganaa === Hausa ko ɗemngal gonngal e nder renndooji Zongo e nder leydi Gana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The history of the Hausa people in Ghana|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/The-history-of-the-Hausa-people-in-Ghana-and-their-contribution-to-Ghana-s-national-development-1807961|access-date=July 5, 2024|website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> === Beneŋ === Hawsa ina haalee e fuɗnaange leydi Benin, ina jeyaa heen Paraku, Kandi, Natitingu, e Djougou.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Maps - Perry-Castañeda Map Collection - UT Library Online|url=https://maps.lib.utexas.edu/maps/nigeria.html|access-date=2024-12-17|website=maps.lib.utexas.edu}}</ref> === Togo === Hausa ina haalee e worgo leydi Togo, ina jeyaa heen Sokode, Kara, e Dapaong.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Africa EENI Global Business School-Business in Sokodé Kotokoli (Islam, Togo)|url=https://www.hauniversity.org/en/Sokode-Togo.shtml|access-date=March 23, 2025|website=(c) Africa - EENI Global Business School}}</ref> === Caad === Hawsa ina haalee e bannge funnaange leydi Caad, haa arti noon e N'Djamena. === Sudaan === E nder Sudaan, Hausa ina haalee e ko ɓuri heewde e Jazirah, Niil Bulo, e Kordofan, Dowlaaji Darfur, Dowlaaji Gadaref, Dowlaaji maayo Boɗeejo, Dowlaaji Niil Boɗeeji, e Maayo Niil. === Haalooɓe e leydi === Hausa ina huutoree no feewi e nder leyɗeele hirnaange Afrik, kadi ko yimɓe jeyaaɓe e leƴƴi e pinal ceertuɗi ina kaala ɗum e nder Fuɗnaange Naajeeriya e Nijeer.<ref>{{e28|hau}}</ref> == Binndol == Hawsaare ana winndiree binndi Ajaami walla laten (booko), kono hannɗe ko alkule laten ɓuri jaalaade. Nokkuje to hawsaare ɓuretee wowleede nder [[Najeeriya]] ko nano [[leydi]] ndii, teeŋtii non [[Sakwatobe]], [[Kano]], [[Kaduna]] kono hino sikkaa ɗemngal ngal ana laya jooni e denndaangal nano [[Najeeriya]] haa ngal fuɗɗike moɗude ɗemɗe heddiiɗe, ɓurɗe famɗude ɗee. ==Hiimobe== [[Category:Stub]] <references />{{Stub}} d499nbxe83iijf3plkv9ae1myjsrt1p 0 4944 114754 99356 2025-06-30T21:02:46Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Orop, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.[2][3] Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.[4] E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.[5] Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Orop. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel ; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.[6] E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel : kawgel 15 kawgel Orop/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.[7] E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.[8][9] Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Orop e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Orop kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.[10][11] Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.[12] Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.[13] Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Orop ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Orop/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Orop/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Orop, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Orop, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] id2h9wzhgskws81x04fynslcfwisdzb 114755 114754 2025-06-30T21:03:04Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Orop, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.[4] E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.[5] Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Orop. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel ; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.[6] E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel : kawgel 15 kawgel Orop/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.[7] E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.[8][9] Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Orop e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Orop kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.[10][11] Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.[12] Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.[13] Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Orop ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Orop/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Orop/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Orop, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Orop, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] pabxm7819mpijwhxqzji9mb9eckjipi 114756 114755 2025-06-30T21:03:25Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Orop, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.[4] E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.[5] Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Orop. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel ; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.[6] E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel : kawgel 15 kawgel Orop/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.[7] E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.[8][9] Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Orop e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Orop kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.[10][11] Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.[12] Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.[13] Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Orop ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Orop/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Orop/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Orop, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Orop, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] sn1loespgroty4md4h6cnp8gfc5333r 114757 114756 2025-06-30T21:03:40Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Orop, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.[5] Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Orop. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel ; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.[6] E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel : kawgel 15 kawgel Orop/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.[7] E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.[8][9] Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Orop e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Orop kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.[10][11] Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.[12] Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.[13] Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Orop ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Orop/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Orop/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Orop, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Orop, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] aqusodlccdkxi9ccog6x8s7j0zdqqud 114758 114757 2025-06-30T21:03:59Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Orop, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Orop. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel ; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.[6] E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel : kawgel 15 kawgel Orop/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.[7] E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.[8][9] Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Orop e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Orop kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.[10][11] Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.[12] Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.[13] Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Orop ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Orop/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Orop/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Orop, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Orop, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] fp8g7yp8ubepgmt64upnexzr9m9l3kf 114759 114758 2025-06-30T21:04:37Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Orop, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Orop. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel ; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel : kawgel 15 kawgel Orop/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.[7] E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.[8][9] Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Orop e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Orop kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.[10][11] Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.[12] Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.[13] Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Orop ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Orop/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Orop/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Orop, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Orop, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] 8647wwmva8e5ntcmpl4frb588uvf7wr 114760 114759 2025-06-30T21:05:04Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel ; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel : kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.[7] E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.[8][9] Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.[10][11] Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.[12] Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.[13] Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] r2mjgbb8yik35ysm4yq1uhowurxppz0 114761 114760 2025-06-30T21:05:44Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.[8][9] Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.[10][11] Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.[12] Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.[13] Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] muq7swn7niayne1fgbczjn65wnhkce3 114762 114761 2025-06-30T21:06:07Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.[10][11] Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.[12] Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.[13] Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] bo1rrrpkhpv4yv644rudamekccjshtc 114763 114762 2025-06-30T21:06:22Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.[10][11] Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.[12] Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.[13] Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] 1sp2nsg8nzizy9cx00dgcbuxqbvtc8o 114764 114763 2025-06-30T21:06:53Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.[12] Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.[13] Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] 7oe1b5ygfgh6z9x9qehxackcxsh7xkf 114765 114764 2025-06-30T21:07:09Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.[12] Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.[13] Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] 873f6i9wilkks07go9fzcvpiybg2upa 114766 114765 2025-06-30T21:07:44Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.[13] Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] oq1ztwv3uk21jou53icjld58xrgvho2 114767 114766 2025-06-30T21:08:09Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);[14] o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] qldnjzf0arn1ncln9of31cwgsd0a6kb 114768 114767 2025-06-30T21:08:28Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol. Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] 4r3dyoddvafqelkw45zm30gm2u4mfb0 114769 114768 2025-06-30T21:09:08Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] jv3ar3x2yt30daoxqfwf08gjsoqr34i 114770 114769 2025-06-30T21:09:26Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] be8wnn4t77g4u3q69fft0jnnw0cimr4 114771 114770 2025-06-30T21:09:43Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Karim Benzema betters Raul record but still 81 behind Cristiano Ronaldo on Real Madrid goal chart {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090553/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] p92t2zm5jdfuduiumvfe5tewnsfeqwe 114772 114771 2025-06-30T21:10:06Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Karim Benzema betters Raul record but still 81 behind Cristiano Ronaldo on Real Madrid goal chart {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090553/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Babalola|first=Oluwatomiwa|date=6 July 2021|title=Cristiano Ronaldo, Pele, Messi Top List of Greatest Goal Scorers in International Football|url=https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424141844/https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=SportsBrief – Sport news.|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.[19] Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] 69kpcbpso0hz45t7ufli5knpaswd7r2 114773 114772 2025-06-30T21:10:28Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Karim Benzema betters Raul record but still 81 behind Cristiano Ronaldo on Real Madrid goal chart {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090553/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Babalola|first=Oluwatomiwa|date=6 July 2021|title=Cristiano Ronaldo, Pele, Messi Top List of Greatest Goal Scorers in International Football|url=https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424141844/https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=SportsBrief – Sport news.|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2023|title=Jude Bellingham: Why Real Madrid move makes 'perfect sense'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615022709/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|archive-date=15 June 2023|access-date=15 June 2023|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20ɓiire e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,[20] kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] rhx6k2hq7xj9gk1fuaqmtsvcg5zgy5v 114774 114773 2025-06-30T21:11:06Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Karim Benzema betters Raul record but still 81 behind Cristiano Ronaldo on Real Madrid goal chart {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090553/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Babalola|first=Oluwatomiwa|date=6 July 2021|title=Cristiano Ronaldo, Pele, Messi Top List of Greatest Goal Scorers in International Football|url=https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424141844/https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=SportsBrief – Sport news.|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2023|title=Jude Bellingham: Why Real Madrid move makes 'perfect sense'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615022709/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|archive-date=15 June 2023|access-date=15 June 2023|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20th e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,<ref>{{cite web|date=1 December 2000|title=The FIFA Club of the Century|url=https://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423161359/http://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|archive-date=23 April 2007|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.[21] Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] s8srd43qewn55o91d0t6kno8m9bxc8i 114775 114774 2025-06-30T21:11:27Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Karim Benzema betters Raul record but still 81 behind Cristiano Ronaldo on Real Madrid goal chart {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090553/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Babalola|first=Oluwatomiwa|date=6 July 2021|title=Cristiano Ronaldo, Pele, Messi Top List of Greatest Goal Scorers in International Football|url=https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424141844/https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=SportsBrief – Sport news.|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2023|title=Jude Bellingham: Why Real Madrid move makes 'perfect sense'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615022709/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|archive-date=15 June 2023|access-date=15 June 2023|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20th e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,<ref>{{cite web|date=1 December 2000|title=The FIFA Club of the Century|url=https://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423161359/http://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|archive-date=23 April 2007|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 May 2004|title=FIFA Centennial Orders of Merit|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031123/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.[22] Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] l4ttus5rtl4oafzwda3u5t9jqhszn3m 114776 114775 2025-06-30T21:11:49Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Karim Benzema betters Raul record but still 81 behind Cristiano Ronaldo on Real Madrid goal chart {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090553/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Babalola|first=Oluwatomiwa|date=6 July 2021|title=Cristiano Ronaldo, Pele, Messi Top List of Greatest Goal Scorers in International Football|url=https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424141844/https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=SportsBrief – Sport news.|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2023|title=Jude Bellingham: Why Real Madrid move makes 'perfect sense'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615022709/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|archive-date=15 June 2023|access-date=15 June 2023|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20th e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,<ref>{{cite web|date=1 December 2000|title=The FIFA Club of the Century|url=https://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423161359/http://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|archive-date=23 April 2007|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 May 2004|title=FIFA Centennial Orders of Merit|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031123/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.<ref>{{Cite web|last=UEFA.com|title=All-time stats & rankings {{!}} UEFA Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516215008/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|archive-date=16 May 2023|access-date=19 May 2023|website=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).[23] E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] kr1ofobcs6q6swnf4e77uxq2tv8unv2 114777 114776 2025-06-30T21:12:13Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Karim Benzema betters Raul record but still 81 behind Cristiano Ronaldo on Real Madrid goal chart {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090553/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Babalola|first=Oluwatomiwa|date=6 July 2021|title=Cristiano Ronaldo, Pele, Messi Top List of Greatest Goal Scorers in International Football|url=https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424141844/https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=SportsBrief – Sport news.|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2023|title=Jude Bellingham: Why Real Madrid move makes 'perfect sense'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615022709/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|archive-date=15 June 2023|access-date=15 June 2023|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20th e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,<ref>{{cite web|date=1 December 2000|title=The FIFA Club of the Century|url=https://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423161359/http://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|archive-date=23 April 2007|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 May 2004|title=FIFA Centennial Orders of Merit|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031123/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.<ref>{{Cite web|last=UEFA.com|title=All-time stats & rankings {{!}} UEFA Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516215008/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|archive-date=16 May 2023|access-date=19 May 2023|website=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).<ref>{{Cite web|title=REAL MADRID C.F. - ERROR|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/latest-news/la-decima-cumple-diez-anos-24-05-2024|access-date=2024-12-20|website=www.realmadrid.com}}</ref> E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.[24] Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] 692b9by564yfrddnpp839nppsia03jv 114778 114777 2025-06-30T21:12:34Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Karim Benzema betters Raul record but still 81 behind Cristiano Ronaldo on Real Madrid goal chart {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090553/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Babalola|first=Oluwatomiwa|date=6 July 2021|title=Cristiano Ronaldo, Pele, Messi Top List of Greatest Goal Scorers in International Football|url=https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424141844/https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=SportsBrief – Sport news.|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2023|title=Jude Bellingham: Why Real Madrid move makes 'perfect sense'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615022709/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|archive-date=15 June 2023|access-date=15 June 2023|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20th e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,<ref>{{cite web|date=1 December 2000|title=The FIFA Club of the Century|url=https://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423161359/http://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|archive-date=23 April 2007|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 May 2004|title=FIFA Centennial Orders of Merit|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031123/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.<ref>{{Cite web|last=UEFA.com|title=All-time stats & rankings {{!}} UEFA Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516215008/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|archive-date=16 May 2023|access-date=19 May 2023|website=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).<ref>{{Cite web|title=REAL MADRID C.F. - ERROR|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/latest-news/la-decima-cumple-diez-anos-24-05-2024|access-date=2024-12-20|website=www.realmadrid.com}}</ref> E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2022|title=Most wins of the football (soccer) European Cup / Champions League (team)|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-wins-of-the-football-(soccer)-european-cup-champions-league-(team)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419172343/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-wins-of-the-football-(soccer)-european-cup-champions-league-(team)|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-gb}}</ref> Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.[25] Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] 5hc5ovf7ci71dorh1d7oga9hacb12e8 114779 114778 2025-06-30T21:12:57Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Karim Benzema betters Raul record but still 81 behind Cristiano Ronaldo on Real Madrid goal chart {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090553/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Babalola|first=Oluwatomiwa|date=6 July 2021|title=Cristiano Ronaldo, Pele, Messi Top List of Greatest Goal Scorers in International Football|url=https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424141844/https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=SportsBrief – Sport news.|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2023|title=Jude Bellingham: Why Real Madrid move makes 'perfect sense'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615022709/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|archive-date=15 June 2023|access-date=15 June 2023|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20th e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,<ref>{{cite web|date=1 December 2000|title=The FIFA Club of the Century|url=https://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423161359/http://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|archive-date=23 April 2007|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 May 2004|title=FIFA Centennial Orders of Merit|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031123/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.<ref>{{Cite web|last=UEFA.com|title=All-time stats & rankings {{!}} UEFA Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516215008/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|archive-date=16 May 2023|access-date=19 May 2023|website=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).<ref>{{Cite web|title=REAL MADRID C.F. - ERROR|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/latest-news/la-decima-cumple-diez-anos-24-05-2024|access-date=2024-12-20|website=www.realmadrid.com}}</ref> E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2022|title=Most wins of the football (soccer) European Cup / Champions League (team)|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-wins-of-the-football-(soccer)-european-cup-champions-league-(team)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419172343/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-wins-of-the-football-(soccer)-european-cup-champions-league-(team)|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-gb}}</ref> Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 February 2023|title=Centurions! Real Madrid won their 100th trophy with FIFA Club World Cup triumph|url=https://www.espn.in/football/real-madrid-espreal_madrid/story/4877147/real-madrid-just-won-their-100th-trophy-with-their-fifa-club-world-cup-triumph|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090554/https://www.espn.in/football/real-madrid-espreal_madrid/story/4877147/real-madrid-just-won-their-100th-trophy-with-their-fifa-club-world-cup-triumph|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.[26][27] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] djpgdnndazhus2p5zrryysnooyiorsw 114780 114779 2025-06-30T21:13:17Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Karim Benzema betters Raul record but still 81 behind Cristiano Ronaldo on Real Madrid goal chart {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090553/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Babalola|first=Oluwatomiwa|date=6 July 2021|title=Cristiano Ronaldo, Pele, Messi Top List of Greatest Goal Scorers in International Football|url=https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424141844/https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=SportsBrief – Sport news.|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2023|title=Jude Bellingham: Why Real Madrid move makes 'perfect sense'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615022709/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|archive-date=15 June 2023|access-date=15 June 2023|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20th e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,<ref>{{cite web|date=1 December 2000|title=The FIFA Club of the Century|url=https://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423161359/http://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|archive-date=23 April 2007|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 May 2004|title=FIFA Centennial Orders of Merit|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031123/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.<ref>{{Cite web|last=UEFA.com|title=All-time stats & rankings {{!}} UEFA Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516215008/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|archive-date=16 May 2023|access-date=19 May 2023|website=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).<ref>{{Cite web|title=REAL MADRID C.F. - ERROR|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/latest-news/la-decima-cumple-diez-anos-24-05-2024|access-date=2024-12-20|website=www.realmadrid.com}}</ref> E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2022|title=Most wins of the football (soccer) European Cup / Champions League (team)|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-wins-of-the-football-(soccer)-european-cup-champions-league-(team)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419172343/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-wins-of-the-football-(soccer)-european-cup-champions-league-(team)|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-gb}}</ref> Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 February 2023|title=Centurions! Real Madrid won their 100th trophy with FIFA Club World Cup triumph|url=https://www.espn.in/football/real-madrid-espreal_madrid/story/4877147/real-madrid-just-won-their-100th-trophy-with-their-fifa-club-world-cup-triumph|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090554/https://www.espn.in/football/real-madrid-espreal_madrid/story/4877147/real-madrid-just-won-their-100th-trophy-with-their-fifa-club-world-cup-triumph|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.<ref>{{cite web|title=UEFA rankings for club competitions|url=https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/uefarankings/club/#/yr/2023|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320224158/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html#/yr/2023|archive-date=20 March 2017|access-date=31 May 2022|publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] b60fmbapblxpegjsoui410wfshk6kwm 114781 114780 2025-06-30T21:13:40Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Karim Benzema betters Raul record but still 81 behind Cristiano Ronaldo on Real Madrid goal chart {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090553/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Babalola|first=Oluwatomiwa|date=6 July 2021|title=Cristiano Ronaldo, Pele, Messi Top List of Greatest Goal Scorers in International Football|url=https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424141844/https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=SportsBrief – Sport news.|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2023|title=Jude Bellingham: Why Real Madrid move makes 'perfect sense'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615022709/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|archive-date=15 June 2023|access-date=15 June 2023|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20th e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,<ref>{{cite web|date=1 December 2000|title=The FIFA Club of the Century|url=https://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423161359/http://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|archive-date=23 April 2007|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 May 2004|title=FIFA Centennial Orders of Merit|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031123/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),[8] kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.<ref>{{Cite web|last=UEFA.com|title=All-time stats & rankings {{!}} UEFA Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516215008/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|archive-date=16 May 2023|access-date=19 May 2023|website=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).<ref>{{Cite web|title=REAL MADRID C.F. - ERROR|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/latest-news/la-decima-cumple-diez-anos-24-05-2024|access-date=2024-12-20|website=www.realmadrid.com}}</ref> E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2022|title=Most wins of the football (soccer) European Cup / Champions League (team)|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-wins-of-the-football-(soccer)-european-cup-champions-league-(team)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419172343/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-wins-of-the-football-(soccer)-european-cup-champions-league-(team)|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-gb}}</ref> Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 February 2023|title=Centurions! Real Madrid won their 100th trophy with FIFA Club World Cup triumph|url=https://www.espn.in/football/real-madrid-espreal_madrid/story/4877147/real-madrid-just-won-their-100th-trophy-with-their-fifa-club-world-cup-triumph|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090554/https://www.espn.in/football/real-madrid-espreal_madrid/story/4877147/real-madrid-just-won-their-100th-trophy-with-their-fifa-club-world-cup-triumph|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.<ref>{{cite web|title=UEFA rankings for club competitions|url=https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/uefarankings/club/#/yr/2023|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320224158/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html#/yr/2023|archive-date=20 March 2017|access-date=31 May 2022|publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=UEFA.com|date=July 2018|title=Ten-year club coefficients {{!}} UEFA Coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/uefarankings/tenyears/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705091212/https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/uefarankings/tenyears/|archive-date=5 July 2023|access-date=12 July 2023|website=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref> ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] 7cuxpl7r0ffda87kvrzvh05wvx0c7zz 114782 114781 2025-06-30T21:14:17Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Karim Benzema betters Raul record but still 81 behind Cristiano Ronaldo on Real Madrid goal chart {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090553/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Babalola|first=Oluwatomiwa|date=6 July 2021|title=Cristiano Ronaldo, Pele, Messi Top List of Greatest Goal Scorers in International Football|url=https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424141844/https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=SportsBrief – Sport news.|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2023|title=Jude Bellingham: Why Real Madrid move makes 'perfect sense'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615022709/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|archive-date=15 June 2023|access-date=15 June 2023|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20th e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,<ref>{{cite web|date=1 December 2000|title=The FIFA Club of the Century|url=https://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423161359/http://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|archive-date=23 April 2007|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 May 2004|title=FIFA Centennial Orders of Merit|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031123/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),<ref name=":0" /> kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.<ref>{{Cite web|last=UEFA.com|title=All-time stats & rankings {{!}} UEFA Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516215008/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|archive-date=16 May 2023|access-date=19 May 2023|website=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).<ref>{{Cite web|title=REAL MADRID C.F. - ERROR|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/latest-news/la-decima-cumple-diez-anos-24-05-2024|access-date=2024-12-20|website=www.realmadrid.com}}</ref> E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15ɓiire Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2022|title=Most wins of the football (soccer) European Cup / Champions League (team)|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-wins-of-the-football-(soccer)-european-cup-champions-league-(team)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419172343/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-wins-of-the-football-(soccer)-european-cup-champions-league-(team)|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-gb}}</ref> Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 February 2023|title=Centurions! Real Madrid won their 100th trophy with FIFA Club World Cup triumph|url=https://www.espn.in/football/real-madrid-espreal_madrid/story/4877147/real-madrid-just-won-their-100th-trophy-with-their-fifa-club-world-cup-triumph|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090554/https://www.espn.in/football/real-madrid-espreal_madrid/story/4877147/real-madrid-just-won-their-100th-trophy-with-their-fifa-club-world-cup-triumph|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.<ref>{{cite web|title=UEFA rankings for club competitions|url=https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/uefarankings/club/#/yr/2023|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320224158/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html#/yr/2023|archive-date=20 March 2017|access-date=31 May 2022|publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=UEFA.com|date=July 2018|title=Ten-year club coefficients {{!}} UEFA Coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/uefarankings/tenyears/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705091212/https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/uefarankings/tenyears/|archive-date=5 July 2023|access-date=12 July 2023|website=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref> ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] adqdi2mqa3xqgp96fqih5iav9gbtyy9 114783 114782 2025-06-30T21:14:48Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Real Madrid''' ko ɓuri heewde e innde mum ko Real Madrid, ko fedde fuku koyɗe Espaañnaajo, jooɗiiɗo to Madrid. Kippu oo ina hawra e La Liga, woni diɗɗal ɓurngal toowde e fuku Espaañ. Sosaa ko e hitaande 1902 e innde fedde fuku koyɗe Madrid, fedde nde ina joginoo aadaaji ɓoornaade comci daneeji gila nde sosaa. Tiitoonde teddunde 'Real' ko Españool firti ko "Royal" nde laamɗo Alfonso XIII rokki fedde nde e hitaande 1920 wondude e kuɗol ngol e nder nate fedde nde. Real Madrid ina yuɓɓina kawgel mum e nder galle mum e nder Santiago Bernabéu to Madrid, ɗo 78 297 neɗɗo mbaawi hoɗde, gila 1947. Ina wayi no ko ɓuri heewde e feddeeji dingiral Yuroopu, terɗe Real Madrid (socios) ina njogii, ina kuutoroo fedde nde e nder daartol mum. Gimmol laawɗungol Madrid ko "Hala Madrid y nada más", ngol RedOne e Manuel Jabois mbinndi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Hala Madrid...y nada más (feat. RedOne)|date=27 May 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325210147/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yc-7IQqcqeM|archive-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|language=en}}</ref> Kippu oo ina jeyaa e kippuuji ɓurɗi waawde wallitde e winndere nde, kadi ko kañum ɓuri reweede e nder laylayti renndo e fawaade e CIES Football Observatory gila 2024.<ref>Dongfeng Liu, Girish Ramchandani (2012). "The Global Economics of Sport", p. 65, Routledge.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Clubs with the most followers on social networks – CIES Football Observatory|url=https://football-observatory.com/WeeklyPost467|access-date=2025-01-14|website=football-observatory.com}}</ref> Nde hiisaama nde yoɓata ko 6,6 miliyaar dolaar e hitaande 2024, ɗum noon ko nde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde nafoore e winndere ndee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite news|last1=Ozanian|first1=Mike|last2=Tietelbaum|first2=Justin|date=23 May 2024|title=The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2024|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/soccer-valuations/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529092638/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikeozanian/2022/05/26/the-worlds-most-valuable-soccer-teams-2022-real-madrid-worth-51-billion-back-on-top/?sh=1e3891c7286b|archive-date=29 May 2022|access-date=23 May 2024|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> E hitaande 2024, Real Madrid wonti fedde fuku koyɗe gadane heɓde miliyaar €1 (1,08 miliyaar dolaar) e fawaade e bayyinaango fedde nde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Real Madrid first club in world to report €1bn in revenue|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/real-madrid-club-world-report-1bn-revenue/story?id=112222921|access-date=2024-07-24|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid ina jeyaa e fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde lollude e winndere nde, ɓurnde lollude e nder Yuroopu. E nder fuku koyɗe nder leydi, fedde ndee heɓi 71 kawgel; limngal 36 tiitoonde La Liga, 20 Kop Rey, 13 Kop Espaañ, Kop Eva Duarte e Kop Liga.<ref>{{cite web|title=World Football: The 11 Most Successful European Clubs in History|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220458/http://bleacherreport.com/articles/510011-world-football-the-11-most-successful-european-clubs-in-history/page/12|archive-date=15 April 2012|access-date=22 January 2012|website=[[Bleacher Report]]|last1=Traquete|first1=Manuel}}</ref> E nder fuku koyɗe hakkunde leyɗeele, Real Madrid heɓiino 35 kawgel: kawgel 15 kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA, kawgel jeegom UEFA Super Cup, kawgel ɗiɗi UEFA, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Latin ɗiɗi, kawgel ngel ko kawgel Iberoamerica gootol, kawgel ngel ko kawgel FIFA Club joint ran1 limoore laabi e nder Fedde Adunaare Taariindi e Limlebbi Fulɓe (IFFHS) limngal winnderewal ngam duuɓi 2000, 2002, 2014, 2017, e 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 July 2022|title=Former Results|url=https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213210715/https://www.iffhs.de/former-results/|archive-date=13 February 2023|access-date=22 April 2023|work=IFFHS|language=de-DE}}</ref> E nder UEFA, Madrid woni gadanol e nder limlebbi kippuuji ɓurɗi heewde yimɓe.<ref name="uefa records22">{{cite web|title=UEFA Champions League statistics 2022–23 handbook&nbsp;– All-time records 1955–2022|url=https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810182359/https://www.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/EuroExperience/competitions/Publications/02/28/56/90/2285690_DOWNLOAD.pdf#page=2|archive-date=10 August 2020|access-date=25 January 2019|website=UEFA|page=1}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|date=12 May 2021|title=Member associations&nbsp;– UEFA rankings&nbsp;– Club coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318140434/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html|archive-date=18 March 2019|access-date=25 May 2021|website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ko o gooto e terɗe tati sosɗe La Liga ɗe meeɗaa yaltude e diɗɗal toowngal gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1929 (e wondude e Athletic Bilbao e Barselona), Real Madrid ina jogii luural keewngal juutngal, ɓurngal teeŋtude heen ko El Clásico e Barselona e El Derbi Madrileño e Atlético. Kippu oo sosi hoore mum ko doole mawɗe e nder fuku Espaañ e Yuroopu e kitaale 1950 e 1960, o heɓi njeenaaje joy jokkondirɗe e jeegom e kawgel Yuroopu kuuɓtodinngel, o yettii kadi kawgel ɗiɗmel goɗngel. Ndeeɗoo nafoore rewtinaama e bannge nder leydi, sibu Madrid heɓi 12 tiitoonde kawgel e nder duuɓi 16. Ndeeɗoo kippu, tawi ina waɗi Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskás, Paco Gento e Raymond Kopa, ina hiisee, e won e yimɓe e nder dingiral hee, ko kañum ɓuri mawnude e jamaanu kala.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2011|title=Real Madrid 1960 – the greatest club side of all time|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301131355/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/jonathanstevenson/2011/05/the_greatest_club_side_of_all.html|archive-date=1 March 2015|access-date=19 March 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=22 May 2013|title=The great European Cup teams: Real Madrid 1955–60|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819061600/https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/may/22/european-cup-teams-real-madrid|archive-date=19 August 2020|access-date=19 March 2015|work=The Guardian}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndaa e politik mum Galácticos, ko ɗum woni ko siynude fukuyaŋkooɓe ɓurɓe waawde fiyde e winndere ndee, ko wayi no Ronaldo, Zinedine Zidane e David Beckham ngam sosde kippu hoodere mawnde.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rai|first=Guillermo|title=How to manage Los Galacticos. By Vicente del Bosque|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312165547/https://theathletic.com/4084667/2023/01/13/galacticos-real-madrid-ronaldo/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=3 March 2023|work=The New York Times|language=en}}</ref> Helmere « politik Galácticos » ndee ina heewi firtude yontaaji ɗiɗi ɗi Florentino Perez ardii fedde ndee (2000-2006 e 2009-2018) ; kono, fukuyaŋkooɓe adduɓe ko adii laamu makko, ina heen sahaaji ina njiytee e lefol Galácticos. Yeru teeŋtuɗo ko Steve McManaman, mo hono no fukuyaŋkooɓe woɗɓe heewɓe kadi keɓiri e les politik oo.<ref name="tft">{{Cite news|last=Townsend|first=Jon|date=2 April 2020|title=Steve McManaman at Real Madrid: The most successful English player to head overseas|url=https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411203028/https://thesefootballtimes.co/2020/04/02/steve-mcmanaman-at-real-madrid-the-most-successful-english-player-to-head-overseas/|archive-date=11 April 2020|access-date=14 April 2020|work=These Football Times}}</ref> Ñalnde 26 lewru juko hitaande 2009, Madrid siifondirii e Cristiano Ronaldo e njoɓdi 80 miliyoŋ £ (94 miliyoŋ €);<ref>{{Cite web|last=X|first=Mr|title=The Cristiano Ronaldo £80m Transfer from Man United to Madrid Analysed|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090549/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/197003-the-cristiano-ronaldo-80m-transfer-from-united-to-madrid-analysed|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=Bleacher Report|language=en}}</ref> o wonti ɓurɗo waawde golloraade gool e nder fedde nde e daartol.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhargav|date=8 December 2021|title=Ranking the 10 greatest Real Madrid players of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411093432/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/ranking-10-greatest-real-madrid-players-time-ronaldo-di-stefano-ramos|archive-date=11 April 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayamga|first=Emmanuel|date=8 January 2019|title=3 reasons why Cristiano Ronaldo is easily the greatest footballer of all time|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712003327/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/3-reasons-why-cristiano-ronaldo-is-easily-the-greatest-footballer-of-all-time|archive-date=12 July 2023|access-date=11 April 2023|website=sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Karim Benzema betters Raul record but still 81 behind Cristiano Ronaldo on Real Madrid goal chart {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090553/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/karim-benzema-better-raul-record-81-behind-cristiano-ronaldo-real-madrid-goal/blt74613a6c3f8eee4f|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Babalola|first=Oluwatomiwa|date=6 July 2021|title=Cristiano Ronaldo, Pele, Messi Top List of Greatest Goal Scorers in International Football|url=https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424141844/https://sportsbrief.com/football/1764-cristiano-ronaldo-pele-messi-top-list-greatest-goal-scorers-international-football/|archive-date=24 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=SportsBrief – Sport news.|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓooyaani koo, Madrid ina jokki e siynude sukaaɓe waawɓe golle hono Vinicius Junior, Rodrygo, e Jude Bellingham.<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 June 2023|title=Jude Bellingham: Why Real Madrid move makes 'perfect sense'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230615022709/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65477289|archive-date=15 June 2023|access-date=15 June 2023|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ina anndiraa wonde fedde fuku koyɗe ɓurnde mawnude e teeminannde 20th e FIFA, kadi ko fedde Yuroopu ɓurnde moƴƴude e nder yontaaji gooti e IFFHS,<ref>{{cite web|date=1 December 2000|title=The FIFA Club of the Century|url=https://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423161359/http://www.fifa.com/events/playergala00/documents/Club.pdf|archive-date=23 April 2007|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> kadi ina heɓi njeenaari FIFA e hitaande 2004.<ref>{{cite web|date=20 May 2004|title=FIFA Centennial Orders of Merit|url=https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031123/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/news/y=2004/m=5/news=celebrations-mark-the-opening-fifa-centennial-congress-paris-fifa-birt-92643.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Real Madrid ɓuri heewde tawtoreede e kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des Champions UEFA (55),<ref name=":0" /> kawgel ngel ɓe njogii limre ɓurnde heewde nafoore, ɓurnde heewde ƴaañde e ɓurde heewde golle.<ref>{{Cite web|last=UEFA.com|title=All-time stats & rankings {{!}} UEFA Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516215008/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/rankings/|archive-date=16 May 2023|access-date=19 May 2023|website=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref> Real Madrid woni tan ko kippu keɓɗo tiitooɗe tati jokkondirɗe (peat tati) e nder kawgel Yuroopu/Ligue des champions UEFA laabi ɗiɗi, gadanol ngol ko e hitaande 1955–56, 1956–57, e 1957–58, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17–1958, ɗiɗmol ngol e hitaande 2015–16, 2016–17 e 2016 (e hitaande 2013-14).<ref>{{Cite web|title=REAL MADRID C.F. - ERROR|url=https://www.realmadrid.com/en-US/news/club/latest-news/la-decima-cumple-diez-anos-24-05-2024|access-date=2024-12-20|website=www.realmadrid.com}}</ref> E lewru suwee 2024, ɓe keɓii tiitoonde 15th Ligue des Champions (go’o e nder duuɓi sappo e go’o), nde Guinness World Records anndini ɗum.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2022|title=Most wins of the football (soccer) European Cup / Champions League (team)|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-wins-of-the-football-(soccer)-european-cup-champions-league-(team)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419172343/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-wins-of-the-football-(soccer)-european-cup-champions-league-(team)|archive-date=19 April 2023|access-date=19 April 2023|website=Guinness World Records|language=en-gb}}</ref> Real Madrid woni fedde adannde e nder denndaangal kawgel joy ɓurngel mawnude e nder Yuroopu, heɓde 100 kawgel e nder kawgel ngel fof.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 February 2023|title=Centurions! Real Madrid won their 100th trophy with FIFA Club World Cup triumph|url=https://www.espn.in/football/real-madrid-espreal_madrid/story/4877147/real-madrid-just-won-their-100th-trophy-with-their-fifa-club-world-cup-triumph|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226090554/https://www.espn.in/football/real-madrid-espreal_madrid/story/4877147/real-madrid-just-won-their-100th-trophy-with-their-fifa-club-world-cup-triumph|archive-date=26 February 2023|access-date=26 February 2023|website=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> Haa e lewru feebariyee 2025, Real Madrid woni ko e 1ɓo e Yuroopu, e fawaade e limlebbi UEFA kam e limlebbi gadano e nder duuɓi 10 jawtuɗi ɗii (2013–2023) e nder kala.<ref>{{cite web|title=UEFA rankings for club competitions|url=https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/uefarankings/club/#/yr/2023|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320224158/http://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/club/index.html#/yr/2023|archive-date=20 March 2017|access-date=31 May 2022|publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=UEFA.com|date=July 2018|title=Ten-year club coefficients {{!}} UEFA Coefficients|url=https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/uefarankings/tenyears/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705091212/https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/uefarankings/tenyears/|archive-date=5 July 2023|access-date=12 July 2023|website=[[UEFA]]|language=en}}</ref> ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Sipaniya]] [[Category:bolji]] [[Category:Stub]] ehiy5puxav8mmnq89yyh92yyy1t1ngo 0 5006 114644 89284 2025-06-30T19:51:12Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Hamburg''' un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [[Berlin]]<ref name="constitution">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="constitution2">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}.</ref> ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Jacqueline Brinkwirth|author2=Sophie von Wirth|author3=Gero Berndt|date=31 May 2019|title=Ranking 2019: Die zehn größten Städte Deutschlands|trans-title=The Ten Largest German Cities|newspaper=Handelsblatt|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/ranking-2019-die-zehn-groessten-staedte-deutschlands/24407466.html|language=de}}</ref> Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji [1] e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Hamburg| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard--> [[Category:Berniiji]] [[Category:Berniiji Jaaman]] [[Category:Jaaman]] [[Category:Diiwal dow e Jaaman]] 5yv2a6l07wfsggicemgb43o974vt6au 114645 114644 2025-06-30T19:51:32Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Hamburg''' un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [[Berlin]]<ref name="constitution">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="constitution2">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}.</ref> ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Jacqueline Brinkwirth|author2=Sophie von Wirth|author3=Gero Berndt|date=31 May 2019|title=Ranking 2019: Die zehn größten Städte Deutschlands|trans-title=The Ten Largest German Cities|newspaper=Handelsblatt|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/ranking-2019-die-zehn-groessten-staedte-deutschlands/24407466.html|language=de}}</ref> Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamburg in Zahlen|url=https://www.hamburg.de/info/3277402/hamburg-in-zahlen/|access-date=12 July 2023|website=hamburg.de|language=de}}</ref> e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Hamburg| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard--> [[Category:Berniiji]] [[Category:Berniiji Jaaman]] [[Category:Jaaman]] [[Category:Diiwal dow e Jaaman]] g128ax82bve0ddlfa5y6u3ax9i035vo 114646 114645 2025-06-30T19:51:48Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Hamburg''' un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [[Berlin]]<ref name="constitution">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="constitution2">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}.</ref> ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Jacqueline Brinkwirth|author2=Sophie von Wirth|author3=Gero Berndt|date=31 May 2019|title=Ranking 2019: Die zehn größten Städte Deutschlands|trans-title=The Ten Largest German Cities|newspaper=Handelsblatt|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/ranking-2019-die-zehn-groessten-staedte-deutschlands/24407466.html|language=de}}</ref> Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamburg in Zahlen|url=https://www.hamburg.de/info/3277402/hamburg-in-zahlen/|access-date=12 July 2023|website=hamburg.de|language=de}}</ref><ref name="citypopulation_urban">{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|author=citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office|title=Germany: Urban Areas|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133151/http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Hamburg| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard--> [[Category:Berniiji]] [[Category:Berniiji Jaaman]] [[Category:Jaaman]] [[Category:Diiwal dow e Jaaman]] mzuuxphs8399y222y4s6k6ll6jlqzq8 114647 114646 2025-06-30T19:53:41Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Hamburg''' un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [[Berlin]]<ref name="constitution">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="constitution2">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}.</ref> ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Jacqueline Brinkwirth|author2=Sophie von Wirth|author3=Gero Berndt|date=31 May 2019|title=Ranking 2019: Die zehn größten Städte Deutschlands|trans-title=The Ten Largest German Cities|newspaper=Handelsblatt|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/ranking-2019-die-zehn-groessten-staedte-deutschlands/24407466.html|language=de}}</ref> Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamburg in Zahlen|url=https://www.hamburg.de/info/3277402/hamburg-in-zahlen/|access-date=12 July 2023|website=hamburg.de|language=de}}</ref><ref name="citypopulation_urban">{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|author=citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office|title=Germany: Urban Areas|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133151/http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. To bannge worgo duunde Jutland, Hamburg ina darii e dow maayo Elbe ɓuuɓngo e hoore maayo 110 km (68 mi) feewde maayo worgo, e dow hunduko Alster e Bille. Hamburg ina jeyaa e gure-dowlaaji tati Almaañ sara Berlin e Bremen, ina taaroo Schleswig-Holstein to bannge worgo e Sakson les to bannge worgo. Port Hamburg woni Port Hamburg ɓurɗo mawnude e Almaañ, tataɓo e Orop, caggal Rotterdam e Antwerpen. Ɗemngal nokku oo ko mbaydi Low Saxon. Innde laawɗunde ndee ina hollita daartol Hamburg nde wonnoo ko tergal e fedde Hanseatic Ligue medieval e wuro laamɗo ndimaagu e nder Laamaandi Room Ceniindi. Ko adii kawral Almaañ e hitaande 1871, ko leydi wuro laamu timmungo, ko adii 1919 ko republique civique ardinoo ɗum e doosɗe leydi ko dental Grand Burghers walla Hanseaten ronooɓe. Beset e musibbaaji ko wayi no yiite mawnde Hamburg, ilam maayo worgo e hitaande 1962 e hareeji konu ina jeyaa heen bommbooji wolde adunaare ɗimmere, wuro ngoo dañii ƴellitaade e yaltude e alɗude caggal kala musiiba. == Joogaraafi == Hamburg woni ko e laana ndiwoowa ɓuuɓka to bannge worgo fanning-out Peninsula Jutland, hakkunde duunde Orop to bannge worgo e Skandinaavi to bannge worgo, e maayo worgo to bannge hirnaange e maayo Baltik to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. Ko e maayo Elbe ɗo hawrata e Alster e Bille. Caka wuro ngo woni ko e saraaji Binnenalster ("Alster nder") e Außenalster ("Alster yaasi"), ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko e ɓuuɓnude maayo Alster ngam waɗde maayooji. Duundeeji Neuwerk, Scharhörn, e Nigehörn, 100 kiloomeeteer (60 mi) e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Hamburg, ina njeyaa kadi e wuro Hamburg.[1] Koɗkiiji Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop e Finkenwerder ina njeyaa e diiwaan leydi Altes (leydi ɓooyndi), diiwaan ɓurɗo mawnude e Orop hakkundeejo, jokkondirɗo e peewnugol leɗɗe. Neugraben-Fischbek woni nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Hamburg, ko Hasselbrack woni 116,2 meeteer (381 ft) AMSL.[2] Hamburg ina seerti e diiwanuuji Sleswig-Holstein e Sakson les. == Wakati == Hamburg ina jogii weeyo geec (Köppen: Cfb; Trewartha: Dobk), ina jogii batte e ɓadtaade daande maayo e batte geec ummoriiɗe e dow geec Atlantik. Nokku oo to fuɗnaange Almaañ ina rokka ekstreemuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e weeyo maayo, kono sikke alaa e nder cate sabu westerlies ɓurɗo heewde.[3] Leɗɗe ɓutte ɓadiiɗe ina mbeltii e weeyo ɓuuɓngo maayo. Keewgol nees ina seerti no feewi e ɗii duuɓi capanɗe cakkitiiɗi. E darorɗe kitaale 1970 e puɗal kitaale 1980, neesuuji keewɗi ina mbaɗa sahaa e sahaa fof,[4] ndunngu e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ɗii ina famɗi, neesuuji ina mbaɗa balɗe seeɗa tan e hitaande.[5][6] Lebbi ɓurɗi wulde ko lewru suwee, sulyee e ut, nguleeki mum tolnii e 20,1 haa 22,5 °C (68,2 haa 72,5 °F). Ɓuri toowde ko lewru Duujal, lewru Yarkomaa e Feebariyee, nguleeki mum tolnii e −0,3 haa 1,0 °C (31,5 haa 33,8 °F).[7] Nguleeki ɓurtuki hitaande kala ina ummoo e −29,1 °C (−20,4 °F) ñalnde 13 feebariyee 1940, haa 40,1 °C (104,2 °F) ñalnde 20 sulyee 2022, e ñalngu cakkitiingu nguu fotnoo ko to Hamburg-Neuwiedenthal e ñalawma toowɗo nguleeki, S 39,1 °C (102,4 °F) woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Hamburg.[8] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Hamburg| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard--> [[Category:Berniiji]] [[Category:Berniiji Jaaman]] [[Category:Jaaman]] [[Category:Diiwal dow e Jaaman]] npbwet7x87qef54rohoeys3owk1tev5 114648 114647 2025-06-30T19:54:03Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Hamburg''' un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [[Berlin]]<ref name="constitution">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="constitution2">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}.</ref> ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Jacqueline Brinkwirth|author2=Sophie von Wirth|author3=Gero Berndt|date=31 May 2019|title=Ranking 2019: Die zehn größten Städte Deutschlands|trans-title=The Ten Largest German Cities|newspaper=Handelsblatt|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/ranking-2019-die-zehn-groessten-staedte-deutschlands/24407466.html|language=de}}</ref> Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamburg in Zahlen|url=https://www.hamburg.de/info/3277402/hamburg-in-zahlen/|access-date=12 July 2023|website=hamburg.de|language=de}}</ref><ref name="citypopulation_urban">{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|author=citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office|title=Germany: Urban Areas|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133151/http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. To bannge worgo duunde Jutland, Hamburg ina darii e dow maayo Elbe ɓuuɓngo e hoore maayo 110 km (68 mi) feewde maayo worgo, e dow hunduko Alster e Bille. Hamburg ina jeyaa e gure-dowlaaji tati Almaañ sara Berlin e Bremen, ina taaroo Schleswig-Holstein to bannge worgo e Sakson les to bannge worgo. Port Hamburg woni Port Hamburg ɓurɗo mawnude e Almaañ, tataɓo e Orop, caggal Rotterdam e Antwerpen. Ɗemngal nokku oo ko mbaydi Low Saxon. Innde laawɗunde ndee ina hollita daartol Hamburg nde wonnoo ko tergal e fedde Hanseatic Ligue medieval e wuro laamɗo ndimaagu e nder Laamaandi Room Ceniindi. Ko adii kawral Almaañ e hitaande 1871, ko leydi wuro laamu timmungo, ko adii 1919 ko republique civique ardinoo ɗum e doosɗe leydi ko dental Grand Burghers walla Hanseaten ronooɓe. Beset e musibbaaji ko wayi no yiite mawnde Hamburg, ilam maayo worgo e hitaande 1962 e hareeji konu ina jeyaa heen bommbooji wolde adunaare ɗimmere, wuro ngoo dañii ƴellitaade e yaltude e alɗude caggal kala musiiba. == Joogaraafi == Hamburg woni ko e laana ndiwoowa ɓuuɓka to bannge worgo fanning-out Peninsula Jutland, hakkunde duunde Orop to bannge worgo e Skandinaavi to bannge worgo, e maayo worgo to bannge hirnaange e maayo Baltik to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. Ko e maayo Elbe ɗo hawrata e Alster e Bille. Caka wuro ngo woni ko e saraaji Binnenalster ("Alster nder") e Außenalster ("Alster yaasi"), ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko e ɓuuɓnude maayo Alster ngam waɗde maayooji. Duundeeji Neuwerk, Scharhörn, e Nigehörn, 100 kiloomeeteer (60 mi) e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Hamburg, ina njeyaa kadi e wuro Hamburg.<ref>Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park Act {{Citation|title=Gesetz über den Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer|url=http://www.landesrecht.hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml?doc.id=jlr-WattMGHArahmen&st=lr&showdoccase=1&paramfromHL=true#focuspoint|date=9 April 1990|access-date=26 February 2011|language=de}}</ref> Koɗkiiji Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop e Finkenwerder ina njeyaa e diiwaan leydi Altes (leydi ɓooyndi), diiwaan ɓurɗo mawnude e Orop hakkundeejo, jokkondirɗo e peewnugol leɗɗe. Neugraben-Fischbek woni nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Hamburg, ko Hasselbrack woni 116,2 meeteer (381 ft) AMSL.[2] Hamburg ina seerti e diiwanuuji Sleswig-Holstein e Sakson les. == Wakati == Hamburg ina jogii weeyo geec (Köppen: Cfb; Trewartha: Dobk), ina jogii batte e ɓadtaade daande maayo e batte geec ummoriiɗe e dow geec Atlantik. Nokku oo to fuɗnaange Almaañ ina rokka ekstreemuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e weeyo maayo, kono sikke alaa e nder cate sabu westerlies ɓurɗo heewde.[3] Leɗɗe ɓutte ɓadiiɗe ina mbeltii e weeyo ɓuuɓngo maayo. Keewgol nees ina seerti no feewi e ɗii duuɓi capanɗe cakkitiiɗi. E darorɗe kitaale 1970 e puɗal kitaale 1980, neesuuji keewɗi ina mbaɗa sahaa e sahaa fof,[4] ndunngu e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ɗii ina famɗi, neesuuji ina mbaɗa balɗe seeɗa tan e hitaande.[5][6] Lebbi ɓurɗi wulde ko lewru suwee, sulyee e ut, nguleeki mum tolnii e 20,1 haa 22,5 °C (68,2 haa 72,5 °F). Ɓuri toowde ko lewru Duujal, lewru Yarkomaa e Feebariyee, nguleeki mum tolnii e −0,3 haa 1,0 °C (31,5 haa 33,8 °F).[7] Nguleeki ɓurtuki hitaande kala ina ummoo e −29,1 °C (−20,4 °F) ñalnde 13 feebariyee 1940, haa 40,1 °C (104,2 °F) ñalnde 20 sulyee 2022, e ñalngu cakkitiingu nguu fotnoo ko to Hamburg-Neuwiedenthal e ñalawma toowɗo nguleeki, S 39,1 °C (102,4 °F) woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Hamburg.[8] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Hamburg| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard--> [[Category:Berniiji]] [[Category:Berniiji Jaaman]] [[Category:Jaaman]] [[Category:Diiwal dow e Jaaman]] 4kw3z1d1v4z9rmeicqbrp2qu2ym2b0s 114649 114648 2025-06-30T19:54:23Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Hamburg''' un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [[Berlin]]<ref name="constitution">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="constitution2">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}.</ref> ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Jacqueline Brinkwirth|author2=Sophie von Wirth|author3=Gero Berndt|date=31 May 2019|title=Ranking 2019: Die zehn größten Städte Deutschlands|trans-title=The Ten Largest German Cities|newspaper=Handelsblatt|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/ranking-2019-die-zehn-groessten-staedte-deutschlands/24407466.html|language=de}}</ref> Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamburg in Zahlen|url=https://www.hamburg.de/info/3277402/hamburg-in-zahlen/|access-date=12 July 2023|website=hamburg.de|language=de}}</ref><ref name="citypopulation_urban">{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|author=citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office|title=Germany: Urban Areas|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133151/http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. To bannge worgo duunde Jutland, Hamburg ina darii e dow maayo Elbe ɓuuɓngo e hoore maayo 110 km (68 mi) feewde maayo worgo, e dow hunduko Alster e Bille. Hamburg ina jeyaa e gure-dowlaaji tati Almaañ sara Berlin e Bremen, ina taaroo Schleswig-Holstein to bannge worgo e Sakson les to bannge worgo. Port Hamburg woni Port Hamburg ɓurɗo mawnude e Almaañ, tataɓo e Orop, caggal Rotterdam e Antwerpen. Ɗemngal nokku oo ko mbaydi Low Saxon. Innde laawɗunde ndee ina hollita daartol Hamburg nde wonnoo ko tergal e fedde Hanseatic Ligue medieval e wuro laamɗo ndimaagu e nder Laamaandi Room Ceniindi. Ko adii kawral Almaañ e hitaande 1871, ko leydi wuro laamu timmungo, ko adii 1919 ko republique civique ardinoo ɗum e doosɗe leydi ko dental Grand Burghers walla Hanseaten ronooɓe. Beset e musibbaaji ko wayi no yiite mawnde Hamburg, ilam maayo worgo e hitaande 1962 e hareeji konu ina jeyaa heen bommbooji wolde adunaare ɗimmere, wuro ngoo dañii ƴellitaade e yaltude e alɗude caggal kala musiiba. == Joogaraafi == Hamburg woni ko e laana ndiwoowa ɓuuɓka to bannge worgo fanning-out Peninsula Jutland, hakkunde duunde Orop to bannge worgo e Skandinaavi to bannge worgo, e maayo worgo to bannge hirnaange e maayo Baltik to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. Ko e maayo Elbe ɗo hawrata e Alster e Bille. Caka wuro ngo woni ko e saraaji Binnenalster ("Alster nder") e Außenalster ("Alster yaasi"), ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko e ɓuuɓnude maayo Alster ngam waɗde maayooji. Duundeeji Neuwerk, Scharhörn, e Nigehörn, 100 kiloomeeteer (60 mi) e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Hamburg, ina njeyaa kadi e wuro Hamburg.<ref>Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park Act {{Citation|title=Gesetz über den Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer|url=http://www.landesrecht.hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml?doc.id=jlr-WattMGHArahmen&st=lr&showdoccase=1&paramfromHL=true#focuspoint|date=9 April 1990|access-date=26 February 2011|language=de}}</ref> Koɗkiiji Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop e Finkenwerder ina njeyaa e diiwaan leydi Altes (leydi ɓooyndi), diiwaan ɓurɗo mawnude e Orop hakkundeejo, jokkondirɗo e peewnugol leɗɗe. Neugraben-Fischbek woni nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Hamburg, ko Hasselbrack woni 116,2 meeteer (381 ft) AMSL.<ref>{{Citation|author=''Geologisches Landesamt Hamburg'' (Hamburg State Geological Department)|title=Statistisches Jahrbuch 2007/2008|journal=Statistisches Jahrbuch Hamburg|year=2007|publisher=Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein|location=Hamburg|issn=1614-8045|language=de}}</ref> Hamburg ina seerti e diiwanuuji Sleswig-Holstein e Sakson les. == Wakati == Hamburg ina jogii weeyo geec (Köppen: Cfb; Trewartha: Dobk), ina jogii batte e ɓadtaade daande maayo e batte geec ummoriiɗe e dow geec Atlantik. Nokku oo to fuɗnaange Almaañ ina rokka ekstreemuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e weeyo maayo, kono sikke alaa e nder cate sabu westerlies ɓurɗo heewde.[3] Leɗɗe ɓutte ɓadiiɗe ina mbeltii e weeyo ɓuuɓngo maayo. Keewgol nees ina seerti no feewi e ɗii duuɓi capanɗe cakkitiiɗi. E darorɗe kitaale 1970 e puɗal kitaale 1980, neesuuji keewɗi ina mbaɗa sahaa e sahaa fof,[4] ndunngu e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ɗii ina famɗi, neesuuji ina mbaɗa balɗe seeɗa tan e hitaande.[5][6] Lebbi ɓurɗi wulde ko lewru suwee, sulyee e ut, nguleeki mum tolnii e 20,1 haa 22,5 °C (68,2 haa 72,5 °F). Ɓuri toowde ko lewru Duujal, lewru Yarkomaa e Feebariyee, nguleeki mum tolnii e −0,3 haa 1,0 °C (31,5 haa 33,8 °F).[7] Nguleeki ɓurtuki hitaande kala ina ummoo e −29,1 °C (−20,4 °F) ñalnde 13 feebariyee 1940, haa 40,1 °C (104,2 °F) ñalnde 20 sulyee 2022, e ñalngu cakkitiingu nguu fotnoo ko to Hamburg-Neuwiedenthal e ñalawma toowɗo nguleeki, S 39,1 °C (102,4 °F) woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Hamburg.[8] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Hamburg| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard--> [[Category:Berniiji]] [[Category:Berniiji Jaaman]] [[Category:Jaaman]] [[Category:Diiwal dow e Jaaman]] c8q78v6vo2hz4u0azrf023mebiyfji1 114650 114649 2025-06-30T19:54:49Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Hamburg''' un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [[Berlin]]<ref name="constitution">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="constitution2">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}.</ref> ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Jacqueline Brinkwirth|author2=Sophie von Wirth|author3=Gero Berndt|date=31 May 2019|title=Ranking 2019: Die zehn größten Städte Deutschlands|trans-title=The Ten Largest German Cities|newspaper=Handelsblatt|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/ranking-2019-die-zehn-groessten-staedte-deutschlands/24407466.html|language=de}}</ref> Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamburg in Zahlen|url=https://www.hamburg.de/info/3277402/hamburg-in-zahlen/|access-date=12 July 2023|website=hamburg.de|language=de}}</ref><ref name="citypopulation_urban">{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|author=citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office|title=Germany: Urban Areas|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133151/http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. To bannge worgo duunde Jutland, Hamburg ina darii e dow maayo Elbe ɓuuɓngo e hoore maayo 110 km (68 mi) feewde maayo worgo, e dow hunduko Alster e Bille. Hamburg ina jeyaa e gure-dowlaaji tati Almaañ sara Berlin e Bremen, ina taaroo Schleswig-Holstein to bannge worgo e Sakson les to bannge worgo. Port Hamburg woni Port Hamburg ɓurɗo mawnude e Almaañ, tataɓo e Orop, caggal Rotterdam e Antwerpen. Ɗemngal nokku oo ko mbaydi Low Saxon. Innde laawɗunde ndee ina hollita daartol Hamburg nde wonnoo ko tergal e fedde Hanseatic Ligue medieval e wuro laamɗo ndimaagu e nder Laamaandi Room Ceniindi. Ko adii kawral Almaañ e hitaande 1871, ko leydi wuro laamu timmungo, ko adii 1919 ko republique civique ardinoo ɗum e doosɗe leydi ko dental Grand Burghers walla Hanseaten ronooɓe. Beset e musibbaaji ko wayi no yiite mawnde Hamburg, ilam maayo worgo e hitaande 1962 e hareeji konu ina jeyaa heen bommbooji wolde adunaare ɗimmere, wuro ngoo dañii ƴellitaade e yaltude e alɗude caggal kala musiiba. == Joogaraafi == Hamburg woni ko e laana ndiwoowa ɓuuɓka to bannge worgo fanning-out Peninsula Jutland, hakkunde duunde Orop to bannge worgo e Skandinaavi to bannge worgo, e maayo worgo to bannge hirnaange e maayo Baltik to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. Ko e maayo Elbe ɗo hawrata e Alster e Bille. Caka wuro ngo woni ko e saraaji Binnenalster ("Alster nder") e Außenalster ("Alster yaasi"), ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko e ɓuuɓnude maayo Alster ngam waɗde maayooji. Duundeeji Neuwerk, Scharhörn, e Nigehörn, 100 kiloomeeteer (60 mi) e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Hamburg, ina njeyaa kadi e wuro Hamburg.<ref>Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park Act {{Citation|title=Gesetz über den Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer|url=http://www.landesrecht.hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml?doc.id=jlr-WattMGHArahmen&st=lr&showdoccase=1&paramfromHL=true#focuspoint|date=9 April 1990|access-date=26 February 2011|language=de}}</ref> Koɗkiiji Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop e Finkenwerder ina njeyaa e diiwaan leydi Altes (leydi ɓooyndi), diiwaan ɓurɗo mawnude e Orop hakkundeejo, jokkondirɗo e peewnugol leɗɗe. Neugraben-Fischbek woni nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Hamburg, ko Hasselbrack woni 116,2 meeteer (381 ft) AMSL.<ref>{{Citation|author=''Geologisches Landesamt Hamburg'' (Hamburg State Geological Department)|title=Statistisches Jahrbuch 2007/2008|journal=Statistisches Jahrbuch Hamburg|year=2007|publisher=Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein|location=Hamburg|issn=1614-8045|language=de}}</ref> Hamburg ina seerti e diiwanuuji Sleswig-Holstein e Sakson les. == Wakati == Hamburg ina jogii weeyo geec (Köppen: Cfb; Trewartha: Dobk), ina jogii batte e ɓadtaade daande maayo e batte geec ummoriiɗe e dow geec Atlantik. Nokku oo to fuɗnaange Almaañ ina rokka ekstreemuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e weeyo maayo, kono sikke alaa e nder cate sabu westerlies ɓurɗo heewde.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|title=Hamburg, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725055124/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|url-status=dead}}</ref> Leɗɗe ɓutte ɓadiiɗe ina mbeltii e weeyo ɓuuɓngo maayo. Keewgol nees ina seerti no feewi e ɗii duuɓi capanɗe cakkitiiɗi. E darorɗe kitaale 1970 e puɗal kitaale 1980, neesuuji keewɗi ina mbaɗa sahaa e sahaa fof,[4] ndunngu e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ɗii ina famɗi, neesuuji ina mbaɗa balɗe seeɗa tan e hitaande.[5][6] Lebbi ɓurɗi wulde ko lewru suwee, sulyee e ut, nguleeki mum tolnii e 20,1 haa 22,5 °C (68,2 haa 72,5 °F). Ɓuri toowde ko lewru Duujal, lewru Yarkomaa e Feebariyee, nguleeki mum tolnii e −0,3 haa 1,0 °C (31,5 haa 33,8 °F).[7] Nguleeki ɓurtuki hitaande kala ina ummoo e −29,1 °C (−20,4 °F) ñalnde 13 feebariyee 1940, haa 40,1 °C (104,2 °F) ñalnde 20 sulyee 2022, e ñalngu cakkitiingu nguu fotnoo ko to Hamburg-Neuwiedenthal e ñalawma toowɗo nguleeki, S 39,1 °C (102,4 °F) woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Hamburg.[8] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Hamburg| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard--> [[Category:Berniiji]] [[Category:Berniiji Jaaman]] [[Category:Jaaman]] [[Category:Diiwal dow e Jaaman]] 8t3kjfznm6rnr1x29ezlw69gbux8y5f 114651 114650 2025-06-30T19:55:11Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Hamburg''' un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [[Berlin]]<ref name="constitution">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="constitution2">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}.</ref> ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Jacqueline Brinkwirth|author2=Sophie von Wirth|author3=Gero Berndt|date=31 May 2019|title=Ranking 2019: Die zehn größten Städte Deutschlands|trans-title=The Ten Largest German Cities|newspaper=Handelsblatt|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/ranking-2019-die-zehn-groessten-staedte-deutschlands/24407466.html|language=de}}</ref> Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamburg in Zahlen|url=https://www.hamburg.de/info/3277402/hamburg-in-zahlen/|access-date=12 July 2023|website=hamburg.de|language=de}}</ref><ref name="citypopulation_urban">{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|author=citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office|title=Germany: Urban Areas|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133151/http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. To bannge worgo duunde Jutland, Hamburg ina darii e dow maayo Elbe ɓuuɓngo e hoore maayo 110 km (68 mi) feewde maayo worgo, e dow hunduko Alster e Bille. Hamburg ina jeyaa e gure-dowlaaji tati Almaañ sara Berlin e Bremen, ina taaroo Schleswig-Holstein to bannge worgo e Sakson les to bannge worgo. Port Hamburg woni Port Hamburg ɓurɗo mawnude e Almaañ, tataɓo e Orop, caggal Rotterdam e Antwerpen. Ɗemngal nokku oo ko mbaydi Low Saxon. Innde laawɗunde ndee ina hollita daartol Hamburg nde wonnoo ko tergal e fedde Hanseatic Ligue medieval e wuro laamɗo ndimaagu e nder Laamaandi Room Ceniindi. Ko adii kawral Almaañ e hitaande 1871, ko leydi wuro laamu timmungo, ko adii 1919 ko republique civique ardinoo ɗum e doosɗe leydi ko dental Grand Burghers walla Hanseaten ronooɓe. Beset e musibbaaji ko wayi no yiite mawnde Hamburg, ilam maayo worgo e hitaande 1962 e hareeji konu ina jeyaa heen bommbooji wolde adunaare ɗimmere, wuro ngoo dañii ƴellitaade e yaltude e alɗude caggal kala musiiba. == Joogaraafi == Hamburg woni ko e laana ndiwoowa ɓuuɓka to bannge worgo fanning-out Peninsula Jutland, hakkunde duunde Orop to bannge worgo e Skandinaavi to bannge worgo, e maayo worgo to bannge hirnaange e maayo Baltik to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. Ko e maayo Elbe ɗo hawrata e Alster e Bille. Caka wuro ngo woni ko e saraaji Binnenalster ("Alster nder") e Außenalster ("Alster yaasi"), ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko e ɓuuɓnude maayo Alster ngam waɗde maayooji. Duundeeji Neuwerk, Scharhörn, e Nigehörn, 100 kiloomeeteer (60 mi) e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Hamburg, ina njeyaa kadi e wuro Hamburg.<ref>Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park Act {{Citation|title=Gesetz über den Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer|url=http://www.landesrecht.hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml?doc.id=jlr-WattMGHArahmen&st=lr&showdoccase=1&paramfromHL=true#focuspoint|date=9 April 1990|access-date=26 February 2011|language=de}}</ref> Koɗkiiji Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop e Finkenwerder ina njeyaa e diiwaan leydi Altes (leydi ɓooyndi), diiwaan ɓurɗo mawnude e Orop hakkundeejo, jokkondirɗo e peewnugol leɗɗe. Neugraben-Fischbek woni nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Hamburg, ko Hasselbrack woni 116,2 meeteer (381 ft) AMSL.<ref>{{Citation|author=''Geologisches Landesamt Hamburg'' (Hamburg State Geological Department)|title=Statistisches Jahrbuch 2007/2008|journal=Statistisches Jahrbuch Hamburg|year=2007|publisher=Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein|location=Hamburg|issn=1614-8045|language=de}}</ref> Hamburg ina seerti e diiwanuuji Sleswig-Holstein e Sakson les. == Wakati == Hamburg ina jogii weeyo geec (Köppen: Cfb; Trewartha: Dobk), ina jogii batte e ɓadtaade daande maayo e batte geec ummoriiɗe e dow geec Atlantik. Nokku oo to fuɗnaange Almaañ ina rokka ekstreemuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e weeyo maayo, kono sikke alaa e nder cate sabu westerlies ɓurɗo heewde.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|title=Hamburg, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725055124/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|url-status=dead}}</ref> Leɗɗe ɓutte ɓadiiɗe ina mbeltii e weeyo ɓuuɓngo maayo. Keewgol nees ina seerti no feewi e ɗii duuɓi capanɗe cakkitiiɗi. E darorɗe kitaale 1970 e puɗal kitaale 1980, neesuuji keewɗi ina mbaɗa sahaa e sahaa fof,<ref>[http://www.ndr.de/kultur/geschichte/chronologie/197879-Schneekatastrophe-legt-Norden-lahm,schneechaosindex100.html Report] on the snowfall disaster of 1978/1979 in northern Germany, retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref> ndunngu e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ɗii ina famɗi, neesuuji ina mbaɗa balɗe seeɗa tan e hitaande.[5][6] Lebbi ɓurɗi wulde ko lewru suwee, sulyee e ut, nguleeki mum tolnii e 20,1 haa 22,5 °C (68,2 haa 72,5 °F). Ɓuri toowde ko lewru Duujal, lewru Yarkomaa e Feebariyee, nguleeki mum tolnii e −0,3 haa 1,0 °C (31,5 haa 33,8 °F).[7] Nguleeki ɓurtuki hitaande kala ina ummoo e −29,1 °C (−20,4 °F) ñalnde 13 feebariyee 1940, haa 40,1 °C (104,2 °F) ñalnde 20 sulyee 2022, e ñalngu cakkitiingu nguu fotnoo ko to Hamburg-Neuwiedenthal e ñalawma toowɗo nguleeki, S 39,1 °C (102,4 °F) woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Hamburg.[8] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Hamburg| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard--> [[Category:Berniiji]] [[Category:Berniiji Jaaman]] [[Category:Jaaman]] [[Category:Diiwal dow e Jaaman]] 20w8guh4wvsx3m2g457jqy54woc6stb 114652 114651 2025-06-30T19:55:33Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Hamburg''' un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [[Berlin]]<ref name="constitution">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="constitution2">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}.</ref> ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Jacqueline Brinkwirth|author2=Sophie von Wirth|author3=Gero Berndt|date=31 May 2019|title=Ranking 2019: Die zehn größten Städte Deutschlands|trans-title=The Ten Largest German Cities|newspaper=Handelsblatt|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/ranking-2019-die-zehn-groessten-staedte-deutschlands/24407466.html|language=de}}</ref> Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamburg in Zahlen|url=https://www.hamburg.de/info/3277402/hamburg-in-zahlen/|access-date=12 July 2023|website=hamburg.de|language=de}}</ref><ref name="citypopulation_urban">{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|author=citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office|title=Germany: Urban Areas|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133151/http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. To bannge worgo duunde Jutland, Hamburg ina darii e dow maayo Elbe ɓuuɓngo e hoore maayo 110 km (68 mi) feewde maayo worgo, e dow hunduko Alster e Bille. Hamburg ina jeyaa e gure-dowlaaji tati Almaañ sara Berlin e Bremen, ina taaroo Schleswig-Holstein to bannge worgo e Sakson les to bannge worgo. Port Hamburg woni Port Hamburg ɓurɗo mawnude e Almaañ, tataɓo e Orop, caggal Rotterdam e Antwerpen. Ɗemngal nokku oo ko mbaydi Low Saxon. Innde laawɗunde ndee ina hollita daartol Hamburg nde wonnoo ko tergal e fedde Hanseatic Ligue medieval e wuro laamɗo ndimaagu e nder Laamaandi Room Ceniindi. Ko adii kawral Almaañ e hitaande 1871, ko leydi wuro laamu timmungo, ko adii 1919 ko republique civique ardinoo ɗum e doosɗe leydi ko dental Grand Burghers walla Hanseaten ronooɓe. Beset e musibbaaji ko wayi no yiite mawnde Hamburg, ilam maayo worgo e hitaande 1962 e hareeji konu ina jeyaa heen bommbooji wolde adunaare ɗimmere, wuro ngoo dañii ƴellitaade e yaltude e alɗude caggal kala musiiba. == Joogaraafi == Hamburg woni ko e laana ndiwoowa ɓuuɓka to bannge worgo fanning-out Peninsula Jutland, hakkunde duunde Orop to bannge worgo e Skandinaavi to bannge worgo, e maayo worgo to bannge hirnaange e maayo Baltik to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. Ko e maayo Elbe ɗo hawrata e Alster e Bille. Caka wuro ngo woni ko e saraaji Binnenalster ("Alster nder") e Außenalster ("Alster yaasi"), ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko e ɓuuɓnude maayo Alster ngam waɗde maayooji. Duundeeji Neuwerk, Scharhörn, e Nigehörn, 100 kiloomeeteer (60 mi) e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Hamburg, ina njeyaa kadi e wuro Hamburg.<ref>Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park Act {{Citation|title=Gesetz über den Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer|url=http://www.landesrecht.hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml?doc.id=jlr-WattMGHArahmen&st=lr&showdoccase=1&paramfromHL=true#focuspoint|date=9 April 1990|access-date=26 February 2011|language=de}}</ref> Koɗkiiji Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop e Finkenwerder ina njeyaa e diiwaan leydi Altes (leydi ɓooyndi), diiwaan ɓurɗo mawnude e Orop hakkundeejo, jokkondirɗo e peewnugol leɗɗe. Neugraben-Fischbek woni nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Hamburg, ko Hasselbrack woni 116,2 meeteer (381 ft) AMSL.<ref>{{Citation|author=''Geologisches Landesamt Hamburg'' (Hamburg State Geological Department)|title=Statistisches Jahrbuch 2007/2008|journal=Statistisches Jahrbuch Hamburg|year=2007|publisher=Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein|location=Hamburg|issn=1614-8045|language=de}}</ref> Hamburg ina seerti e diiwanuuji Sleswig-Holstein e Sakson les. == Wakati == Hamburg ina jogii weeyo geec (Köppen: Cfb; Trewartha: Dobk), ina jogii batte e ɓadtaade daande maayo e batte geec ummoriiɗe e dow geec Atlantik. Nokku oo to fuɗnaange Almaañ ina rokka ekstreemuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e weeyo maayo, kono sikke alaa e nder cate sabu westerlies ɓurɗo heewde.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|title=Hamburg, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725055124/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|url-status=dead}}</ref> Leɗɗe ɓutte ɓadiiɗe ina mbeltii e weeyo ɓuuɓngo maayo. Keewgol nees ina seerti no feewi e ɗii duuɓi capanɗe cakkitiiɗi. E darorɗe kitaale 1970 e puɗal kitaale 1980, neesuuji keewɗi ina mbaɗa sahaa e sahaa fof,<ref>[http://www.ndr.de/kultur/geschichte/chronologie/197879-Schneekatastrophe-legt-Norden-lahm,schneechaosindex100.html Report] on the snowfall disaster of 1978/1979 in northern Germany, retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref> ndunngu e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ɗii ina famɗi, neesuuji ina mbaɗa balɗe seeɗa tan e hitaande.<ref>[http://scienceblogs.de/primaklima/2010/12/07/kalte-winter-in-europa/ Article] on the winters in Germany, retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref> Lebbi ɓurɗi wulde ko lewru suwee, sulyee e ut, nguleeki mum tolnii e 20,1 haa 22,5 °C (68,2 haa 72,5 °F). Ɓuri toowde ko lewru Duujal, lewru Yarkomaa e Feebariyee, nguleeki mum tolnii e −0,3 haa 1,0 °C (31,5 haa 33,8 °F).[7] Nguleeki ɓurtuki hitaande kala ina ummoo e −29,1 °C (−20,4 °F) ñalnde 13 feebariyee 1940, haa 40,1 °C (104,2 °F) ñalnde 20 sulyee 2022, e ñalngu cakkitiingu nguu fotnoo ko to Hamburg-Neuwiedenthal e ñalawma toowɗo nguleeki, S 39,1 °C (102,4 °F) woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Hamburg.[8] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Hamburg| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard--> [[Category:Berniiji]] [[Category:Berniiji Jaaman]] [[Category:Jaaman]] [[Category:Diiwal dow e Jaaman]] tiquf9rzwkiil0rga5vis6dpw3mama7 114653 114652 2025-06-30T19:55:50Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Hamburg''' un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [[Berlin]]<ref name="constitution">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="constitution2">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}.</ref> ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Jacqueline Brinkwirth|author2=Sophie von Wirth|author3=Gero Berndt|date=31 May 2019|title=Ranking 2019: Die zehn größten Städte Deutschlands|trans-title=The Ten Largest German Cities|newspaper=Handelsblatt|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/ranking-2019-die-zehn-groessten-staedte-deutschlands/24407466.html|language=de}}</ref> Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamburg in Zahlen|url=https://www.hamburg.de/info/3277402/hamburg-in-zahlen/|access-date=12 July 2023|website=hamburg.de|language=de}}</ref><ref name="citypopulation_urban">{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|author=citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office|title=Germany: Urban Areas|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133151/http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. To bannge worgo duunde Jutland, Hamburg ina darii e dow maayo Elbe ɓuuɓngo e hoore maayo 110 km (68 mi) feewde maayo worgo, e dow hunduko Alster e Bille. Hamburg ina jeyaa e gure-dowlaaji tati Almaañ sara Berlin e Bremen, ina taaroo Schleswig-Holstein to bannge worgo e Sakson les to bannge worgo. Port Hamburg woni Port Hamburg ɓurɗo mawnude e Almaañ, tataɓo e Orop, caggal Rotterdam e Antwerpen. Ɗemngal nokku oo ko mbaydi Low Saxon. Innde laawɗunde ndee ina hollita daartol Hamburg nde wonnoo ko tergal e fedde Hanseatic Ligue medieval e wuro laamɗo ndimaagu e nder Laamaandi Room Ceniindi. Ko adii kawral Almaañ e hitaande 1871, ko leydi wuro laamu timmungo, ko adii 1919 ko republique civique ardinoo ɗum e doosɗe leydi ko dental Grand Burghers walla Hanseaten ronooɓe. Beset e musibbaaji ko wayi no yiite mawnde Hamburg, ilam maayo worgo e hitaande 1962 e hareeji konu ina jeyaa heen bommbooji wolde adunaare ɗimmere, wuro ngoo dañii ƴellitaade e yaltude e alɗude caggal kala musiiba. == Joogaraafi == Hamburg woni ko e laana ndiwoowa ɓuuɓka to bannge worgo fanning-out Peninsula Jutland, hakkunde duunde Orop to bannge worgo e Skandinaavi to bannge worgo, e maayo worgo to bannge hirnaange e maayo Baltik to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. Ko e maayo Elbe ɗo hawrata e Alster e Bille. Caka wuro ngo woni ko e saraaji Binnenalster ("Alster nder") e Außenalster ("Alster yaasi"), ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko e ɓuuɓnude maayo Alster ngam waɗde maayooji. Duundeeji Neuwerk, Scharhörn, e Nigehörn, 100 kiloomeeteer (60 mi) e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Hamburg, ina njeyaa kadi e wuro Hamburg.<ref>Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park Act {{Citation|title=Gesetz über den Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer|url=http://www.landesrecht.hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml?doc.id=jlr-WattMGHArahmen&st=lr&showdoccase=1&paramfromHL=true#focuspoint|date=9 April 1990|access-date=26 February 2011|language=de}}</ref> Koɗkiiji Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop e Finkenwerder ina njeyaa e diiwaan leydi Altes (leydi ɓooyndi), diiwaan ɓurɗo mawnude e Orop hakkundeejo, jokkondirɗo e peewnugol leɗɗe. Neugraben-Fischbek woni nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Hamburg, ko Hasselbrack woni 116,2 meeteer (381 ft) AMSL.<ref>{{Citation|author=''Geologisches Landesamt Hamburg'' (Hamburg State Geological Department)|title=Statistisches Jahrbuch 2007/2008|journal=Statistisches Jahrbuch Hamburg|year=2007|publisher=Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein|location=Hamburg|issn=1614-8045|language=de}}</ref> Hamburg ina seerti e diiwanuuji Sleswig-Holstein e Sakson les. == Wakati == Hamburg ina jogii weeyo geec (Köppen: Cfb; Trewartha: Dobk), ina jogii batte e ɓadtaade daande maayo e batte geec ummoriiɗe e dow geec Atlantik. Nokku oo to fuɗnaange Almaañ ina rokka ekstreemuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e weeyo maayo, kono sikke alaa e nder cate sabu westerlies ɓurɗo heewde.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|title=Hamburg, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725055124/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|url-status=dead}}</ref> Leɗɗe ɓutte ɓadiiɗe ina mbeltii e weeyo ɓuuɓngo maayo. Keewgol nees ina seerti no feewi e ɗii duuɓi capanɗe cakkitiiɗi. E darorɗe kitaale 1970 e puɗal kitaale 1980, neesuuji keewɗi ina mbaɗa sahaa e sahaa fof,<ref>[http://www.ndr.de/kultur/geschichte/chronologie/197879-Schneekatastrophe-legt-Norden-lahm,schneechaosindex100.html Report] on the snowfall disaster of 1978/1979 in northern Germany, retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref> ndunngu e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ɗii ina famɗi, neesuuji ina mbaɗa balɗe seeɗa tan e hitaande.<ref>[http://scienceblogs.de/primaklima/2010/12/07/kalte-winter-in-europa/ Article] on the winters in Germany, retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.winterchronik.de/winter-chronik.jsf;jsessionid=20F25C886A43B1A698DA6B01BB5FCA95 Comparison] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007000947/http://www.winterchronik.de/winter-chronik.jsf%3Bjsessionid%3D20F25C886A43B1A698DA6B01BB5FCA95|date=7 October 2016}} of the weather and snowfall in German winters (from 1950 on), retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref> Lebbi ɓurɗi wulde ko lewru suwee, sulyee e ut, nguleeki mum tolnii e 20,1 haa 22,5 °C (68,2 haa 72,5 °F). Ɓuri toowde ko lewru Duujal, lewru Yarkomaa e Feebariyee, nguleeki mum tolnii e −0,3 haa 1,0 °C (31,5 haa 33,8 °F).[7] Nguleeki ɓurtuki hitaande kala ina ummoo e −29,1 °C (−20,4 °F) ñalnde 13 feebariyee 1940, haa 40,1 °C (104,2 °F) ñalnde 20 sulyee 2022, e ñalngu cakkitiingu nguu fotnoo ko to Hamburg-Neuwiedenthal e ñalawma toowɗo nguleeki, S 39,1 °C (102,4 °F) woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Hamburg.[8] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Hamburg| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard--> [[Category:Berniiji]] [[Category:Berniiji Jaaman]] [[Category:Jaaman]] [[Category:Diiwal dow e Jaaman]] 1geqt6xlaa9eggm42kguehnn9rgj09t 114654 114653 2025-06-30T19:56:09Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Hamburg''' un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [[Berlin]]<ref name="constitution">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="constitution2">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}.</ref> ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Jacqueline Brinkwirth|author2=Sophie von Wirth|author3=Gero Berndt|date=31 May 2019|title=Ranking 2019: Die zehn größten Städte Deutschlands|trans-title=The Ten Largest German Cities|newspaper=Handelsblatt|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/ranking-2019-die-zehn-groessten-staedte-deutschlands/24407466.html|language=de}}</ref> Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamburg in Zahlen|url=https://www.hamburg.de/info/3277402/hamburg-in-zahlen/|access-date=12 July 2023|website=hamburg.de|language=de}}</ref><ref name="citypopulation_urban">{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|author=citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office|title=Germany: Urban Areas|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133151/http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. To bannge worgo duunde Jutland, Hamburg ina darii e dow maayo Elbe ɓuuɓngo e hoore maayo 110 km (68 mi) feewde maayo worgo, e dow hunduko Alster e Bille. Hamburg ina jeyaa e gure-dowlaaji tati Almaañ sara Berlin e Bremen, ina taaroo Schleswig-Holstein to bannge worgo e Sakson les to bannge worgo. Port Hamburg woni Port Hamburg ɓurɗo mawnude e Almaañ, tataɓo e Orop, caggal Rotterdam e Antwerpen. Ɗemngal nokku oo ko mbaydi Low Saxon. Innde laawɗunde ndee ina hollita daartol Hamburg nde wonnoo ko tergal e fedde Hanseatic Ligue medieval e wuro laamɗo ndimaagu e nder Laamaandi Room Ceniindi. Ko adii kawral Almaañ e hitaande 1871, ko leydi wuro laamu timmungo, ko adii 1919 ko republique civique ardinoo ɗum e doosɗe leydi ko dental Grand Burghers walla Hanseaten ronooɓe. Beset e musibbaaji ko wayi no yiite mawnde Hamburg, ilam maayo worgo e hitaande 1962 e hareeji konu ina jeyaa heen bommbooji wolde adunaare ɗimmere, wuro ngoo dañii ƴellitaade e yaltude e alɗude caggal kala musiiba. == Joogaraafi == Hamburg woni ko e laana ndiwoowa ɓuuɓka to bannge worgo fanning-out Peninsula Jutland, hakkunde duunde Orop to bannge worgo e Skandinaavi to bannge worgo, e maayo worgo to bannge hirnaange e maayo Baltik to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. Ko e maayo Elbe ɗo hawrata e Alster e Bille. Caka wuro ngo woni ko e saraaji Binnenalster ("Alster nder") e Außenalster ("Alster yaasi"), ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko e ɓuuɓnude maayo Alster ngam waɗde maayooji. Duundeeji Neuwerk, Scharhörn, e Nigehörn, 100 kiloomeeteer (60 mi) e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Hamburg, ina njeyaa kadi e wuro Hamburg.<ref>Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park Act {{Citation|title=Gesetz über den Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer|url=http://www.landesrecht.hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml?doc.id=jlr-WattMGHArahmen&st=lr&showdoccase=1&paramfromHL=true#focuspoint|date=9 April 1990|access-date=26 February 2011|language=de}}</ref> Koɗkiiji Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop e Finkenwerder ina njeyaa e diiwaan leydi Altes (leydi ɓooyndi), diiwaan ɓurɗo mawnude e Orop hakkundeejo, jokkondirɗo e peewnugol leɗɗe. Neugraben-Fischbek woni nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Hamburg, ko Hasselbrack woni 116,2 meeteer (381 ft) AMSL.<ref>{{Citation|author=''Geologisches Landesamt Hamburg'' (Hamburg State Geological Department)|title=Statistisches Jahrbuch 2007/2008|journal=Statistisches Jahrbuch Hamburg|year=2007|publisher=Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein|location=Hamburg|issn=1614-8045|language=de}}</ref> Hamburg ina seerti e diiwanuuji Sleswig-Holstein e Sakson les. == Wakati == Hamburg ina jogii weeyo geec (Köppen: Cfb; Trewartha: Dobk), ina jogii batte e ɓadtaade daande maayo e batte geec ummoriiɗe e dow geec Atlantik. Nokku oo to fuɗnaange Almaañ ina rokka ekstreemuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e weeyo maayo, kono sikke alaa e nder cate sabu westerlies ɓurɗo heewde.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|title=Hamburg, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725055124/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|url-status=dead}}</ref> Leɗɗe ɓutte ɓadiiɗe ina mbeltii e weeyo ɓuuɓngo maayo. Keewgol nees ina seerti no feewi e ɗii duuɓi capanɗe cakkitiiɗi. E darorɗe kitaale 1970 e puɗal kitaale 1980, neesuuji keewɗi ina mbaɗa sahaa e sahaa fof,<ref>[http://www.ndr.de/kultur/geschichte/chronologie/197879-Schneekatastrophe-legt-Norden-lahm,schneechaosindex100.html Report] on the snowfall disaster of 1978/1979 in northern Germany, retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref> ndunngu e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ɗii ina famɗi, neesuuji ina mbaɗa balɗe seeɗa tan e hitaande.<ref>[http://scienceblogs.de/primaklima/2010/12/07/kalte-winter-in-europa/ Article] on the winters in Germany, retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.winterchronik.de/winter-chronik.jsf;jsessionid=20F25C886A43B1A698DA6B01BB5FCA95 Comparison] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007000947/http://www.winterchronik.de/winter-chronik.jsf%3Bjsessionid%3D20F25C886A43B1A698DA6B01BB5FCA95|date=7 October 2016}} of the weather and snowfall in German winters (from 1950 on), retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref> Lebbi ɓurɗi wulde ko lewru suwee, sulyee e ut, nguleeki mum tolnii e 20,1 haa 22,5 °C (68,2 haa 72,5 °F). Ɓuri toowde ko lewru Duujal, lewru Yarkomaa e Feebariyee, nguleeki mum tolnii e −0,3 haa 1,0 °C (31,5 haa 33,8 °F).<ref name="Deutscher Wetterdienst">{{cite web|url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/016/c00055.htm|title=World Weather Information Service – Hamburg|access-date=6 April 2012|publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230802/http://worldweather.wmo.int/016/c00055.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nguleeki ɓurtuki hitaande kala ina ummoo e −29,1 °C (−20,4 °F) ñalnde 13 feebariyee 1940, haa 40,1 °C (104,2 °F) ñalnde 20 sulyee 2022, e ñalngu cakkitiingu nguu fotnoo ko to Hamburg-Neuwiedenthal e ñalawma toowɗo nguleeki, S 39,1 °C (102,4 °F) woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Hamburg.[8] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Hamburg| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard--> [[Category:Berniiji]] [[Category:Berniiji Jaaman]] [[Category:Jaaman]] [[Category:Diiwal dow e Jaaman]] f51qmo15fdo130juji27p36hfti85t2 114655 114654 2025-06-30T19:56:35Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Hamburg''' un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [[Berlin]]<ref name="constitution">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="constitution2">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}.</ref> ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Jacqueline Brinkwirth|author2=Sophie von Wirth|author3=Gero Berndt|date=31 May 2019|title=Ranking 2019: Die zehn größten Städte Deutschlands|trans-title=The Ten Largest German Cities|newspaper=Handelsblatt|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/ranking-2019-die-zehn-groessten-staedte-deutschlands/24407466.html|language=de}}</ref> Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamburg in Zahlen|url=https://www.hamburg.de/info/3277402/hamburg-in-zahlen/|access-date=12 July 2023|website=hamburg.de|language=de}}</ref><ref name="citypopulation_urban">{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|author=citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office|title=Germany: Urban Areas|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133151/http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. To bannge worgo duunde Jutland, Hamburg ina darii e dow maayo Elbe ɓuuɓngo e hoore maayo 110 km (68 mi) feewde maayo worgo, e dow hunduko Alster e Bille. Hamburg ina jeyaa e gure-dowlaaji tati Almaañ sara Berlin e Bremen, ina taaroo Schleswig-Holstein to bannge worgo e Sakson les to bannge worgo. Port Hamburg woni Port Hamburg ɓurɗo mawnude e Almaañ, tataɓo e Orop, caggal Rotterdam e Antwerpen. Ɗemngal nokku oo ko mbaydi Low Saxon. Innde laawɗunde ndee ina hollita daartol Hamburg nde wonnoo ko tergal e fedde Hanseatic Ligue medieval e wuro laamɗo ndimaagu e nder Laamaandi Room Ceniindi. Ko adii kawral Almaañ e hitaande 1871, ko leydi wuro laamu timmungo, ko adii 1919 ko republique civique ardinoo ɗum e doosɗe leydi ko dental Grand Burghers walla Hanseaten ronooɓe. Beset e musibbaaji ko wayi no yiite mawnde Hamburg, ilam maayo worgo e hitaande 1962 e hareeji konu ina jeyaa heen bommbooji wolde adunaare ɗimmere, wuro ngoo dañii ƴellitaade e yaltude e alɗude caggal kala musiiba. == Joogaraafi == Hamburg woni ko e laana ndiwoowa ɓuuɓka to bannge worgo fanning-out Peninsula Jutland, hakkunde duunde Orop to bannge worgo e Skandinaavi to bannge worgo, e maayo worgo to bannge hirnaange e maayo Baltik to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. Ko e maayo Elbe ɗo hawrata e Alster e Bille. Caka wuro ngo woni ko e saraaji Binnenalster ("Alster nder") e Außenalster ("Alster yaasi"), ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko e ɓuuɓnude maayo Alster ngam waɗde maayooji. Duundeeji Neuwerk, Scharhörn, e Nigehörn, 100 kiloomeeteer (60 mi) e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Hamburg, ina njeyaa kadi e wuro Hamburg.<ref>Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park Act {{Citation|title=Gesetz über den Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer|url=http://www.landesrecht.hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml?doc.id=jlr-WattMGHArahmen&st=lr&showdoccase=1&paramfromHL=true#focuspoint|date=9 April 1990|access-date=26 February 2011|language=de}}</ref> Koɗkiiji Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop e Finkenwerder ina njeyaa e diiwaan leydi Altes (leydi ɓooyndi), diiwaan ɓurɗo mawnude e Orop hakkundeejo, jokkondirɗo e peewnugol leɗɗe. Neugraben-Fischbek woni nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Hamburg, ko Hasselbrack woni 116,2 meeteer (381 ft) AMSL.<ref>{{Citation|author=''Geologisches Landesamt Hamburg'' (Hamburg State Geological Department)|title=Statistisches Jahrbuch 2007/2008|journal=Statistisches Jahrbuch Hamburg|year=2007|publisher=Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein|location=Hamburg|issn=1614-8045|language=de}}</ref> Hamburg ina seerti e diiwanuuji Sleswig-Holstein e Sakson les. == Wakati == Hamburg ina jogii weeyo geec (Köppen: Cfb; Trewartha: Dobk), ina jogii batte e ɓadtaade daande maayo e batte geec ummoriiɗe e dow geec Atlantik. Nokku oo to fuɗnaange Almaañ ina rokka ekstreemuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e weeyo maayo, kono sikke alaa e nder cate sabu westerlies ɓurɗo heewde.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|title=Hamburg, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725055124/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|url-status=dead}}</ref> Leɗɗe ɓutte ɓadiiɗe ina mbeltii e weeyo ɓuuɓngo maayo. Keewgol nees ina seerti no feewi e ɗii duuɓi capanɗe cakkitiiɗi. E darorɗe kitaale 1970 e puɗal kitaale 1980, neesuuji keewɗi ina mbaɗa sahaa e sahaa fof,<ref>[http://www.ndr.de/kultur/geschichte/chronologie/197879-Schneekatastrophe-legt-Norden-lahm,schneechaosindex100.html Report] on the snowfall disaster of 1978/1979 in northern Germany, retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref> ndunngu e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ɗii ina famɗi, neesuuji ina mbaɗa balɗe seeɗa tan e hitaande.<ref>[http://scienceblogs.de/primaklima/2010/12/07/kalte-winter-in-europa/ Article] on the winters in Germany, retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.winterchronik.de/winter-chronik.jsf;jsessionid=20F25C886A43B1A698DA6B01BB5FCA95 Comparison] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007000947/http://www.winterchronik.de/winter-chronik.jsf%3Bjsessionid%3D20F25C886A43B1A698DA6B01BB5FCA95|date=7 October 2016}} of the weather and snowfall in German winters (from 1950 on), retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref> Lebbi ɓurɗi wulde ko lewru suwee, sulyee e ut, nguleeki mum tolnii e 20,1 haa 22,5 °C (68,2 haa 72,5 °F). Ɓuri toowde ko lewru Duujal, lewru Yarkomaa e Feebariyee, nguleeki mum tolnii e −0,3 haa 1,0 °C (31,5 haa 33,8 °F).<ref name="Deutscher Wetterdienst">{{cite web|url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/016/c00055.htm|title=World Weather Information Service – Hamburg|access-date=6 April 2012|publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230802/http://worldweather.wmo.int/016/c00055.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nguleeki ɓurtuki hitaande kala ina ummoo e −29,1 °C (−20,4 °F) ñalnde 13 feebariyee 1940, haa 40,1 °C (104,2 °F) ñalnde 20 sulyee 2022, e ñalngu cakkitiingu nguu fotnoo ko to Hamburg-Neuwiedenthal e ñalawma toowɗo nguleeki, S 39,1 °C (102,4 °F) woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Hamburg.<ref name="Deutscher Wetterdienst" /> ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Hamburg| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard--> [[Category:Berniiji]] [[Category:Berniiji Jaaman]] [[Category:Jaaman]] [[Category:Diiwal dow e Jaaman]] mew444pjquc9ts9cb4eoi7hij3cbdsz 114834 114655 2025-06-30T22:02:16Z InternetArchiveBot 6960 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 114834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Hamburg''' un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [[Berlin]]<ref name="constitution">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref><ref name="constitution2">{{Citation|trans-title=[[Constitution of Hamburg]]|title=Verfassung der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg|url=http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|date=6 June 1952|edition=11th|access-date=21 September 2008|language=de|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610050056/http://hh.juris.de/hh/gesamt/Verf_HA.htm#Verf_HA_rahmen|archive-date=10 June 2007}}.</ref> ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal.<ref>{{Cite news|author1=Jacqueline Brinkwirth|author2=Sophie von Wirth|author3=Gero Berndt|date=31 May 2019|title=Ranking 2019: Die zehn größten Städte Deutschlands|trans-title=The Ten Largest German Cities|newspaper=Handelsblatt|url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/ranking-2019-die-zehn-groessten-staedte-deutschlands/24407466.html|language=de}}</ref> Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamburg in Zahlen|url=https://www.hamburg.de/info/3277402/hamburg-in-zahlen/|access-date=12 July 2023|website=hamburg.de|language=de}}</ref><ref name="citypopulation_urban">{{cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|author=citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office|title=Germany: Urban Areas|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133151/http://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|archive-date=3 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. To bannge worgo duunde Jutland, Hamburg ina darii e dow maayo Elbe ɓuuɓngo e hoore maayo 110 km (68 mi) feewde maayo worgo, e dow hunduko Alster e Bille. Hamburg ina jeyaa e gure-dowlaaji tati Almaañ sara Berlin e Bremen, ina taaroo Schleswig-Holstein to bannge worgo e Sakson les to bannge worgo. Port Hamburg woni Port Hamburg ɓurɗo mawnude e Almaañ, tataɓo e Orop, caggal Rotterdam e Antwerpen. Ɗemngal nokku oo ko mbaydi Low Saxon. Innde laawɗunde ndee ina hollita daartol Hamburg nde wonnoo ko tergal e fedde Hanseatic Ligue medieval e wuro laamɗo ndimaagu e nder Laamaandi Room Ceniindi. Ko adii kawral Almaañ e hitaande 1871, ko leydi wuro laamu timmungo, ko adii 1919 ko republique civique ardinoo ɗum e doosɗe leydi ko dental Grand Burghers walla Hanseaten ronooɓe. Beset e musibbaaji ko wayi no yiite mawnde Hamburg, ilam maayo worgo e hitaande 1962 e hareeji konu ina jeyaa heen bommbooji wolde adunaare ɗimmere, wuro ngoo dañii ƴellitaade e yaltude e alɗude caggal kala musiiba. == Joogaraafi == Hamburg woni ko e laana ndiwoowa ɓuuɓka to bannge worgo fanning-out Peninsula Jutland, hakkunde duunde Orop to bannge worgo e Skandinaavi to bannge worgo, e maayo worgo to bannge hirnaange e maayo Baltik to bannge worgo-fuɗnaange. Ko e maayo Elbe ɗo hawrata e Alster e Bille. Caka wuro ngo woni ko e saraaji Binnenalster ("Alster nder") e Außenalster ("Alster yaasi"), ɗiin ɗiɗi fof ko e ɓuuɓnude maayo Alster ngam waɗde maayooji. Duundeeji Neuwerk, Scharhörn, e Nigehörn, 100 kiloomeeteer (60 mi) e nder nokku biyeteeɗo Hamburg, ina njeyaa kadi e wuro Hamburg.<ref>Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park Act {{Citation|title=Gesetz über den Nationalpark Hamburgisches Wattenmeer|url=http://www.landesrecht.hamburg.de/jportal/portal/page/bshaprod.psml?doc.id=jlr-WattMGHArahmen&st=lr&showdoccase=1&paramfromHL=true#focuspoint|date=9 April 1990|access-date=26 February 2011|language=de}}</ref> Koɗkiiji Neuenfelde, Cranz, Francop e Finkenwerder ina njeyaa e diiwaan leydi Altes (leydi ɓooyndi), diiwaan ɓurɗo mawnude e Orop hakkundeejo, jokkondirɗo e peewnugol leɗɗe. Neugraben-Fischbek woni nokku ɓurɗo toowde e Hamburg, ko Hasselbrack woni 116,2 meeteer (381 ft) AMSL.<ref>{{Citation|author=''Geologisches Landesamt Hamburg'' (Hamburg State Geological Department)|title=Statistisches Jahrbuch 2007/2008|journal=Statistisches Jahrbuch Hamburg|year=2007|publisher=Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein|location=Hamburg|issn=1614-8045|language=de}}</ref> Hamburg ina seerti e diiwanuuji Sleswig-Holstein e Sakson les. == Wakati == Hamburg ina jogii weeyo geec (Köppen: Cfb; Trewartha: Dobk), ina jogii batte e ɓadtaade daande maayo e batte geec ummoriiɗe e dow geec Atlantik. Nokku oo to fuɗnaange Almaañ ina rokka ekstreemuuji ɓurɗi mawnude e weeyo maayo, kono sikke alaa e nder cate sabu westerlies ɓurɗo heewde.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|title=Hamburg, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase|access-date=7 February 2019|archive-date=25 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725055124/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=74101&cityname=Hamburg,+Hamburg,+Germany&units=metric|url-status=dead}}</ref> Leɗɗe ɓutte ɓadiiɗe ina mbeltii e weeyo ɓuuɓngo maayo. Keewgol nees ina seerti no feewi e ɗii duuɓi capanɗe cakkitiiɗi. E darorɗe kitaale 1970 e puɗal kitaale 1980, neesuuji keewɗi ina mbaɗa sahaa e sahaa fof,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180613160752/https://www.ndr.de/kultur/geschichte/chronologie/197879-Schneekatastrophe-legt-Norden-lahm,schneechaosindex100.html Report] on the snowfall disaster of 1978/1979 in northern Germany, retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref> ndunngu e duuɓi cakkitiiɗi ɗii ina famɗi, neesuuji ina mbaɗa balɗe seeɗa tan e hitaande.<ref>[http://scienceblogs.de/primaklima/2010/12/07/kalte-winter-in-europa/ Article] on the winters in Germany, retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.winterchronik.de/winter-chronik.jsf;jsessionid=20F25C886A43B1A698DA6B01BB5FCA95 Comparison] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007000947/http://www.winterchronik.de/winter-chronik.jsf%3Bjsessionid%3D20F25C886A43B1A698DA6B01BB5FCA95|date=7 October 2016}} of the weather and snowfall in German winters (from 1950 on), retrieved on 20 July 2016.</ref> Lebbi ɓurɗi wulde ko lewru suwee, sulyee e ut, nguleeki mum tolnii e 20,1 haa 22,5 °C (68,2 haa 72,5 °F). Ɓuri toowde ko lewru Duujal, lewru Yarkomaa e Feebariyee, nguleeki mum tolnii e −0,3 haa 1,0 °C (31,5 haa 33,8 °F).<ref name="Deutscher Wetterdienst">{{cite web|url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/016/c00055.htm|title=World Weather Information Service – Hamburg|access-date=6 April 2012|publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230802/http://worldweather.wmo.int/016/c00055.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nguleeki ɓurtuki hitaande kala ina ummoo e −29,1 °C (−20,4 °F) ñalnde 13 feebariyee 1940, haa 40,1 °C (104,2 °F) ñalnde 20 sulyee 2022, e ñalngu cakkitiingu nguu fotnoo ko to Hamburg-Neuwiedenthal e ñalawma toowɗo nguleeki, S 39,1 °C (102,4 °F) woni ko e laana ndiwoowa Hamburg.<ref name="Deutscher Wetterdienst" /> ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category:Hamburg| ]]<!--leave the empty space as for standard--> [[Category:Berniiji]] [[Category:Berniiji Jaaman]] [[Category:Jaaman]] [[Category:Diiwal dow e Jaaman]] dgr8p08k2gyk2g5bi55ngky38n8uv4k 0 5011 114676 104175 2025-06-30T20:18:18Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.[9] Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.[10] Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.[11] E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.[12][13] Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.[14] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 6izhlojqvbcw5wr3odqx85s84vtynpt 114677 114676 2025-06-30T20:18:34Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.[9] Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.[10] Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.[11] E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.[12][13] Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.[14] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 2y2l9wcbpszhfrjhg3vzw2gqxh7o9u7 114678 114677 2025-06-30T20:19:03Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.[10] Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.[11] E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.[12][13] Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.[14] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 7e02tzde1m79zcs84xzjafwp5aelqcg 114679 114678 2025-06-30T20:19:22Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.[11] E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.[12][13] Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.[14] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] sx3nce9iqrceu4q1mrikos22lrokt4b 114680 114679 2025-06-30T20:19:46Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.[12][13] Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.[14] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 054q46sgvo542ud5304mfsqj910xscp 114681 114680 2025-06-30T20:20:01Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.[14] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] fvcw7qrttcss92za3zmtln4sa66eno5 114682 114681 2025-06-30T20:20:19Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.[14] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] gfc1uck4pabbvmbh0o3fykcbyqqkgwz 114683 114682 2025-06-30T20:20:42Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] ldph38hvlj1wq6650mxsee0ooo0jhng 114684 114683 2025-06-30T20:22:23Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.[2] E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.[3][4] Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.[1] Naatgol e gartirgol laana njoorndi Nairobi e hitaande 1899 E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.[5] E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.[6][7] E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."[3] Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le[8]. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.[9] Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5 000 haa 16 000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.[10] E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.[11] E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.[12][13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 8bg2m0xy2ojv4b3ph76c65g6brr1uva 114685 114684 2025-06-30T20:22:43Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.[3][4] Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.[1] Naatgol e gartirgol laana njoorndi Nairobi e hitaande 1899 E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.[5] E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.[6][7] E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."[3] Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le[8]. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.[9] Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5 000 haa 16 000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.[10] E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.[11] E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.[12][13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 3c4v2eq42xwmtll8j2fnnbzc3pj49ox 114686 114685 2025-06-30T20:23:03Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.[1] Naatgol e gartirgol laana njoorndi Nairobi e hitaande 1899 E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.[5] E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.[6][7] E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."[3] Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le[8]. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.[9] Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5 000 haa 16 000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.[10] E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.[11] E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.[12][13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] g8pyz8bka1dec5y10l051gspkwwz702 114687 114686 2025-06-30T20:23:23Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.[1] Naatgol e gartirgol laana njoorndi Nairobi e hitaande 1899 E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.[5] E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.[6][7] E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."[3] Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le[8]. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.[9] Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5 000 haa 16 000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.[10] E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.[11] E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.[12][13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] oyamof9cjjjb1fmwyjrs1zdtjnacpkw 114688 114687 2025-06-30T20:23:48Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.[1] Naatgol e gartirgol laana njoorndi Nairobi e hitaande 1899 E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.[6][7] E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."[3] Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le[8]. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.[9] Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5 000 haa 16 000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.[10] E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.[11] E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.[12][13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 06lj1oa9rg5clupo02hrzreda9phrwo 114689 114688 2025-06-30T20:24:21Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.[1] E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."[3] Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le[8]. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.[9] Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5 000 haa 16 000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.[10] E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.[11] E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.[12][13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] nkkw7d5bfapvb4y5m3611irtc4x5roj 114690 114689 2025-06-30T20:24:39Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."[3] Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le[8]. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.[9] Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5 000 haa 16 000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.[10] E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.[11] E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.[12][13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] j59ikrmfbh7ddwbr6euqhh4i94u2btt 114691 114690 2025-06-30T20:25:00Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."[3] Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le[8]. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.[9] Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5 000 haa 16 000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.[10] E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.[11] E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.[12][13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] t0swnibo9f2nnz9rqcyn6xberp8mpfi 114692 114691 2025-06-30T20:25:28Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."[3] Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.[9] Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5 000 haa 16 000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.[10] E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.[11] E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.[12][13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] o0djkmbcvvv630y7k8i5b7yw6lo3ugd 114693 114692 2025-06-30T20:25:48Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."[3] Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5 000 haa 16 000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.[10] E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.[11] E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.[12][13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 0l8gxhp732q9wrlpjh0zl8b6ooopdl5 114694 114693 2025-06-30T20:26:10Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5 000 haa 16 000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.[10] E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.[11] E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.[12][13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] bnaphtuv6dfuntfe4hhhbu7xlgdopnu 114695 114694 2025-06-30T20:26:52Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.[11] E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.[12][13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 4m77x25me3fxv76y3fx1cgy6n0sygri 114696 114695 2025-06-30T20:27:10Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.[12][13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] scwpy5uz5ms4g97fco6rsriy2lyznjh 114697 114696 2025-06-30T20:27:29Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref> ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] ofqc3pgl6spa1ii2kka3zcyq0fmwy70 114698 114697 2025-06-30T20:27:46Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] poh0khl9sev0pw0up5wppul3dupiua3 114699 114698 2025-06-30T20:29:25Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.[1] Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".[2] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] jwf2h9c56t3cmds8o2rxadeg30jpt9i 114700 114699 2025-06-30T20:29:46Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.[1] Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] e4ii0iuxgdw05tjre6mhnraswnr5c0e 114701 114700 2025-06-30T20:30:08Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] slos2u63721csgid0kprae20aobygb3 114702 114701 2025-06-30T20:32:59Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.[2] Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen : mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.[3][4] Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.[5] Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.[6][7][8] Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.[9] E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.[10][11] nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.[12][13] Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.[14][15][16] Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] t7sxb78yegppx3hncc9hbnomwevzfme 114703 114702 2025-06-30T20:33:19Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen : mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.[3][4] Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.[5] Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.[6][7][8] Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.[9] E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.[10][11] nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.[12][13] Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.[14][15][16] Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] ajfylyof8hj1idl8h0eep2u1h8fuvzi 114704 114703 2025-06-30T20:33:47Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.[5] Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.[6][7][8] Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.[9] E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.[10][11] nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.[12][13] Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.[14][15][16] Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] iirctjjdyx8ncc7fgxy96jc359fr2nb 114705 114704 2025-06-30T20:34:06Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.[5] Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.[6][7][8] Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.[9] E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.[10][11] nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.[12][13] Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.[14][15][16] Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] c8xnlhf63wfm90kdosnyixkdqzpnddk 114706 114705 2025-06-30T20:34:27Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.[6][7][8] Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.[9] E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.[10][11] nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.[12][13] Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.[14][15][16] Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] liey8wil6niukvmtnlhyo7mu3e7n7ay 114707 114706 2025-06-30T20:34:44Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.[9] E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.[10][11] nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.[12][13] Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.[14][15][16] Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] p51apxjtbahf2g5dwtyq8qs3a9dyq8w 114708 114707 2025-06-30T20:35:01Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.[9] E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.[10][11] nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.[12][13] Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.[14][15][16] Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 5ck14hdydr8245wtrawpw1j30mpqycn 114709 114708 2025-06-30T20:35:20Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.[9] E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.[10][11] nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.[12][13] Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.[14][15][16] Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 6ayuxb9xadiowt6g58xclmszj0padcm 114710 114709 2025-06-30T20:35:39Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.[10][11] nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.[12][13] Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.[14][15][16] Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] rumkzzbg2yfbrxjij2j6y21sy1mpm9m 114711 114710 2025-06-30T20:36:00Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.[12][13] Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.[14][15][16] Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 5lxdssr6xkadg9ss2rjnthbv0wwkkh1 114712 114711 2025-06-30T20:36:20Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.[12][13] Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.[14][15][16] Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] it0h8q4ide2vkei7b8lhrszqklta30y 114713 114712 2025-06-30T20:36:49Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.[14][15][16] Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] o65rfazbykhncrdq8z73x6isy1lnhwa 114714 114713 2025-06-30T20:37:05Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.[14][15][16] Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 7yw847tz3wttgbuwqo5o347flht1rrj 114715 114714 2025-06-30T20:37:34Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] rzrpyybbx3dnzlv3wfi9he0x4g44864 114716 114715 2025-06-30T20:37:59Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] a802othej4wkv4x751526gkawcehkrq 114717 114716 2025-06-30T20:38:19Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.[17] Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] sqa8uew76n6iz9oztfjoeucuns1y6qs 114718 114717 2025-06-30T20:38:46Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.[19] Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] ouafzjffasuiqm8s9ltmthi2wfa4v3r 114719 114718 2025-06-30T20:39:06Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.[18] Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] soe8yfgu3iyxjfx0dg45v86z5rwk8kj 114720 114719 2025-06-30T20:39:45Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.[20] City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] t8s1gczv4v893r0kryojoda8pzxb004 114721 114720 2025-06-30T20:40:05Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.[21][22] Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 0505v4l16x86zd47pzpdr38dotozhwg 114722 114721 2025-06-30T20:40:24Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Keñya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Keñya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Keñiya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Keñiya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Keñiya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Keñiya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Keñiya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Keñiya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Keñiya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Keñiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Keñiya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Keñiya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Keñiya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] ns6hewq8ye85luxlki2jbdtsz8l6g66 114723 114722 2025-06-30T20:41:13Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.[23] Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] bnc0288r7ns813bjmsd5i4999fppog6 114724 114723 2025-06-30T20:41:40Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.[24] Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] lnz8qexp66t1b44q9znyq8ifsprm51h 114725 114724 2025-06-30T20:42:09Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.[25][26] Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 6ky9a2u641rie61dgfezre7uczfvpma 114726 114725 2025-06-30T20:42:30Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 8mqvb1o7l2zwv7x1yyctgzpepxh20qn 114727 114726 2025-06-30T20:43:00Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru[27] e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 6bu0k26vusba8t5xz27ze76ewftn793 114728 114727 2025-06-30T20:43:28Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.[28] Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] hkb19acg86q8xgyif9ozchkv6w0lqw7 114729 114728 2025-06-30T20:43:47Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere e[20]. Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] q41qj1jxet7zo1bi2ukdsph32wer1yk 114730 114729 2025-06-30T20:44:22Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 291nn7vxshxx4pcnx98qpw9if64lmqs 114731 114730 2025-06-30T20:44:42Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.[31] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] hx22whgc4kjk3b6urdg9zzz9fxf8bce 114732 114731 2025-06-30T20:45:07Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] regfxv3flxssrqgbh2vevrzr17zv0y7 114733 114732 2025-06-30T20:47:00Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Sigga == Nairobi woni wuro bursi Nairobi (NSE), gooto e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik. NSE anndiraama e dow laabi wonde bursi caggal leydi e Bursi Londres e hitaande 1953. Bursi oo ko bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, kadi ko joyaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude to bannge njulaagu (Market Capitalization) e nder teemedere e nder teemedere PIB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Millennium IT|title=Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange|publisher=millenniumit.com|url=http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|access-date=28 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|archive-date=3 November 2006}}</ref> Nairobi woni gardiiɗo diiwaan oo sosiyeteeji e pelle keewɗe hakkunde leyɗeele. E hitaande 2007, Jeneral Elektrik, Young & Rubikam, Google, Koka-Kola, IBM Services, e Cisco Systems mbayli galleeji mum en to Afrik to wuro ngo.[2][3] Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi ina jaɓɓoo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge taariindi e to bannge hoɗorde. Sosiyeteeji keewɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ina njogii njuɓɓudi mum en to Nairobi. Safaricom, sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Keñiya to bannge jawdi e ngalu ina jogii njuɓɓudi mum to Nairobi, KenGen, woni sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik caggal Afrik worgo,[4] woni ko e wuro hee. Kenya Airways, woni laana ndiwoowa nayaɓa e nder Afrik, ina huutoroo laana ndiwoowa Jomo Kenyatta to Nairobi ngam waɗde heen laana ndiwoowa. Nairobi heddaaki e fenoore FinTech nde ƴetti laamu winndere ndee kala. Nde waɗii sosiyateeji karallaagal ɗiɗi ko wayi no Craft Silicon, Karallaagal Kangai, Jambo Pay e Hostraha Limited Arsiif ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2022 to masiŋ Wayback. ko ɗum wonnoo e yeeso karallaagal,[9] kesam-hesaagu e sarwisaaji limtooji baɗɗi e duule. Geɗe maɓɓe ina kuutoree no feewi, ina njogii kadi geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Kenya e nder keeri mum.[10] Marsandiis peewnaazo to Nairobi ina jeyaa heen comci, mbaydiiji, kaɓirɗe mahdi, nguura mbaylaandi, njaram, e simmeeji.[11][12] Sosiyeteeji keewɗi caggal leydi ina njogii gollorɗe e nder wuro ngoo e saraaji mum. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : Sosiyetee Goodyear, Sosiyetee General Motors, Toyota, e Sosiyetee The Coca-Cola.[citation ina haani] Nairobi ina jogii nokku turisma mawɗo, ko nokku turisma e nokku ɗo yah-ngartaa woni.[13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] e92yb90pe3ojyj088dbjnxt9c5ay77j 114734 114733 2025-06-30T20:47:37Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Sigga == Nairobi woni wuro bursi Nairobi (NSE), gooto e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik. NSE anndiraama e dow laabi wonde bursi caggal leydi e Bursi Londres e hitaande 1953. Bursi oo ko bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, kadi ko joyaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude to bannge njulaagu (Market Capitalization) e nder teemedere e nder teemedere PIB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Millennium IT|title=Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange|publisher=millenniumit.com|url=http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|access-date=28 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|archive-date=3 November 2006}}</ref> Nairobi woni gardiiɗo diiwaan oo sosiyeteeji e pelle keewɗe hakkunde leyɗeele. E hitaande 2007, Jeneral Elektrik, Young & Rubikam, Google, Koka-Kola, IBM Services, e Cisco Systems mbayli galleeji mum en to Afrik to wuro ngo.<ref>{{cite web|title=General Electric moves Africa's hub to Nairobi|publisher=bdafrica.com|url=http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|access-date=18 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151239/http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref> Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi ina jaɓɓoo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge taariindi e to bannge hoɗorde. Sosiyeteeji keewɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ina njogii njuɓɓudi mum en to Nairobi. Safaricom, sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Keñiya to bannge jawdi e ngalu ina jogii njuɓɓudi mum to Nairobi, KenGen, woni sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik caggal Afrik worgo,[4] woni ko e wuro hee. Kenya Airways, woni laana ndiwoowa nayaɓa e nder Afrik, ina huutoroo laana ndiwoowa Jomo Kenyatta to Nairobi ngam waɗde heen laana ndiwoowa. Nairobi heddaaki e fenoore FinTech nde ƴetti laamu winndere ndee kala. Nde waɗii sosiyateeji karallaagal ɗiɗi ko wayi no Craft Silicon, Karallaagal Kangai, Jambo Pay e Hostraha Limited Arsiif ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2022 to masiŋ Wayback. ko ɗum wonnoo e yeeso karallaagal,[9] kesam-hesaagu e sarwisaaji limtooji baɗɗi e duule. Geɗe maɓɓe ina kuutoree no feewi, ina njogii kadi geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Kenya e nder keeri mum.[10] Marsandiis peewnaazo to Nairobi ina jeyaa heen comci, mbaydiiji, kaɓirɗe mahdi, nguura mbaylaandi, njaram, e simmeeji.[11][12] Sosiyeteeji keewɗi caggal leydi ina njogii gollorɗe e nder wuro ngoo e saraaji mum. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : Sosiyetee Goodyear, Sosiyetee General Motors, Toyota, e Sosiyetee The Coca-Cola.[citation ina haani] Nairobi ina jogii nokku turisma mawɗo, ko nokku turisma e nokku ɗo yah-ngartaa woni.[13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] plwg9bhngl7oi63tz5ew7gi82na0anj 114735 114734 2025-06-30T20:48:07Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Sigga == Nairobi woni wuro bursi Nairobi (NSE), gooto e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik. NSE anndiraama e dow laabi wonde bursi caggal leydi e Bursi Londres e hitaande 1953. Bursi oo ko bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, kadi ko joyaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude to bannge njulaagu (Market Capitalization) e nder teemedere e nder teemedere PIB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Millennium IT|title=Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange|publisher=millenniumit.com|url=http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|access-date=28 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|archive-date=3 November 2006}}</ref> Nairobi woni gardiiɗo diiwaan oo sosiyeteeji e pelle keewɗe hakkunde leyɗeele. E hitaande 2007, Jeneral Elektrik, Young & Rubikam, Google, Koka-Kola, IBM Services, e Cisco Systems mbayli galleeji mum en to Afrik to wuro ngo.<ref>{{cite web|title=General Electric moves Africa's hub to Nairobi|publisher=bdafrica.com|url=http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|access-date=18 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151239/http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Press Media Wire|title=Cisco Inaugurates East African Headquarters in Nairobi|publisher=pressmediawire.com|url=http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|access-date=20 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111164429/http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi ina jaɓɓoo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge taariindi e to bannge hoɗorde. Sosiyeteeji keewɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ina njogii njuɓɓudi mum en to Nairobi. Safaricom, sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Keñiya to bannge jawdi e ngalu ina jogii njuɓɓudi mum to Nairobi, KenGen, woni sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik caggal Afrik worgo,[4] woni ko e wuro hee. Kenya Airways, woni laana ndiwoowa nayaɓa e nder Afrik, ina huutoroo laana ndiwoowa Jomo Kenyatta to Nairobi ngam waɗde heen laana ndiwoowa. Nairobi heddaaki e fenoore FinTech nde ƴetti laamu winndere ndee kala. Nde waɗii sosiyateeji karallaagal ɗiɗi ko wayi no Craft Silicon, Karallaagal Kangai, Jambo Pay e Hostraha Limited Arsiif ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2022 to masiŋ Wayback. ko ɗum wonnoo e yeeso karallaagal,[9] kesam-hesaagu e sarwisaaji limtooji baɗɗi e duule. Geɗe maɓɓe ina kuutoree no feewi, ina njogii kadi geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Kenya e nder keeri mum.[10] Marsandiis peewnaazo to Nairobi ina jeyaa heen comci, mbaydiiji, kaɓirɗe mahdi, nguura mbaylaandi, njaram, e simmeeji.[11][12] Sosiyeteeji keewɗi caggal leydi ina njogii gollorɗe e nder wuro ngoo e saraaji mum. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : Sosiyetee Goodyear, Sosiyetee General Motors, Toyota, e Sosiyetee The Coca-Cola.[citation ina haani] Nairobi ina jogii nokku turisma mawɗo, ko nokku turisma e nokku ɗo yah-ngartaa woni.[13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 71p5hjx62bnt6t3n72hihuec0s6eqnl 114736 114735 2025-06-30T20:48:33Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Sigga == Nairobi woni wuro bursi Nairobi (NSE), gooto e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik. NSE anndiraama e dow laabi wonde bursi caggal leydi e Bursi Londres e hitaande 1953. Bursi oo ko bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, kadi ko joyaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude to bannge njulaagu (Market Capitalization) e nder teemedere e nder teemedere PIB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Millennium IT|title=Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange|publisher=millenniumit.com|url=http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|access-date=28 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|archive-date=3 November 2006}}</ref> Nairobi woni gardiiɗo diiwaan oo sosiyeteeji e pelle keewɗe hakkunde leyɗeele. E hitaande 2007, Jeneral Elektrik, Young & Rubikam, Google, Koka-Kola, IBM Services, e Cisco Systems mbayli galleeji mum en to Afrik to wuro ngo.<ref>{{cite web|title=General Electric moves Africa's hub to Nairobi|publisher=bdafrica.com|url=http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|access-date=18 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151239/http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Press Media Wire|title=Cisco Inaugurates East African Headquarters in Nairobi|publisher=pressmediawire.com|url=http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|access-date=20 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111164429/http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi ina jaɓɓoo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge taariindi e to bannge hoɗorde. Sosiyeteeji keewɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ina njogii njuɓɓudi mum en to Nairobi. Safaricom, sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Keñiya to bannge jawdi e ngalu ina jogii njuɓɓudi mum to Nairobi, KenGen, woni sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik caggal Afrik worgo,<ref>{{cite web|title=KenGen Heads Index of Africa's Top 40 Stocks|publisher=nationmedia.com|url=http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|access-date=15 October 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015707/http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> woni ko e wuro hee. Kenya Airways, woni laana ndiwoowa nayaɓa e nder Afrik, ina huutoroo laana ndiwoowa Jomo Kenyatta to Nairobi ngam waɗde heen laana ndiwoowa. Nairobi heddaaki e fenoore FinTech nde ƴetti laamu winndere ndee kala. Nde waɗii sosiyateeji karallaagal ɗiɗi ko wayi no Craft Silicon, Karallaagal Kangai, Jambo Pay e Hostraha Limited Arsiif ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2022 to masiŋ Wayback. ko ɗum wonnoo e yeeso karallaagal,[9] kesam-hesaagu e sarwisaaji limtooji baɗɗi e duule. Geɗe maɓɓe ina kuutoree no feewi, ina njogii kadi geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Kenya e nder keeri mum.[10] Marsandiis peewnaazo to Nairobi ina jeyaa heen comci, mbaydiiji, kaɓirɗe mahdi, nguura mbaylaandi, njaram, e simmeeji.[11][12] Sosiyeteeji keewɗi caggal leydi ina njogii gollorɗe e nder wuro ngoo e saraaji mum. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : Sosiyetee Goodyear, Sosiyetee General Motors, Toyota, e Sosiyetee The Coca-Cola.[citation ina haani] Nairobi ina jogii nokku turisma mawɗo, ko nokku turisma e nokku ɗo yah-ngartaa woni.[13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] dci1bod2wc6ydhvra9c4t1ntck98c5y 114737 114736 2025-06-30T20:49:18Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Sigga == Nairobi woni wuro bursi Nairobi (NSE), gooto e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik. NSE anndiraama e dow laabi wonde bursi caggal leydi e Bursi Londres e hitaande 1953. Bursi oo ko bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, kadi ko joyaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude to bannge njulaagu (Market Capitalization) e nder teemedere e nder teemedere PIB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Millennium IT|title=Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange|publisher=millenniumit.com|url=http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|access-date=28 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|archive-date=3 November 2006}}</ref> Nairobi woni gardiiɗo diiwaan oo sosiyeteeji e pelle keewɗe hakkunde leyɗeele. E hitaande 2007, Jeneral Elektrik, Young & Rubikam, Google, Koka-Kola, IBM Services, e Cisco Systems mbayli galleeji mum en to Afrik to wuro ngo.<ref>{{cite web|title=General Electric moves Africa's hub to Nairobi|publisher=bdafrica.com|url=http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|access-date=18 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151239/http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Press Media Wire|title=Cisco Inaugurates East African Headquarters in Nairobi|publisher=pressmediawire.com|url=http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|access-date=20 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111164429/http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi ina jaɓɓoo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge taariindi e to bannge hoɗorde. Sosiyeteeji keewɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ina njogii njuɓɓudi mum en to Nairobi. Safaricom, sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Keñiya to bannge jawdi e ngalu ina jogii njuɓɓudi mum to Nairobi, KenGen, woni sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik caggal Afrik worgo,<ref>{{cite web|title=KenGen Heads Index of Africa's Top 40 Stocks|publisher=nationmedia.com|url=http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|access-date=15 October 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015707/http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> woni ko e wuro hee. Kenya Airways, woni laana ndiwoowa nayaɓa e nder Afrik, ina huutoroo laana ndiwoowa Jomo Kenyatta to Nairobi ngam waɗde heen laana ndiwoowa. Nairobi heddaaki e fenoore FinTech nde ƴetti laamu winndere ndee kala. Nde waɗii sosiyateeji karallaagal ɗiɗi ko wayi no Craft Silicon,<ref>{{cite web|title=Craft Silicon Ltd.: Private Company Information – Bloomberg|publisher=bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|access-date=15 October 2016|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026070044/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|url-status=live}}</ref> Karallaagal Kangai, Jambo Pay e Hostraha Limited Arsiif ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2022 to masiŋ Wayback. ko ɗum wonnoo e yeeso karallaagal,[9] kesam-hesaagu e sarwisaaji limtooji baɗɗi e duule. Geɗe maɓɓe ina kuutoree no feewi, ina njogii kadi geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Kenya e nder keeri mum.[10] Marsandiis peewnaazo to Nairobi ina jeyaa heen comci, mbaydiiji, kaɓirɗe mahdi, nguura mbaylaandi, njaram, e simmeeji.[11][12] Sosiyeteeji keewɗi caggal leydi ina njogii gollorɗe e nder wuro ngoo e saraaji mum. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : Sosiyetee Goodyear, Sosiyetee General Motors, Toyota, e Sosiyetee The Coca-Cola.[citation ina haani] Nairobi ina jogii nokku turisma mawɗo, ko nokku turisma e nokku ɗo yah-ngartaa woni.[13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] jkky9bv6mm13b4rkb67sbfpxedwdwac 114738 114737 2025-06-30T20:49:38Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Sigga == Nairobi woni wuro bursi Nairobi (NSE), gooto e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik. NSE anndiraama e dow laabi wonde bursi caggal leydi e Bursi Londres e hitaande 1953. Bursi oo ko bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, kadi ko joyaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude to bannge njulaagu (Market Capitalization) e nder teemedere e nder teemedere PIB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Millennium IT|title=Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange|publisher=millenniumit.com|url=http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|access-date=28 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|archive-date=3 November 2006}}</ref> Nairobi woni gardiiɗo diiwaan oo sosiyeteeji e pelle keewɗe hakkunde leyɗeele. E hitaande 2007, Jeneral Elektrik, Young & Rubikam, Google, Koka-Kola, IBM Services, e Cisco Systems mbayli galleeji mum en to Afrik to wuro ngo.<ref>{{cite web|title=General Electric moves Africa's hub to Nairobi|publisher=bdafrica.com|url=http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|access-date=18 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151239/http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Press Media Wire|title=Cisco Inaugurates East African Headquarters in Nairobi|publisher=pressmediawire.com|url=http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|access-date=20 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111164429/http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi ina jaɓɓoo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge taariindi e to bannge hoɗorde. Sosiyeteeji keewɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ina njogii njuɓɓudi mum en to Nairobi. Safaricom, sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Keñiya to bannge jawdi e ngalu ina jogii njuɓɓudi mum to Nairobi, KenGen, woni sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik caggal Afrik worgo,<ref>{{cite web|title=KenGen Heads Index of Africa's Top 40 Stocks|publisher=nationmedia.com|url=http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|access-date=15 October 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015707/http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> woni ko e wuro hee. Kenya Airways, woni laana ndiwoowa nayaɓa e nder Afrik, ina huutoroo laana ndiwoowa Jomo Kenyatta to Nairobi ngam waɗde heen laana ndiwoowa. Nairobi heddaaki e fenoore FinTech nde ƴetti laamu winndere ndee kala. Nde waɗii sosiyateeji karallaagal ɗiɗi ko wayi no Craft Silicon,<ref>{{cite web|title=Craft Silicon Ltd.: Private Company Information – Bloomberg|publisher=bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|access-date=15 October 2016|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026070044/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|url-status=live}}</ref> Karallaagal Kangai,<ref>{{cite web|title=KANGAI technologies (Nairobi, Kenya)|publisher=businesslist.co.ke|url=https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025225553/https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|url-status=live}}</ref> Jambo Pay e Hostraha Limited Arsiif ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2022 to masiŋ Wayback. ko ɗum wonnoo e yeeso karallaagal,[9] kesam-hesaagu e sarwisaaji limtooji baɗɗi e duule. Geɗe maɓɓe ina kuutoree no feewi, ina njogii kadi geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Kenya e nder keeri mum.[10] Marsandiis peewnaazo to Nairobi ina jeyaa heen comci, mbaydiiji, kaɓirɗe mahdi, nguura mbaylaandi, njaram, e simmeeji.[11][12] Sosiyeteeji keewɗi caggal leydi ina njogii gollorɗe e nder wuro ngoo e saraaji mum. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : Sosiyetee Goodyear, Sosiyetee General Motors, Toyota, e Sosiyetee The Coca-Cola.[citation ina haani] Nairobi ina jogii nokku turisma mawɗo, ko nokku turisma e nokku ɗo yah-ngartaa woni.[13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] gb912hcjhoiq7vejgqtsznhso151cnb 114739 114738 2025-06-30T20:50:44Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Sigga == Nairobi woni wuro bursi Nairobi (NSE), gooto e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik. NSE anndiraama e dow laabi wonde bursi caggal leydi e Bursi Londres e hitaande 1953. Bursi oo ko bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, kadi ko joyaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude to bannge njulaagu (Market Capitalization) e nder teemedere e nder teemedere PIB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Millennium IT|title=Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange|publisher=millenniumit.com|url=http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|access-date=28 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|archive-date=3 November 2006}}</ref> Nairobi woni gardiiɗo diiwaan oo sosiyeteeji e pelle keewɗe hakkunde leyɗeele. E hitaande 2007, Jeneral Elektrik, Young & Rubikam, Google, Koka-Kola, IBM Services, e Cisco Systems mbayli galleeji mum en to Afrik to wuro ngo.<ref>{{cite web|title=General Electric moves Africa's hub to Nairobi|publisher=bdafrica.com|url=http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|access-date=18 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151239/http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Press Media Wire|title=Cisco Inaugurates East African Headquarters in Nairobi|publisher=pressmediawire.com|url=http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|access-date=20 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111164429/http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi ina jaɓɓoo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge taariindi e to bannge hoɗorde. Sosiyeteeji keewɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ina njogii njuɓɓudi mum en to Nairobi. Safaricom, sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Keñiya to bannge jawdi e ngalu ina jogii njuɓɓudi mum to Nairobi, KenGen, woni sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik caggal Afrik worgo,<ref>{{cite web|title=KenGen Heads Index of Africa's Top 40 Stocks|publisher=nationmedia.com|url=http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|access-date=15 October 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015707/http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> woni ko e wuro hee. Kenya Airways, woni laana ndiwoowa nayaɓa e nder Afrik, ina huutoroo laana ndiwoowa Jomo Kenyatta to Nairobi ngam waɗde heen laana ndiwoowa. Nairobi heddaaki e fenoore FinTech nde ƴetti laamu winndere ndee kala. Nde waɗii sosiyateeji karallaagal ɗiɗi ko wayi no Craft Silicon,<ref>{{cite web|title=Craft Silicon Ltd.: Private Company Information – Bloomberg|publisher=bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|access-date=15 October 2016|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026070044/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|url-status=live}}</ref> Karallaagal Kangai,<ref>{{cite web|title=KANGAI technologies (Nairobi, Kenya)|publisher=businesslist.co.ke|url=https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025225553/https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|url-status=live}}</ref> Jambo Pay<ref>{{cite web|title=The 31 Year-Old Entrepreneur Who Is Challenging PayPal in Kenya|work=forbes.com|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|access-date=14 April 2015|archive-date=17 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023327/http://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|url-status=live}}</ref> e Hostraha Limited Arsiif ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2022 to masiŋ Wayback. ko ɗum wonnoo e yeeso karallaagal,[9] kesam-hesaagu e sarwisaaji limtooji baɗɗi e duule. Geɗe maɓɓe ina kuutoree no feewi, ina njogii kadi geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Kenya e nder keeri mum.[10] Marsandiis peewnaazo to Nairobi ina jeyaa heen comci, mbaydiiji, kaɓirɗe mahdi, nguura mbaylaandi, njaram, e simmeeji.[11][12] Sosiyeteeji keewɗi caggal leydi ina njogii gollorɗe e nder wuro ngoo e saraaji mum. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : Sosiyetee Goodyear, Sosiyetee General Motors, Toyota, e Sosiyetee The Coca-Cola.[citation ina haani] Nairobi ina jogii nokku turisma mawɗo, ko nokku turisma e nokku ɗo yah-ngartaa woni.[13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] i73cdblj5rq8nemlchtqqtbt7f8gpkg 114740 114739 2025-06-30T20:51:11Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Sigga == Nairobi woni wuro bursi Nairobi (NSE), gooto e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik. NSE anndiraama e dow laabi wonde bursi caggal leydi e Bursi Londres e hitaande 1953. Bursi oo ko bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, kadi ko joyaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude to bannge njulaagu (Market Capitalization) e nder teemedere e nder teemedere PIB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Millennium IT|title=Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange|publisher=millenniumit.com|url=http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|access-date=28 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|archive-date=3 November 2006}}</ref> Nairobi woni gardiiɗo diiwaan oo sosiyeteeji e pelle keewɗe hakkunde leyɗeele. E hitaande 2007, Jeneral Elektrik, Young & Rubikam, Google, Koka-Kola, IBM Services, e Cisco Systems mbayli galleeji mum en to Afrik to wuro ngo.<ref>{{cite web|title=General Electric moves Africa's hub to Nairobi|publisher=bdafrica.com|url=http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|access-date=18 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151239/http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Press Media Wire|title=Cisco Inaugurates East African Headquarters in Nairobi|publisher=pressmediawire.com|url=http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|access-date=20 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111164429/http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi ina jaɓɓoo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge taariindi e to bannge hoɗorde. Sosiyeteeji keewɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ina njogii njuɓɓudi mum en to Nairobi. Safaricom, sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Keñiya to bannge jawdi e ngalu ina jogii njuɓɓudi mum to Nairobi, KenGen, woni sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik caggal Afrik worgo,<ref>{{cite web|title=KenGen Heads Index of Africa's Top 40 Stocks|publisher=nationmedia.com|url=http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|access-date=15 October 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015707/http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> woni ko e wuro hee. Kenya Airways, woni laana ndiwoowa nayaɓa e nder Afrik, ina huutoroo laana ndiwoowa Jomo Kenyatta to Nairobi ngam waɗde heen laana ndiwoowa. Nairobi heddaaki e fenoore FinTech nde ƴetti laamu winndere ndee kala. Nde waɗii sosiyateeji karallaagal ɗiɗi ko wayi no Craft Silicon,<ref>{{cite web|title=Craft Silicon Ltd.: Private Company Information – Bloomberg|publisher=bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|access-date=15 October 2016|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026070044/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|url-status=live}}</ref> Karallaagal Kangai,<ref>{{cite web|title=KANGAI technologies (Nairobi, Kenya)|publisher=businesslist.co.ke|url=https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025225553/https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|url-status=live}}</ref> Jambo Pay<ref>{{cite web|title=The 31 Year-Old Entrepreneur Who Is Challenging PayPal in Kenya|work=forbes.com|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|access-date=14 April 2015|archive-date=17 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023327/http://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|url-status=live}}</ref> e Hostraha Limited Arsiif ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2022 to masiŋ Wayback. ko ɗum wonnoo e yeeso karallaagal,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Web Hosting, Domain Registration, Reseller Hosting & VPS Hosting|url=https://www.hostraha.com/|access-date=2024-01-18|language=en-US|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119215603/https://hostraha.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> kesam-hesaagu e sarwisaaji limtooji baɗɗi e duule. Geɗe maɓɓe ina kuutoree no feewi, ina njogii kadi geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Kenya e nder keeri mum.[10] Marsandiis peewnaazo to Nairobi ina jeyaa heen comci, mbaydiiji, kaɓirɗe mahdi, nguura mbaylaandi, njaram, e simmeeji.[11][12] Sosiyeteeji keewɗi caggal leydi ina njogii gollorɗe e nder wuro ngoo e saraaji mum. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : Sosiyetee Goodyear, Sosiyetee General Motors, Toyota, e Sosiyetee The Coca-Cola.[citation ina haani] Nairobi ina jogii nokku turisma mawɗo, ko nokku turisma e nokku ɗo yah-ngartaa woni.[13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 10j006qedz6mmnh1clw7r5rii79mh1t 114741 114740 2025-06-30T20:51:35Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Sigga == Nairobi woni wuro bursi Nairobi (NSE), gooto e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik. NSE anndiraama e dow laabi wonde bursi caggal leydi e Bursi Londres e hitaande 1953. Bursi oo ko bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, kadi ko joyaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude to bannge njulaagu (Market Capitalization) e nder teemedere e nder teemedere PIB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Millennium IT|title=Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange|publisher=millenniumit.com|url=http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|access-date=28 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|archive-date=3 November 2006}}</ref> Nairobi woni gardiiɗo diiwaan oo sosiyeteeji e pelle keewɗe hakkunde leyɗeele. E hitaande 2007, Jeneral Elektrik, Young & Rubikam, Google, Koka-Kola, IBM Services, e Cisco Systems mbayli galleeji mum en to Afrik to wuro ngo.<ref>{{cite web|title=General Electric moves Africa's hub to Nairobi|publisher=bdafrica.com|url=http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|access-date=18 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151239/http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Press Media Wire|title=Cisco Inaugurates East African Headquarters in Nairobi|publisher=pressmediawire.com|url=http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|access-date=20 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111164429/http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi ina jaɓɓoo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge taariindi e to bannge hoɗorde. Sosiyeteeji keewɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ina njogii njuɓɓudi mum en to Nairobi. Safaricom, sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Keñiya to bannge jawdi e ngalu ina jogii njuɓɓudi mum to Nairobi, KenGen, woni sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik caggal Afrik worgo,<ref>{{cite web|title=KenGen Heads Index of Africa's Top 40 Stocks|publisher=nationmedia.com|url=http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|access-date=15 October 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015707/http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> woni ko e wuro hee. Kenya Airways, woni laana ndiwoowa nayaɓa e nder Afrik, ina huutoroo laana ndiwoowa Jomo Kenyatta to Nairobi ngam waɗde heen laana ndiwoowa. Nairobi heddaaki e fenoore FinTech nde ƴetti laamu winndere ndee kala. Nde waɗii sosiyateeji karallaagal ɗiɗi ko wayi no Craft Silicon,<ref>{{cite web|title=Craft Silicon Ltd.: Private Company Information – Bloomberg|publisher=bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|access-date=15 October 2016|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026070044/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|url-status=live}}</ref> Karallaagal Kangai,<ref>{{cite web|title=KANGAI technologies (Nairobi, Kenya)|publisher=businesslist.co.ke|url=https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025225553/https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|url-status=live}}</ref> Jambo Pay<ref>{{cite web|title=The 31 Year-Old Entrepreneur Who Is Challenging PayPal in Kenya|work=forbes.com|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|access-date=14 April 2015|archive-date=17 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023327/http://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|url-status=live}}</ref> e Hostraha Limited Arsiif ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2022 to masiŋ Wayback. ko ɗum wonnoo e yeeso karallaagal,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Web Hosting, Domain Registration, Reseller Hosting & VPS Hosting|url=https://www.hostraha.com/|access-date=2024-01-18|language=en-US|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119215603/https://hostraha.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> kesam-hesaagu e sarwisaaji limtooji baɗɗi e duule.<ref>{{cite web|title=SaccoTek – Your Personal Sacco Manager|publisher=saccotek.co.ke|url=https://www.startupranking.com/saccotek|access-date=31 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707102141/http://www.startupranking.com/saccotek|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-07-07}}</ref> Geɗe maɓɓe ina kuutoree no feewi, ina njogii kadi geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Kenya e nder keeri mum.[10] Marsandiis peewnaazo to Nairobi ina jeyaa heen comci, mbaydiiji, kaɓirɗe mahdi, nguura mbaylaandi, njaram, e simmeeji.[11][12] Sosiyeteeji keewɗi caggal leydi ina njogii gollorɗe e nder wuro ngoo e saraaji mum. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : Sosiyetee Goodyear, Sosiyetee General Motors, Toyota, e Sosiyetee The Coca-Cola.[citation ina haani] Nairobi ina jogii nokku turisma mawɗo, ko nokku turisma e nokku ɗo yah-ngartaa woni.[13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] r6xueq7w0i1zr9rnqow4dhtt4r5a6nq 114742 114741 2025-06-30T20:51:59Z De-Invincible 7477 114742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Sigga == Nairobi woni wuro bursi Nairobi (NSE), gooto e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik. NSE anndiraama e dow laabi wonde bursi caggal leydi e Bursi Londres e hitaande 1953. Bursi oo ko bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, kadi ko joyaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude to bannge njulaagu (Market Capitalization) e nder teemedere e nder teemedere PIB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Millennium IT|title=Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange|publisher=millenniumit.com|url=http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|access-date=28 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|archive-date=3 November 2006}}</ref> Nairobi woni gardiiɗo diiwaan oo sosiyeteeji e pelle keewɗe hakkunde leyɗeele. E hitaande 2007, Jeneral Elektrik, Young & Rubikam, Google, Koka-Kola, IBM Services, e Cisco Systems mbayli galleeji mum en to Afrik to wuro ngo.<ref>{{cite web|title=General Electric moves Africa's hub to Nairobi|publisher=bdafrica.com|url=http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|access-date=18 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151239/http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Press Media Wire|title=Cisco Inaugurates East African Headquarters in Nairobi|publisher=pressmediawire.com|url=http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|access-date=20 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111164429/http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi ina jaɓɓoo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge taariindi e to bannge hoɗorde. Sosiyeteeji keewɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ina njogii njuɓɓudi mum en to Nairobi. Safaricom, sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Keñiya to bannge jawdi e ngalu ina jogii njuɓɓudi mum to Nairobi, KenGen, woni sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik caggal Afrik worgo,<ref>{{cite web|title=KenGen Heads Index of Africa's Top 40 Stocks|publisher=nationmedia.com|url=http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|access-date=15 October 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015707/http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> woni ko e wuro hee. Kenya Airways, woni laana ndiwoowa nayaɓa e nder Afrik, ina huutoroo laana ndiwoowa Jomo Kenyatta to Nairobi ngam waɗde heen laana ndiwoowa. Nairobi heddaaki e fenoore FinTech nde ƴetti laamu winndere ndee kala. Nde waɗii sosiyateeji karallaagal ɗiɗi ko wayi no Craft Silicon,<ref>{{cite web|title=Craft Silicon Ltd.: Private Company Information – Bloomberg|publisher=bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|access-date=15 October 2016|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026070044/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|url-status=live}}</ref> Karallaagal Kangai,<ref>{{cite web|title=KANGAI technologies (Nairobi, Kenya)|publisher=businesslist.co.ke|url=https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025225553/https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|url-status=live}}</ref> Jambo Pay<ref>{{cite web|title=The 31 Year-Old Entrepreneur Who Is Challenging PayPal in Kenya|work=forbes.com|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|access-date=14 April 2015|archive-date=17 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023327/http://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|url-status=live}}</ref> e Hostraha Limited Arsiif ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2022 to masiŋ Wayback. ko ɗum wonnoo e yeeso karallaagal,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Web Hosting, Domain Registration, Reseller Hosting & VPS Hosting|url=https://www.hostraha.com/|access-date=2024-01-18|language=en-US|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119215603/https://hostraha.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> kesam-hesaagu e sarwisaaji limtooji baɗɗi e duule.<ref>{{cite web|title=SaccoTek – Your Personal Sacco Manager|publisher=saccotek.co.ke|url=https://www.startupranking.com/saccotek|access-date=31 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707102141/http://www.startupranking.com/saccotek|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-07-07}}</ref> Geɗe maɓɓe ina kuutoree no feewi, ina njogii kadi geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Kenya e nder keeri mum.<ref>{{cite web|title=Craft Silicon revenue hits Sh5bn on pay platform use – Business Daily|publisher=businessdailyafrica.com|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/539550-3950398-7jd8wiz/index.html|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531220718/http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/539550-3950398-7jd8wiz/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Marsandiis peewnaazo to Nairobi ina jeyaa heen comci, mbaydiiji, kaɓirɗe mahdi, nguura mbaylaandi, njaram, e simmeeji.[11][12] Sosiyeteeji keewɗi caggal leydi ina njogii gollorɗe e nder wuro ngoo e saraaji mum. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : Sosiyetee Goodyear, Sosiyetee General Motors, Toyota, e Sosiyetee The Coca-Cola.[citation ina haani] Nairobi ina jogii nokku turisma mawɗo, ko nokku turisma e nokku ɗo yah-ngartaa woni.[13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] syxdu84uwg7ef6gv22lgyww52klztfa 114743 114742 2025-06-30T20:52:27Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Sigga == Nairobi woni wuro bursi Nairobi (NSE), gooto e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik. NSE anndiraama e dow laabi wonde bursi caggal leydi e Bursi Londres e hitaande 1953. Bursi oo ko bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, kadi ko joyaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude to bannge njulaagu (Market Capitalization) e nder teemedere e nder teemedere PIB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Millennium IT|title=Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange|publisher=millenniumit.com|url=http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|access-date=28 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|archive-date=3 November 2006}}</ref> Nairobi woni gardiiɗo diiwaan oo sosiyeteeji e pelle keewɗe hakkunde leyɗeele. E hitaande 2007, Jeneral Elektrik, Young & Rubikam, Google, Koka-Kola, IBM Services, e Cisco Systems mbayli galleeji mum en to Afrik to wuro ngo.<ref>{{cite web|title=General Electric moves Africa's hub to Nairobi|publisher=bdafrica.com|url=http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|access-date=18 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151239/http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Press Media Wire|title=Cisco Inaugurates East African Headquarters in Nairobi|publisher=pressmediawire.com|url=http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|access-date=20 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111164429/http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi ina jaɓɓoo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge taariindi e to bannge hoɗorde. Sosiyeteeji keewɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ina njogii njuɓɓudi mum en to Nairobi. Safaricom, sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Keñiya to bannge jawdi e ngalu ina jogii njuɓɓudi mum to Nairobi, KenGen, woni sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik caggal Afrik worgo,<ref>{{cite web|title=KenGen Heads Index of Africa's Top 40 Stocks|publisher=nationmedia.com|url=http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|access-date=15 October 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015707/http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> woni ko e wuro hee. Kenya Airways, woni laana ndiwoowa nayaɓa e nder Afrik, ina huutoroo laana ndiwoowa Jomo Kenyatta to Nairobi ngam waɗde heen laana ndiwoowa. Nairobi heddaaki e fenoore FinTech nde ƴetti laamu winndere ndee kala. Nde waɗii sosiyateeji karallaagal ɗiɗi ko wayi no Craft Silicon,<ref>{{cite web|title=Craft Silicon Ltd.: Private Company Information – Bloomberg|publisher=bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|access-date=15 October 2016|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026070044/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|url-status=live}}</ref> Karallaagal Kangai,<ref>{{cite web|title=KANGAI technologies (Nairobi, Kenya)|publisher=businesslist.co.ke|url=https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025225553/https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|url-status=live}}</ref> Jambo Pay<ref>{{cite web|title=The 31 Year-Old Entrepreneur Who Is Challenging PayPal in Kenya|work=forbes.com|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|access-date=14 April 2015|archive-date=17 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023327/http://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|url-status=live}}</ref> e Hostraha Limited Arsiif ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2022 to masiŋ Wayback. ko ɗum wonnoo e yeeso karallaagal,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Web Hosting, Domain Registration, Reseller Hosting & VPS Hosting|url=https://www.hostraha.com/|access-date=2024-01-18|language=en-US|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119215603/https://hostraha.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> kesam-hesaagu e sarwisaaji limtooji baɗɗi e duule.<ref>{{cite web|title=SaccoTek – Your Personal Sacco Manager|publisher=saccotek.co.ke|url=https://www.startupranking.com/saccotek|access-date=31 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707102141/http://www.startupranking.com/saccotek|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-07-07}}</ref> Geɗe maɓɓe ina kuutoree no feewi, ina njogii kadi geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Kenya e nder keeri mum.<ref>{{cite web|title=Craft Silicon revenue hits Sh5bn on pay platform use – Business Daily|publisher=businessdailyafrica.com|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/539550-3950398-7jd8wiz/index.html|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531220718/http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/539550-3950398-7jd8wiz/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Marsandiis peewnaazo to Nairobi ina jeyaa heen comci, mbaydiiji, kaɓirɗe mahdi, nguura mbaylaandi, njaram, e simmeeji.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya - Image of the Week - Earth Watching|url=https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/image-of-the-week/content/-/article/nairobi-kenya|website=earth.esa.int|access-date=2020-05-24|archive-date=4 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704005458/https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/image-of-the-week/content/-/article/nairobi-kenya/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sosiyeteeji keewɗi caggal leydi ina njogii gollorɗe e nder wuro ngoo e saraaji mum. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen : Sosiyetee Goodyear, Sosiyetee General Motors, Toyota, e Sosiyetee The Coca-Cola.[citation ina haani] Nairobi ina jogii nokku turisma mawɗo, ko nokku turisma e nokku ɗo yah-ngartaa woni.[13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] d47x5f3qj22tn3odf90cpacwhuds2yf 114744 114743 2025-06-30T20:53:06Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Sigga == Nairobi woni wuro bursi Nairobi (NSE), gooto e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik. NSE anndiraama e dow laabi wonde bursi caggal leydi e Bursi Londres e hitaande 1953. Bursi oo ko bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, kadi ko joyaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude to bannge njulaagu (Market Capitalization) e nder teemedere e nder teemedere PIB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Millennium IT|title=Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange|publisher=millenniumit.com|url=http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|access-date=28 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|archive-date=3 November 2006}}</ref> Nairobi woni gardiiɗo diiwaan oo sosiyeteeji e pelle keewɗe hakkunde leyɗeele. E hitaande 2007, Jeneral Elektrik, Young & Rubikam, Google, Koka-Kola, IBM Services, e Cisco Systems mbayli galleeji mum en to Afrik to wuro ngo.<ref>{{cite web|title=General Electric moves Africa's hub to Nairobi|publisher=bdafrica.com|url=http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|access-date=18 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151239/http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Press Media Wire|title=Cisco Inaugurates East African Headquarters in Nairobi|publisher=pressmediawire.com|url=http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|access-date=20 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111164429/http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi ina jaɓɓoo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge taariindi e to bannge hoɗorde. Sosiyeteeji keewɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ina njogii njuɓɓudi mum en to Nairobi. Safaricom, sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Keñiya to bannge jawdi e ngalu ina jogii njuɓɓudi mum to Nairobi, KenGen, woni sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik caggal Afrik worgo,<ref>{{cite web|title=KenGen Heads Index of Africa's Top 40 Stocks|publisher=nationmedia.com|url=http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|access-date=15 October 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015707/http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> woni ko e wuro hee. Kenya Airways, woni laana ndiwoowa nayaɓa e nder Afrik, ina huutoroo laana ndiwoowa Jomo Kenyatta to Nairobi ngam waɗde heen laana ndiwoowa. Nairobi heddaaki e fenoore FinTech nde ƴetti laamu winndere ndee kala. Nde waɗii sosiyateeji karallaagal ɗiɗi ko wayi no Craft Silicon,<ref>{{cite web|title=Craft Silicon Ltd.: Private Company Information – Bloomberg|publisher=bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|access-date=15 October 2016|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026070044/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|url-status=live}}</ref> Karallaagal Kangai,<ref>{{cite web|title=KANGAI technologies (Nairobi, Kenya)|publisher=businesslist.co.ke|url=https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025225553/https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|url-status=live}}</ref> Jambo Pay<ref>{{cite web|title=The 31 Year-Old Entrepreneur Who Is Challenging PayPal in Kenya|work=forbes.com|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|access-date=14 April 2015|archive-date=17 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023327/http://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|url-status=live}}</ref> e Hostraha Limited Arsiif ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2022 to masiŋ Wayback. ko ɗum wonnoo e yeeso karallaagal,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Web Hosting, Domain Registration, Reseller Hosting & VPS Hosting|url=https://www.hostraha.com/|access-date=2024-01-18|language=en-US|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119215603/https://hostraha.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> kesam-hesaagu e sarwisaaji limtooji baɗɗi e duule.<ref>{{cite web|title=SaccoTek – Your Personal Sacco Manager|publisher=saccotek.co.ke|url=https://www.startupranking.com/saccotek|access-date=31 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707102141/http://www.startupranking.com/saccotek|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-07-07}}</ref> Geɗe maɓɓe ina kuutoree no feewi, ina njogii kadi geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Kenya e nder keeri mum.<ref>{{cite web|title=Craft Silicon revenue hits Sh5bn on pay platform use – Business Daily|publisher=businessdailyafrica.com|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/539550-3950398-7jd8wiz/index.html|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531220718/http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/539550-3950398-7jd8wiz/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Marsandiis peewnaazo to Nairobi ina jeyaa heen comci, mbaydiiji, kaɓirɗe mahdi, nguura mbaylaandi, njaram, e simmeeji.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya - Image of the Week - Earth Watching|url=https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/image-of-the-week/content/-/article/nairobi-kenya|website=earth.esa.int|access-date=2020-05-24|archive-date=4 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704005458/https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/image-of-the-week/content/-/article/nairobi-kenya/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kenya, Nairobi Cost of Living April 2010|url=https://internationalcostofliving.com/2010/06/15/kenya-nairobi-cost-of-living-april-2010/|last=Xpatulator|date=2010-06-15|website=Expatriate International Cost of Living|language=en|access-date=2020-05-25|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806063526/https://internationalcostofliving.com/2010/06/15/kenya-nairobi-cost-of-living-april-2010/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sosiyeteeji keewɗi caggal leydi ina njogii gollorɗe e nder wuro ngoo e saraaji mum. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen: Sosiyetee Goodyear, Sosiyetee General Motors, Toyota, e Sosiyetee The Coca-Cola. Nairobi ina jogii nokku turisma mawɗo, ko nokku turisma e nokku ɗo yah-ngartaa woni.[13] ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] 1yt0ibgn153hk2skace1nss0csi1jf3 114745 114744 2025-06-30T20:53:30Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Stub}} {{databox}} '''Nairobi''' un [[laamorde]] e kapital leydi Kennya e wuro ɓurngo mawnude. Wuro ngoo woni ko e bannge worgo-caka leydi Kennya, tooweeki mum ko 1 795 meeter (5 889 ft). Innde nde ummii ko e konngol Maasai Enkare Nyrobi, firti ko ‘nokku ndiyam coofɗam’, ko firo maayo Nairobi ngo rewata e wuro ngo. Wuro man tigi woodi yimɓe 4,397,073 nder limngal 2019.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Kenya Central Bureau of Statistics|url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|title=2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census Volume I: Population by County and Sub-County|access-date=7 November 2019|archive-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113191208/https://www.knbs.or.ke/?wpdmpro=2019-kenya-population-and-housing-census-volume-i-population-by-county-and-sub-county|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|title=Nairobi Emerging Metropolitan Region Development Planning and Management Opportunities and Challenges|last1=Omwenga|first1=Mairura|date=2010-09-19|book-title=ISOCARP CONGRESS|pages=1–5|location=Nairobi|conference=46th ISOCARP Congress|access-date=17 November 2022|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117155909/https://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/1662.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Nairobi woni galle cuuɗi Parlemaa Kennya, ina jaɓɓoo ujunnaaje ujunnaaje njulaagu Kennya e sosiyeteeji e pelle winndereeje, ina jeyaa heen Porogaraam Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe ngam Taariindi (ONU Environnement) e Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi (UNON). Nairobi ko nokku tabitɗo ngam njulaagu e pinal. Bursi Nairobi (NSE) ina jeyaa e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e nder Afrik, kadi ko kañum woni bursi ɗiɗaɓo ɓurɗo ɓooyde e duunde he. Ko kañum woni bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, ina waawi waɗde 10 miliyoŋ njulaagu ñalawma kala. Ina heen kadi nokku biyeteeɗo Nairobi. Nairobi naati nder kawtal UNESCO ngam janngirde nder hitaande 2010. Nairobi sosaa ko e hitaande 1899 e juuɗe laamuuji koloñaal en to Afrik fuɗnaange Angalteer, ko nokku ɗo laana njoorndi njolnata e laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa - Kennya. Laamu nguu yiɗiino wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol maggol, nguleeki maggol, e ndiyam keewɗam.<ref name="Greenway2">Roger S. Greenway, Timothy M. Monsma, ''Cities: missions' new frontier'', (Baker Book House: 1989), p.163.</ref> Wuro ngo mawni ko yaawi haa lomtii Mombasa laamorgo leydi Keña e hitaande 1907.<ref>{{cite web|last=mombasa.go.ke|date=2018-07-28|title=History of Mombasa|url=http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151126/http://www.mombasa.go.ke/history-of-mombasa/|archive-date=26 January 2021|access-date=14 June 2019|publisher=Mombasa County}}</ref> Caggal jeytaare leydi ndii e hitaande 1963, Nairobi wonti laamorgo leydi Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|last=britannica.com|title=Nairobi History|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211213417/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|archive-date=11 December 2019|access-date=18 February 2020|publisher=www.britannica.com/}}</ref> E jamaanu puɗɗagol leydi Kennya, wuro ngo wonti nokku ɗo kafe, teewu e sisal mbaɗetee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Production|url=http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722121011/http://www.eastafricasisal.com/production/|archive-date=22 July 2020|access-date=2020-05-24|website=East Africa Sisal|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rashid|first=Mahbub|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iuh6DAAAQBAJ&q=During+Kenya%27s+colonial+period%2C+the+city+became+a+centre+for+the+colony%27s+coffee%2C+tea+and+sisal+industry&pg=PA374|title=The Geometry of Urban Layouts: A Global Comparative Study|date=2016-06-16|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-30750-3|language=en}}</ref> Laamuuji ɓaleeɓe jokkondirɗi gila e jeytaare mum en mahii, mbaɗti Nairobi wuro mawngo hannde, ngo yimɓe mum keewi, faggudu mum ina ɓeydoo mawnude.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya {{!}} History Timeline|url=https://historytimelines.co/timeline/nairobi-kenya|access-date=2025-01-19|website=History Timelines|language=en}}</ref> == Tariya == Nokku Nairobi oo ko leydi ɓuuɓndi, ndi leñol duroowo, Maasai, renndo njulaagu juutngo, Leñol Akamba, kam e leñol Kikuyu ndema.<ref name="ReferenceB">Donald B. Freeman, City of Farmers: Informal Urban Agriculture in the Open Spaces of Nairobi, Kenya, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1 Mar 1991</ref> Innde Nairobi e hoore mum ummorii ko e konngol Maasai firti ko ‘ndiyam coofɗam’, ko ɗum firti ko weendu ndiyam coofɗam ɗam rewi e nokku hee.<ref>Frédéric Landy, From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South: The Quest for Naturbanity, Springer, 20 Jul 2018, p.50</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi Uganndaa, nokku oo ko Sir George Whitehouse anndini ɗum ngam waɗde depasuuji, nokku shunting e nokku ɗo gollotooɓe Inndonaaɓe gollotooɓe e laana njoorndi mbaɗata. Whitehouse, mawɗo innjiniyaaruuji laawol laana njoorndi, yiɗiino nokku oo wonde nokku fooftorde moƴƴo sabu toowgol mum, nguleeki mum, ndiyam keewɗam e wonde mum ko adii nde ƴeeŋtugol mum tolnii e ŋoral Limuru.<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76">Anne-Marie Deisser, Mugwima Njuguna, Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya, UCL Press, 7 Oct 2016, p.76</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=United Nations University|title=Nairobi: National capital and regional hub|publisher=unu.edu|url=http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|access-date=17 June 2007|archive-date=9 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609014131/http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu26ue/uu26ue0o.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Suɓol makko ngol noon, ko ardiiɓe laamu Protectorate ɓee ñiŋi ɗum, ɓe cikki nokku oo ina yaaji no feewi, ina famɗi ndiyam, ina famɗi no feewi.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> E jamaanu ko adii koloñaal, yimɓe Kennya hannde ɓee ɓuri hoɗde ko e gure hakkunde leƴƴi mum en e pelle pinal mum en, ɗo ɓe njogii laamɓe e nder renndooji maɓɓe wonaa laamu gooto walla ardiiɗo gooto.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tignor|first1=Robert L.|title=Colonial Chiefs in Chiefless Societies|journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies|date=1971|volume=9|issue=3|pages=339–359|doi=10.1017/S0022278X00025131|jstor=159669|s2cid=154551781|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|access-date=September 28, 2020|archive-date=7 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407205902/https://www.jstor.org/stable/159669|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> E hitaande 1898, Arthur Church woni ko adii fof e yamireede diisnondirde e laylaytol wuro adanngo ngam depot laana njoorndi. Nde waɗi laabi ɗiɗi – laawol Victoria e laawol Station, laabi sappo, cuuɗi gollooɓe e nokku njulaagu Inndo.[3] Laawol ngol ari Nairobi ñalnde 30 lewru Mbooy hitaande 1899, ɓooyaani ko Nairobi lomtii Machakos, wonti gardiiɗo njuɓɓudi diiwaan oo wonande diiwaan Ukamba.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 303</ref><ref>The Eastern Africa Journal of Historical and Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Indiana University, 8 Publishers, 1996</ref> E gargol laawol laana njoorndi, Whitehouse teskiima wonde "Nairobi e hoore mum maa won e nder duuvi didi garooji zi nokku mawɗo e 6urcfo yoocfde e jooni ina woodi 6amtaare keewnde ngam nokkuuji ngam oteluuji, butelaaji e cuucfi."<ref name="Anne-Marie Deisser 2016, p.76" /> Duu6i gadani wuro ngoo noon ina wondi e cazeele malaria at leaast onetem to le<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|title=The inconvenient truth about malaria|last=Reiter|first=Paul|date=5 December 2009|work=Spectator|access-date=25 July 2016|archive-date=18 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218091605/http://www.spectator.co.uk/2009/12/the-inconvenient-truth-about-malaria/|url-status=live}}</ref>. E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1900, laawol Bazaar (hannde laawol Biashara) feewnaama haa laaɓi caggal nde ñawu nguu fuɗɗii e ɓuuɓde wuro ngo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|title=The man who saved Nairobi from the Bubonic Plague – Owaahh|date=16 April 2014|work=Owaahh|access-date=19 January 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120065811/http://owaahh.com/meet-the-man-who-saved-nairobi-from-the-bubonic-plague/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakkunde 1902 e 1910, yimɓe wuro ngo ɓeydiima gila e 5,000 haa 16,000, ɓe ɓeydii e saraaji njuɓɓudi laamu e turism, e fuɗɗoode ko e mbaadi dogdu jawdi mawndi.<ref name="Sana Aiyar 2015, p.42">Sana Aiyar, Indians in Kenya: The Politics of Diaspora, Harvard University Press, 2015, p.42</ref> E hitaande 1907, Nairobi lomtii Mombasa, wonti laamorgo leydi Afrik fuɗnaange.<ref>Claire C. Robertson, Trouble Showed the Way: Women, Men, and Trade in the Nairobi Area, 1890–1990, Indiana University Press, 1997, p.16</ref> E hitaande 1919, Nairobi hollitaama ko wuro laamorgo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Merriam-Webster, Inc|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|year=1997|page=786|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN9UQMuNQNkC&pg=PA786|isbn=0-87779-546-0}}</ref><ref>Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi Nairobi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618141956/https://www.britannica.com/place/Nairobi|date=18 June 2019}}, britannica.com, USA, accessed on July 7, 2019</ref> === Mawnugo === E hitaande 1921, Nairobi ina joginoo 24,000 hoɗɓe, heen 12,000 ko Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi ndii.<ref name="ReferenceA">Garth Andrew Myers, Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa, Syracuse University Press, 2003</ref> Duuɓi sappo garooji ɗii njiyii ɓeydagol renndooji Afriknaaɓe jeyaaɓe e leydi Nairobi, ɓe puɗɗii wonde ko ɓuri heewde e yimɓe ko adii fof.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ndee mawnugol addani caɗeele peewnugol, ɗe Thorntorn White sifotoo ñalnde 22 oktoobar 2020 to Wayback Machine e fedde mum peewnugol ko "Caɗeele Nairobi".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=A. M.|last2=Bezemer|first2=P. M.|title=The concept and planning of public native housing estates in Nairobi/Kenya, 1918- 1948.|journal=Planning Perspectives|year=2020|volume=35|issue=4|pages=609–634|doi=10.1080/02665433.2019.1602785|s2cid=150702513|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PlPer..35..609M}}</ref> == Parkeeji e Jardiiji == Nairobi ina jogii parkeeji keewɗi e nokkuuji udditiiɗi e nder wuro ngo fof. Ko heewi e wuro ngoo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe e nokkuuji daneeji keewɗi. Park ɓurɗo lollude e nder Nairobi ko nokku Uhuru. Park oo ina keeri e diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo e hoɗorde Upper Hill. Uhuru (Ndimaagu e ɗemngal Swahili) Park ko nokku ɗo haalaaji, golle, e seppooji mbaɗata e nder galleeji. Park oo ko gonnooɗo hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Daniel arap Moi, yiɗi mahde galle laamorɗo lannda mum, hono Dental Ngenndiwal Afrik Kennya, mo 62 suudu woni e nder park oo.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Standard|title=Kenyans must have a sustained campaign against land grabbing|publisher=eastandard.net|url=http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30/10/2004|access-date=25 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113092330/http://www.eastandard.net/archives/cl/hm_news/news_s.php?articleid=4451&date=30%2F10%2F2004|archive-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> Kono park oo hisnaama caggal kampaañ mo Wangari Maathai, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel jam, waɗi. Central Park ina ɓadii Uhuru Park, ina waɗi heen siftorde Jomo Kenyatta, hooreejo leydi Kennya gadano, e Monument Moi, mahaaɗo e hitaande 1988 ngam siftorde duuɓi sappo gadani ɗi hooreejo leydi ɗiɗaɓo heɓi laamu. Uhuru Park e Central Park fof ko njuɓɓudi laamu Nairobi (NMS) wondude e konu leydi Keña peewni ɗum en.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mutai|first=SEdwin|date=2022-04-03|title=Uhuru, Central parks upgrade allocated Sh1bn|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/uhuru-central-parks-upgrade-allocated-sh1bn-3770298|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> Laawol ngol fuɗɗii ko e lewru suwee 2023, ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe teeŋtuɗe, ina jeyaa heen: mbaydi ndiyam ɓuuɓɗam, nokkuuji laaɓtuɗi moƴƴinaaɗi, nokku ɗo skateboarding waɗetee, e laabi ɗi yahooɓe mbaawi yahde.<ref>{{Cite web|title=[PHOTOS] A view of the newly renovated Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-12-09-photos-a-view-of-the-newly-renovated-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Glimpse of ongoing facelift at Nairobi Uhuru, Central parks|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/glimpse-of-ongoing-facelift-at-nairobi-uhuru-central-parks|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Ina teskaa kadi nate kullon ladde, gaasuuji ɓuuɓɗi, leɗɗe ɓuuɓɗe, laabi koyɗe moƴƴinaaɗi, e nokkuuji daneeji yaajɗi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=MUTHOMI|first=KEN|date=2024-03-30|title=Sakaja reopens new-look Uhuru Park to the Public after 2-year closure for upgrade|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2024/03/sakaja-reopens-new-look-uhuru-park-to-the-public-after-2-year-closure-for-upgrade/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref> Taƴre botanique sosaa kadi, hollirnde mooɓondiral puɗi e leɗɗe keewɗe ngam hollirde ndonu puɗi keewngu leydi Kennya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPLAINER: What has changed inside newly revamped Uhuru Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-04-18-explainer-what-has-changed-inside-newly-revamped-uhuru-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-31|title=Inside the refurbished Uhuru and Central parks|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/inside-the-refurbished-uhuru-and-central-parks-3932068|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-26|title=Uhuru Park Reopens to the Public After Extensive Renovations|url=https://www.mwakilishi.com/article/kenya-news/2024-03-30/uhuru-park-reopens-to-the-public-after-extensive-renovations|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Mwakilishi.com|language=en}}</ref> Jeevanjee Gardens woni ko e nder diiwaan njulaagu hakkundeejo, ina weeɓi heɓde ɗum e koyɗe, e otooji keertiiɗi e otooji jamaa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=How Jeevanjee Gardens was planted|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/how-jeevanjee-gardens-was-planted--884882|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> E nder nokkuuji ɓurɗi daartol e ɓooyde e Nairobi, park oo sosaa ko e fuɗɗoode teeminannde 20ɓiire, ko ganndo Aasiyanke biyeteeɗo A.M. Jeevanji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-05|title=Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee: The man who built Nairobi|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/dn2/alibhai-mulla-jeevanjee-the-man-who-built-nairobi-918866|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-16|title=The story of A M Jeevanjee and his Nairobi Gardens|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/the-story-of-a-m-jeevanjee-and-his-nairobi-gardens-5044560|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> nokku ciftorgol John Michuki ina woni e maayo Nairobi, ina ummoo e ŋorol sinemaa Globe haa e ŋorol musee. Ko adii ɗuum, nde anndiranoo ko nokku biyeteeɗo Mazingira Park, nde udditaa e lewru ut 2020 e juuɗe hooreejo leydi ndii, hono Uhuru Kenyatta, caggal nde fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e laddeeji leydi Kennya, e Duɗal wiɗtooji laddeeji leydi Kennya (KEFRI), e fedde toppitiinde ko fayti e nokkuuji (NEMA) peewni nde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-15|title=City gets new green space as Michuki park is launched|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/nairobi/city-gets-new-green-space-as-michuki-park-is-launched-1919374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Uhuru officially opens the Michuki Memorial Park|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-08-14-uhuru-officially-opens-the-michuki-memorial-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Park oo inniraa ko ngam teddinde gonnooɗo jaagorde kabine John Michuki, ballitooɗo e moƴƴitingol maayo Nairobi e saraaji mum e sahaa nde o woni jaagorgal ko fayti e taariindi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-19|title=Memorial park's renewal from urban eyesore to lushness|url=https://peopledaily.digital/lifestyle/memorial-parks-renewal-from-urban-eyesore-to-lushness|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-29|title=State plans leisure park in Michuki's honour|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2012/02/state-plans-leisure-park-in-michukis-honour/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Capital News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mungai|first=Allan|title=How Michuki clean-up labour blossomed into a spectacular city park|url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/ureport/article/2001382904/how-michuki-clean-up-labour-blossomed-into-a-spectacular-city-park|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref> Nairobi Arboretum, sosaande e hitaande 1907 e juuɗe E. Batiscombe ngam wonde nokku jarriborɗo leɗɗe laddeeji, ko nokku keeriiɗo 30 ektaar, ina jaɓɓoo ko ina ɓura 350 sifaa leɗɗe, ina gollira kadi nokku ɓuuɓɗo e nokku wiɗto.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-08|title=The Arboretum, tranquil trove for study and nature sampling|url=https://peopledaily.digital/news/the-arboretum-tranquil-trove-for-study-and-nature-sampling|access-date=2025-05-27|website=People Daily|language=en}}</ref> Nde woni ko sara galle laamu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-04-16|title=A walk in the woods|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/a-walk-in-the-woods-3784682|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ladde Karura, nokku keeriiɗo mo wuro ngoo jogii, ina waɗi laabi nature, nokkuuji piknik, caalli e ɓulli ndiyam. Ko nokku moƴƴo ngam ƴeewde colli sabu nokku oo ina waɗi ko ina tolnoo e 200 colli binndaaɗi. So aɗa yaha e laabi ɗii, hoɗɓe ina mbaawi kadi yiyde ƴiye ɓowɗi e ƴiye ladde.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-07|title=An exciting tree-ticking morning in the Nairobi Arboretum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/an-exciting-tree-ticking-morning-in-the-nairobi-arboretum-3502492|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Park wuro Nairobi, woni hakkunde laawol ladde e laawol Limuru. Ko ɗum gooto e nokkuuji ɓurɗi ɓooyde e ɓurɗi yaajde e Nairobi, ko ina tolnoo e 60 ektaar, City Park ina jogii nafoore mawnde ekolosii. Ina reeni heen gooto e nokkuuji cakkitiiɗi heddiiɗi e laddeeji koɗdiiɗi ɗi meeɗiino ɓuuɓnude diiwaan oo. Park oo ko galle keewɗo nguurndam, ina heen ɓowɗi Sykes, leɗɗe colli ceertuɗe, e nguurndam leɗɗe keewɗe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-22|title=The amazing history of Nairobi's City Park|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/the-amazing-history-of-nairobi-s-city-park-4208668|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> City Park ina jogii kadi teddeendi daartol, sibu ina jaɓɓoo yanaande warkoyeeɓe wolde adunaare adannde e ɗiɗmere, ko ɗoon woni nokku ɗo yimɓe teskinaaɓe fooftortoo ko wayi no haɓantooɗo ndimaagu Pio Gama Pinto e gonnooɗo cukko hooreejo leydi Joseph Murumbi, mo jarne mum ciftorgol woni e nder nokkuuji park oo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-12-25|title=Great memories may be all that remain as City Park falls into ruin|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/great-memories-may-be-all-that-remain-as-city-park-falls-into-ruin-2129800|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visitors flock City Park after facelift|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-06-09-visitors-flock-city-park-after-facelift|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The Star|language=en}}</ref> Laawol tagoore Oloolua woni ko e ladde Oloolua to nokku Karen to Nairobi. Ko e les njiimaandi Duɗal wiɗtooji ko faati e kullon ladde (KIPRE) to leydi Kenya, ina rokka fartaŋŋeeji ngam yahde e tagoodi, ƴeewde colli, e weltaade e tagoodi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-08|title=Taking a breather in Oloolua Forest green|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/taking-a-breather-in-oloolua-forest-green-3542514|access-date=2025-05-27|website=The EastAfrican|language=en}}</ref> Ko ɓuri teeŋtude e ko njiylotoɗen ko, ko wayi no weendu naange luggiɗndu 37 meeter, ndu harbiyankooɓe Mau Mau kuutortonoo e daartol, ɓuuɓol belngol ɓuuɓngol e nder maayo Mbagathi, nokku fooftorde bammbaaɗo, e ɓuuɓol papyrus.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Oloolua nature trail in Karen just the place to rejuvenate the soul|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/oloolua-nature-trail-in-karen-just-the-place-to-rejuvenate-the-soul-1111484|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Ngong Road Forest Santuary ina waɗi laabi yah-ngartaa e dogdu ɓuuɓɗi, ɗi njahrata e leɗɗe toowɗe ɗe ƴiye ceertuɗe hoɗi, sahaa e sahaa fof ina njiyee ƴiye Sykes. Nokku oo ina waɗi kadi nokku pijirlooji e nokku pijirlooji sukaaɓe. Yanti heen, ladde Ngong Road ina jogii laabi welooji ɗi dogata les ɓuuɓri leɗɗe ɓiɗɓe leydi ndii.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-04|title=This is why we need to plan for our wild heritage in the city|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/this-is-why-we-need-to-plan-for-our-wild-heritage-in-the-city-3791602|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-02-11|title=Pole-Walking in the Ngong Road Forest Sanctuary|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/lifestyle/pole-walking-in-the-ngong-road-forest-sanctuary--4521202|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Langata ko jardiin keeriiɗo mo yimɓe fof njiɗi, tawaaɗo e laawol Langata Sud. Nokku oo ina waɗi leɗɗe keewɗe, gaasuuji jaajɗi, toppitiiɗi no moƴƴi, e maayo ngo liɗɗi keewɗi hoɗi. Jardiiji leɗɗe keertiiɗi goɗɗi ina njeyaa heen Jardiiji leɗɗe Maarifa Park, tawaaɗi to Kitisuru<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wanjugu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-02|title=Magical city garden with peacocks and 500 plants|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/gardening/magical-city-garden-with-peacocks-and-500-plants--4219374|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Business Daily|language=en}}</ref> e Jardiiji leɗɗe Senses joy s ko Enaki, woni ko e wuro Nyari, to leydi Nayrobi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wasonga|first=Molly|date=2018-11-14|title=HassConsult launches Enaki township in a sensory botanical gardens|url=https://cioafrica.co/hassconsult-launches-enaki-township-in-a-sensory-botanical-gardens/|access-date=2025-05-27|website=CIO Africa|language=en-GB}}</ref> Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina tawee e nder galle defte ngenndiije leydi Kennya. Jardiiji leɗɗe Nairobi ina yuɓɓinaa e taƴe tiitooɗe, heen taƴre fof ina teeŋtina toɓɓere keeriinde ngam hisnude. Yeru, Jardiin sukaaɓe ina teeŋtini ganndal leɗɗe e hoɗorde, ina rokka nokku ɗo hoɗɓe mbaawi janngude ko fayti e leɗɗe jeyaaɗe e leydi ndii e leɗɗe goɗɗe, tawa ina mbeltii e leɗɗe udditiiɗe e amfiteatre yaajɗo. Taƴe goɗɗe ina mbaɗi Jardiiji Huɗo, kollitooji leɗɗe nguura e yardu teeŋtuɗe, Jardiiji Huɗo baɗaaɗi e leɗɗe safaara e nguura, Jardiiji Sukkulent hollirɗi no leɗɗe mbaylirtee e nokkuuji joorɗi, Jardiiji Kaaƴe wayliima gila e nokku kaaƴe ɓooyɗo, e Jardine Siftorde ciftortooɗo peeje wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-09|title=A walk through the Nairobi Botanical Garden at the Nairobi National Museum|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/a-walk-through-the-nairobi-botanical-garden-museum-4956734|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=The botanic garden of sculptures|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/saturday-magazine/the-botanic-garden-of-sculptures--770264|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> Memorial Park 7th August ina woni e nokku ɗo bommbooji ammbasadeer Amerik yani e hitaande 1998, ina waɗi nokku keewɗo leɗɗe, ina rokka deeƴre.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-04-26|title=August 7th Memorial Park: An oasis of peace|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/august-7th-memorial-park-an-oasis-of-peace-5017902|access-date=2025-05-27|website=Daily Nation|language=en}}</ref> == Sigga == Nairobi woni wuro bursi Nairobi (NSE), gooto e bursiiji ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik. NSE anndiraama e dow laabi wonde bursi caggal leydi e Bursi Londres e hitaande 1953. Bursi oo ko bursi nayaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik to bannge njulaagu, kadi ko joyaɓo ɓurɗo mawnude to bannge njulaagu (Market Capitalization) e nder teemedere e nder teemedere PIB.<ref>{{cite web|last=Millennium IT|title=Live Trading commences at Nairobi Securities Exchange|publisher=millenniumit.com|url=http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|access-date=28 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061103152926/http://www.millenniumit.com/esp/news_7.php|archive-date=3 November 2006}}</ref> Nairobi woni gardiiɗo diiwaan oo sosiyeteeji e pelle keewɗe hakkunde leyɗeele. E hitaande 2007, Jeneral Elektrik, Young & Rubikam, Google, Koka-Kola, IBM Services, e Cisco Systems mbayli galleeji mum en to Afrik to wuro ngo.<ref>{{cite web|title=General Electric moves Africa's hub to Nairobi|publisher=bdafrica.com|url=http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|access-date=18 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151239/http://www.bdafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1291&Itemid=4744|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Press Media Wire|title=Cisco Inaugurates East African Headquarters in Nairobi|publisher=pressmediawire.com|url=http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|access-date=20 July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111164429/http://www.pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=4153|archive-date=11 January 2009}}</ref> Biro Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to Nairobi ina jaɓɓoo gardiiɗo Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe to bannge taariindi e to bannge hoɗorde. Sosiyeteeji keewɗi ɓurɗi mawnude e Afrik ina njogii njuɓɓudi mum en to Nairobi. Safaricom, sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Keñiya to bannge jawdi e ngalu ina jogii njuɓɓudi mum to Nairobi, KenGen, woni sosiyetee ɓurɗo mawnude e Afrik caggal Afrik worgo,<ref>{{cite web|title=KenGen Heads Index of Africa's Top 40 Stocks|publisher=nationmedia.com|url=http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|access-date=15 October 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015707/http://www.nationmedia.com/dailynation/nmgcontententry.asp?category_id=3&newsid=82743|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> woni ko e wuro hee. Kenya Airways, woni laana ndiwoowa nayaɓa e nder Afrik, ina huutoroo laana ndiwoowa Jomo Kenyatta to Nairobi ngam waɗde heen laana ndiwoowa. Nairobi heddaaki e fenoore FinTech nde ƴetti laamu winndere ndee kala. Nde waɗii sosiyateeji karallaagal ɗiɗi ko wayi no Craft Silicon,<ref>{{cite web|title=Craft Silicon Ltd.: Private Company Information – Bloomberg|publisher=bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|access-date=15 October 2016|archive-date=26 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026070044/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=117347963|url-status=live}}</ref> Karallaagal Kangai,<ref>{{cite web|title=KANGAI technologies (Nairobi, Kenya)|publisher=businesslist.co.ke|url=https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025225553/https://www.businesslist.co.ke/company/144443/kangai-technologies|url-status=live}}</ref> Jambo Pay<ref>{{cite web|title=The 31 Year-Old Entrepreneur Who Is Challenging PayPal in Kenya|work=forbes.com|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|access-date=14 April 2015|archive-date=17 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417023327/http://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2015/04/14/the-31-year-old-entrepreneur-who-is-challenging-paypal-in-kenya/#38643f6c4dc2|url-status=live}}</ref> e Hostraha Limited Arsiif ñalnde 16 noowammbar 2022 to masiŋ Wayback. ko ɗum wonnoo e yeeso karallaagal,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Web Hosting, Domain Registration, Reseller Hosting & VPS Hosting|url=https://www.hostraha.com/|access-date=2024-01-18|language=en-US|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119215603/https://hostraha.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> kesam-hesaagu e sarwisaaji limtooji baɗɗi e duule.<ref>{{cite web|title=SaccoTek – Your Personal Sacco Manager|publisher=saccotek.co.ke|url=https://www.startupranking.com/saccotek|access-date=31 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707102141/http://www.startupranking.com/saccotek|url-status=dead|archive-date=2017-07-07}}</ref> Geɗe maɓɓe ina kuutoree no feewi, ina njogii kadi geɗe keewɗe e nder leydi Kenya e nder keeri mum.<ref>{{cite web|title=Craft Silicon revenue hits Sh5bn on pay platform use – Business Daily|publisher=businessdailyafrica.com|url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/539550-3950398-7jd8wiz/index.html|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531220718/http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/539550-3950398-7jd8wiz/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Marsandiis peewnaazo to Nairobi ina jeyaa heen comci, mbaydiiji, kaɓirɗe mahdi, nguura mbaylaandi, njaram, e simmeeji.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nairobi, Kenya - Image of the Week - Earth Watching|url=https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/image-of-the-week/content/-/article/nairobi-kenya|website=earth.esa.int|access-date=2020-05-24|archive-date=4 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704005458/https://earth.esa.int/web/earth-watching/image-of-the-week/content/-/article/nairobi-kenya/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kenya, Nairobi Cost of Living April 2010|url=https://internationalcostofliving.com/2010/06/15/kenya-nairobi-cost-of-living-april-2010/|last=Xpatulator|date=2010-06-15|website=Expatriate International Cost of Living|language=en|access-date=2020-05-25|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806063526/https://internationalcostofliving.com/2010/06/15/kenya-nairobi-cost-of-living-april-2010/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sosiyeteeji keewɗi caggal leydi ina njogii gollorɗe e nder wuro ngoo e saraaji mum. Ina jeyaa e ɗeen: Sosiyetee Goodyear, Sosiyetee General Motors, Toyota, e Sosiyetee The Coca-Cola. Nairobi ina jogii nokku turisma mawɗo, ko nokku turisma e nokku ɗo yah-ngartaa woni.<ref>{{cite web|date=2017-05-21|title=Kenya tackles multi-modal upgrades to remain East Africa's transit hub|url=https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/along-ride-multi-modal-upgrades-are-works-maintain-country%E2%80%99s-position-east-africa%E2%80%99s-transit-hub|access-date=2021-04-26|website=Oxford Business Group|language=en|archive-date=26 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426081314/https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/along-ride-multi-modal-upgrades-are-works-maintain-country%E2%80%99s-position-east-africa%E2%80%99s-transit-hub|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Nassiji== {{reflist}} [[Category: Berniiji Kenya]] [[Category:Nairobi]] gk8c66v30znrevdr600q7u7md7h5951 0 5082 114746 92292 2025-06-30T20:55:51Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ede''' un gelle ɗer [[Diiwal Osun]], fombina-hirna, lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. E ɗun haaɗe faaro ma'ayo Osun eta haaɗe wuttuɗu laawol girgije ndiiyam gaɗa laago 180km jee (110mi) fombina-hirna ɗen e kenɗuuɗe ɗun laawi gaɗa Oshogbo, Oshogbo e Ile-ife ɗe hukumaje. paamaare geɓɓa ɗer Ede un Ede fombina e taa faaro woila. <ref>https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/about/major-towns/ede/</ref> Ebo ɗen ewoodi jangirde mawɗi tatii (3) ɗer Ede lattinɗe gelle ɗen jaunuɗe mawgu e inaaje ɗen eta ɗer fombina hirna hauti e yawwalu mawngu kollinuwa janngirde den ɗekauti e hawtirɗe jangirɗe Redeemers Ede un julɓe ke ɓurɓe ɗuuɗuki hauti haa baanoo 60% ɓe ɗuuɗirka. Ɗun’un dun sogitaama ɓaawo e nder ƙarnuji 19 wakkatire waɗugo laamu. <ref>https://saharareporters.com/2023/02/24/how-apc-senator-uses-women-groups-subtle-vote-buying-gombe</ref> == Yimɓe teskinaaɓe == Ademola ina wiyee.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dada|first=Joshua|date=2024-05-14|title=Eminent Nigerians In Osun As Adeleke Becomes Asiwaju Of Edeland|url=https://leadership.ng/eminent-nigerians-in-osun-as-adeleke-becomes-asiwaju-of-edeland/|access-date=2024-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> Munirudeen Adesola Lawal.[10](laamɗo) Siyan Oyeweso[11] Salaam bamideel.[12] Adeeji Aderemi[13] (maayɗo) Mubaarak Adekilekun Tijani[14][[File:Short oral history of Ede in Ede language by a native speaker.webm|thumb|Mutiɗa bidiyo taarihiwol gelle Ede]] {{Stub}} ==Nassiji== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Berniiji Naajeeriya]] [[Category:Gelle Osun]] [[Category:Naajeeriya]] i9hyt7fxl0ow39yt1m6l8qftk8jhu05 114747 114746 2025-06-30T20:56:14Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ede''' un gelle ɗer [[Diiwal Osun]], fombina-hirna, lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. E ɗun haaɗe faaro ma'ayo Osun eta haaɗe wuttuɗu laawol girgije ndiiyam gaɗa laago 180km jee (110mi) fombina-hirna ɗen e kenɗuuɗe ɗun laawi gaɗa Oshogbo, Oshogbo e Ile-ife ɗe hukumaje. paamaare geɓɓa ɗer Ede un Ede fombina e taa faaro woila. <ref>https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/about/major-towns/ede/</ref> Ebo ɗen ewoodi jangirde mawɗi tatii (3) ɗer Ede lattinɗe gelle ɗen jaunuɗe mawgu e inaaje ɗen eta ɗer fombina hirna hauti e yawwalu mawngu kollinuwa janngirde den ɗekauti e hawtirɗe jangirɗe Redeemers Ede un julɓe ke ɓurɓe ɗuuɗuki hauti haa baanoo 60% ɓe ɗuuɗirka. Ɗun’un dun sogitaama ɓaawo e nder ƙarnuji 19 wakkatire waɗugo laamu. <ref>https://saharareporters.com/2023/02/24/how-apc-senator-uses-women-groups-subtle-vote-buying-gombe</ref> == Yimɓe teskinaaɓe == Ademola ina wiyee.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dada|first=Joshua|date=2024-05-14|title=Eminent Nigerians In Osun As Adeleke Becomes Asiwaju Of Edeland|url=https://leadership.ng/eminent-nigerians-in-osun-as-adeleke-becomes-asiwaju-of-edeland/|access-date=2024-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> Munirudeen Adesola Lawal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=User|date=2018-03-27|title=Ooni, Alaafin, Olofa, Orangun, others light up Ede for Timi's coronation anniversary|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/ooni-alaafin-olofa-orangun-others-light-up-ede-for-timis-coronation-anniversary/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref>(laamɗo) Siyan Oyeweso[11] Salaam bamideel.[12] Adeeji Aderemi[13] (maayɗo) Mubaarak Adekilekun Tijani[14][[File:Short oral history of Ede in Ede language by a native speaker.webm|thumb|Mutiɗa bidiyo taarihiwol gelle Ede]] {{Stub}} ==Nassiji== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Berniiji Naajeeriya]] [[Category:Gelle Osun]] [[Category:Naajeeriya]] jzh24bikhqj00u46oz6ts25mymq6c8v 114748 114747 2025-06-30T20:56:34Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ede''' un gelle ɗer [[Diiwal Osun]], fombina-hirna, lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. E ɗun haaɗe faaro ma'ayo Osun eta haaɗe wuttuɗu laawol girgije ndiiyam gaɗa laago 180km jee (110mi) fombina-hirna ɗen e kenɗuuɗe ɗun laawi gaɗa Oshogbo, Oshogbo e Ile-ife ɗe hukumaje. paamaare geɓɓa ɗer Ede un Ede fombina e taa faaro woila. <ref>https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/about/major-towns/ede/</ref> Ebo ɗen ewoodi jangirde mawɗi tatii (3) ɗer Ede lattinɗe gelle ɗen jaunuɗe mawgu e inaaje ɗen eta ɗer fombina hirna hauti e yawwalu mawngu kollinuwa janngirde den ɗekauti e hawtirɗe jangirɗe Redeemers Ede un julɓe ke ɓurɓe ɗuuɗuki hauti haa baanoo 60% ɓe ɗuuɗirka. Ɗun’un dun sogitaama ɓaawo e nder ƙarnuji 19 wakkatire waɗugo laamu. <ref>https://saharareporters.com/2023/02/24/how-apc-senator-uses-women-groups-subtle-vote-buying-gombe</ref> == Yimɓe teskinaaɓe == Ademola ina wiyee.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dada|first=Joshua|date=2024-05-14|title=Eminent Nigerians In Osun As Adeleke Becomes Asiwaju Of Edeland|url=https://leadership.ng/eminent-nigerians-in-osun-as-adeleke-becomes-asiwaju-of-edeland/|access-date=2024-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> Munirudeen Adesola Lawal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=User|date=2018-03-27|title=Ooni, Alaafin, Olofa, Orangun, others light up Ede for Timi's coronation anniversary|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/ooni-alaafin-olofa-orangun-others-light-up-ede-for-timis-coronation-anniversary/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref>(laamɗo) Siyan Oyeweso<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Siyan Oyeweso, Professor of History – DAWN Commission|url=https://dawncommission.org/prof-siyan-oyeweso-professor-of-history/|access-date=2024-07-03|language=en-US}}</ref> Salaam bamideel.[12] Adeeji Aderemi[13] (maayɗo) Mubaarak Adekilekun Tijani[14][[File:Short oral history of Ede in Ede language by a native speaker.webm|thumb|Mutiɗa bidiyo taarihiwol gelle Ede]] {{Stub}} ==Nassiji== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Berniiji Naajeeriya]] [[Category:Gelle Osun]] [[Category:Naajeeriya]] pyj3uv76u4zl03zrk7tvfm50gdncc4z 114749 114748 2025-06-30T20:56:54Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ede''' un gelle ɗer [[Diiwal Osun]], fombina-hirna, lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. E ɗun haaɗe faaro ma'ayo Osun eta haaɗe wuttuɗu laawol girgije ndiiyam gaɗa laago 180km jee (110mi) fombina-hirna ɗen e kenɗuuɗe ɗun laawi gaɗa Oshogbo, Oshogbo e Ile-ife ɗe hukumaje. paamaare geɓɓa ɗer Ede un Ede fombina e taa faaro woila. <ref>https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/about/major-towns/ede/</ref> Ebo ɗen ewoodi jangirde mawɗi tatii (3) ɗer Ede lattinɗe gelle ɗen jaunuɗe mawgu e inaaje ɗen eta ɗer fombina hirna hauti e yawwalu mawngu kollinuwa janngirde den ɗekauti e hawtirɗe jangirɗe Redeemers Ede un julɓe ke ɓurɓe ɗuuɗuki hauti haa baanoo 60% ɓe ɗuuɗirka. Ɗun’un dun sogitaama ɓaawo e nder ƙarnuji 19 wakkatire waɗugo laamu. <ref>https://saharareporters.com/2023/02/24/how-apc-senator-uses-women-groups-subtle-vote-buying-gombe</ref> == Yimɓe teskinaaɓe == Ademola ina wiyee.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dada|first=Joshua|date=2024-05-14|title=Eminent Nigerians In Osun As Adeleke Becomes Asiwaju Of Edeland|url=https://leadership.ng/eminent-nigerians-in-osun-as-adeleke-becomes-asiwaju-of-edeland/|access-date=2024-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> Munirudeen Adesola Lawal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=User|date=2018-03-27|title=Ooni, Alaafin, Olofa, Orangun, others light up Ede for Timi's coronation anniversary|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/ooni-alaafin-olofa-orangun-others-light-up-ede-for-timis-coronation-anniversary/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref>(laamɗo) Siyan Oyeweso<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Siyan Oyeweso, Professor of History – DAWN Commission|url=https://dawncommission.org/prof-siyan-oyeweso-professor-of-history/|access-date=2024-07-03|language=en-US}}</ref> Salaam bamideel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/141|access-date=2024-06-09|website=nass.gov.ng}}</ref> Adeeji Aderemi[13] (maayɗo) Mubaarak Adekilekun Tijani[14][[File:Short oral history of Ede in Ede language by a native speaker.webm|thumb|Mutiɗa bidiyo taarihiwol gelle Ede]] {{Stub}} ==Nassiji== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Berniiji Naajeeriya]] [[Category:Gelle Osun]] [[Category:Naajeeriya]] f85r4novxdo9trg4lrzaljgjiyzrb4u 114750 114749 2025-06-30T20:57:13Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ede''' un gelle ɗer [[Diiwal Osun]], fombina-hirna, lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. E ɗun haaɗe faaro ma'ayo Osun eta haaɗe wuttuɗu laawol girgije ndiiyam gaɗa laago 180km jee (110mi) fombina-hirna ɗen e kenɗuuɗe ɗun laawi gaɗa Oshogbo, Oshogbo e Ile-ife ɗe hukumaje. paamaare geɓɓa ɗer Ede un Ede fombina e taa faaro woila. <ref>https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/about/major-towns/ede/</ref> Ebo ɗen ewoodi jangirde mawɗi tatii (3) ɗer Ede lattinɗe gelle ɗen jaunuɗe mawgu e inaaje ɗen eta ɗer fombina hirna hauti e yawwalu mawngu kollinuwa janngirde den ɗekauti e hawtirɗe jangirɗe Redeemers Ede un julɓe ke ɓurɓe ɗuuɗuki hauti haa baanoo 60% ɓe ɗuuɗirka. Ɗun’un dun sogitaama ɓaawo e nder ƙarnuji 19 wakkatire waɗugo laamu. <ref>https://saharareporters.com/2023/02/24/how-apc-senator-uses-women-groups-subtle-vote-buying-gombe</ref> == Yimɓe teskinaaɓe == Ademola ina wiyee.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dada|first=Joshua|date=2024-05-14|title=Eminent Nigerians In Osun As Adeleke Becomes Asiwaju Of Edeland|url=https://leadership.ng/eminent-nigerians-in-osun-as-adeleke-becomes-asiwaju-of-edeland/|access-date=2024-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> Munirudeen Adesola Lawal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=User|date=2018-03-27|title=Ooni, Alaafin, Olofa, Orangun, others light up Ede for Timi's coronation anniversary|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/ooni-alaafin-olofa-orangun-others-light-up-ede-for-timis-coronation-anniversary/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref>(laamɗo) Siyan Oyeweso<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Siyan Oyeweso, Professor of History – DAWN Commission|url=https://dawncommission.org/prof-siyan-oyeweso-professor-of-history/|access-date=2024-07-03|language=en-US}}</ref> Salaam bamideel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/141|access-date=2024-06-09|website=nass.gov.ng}}</ref> Adeeji Aderemi<ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Leadership|date=2024-01-05|title=Olofa Ina Buried In Osun Country Home, Ede|url=https://leadership.ng/olofa-ina-buried-in-osun-country-home-ede/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=[[Leadership.ng]]|language=en-US}}</ref> (maayɗo) Mubaarak Adekilekun Tijani[14][[File:Short oral history of Ede in Ede language by a native speaker.webm|thumb|Mutiɗa bidiyo taarihiwol gelle Ede]] {{Stub}} ==Nassiji== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Berniiji Naajeeriya]] [[Category:Gelle Osun]] [[Category:Naajeeriya]] dikv0w93gidf5nxdbh6eyi672jfsy3q 114751 114750 2025-06-30T20:57:35Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ede''' un gelle ɗer [[Diiwal Osun]], fombina-hirna, lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. E ɗun haaɗe faaro ma'ayo Osun eta haaɗe wuttuɗu laawol girgije ndiiyam gaɗa laago 180km jee (110mi) fombina-hirna ɗen e kenɗuuɗe ɗun laawi gaɗa Oshogbo, Oshogbo e Ile-ife ɗe hukumaje. paamaare geɓɓa ɗer Ede un Ede fombina e taa faaro woila. <ref>https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/about/major-towns/ede/</ref> Ebo ɗen ewoodi jangirde mawɗi tatii (3) ɗer Ede lattinɗe gelle ɗen jaunuɗe mawgu e inaaje ɗen eta ɗer fombina hirna hauti e yawwalu mawngu kollinuwa janngirde den ɗekauti e hawtirɗe jangirɗe Redeemers Ede un julɓe ke ɓurɓe ɗuuɗuki hauti haa baanoo 60% ɓe ɗuuɗirka. Ɗun’un dun sogitaama ɓaawo e nder ƙarnuji 19 wakkatire waɗugo laamu. <ref>https://saharareporters.com/2023/02/24/how-apc-senator-uses-women-groups-subtle-vote-buying-gombe</ref> == Yimɓe teskinaaɓe == Ademola ina wiyee.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dada|first=Joshua|date=2024-05-14|title=Eminent Nigerians In Osun As Adeleke Becomes Asiwaju Of Edeland|url=https://leadership.ng/eminent-nigerians-in-osun-as-adeleke-becomes-asiwaju-of-edeland/|access-date=2024-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> Munirudeen Adesola Lawal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=User|date=2018-03-27|title=Ooni, Alaafin, Olofa, Orangun, others light up Ede for Timi's coronation anniversary|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/ooni-alaafin-olofa-orangun-others-light-up-ede-for-timis-coronation-anniversary/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref>(laamɗo) Siyan Oyeweso<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Siyan Oyeweso, Professor of History – DAWN Commission|url=https://dawncommission.org/prof-siyan-oyeweso-professor-of-history/|access-date=2024-07-03|language=en-US}}</ref> Salaam bamideel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/141|access-date=2024-06-09|website=nass.gov.ng}}</ref> Adeeji Aderemi<ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Leadership|date=2024-01-05|title=Olofa Ina Buried In Osun Country Home, Ede|url=https://leadership.ng/olofa-ina-buried-in-osun-country-home-ede/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=[[Leadership.ng]]|language=en-US}}</ref> (maayɗo) Mubaarak Adekilekun Tijani<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ede Muslim Old Students Congratulate Tijani on Promotion – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/04/17/ede-muslim-old-students-congratulate-tijani-on-promotion/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref>[[File:Short oral history of Ede in Ede language by a native speaker.webm|thumb|Mutiɗa bidiyo taarihiwol gelle Ede]] {{Stub}} ==Nassiji== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Berniiji Naajeeriya]] [[Category:Gelle Osun]] [[Category:Naajeeriya]] aokuu9pr21ziinaebv11ejz0say7i0d 114752 114751 2025-06-30T20:58:47Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ede''' un gelle ɗer [[Diiwal Osun]], fombina-hirna, lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. E ɗun haaɗe faaro ma'ayo Osun eta haaɗe wuttuɗu laawol girgije ndiiyam gaɗa laago 180km jee (110mi) fombina-hirna ɗen e kenɗuuɗe ɗun laawi gaɗa Oshogbo, Oshogbo e Ile-ife ɗe hukumaje. paamaare geɓɓa ɗer Ede un Ede fombina e taa faaro woila. <ref>https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/about/major-towns/ede/</ref> Ebo ɗen ewoodi jangirde mawɗi tatii (3) ɗer Ede lattinɗe gelle ɗen jaunuɗe mawgu e inaaje ɗen eta ɗer fombina hirna hauti e yawwalu mawngu kollinuwa janngirde den ɗekauti e hawtirɗe jangirɗe Redeemers Ede un julɓe ke ɓurɓe ɗuuɗuki hauti haa baanoo 60% ɓe ɗuuɗirka. Ɗun’un dun sogitaama ɓaawo e nder ƙarnuji 19 wakkatire waɗugo laamu. <ref>https://saharareporters.com/2023/02/24/how-apc-senator-uses-women-groups-subtle-vote-buying-gombe</ref> == Wakati == Ede ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo e yoorngo, savanna. Nguleeki wuro ngo hitaande kala ko 29,22 °C (84,6 °F) e ko -0,24% ɓuri lesɗude e nguleeki leydi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Weather Forecast and Conditions for Ede North, Osun, Nigeria - The Weather Channel {{!}} Weather.com|url=https://weather.com/weather/today/l/Olorunda+Osun+Nigeria?canonicalCityId=0055082909b166a13b32944cc84fa2ded200dd5b25377fb115898a52067f24d7|access-date=2024-06-09|website=The Weather Channel|language=en-US}}</ref> == Yimɓe teskinaaɓe == * Ademola ina wiyee.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dada|first=Joshua|date=2024-05-14|title=Eminent Nigerians In Osun As Adeleke Becomes Asiwaju Of Edeland|url=https://leadership.ng/eminent-nigerians-in-osun-as-adeleke-becomes-asiwaju-of-edeland/|access-date=2024-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> * Munirudeen Adesola Lawal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=User|date=2018-03-27|title=Ooni, Alaafin, Olofa, Orangun, others light up Ede for Timi's coronation anniversary|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/ooni-alaafin-olofa-orangun-others-light-up-ede-for-timis-coronation-anniversary/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref>(laamɗo) * Siyan Oyeweso<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Siyan Oyeweso, Professor of History – DAWN Commission|url=https://dawncommission.org/prof-siyan-oyeweso-professor-of-history/|access-date=2024-07-03|language=en-US}}</ref> * Salaam bamideel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/141|access-date=2024-06-09|website=nass.gov.ng}}</ref> * Adeeji Aderemi<ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Leadership|date=2024-01-05|title=Olofa Ina Buried In Osun Country Home, Ede|url=https://leadership.ng/olofa-ina-buried-in-osun-country-home-ede/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=[[Leadership.ng]]|language=en-US}}</ref> (maayɗo) * Mubaarak Adekilekun Tijani<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ede Muslim Old Students Congratulate Tijani on Promotion – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/04/17/ede-muslim-old-students-congratulate-tijani-on-promotion/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> [[File:Short oral history of Ede in Ede language by a native speaker.webm|thumb|Mutiɗa bidiyo taarihiwol gelle Ede]] {{Stub}} ==Nassiji== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Berniiji Naajeeriya]] [[Category:Gelle Osun]] [[Category:Naajeeriya]] dzph903jsbdlctvlu4jdbt3gxxlsc76 114753 114752 2025-06-30T20:59:50Z De-Invincible 7477 #1Lib1RefNG 114753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ede''' un gelle ɗer [[Diiwal Osun]], fombina-hirna, lesdi [[Naajeeriya]]. E ɗun haaɗe faaro ma'ayo Osun eta haaɗe wuttuɗu laawol girgije ndiiyam gaɗa laago 180km jee (110mi) fombina-hirna ɗen e kenɗuuɗe ɗun laawi gaɗa Oshogbo, Oshogbo e Ile-ife ɗe hukumaje. paamaare geɓɓa ɗer Ede un Ede fombina e taa faaro woyla.<ref>https://www.osunstate.gov.ng/about/major-towns/ede/</ref> Ebo ɗen ewoodi jangirde mawɗi tatii (3) ɗer Ede lattinɗe gelle ɗen jaunuɗe mawgu e inaaje ɗen eta ɗer fombina hirna hauti e yawwalu mawngu kollinuwa janngirde den ɗekauti e hawtirɗe janngirɗe Redeemers Ede un julɓe ke ɓurɓe ɗuuɗuki hauti haa baanoo 60% ɓe ɗuuɗirka. Ɗun’un dun sogitaama ɓaawo e nder ƙarnuji 19 wakkatire waɗugo laamu.<ref>https://saharareporters.com/2023/02/24/how-apc-senator-uses-women-groups-subtle-vote-buying-gombe</ref> == Wakati == Ede ina jogii weeyo ɓuuɓngo e yoorngo, savanna. Nguleeki wuro ngo hitaande kala ko 29,22 °C (84,6 °F) e ko -0,24% ɓuri lesɗude e nguleeki leydi Naajeeriya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Weather Forecast and Conditions for Ede North, Osun, Nigeria - The Weather Channel {{!}} Weather.com|url=https://weather.com/weather/today/l/Olorunda+Osun+Nigeria?canonicalCityId=0055082909b166a13b32944cc84fa2ded200dd5b25377fb115898a52067f24d7|access-date=2024-06-09|website=The Weather Channel|language=en-US}}</ref> == Yimɓe teskinaaɓe == * Ademola ina wiyee.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dada|first=Joshua|date=2024-05-14|title=Eminent Nigerians In Osun As Adeleke Becomes Asiwaju Of Edeland|url=https://leadership.ng/eminent-nigerians-in-osun-as-adeleke-becomes-asiwaju-of-edeland/|access-date=2024-06-09|language=en-US}}</ref> * Munirudeen Adesola Lawal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=User|date=2018-03-27|title=Ooni, Alaafin, Olofa, Orangun, others light up Ede for Timi's coronation anniversary|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/ooni-alaafin-olofa-orangun-others-light-up-ede-for-timis-coronation-anniversary/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref>(laamɗo) * Siyan Oyeweso<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Siyan Oyeweso, Professor of History – DAWN Commission|url=https://dawncommission.org/prof-siyan-oyeweso-professor-of-history/|access-date=2024-07-03|language=en-US}}</ref> * Salaam bamideel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria|url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/141|access-date=2024-06-09|website=nass.gov.ng}}</ref> * Adeeji Aderemi<ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=Leadership|date=2024-01-05|title=Olofa Ina Buried In Osun Country Home, Ede|url=https://leadership.ng/olofa-ina-buried-in-osun-country-home-ede/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=[[Leadership.ng]]|language=en-US}}</ref> (maayɗo) * Mubaarak Adekilekun Tijani<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ede Muslim Old Students Congratulate Tijani on Promotion – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/04/17/ede-muslim-old-students-congratulate-tijani-on-promotion/|access-date=2024-06-09|website=www.thisdaylive.com}}</ref> [[File:Short oral history of Ede in Ede language by a native speaker.webm|thumb|Mutiɗa bidiyo taarihiwol gelle Ede]] {{Stub}} ==Nassiji== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Berniiji Naajeeriya]] [[Category:Gelle Osun]] [[Category:Naajeeriya]] t2u3lrpe0rxsqbdo9k3mjfgedg5mumb 3 5112 114839 113522 2025-06-30T23:41:31Z MediaWiki message delivery 3284 /* Tech News: 2025-27 */ new section 114839 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There have been some minor visual fixes in Special:Search, regarding audio player alignment and image placeholder height. Further details are in [[phab:T319230|T319230]]. * On Wikipedias, a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|preference]] has been added to hide article thumbnails in Special:Search. Full details are in [[phab:T320337|T320337]]. '''Problems''' * Last week, three wikis ({{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruwiki/en}}) had read-only access for 25 minutes. This was caused by a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320990] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-aswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-banwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-barwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bat smgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bclwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-be x oldwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-biwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bjnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bpywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-brwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bxrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304549] * Starting on Wednesday October 26, 2022, the list of mentors will be upgraded [[d:Q14339834 | at wikis where Growth mentorship is available]]. The mentorship system will continue to work as it does now. The signup process [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#add|will be replaced]], and a new management option will be provided. Also, this change simplifies [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#create|the creation of mentorship systems at Wikipedias]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314858][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310905][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured_mentor_list] * Pages with titles that start with a lower-case letter according to Unicode 11 will be renamed or deleted. There is a list of affected pages at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:Unicode 11 case map migration]]</bdi>. More information can be found at [[phab:T292552|T292552]]. * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikipedias. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#smallest-1|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|New Topic tool]] will soon get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special characters|special characters menu]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249072] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:23, 24 Yarkomaa 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23975411 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When using keyboard navigation on a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map, the focus will become more visible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315997] * In {{#special:RecentChanges}}, you can now hide the log entries for new user creations with the filter for "{{int:rcfilters-filter-newuserlogactions-label}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321155] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|maps dialog]] in VisualEditor now has some help texts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318818] * It is now possible to select the language of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor via a dropdown menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318817] * It is now possible to add a caption to a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318815] * It is now possible to hide the frame of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318813] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:16, 31 Yarkomaa 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23977539 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An updated version of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/EventCenter/Registration|Event Registration]] tool is now available for testing at [[testwiki:|testwiki]] and [[test2wiki:| test2wiki]]. The tool provides features for event organizers and participants. Your feedback is welcome at our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|project talkpage]]. More information about [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|the project]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318592] '''Problems''' * Twice last week, for about 45 minutes, some files and thumbnails failed to load and uploads failed, mostly for logged-in users. The cause is being investigated and an incident report will be available soon. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:32, 8 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24001035 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At Wikidata, an interwiki link can now point to a redirect page if certain conditions are met. This new feature is called [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Sitelinks_to_redirects|sitelinks to redirects]]. It is needed when one wiki uses one page to cover multiple concepts but another wiki uses more pages to cover the same concepts. Your [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata talk:Sitelinks to redirects|feedback on the talkpage]] of the new proposed guideline is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278962] * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikinews.org/ www.wikinews.org]</span>, <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikiversity.org/ www.wikiversity.org]</span>, and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikivoyage.org/ www.wikivoyage.org]</span> portal pages now use an automated update system. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * There will be a new link to directly "Edit template data" on Template pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316759] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis where mobile [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] are enabled ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Deployment Status|these ones]]) will soon use full CSS styling to display any templates that are placed at the top of talk pages. To adapt these “talk page boxes” for narrow mobile devices you can use media queries, such as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/tmbox.css&oldid=1097618699#L-69 this example]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312309] * Starting in January 2023, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2023 Changes Update|running the Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) every two years]]. This means that in 2024, there will be no new proposals or voting. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:55, 14 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The display of non-free media in the search bar and for article thumbnails in Special:Search has been deactivated. Further details are in [[phab:T320661|T320661]]. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-22|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-24|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 21 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A new preference, “Enable limited width mode”, has been added to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|Vector 2022 skin]]. The preference is also available as a toggle on every page if your monitor is 1600 pixels or wider. It allows for increasing the width of the page for logged-out and logged-in users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319449] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]). * Mathematical formulas shown in SVG image format will no longer have PNG fall-backs for browsers that don't support them. This is part of work to modernise the generation system. Showing only PNG versions was the default option until in February 2018. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3BGOKWJIZGL4TC4HJ22ICRU2SEPWGCR4/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311620][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186327] * On [[phab:P40224|some wikis]] that use flagged revisions, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs#Special:Contributions|a new checkbox will be added]] to Special:Contributions that enables you to see only the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]] by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321445] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change early next week at [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train#Wednesday group1 wikis] (but not Wikimedia Commons or Meta-Wiki). This change improves the accessibility of content, and makes it easier to write related CSS. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:03, 28 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24114342 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Wikisources use a tool called ProofreadPage. ProofreadPage uses OpenSeadragon which is an open source tool. The OpenSeadragon JavaScript API has been significantly re-written to support dynamically loading images. The functionality provided by the older version of the API should still work but it is no longer supported. User scripts and gadgets should migrate over to the newer version of the API. The functionality provided by the newer version of the API is [[mw:Extension:Proofread_Page/Page_viewer#JS_API|documented on MediaWiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Proofread_Page/Edit-in-Sequence] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 6 Bowte 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24151590 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|A/B test has begun]] at 15 Wikipedias for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools on mobile]]. Half of the editors on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile|mobile web site]] will have access to the {{int:discussiontools-replybutton}} tool and other features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321961] * The character <code>=</code> cannot be used in new usernames, to make usernames work better with templates. Existing usernames are not affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254045] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers|show discussion metadata below section headings]] will be inserted after these headings, not inside of them. This change improves the accessibility of discussion pages for screen reader software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314714] '''Events''' * The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210002 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! The event will be live-streamed on YouTube in the [https://www.youtube.com/user/watchmediawiki MediaWiki channel] and added to Commons afterwards. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:35, 12 Bowte 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24216570 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 9 January 2023. '''Recent changes''' * On a user's contributions page, you can filter it for edits with a tag like 'reverted'. Now, you can also filter for all edits that are not tagged like that. This was part of a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T119072] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new function has been used for gadget developers to add content underneath the title on article pages. This is considered a stable API that should work across all skins. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addSubtitle|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316830] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[test2wiki:|One of our test wikis]] is now being served from a new infrastructure powered by [[w:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] ([[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more]]). More Wikis will switch to this new infrastructure in early 2023. Please test and let us know of any issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290536] '''Problems''' * Last week, all wikis had no edit access for 9 minutes. This was caused by a database problem. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2022-12-13_sessionstore] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. * The word "{{int:discussiontools-replybutton}}" is very short in some languages, such as Arabic ("<bdi lang="ar">ردّ</bdi>"). This makes the {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} button on talk pages difficult to use. An arrow icon will be added to those languages. This will only be visible to editors who have the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] turned on. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323537] '''Future changes''' * Edits can be automatically "tagged" by the system software or the {{int:Abusefilter}} system. Those tags link to a help page about the tags. Soon they will also link to Recent Changes to let you see other edits tagged this way. This was a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301063] * The Trust & Safety tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System/Timeline and Updates|have shared new plans]] for building the Private Incident Reporting System. The system will make it easier for editors to ask for help if they are harassed or abused. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime Preview for Wikitext]] is coming out of beta as an enabled feature for every user of the 2010 Wikitext [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editor|editor]] in the week of January 9, 2023. It will be available to use via the toolbar in the 2010 Wikitext editor. The feature was the 4th most popular wish of the Community Wishlist Survey 2021. '''Events''' * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2023/Participate|register for the Wikimedia Hackathon 2023]], taking place on May 19–21 in Athens, Greece. You can also apply for a scholarship until January 14th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:00, 20 Bowte 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24258101 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use tags to filter edits in the recent changes feed or on your watchlist. You can now use tags to filter out edits you don't want to see. Previously you could only use tags to focus on the edits with those tags. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174349] * [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] shows all pages that link to a specific page. There is now a [https://wlh.toolforge.org prototype] for how to sort those pages alphabetically. You can see the discussion in the [[phab:T4306|Phabricator ticket]]. * You can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thanks]] function on your watchlist and the user contribution page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51541] * A wiki page can be moved to give it a new name. You can now get a dropdown menu with common reasons when you move a page. This is so you don't have to write the explanation every time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325257] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Matrix.org|Matrix]] is a chat tool. You can now use <code>matrix:</code> to create Matrix links on wiki pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326021] * You can filter out translations when you look at the recent changes on multilingual wikis. This didn't hide translation pages. You can now also hide subpages which are translation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233493] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime preview for wikitext]] is a tool which lets editors preview the page when they edit wikitext. It will be enabled for all users of the 2010 wikitext editor. You will find it in the editor toolbar. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 10 Siilo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24342971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in "{{int:last}}" links on page history now contain <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=prev&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi> in place of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=[revision ID]&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi>. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on <code>{{ns:1}}:</code> and <code>{{ns:3}}:</code> namespaces. These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as <code>{{ns:5}}:</code>. They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including <code>{{ns:4}}:</code> pages (e.g., at the Village Pump). You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417] *On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841] * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:11, 17 Siilo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24381020 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907] * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:46, 23 Siilo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24418874 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 31 Siilo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24455949 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433] * Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as "What links here" in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692] *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins=…</code></bdi> for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:21, 6 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24491749 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:49, 14 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24540832 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). *The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February. '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:58, 21 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24570514 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 27 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24634242 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023. * On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 6 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24676916 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:20, 13 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24700189 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:26, 21 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24732558 --> == ウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア == *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア [[User:ウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア|ウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア]] ([[User talk:ウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア|yeewtu]]) 11:51, 23 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:14, 28 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:40, 3 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 10 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:54, 18 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:03, 24 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:45, 2 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 9 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 15 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> </div> 16:55, 22 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 29 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == Translation request == Hi. sorry to bother you but I would like to ask you whether you could please translate this to Fula? <poem> Lingua Franca Nova (“Elefen”) is a language designed to be particularly simple, consistent, and easy to learn for international communications. It has a number of positive qualities: 1. It has a limited number of phonemes. It sounds similar to Italian or Spanish. 2. It is phonetically spelled. No child should have to spend years learning irregularities. 3. It has a completely regular grammar, similar to the world’s creoles. 4. It has a limited and completely regular set of productive affixes for routine word derivation. 5. It has well-defined rules for word order, in keeping with many major languages. 6. Its vocabulary is strongly rooted in modern Romance languages. These languages are themselves widespread and influential, plus they have contributed the major part of English vocabulary 7. It is designed to be naturally accepting of Latin and Greek technical neologisms, the de facto “world standard”. 8. It is designed to seem relatively “natural” to those who are familiar with Romance languages, without being any more difficult for others to learn. We hope you like Elefen! </poem> Thanks for your help. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|yeewtu]]) 06:23, 30 Duujal 2023 (UTC) :Hi, :Lingua Franca Nova ( "Elefen" ) ko ɗemngal ngal footiima wonde e laaɓal, e fotaani anndude ngam haalde e nder leyɗe goɗɗe. :1. O woodi limgal fonemji. Ɗum nanngii bana Italiyanko'en malla Espaañko. :2. Ɗu'um ɗon habbina nder ɗemngal fonetik. Ɓiɗɗo walaa doole o waɗe duuɓi ngam anndugo ko'e laaɓuɗe. :3. O woodi ɗemngal ɗam ngal ngal footi, bana ɗemmbe duuniyaaru. :4. O woodi limti e nder footi e foti fota fuɗugo ngam ɓeydaaki wolde. :5. O woodi dokke ɗe laaɓteteeɗum ngam haala wolde, bana nder ɗemɗe mawɗe ɗuuɗɗe. :6. Ɗemɗe ɗe'e ɗon ɓesda nder ɗemngal Romance jamanuure. Ɗemɗe ɗe'e e hoore maɓɓe ɗon ɓurɗe ɓurna e huutoraade, e ɓe ɗon ɓeɗina ɓural ɓurndi nder ɗemngal Farayse :7. Ɗum haani jaɓugo laaɓal latine e Greek technical neologisms, de facto "world standard" . :8. Ɗum footi bana bana ko'e ""natural"" to ɓe ɗon anndina ɗemɗe Romanse, ngam walaa ko ɓurataa ɓe ɓeydaaki anndugo. :En ɗon tammunde on ngiɗi Elefen! [[User:Msddm|Msddm]] ([[User talk:Msddm|yeewtu]]) 07:22, 30 Duujal 2023 (UTC) ::Thank you for the translation. [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|yeewtu]]) 07:40, 30 Duujal 2023 (UTC) ::Is this part ''Greek technical neologisms, de facto "world standard"'', translated? [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|yeewtu]]) 09:56, 30 Duujal 2023 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:52, 12 Korse 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:09, 19 Korse 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 26 Korse 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 3 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:54, 10 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 17 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:20, 25 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:54, 31 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 7 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 06:00, 15 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> </div> 15:25, 21 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:00, 28 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:34, 4 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 11 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 18 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 26 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:27, 3 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:39, 9 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 16 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:16, 23 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 30 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:06, 6 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:52, 13 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 21 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 27 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 4 Bowte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:12, 12 Bowte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 18 Bowte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:20, 9 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 16 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:04, 23 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 29 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 5 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:49, 13 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:37, 19 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:23, 26 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 4 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 11 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:40, 18 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 25 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 2 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 8 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 15 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:28, 22 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:34, 30 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:45, 6 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 13 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 20 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 28 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:35, 3 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:20, 10 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 17 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:33, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 1 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:32, 8 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:31, 16 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 23 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:11, 29 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 5 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 12 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:54, 20 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:34, 26 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:35, 26 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 3 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:03, 17 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 23 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:21, 30 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 7 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 14 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 21 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:56, 28 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:50, 4 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:07, 12 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:01, 19 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:42, 25 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Two new parser functions were added this week. The <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the <code>mos</code> language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]]. * Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the "Download as PDF" system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:23, 2 Bowte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted. * The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en All collection]" category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion. * The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> and <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[git:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system. * The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:16, 9 Bowte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history. * Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information. * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:25, 16 Bowte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == Sub-referencing: Request for feedback == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] Hello I’m Johannes from the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes team]]. Four months ago, we reached out to the community to discuss the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] we are currently working on. Thank you to everyone who shared their thoughts and feedback on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]] or in local village pump discussions! '''We would like to ask for your perspective again''', because we’ve made changes to the wikitext syntax of sub-referencing, based on the feedback we’ve received and because it’s the only viable way of dealing with some technical limitations. Please visit '''[[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Request for feedback]]''' to read more about our approach for ''inline'' sub-referencing and share your thoughts. Thanks for your effort! PS: You are receiving this message, because you signed-up to [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|our sub-referencing newsletter]]. If you don't want to receive further updates, just remove your name from the list.</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|yewtare]])</bdi> 15:07, 17 Bowte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up&oldid=27752385 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:42, 14 Siilo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:37, 21 Siilo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:15, 27 Siilo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:09, 4 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:12, 11 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 17 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 25 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:31, 4 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:10, 10 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:48, 17 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:43, 24 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 1 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 7 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 15 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:01, 21 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! PS: You are receiving this message, because you signed-up to [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|our sub-referencing newsletter]]. If you don't want to receive further updates, just remove your name from the list.</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 14:53, 28 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up&oldid=28415817 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 28 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == Connecting to Collaborate on Fulfulde Wikipedia Contributions == Hello My name is Gayo Bah, I am a Wikimedian from the Gambia, where I’ve been contributing to various Wikimedia projects. I’m particularly interested in developing content in the Fulfulde language. Although our Fula dialect in the Gambia is slightly different, I believe there’s a great opportunity for us to connect and learn from each other. I would love to collaborate with you and see how we can strengthen Fulfulde contributions across the Wikimedia movement. [[User:Gayobah13|Gayobah13]] ([[User talk:Gayobah13|yeewtu]]) 13:57, 29 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) :Hello Gayo Bah! :Pleased to meet you, I'm enthused by your passion about developing content in Fulfulde language. While there may be differences between the Gambian variant and other dialects, that diversity makes our contributions even more valuable. :I’d be looking forward to collaborating with you! [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 01:05, 30 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you so much 🙏 ::Please you can reach me on WhatsApp: +220 6145246 or email: gayobah13@yahoo.com. So that we communicate more. [[User:Gayobah13|Gayobah13]] ([[User talk:Gayobah13|yeewtu]]) 12:33, 30 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 6 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 12 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:13, 19 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 26 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Concern == Please am writing to submit my request to transfer my announcement to the Community Village Pump to help me secure my second term adminship in Fulfulde Wikipedia. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 18:33, 19 Korse 2025 (UTC) :Hello @[[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]], I have already opined that your adminship request be processed. The request will be moved and this is also [https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Damugal_renndo the village pump's link] I dropped to you here for your perusal in the future. Here also is the [https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Damugal_renndo#Emitakou_Ardo_yewre link] to your adminship request with my endorsement. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 06:21, 20 Korse 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] for your intervention, I look forward to have a personal conversation with you. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 09:06, 20 Korse 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> bxldm6b6nlolf1kvrbbp37ve46eo7vb 114840 114839 2025-06-30T23:42:45Z MediaWiki message delivery 3284 /* Tech News: 2025-27 */ new section 114840 wikitext text/x-wiki == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There have been some minor visual fixes in Special:Search, regarding audio player alignment and image placeholder height. Further details are in [[phab:T319230|T319230]]. * On Wikipedias, a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|preference]] has been added to hide article thumbnails in Special:Search. Full details are in [[phab:T320337|T320337]]. '''Problems''' * Last week, three wikis ({{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruwiki/en}}) had read-only access for 25 minutes. This was caused by a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320990] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-aswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-banwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-barwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bat smgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bclwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-be x oldwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-biwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bjnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bpywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-brwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bxrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304549] * Starting on Wednesday October 26, 2022, the list of mentors will be upgraded [[d:Q14339834 | at wikis where Growth mentorship is available]]. The mentorship system will continue to work as it does now. The signup process [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#add|will be replaced]], and a new management option will be provided. Also, this change simplifies [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#create|the creation of mentorship systems at Wikipedias]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314858][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310905][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured_mentor_list] * Pages with titles that start with a lower-case letter according to Unicode 11 will be renamed or deleted. There is a list of affected pages at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:Unicode 11 case map migration]]</bdi>. More information can be found at [[phab:T292552|T292552]]. * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikipedias. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#smallest-1|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|New Topic tool]] will soon get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special characters|special characters menu]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249072] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:23, 24 Yarkomaa 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23975411 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When using keyboard navigation on a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map, the focus will become more visible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315997] * In {{#special:RecentChanges}}, you can now hide the log entries for new user creations with the filter for "{{int:rcfilters-filter-newuserlogactions-label}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321155] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|maps dialog]] in VisualEditor now has some help texts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318818] * It is now possible to select the language of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor via a dropdown menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318817] * It is now possible to add a caption to a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318815] * It is now possible to hide the frame of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318813] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:16, 31 Yarkomaa 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23977539 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An updated version of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/EventCenter/Registration|Event Registration]] tool is now available for testing at [[testwiki:|testwiki]] and [[test2wiki:| test2wiki]]. The tool provides features for event organizers and participants. Your feedback is welcome at our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|project talkpage]]. More information about [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|the project]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318592] '''Problems''' * Twice last week, for about 45 minutes, some files and thumbnails failed to load and uploads failed, mostly for logged-in users. The cause is being investigated and an incident report will be available soon. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:32, 8 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24001035 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At Wikidata, an interwiki link can now point to a redirect page if certain conditions are met. This new feature is called [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Sitelinks_to_redirects|sitelinks to redirects]]. It is needed when one wiki uses one page to cover multiple concepts but another wiki uses more pages to cover the same concepts. Your [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata talk:Sitelinks to redirects|feedback on the talkpage]] of the new proposed guideline is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278962] * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikinews.org/ www.wikinews.org]</span>, <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikiversity.org/ www.wikiversity.org]</span>, and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikivoyage.org/ www.wikivoyage.org]</span> portal pages now use an automated update system. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * There will be a new link to directly "Edit template data" on Template pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316759] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis where mobile [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] are enabled ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Deployment Status|these ones]]) will soon use full CSS styling to display any templates that are placed at the top of talk pages. To adapt these “talk page boxes” for narrow mobile devices you can use media queries, such as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/tmbox.css&oldid=1097618699#L-69 this example]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312309] * Starting in January 2023, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2023 Changes Update|running the Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) every two years]]. This means that in 2024, there will be no new proposals or voting. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:55, 14 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The display of non-free media in the search bar and for article thumbnails in Special:Search has been deactivated. Further details are in [[phab:T320661|T320661]]. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-22|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-24|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 21 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A new preference, “Enable limited width mode”, has been added to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|Vector 2022 skin]]. The preference is also available as a toggle on every page if your monitor is 1600 pixels or wider. It allows for increasing the width of the page for logged-out and logged-in users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319449] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]). * Mathematical formulas shown in SVG image format will no longer have PNG fall-backs for browsers that don't support them. This is part of work to modernise the generation system. Showing only PNG versions was the default option until in February 2018. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3BGOKWJIZGL4TC4HJ22ICRU2SEPWGCR4/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311620][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186327] * On [[phab:P40224|some wikis]] that use flagged revisions, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs#Special:Contributions|a new checkbox will be added]] to Special:Contributions that enables you to see only the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]] by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321445] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change early next week at [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train#Wednesday group1 wikis] (but not Wikimedia Commons or Meta-Wiki). This change improves the accessibility of content, and makes it easier to write related CSS. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:03, 28 Jolal 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24114342 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Wikisources use a tool called ProofreadPage. ProofreadPage uses OpenSeadragon which is an open source tool. The OpenSeadragon JavaScript API has been significantly re-written to support dynamically loading images. The functionality provided by the older version of the API should still work but it is no longer supported. User scripts and gadgets should migrate over to the newer version of the API. The functionality provided by the newer version of the API is [[mw:Extension:Proofread_Page/Page_viewer#JS_API|documented on MediaWiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Proofread_Page/Edit-in-Sequence] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 6 Bowte 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24151590 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|A/B test has begun]] at 15 Wikipedias for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools on mobile]]. Half of the editors on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile|mobile web site]] will have access to the {{int:discussiontools-replybutton}} tool and other features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321961] * The character <code>=</code> cannot be used in new usernames, to make usernames work better with templates. Existing usernames are not affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254045] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers|show discussion metadata below section headings]] will be inserted after these headings, not inside of them. This change improves the accessibility of discussion pages for screen reader software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314714] '''Events''' * The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210002 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! The event will be live-streamed on YouTube in the [https://www.youtube.com/user/watchmediawiki MediaWiki channel] and added to Commons afterwards. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:35, 12 Bowte 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24216570 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 9 January 2023. '''Recent changes''' * On a user's contributions page, you can filter it for edits with a tag like 'reverted'. Now, you can also filter for all edits that are not tagged like that. This was part of a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T119072] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new function has been used for gadget developers to add content underneath the title on article pages. This is considered a stable API that should work across all skins. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addSubtitle|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316830] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[test2wiki:|One of our test wikis]] is now being served from a new infrastructure powered by [[w:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] ([[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more]]). More Wikis will switch to this new infrastructure in early 2023. Please test and let us know of any issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290536] '''Problems''' * Last week, all wikis had no edit access for 9 minutes. This was caused by a database problem. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2022-12-13_sessionstore] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. * The word "{{int:discussiontools-replybutton}}" is very short in some languages, such as Arabic ("<bdi lang="ar">ردّ</bdi>"). This makes the {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} button on talk pages difficult to use. An arrow icon will be added to those languages. This will only be visible to editors who have the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] turned on. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323537] '''Future changes''' * Edits can be automatically "tagged" by the system software or the {{int:Abusefilter}} system. Those tags link to a help page about the tags. Soon they will also link to Recent Changes to let you see other edits tagged this way. This was a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301063] * The Trust & Safety tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System/Timeline and Updates|have shared new plans]] for building the Private Incident Reporting System. The system will make it easier for editors to ask for help if they are harassed or abused. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime Preview for Wikitext]] is coming out of beta as an enabled feature for every user of the 2010 Wikitext [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editor|editor]] in the week of January 9, 2023. It will be available to use via the toolbar in the 2010 Wikitext editor. The feature was the 4th most popular wish of the Community Wishlist Survey 2021. '''Events''' * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2023/Participate|register for the Wikimedia Hackathon 2023]], taking place on May 19–21 in Athens, Greece. You can also apply for a scholarship until January 14th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:00, 20 Bowte 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24258101 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use tags to filter edits in the recent changes feed or on your watchlist. You can now use tags to filter out edits you don't want to see. Previously you could only use tags to focus on the edits with those tags. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174349] * [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] shows all pages that link to a specific page. There is now a [https://wlh.toolforge.org prototype] for how to sort those pages alphabetically. You can see the discussion in the [[phab:T4306|Phabricator ticket]]. * You can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thanks]] function on your watchlist and the user contribution page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51541] * A wiki page can be moved to give it a new name. You can now get a dropdown menu with common reasons when you move a page. This is so you don't have to write the explanation every time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325257] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Matrix.org|Matrix]] is a chat tool. You can now use <code>matrix:</code> to create Matrix links on wiki pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326021] * You can filter out translations when you look at the recent changes on multilingual wikis. This didn't hide translation pages. You can now also hide subpages which are translation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233493] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime preview for wikitext]] is a tool which lets editors preview the page when they edit wikitext. It will be enabled for all users of the 2010 wikitext editor. You will find it in the editor toolbar. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 10 Siilo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24342971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in "{{int:last}}" links on page history now contain <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=prev&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi> in place of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=[revision ID]&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi>. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on <code>{{ns:1}}:</code> and <code>{{ns:3}}:</code> namespaces. These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as <code>{{ns:5}}:</code>. They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including <code>{{ns:4}}:</code> pages (e.g., at the Village Pump). You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417] *On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841] * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:11, 17 Siilo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24381020 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907] * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:46, 23 Siilo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24418874 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 31 Siilo 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24455949 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433] * Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as "What links here" in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692] *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins=…</code></bdi> for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:21, 6 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24491749 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:49, 14 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24540832 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). *The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February. '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:58, 21 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24570514 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 27 Colte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24634242 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023. * On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 6 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24676916 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:20, 13 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24700189 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:26, 21 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24732558 --> == ウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア == *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア *Kane ya kane (1977, documentary)うあい顔アップkじゃじゃぁぷウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアアウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア [[User:ウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア|ウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア]] ([[User talk:ウアアアアアアアアアアアアアアア|yeewtu]]) 11:51, 23 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:14, 28 Mbooy 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:40, 3 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 10 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:54, 18 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:03, 24 Seeɗto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:45, 2 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 9 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 15 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> </div> 16:55, 22 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 29 Duujal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == Translation request == Hi. sorry to bother you but I would like to ask you whether you could please translate this to Fula? <poem> Lingua Franca Nova (“Elefen”) is a language designed to be particularly simple, consistent, and easy to learn for international communications. It has a number of positive qualities: 1. It has a limited number of phonemes. It sounds similar to Italian or Spanish. 2. It is phonetically spelled. No child should have to spend years learning irregularities. 3. It has a completely regular grammar, similar to the world’s creoles. 4. It has a limited and completely regular set of productive affixes for routine word derivation. 5. It has well-defined rules for word order, in keeping with many major languages. 6. Its vocabulary is strongly rooted in modern Romance languages. These languages are themselves widespread and influential, plus they have contributed the major part of English vocabulary 7. It is designed to be naturally accepting of Latin and Greek technical neologisms, the de facto “world standard”. 8. It is designed to seem relatively “natural” to those who are familiar with Romance languages, without being any more difficult for others to learn. We hope you like Elefen! </poem> Thanks for your help. --[[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|yeewtu]]) 06:23, 30 Duujal 2023 (UTC) :Hi, :Lingua Franca Nova ( "Elefen" ) ko ɗemngal ngal footiima wonde e laaɓal, e fotaani anndude ngam haalde e nder leyɗe goɗɗe. :1. O woodi limgal fonemji. Ɗum nanngii bana Italiyanko'en malla Espaañko. :2. Ɗu'um ɗon habbina nder ɗemngal fonetik. Ɓiɗɗo walaa doole o waɗe duuɓi ngam anndugo ko'e laaɓuɗe. :3. O woodi ɗemngal ɗam ngal ngal footi, bana ɗemmbe duuniyaaru. :4. O woodi limti e nder footi e foti fota fuɗugo ngam ɓeydaaki wolde. :5. O woodi dokke ɗe laaɓteteeɗum ngam haala wolde, bana nder ɗemɗe mawɗe ɗuuɗɗe. :6. Ɗemɗe ɗe'e ɗon ɓesda nder ɗemngal Romance jamanuure. Ɗemɗe ɗe'e e hoore maɓɓe ɗon ɓurɗe ɓurna e huutoraade, e ɓe ɗon ɓeɗina ɓural ɓurndi nder ɗemngal Farayse :7. Ɗum haani jaɓugo laaɓal latine e Greek technical neologisms, de facto "world standard" . :8. Ɗum footi bana bana ko'e ""natural"" to ɓe ɗon anndina ɗemɗe Romanse, ngam walaa ko ɓurataa ɓe ɓeydaaki anndugo. :En ɗon tammunde on ngiɗi Elefen! [[User:Msddm|Msddm]] ([[User talk:Msddm|yeewtu]]) 07:22, 30 Duujal 2023 (UTC) ::Thank you for the translation. [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|yeewtu]]) 07:40, 30 Duujal 2023 (UTC) ::Is this part ''Greek technical neologisms, de facto "world standard"'', translated? [[User:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[User talk:Caro de Segeda|yeewtu]]) 09:56, 30 Duujal 2023 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:52, 12 Korse 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:09, 19 Korse 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 26 Korse 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 3 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:54, 10 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 17 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:20, 25 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:54, 31 Morso 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 7 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 06:00, 15 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> </div> 15:25, 21 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:00, 28 Juko 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:34, 4 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 11 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 18 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 26 Siilto 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:27, 3 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:39, 9 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 16 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:16, 23 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 30 Yarkomaa 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:06, 6 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:52, 13 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 21 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 27 Jolal 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 4 Bowte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:12, 12 Bowte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 18 Bowte 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:20, 9 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 16 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:04, 23 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 29 Siilo 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 5 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:49, 13 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:37, 19 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:23, 26 Colte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 4 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 11 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:40, 18 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 25 Mbooy 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 2 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 8 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 15 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:28, 22 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:34, 30 Seeɗto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:45, 6 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 13 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 20 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 28 Duujal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:35, 3 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:20, 10 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 17 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:33, 24 Korse 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 1 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:32, 8 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:31, 16 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 23 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:11, 29 Morso 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 5 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 12 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:54, 20 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:34, 26 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:35, 26 Juko 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 3 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:03, 17 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 23 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:21, 30 Siilto 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 7 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 14 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 21 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:56, 28 Yarkomaa 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:50, 4 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:07, 12 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:01, 19 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:42, 25 Jolal 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Two new parser functions were added this week. The <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the <code>mos</code> language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]]. * Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the "Download as PDF" system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:23, 2 Bowte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted. * The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en All collection]" category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion. * The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> and <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[git:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system. * The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:16, 9 Bowte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history. * Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information. * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:25, 16 Bowte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == Sub-referencing: Request for feedback == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] Hello I’m Johannes from the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes team]]. Four months ago, we reached out to the community to discuss the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] we are currently working on. Thank you to everyone who shared their thoughts and feedback on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]] or in local village pump discussions! '''We would like to ask for your perspective again''', because we’ve made changes to the wikitext syntax of sub-referencing, based on the feedback we’ve received and because it’s the only viable way of dealing with some technical limitations. Please visit '''[[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Request for feedback]]''' to read more about our approach for ''inline'' sub-referencing and share your thoughts. Thanks for your effort! PS: You are receiving this message, because you signed-up to [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|our sub-referencing newsletter]]. If you don't want to receive further updates, just remove your name from the list.</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|yewtare]])</bdi> 15:07, 17 Bowte 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up&oldid=27752385 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:42, 14 Siilo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:37, 21 Siilo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:15, 27 Siilo 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:09, 4 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:12, 11 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 17 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 25 Colte 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:31, 4 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:10, 10 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:48, 17 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:43, 24 Mbooy 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 1 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 7 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 15 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:01, 21 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! PS: You are receiving this message, because you signed-up to [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|our sub-referencing newsletter]]. If you don't want to receive further updates, just remove your name from the list.</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 14:53, 28 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up&oldid=28415817 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 28 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == Connecting to Collaborate on Fulfulde Wikipedia Contributions == Hello My name is Gayo Bah, I am a Wikimedian from the Gambia, where I’ve been contributing to various Wikimedia projects. I’m particularly interested in developing content in the Fulfulde language. Although our Fula dialect in the Gambia is slightly different, I believe there’s a great opportunity for us to connect and learn from each other. I would love to collaborate with you and see how we can strengthen Fulfulde contributions across the Wikimedia movement. [[User:Gayobah13|Gayobah13]] ([[User talk:Gayobah13|yeewtu]]) 13:57, 29 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) :Hello Gayo Bah! :Pleased to meet you, I'm enthused by your passion about developing content in Fulfulde language. While there may be differences between the Gambian variant and other dialects, that diversity makes our contributions even more valuable. :I’d be looking forward to collaborating with you! [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 01:05, 30 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you so much 🙏 ::Please you can reach me on WhatsApp: +220 6145246 or email: gayobah13@yahoo.com. So that we communicate more. [[User:Gayobah13|Gayobah13]] ([[User talk:Gayobah13|yeewtu]]) 12:33, 30 Seeɗto 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 6 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 12 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:13, 19 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 26 Duujal 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == Concern == Please am writing to submit my request to transfer my announcement to the Community Village Pump to help me secure my second term adminship in Fulfulde Wikipedia. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 18:33, 19 Korse 2025 (UTC) :Hello @[[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]], I have already opined that your adminship request be processed. The request will be moved and this is also [https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Damugal_renndo the village pump's link] I dropped to you here for your perusal in the future. Here also is the [https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Damugal_renndo#Emitakou_Ardo_yewre link] to your adminship request with my endorsement. [[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] ([[User talk:De-Invincible|yeewtu]]) 06:21, 20 Korse 2025 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:De-Invincible|De-Invincible]] for your intervention, I look forward to have a personal conversation with you. [[User:Fulani215|Fulani215]] ([[User talk:Fulani215|yeewtu]]) 09:06, 20 Korse 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:42, 30 Korse 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> 4dm95bslhrivz3p92v7ix96c5ur98n5 0 28976 114634 107909 2025-06-30T18:56:36Z Fulani215 7983 Fixed typo 114634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yemisi Ransome-Kuti''' ko ɓiɗɗo gooto tan Azariah Olusegun Ransome-Kuti MBE (mo toɗɗaa hooreejo farmasiijo ngam Fedde Naajeeriya e hitaande 1956, o golli haa o woppi golle e nder Sarwiis Cafrirɗe Fedde nde. E hitaande 1951, o toɗɗaa tergal e fedde ɓurnde moƴƴude e laamɗo Angalteer George VI Empire Order.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/dec/11/fela-kuti-great-dynasties-ian-sansom|title=Great Dynasties: The Ransome-Kutis|first=Ian|last=Sansom|date=11 December 2010|access-date=14 February 2019|website=Theguardian.com}}</ref> Ko kanko kadi woni taaniiko debbo Rev. Neene makko Chief Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti ko debbo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e delegaasiyoŋ yahɗo ngam yeewtidde e sarɗiiji ndimaagu leydi maɓɓe e juuɗe Biritaan en. Ransome-Kuti ko ɓiy-yumma Fela Kuti, Olikoye Kuti, Beko Ransome-Kuti e Wole Soyinka, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel gadano e Afrik ngam binndol, yumma mum ko Ransome-Kuti. O woodi ɓiɓɓe nayo: Segun Bucknor e jom suudu makko gadano, maayɗo Kapiteen Naval Frederick Oluwole Bucknor, e tato e jom suudu makko ɗiɗaɓo, Dr Kunle Soyemi - Bola Soyemi, Seun Soyemi e Eniola Soyemi. Nde Fela Kuti, Beko Kuti e Koye Kuti fof maayi, Yemisi woni hooreejo galle Ransome-Kuti hannde.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/dec/11/fela-kuti-great-dynasties-ian-sansom|title=Great Dynasties: The Ransome-Kutis|first=Ian|last=Sansom|date=11 December 2010|access-date=14 February 2019|website=Theguardian.com}}</ref> O woppi golle hooreejo fedde nde o sosi, The Nigerian Reso of Non-Governmental Organisations (NNNGO).Fedde adannde e sifaa mum e nder leydi Naajeeriyangam hawrude e fedde renndo siwil, nde golliima gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1992 ngam waɗde ajendaaji harmonised actors e nder tataɓal imework.<ref name="Moore2011">{{cite book|author=Carlos Moore|title=Fela: This Bitch of A Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_iqFZuXyK_4C&pg=PT18|date=1 August 2011|publisher=Omnibus Press|isbn=978-0-85712-589-7|page=18}}</ref> E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990, o sosi "''Girl Watch''"; fedde nde faandaare mum ko jannginde sukaaɓe rewɓe Naajeeriya ummoriiɓe e baasal. E hitaande 2006, o toɗɗaa jaagorgal Sosiyetee Siwil to Banke Adunaajo. Yemisi Ransome-Kuti jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe charge ngam gollanaade Naajeeriya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe ɗen ngam heɓugo ko laarani ɓamtaare duuɓi ujunere nden e ittuki baasal.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/dec/11/fela-kuti-great-dynasties-ian-sansom|title=Great Dynasties: The Ransome-Kutis|first=Ian|last=Sansom|date=11 December 2010|access-date=14 February 2019|website=Theguardian.com}}</ref> [[File:CAHR_Awards.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CAHR_Awards.jpg|thumb|Yimɓe e hakke ɓii-aadama Awards (Yemisi Ransome-Kuti)]] == Njeenaaje e njeenaari == Ñalnde 28 mee 2022, Ransome-Kuti toɗɗaama e nder waɗooɓe batte ngam heɓde ganndo ɓurɗo teeŋtude e hitaande ndee. Ɗum ko fedde rewɓe jogiiɓe nafooje ɗe limtaaka, to wuro Lagos, leydi Nijeer. == Tuugnorgal == lm166peuyi070m25b2x1b342l6qebm3 114635 114634 2025-06-30T18:57:03Z Fulani215 7983 /* Himobe */Fixed typo 114635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yemisi Ransome-Kuti''' ko ɓiɗɗo gooto tan Azariah Olusegun Ransome-Kuti MBE (mo toɗɗaa hooreejo farmasiijo ngam Fedde Naajeeriya e hitaande 1956, o golli haa o woppi golle e nder Sarwiis Cafrirɗe Fedde nde. E hitaande 1951, o toɗɗaa tergal e fedde ɓurnde moƴƴude e laamɗo Angalteer George VI Empire Order.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/dec/11/fela-kuti-great-dynasties-ian-sansom|title=Great Dynasties: The Ransome-Kutis|first=Ian|last=Sansom|date=11 December 2010|access-date=14 February 2019|website=Theguardian.com}}</ref> Ko kanko kadi woni taaniiko debbo Rev. Neene makko Chief Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti ko debbo ɓurɗo mawnude e nder leydi Naajeeriya, o jeyaa ko e delegaasiyoŋ yahɗo ngam yeewtidde e sarɗiiji ndimaagu leydi maɓɓe e juuɗe Biritaan en. Ransome-Kuti ko ɓiy-yumma Fela Kuti, Olikoye Kuti, Beko Ransome-Kuti e Wole Soyinka, keɓɗo njeenaari Nobel gadano e Afrik ngam binndol, yumma mum ko Ransome-Kuti. O woodi ɓiɓɓe nayo: Segun Bucknor e jom suudu makko gadano, maayɗo Kapiteen Naval Frederick Oluwole Bucknor, e tato e jom suudu makko ɗiɗaɓo, Dr Kunle Soyemi - Bola Soyemi, Seun Soyemi e Eniola Soyemi. Nde Fela Kuti, Beko Kuti e Koye Kuti fof maayi, Yemisi woni hooreejo galle Ransome-Kuti hannde.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/dec/11/fela-kuti-great-dynasties-ian-sansom|title=Great Dynasties: The Ransome-Kutis|first=Ian|last=Sansom|date=11 December 2010|access-date=14 February 2019|website=Theguardian.com}}</ref> O woppi golle hooreejo fedde nde o sosi, The Nigerian Reso of Non-Governmental Organisations (NNNGO).Fedde adannde e sifaa mum e nder leydi Naajeeriyangam hawrude e fedde renndo siwil, nde golliima gila nde sosaa e hitaande 1992 ngam waɗde ajendaaji harmonised actors e nder tataɓal imework.<ref name="Moore2011">{{cite book|author=Carlos Moore|title=Fela: This Bitch of A Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_iqFZuXyK_4C&pg=PT18|date=1 August 2011|publisher=Omnibus Press|isbn=978-0-85712-589-7|page=18}}</ref> E fuɗɗoode kitaale 1990, o sosi "''Girl Watch''"; fedde nde faandaare mum ko jannginde sukaaɓe rewɓe Naajeeriya ummoriiɓe e baasal. E hitaande 2006, o toɗɗaa jaagorgal Sosiyetee Siwil to Banke Adunaajo. Yemisi Ransome-Kuti jeyaa ko e ardiiɓe charge ngam gollanaade Naajeeriya ngam heɓugo kuuɗe ɗen ngam heɓugo ko laarani ɓamtaare duuɓi ujunere nden e ittuki baasal.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/dec/11/fela-kuti-great-dynasties-ian-sansom|title=Great Dynasties: The Ransome-Kutis|first=Ian|last=Sansom|date=11 December 2010|access-date=14 February 2019|website=Theguardian.com}}</ref> [[File:CAHR_Awards.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CAHR_Awards.jpg|thumb|Yimɓe e hakke ɓii-aadama Awards (Yemisi Ransome-Kuti)]] == Njeenaaje e njeenaari == Ñalnde 28 mee 2022, Ransome-Kuti toɗɗaama e nder waɗooɓe batte ngam heɓde ganndo ɓurɗo teeŋtude e hitaande ndee. Ɗum ko fedde rewɓe jogiiɓe nafooje ɗe limtaaka, to wuro Lagos, leydi Nijeer. == Himobe == brg2loqy9ghp7rjcssj0n3nmxkkao3l 3 29292 114547 110829 2025-06-30T12:30:18Z Mostafameraji 11344 /* Jaɓɓama! */ Reply 114547 wikitext text/x-wiki ===Jaɓɓama!=== :Use, Jaɓɓama, e jaaraama e Wikipedia Fulfulde! Mi anndanii e [[Special:Contributions/Jaɓɓama|darnde mon]]. :Miɗo sikki on njiɗii nokku oo, on pellitii jokkude. Ko ɗeeɗoo kelle mbaaw-ɗaa heɓde nafoore: :*[[:en:Wikipedia:Five pillars|Kuule joy teeŋtuɗe Wikipedia]] :*[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|No hello waylirtee]] :*[[:en:Help:Contents|Kelle ballal]] :*[[:en:Wikipedia:Tutorial|Ekkitinol]] :*[[:en:Wikipedia:Article development|No winndirtee winndannde mawnde]] :*[[:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] :Miɗo sikki on mbeltiima e feewnude ɗoo e wonde [[Wikipedia|Wikipediyaŋke!]] Tiiɗno, siynu innde maa e kelle jeewte tawa aɗa winnda tildeeji nay (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); ɗum maa yaltin innde maa e nyalngu nguu. So aɗa yiɗi ballal, ƴeew [[:en:Wikipedia:Questions|Wikipedia:Naamne]], naamndo-ɗaa kam e hello am yeewtere, walla waɗ <code><nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki></code> e hello yeewtere maa, naamndo-ɗaa toon naamnal maa. Kadi, on njaaraama! [[User:TanvirSdqBot|WelcomeBot]] 22:47, 7 Korse 2025 (UTC) :سپاسگذارم. زمان زیادی است در ویکی انبار فعالم. به این سطح قوانین آشنا هستم. @[[User:TanvirSdqBot|TanvirSdqBot]] [[User:Mostafameraji|Mostafameraji]] ([[User talk:Mostafameraji|yeewtu]]) 12:30, 30 Korse 2025 (UTC) mzfcsre1g99jk7ex9dcht41936r1x3h 0 29811 114548 2025-06-30T14:17:59Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Salmon silmon sikkosu (標洴ーン科学 館, Shibetsu Sāmon Kagaku-kan) udditi to Shibetsu, Hokkaidō, Japon e hitaande 1991. Ko ɗum halfinaa ko ekolosii salmonids winndere ndee e to Hokkaidō pinal salmon. E hitaande 1992 ko 130 000 njillu, e hitaande 2011 limoore ndee ustii haa 50 000 neɗɗo. Ƴeew kadi Salmon resondirde Musiyum Shellfish mo Rankoshi References fm4jhfqu53zxl00l89l91lb0sa2rdni 114549 114548 2025-06-30T14:20:20Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Salmon silmon sikkosu (標洴ーン科学 館, Shibetsu Sāmon Kagaku-kan) udditi to Shibetsu, Hokkaidō, Japon e hitaande 1991. Ko ɗum halfinaa ko ekolosii salmonids winndere ndee e to Hokkaidō pinal salmon. E hitaande 1992 ko 130 000 njillu, e hitaande 2011 limoore ndee ustii haa 50 000 neɗɗo. Ƴeew kadi Salmon resondirde Musiyum Shellfish mo Rankoshi References.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nemuro.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/srk/kanko/nmrgsdb/3k-spot/3ks-salmon.htm|script-title=ja:標津サーモン科学館|trans-title=Shibetsu Salmon Science Museum|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Nemuro Subprefecture]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref> oyz6ax33qelhbzgb5266hmptdc03ypj 114550 114549 2025-06-30T14:21:35Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Salmon silmon sikkosu (標洴ーン科学 館, Shibetsu Sāmon Kagaku-kan) udditi to Shibetsu, Hokkaidō, Japon e hitaande 1991. Ko ɗum halfinaa ko ekolosii salmonids winndere ndee e to Hokkaidō pinal salmon. E hitaande 1992 ko 130 000 njillu, e hitaande 2011 limoore ndee ustii haa 50 000 neɗɗo. Ƴeew kadi Salmon resondirde Musiyum Shellfish mo Rankoshi References.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nemuro.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/srk/kanko/nmrgsdb/3k-spot/3ks-salmon.htm|script-title=ja:標津サーモン科学館|trans-title=Shibetsu Salmon Science Museum|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Nemuro Subprefecture]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shibetsutown.jp/shisetsu/art_culture/salmon/|script-title=ja:標津サーモン科学館|trans-title=Shibetsu Salmon Science Museum|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Shibetsu, Hokkaido (Nemuro)|Shibetsu Town]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref> i2rtw0rldq1zo7ejsx2dal5ngeupcrw 114551 114550 2025-06-30T14:22:34Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Salmon silmon sikkosu (標洴ーン科学 館, Shibetsu Sāmon Kagaku-kan) udditi to Shibetsu, Hokkaidō, Japon e hitaande 1991. Ko ɗum halfinaa ko ekolosii salmonids winndere ndee e to Hokkaidō pinal salmon. E hitaande 1992 ko 130 000 njillu, e hitaande 2011 limoore ndee ustii haa 50 000 neɗɗo. Ƴeew kadi Salmon resondirde Musiyum Shellfish mo Rankoshi References.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nemuro.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/ss/srk/kanko/nmrgsdb/3k-spot/3ks-salmon.htm|script-title=ja:標津サーモン科学館|trans-title=Shibetsu Salmon Science Museum|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Nemuro Subprefecture]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shibetsutown.jp/shisetsu/art_culture/salmon/|script-title=ja:標津サーモン科学館|trans-title=Shibetsu Salmon Science Museum|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Shibetsu, Hokkaido (Nemuro)|Shibetsu Town]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.asahi.com/area/hokkaido/articles/MTW20171002011580001.html|script-title=ja:標津サーモン科学館（標津町）|trans-title=Shibetsu Salmon Science Museum (Shibetsu)|work=[[Asahi Shimbun]]|date=1 October 2017|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref> k0jsypb863urc5odmgxmmnx3kys525c 0 29812 114552 2025-06-30T14:24:59Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Shiga Museum of Art (滋賀県立美術館, Shiga Kenritsu Bijutsukan) opened under the former name Museum of Modern Art, Shiga (滋賀県立近代美術館) in Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan in 1984, changing its name to broaden its scope on 1 April 2021. As of 31 March 2024, the collection numbered some 2,589 works, including a Brâncuși Bird in Space, paintings by Rothko and Yukihiko Yasuda, and art brut. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shiga Museum of Art. Ishiyama-dera Miho Museum References kwowfslj24rmu287wjltt20a6f2emfe 114553 114552 2025-06-30T14:27:14Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Shiga Museum of Art (滋賀県立美術館, Shiga Kenritsu Bijutsukan) opened under the former name Museum of Modern Art, Shiga (滋賀県立近代美術館) in Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan in 1984, changing its name to broaden its scope on 1 April 2021. As of 31 March 2024, the collection numbered some 2,589 works, including a Brâncuși Bird in Space, paintings by Rothko and Yukihiko Yasuda, and art brut. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shiga Museum of Art. Ishiyama-dera Miho Museum References<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=https://www.shigamuseum.jp/en/about/overview/history/|title=History|publisher=Shiga Museum of Art|access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref> b4pcw6459dr63iu7xvefo8gmp59vfn5 114554 114553 2025-06-30T14:28:19Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Shiga Museum of Art (滋賀県立美術館, Shiga Kenritsu Bijutsukan) opened under the former name Museum of Modern Art, Shiga (滋賀県立近代美術館) in Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan in 1984, changing its name to broaden its scope on 1 April 2021. As of 31 March 2024, the collection numbered some 2,589 works, including a Brâncuși Bird in Space, paintings by Rothko and Yukihiko Yasuda, and art brut. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shiga Museum of Art. Ishiyama-dera Miho Museum References<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=https://www.shigamuseum.jp/en/about/overview/history/|title=History|publisher=Shiga Museum of Art|access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref>.<ref name="Shiga">{{cite web|url=https://www.pref.shiga.lg.jp/file/attachment/5466422.pdf|script-title=ja:滋賀県立美術館 開館 40 周年|trans-title=Shiga Museum of Art, 40th Anniversary of Inception|language=ja|publisher=[[Shiga Prefecture]]|date=16 April 2024|access-date=23 February 2025|page=3}}</ref> sq6ehiys9haii6w9wjn02h97wk3728m 114555 114554 2025-06-30T14:29:39Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Shiga Museum of Art (滋賀県立美術館, Shiga Kenritsu Bijutsukan) opened under the former name Museum of Modern Art, Shiga (滋賀県立近代美術館) in Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan in 1984, changing its name to broaden its scope on 1 April 2021. As of 31 March 2024, the collection numbered some 2,589 works, including a Brâncuși Bird in Space, paintings by Rothko and Yukihiko Yasuda, and art brut. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shiga Museum of Art. Ishiyama-dera Miho Museum References<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=https://www.shigamuseum.jp/en/about/overview/history/|title=History|publisher=Shiga Museum of Art|access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref>.<ref name="Shiga">{{cite web|url=https://www.pref.shiga.lg.jp/file/attachment/5466422.pdf|script-title=ja:滋賀県立美術館 開館 40 周年|trans-title=Shiga Museum of Art, 40th Anniversary of Inception|language=ja|publisher=[[Shiga Prefecture]]|date=16 April 2024|access-date=23 February 2025|page=3}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shigamuseum.jp/en/collection/|title=Introduction to the Collection|publisher=Shiga Museum of Art|access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref> j8k2ob3zvkarl04z8usnu3ufil64id6 0 29813 114556 2025-06-30T14:32:42Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Shikoku Mura (四国村) is an open-air architectural park in Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. It houses over twenty buildings from around Shikoku dating from the Edo period through to the Taishō period, four of which have been designated Important Cultural Properties. The park opened in 1976 and covers an area of approximately fifty thousand square metres. Important Cultural Properties Former Kōno residence (旧河野家住宅) (18th Century. Former Shimoki residence (旧下木家住宅) (1781) Sugar cane processing facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の砂糖製造用具と砂糖しめ小屋) (1909) Soy sauce production facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の醤油醸造用具と醤油蔵・麹室) (Meiji period) Gallery An exhibition space designed by Tadao Ando opened in 2002. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shikokumura. Meiji Mura Minka Japanese architecture References cwo0tks101pi8x1lk3n39uw10znbqvb 114557 114556 2025-06-30T14:35:40Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Shikoku Mura (四国村) is an open-air architectural park in Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. It houses over twenty buildings from around Shikoku dating from the Edo period through to the Taishō period, four of which have been designated Important Cultural Properties. The park opened in 1976 and covers an area of approximately fifty thousand square metres. Important Cultural Properties Former Kōno residence (旧河野家住宅) (18th Century. Former Shimoki residence (旧下木家住宅) (1781) Sugar cane processing facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の砂糖製造用具と砂糖しめ小屋) (1909) Soy sauce production facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の醤油醸造用具と醤油蔵・麹室) (Meiji period) Gallery An exhibition space designed by Tadao Ando opened in 2002. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shikokumura. Meiji Mura Minka Japanese architecture References.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/index.html|title=Introduction|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref> qj1slzp13ewe5tj5wjamavxhdry0356 114558 114557 2025-06-30T14:36:44Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Shikoku Mura (四国村) is an open-air architectural park in Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. It houses over twenty buildings from around Shikoku dating from the Edo period through to the Taishō period, four of which have been designated Important Cultural Properties. The park opened in 1976 and covers an area of approximately fifty thousand square metres. Important Cultural Properties Former Kōno residence (旧河野家住宅) (18th Century. Former Shimoki residence (旧下木家住宅) (1781) Sugar cane processing facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の砂糖製造用具と砂糖しめ小屋) (1909) Soy sauce production facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の醤油醸造用具と醤油蔵・麹室) (Meiji period) Gallery An exhibition space designed by Tadao Ando opened in 2002. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shikokumura. Meiji Mura Minka Japanese architecture References.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/index.html|title=Introduction|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/map.html|title=Map|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref> 005msmfwt7i2gs3vdzsyomuofgchfut 114559 114558 2025-06-30T14:38:01Z Ilya Discuss 10103 # 114559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Shikoku Mura (四国村) is an open-air architectural park in Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. It houses over twenty buildings from around Shikoku dating from the Edo period through to the Taishō period, four of which have been designated Important Cultural Properties. The park opened in 1976 and covers an area of approximately fifty thousand square metres. Important Cultural Properties Former Kōno residence (旧河野家住宅) (18th Century. Former Shimoki residence (旧下木家住宅) (1781) Sugar cane processing facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の砂糖製造用具と砂糖しめ小屋) (1909) Soy sauce production facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の醤油醸造用具と醤油蔵・麹室) (Meiji period) Gallery An exhibition space designed by Tadao Ando opened in 2002. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shikokumura. Meiji Mura Minka Japanese architecture References.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/index.html|title=Introduction|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/map.html|title=Map|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp/english/sightseeing/plays/shikoku-mura.html|title=Shikoku Mura|publisher=[[Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu City]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref> l3td288trd7hqr7svj27hxmkf3gynjr 114560 114559 2025-06-30T14:38:58Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Shikoku Mura (四国村) is an open-air architectural park in Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. It houses over twenty buildings from around Shikoku dating from the Edo period through to the Taishō period, four of which have been designated Important Cultural Properties. The park opened in 1976 and covers an area of approximately fifty thousand square metres. Important Cultural Properties Former Kōno residence (旧河野家住宅) (18th Century. Former Shimoki residence (旧下木家住宅) (1781) Sugar cane processing facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の砂糖製造用具と砂糖しめ小屋) (1909) Soy sauce production facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の醤油醸造用具と醤油蔵・麹室) (Meiji period) Gallery An exhibition space designed by Tadao Ando opened in 2002. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shikokumura. Meiji Mura Minka Japanese architecture References.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/index.html|title=Introduction|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/map.html|title=Map|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp/english/sightseeing/plays/shikoku-mura.html|title=Shikoku Mura|publisher=[[Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu City]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/102/3283|title=Database of Registered National Cultural Properties|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref> 4zy7h0y20rzrzwkfx8ctygvdk4hy4pm 114561 114560 2025-06-30T14:40:11Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Shikoku Mura (四国村) is an open-air architectural park in Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. It houses over twenty buildings from around Shikoku dating from the Edo period through to the Taishō period, four of which have been designated Important Cultural Properties. The park opened in 1976 and covers an area of approximately fifty thousand square metres. Important Cultural Properties Former Kōno residence (旧河野家住宅) (18th Century. Former Shimoki residence (旧下木家住宅) (1781) Sugar cane processing facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の砂糖製造用具と砂糖しめ小屋) (1909) Soy sauce production facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の醤油醸造用具と醤油蔵・麹室) (Meiji period) Gallery An exhibition space designed by Tadao Ando opened in 2002. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shikokumura. Meiji Mura Minka Japanese architecture References.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/index.html|title=Introduction|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/map.html|title=Map|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp/english/sightseeing/plays/shikoku-mura.html|title=Shikoku Mura|publisher=[[Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu City]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/102/3283|title=Database of Registered National Cultural Properties|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/102/3282|title=Database of Registered National Cultural Properties|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref> kposuj6siuuhm4vdg5f37oaj6z3r7zp 114562 114561 2025-06-30T14:41:55Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Shikoku Mura (四国村) is an open-air architectural park in Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. It houses over twenty buildings from around Shikoku dating from the Edo period through to the Taishō period, four of which have been designated Important Cultural Properties. The park opened in 1976 and covers an area of approximately fifty thousand square metres. Important Cultural Properties Former Kōno residence (旧河野家住宅) (18th Century. Former Shimoki residence (旧下木家住宅) (1781) Sugar cane processing facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の砂糖製造用具と砂糖しめ小屋) (1909) Soy sauce production facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の醤油醸造用具と醤油蔵・麹室) (Meiji period) Gallery An exhibition space designed by Tadao Ando opened in 2002. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shikokumura. Meiji Mura Minka Japanese architecture References.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/index.html|title=Introduction|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/map.html|title=Map|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp/english/sightseeing/plays/shikoku-mura.html|title=Shikoku Mura|publisher=[[Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu City]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/102/3283|title=Database of Registered National Cultural Properties|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/102/3282|title=Database of Registered National Cultural Properties|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/301/167|title=Database of Registered National Cultural Properties|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref> 08qhelnnj1q9ywasqlqpyr0g9u9xpll 114563 114562 2025-06-30T14:43:12Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Shikoku Mura (四国村) is an open-air architectural park in Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. It houses over twenty buildings from around Shikoku dating from the Edo period through to the Taishō period, four of which have been designated Important Cultural Properties. The park opened in 1976 and covers an area of approximately fifty thousand square metres. Important Cultural Properties Former Kōno residence (旧河野家住宅) (18th Century. Former Shimoki residence (旧下木家住宅) (1781) Sugar cane processing facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の砂糖製造用具と砂糖しめ小屋) (1909) Soy sauce production facility (讃岐及び周辺地域の醤油醸造用具と醤油蔵・麹室) (Meiji period) Gallery An exhibition space designed by Tadao Ando opened in 2002. See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shikokumura. Meiji Mura Minka Japanese architecture References.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/index.html|title=Introduction|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/map.html|title=Map|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp/english/sightseeing/plays/shikoku-mura.html|title=Shikoku Mura|publisher=[[Takamatsu, Kagawa|Takamatsu City]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/102/3283|title=Database of Registered National Cultural Properties|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/102/3282|title=Database of Registered National Cultural Properties|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/301/167|title=Database of Registered National Cultural Properties|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shikokumura.or.jp/intro/intro_05.html|title=Shikoku Mura Gallery|publisher=Shikoku Mura|accessdate=6 April 2011}}</ref> 1tzcwpuf3b8sac09e3t1oimjq8n1ft6 0 29814 114564 2025-06-30T14:45:38Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko Kiyonori Kikutake feewni ɗum e hitaande 1999 ekranuuji follaaɗi e nate ɗe Korot, Sisley, Monet, e Gauguin mbaɗi. Ƴeew kadi Musium Shimane mo Izumo ɓooyɗo Tuugnorgal 2cp43eglod1071fl6jgrvqi58pk1r01 114565 114564 2025-06-30T14:47:52Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko Kiyonori Kikutake feewni ɗum e hitaande 1999 ekranuuji follaaɗi e nate ɗe Korot, Sisley, Monet, e Gauguin mbaɗi. Ƴeew kadi Musium Shimane mo Izumo ɓooyɗo Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kikutake.co.jp/e/top/top.html|title=Projects - Museum|publisher=[[Kiyonori Kikutake|Kikutake Kiyonori]]|accessdate=31 January 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119114730/http://www.kikutake.co.jp/e/top/top.html|archivedate=19 January 2012}}</ref> jpy3dxjfo5mx1ix01nf435i8f1knuw7 114566 114565 2025-06-30T14:49:03Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko Kiyonori Kikutake feewni ɗum e hitaande 1999 ekranuuji follaaɗi e nate ɗe Korot, Sisley, Monet, e Gauguin mbaɗi. Ƴeew kadi Musium Shimane mo Izumo ɓooyɗo Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kikutake.co.jp/e/top/top.html|title=Projects - Museum|publisher=[[Kiyonori Kikutake|Kikutake Kiyonori]]|accessdate=31 January 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119114730/http://www.kikutake.co.jp/e/top/top.html|archivedate=19 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.pref.shimane.lg.jp/contents/sam/en/coll/coll01.html|title=Museum Collection|publisher=Shimane Art Museum|accessdate=31 January 2012}}</ref> turfwb6u3p20fdn2ntt61het4l84j67 0 29815 114567 2025-06-30T14:52:05Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Muuseum Shimane mo Izumo ɓooyɗo (Izumo) udditaama to Izumo, e nder diiwaan Shimane, Japon e hitaande 2007. Desin oo, ko mahoowo biyeteeɗo Fumihiko Maki waɗi, ina tuugnii e njamndi tatara ndi nafoore mum woni e nokku hee ; mahngo ngoo joofi ko e lewru marse 2006. Koolol duumingol ngol ina teskaa e Izumo-taisha, Izumo Fudoki, e geɗe njamndiije ɗe jamaanu Kofun - ina heen Ngalu Ngenndi ummoraade e nokku Kojindani - kam e daartol nguurndam Shimane. Ƴeew kadi Izumo-taaya Doggol ngalu leydi Japon (kaɓirɗe arkewolosi) Tuugnorgal o7cdou67xbrtdk05l1rz5yhxhtauum6 114568 114567 2025-06-30T14:53:56Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Muuseum Shimane mo Izumo ɓooyɗo (Izumo) udditaama to Izumo, e nder diiwaan Shimane, Japon e hitaande 2007. Desin oo, ko mahoowo biyeteeɗo Fumihiko Maki waɗi, ina tuugnii e njamndi tatara ndi nafoore mum woni e nokku hee ; mahngo ngoo joofi ko e lewru marse 2006. Koolol duumingol ngol ina teskaa e Izumo-taisha, Izumo Fudoki, e geɗe njamndiije ɗe jamaanu Kofun - ina heen Ngalu Ngenndi ummoraade e nokku Kojindani - kam e daartol nguurndam Shimane. Ƴeew kadi Izumo-taaya Doggol ngalu leydi Japon (kaɓirɗe arkewolosi) Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maki-and-associates.co.jp/e/project/41.html|title=Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo|publisher=Maki and Associates|accessdate=25 January 2012}}</ref> qepmm5ng74ttyrqfristie0xyuqzxem 114569 114568 2025-06-30T14:55:03Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Muuseum Shimane mo Izumo ɓooyɗo (Izumo) udditaama to Izumo, e nder diiwaan Shimane, Japon e hitaande 2007. Desin oo, ko mahoowo biyeteeɗo Fumihiko Maki waɗi, ina tuugnii e njamndi tatara ndi nafoore mum woni e nokku hee ; mahngo ngoo joofi ko e lewru marse 2006. Koolol duumingol ngol ina teskaa e Izumo-taisha, Izumo Fudoki, e geɗe njamndiije ɗe jamaanu Kofun - ina heen Ngalu Ngenndi ummoraade e nokku Kojindani - kam e daartol nguurndam Shimane. Ƴeew kadi Izumo-taaya Doggol ngalu leydi Japon (kaɓirɗe arkewolosi) Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maki-and-associates.co.jp/e/project/41.html|title=Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo|publisher=Maki and Associates|accessdate=25 January 2012}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.izm.ed.jp/english/tenji.html|title=Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo - exhibition|publisher=Shimane Museum of Ancient Izumo|accessdate=25 January 2012}}</ref> mluhef6wyrvmoktrm58jby4z3d5adis 0 29816 114570 2025-06-30T14:57:42Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko ɗoon e hitaande 1995, udditaa to Shimonoseki, to diiwaan Yamaguchi, to leydi Japon Wakere. Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji daartol Japon (Yamaguchi) Musiyum e nder diiwaan Yamaguchi Tuugnorgal i2c6k53hmy1jvu4nhbd4zi7fayetpah 114571 114570 2025-06-30T14:59:31Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko ɗoon e hitaande 1995, udditaa to Shimonoseki, to diiwaan Yamaguchi, to leydi Japon Wakere. Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji daartol Japon (Yamaguchi) Musiyum e nder diiwaan Yamaguchi Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koukohaku.shimonoseki.yamaguchi.jp/|script-title=ja:下関市立考古博物館|trans-title=Shimonoseki City Archaeological Museum|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Shimonoseki|Shimonoseki City]]|accessdate=12 July 2012}}</ref> mp4fp1p1l9428b6ed062swodq9ljvc6 114572 114571 2025-06-30T15:08:38Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko ɗoon e hitaande 1995, udditaa to Shimonoseki, to diiwaan Yamaguchi, to leydi Japon Wakere. Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji daartol Japon (Yamaguchi) Musiyum e nder diiwaan Yamaguchi Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koukohaku.shimonoseki.yamaguchi.jp/|script-title=ja:下関市立考古博物館|trans-title=Shimonoseki City Archaeological Museum|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Shimonoseki|Shimonoseki City]]|accessdate=12 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bunkazai.ysn21.jp/bunkazai/detail.asp?mid=10029&pid=bl|script-title=ja:綾羅木郷遺跡|trans-title=Ayaragigō Site|language=Japanese|publisher=Yamaguchi Prefectural Board of Education|accessdate=12 July 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901135058/http://bunkazai.ysn21.jp/bunkazai/detail.asp?mid=10029&pid=bl|archivedate=1 September 2012}}</ref> o7rcn5rbvtnrvanftkry6zn7tvz35pl 0 29817 114573 2025-06-30T15:11:47Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Rāmen Shin-Yokohama (新横浜ラーメンン博物館, Shin-Yokohama Rāmen Hakubutsukan) ina waɗi kollirɗe leslese ko faati e daartol ramen, e nokku ñaamde mo ramen woni e dow mum. Musiyum oo udditaa ko e hitaande 1994, o woni ko e diiwaan Shin-Yokohama, to wuro wiyeteengo Kōhoku-ku, to leydi Japon. Panneeji kollitooji daartol les Toɓɓere leydi musee oo ina rokka daartol ramen laaɓtungol, ina waɗi kollirɗe kaɓirɗe ramen ɓooyɗe, ina hollita keewal noodles, suukara, toppings e bowls kuutorteeɗi e nder Japon fof, ina hollita no noodles peewnirtee. Tonkotsu ramen e laay ɓaleejo e cili ummoraade e ramen ina darii to musee Ñaawirde nguura lesre ndee ko suukara noodle ramen Japonnaajo, ina waɗi kadi fijirde tokosere Tokiyoo no feeñiri e hitaande 1958, hitaande nde noodle instant sosaa. E nder suudu ñaamdu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele restoraaji ramen lolluɗi gila Kyushu haa Hokkaido. Doggol ngol ina waɗi Ide Shoten, Shinasobaya, Keyaki, Rushanhai, Hachiya, Fukuchan e Komurasaki. E hitaande 2013, ñaawirdu nguura ɓeydii restoraan Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Ikemen Hollywood e nder restoraanuuji maɓɓe, gila ndeen ɓe pelliti uddude calɗi ɗii e lewru suwee 2014. Ƴeew kadi icon Portal nguura Portal daartol portal Japon bannge Koppi Noodles Musium Yokohama Doggol musiibaaji nguura e njaram Laabi Ramen Tuugnorgal l6ktz5anyoxqvlbigrxbkh6m5ierw4m 114574 114573 2025-06-30T15:14:42Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Rāmen Shin-Yokohama (新横浜ラーメンン博物館, Shin-Yokohama Rāmen Hakubutsukan) ina waɗi kollirɗe leslese ko faati e daartol ramen, e nokku ñaamde mo ramen woni e dow mum. Musiyum oo udditaa ko e hitaande 1994, o woni ko e diiwaan Shin-Yokohama, to wuro wiyeteengo Kōhoku-ku, to leydi Japon. Panneeji kollitooji daartol les Toɓɓere leydi musee oo ina rokka daartol ramen laaɓtungol, ina waɗi kollirɗe kaɓirɗe ramen ɓooyɗe, ina hollita keewal noodles, suukara, toppings e bowls kuutorteeɗi e nder Japon fof, ina hollita no noodles peewnirtee. Tonkotsu ramen e laay ɓaleejo e cili ummoraade e ramen ina darii to musee Ñaawirde nguura lesre ndee ko suukara noodle ramen Japonnaajo, ina waɗi kadi fijirde tokosere Tokiyoo no feeñiri e hitaande 1958, hitaande nde noodle instant sosaa. E nder suudu ñaamdu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele restoraaji ramen lolluɗi gila Kyushu haa Hokkaido. Doggol ngol ina waɗi Ide Shoten, Shinasobaya, Keyaki, Rushanhai, Hachiya, Fukuchan e Komurasaki. E hitaande 2013, ñaawirdu nguura ɓeydii restoraan Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Ikemen Hollywood e nder restoraanuuji maɓɓe, gila ndeen ɓe pelliti uddude calɗi ɗii e lewru suwee 2014. Ƴeew kadi icon Portal nguura Portal daartol portal Japon bannge Koppi Noodles Musium Yokohama Doggol musiibaaji nguura e njaram Laabi Ramen Tuugnorgal.<ref name="obscura">{{cite web|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/shin-yokohama-ramen-museum|title=Shin-Yokohama Ramen Museum|publisher=[[Atlas Obscura]]|date=20 June 2012|access-date=15 November 2024}}</ref> ki6pvlzt80pqoonzamoq465bo89vpk3 114575 114574 2025-06-30T15:15:47Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Rāmen Shin-Yokohama (新横浜ラーメンン博物館, Shin-Yokohama Rāmen Hakubutsukan) ina waɗi kollirɗe leslese ko faati e daartol ramen, e nokku ñaamde mo ramen woni e dow mum. Musiyum oo udditaa ko e hitaande 1994, o woni ko e diiwaan Shin-Yokohama, to wuro wiyeteengo Kōhoku-ku, to leydi Japon. Panneeji kollitooji daartol les Toɓɓere leydi musee oo ina rokka daartol ramen laaɓtungol, ina waɗi kollirɗe kaɓirɗe ramen ɓooyɗe, ina hollita keewal noodles, suukara, toppings e bowls kuutorteeɗi e nder Japon fof, ina hollita no noodles peewnirtee. Tonkotsu ramen e laay ɓaleejo e cili ummoraade e ramen ina darii to musee Ñaawirde nguura lesre ndee ko suukara noodle ramen Japonnaajo, ina waɗi kadi fijirde tokosere Tokiyoo no feeñiri e hitaande 1958, hitaande nde noodle instant sosaa. E nder suudu ñaamdu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele restoraaji ramen lolluɗi gila Kyushu haa Hokkaido. Doggol ngol ina waɗi Ide Shoten, Shinasobaya, Keyaki, Rushanhai, Hachiya, Fukuchan e Komurasaki. E hitaande 2013, ñaawirdu nguura ɓeydii restoraan Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Ikemen Hollywood e nder restoraanuuji maɓɓe, gila ndeen ɓe pelliti uddude calɗi ɗii e lewru suwee 2014. Ƴeew kadi icon Portal nguura Portal daartol portal Japon bannge Koppi Noodles Musium Yokohama Doggol musiibaaji nguura e njaram Laabi Ramen Tuugnorgal.<ref name="obscura">{{cite web|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/shin-yokohama-ramen-museum|title=Shin-Yokohama Ramen Museum|publisher=[[Atlas Obscura]]|date=20 June 2012|access-date=15 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/japan/south-of-tokyo/yokohama/attractions/shin-yokohama-ramen-museum/a/poi-sig/1235860/356816|title=Shin-Yokohama Ramen Museum|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|access-date=15 November 2024}}</ref> n72oes1wvlill27hj03sxqsiokzjfti 114576 114575 2025-06-30T15:17:21Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Rāmen Shin-Yokohama (新横浜ラーメンン博物館, Shin-Yokohama Rāmen Hakubutsukan) ina waɗi kollirɗe leslese ko faati e daartol ramen, e nokku ñaamde mo ramen woni e dow mum. Musiyum oo udditaa ko e hitaande 1994, o woni ko e diiwaan Shin-Yokohama, to wuro wiyeteengo Kōhoku-ku, to leydi Japon. Panneeji kollitooji daartol les Toɓɓere leydi musee oo ina rokka daartol ramen laaɓtungol, ina waɗi kollirɗe kaɓirɗe ramen ɓooyɗe, ina hollita keewal noodles, suukara, toppings e bowls kuutorteeɗi e nder Japon fof, ina hollita no noodles peewnirtee. Tonkotsu ramen e laay ɓaleejo e cili ummoraade e ramen ina darii to musee Ñaawirde nguura lesre ndee ko suukara noodle ramen Japonnaajo, ina waɗi kadi fijirde tokosere Tokiyoo no feeñiri e hitaande 1958, hitaande nde noodle instant sosaa. E nder suudu ñaamdu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele restoraaji ramen lolluɗi gila Kyushu haa Hokkaido. Doggol ngol ina waɗi Ide Shoten, Shinasobaya, Keyaki, Rushanhai, Hachiya, Fukuchan e Komurasaki. E hitaande 2013, ñaawirdu nguura ɓeydii restoraan Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Ikemen Hollywood e nder restoraanuuji maɓɓe, gila ndeen ɓe pelliti uddude calɗi ɗii e lewru suwee 2014. Ƴeew kadi icon Portal nguura Portal daartol portal Japon bannge Koppi Noodles Musium Yokohama Doggol musiibaaji nguura e njaram Laabi Ramen Tuugnorgal.<ref name="obscura">{{cite web|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/shin-yokohama-ramen-museum|title=Shin-Yokohama Ramen Museum|publisher=[[Atlas Obscura]]|date=20 June 2012|access-date=15 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/japan/south-of-tokyo/yokohama/attractions/shin-yokohama-ramen-museum/a/poi-sig/1235860/356816|title=Shin-Yokohama Ramen Museum|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|access-date=15 November 2024}}</ref>.<ref name="obscura2" /><ref name="japan-guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3202.html|title=Ramen Museum|publisher=japan-guide.com|access-date=2025-01-07}}</ref> 2f4rfpals9k0vobwtww2tqjxqwpdmrl 114577 114576 2025-06-30T15:18:49Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Rāmen Shin-Yokohama (新横浜ラーメンン博物館, Shin-Yokohama Rāmen Hakubutsukan) ina waɗi kollirɗe leslese ko faati e daartol ramen, e nokku ñaamde mo ramen woni e dow mum. Musiyum oo udditaa ko e hitaande 1994, o woni ko e diiwaan Shin-Yokohama, to wuro wiyeteengo Kōhoku-ku, to leydi Japon. Panneeji kollitooji daartol les Toɓɓere leydi musee oo ina rokka daartol ramen laaɓtungol, ina waɗi kollirɗe kaɓirɗe ramen ɓooyɗe, ina hollita keewal noodles, suukara, toppings e bowls kuutorteeɗi e nder Japon fof, ina hollita no noodles peewnirtee. Tonkotsu ramen e laay ɓaleejo e cili ummoraade e ramen ina darii to musee Ñaawirde nguura lesre ndee ko suukara noodle ramen Japonnaajo, ina waɗi kadi fijirde tokosere Tokiyoo no feeñiri e hitaande 1958, hitaande nde noodle instant sosaa. E nder suudu ñaamdu nduu ina waɗi caɗeele restoraaji ramen lolluɗi gila Kyushu haa Hokkaido. Doggol ngol ina waɗi Ide Shoten, Shinasobaya, Keyaki, Rushanhai, Hachiya, Fukuchan e Komurasaki. E hitaande 2013, ñaawirdu nguura ɓeydii restoraan Ameriknaajo biyeteeɗo Ikemen Hollywood e nder restoraanuuji maɓɓe, gila ndeen ɓe pelliti uddude calɗi ɗii e lewru suwee 2014. Ƴeew kadi icon Portal nguura Portal daartol portal Japon bannge Koppi Noodles Musium Yokohama Doggol musiibaaji nguura e njaram Laabi Ramen Tuugnorgal.<ref name="obscura">{{cite web|url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/shin-yokohama-ramen-museum|title=Shin-Yokohama Ramen Museum|publisher=[[Atlas Obscura]]|date=20 June 2012|access-date=15 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/japan/south-of-tokyo/yokohama/attractions/shin-yokohama-ramen-museum/a/poi-sig/1235860/356816|title=Shin-Yokohama Ramen Museum|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|access-date=15 November 2024}}</ref>.<ref name="obscura2" /><ref name="japan-guide">{{cite web|url=https://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3202.html|title=Ramen Museum|publisher=japan-guide.com|access-date=2025-01-07}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raumen.co.jp/information/news_000169.html|title=6月1日（日）ラー博卒業 - 最新情報 - 新横浜ラーメン博物館|publisher=Raumen.co.jp|date=2014-05-06|accessdate=2014-05-24|archive-date=2014-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716033301/http://www.raumen.co.jp/information/news_000169.html|url-status=live}}</ref> s0c53607scywe3w7aldtimtktf85opv 0 29818 114578 2025-06-30T15:21:29Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Ainu (Shinhidaka) ko musiyum kaɓirɗe Ainu to Shinhidaka, Hokkaidō, Japon. Kollitgol ngol ina waɗi nokku keeriiɗo ngam haɓaade murto Shakushain e hitaande 1669 ngam haɓaade hakkeeji liɗɗi e maayo Shizunai e kaafaaje e laanaaji njamndi ɓuuɓnaaɗi e chashi nokku oo. Koolol ngol ina waɗi kadi ɓalndu mboddi Ezo toɗɗaandi Jeyi Pinal Municipaal. Shinhidaka e hoore mum ko wuro keso, sosaango e hitaande 2006 e kawral gure ɓooyɗe Mitsuishi e Shizunai. Ko ɗoon woni ko wiyetee Shizunai, ko adii fof udditaa ko e hitaande 1983, ko suudu defte Shizunai Ainu (静内町アイヌ民俗資料館). Ƴeew kadi Musiyum ngenndiijo Ainu Musiyum wuro Shinhidaka Tuugnorgal kya8qcgmtligp4w47j0tartvtfoy2at 114579 114578 2025-06-30T15:23:40Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Ainu (Shinhidaka) ko musiyum kaɓirɗe Ainu to Shinhidaka, Hokkaidō, Japon. Kollitgol ngol ina waɗi nokku keeriiɗo ngam haɓaade murto Shakushain e hitaande 1669 ngam haɓaade hakkeeji liɗɗi e maayo Shizunai e kaafaaje e laanaaji njamndi ɓuuɓnaaɗi e chashi nokku oo. Koolol ngol ina waɗi kadi ɓalndu mboddi Ezo toɗɗaandi Jeyi Pinal Municipaal. Shinhidaka e hoore mum ko wuro keso, sosaango e hitaande 2006 e kawral gure ɓooyɗe Mitsuishi e Shizunai. Ko ɗoon woni ko wiyetee Shizunai, ko adii fof udditaa ko e hitaande 1983, ko suudu defte Shizunai Ainu (静内町アイヌ民俗資料館). Ƴeew kadi Musiyum ngenndiijo Ainu Musiyum wuro Shinhidaka Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shinhidaka-hokkaido.jp/hotnews/files/00001300/00001398/annualreport2016.pdf|script-title=ja:新ひだか町博物館年報|trans-title=Shinhidaka Town Museum Annual Report|language=Japanese|year=2016|page=10|publisher=[[Shinhidaka, Hokkaido|Shinhidaka Town]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref> j9p571a2t2h54au6b1k99rxxd9au5v6 114580 114579 2025-06-30T15:24:43Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Ainu (Shinhidaka) ko musiyum kaɓirɗe Ainu to Shinhidaka, Hokkaidō, Japon. Kollitgol ngol ina waɗi nokku keeriiɗo ngam haɓaade murto Shakushain e hitaande 1669 ngam haɓaade hakkeeji liɗɗi e maayo Shizunai e kaafaaje e laanaaji njamndi ɓuuɓnaaɗi e chashi nokku oo. Koolol ngol ina waɗi kadi ɓalndu mboddi Ezo toɗɗaandi Jeyi Pinal Municipaal. Shinhidaka e hoore mum ko wuro keso, sosaango e hitaande 2006 e kawral gure ɓooyɗe Mitsuishi e Shizunai. Ko ɗoon woni ko wiyetee Shizunai, ko adii fof udditaa ko e hitaande 1983, ko suudu defte Shizunai Ainu (静内町アイヌ民俗資料館). Ƴeew kadi Musiyum ngenndiijo Ainu Musiyum wuro Shinhidaka Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shinhidaka-hokkaido.jp/hotnews/files/00001300/00001398/annualreport2016.pdf|script-title=ja:新ひだか町博物館年報|trans-title=Shinhidaka Town Museum Annual Report|language=Japanese|year=2016|page=10|publisher=[[Shinhidaka, Hokkaido|Shinhidaka Town]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shinhidaka-hokkaido.jp/koho/pdf/107_62350971.pdf|script-title=ja:歴史浪漫 ― 古の足跡、わが郷土の文化財を知る|trans-title=Historic Romance: Discover the Ancient Footprints and Cultural Properties of Our Town|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Shinhidaka, Hokkaido|Shinhidaka Town]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref> 17k42ux7pexg2bfkcfn7al4hupdepis 114581 114580 2025-06-30T15:25:54Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Ainu (Shinhidaka) ko musiyum kaɓirɗe Ainu to Shinhidaka, Hokkaidō, Japon. Kollitgol ngol ina waɗi nokku keeriiɗo ngam haɓaade murto Shakushain e hitaande 1669 ngam haɓaade hakkeeji liɗɗi e maayo Shizunai e kaafaaje e laanaaji njamndi ɓuuɓnaaɗi e chashi nokku oo. Koolol ngol ina waɗi kadi ɓalndu mboddi Ezo toɗɗaandi Jeyi Pinal Municipaal. Shinhidaka e hoore mum ko wuro keso, sosaango e hitaande 2006 e kawral gure ɓooyɗe Mitsuishi e Shizunai. Ko ɗoon woni ko wiyetee Shizunai, ko adii fof udditaa ko e hitaande 1983, ko suudu defte Shizunai Ainu (静内町アイヌ民俗資料館). Ƴeew kadi Musiyum ngenndiijo Ainu Musiyum wuro Shinhidaka Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shinhidaka-hokkaido.jp/hotnews/files/00001300/00001398/annualreport2016.pdf|script-title=ja:新ひだか町博物館年報|trans-title=Shinhidaka Town Museum Annual Report|language=Japanese|year=2016|page=10|publisher=[[Shinhidaka, Hokkaido|Shinhidaka Town]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shinhidaka-hokkaido.jp/koho/pdf/107_62350971.pdf|script-title=ja:歴史浪漫 ― 古の足跡、わが郷土の文化財を知る|trans-title=Historic Romance: Discover the Ancient Footprints and Cultural Properties of Our Town|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Shinhidaka, Hokkaido|Shinhidaka Town]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20160520/ddl/k01/040/188000c|script-title=ja:新ひだかアイヌ資料館、新コーナー設置|trans-title=Shinhidaka Ainu Museum, New Corner Established|language=Japanese|work=[[Mainichi Shimbun]]|date=20 May 2016|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref> liezb7070dvu2amlkiz5ivwp9kn574y 114627 114581 2025-06-30T18:48:36Z Fulani215 7983 Fixed typo 114627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Musiyum Ainu (Shinhidaka) ko musiyum kaɓirɗe Ainu to Shinhidaka, Hokkaidō, Japon. Kollitgol ngol ina waɗi nokku keeriiɗo ngam haɓaade murto Shakushain e hitaande 1669 ngam haɓaade hakkeeji liɗɗi e maayo Shizunai e kaafaaje e laanaaji njamndi ɓuuɓnaaɗi e chashi nokku oo. Koolol ngol ina waɗi kadi ɓalndu mboddi Ezo toɗɗaandi Jeyi Pinal Municipaal. Shinhidaka e hoore mum ko wuro keso, sosaango e hitaande 2006 e kawral gure ɓooyɗe Mitsuishi e Shizunai. Ko ɗoon woni ko wiyetee Shizunai, ko adii fof udditaa ko e hitaande 1983, ko suudu defte Shizunai Ainu. Ƴeew kadi Musiyum ngenndiijo Ainu Musiyum wuro Shinhidaka Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shinhidaka-hokkaido.jp/hotnews/files/00001300/00001398/annualreport2016.pdf|script-title=ja:新ひだか町博物館年報|trans-title=Shinhidaka Town Museum Annual Report|language=Japanese|year=2016|page=10|publisher=[[Shinhidaka, Hokkaido|Shinhidaka Town]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shinhidaka-hokkaido.jp/koho/pdf/107_62350971.pdf|script-title=ja:歴史浪漫 ― 古の足跡、わが郷土の文化財を知る|trans-title=Historic Romance: Discover the Ancient Footprints and Cultural Properties of Our Town|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Shinhidaka, Hokkaido|Shinhidaka Town]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/articles/20160520/ddl/k01/040/188000c|script-title=ja:新ひだかアイヌ資料館、新コーナー設置|trans-title=Shinhidaka Ainu Museum, New Corner Established|language=Japanese|work=[[Mainichi Shimbun]]|date=20 May 2016|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref> 9t7ion8b4ay0xb56rc5t1m5nmenwb65 0 29819 114582 2025-06-30T16:58:47Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko Suzuka-shi Kōko Hakubutsukan udditaa sara nokku ɗo Ise Kokubun-ji woni ɗoo to Suzuka, to diiwaan Mie, Japon e hitaande 1998. Ƴeew kadi Ise Kokufu Ōzuka Kofun Catal Kanbe Tuugnorgal 5mu0sndqd8s5an27p5anetzp35sy68r 114583 114582 2025-06-30T17:00:58Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko Suzuka-shi Kōko Hakubutsukan udditaa sara nokku ɗo Ise Kokubun-ji woni ɗoo to Suzuka, to diiwaan Mie, Japon e hitaande 1998. Ƴeew kadi Ise Kokufu Ōzuka Kofun Catal Kanbe Tuugnorgal<ref name="date">{{cite web|url=https://www.city.suzuka.lg.jp/_res/projects/default_project/_page_/001/009/522/data03.pdf|script-title=ja:石棒・和同開珎から鈴鹿海軍備品まで|trans-title=From Sekibō and Wadōkaichin to Suzuka Navy Equipment|language=ja|publisher=[[Suzuka, Mie|Suzuka City]]|access-date=9 February 2025}}</ref> 4tq1s2f4uajcc1gepic1tcuzyw4wjpx 114584 114583 2025-06-30T17:02:25Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko Suzuka-shi Kōko Hakubutsukan udditaa sara nokku ɗo Ise Kokubun-ji woni ɗoo to Suzuka, to diiwaan Mie, Japon e hitaande 1998. Ƴeew kadi Ise Kokufu Ōzuka Kofun Catal Kanbe Tuugnorgal<ref name="date">{{cite web|url=https://www.city.suzuka.lg.jp/_res/projects/default_project/_page_/001/009/522/data03.pdf|script-title=ja:石棒・和同開珎から鈴鹿海軍備品まで|trans-title=From Sekibō and Wadōkaichin to Suzuka Navy Equipment|language=ja|publisher=[[Suzuka, Mie|Suzuka City]]|access-date=9 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="date2" /> The collection and displays relate to the archaeology and ancient way of life in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.suzuka.lg.jp/kouko/about/1009342.html|script-title=ja:概要|trans-title=Overview|language=ja|publisher=Suzuka Municipal Museum of Archaeology|access-date=9 February 2025}}</ref> 09x4ij24gyafaickiw8kpe9ul9ceqv5 114585 114584 2025-06-30T17:03:24Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko Suzuka-shi Kōko Hakubutsukan udditaa sara nokku ɗo Ise Kokubun-ji woni ɗoo to Suzuka, to diiwaan Mie, Japon e hitaande 1998. Ƴeew kadi Ise Kokufu Ōzuka Kofun Catal Kanbe Tuugnorgal<ref name="date">{{cite web|url=https://www.city.suzuka.lg.jp/_res/projects/default_project/_page_/001/009/522/data03.pdf|script-title=ja:石棒・和同開珎から鈴鹿海軍備品まで|trans-title=From Sekibō and Wadōkaichin to Suzuka Navy Equipment|language=ja|publisher=[[Suzuka, Mie|Suzuka City]]|access-date=9 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="date2" /> The collection and displays relate to the archaeology and ancient way of life in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.city.suzuka.lg.jp/kouko/about/1009342.html|script-title=ja:概要|trans-title=Overview|language=ja|publisher=Suzuka Municipal Museum of Archaeology|access-date=9 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bunka.pref.mie.lg.jp/kennai/kennaiDetail?id=835791|script-title=ja:鈴鹿市考古博物館|trans-title=Suzuka Municipal Museum of Archaeology|language=ja|publisher=[[Mie Prefecture]]|access-date=9 February 2025}}</ref> c6u0p8aul2sf0n9u45brew44vurfupl 0 29820 114586 2025-06-30T17:06:36Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum naalankaagal Suntory (サントリー 美術館, Santorī Bijutsukan) ko musium naalankaagal gonɗo e wuro Tokiyoo, Roppongi, Tokiyoo. Ko sosiyetee Suntory jeyi ɗum. Tiitoonde mooɓondiral golle naalankaagal ko "Naalankaagal e nder nguurndam" e ɗe ɓuri jogaade ko antiques Japon. Musium oo ina waɗi ko ina ɓura 3 000 geɗe pinal, heen gootal laamu Japon toɗɗii ɗum ko geɗe ngenndiije, 15 ko geɗe pinal teeŋtuɗe, 21 ko geɗe naalankaagal teeŋtuɗe (ja). Tariya E hitaande 1961, hooreejo Suntory, hono Keizo Saji, udditi suudu defte Suntory e nder galle laamorɗo to Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokiyoo, e tiitoonde mum « Naalankaagal e nder nguurndam ». E hitaande 1975, nde artiraa e galle Suntory to Akasaka, to Minato, to Tokiyoo. Nde catal Tokiyoo Suntory fotnoo yahde Odaiba e lewru Yarkomaa 2005, musee oo uddaa ko juuti. Ñalnde 30 marse 2007, nokku gonnooɗo Agency Defense oo, ƴellitaama, udditaa, wonti "Musée d'Art Suntory" keso, ngam nawde ɗum e "Tokyo Midtown". Nde uddaama e dumunna juutɗo e lewru noowammbar 2019, nde feewnaa, nde udditaa kadi e lewru sulyee 2020. Ko ɗum waɗi, ceŋol ngol ɓeydaama waawde haɓtaade yerɓo leydi, lampaaji nder suudu ɗii mbayliima wonti LED, naatirde ndee, butelaaji e kafeeji saraaji suudu nduu mbayliima uniformeeji gollotooɓe. Faandaare hesɗitinde ndee ko Kengo Kuma, gardinooɗo nokku gardiiɗo Tokyo Midtown, ɗo musiiba oo woni ɗoo, e musiiba oo. Musiyum naalankaagal Suntory, musiyum naalankaagal Mori e nokku naalankaagal ngenndiwal, Tokiyoo, ina mbaɗi "Triangle naalankaagal Roppongi". ltb0u3j0r5l8otpmrtan49qpnezg5mq 114587 114586 2025-06-30T17:08:36Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum naalankaagal Suntory (サントリー 美術館, Santorī Bijutsukan) ko musium naalankaagal gonɗo e wuro Tokiyoo, Roppongi, Tokiyoo. Ko sosiyetee Suntory jeyi ɗum. Tiitoonde mooɓondiral golle naalankaagal ko "Naalankaagal e nder nguurndam" e ɗe ɓuri jogaade ko antiques Japon. Musium oo ina waɗi ko ina ɓura 3 000 geɗe pinal, heen gootal laamu Japon toɗɗii ɗum ko geɗe ngenndiije, 15 ko geɗe pinal teeŋtuɗe, 21 ko geɗe naalankaagal teeŋtuɗe (ja). Tariya E hitaande 1961, hooreejo Suntory, hono Keizo Saji, udditi suudu defte Suntory e nder galle laamorɗo to Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokiyoo, e tiitoonde mum « Naalankaagal e nder nguurndam ». E hitaande 1975, nde artiraa e galle Suntory to Akasaka, to Minato, to Tokiyoo. Nde catal Tokiyoo Suntory fotnoo yahde Odaiba e lewru Yarkomaa 2005, musee oo uddaa ko juuti. Ñalnde 30 marse 2007, nokku gonnooɗo Agency Defense oo, ƴellitaama, udditaa, wonti "Musée d'Art Suntory" keso, ngam nawde ɗum e "Tokyo Midtown". Nde uddaama e dumunna juutɗo e lewru noowammbar 2019, nde feewnaa, nde udditaa kadi e lewru sulyee 2020. Ko ɗum waɗi, ceŋol ngol ɓeydaama waawde haɓtaade yerɓo leydi, lampaaji nder suudu ɗii mbayliima wonti LED, naatirde ndee, butelaaji e kafeeji saraaji suudu nduu mbayliima uniformeeji gollotooɓe. Faandaare hesɗitinde ndee ko Kengo Kuma, gardinooɗo nokku gardiiɗo Tokyo Midtown, ɗo musiiba oo woni ɗoo, e musiiba oo. Musiyum naalankaagal Suntory, musiyum naalankaagal Mori e nokku naalankaagal ngenndiwal, Tokiyoo, ina mbaɗi "Triangle naalankaagal Roppongi".Galle Box mo fusenryō diidi e inlay yumma-perle e maki-e, jamaanu Kamakura, teeminannde 13ɓiire, Ngalu ngenndi Box mo fusenryō diidi e inlay yumma-perle e maki-e, jamaanu Kamakura, teeminannde 13ɓiire, Ngalu ngenndi Toyotomi Hidetsugu, jamaanu Azuchi-Momoyama, teeminannde 16ɓiire haa 17ɓiire Toyotomi Hidetsugu, jamaanu Azuchi-Momoyama, teeminannde 16ɓiire haa 17ɓiire Nanban byōbu, mo Kanō Sanraku winndi, jamaanu Azuchi-Momoyama, teeminannde 17ɓiire, jawdi pinal teeŋtundi Nanban byōbu, mo Kanō Sanraku winndi, jamaanu Azuchi-Momoyama, teeminannde 17ɓiire, jawdi pinal teeŋtundi Konte, leydi, ko Ogata Kenzan. Jamanuuji Edo, feccere adannde e teeminannde 18ɓiire, Jeyi pinal teeŋtuɗo Konte, leydi, ko Ogata Kenzan. Jamanuuji Edo, feccere adannde e teeminannde 18ɓiire, Jeyi pinal teeŋtuɗo Womɓe ina penta. Jamanuuji Edo (teeminannde 17ɓiire), Jeyi pinal teeŋtuɗo Womɓe ina penta. Jamanuuji Edo (teeminannde 17ɓiire), Jeyi pinal teeŋtuɗo Binndanɗe Musiyum oo yaltinii defte keewɗe ko fayti e mooftirgel mum e kollirɗe keewɗe : E nder leydi fannuuji, Japon (2018) Koolol mawningol duuɓi 60ɓiire suudu naalankaagal Suntory: Naalankaagal Japon ɓuuɓngal (2021) Kaafaawi: Ruuhu jaambaaro (2021) Ngalu ummoraade e suudu dewal Chishakuin (2022) Mushi: (Kosam e tagooje goɗɗe) Yiɗɓe to Japon (2023) Ko ƴeewndo Mokubei (2023) Jamanuuji ɓuuɓɗi - Pentooɓe e nder Bakumatsu e Meiji (2023) Émile Galle: Yiɗde Pari (2024) Konfusiyanism e nder naalankaagal Japon (2024) Hanabusa Itchō: Gorko baawɗo laaɓal mawngal hollitii aduna ɓuuɓɗo (2024) Shutendōji Fuɗɗi: Taariikaaji waroowo jinneeji e nder duuɓi (2025) == Tuugnorgal == mjerbrenbw0b3mbivou7nf06pstrfxu 114588 114587 2025-06-30T17:10:53Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum naalankaagal Suntory (サントリー 美術館, Santorī Bijutsukan) ko musium naalankaagal gonɗo e wuro Tokiyoo, Roppongi, Tokiyoo. Ko sosiyetee Suntory jeyi ɗum. Tiitoonde mooɓondiral golle naalankaagal ko "Naalankaagal e nder nguurndam" e ɗe ɓuri jogaade ko antiques Japon. Musium oo ina waɗi ko ina ɓura 3 000 geɗe pinal, heen gootal laamu Japon toɗɗii ɗum ko geɗe ngenndiije, 15 ko geɗe pinal teeŋtuɗe, 21 ko geɗe naalankaagal teeŋtuɗe (ja). Tariya E hitaande 1961, hooreejo Suntory, hono Keizo Saji, udditi suudu defte Suntory e nder galle laamorɗo to Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokiyoo, e tiitoonde mum « Naalankaagal e nder nguurndam ». E hitaande 1975, nde artiraa e galle Suntory to Akasaka, to Minato, to Tokiyoo. Nde catal Tokiyoo Suntory fotnoo yahde Odaiba e lewru Yarkomaa 2005, musee oo uddaa ko juuti. Ñalnde 30 marse 2007, nokku gonnooɗo Agency Defense oo, ƴellitaama, udditaa, wonti "Musée d'Art Suntory" keso, ngam nawde ɗum e "Tokyo Midtown". Nde uddaama e dumunna juutɗo e lewru noowammbar 2019, nde feewnaa, nde udditaa kadi e lewru sulyee 2020. Ko ɗum waɗi, ceŋol ngol ɓeydaama waawde haɓtaade yerɓo leydi, lampaaji nder suudu ɗii mbayliima wonti LED, naatirde ndee, butelaaji e kafeeji saraaji suudu nduu mbayliima uniformeeji gollotooɓe. Faandaare hesɗitinde ndee ko Kengo Kuma, gardinooɗo nokku gardiiɗo Tokyo Midtown, ɗo musiiba oo woni ɗoo, e musiiba oo. Musiyum naalankaagal Suntory, musiyum naalankaagal Mori e nokku naalankaagal ngenndiwal, Tokiyoo, ina mbaɗi "Triangle naalankaagal Roppongi".Galle Box mo fusenryō diidi e inlay yumma-perle e maki-e, jamaanu Kamakura, teeminannde 13ɓiire, Ngalu ngenndi Box mo fusenryō diidi e inlay yumma-perle e maki-e, jamaanu Kamakura, teeminannde 13ɓiire, Ngalu ngenndi Toyotomi Hidetsugu, jamaanu Azuchi-Momoyama, teeminannde 16ɓiire haa 17ɓiire Toyotomi Hidetsugu, jamaanu Azuchi-Momoyama, teeminannde 16ɓiire haa 17ɓiire Nanban byōbu, mo Kanō Sanraku winndi, jamaanu Azuchi-Momoyama, teeminannde 17ɓiire, jawdi pinal teeŋtundi Nanban byōbu, mo Kanō Sanraku winndi, jamaanu Azuchi-Momoyama, teeminannde 17ɓiire, jawdi pinal teeŋtundi Konte, leydi, ko Ogata Kenzan. Jamanuuji Edo, feccere adannde e teeminannde 18ɓiire, Jeyi pinal teeŋtuɗo Konte, leydi, ko Ogata Kenzan. Jamanuuji Edo, feccere adannde e teeminannde 18ɓiire, Jeyi pinal teeŋtuɗo Womɓe ina penta. Jamanuuji Edo (teeminannde 17ɓiire), Jeyi pinal teeŋtuɗo Womɓe ina penta. Jamanuuji Edo (teeminannde 17ɓiire), Jeyi pinal teeŋtuɗo Binndanɗe Musiyum oo yaltinii defte keewɗe ko fayti e mooftirgel mum e kollirɗe keewɗe : E nder leydi fannuuji, Japon (2018) Koolol mawningol duuɓi 60ɓiire suudu naalankaagal Suntory: Naalankaagal Japon ɓuuɓngal (2021) Kaafaawi: Ruuhu jaambaaro (2021) Ngalu ummoraade e suudu dewal Chishakuin (2022) Mushi: (Kosam e tagooje goɗɗe) Yiɗɓe to Japon (2023) Ko ƴeewndo Mokubei (2023) Jamanuuji ɓuuɓɗi - Pentooɓe e nder Bakumatsu e Meiji (2023) Émile Galle: Yiɗde Pari (2024) Konfusiyanism e nder naalankaagal Japon (2024) Hanabusa Itchō: Gorko baawɗo laaɓal mawngal hollitii aduna ɓuuɓɗo (2024) Shutendōji Fuɗɗi: Taariikaaji waroowo jinneeji e nder duuɓi (2025) == Tuugnorgal.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230606022841/https://www.suntory.co.jp/sma/greeting/ ごあいさつ.] Suntory Museum of Art</ref> == 46dzpsn4bjonvliy1mn9rqy4s8h5ce3 114589 114588 2025-06-30T17:12:21Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum naalankaagal Suntory (サントリー 美術館, Santorī Bijutsukan) ko musium naalankaagal gonɗo e wuro Tokiyoo, Roppongi, Tokiyoo. Ko sosiyetee Suntory jeyi ɗum. Tiitoonde mooɓondiral golle naalankaagal ko "Naalankaagal e nder nguurndam" e ɗe ɓuri jogaade ko antiques Japon. Musium oo ina waɗi ko ina ɓura 3 000 geɗe pinal, heen gootal laamu Japon toɗɗii ɗum ko geɗe ngenndiije, 15 ko geɗe pinal teeŋtuɗe, 21 ko geɗe naalankaagal teeŋtuɗe (ja). Tariya E hitaande 1961, hooreejo Suntory, hono Keizo Saji, udditi suudu defte Suntory e nder galle laamorɗo to Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokiyoo, e tiitoonde mum « Naalankaagal e nder nguurndam ». E hitaande 1975, nde artiraa e galle Suntory to Akasaka, to Minato, to Tokiyoo. Nde catal Tokiyoo Suntory fotnoo yahde Odaiba e lewru Yarkomaa 2005, musee oo uddaa ko juuti. Ñalnde 30 marse 2007, nokku gonnooɗo Agency Defense oo, ƴellitaama, udditaa, wonti "Musée d'Art Suntory" keso, ngam nawde ɗum e "Tokyo Midtown". Nde uddaama e dumunna juutɗo e lewru noowammbar 2019, nde feewnaa, nde udditaa kadi e lewru sulyee 2020. Ko ɗum waɗi, ceŋol ngol ɓeydaama waawde haɓtaade yerɓo leydi, lampaaji nder suudu ɗii mbayliima wonti LED, naatirde ndee, butelaaji e kafeeji saraaji suudu nduu mbayliima uniformeeji gollotooɓe. Faandaare hesɗitinde ndee ko Kengo Kuma, gardinooɗo nokku gardiiɗo Tokyo Midtown, ɗo musiiba oo woni ɗoo, e musiiba oo. Musiyum naalankaagal Suntory, musiyum naalankaagal Mori e nokku naalankaagal ngenndiwal, Tokiyoo, ina mbaɗi "Triangle naalankaagal Roppongi".Galle Box mo fusenryō diidi e inlay yumma-perle e maki-e, jamaanu Kamakura, teeminannde 13ɓiire, Ngalu ngenndi Box mo fusenryō diidi e inlay yumma-perle e maki-e, jamaanu Kamakura, teeminannde 13ɓiire, Ngalu ngenndi Toyotomi Hidetsugu, jamaanu Azuchi-Momoyama, teeminannde 16ɓiire haa 17ɓiire Toyotomi Hidetsugu, jamaanu Azuchi-Momoyama, teeminannde 16ɓiire haa 17ɓiire Nanban byōbu, mo Kanō Sanraku winndi, jamaanu Azuchi-Momoyama, teeminannde 17ɓiire, jawdi pinal teeŋtundi Nanban byōbu, mo Kanō Sanraku winndi, jamaanu Azuchi-Momoyama, teeminannde 17ɓiire, jawdi pinal teeŋtundi Konte, leydi, ko Ogata Kenzan. Jamanuuji Edo, feccere adannde e teeminannde 18ɓiire, Jeyi pinal teeŋtuɗo Konte, leydi, ko Ogata Kenzan. Jamanuuji Edo, feccere adannde e teeminannde 18ɓiire, Jeyi pinal teeŋtuɗo Womɓe ina penta. Jamanuuji Edo (teeminannde 17ɓiire), Jeyi pinal teeŋtuɗo Womɓe ina penta. Jamanuuji Edo (teeminannde 17ɓiire), Jeyi pinal teeŋtuɗo Binndanɗe Musiyum oo yaltinii defte keewɗe ko fayti e mooftirgel mum e kollirɗe keewɗe : E nder leydi fannuuji, Japon (2018) Koolol mawningol duuɓi 60ɓiire suudu naalankaagal Suntory: Naalankaagal Japon ɓuuɓngal (2021) Kaafaawi: Ruuhu jaambaaro (2021) Ngalu ummoraade e suudu dewal Chishakuin (2022) Mushi: (Kosam e tagooje goɗɗe) Yiɗɓe to Japon (2023) Ko ƴeewndo Mokubei (2023) Jamanuuji ɓuuɓɗi - Pentooɓe e nder Bakumatsu e Meiji (2023) Émile Galle: Yiɗde Pari (2024) Konfusiyanism e nder naalankaagal Japon (2024) Hanabusa Itchō: Gorko baawɗo laaɓal mawngal hollitii aduna ɓuuɓɗo (2024) Shutendōji Fuɗɗi: Taariikaaji waroowo jinneeji e nder duuɓi (2025) == Tuugnorgal.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230606022841/https://www.suntory.co.jp/sma/greeting/ ごあいさつ.] Suntory Museum of Art</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200727153757/https://www.asahi.com/event/DA3S14556655.html 生まれ変わった“美の空間” サントリー美術館、リニューアル・オープン記念展] The Asahi Shimbun, July 21, 2020</ref> == h6horflpb9yvg8ukez0a8e04o89eyje 0 29821 114590 2025-06-30T17:15:37Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Suntritz Hattori Museum ñeeñal (ヵンツ服部美術館, Santrisu hattori bijutsukan) woni ko e daande maayo Suwa to Suwa, Prefektiir Nagano, Japon. Ko Shōzō Uchii waɗi, nde udditaa e hitaande 1995. Mooɓondiral ngal ina waɗi golle ɗe Renoir e Chagall, Ogata Kōrin e Sakai Hōitsu, kam e gooto e nokkuuji ɗiɗi ɗi Japonnaaɓe, Fuji-san e Honami Kōetsu. Ƴeew kadi Doggol sifaaji pinal Japon - nate (Nagano) . References 3dlt4lhwqikkow4n4jh1s06vvni286j 114591 114590 2025-06-30T17:18:06Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Suntritz Hattori Museum ñeeñal (ヵンツ服部美術館, Santrisu hattori bijutsukan) woni ko e daande maayo Suwa to Suwa, Prefektiir Nagano, Japon. Ko Shōzō Uchii waɗi, nde udditaa e hitaande 1995. Mooɓondiral ngal ina waɗi golle ɗe Renoir e Chagall, Ogata Kōrin e Sakai Hōitsu, kam e gooto e nokkuuji ɗiɗi ɗi Japonnaaɓe, Fuji-san e Honami Kōetsu. Ƴeew kadi Doggol sifaaji pinal Japon - nate (Nagano) .References.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pref.nagano.lg.jp/kyoiku/bunsho/bunka/shisetsu/bijutsukan/toroku.html|script-title=ja:登録博物館・博物館相当施設|trans-title=Registered Museums and Equivalent Facilities|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Nagano Prefecture]]|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref> d2pxocv5sug9jq2uca5v8egcz8aarvg 114592 114591 2025-06-30T17:19:19Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Suntritz Hattori Museum ñeeñal (ヵンツ服部美術館, Santrisu hattori bijutsukan) woni ko e daande maayo Suwa to Suwa, Prefektiir Nagano, Japon. Ko Shōzō Uchii waɗi, nde udditaa e hitaande 1995. Mooɓondiral ngal ina waɗi golle ɗe Renoir e Chagall, Ogata Kōrin e Sakai Hōitsu, kam e gooto e nokkuuji ɗiɗi ɗi Japonnaaɓe, Fuji-san e Honami Kōetsu. Ƴeew kadi Doggol sifaaji pinal Japon - nate (Nagano) .References.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pref.nagano.lg.jp/kyoiku/bunsho/bunka/shisetsu/bijutsukan/toroku.html|script-title=ja:登録博物館・博物館相当施設|trans-title=Registered Museums and Equivalent Facilities|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Nagano Prefecture]]|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sainsbury-institute.org/support-us/e-magazine-issue-12/museums-in-japan/|title=Sunritz Hattori Museum of Art|publisher=[[Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures]]|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref> quvmrzmam1mokhqx7q8kspi11qxr2us 114593 114592 2025-06-30T17:20:23Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Suntritz Hattori Museum ñeeñal (ヵンツ服部美術館, Santrisu hattori bijutsukan) woni ko e daande maayo Suwa to Suwa, Prefektiir Nagano, Japon. Ko Shōzō Uchii waɗi, nde udditaa e hitaande 1995. Mooɓondiral ngal ina waɗi golle ɗe Renoir e Chagall, Ogata Kōrin e Sakai Hōitsu, kam e gooto e nokkuuji ɗiɗi ɗi Japonnaaɓe, Fuji-san e Honami Kōetsu. Ƴeew kadi Doggol sifaaji pinal Japon - nate (Nagano) .References.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pref.nagano.lg.jp/kyoiku/bunsho/bunka/shisetsu/bijutsukan/toroku.html|script-title=ja:登録博物館・博物館相当施設|trans-title=Registered Museums and Equivalent Facilities|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Nagano Prefecture]]|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sainsbury-institute.org/support-us/e-magazine-issue-12/museums-in-japan/|title=Sunritz Hattori Museum of Art|publisher=[[Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures]]|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kunishitei.bunka.go.jp/heritage/detail/201/362|script-title=ja:楽焼白片身変茶碗〈銘不二山／光悦作〉|trans-title=White Raku Tea Bowl (Fujisan by Koetsu)|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]]|access-date=7 September 2015}}</ref> 8omi432amobeu3n2kyshq5cimj1b51z 0 29822 114594 2025-06-30T17:23:27Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Koolol ñeeñal Sugimoto (杉本美術館) ina waɗi golle pentoowo Japonnaajo biyeteeɗo Kenkichi Sugimoto (1905-2004), ina woni to Mihama, diiwaan Chita, e nder diiwaan Aichi, Japon. Sosiyetee laana njoorndi biyeteeɗo Meitetsu ina gollina musium oo. Musium Sugimoto udditaama ñalnde 31 oktoobar 2021. Ƴeew kadi Doggol musiibaaji naalanke gooto Je yaasi 02vzqzlp0pucu0byw4mmpwjror809uf 0 29823 114595 2025-06-30T17:28:56Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musium Snoopy Tokyo (Snoopy Musium Tokyo) ko musium to Machida, Tokiyoo, tuugiiɗo e Snoopy e jikkuuji ummoriiɗi e filmo Peanuts mo Charles M. Tariya Musiyum ɓooyɗo to Roppongi Musium Snoopy asliijo Tokyo udditaa to Roppongi ñalnde 23 abriil 2016, tee ina dañi fotde miliyoŋ njillu e nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii. Nde udditi dame mayre ko e hitaande 2018, hitaande nde kadi woni hitaande 50ɓiire nde Peanuts fuɗɗii naatde e Japon, caggal nde nde waɗi koolol mayre cakkitiingol (21 abriil haa 24 suwee 2018). Inkarnaasiyoŋ hannde oo udditaa ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Minami-machida Grandberry Park to Machida ñalnde 14 desaambar 2019, ko ɗum satelit laawɗuɗo nokku mooftirɗo e wiɗto Charles M. Schulz to Santa Rosa, Kaliforni. Nde udditaa ko e lewru feebariyee 2024 caggal nde nde feewnaa. Mahdi Musiyum oo ina waɗi nokku dokke ina wiyee Brown’s Store e Peanuts Café. Hortol 78zloseorgsa65d7l75cfkdhzc8eutg 114596 114595 2025-06-30T17:30:49Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musium Snoopy Tokyo (Snoopy Musium Tokyo) ko musium to Machida, Tokiyoo, tuugiiɗo e Snoopy e jikkuuji ummoriiɗi e filmo Peanuts mo Charles M. Tariya Musiyum ɓooyɗo to Roppongi Musium Snoopy asliijo Tokyo udditaa to Roppongi ñalnde 23 abriil 2016, tee ina dañi fotde miliyoŋ njillu e nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii. Nde udditi dame mayre ko e hitaande 2018, hitaande nde kadi woni hitaande 50ɓiire nde Peanuts fuɗɗii naatde e Japon, caggal nde nde waɗi koolol mayre cakkitiingol (21 abriil haa 24 suwee 2018). Inkarnaasiyoŋ hannde oo udditaa ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Minami-machida Grandberry Park to Machida ñalnde 14 desaambar 2019, ko ɗum satelit laawɗuɗo nokku mooftirɗo e wiɗto Charles M. Schulz to Santa Rosa, Kaliforni. Nde udditaa ko e lewru feebariyee 2024 caggal nde nde feewnaa. Mahdi Musiyum oo ina waɗi nokku dokke ina wiyee Brown’s Store e Peanuts Café.Musium oo ina heɓee e nder dingiral yah-ngartaa to nokku biyeteeɗo Minimi-machida, e nder laawol Tokyu Railway Den-toshi. Jaayɗe Musium yaltinii defte keewɗe ko faati e kollirɗe mum keertiiɗe : Laugh e Smile (2022) Woodstock: Sehil ɓurɗo moƴƴude e tokooso (2022) Ñaamde e nder Peanuts (2023) Lucy ko ɗoo (2023) Jawdiiji yah-ngartaa (2024) . Ñalnde 2024 (2024) ñalnde aset (2024). Nguurndam duɗal Peanuts Gang (2025) Ƴeew kadi Doggol museeji to Tokyo References Hortol ifxdibvkqa1qehw732ad9zel977v0hs 114597 114596 2025-06-30T17:32:54Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musium Snoopy Tokyo (Snoopy Musium Tokyo) ko musium to Machida, Tokiyoo, tuugiiɗo e Snoopy e jikkuuji ummoriiɗi e filmo Peanuts mo Charles M. Tariya Musiyum ɓooyɗo to Roppongi Musium Snoopy asliijo Tokyo udditaa to Roppongi ñalnde 23 abriil 2016, tee ina dañi fotde miliyoŋ njillu e nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii. Nde udditi dame mayre ko e hitaande 2018, hitaande nde kadi woni hitaande 50ɓiire nde Peanuts fuɗɗii naatde e Japon, caggal nde nde waɗi koolol mayre cakkitiingol (21 abriil haa 24 suwee 2018). Inkarnaasiyoŋ hannde oo udditaa ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Minami-machida Grandberry Park to Machida ñalnde 14 desaambar 2019, ko ɗum satelit laawɗuɗo nokku mooftirɗo e wiɗto Charles M. Schulz to Santa Rosa, Kaliforni. Nde udditaa ko e lewru feebariyee 2024 caggal nde nde feewnaa. Mahdi Musiyum oo ina waɗi nokku dokke ina wiyee Brown’s Store e Peanuts Café.Musium oo ina heɓee e nder dingiral yah-ngartaa to nokku biyeteeɗo Minimi-machida, e nder laawol Tokyu Railway Den-toshi. Jaayɗe Musium yaltinii defte keewɗe ko faati e kollirɗe mum keertiiɗe : Laugh e Smile (2022) Woodstock: Sehil ɓurɗo moƴƴude e tokooso (2022) Ñaamde e nder Peanuts (2023) Lucy ko ɗoo (2023) Jawdiiji yah-ngartaa (2024) . Ñalnde 2024 (2024) ñalnde aset (2024). Nguurndam duɗal Peanuts Gang (2025) Ƴeew kadi Doggol museeji to Tokyo References.<ref name="Mainichi">{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20240208/p2a/00m/0et/038000c|title=Tokyo's Snoopy Museum opens after renewal with 'Wonder Room' displaying fans' items|newspaper=[[Mainichi Shimbun]]|date=11 February 2024|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref> Hortol tq2yapdivvokkwfyhuw44rg70ax9bzm 114598 114597 2025-06-30T17:34:45Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musium Snoopy Tokyo (Snoopy Musium Tokyo) ko musium to Machida, Tokiyoo, tuugiiɗo e Snoopy e jikkuuji ummoriiɗi e filmo Peanuts mo Charles M. Tariya Musiyum ɓooyɗo to Roppongi Musium Snoopy asliijo Tokyo udditaa to Roppongi ñalnde 23 abriil 2016, tee ina dañi fotde miliyoŋ njillu e nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii. Nde udditi dame mayre ko e hitaande 2018, hitaande nde kadi woni hitaande 50ɓiire nde Peanuts fuɗɗii naatde e Japon, caggal nde nde waɗi koolol mayre cakkitiingol (21 abriil haa 24 suwee 2018). Inkarnaasiyoŋ hannde oo udditaa ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Minami-machida Grandberry Park to Machida ñalnde 14 desaambar 2019, ko ɗum satelit laawɗuɗo nokku mooftirɗo e wiɗto Charles M. Schulz to Santa Rosa, Kaliforni. Nde udditaa ko e lewru feebariyee 2024 caggal nde nde feewnaa. Mahdi Musiyum oo ina waɗi nokku dokke ina wiyee Brown’s Store e Peanuts Café.Musium oo ina heɓee e nder dingiral yah-ngartaa to nokku biyeteeɗo Minimi-machida, e nder laawol Tokyu Railway Den-toshi. Jaayɗe Musium yaltinii defte keewɗe ko faati e kollirɗe mum keertiiɗe : Laugh e Smile (2022) Woodstock: Sehil ɓurɗo moƴƴude e tokooso (2022) Ñaamde e nder Peanuts (2023) Lucy ko ɗoo (2023) Jawdiiji yah-ngartaa (2024) . Ñalnde 2024 (2024) ñalnde aset (2024). Nguurndam duɗal Peanuts Gang (2025) Ƴeew kadi Doggol museeji to Tokyo References.<ref name="Mainichi">{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20240208/p2a/00m/0et/038000c|title=Tokyo's Snoopy Museum opens after renewal with 'Wonder Room' displaying fans' items|newspaper=[[Mainichi Shimbun]]|date=11 February 2024|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref>{{cite web|url=https://schulzmuseum.org/explore/exhibits/upcoming-exhibitions/snoopy-museum-tokyo/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802205414/http://schulzmuseum.org/explore/exhibits/upcoming-exhibitions/snoopy-museum-tokyo/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 August 2015|title=Snoopy Museum Tokyo|publisher=[[Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center]]|access-date=8 August 2017}}</ref Hortol jbeeeyjyazfzp1c0xfly5w364vm59bl 114599 114598 2025-06-30T17:36:20Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musium Snoopy Tokyo (Snoopy Musium Tokyo) ko musium to Machida, Tokiyoo, tuugiiɗo e Snoopy e jikkuuji ummoriiɗi e filmo Peanuts mo Charles M. Tariya Musiyum ɓooyɗo to Roppongi Musium Snoopy asliijo Tokyo udditaa to Roppongi ñalnde 23 abriil 2016, tee ina dañi fotde miliyoŋ njillu e nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii. Nde udditi dame mayre ko e hitaande 2018, hitaande nde kadi woni hitaande 50ɓiire nde Peanuts fuɗɗii naatde e Japon, caggal nde nde waɗi koolol mayre cakkitiingol (21 abriil haa 24 suwee 2018). Inkarnaasiyoŋ hannde oo udditaa ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Minami-machida Grandberry Park to Machida ñalnde 14 desaambar 2019, ko ɗum satelit laawɗuɗo nokku mooftirɗo e wiɗto Charles M. Schulz to Santa Rosa, Kaliforni. Nde udditaa ko e lewru feebariyee 2024 caggal nde nde feewnaa. Mahdi Musiyum oo ina waɗi nokku dokke ina wiyee Brown’s Store e Peanuts Café.Musium oo ina heɓee e nder dingiral yah-ngartaa to nokku biyeteeɗo Minimi-machida, e nder laawol Tokyu Railway Den-toshi. Jaayɗe Musium yaltinii defte keewɗe ko faati e kollirɗe mum keertiiɗe : Laugh e Smile (2022) Woodstock: Sehil ɓurɗo moƴƴude e tokooso (2022) Ñaamde e nder Peanuts (2023) Lucy ko ɗoo (2023) Jawdiiji yah-ngartaa (2024) . Ñalnde 2024 (2024) ñalnde aset (2024). Nguurndam duɗal Peanuts Gang (2025) Ƴeew kadi Doggol museeji to Tokyo References.<ref name="Mainichi">{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20240208/p2a/00m/0et/038000c|title=Tokyo's Snoopy Museum opens after renewal with 'Wonder Room' displaying fans' items|newspaper=[[Mainichi Shimbun]]|date=11 February 2024|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref>{{cite web|url=https://schulzmuseum.org/explore/exhibits/upcoming-exhibitions/snoopy-museum-tokyo/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802205414/http://schulzmuseum.org/explore/exhibits/upcoming-exhibitions/snoopy-museum-tokyo/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 August 2015|title=Snoopy Museum Tokyo|publisher=[[Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center]]|access-date=8 August 2017}}.<ref name="SchulzMuseum">{{cite web|url=https://schulzmuseum.org/snoopy-museum-tokyo/|title=Snoopy Museum Tokyo|publisher=[[Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center]]|date=9 January 2020|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref> Hortol hu0rqq932i936hraivt5zobjzgi7k3v 114632 114599 2025-06-30T18:55:24Z Fulani215 7983 Fixed typo 114632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musium Snoopy Tokyo (Snoopy Musium Tokyo) ko musium to Machida, Tokiyoo, tuugiiɗo e Snoopy e jikkuuji ummoriiɗi e filmo Peanuts mo Charles M. ==Tariya== Musiyum ɓooyɗo to Roppongi Musium Snoopy asliijo Tokyo udditaa to Roppongi ñalnde 23 abriil 2016, tee ina dañi fotde miliyoŋ njillu e nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii. Nde udditi dame mayre ko e hitaande 2018, hitaande nde kadi woni hitaande 50ɓiire nde Peanuts fuɗɗii naatde e Japon, caggal nde nde waɗi koolol mayre cakkitiingol abriil haa 24 suwee 2018). Inkarnaasiyoŋ hannde oo udditaa ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Minami-machida Grandberry Park to Machida ñalnde 14 desaambar 2019, ko ɗum satelit laawɗuɗo nokku mooftirɗo e wiɗto Charles M. Schulz to Santa Rosa, Kaliforni. Nde udditaa ko e lewru feebariyee 2024 caggal nde nde feewnaa. ==Mahdi== Musiyum oo ina waɗi nokku dokke ina wiyee Brown’s Store e Peanuts Café.Musium oo ina heɓee e nder dingiral yah-ngartaa to nokku biyeteeɗo Minimi-machida, e nder laawol Tokyu Railway Den-toshi. ==Jaayɗe== Musium yaltinii defte keewɗe ko faati e kollirɗe mum keertiiɗe : <ref name="Mainichi">{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20240208/p2a/00m/0et/038000c|title=Tokyo's Snoopy Museum opens after renewal with 'Wonder Room' displaying fans' items|newspaper=[[Mainichi Shimbun]]|date=11 February 2024|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref>{{cite web|url=https://schulzmuseum.org/explore/exhibits/upcoming-exhibitions/snoopy-museum-tokyo/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802205414/http://schulzmuseum.org/explore/exhibits/upcoming-exhibitions/snoopy-museum-tokyo/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 August 2015|title=Snoopy Museum Tokyo|publisher=[[Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center]]|access-date=8 August 2017}}.<ref name="SchulzMuseum">{{cite web|url=https://schulzmuseum.org/snoopy-museum-tokyo/|title=Snoopy Museum Tokyo|publisher=[[Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center]]|date=9 January 2020|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref> Hortol t55q54v0hw6anqd425fxed8zs2pjuvi 114633 114632 2025-06-30T18:55:50Z Fulani215 7983 /* Jaayɗe */Fixed typo 114633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musium Snoopy Tokyo (Snoopy Musium Tokyo) ko musium to Machida, Tokiyoo, tuugiiɗo e Snoopy e jikkuuji ummoriiɗi e filmo Peanuts mo Charles M. ==Tariya== Musiyum ɓooyɗo to Roppongi Musium Snoopy asliijo Tokyo udditaa to Roppongi ñalnde 23 abriil 2016, tee ina dañi fotde miliyoŋ njillu e nder duuɓi ɗiɗi garooji ɗii. Nde udditi dame mayre ko e hitaande 2018, hitaande nde kadi woni hitaande 50ɓiire nde Peanuts fuɗɗii naatde e Japon, caggal nde nde waɗi koolol mayre cakkitiingol abriil haa 24 suwee 2018). Inkarnaasiyoŋ hannde oo udditaa ko e nokku biyeteeɗo Minami-machida Grandberry Park to Machida ñalnde 14 desaambar 2019, ko ɗum satelit laawɗuɗo nokku mooftirɗo e wiɗto Charles M. Schulz to Santa Rosa, Kaliforni. Nde udditaa ko e lewru feebariyee 2024 caggal nde nde feewnaa. ==Mahdi== Musiyum oo ina waɗi nokku dokke ina wiyee Brown’s Store e Peanuts Café.Musium oo ina heɓee e nder dingiral yah-ngartaa to nokku biyeteeɗo Minimi-machida, e nder laawol Tokyu Railway Den-toshi. ==Jaayɗe== Musium yaltinii defte keewɗe ko faati e kollirɗe mum keertiiɗe : <ref name="Mainichi">{{cite news|url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20240208/p2a/00m/0et/038000c|title=Tokyo's Snoopy Museum opens after renewal with 'Wonder Room' displaying fans' items|newspaper=[[Mainichi Shimbun]]|date=11 February 2024|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref>{{cite web|url=https://schulzmuseum.org/explore/exhibits/upcoming-exhibitions/snoopy-museum-tokyo/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802205414/http://schulzmuseum.org/explore/exhibits/upcoming-exhibitions/snoopy-museum-tokyo/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 August 2015|title=Snoopy Museum Tokyo|publisher=[[Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center]]|access-date=8 August 2017}}.<ref name="SchulzMuseum">{{cite web|url=https://schulzmuseum.org/snoopy-museum-tokyo/|title=Snoopy Museum Tokyo|publisher=[[Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center]]|date=9 January 2020|access-date=6 June 2024}}</ref> ==Himobe== nzj8nzw50dynda3hte8sw089uv1t96x 0 29824 114600 2025-06-30T17:39:58Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Koolol naalankaagal Simose (下瀬美術館, Shimose Bijutsukan) udditaa to Ōtake, e nder diiwaan Hiroshima, Japon e hitaande 2023. Koolol ngol ina waɗi hina e pucci Japon goɗɗi Ryūsei, Leonard Foujita, Yokoyama Taikan, e Kayama Matazō.[3] E lewru Duujal 2024, suudu defte nduu, ndu arsitek biyeteeɗo Shigeru Ban feewni, e nder nokku ina ndaara Itsukushima e maayo Seto nder leydi, rokkaama njeenaari Prix Versailles, hono « suudu defte ɓurndu ŋarɗude e winndere ndee ». Ƴeew kadi Koolol naalankaagal to diiwaan Hiroshima Tuugnorgal 0muuuhazmkqs2wq9g3lrrh8a6p5vgpt 114601 114600 2025-06-30T17:42:19Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Koolol naalankaagal Simose (下瀬美術館, Shimose Bijutsukan) udditaa to Ōtake, e nder diiwaan Hiroshima, Japon e hitaande 2023. Koolol ngol ina waɗi hina e pucci Japon goɗɗi Ryūsei, Leonard Foujita, Yokoyama Taikan, e Kayama Matazō.[3] E lewru Duujal 2024, suudu defte nduu, ndu arsitek biyeteeɗo Shigeru Ban feewni, e nder nokku ina ndaara Itsukushima e maayo Seto nder leydi, rokkaama njeenaari Prix Versailles, hono « suudu defte ɓurndu ŋarɗude e winndere ndee ». Ƴeew kadi Koolol naalankaagal to diiwaan Hiroshima Tuugnorgal<ref name="date">{{cite web|url=https://simose-museum.jp/en/about/|title=About the Museum|publisher=Simose Art Museum|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref> 3mo03uocors5knyaaqcstzt3hk1l96o 114602 114601 2025-06-30T17:43:29Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Koolol naalankaagal Simose (下瀬美術館, Shimose Bijutsukan) udditaa to Ōtake, e nder diiwaan Hiroshima, Japon e hitaande 2023. Koolol ngol ina waɗi hina e pucci Japon goɗɗi Ryūsei, Leonard Foujita, Yokoyama Taikan, e Kayama Matazō.[3] E lewru Duujal 2024, suudu defte nduu, ndu arsitek biyeteeɗo Shigeru Ban feewni, e nder nokku ina ndaara Itsukushima e maayo Seto nder leydi, rokkaama njeenaari Prix Versailles, hono « suudu defte ɓurndu ŋarɗude e winndere ndee ». Ƴeew kadi Koolol naalankaagal to diiwaan Hiroshima Tuugnorgal<ref name="date">{{cite web|url=https://simose-museum.jp/en/about/|title=About the Museum|publisher=Simose Art Museum|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://simose-museum.jp/en/collection/|title=Collection|publisher=Simose Art Museum|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref> 86lwqox1b1m51l63ux3emnvllj84fvz 114603 114602 2025-06-30T17:45:01Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Koolol naalankaagal Simose (下瀬美術館, Shimose Bijutsukan) udditaa to Ōtake, e nder diiwaan Hiroshima, Japon e hitaande 2023. Koolol ngol ina waɗi hina e pucci Japon goɗɗi Ryūsei, Leonard Foujita, Yokoyama Taikan, e Kayama Matazō.[3] E lewru Duujal 2024, suudu defte nduu, ndu arsitek biyeteeɗo Shigeru Ban feewni, e nder nokku ina ndaara Itsukushima e maayo Seto nder leydi, rokkaama njeenaari Prix Versailles, hono « suudu defte ɓurndu ŋarɗude e winndere ndee ». Ƴeew kadi Koolol naalankaagal to diiwaan Hiroshima Tuugnorgal<ref name="date">{{cite web|url=https://simose-museum.jp/en/about/|title=About the Museum|publisher=Simose Art Museum|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://simose-museum.jp/en/collection/|title=Collection|publisher=Simose Art Museum|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://simose-museum.jp/en/collection/|title=Collection|publisher=Simose Art Museum|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref> hc64yskjbg3tkrghlxfln652g1ll1a0 114604 114603 2025-06-30T17:46:41Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Koolol naalankaagal Simose (下瀬美術館, Shimose Bijutsukan) udditaa to Ōtake, e nder diiwaan Hiroshima, Japon e hitaande 2023. Koolol ngol ina waɗi hina e pucci Japon goɗɗi Ryūsei, Leonard Foujita, Yokoyama Taikan, e Kayama Matazō. E lewru Duujal 2024, suudu defte nduu, ndu arsitek biyeteeɗo Shigeru Ban feewni, e nder nokku ina ndaara Itsukushima e maayo Seto nder leydi, rokkaama njeenaari Prix Versailles, hono « suudu defte ɓurndu ŋarɗude e winndere ndee ». Ƴeew kadi Koolol naalankaagal to diiwaan Hiroshima Tuugnorgal<ref name="date">{{cite web|url=https://simose-museum.jp/en/about/|title=About the Museum|publisher=Simose Art Museum|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://simose-museum.jp/en/collection/|title=Collection|publisher=Simose Art Museum|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://simose-museum.jp/en/collection/|title=Collection|publisher=Simose Art Museum|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prix-versailles.com/2024|title=2024|publisher=World Prix Versailles Organization|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref> i2wl8ob2pw0u5pfsm5h234k50w181iw 114605 114604 2025-06-30T17:47:33Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Koolol naalankaagal Simose (下瀬美術館, Shimose Bijutsukan) udditaa to Ōtake, e nder diiwaan Hiroshima, Japon e hitaande 2023. Koolol ngol ina waɗi hina e pucci Japon goɗɗi Ryūsei, Leonard Foujita, Yokoyama Taikan, e Kayama Matazō. E lewru Duujal 2024, suudu defte nduu, ndu arsitek biyeteeɗo Shigeru Ban feewni, e nder nokku ina ndaara Itsukushima e maayo Seto nder leydi, rokkaama njeenaari Prix Versailles, hono « suudu defte ɓurndu ŋarɗude e winndere ndee ». Ƴeew kadi Koolol naalankaagal to diiwaan Hiroshima Tuugnorgal<ref name="date">{{cite web|url=https://simose-museum.jp/en/about/|title=About the Museum|publisher=Simose Art Museum|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://simose-museum.jp/en/collection/|title=Collection|publisher=Simose Art Museum|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://simose-museum.jp/en/collection/|title=Collection|publisher=Simose Art Museum|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.prix-versailles.com/2024|title=2024|publisher=World Prix Versailles Organization|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/15587452|title=Museum in Hiroshima named ‘world’s most beautiful’|author-last=Yamanaka|author-first=Yoshichika|work=[[The Asahi Shimbun]]|date=27 January 2025|access-date=8 February 2025}}</ref> ebn3cm0b7h8lbpm2dp1t2rivpvgziml 0 29825 114606 2025-06-30T18:03:41Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Shiretoko (知床博物館, Shiretoko Hakubutsukan) udditaa to Shari, Hokkaidō, Japon e hitaande 1978 ngam mawninde duuɓi 100 ko minisipaal oo sosaa. Koolol ngol e kollirɗe ɗee ina njokkondiri e daartol tago e aadee e nder duunde Shiretoko. E hitaande 1993, suudu ciftorgol jokkondiral wuro Shari (姉妹町友好都市交樘念館) udditaa sara mum, ina waɗi kollirɗe jowitiiɗe e Taketomi, Hirosaki, e juulde Shiretoko Neputa. Ƴeew kadi Park ngenndiijo Shiretoko Abashiri ko nokku ngenndiijo Parc naturel mo diiwaan Sharidake Doggol nokkuuji tago Japon (Hokkaidō) Aomori Nebuta Matsuri Tuugnorgal scmyfbbjc8dvtvsplqq0qoqmjyyxlen 114607 114606 2025-06-30T18:06:20Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Shiretoko (知床博物館, Shiretoko Hakubutsukan) udditaa to Shari, Hokkaidō, Japon e hitaande 1978 ngam mawninde duuɓi 100 ko minisipaal oo sosaa. Koolol ngol e kollirɗe ɗee ina njokkondiri e daartol tago e aadee e nder duunde Shiretoko. E hitaande 1993, suudu ciftorgol jokkondiral wuro Shari (姉妹町友好都市交樘念館) udditaa sara mum, ina waɗi kollirɗe jowitiiɗe e Taketomi, Hirosaki, e juulde Shiretoko Neputa. Ƴeew kadi Park ngenndiijo Shiretoko Abashiri ko nokku ngenndiijo Parc naturel mo diiwaan Sharidake Doggol nokkuuji tago Japon (Hokkaidō) Aomori Nebuta Matsuri Tuugnorgal.<ref name="Shari">{{cite web|url=https://www.town.shari.hokkaido.jp/05institution/10kyouiku_bunka/sisetsu.html|script-title=ja:教育・文化施設|trans-title=Facilities for Education and Culture|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Shari, Hokkaido|Shari Town]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref> 3r84ytjwnlfael78dpl02bc2yey7d1f 114608 114607 2025-06-30T18:07:16Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Shiretoko (知床博物館, Shiretoko Hakubutsukan) udditaa to Shari, Hokkaidō, Japon e hitaande 1978 ngam mawninde duuɓi 100 ko minisipaal oo sosaa. Koolol ngol e kollirɗe ɗee ina njokkondiri e daartol tago e aadee e nder duunde Shiretoko. E hitaande 1993, suudu ciftorgol jokkondiral wuro Shari (姉妹町友好都市交樘念館) udditaa sara mum, ina waɗi kollirɗe jowitiiɗe e Taketomi, Hirosaki, e juulde Shiretoko Neputa. Ƴeew kadi Park ngenndiijo Shiretoko Abashiri ko nokku ngenndiijo Parc naturel mo diiwaan Sharidake Doggol nokkuuji tago Japon (Hokkaidō) Aomori Nebuta Matsuri Tuugnorgal.<ref name="Shari">{{cite web|url=https://www.town.shari.hokkaido.jp/05institution/10kyouiku_bunka/sisetsu.html|script-title=ja:教育・文化施設|trans-title=Facilities for Education and Culture|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Shari, Hokkaido|Shari Town]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Shiretoko">{{cite web|url=http://shiretoko-museum.mydns.jp/english/english|title=Welcome to Shiretoko Museum|publisher=Shiretoko Museum|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref> 1tsdqc2a9spd6l8ewer7b2616liw6vr 114609 114608 2025-06-30T18:08:18Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum Shiretoko (知床博物館, Shiretoko Hakubutsukan) udditaa to Shari, Hokkaidō, Japon e hitaande 1978 ngam mawninde duuɓi 100 ko minisipaal oo sosaa. Koolol ngol e kollirɗe ɗee ina njokkondiri e daartol tago e aadee e nder duunde Shiretoko. E hitaande 1993, suudu ciftorgol jokkondiral wuro Shari (姉妹町友好都市交樘念館) udditaa sara mum, ina waɗi kollirɗe jowitiiɗe e Taketomi, Hirosaki, e juulde Shiretoko Neputa. Ƴeew kadi Park ngenndiijo Shiretoko Abashiri ko nokku ngenndiijo Parc naturel mo diiwaan Sharidake Doggol nokkuuji tago Japon (Hokkaidō) Aomori Nebuta Matsuri Tuugnorgal.<ref name="Shari">{{cite web|url=https://www.town.shari.hokkaido.jp/05institution/10kyouiku_bunka/sisetsu.html|script-title=ja:教育・文化施設|trans-title=Facilities for Education and Culture|language=Japanese|publisher=[[Shari, Hokkaido|Shari Town]]|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Shiretoko">{{cite web|url=http://shiretoko-museum.mydns.jp/english/english|title=Welcome to Shiretoko Museum|publisher=Shiretoko Museum|accessdate=7 September 2019}}</ref>.<ref name="Shari2" /><ref name="Shiretoko2" /> ephm9tni9lobpmtyky0kdsqkgwbmnrz 0 29826 114610 2025-06-30T18:11:06Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum ciftorgol Siebold (シートト記念館, Shīborrou Kinenkan) udditaa e wuro Nagasaaki ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1989 e teddungal Philip Franz von Siebold e darnde mum e ƴellitaare ganndal kesal to Japon. Mahdi ndii ina hollira e galle mum ɓooyɗo to Leiden, naatirde ndee ina waɗi ko ina wona duuɓi 100, caggal galle mawɗo mawɗo Siebold, Karl Caspar. Musiyum oo hollitii 206 geɗe limtaaɗe e cate jeegom cifotooɗe Von Siebold, duuɓi jeegom e nder Nagasaki, ko wiyetee "kewu Siebold", e golle nguurndam makko e Japon. Ina hollita kadi lekki mum e geɗe mum ko fayti e sariya makko, hono Kusumoto Taki e ɓiyum debbo biyeteeɗo Kusumoto Ine, mo haa jooni wonti doktoor debbo gadano e nder Japon. Lowre Hoɗdunde Siebord Musium oo woni ko e sara nokku Narutaki-juku, duɗal keeringal ngal Siebold sosi e nder wuro Nagasaki e hitaande 1824. Ko ɗum kadi woni kilinik. Narutaki-juku ko galle leɗɗe ɗiɗi, ina waɗi defterdu e nokkuuji goɗɗi, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe ɗe Siebold moofti e nder leydi Japon fof, ina rema e nder jarne. Siebord jannginii fannuuji ganndal keewɗi, haa arti noon e safaara hirnaange e ganndal tago. Ko ɓuri 50 neɗɗo njanngii e Narutaki-juku, ina heen Takano Choei, Itō Genboku e Itō Keisuke. Mahdi ndii yani e hitaande 1894, jooni ko heddii e mum ko ɓulli ɗiɗi, lekki ki Siebold yani. Nokku oo toɗɗaa ko nokku daartol ngenndi e hitaande 1922, e innde "hoɗorde Siebold ɓooynde", hay so tawii noon Siebold wuuraani tigi rigi e ooɗoo nokku, kono o hawri e duɗal ngal ummoraade e Dejima. Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji Taariindi Japon (Nagaasaki) ɗi. References aa6h5mt7aqm38m2pvbwyslmvotsv2ot 114611 114610 2025-06-30T18:13:35Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum ciftorgol Siebold (シートト記念館, Shīborrou Kinenkan) udditaa e wuro Nagasaaki ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1989 e teddungal Philip Franz von Siebold e darnde mum e ƴellitaare ganndal kesal to Japon. Mahdi ndii ina hollira e galle mum ɓooyɗo to Leiden, naatirde ndee ina waɗi ko ina wona duuɓi 100, caggal galle mawɗo mawɗo Siebold, Karl Caspar. Musiyum oo hollitii 206 geɗe limtaaɗe e cate jeegom cifotooɗe Von Siebold, duuɓi jeegom e nder Nagasaki, ko wiyetee "kewu Siebold", e golle nguurndam makko e Japon. Ina hollita kadi lekki mum e geɗe mum ko fayti e sariya makko, hono Kusumoto Taki e ɓiyum debbo biyeteeɗo Kusumoto Ine, mo haa jooni wonti doktoor debbo gadano e nder Japon. Lowre Hoɗdunde Siebord Musium oo woni ko e sara nokku Narutaki-juku, duɗal keeringal ngal Siebold sosi e nder wuro Nagasaki e hitaande 1824. Ko ɗum kadi woni kilinik. Narutaki-juku ko galle leɗɗe ɗiɗi, ina waɗi defterdu e nokkuuji goɗɗi, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe ɗe Siebold moofti e nder leydi Japon fof, ina rema e nder jarne. Siebord jannginii fannuuji ganndal keewɗi, haa arti noon e safaara hirnaange e ganndal tago. Ko ɓuri 50 neɗɗo njanngii e Narutaki-juku, ina heen Takano Choei, Itō Genboku e Itō Keisuke. Mahdi ndii yani e hitaande 1894, jooni ko heddii e mum ko ɓulli ɗiɗi, lekki ki Siebold yani. Nokku oo toɗɗaa ko nokku daartol ngenndi e hitaande 1922, e innde "hoɗorde Siebold ɓooynde", hay so tawii noon Siebold wuuraani tigi rigi e ooɗoo nokku, kono o hawri e duɗal ngal ummoraade e Dejima. Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji Taariindi Japon (Nagaasaki) ɗi. References,<ref name="Bunka1">{{cite web|url=https://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/163991|title=シーボルト宅跡|language=ja|publisher=Agency for Cultural Affairs|accessdate=December 20, 2023}}</ref> qqftl5win1ujy3zmfu24o9rzyj3xa1a 114612 114611 2025-06-30T18:15:02Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum ciftorgol Siebold (シートト記念館, Shīborrou Kinenkan) udditaa e wuro Nagasaaki ñalnde 1 oktoobar 1989 e teddungal Philip Franz von Siebold e darnde mum e ƴellitaare ganndal kesal to Japon. Mahdi ndii ina hollira e galle mum ɓooyɗo to Leiden, naatirde ndee ina waɗi ko ina wona duuɓi 100, caggal galle mawɗo mawɗo Siebold, Karl Caspar. Musiyum oo hollitii 206 geɗe limtaaɗe e cate jeegom cifotooɗe Von Siebold, duuɓi jeegom e nder Nagasaki, ko wiyetee "kewu Siebold", e golle nguurndam makko e Japon. Ina hollita kadi lekki mum e geɗe mum ko fayti e sariya makko, hono Kusumoto Taki e ɓiyum debbo biyeteeɗo Kusumoto Ine, mo haa jooni wonti doktoor debbo gadano e nder Japon. Lowre Hoɗdunde Siebord Musium oo woni ko e sara nokku Narutaki-juku, duɗal keeringal ngal Siebold sosi e nder wuro Nagasaki e hitaande 1824. Ko ɗum kadi woni kilinik. Narutaki-juku ko galle leɗɗe ɗiɗi, ina waɗi defterdu e nokkuuji goɗɗi, e leɗɗe cafrorteeɗe ɗe Siebold moofti e nder leydi Japon fof, ina rema e nder jarne. Siebord jannginii fannuuji ganndal keewɗi, haa arti noon e safaara hirnaange e ganndal tago. Ko ɓuri 50 neɗɗo njanngii e Narutaki-juku, ina heen Takano Choei, Itō Genboku e Itō Keisuke. Mahdi ndii yani e hitaande 1894, jooni ko heddii e mum ko ɓulli ɗiɗi, lekki ki Siebold yani. Nokku oo toɗɗaa ko nokku daartol ngenndi e hitaande 1922, e innde "hoɗorde Siebold ɓooynde", hay so tawii noon Siebold wuuraani tigi rigi e ooɗoo nokku, kono o hawri e duɗal ngal ummoraade e Dejima. Ƴeew kadi Doggol nokkuuji Taariindi Japon (Nagaasaki) ɗi. References,<ref name="Bunka1">{{cite web|url=https://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/163991|title=シーボルト宅跡|language=ja|publisher=Agency for Cultural Affairs|accessdate=December 20, 2023}}</ref>.<ref name="Shiseki">{{cite book|last1=Isomura|first1=Yukio|last2=Sakai|first2=Hideya|title=(国指定史跡事典) National Historic Site Encyclopedia|date=2012|publisher=学生社|isbn=4311750404}}{{in lang|ja}}</ref> p0i37r2jmpk25e0p0piolpmvmv510z4 0 29828 114617 2025-06-30T18:27:11Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musium naalankaagal Showa (昭和美術館 Shōwa Bijitsukan) ko musiyum naalankaagal keeriiɗo, tawaaɗo e nder diiwaan Shiomi, to wuro Shōwa-ku, to leydi Nagoya, to diiwaan Aichi, to leydi Japon. Tariya Koolol ngol ko jom ngalu nokku oo, jibinaaɗo to Gifu, biyeteeɗo Kozo Goto (1881-1977). Musium oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1978. Ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe ɗe seraaji Japon kuutortee kadi ngam kewu teewu Japon, ina heen golle tati toɗɗaaɗe ngam wonde geɗe pinal teeŋtuɗe e golle nay toɗɗaaɗe e geɗe naalankaagal teeŋtuɗe. Ina hoɗi e hoɗorde makko ɓooynde e jarde makko. Ko saraaji mum woni duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nanzan e nokku naalankaagal Kuwayama. Heɓde Gartirgal metro ɓurngal ɓadaade ko Gartirgal Irinaka. Tuugnorgal lh8o6wi3iu99r19uf9h0rns3nnsjr04 114618 114617 2025-06-30T18:29:14Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musium naalankaagal Showa (昭和美術館 Shōwa Bijitsukan) ko musiyum naalankaagal keeriiɗo, tawaaɗo e nder diiwaan Shiomi, to wuro Shōwa-ku, to leydi Nagoya, to diiwaan Aichi, to leydi Japon. Tariya Koolol ngol ko jom ngalu nokku oo, jibinaaɗo to Gifu, biyeteeɗo Kozo Goto (1881-1977). Musium oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1978. Ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe ɗe seraaji Japon kuutortee kadi ngam kewu teewu Japon, ina heen golle tati toɗɗaaɗe ngam wonde geɗe pinal teeŋtuɗe e golle nay toɗɗaaɗe e geɗe naalankaagal teeŋtuɗe. Ina hoɗi e hoɗorde makko ɓooynde e jarde makko. Ko saraaji mum woni duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nanzan e nokku naalankaagal Kuwayama. Heɓde Gartirgal metro ɓurngal ɓadaade ko Gartirgal Irinaka. == Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-museums/showa-museum-art#ixzz4ExFB7qcu|title=The Showa Museum of Art Nagoya &#124; Japan Experience}}</ref> == sfb5my27mojnntd85f69cm9fs6kqclj 114619 114618 2025-06-30T18:30:34Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musium naalankaagal Showa (昭和美術館 Shōwa Bijitsukan) ko musiyum naalankaagal keeriiɗo, tawaaɗo e nder diiwaan Shiomi, to wuro Shōwa-ku, to leydi Nagoya, to diiwaan Aichi, to leydi Japon. Tariya Koolol ngol ko jom ngalu nokku oo, jibinaaɗo to Gifu, biyeteeɗo Kozo Goto (1881-1977). Musium oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1978. Ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe ɗe seraaji Japon kuutortee kadi ngam kewu teewu Japon, ina heen golle tati toɗɗaaɗe ngam wonde geɗe pinal teeŋtuɗe e golle nay toɗɗaaɗe e geɗe naalankaagal teeŋtuɗe. Ina hoɗi e hoɗorde makko ɓooynde e jarde makko. Ko saraaji mum woni duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nanzan e nokku naalankaagal Kuwayama. Heɓde Gartirgal metro ɓurngal ɓadaade ko Gartirgal Irinaka. == Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-museums/showa-museum-art#ixzz4ExFB7qcu|title=The Showa Museum of Art Nagoya &#124; Japan Experience}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-museums/showa-museum-art#ixzz4ExDVpdyv|title=The Showa Museum of Art Nagoya &#124; Japan Experience}}</ref> == 1e3tl3anmtz8tbeu4jtaagqn1zo5s5e 114630 114619 2025-06-30T18:52:25Z Fulani215 7983 Fixed typo 114630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Musium naalankaagal Showa (昭和美術館 Shōwa Bijitsukan) ko musiyum naalankaagal keeriiɗo, tawaaɗo e nder diiwaan Shiomi, to wuro Shōwa-ku, to leydi Nagoya, to diiwaan Aichi, to leydi Japon. ==Tariya== Koolol ngol ko jom ngalu nokku oo, jibinaaɗo to Gifu, biyeteeɗo Kozo Goto (1881-1977). Musium oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1978. Ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe ɗe seraaji Japon kuutortee kadi ngam kewu teewu Japon, ina heen golle tati toɗɗaaɗe ngam wonde geɗe pinal teeŋtuɗe e golle nay toɗɗaaɗe e geɗe naalankaagal teeŋtuɗe.Ina hoɗi e hoɗorde makko ɓooynde e jarde makko.Ko saraaji mum woni duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nanzan e nokku naalankaagal Kuwayama. Heɓde Gartirgal metro ɓurngal ɓadaade ko Gartirgal Irinaka. == Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-museums/showa-museum-art#ixzz4ExFB7qcu|title=The Showa Museum of Art Nagoya &#124; Japan Experience}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-museums/showa-museum-art#ixzz4ExDVpdyv|title=The Showa Museum of Art Nagoya &#124; Japan Experience}}</ref> == oa9sm1ji2szewbxjt8h0jm5vl2v9bil 114631 114630 2025-06-30T18:53:02Z Fulani215 7983 /* Himobe */Fixed typo 114631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Musium naalankaagal Showa (昭和美術館 Shōwa Bijitsukan) ko musiyum naalankaagal keeriiɗo, tawaaɗo e nder diiwaan Shiomi, to wuro Shōwa-ku, to leydi Nagoya, to diiwaan Aichi, to leydi Japon. ==Tariya== Koolol ngol ko jom ngalu nokku oo, jibinaaɗo to Gifu, biyeteeɗo Kozo Goto (1881-1977). Musium oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1978. Ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe ɗe seraaji Japon kuutortee kadi ngam kewu teewu Japon, ina heen golle tati toɗɗaaɗe ngam wonde geɗe pinal teeŋtuɗe e golle nay toɗɗaaɗe e geɗe naalankaagal teeŋtuɗe.Ina hoɗi e hoɗorde makko ɓooynde e jarde makko.Ko saraaji mum woni duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nanzan e nokku naalankaagal Kuwayama. Heɓde Gartirgal metro ɓurngal ɓadaade ko Gartirgal Irinaka. ==Himobe== <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-museums/showa-museum-art#ixzz4ExFB7qcu|title=The Showa Museum of Art Nagoya &#124; Japan Experience}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-museums/showa-museum-art#ixzz4ExDVpdyv|title=The Showa Museum of Art Nagoya &#124; Japan Experience}}</ref> == e64xbp1tfx3ygt9mb2j50deqf6smskf 114636 114631 2025-06-30T18:58:18Z Fulani215 7983 Fixed typo 114636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ''' Musium naalankaagal Showa''' (昭和美術館 Shōwa Bijitsukan) ko musiyum naalankaagal keeriiɗo, tawaaɗo e nder diiwaan Shiomi, to wuro Shōwa-ku, to leydi Nagoya, to diiwaan Aichi, to leydi Japon. ==Tariya== Koolol ngol ko jom ngalu nokku oo, jibinaaɗo to Gifu, biyeteeɗo Kozo Goto (1881-1977). Musium oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1978. Ina waɗi geɗe keewɗe ɗe seraaji Japon kuutortee kadi ngam kewu teewu Japon, ina heen golle tati toɗɗaaɗe ngam wonde geɗe pinal teeŋtuɗe e golle nay toɗɗaaɗe e geɗe naalankaagal teeŋtuɗe.Ina hoɗi e hoɗorde makko ɓooynde e jarde makko.Ko saraaji mum woni duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Nanzan e nokku naalankaagal Kuwayama. Heɓde Gartirgal metro ɓurngal ɓadaade ko Gartirgal Irinaka. ==Himobe== <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-museums/showa-museum-art#ixzz4ExFB7qcu|title=The Showa Museum of Art Nagoya &#124; Japan Experience}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-museums/showa-museum-art#ixzz4ExDVpdyv|title=The Showa Museum of Art Nagoya &#124; Japan Experience}}</ref> == qhrygcfez1o8i59x92l3kjhhpmgase7 0 29829 114620 2025-06-30T18:33:24Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum fotooje Shoji Ueda, ko musium to Hōki, Tottori, Japon, ko kañum tan woni ko hollirta e defde golle fotoowo biyeteeɗo Shoji Ueda. Musium oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1995. Ko ina tolnoo e 12 000 golle Shoji Ueda waɗi. Ko Shin Takamatsu waɗi mahdi ndii. Jokkondire mahdi hakkunde solideeji volumetrik e voids (hono taƴe njuuteendi e nder volume) ina kuutoroo ngam ƴellitde tufnde Daisen. Galle Ƴeew kadi Doggol musiibaaji baɗaaɗi e fotoowo gooto Tuugnorgal kotw45u4hbp8zmeb1qccfjo7c8n0u27 114621 114620 2025-06-30T18:35:23Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum fotooje Shoji Ueda, ko musium to Hōki, Tottori, Japon, ko kañum tan woni ko hollirta e defde golle fotoowo biyeteeɗo Shoji Ueda. Musium oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1995. Ko ina tolnoo e 12 000 golle Shoji Ueda waɗi. Ko Shin Takamatsu waɗi mahdi ndii. Jokkondire mahdi hakkunde solideeji volumetrik e voids (hono taƴe njuuteendi e nder volume) ina kuutoroo ngam ƴellitde tufnde Daisen. Galle.<ref name="NMAA">{{cite web|title=Ueda Shoji (born Sakaiminato, 1913–2000)|url=https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/ueda-shoji/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802040134/https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/ueda-shoji/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2021|website=National Museum of Asian Art|access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref> Ƴeew kadi Doggol musiibaaji baɗaaɗi e fotoowo gooto Tuugnorgal 8o9ztkgf5folr4g9j8xak7ooukoorbh 114622 114621 2025-06-30T18:36:42Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum fotooje Shoji Ueda, ko musium to Hōki, Tottori, Japon, ko kañum tan woni ko hollirta e defde golle fotoowo biyeteeɗo Shoji Ueda. Musium oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1995. Ko ina tolnoo e 12 000 golle Shoji Ueda waɗi. Ko Shin Takamatsu waɗi mahdi ndii. Jokkondire mahdi hakkunde solideeji volumetrik e voids (hono taƴe njuuteendi e nder volume) ina kuutoroo ngam ƴellitde tufnde Daisen. Galle.<ref name="NMAA">{{cite web|title=Ueda Shoji (born Sakaiminato, 1913–2000)|url=https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/ueda-shoji/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802040134/https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/ueda-shoji/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2021|website=National Museum of Asian Art|access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref>.<ref name="ti">{{cite web|title=Shoji Ueda Museum of Photography|url=https://www.tottori-tour.jp/en/sightseeing/858/|website=Tourist Information for Tottori, Japan|access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref> Ƴeew kadi Doggol musiibaaji baɗaaɗi e fotoowo gooto Tuugnorgal r4ls5lnseo32xs3h8istrkups5hjaew 114623 114622 2025-06-30T18:37:37Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Musiyum fotooje Shoji Ueda, ko musium to Hōki, Tottori, Japon, ko kañum tan woni ko hollirta e defde golle fotoowo biyeteeɗo Shoji Ueda. Musium oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1995. Ko ina tolnoo e 12 000 golle Shoji Ueda waɗi. Ko Shin Takamatsu waɗi mahdi ndii. Jokkondire mahdi hakkunde solideeji volumetrik e voids (hono taƴe njuuteendi e nder volume) ina kuutoroo ngam ƴellitde tufnde Daisen. Galle.<ref name="NMAA">{{cite web|title=Ueda Shoji (born Sakaiminato, 1913–2000)|url=https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/ueda-shoji/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802040134/https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/ueda-shoji/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2021|website=National Museum of Asian Art|access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref>.<ref name="ti">{{cite web|title=Shoji Ueda Museum of Photography|url=https://www.tottori-tour.jp/en/sightseeing/858/|website=Tourist Information for Tottori, Japan|access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref>.<ref name="AE">{{cite book|last1=Porter|first1=Tom|title=The Architect's Eye|date=2014|publisher=Taylor and Francis|isbn=9781136744099|pages=90–91|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFN9AwAAQBAJ|access-date=4 August 2022}}</ref> Ƴeew kadi Doggol musiibaaji baɗaaɗi e fotoowo gooto Tuugnorgal 7k9h1xcsfp3gsupodvqlgwv7ti2fmlj 114628 114623 2025-06-30T18:50:28Z Fulani215 7983 Fixed typo 114628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Musiyum fotooje Shoji Ueda, ko musium to Hōki, Tottori, Japon, ko kañum tan woni ko hollirta e defde golle fotoowo biyeteeɗo Shoji Ueda. Musium oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1995. Ko ina tolnoo e 12 000 golle Shoji Ueda waɗi. Ko Shin Takamatsu waɗi mahdi ndii. Jokkondire mahdi hakkunde solideeji volumetrik e voids (hono taƴe njuuteendi e nder volume) ina kuutoroo ngam ƴellitde tufnde Daisen.<ref name="NMAA">{{cite web|title=Ueda Shoji (born Sakaiminato, 1913–2000)|url=https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/ueda-shoji/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802040134/https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/ueda-shoji/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2021|website=National Museum of Asian Art|access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref>.<ref name="ti">{{cite web|title=Shoji Ueda Museum of Photography|url=https://www.tottori-tour.jp/en/sightseeing/858/|website=Tourist Information for Tottori, Japan|access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref>.<ref name="AE">{{cite book|last1=Porter|first1=Tom|title=The Architect's Eye|date=2014|publisher=Taylor and Francis|isbn=9781136744099|pages=90–91|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFN9AwAAQBAJ|access-date=4 August 2022}}</ref>. hpf3aisvqngwi7kw7yg3ygui6dl4wl7 114629 114628 2025-06-30T18:51:02Z Fulani215 7983 Fixed typo 114629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Musiyum fotooje Shoji Ueda, ko musium to Hōki, Tottori, Japon, ko kañum tan woni ko hollirta e defde golle fotoowo biyeteeɗo Shoji Ueda. Musium oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1995. Ko ina tolnoo e 12 000 golle Shoji Ueda waɗi. Ko Shin Takamatsu waɗi mahdi ndii. Jokkondire mahdi hakkunde solideeji volumetrik e voids (hono taƴe njuuteendi e nder volume) ina kuutoroo ngam ƴellitde tufnde Daisen.<ref name="NMAA">{{cite web|title=Ueda Shoji (born Sakaiminato, 1913–2000)|url=https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/ueda-shoji/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802040134/https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/ueda-shoji/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2021|website=National Museum of Asian Art|access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref>.<ref name="ti">{{cite web|title=Shoji Ueda Museum of Photography|url=https://www.tottori-tour.jp/en/sightseeing/858/|website=Tourist Information for Tottori, Japan|access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref>.<ref name="AE">{{cite book|last1=Porter|first1=Tom|title=The Architect's Eye|date=2014|publisher=Taylor and Francis|isbn=9781136744099|pages=90–91|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFN9AwAAQBAJ|access-date=4 August 2022}}</ref>. ==Himobe== ec2ecw550j48mldwm7widg0ub0gowcz 114637 114629 2025-06-30T18:59:31Z Fulani215 7983 Fixed typo 114637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Musiyum fotooje Shoji Ueda''' ko musium to Hōki, Tottori, Japon, ko kañum tan woni ko hollirta e defde golle fotoowo biyeteeɗo Shoji Ueda. Musium oo sosaa ko e hitaande 1995. Ko ina tolnoo e 12 000 golle Shoji Ueda waɗi. Ko Shin Takamatsu waɗi mahdi ndii. Jokkondire mahdi hakkunde solideeji volumetrik e voids (hono taƴe njuuteendi e nder volume) ina kuutoroo ngam ƴellitde tufnde Daisen.<ref name="NMAA">{{cite web|title=Ueda Shoji (born Sakaiminato, 1913–2000)|url=https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/ueda-shoji/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802040134/https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/ueda-shoji/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2021|website=National Museum of Asian Art|access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref>.<ref name="ti">{{cite web|title=Shoji Ueda Museum of Photography|url=https://www.tottori-tour.jp/en/sightseeing/858/|website=Tourist Information for Tottori, Japan|access-date=19 June 2022}}</ref>.<ref name="AE">{{cite book|last1=Porter|first1=Tom|title=The Architect's Eye|date=2014|publisher=Taylor and Francis|isbn=9781136744099|pages=90–91|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFN9AwAAQBAJ|access-date=4 August 2022}}</ref>. ==Himobe== 23fo89w510hqkhtxswa7m9f0zf6oava 0 29831 114841 2025-07-01T07:14:34Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko nokku daartol gonɗo e wuro wiyeteengo Chikuzen, Fukuoka, to leydi Japon. Yiyngo Konu laamɗo Japon ina gollina laana ndiwoowa Tachiarai, ka timminaa e lewru oktoobar 1919. Nokku hakkunde gure Chikuzen e Tachiarai ¥ suɓaama sabu ko kañum wonata nokku ɗo pelle aeroportuuji njahrata e leydi Siin, kadi ko kañum woɗɗi e daande maayo, tee naval egunfire ina metti ɗum. Laana ndiwoowa kaa kadi huutortenoo ko e laanaaji diwooje njulaagu tuggi 1929 haa 1936. Tuggi hedde 1937, keewal nokkuuji konu jokkondirɗi e laanaaji diwooje ɗii ɓeydii, Duɗal diwooje konu Tachiarai wonti gooto e nokkuuji mawɗi ngam heblude piloteeɓe konu. E nder daawal gadanal wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, nde waɗii geɗel gootel e nder reentaade leydi ndii, haa arti noon e heblude piloteeɓe kamikaze, kono nde bonnii e hareeji weeyo ɗi konu Amerik waɗi. Caggal nde wolde ndee joofi, nde woppitaa, nokku oo wayliima wonti leydi ndema, heen feccere wonti nokku ɗo usine Kirin Beer Fukuoka woni ɗoo. E hitaande 1987, jom jawdi en nokku oo soodi galle ɓooyɗo peewnaaɗo e gartirgol Tachiarai Amagi Railway e dow musee mahaaɗo. Koolol njeenaari ndii ko laana ndiwoowa Nakajima Ki-27 ka ɓe keɓi e maayo Hakata. Municipaalitee oo soodi musiiba oo, artiri ɗum bannge rewo laawol ngenndiwal Japon 500 yeeso galle ɓooyɗo oo e hitaande 2008, udditi ɗum kadi e hitaande 2009, o waɗti ɗum musiiba ciftorgol jam wuro Chikuzen Tachiarai. Koolol kesol ngol waɗiraa ko nanndude e nokku ɗo diwooje njolnata, jooni noon ina waɗi Nakajima Ki-27 e Mitsubishi A6M Zero ɗi Fedde Fukuoka, fedde yiɗɓe diwooje rokki. Musiyum oo ina hollita kadi ko ina tolnoo e 1800 geɗe ummoriiɗe e wolde ndee, ina heen geɗe ummoriiɗe e Tachiarai Air Raid e lewru marse 1945. 0op7ohyepxp7uvypra2ok4ey6uspqps 114842 114841 2025-07-01T07:17:02Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko nokku daartol gonɗo e wuro wiyeteengo Chikuzen, Fukuoka, to leydi Japon. Yiyngo Konu laamɗo Japon ina gollina laana ndiwoowa Tachiarai, ka timminaa e lewru oktoobar 1919. Nokku hakkunde gure Chikuzen e Tachiarai ¥ suɓaama sabu ko kañum wonata nokku ɗo pelle aeroportuuji njahrata e leydi Siin, kadi ko kañum woɗɗi e daande maayo, tee naval egunfire ina metti ɗum. Laana ndiwoowa kaa kadi huutortenoo ko e laanaaji diwooje njulaagu tuggi 1929 haa 1936. Tuggi hedde 1937, keewal nokkuuji konu jokkondirɗi e laanaaji diwooje ɗii ɓeydii, Duɗal diwooje konu Tachiarai wonti gooto e nokkuuji mawɗi ngam heblude piloteeɓe konu. E nder daawal gadanal wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, nde waɗii geɗel gootel e nder reentaade leydi ndii, haa arti noon e heblude piloteeɓe kamikaze, kono nde bonnii e hareeji weeyo ɗi konu Amerik waɗi. Caggal nde wolde ndee joofi, nde woppitaa, nokku oo wayliima wonti leydi ndema, heen feccere wonti nokku ɗo usine Kirin Beer Fukuoka woni ɗoo. E hitaande 1987, jom jawdi en nokku oo soodi galle ɓooyɗo peewnaaɗo e gartirgol Tachiarai Amagi Railway e dow musee mahaaɗo. Koolol njeenaari ndii ko laana ndiwoowa Nakajima Ki-27 ka ɓe keɓi e maayo Hakata. Municipaalitee oo soodi musiiba oo, artiri ɗum bannge rewo laawol ngenndiwal Japon 500 yeeso galle ɓooyɗo oo e hitaande 2008, udditi ɗum kadi e hitaande 2009, o waɗti ɗum musiiba ciftorgol jam wuro Chikuzen Tachiarai. Koolol kesol ngol waɗiraa ko nanndude e nokku ɗo diwooje njolnata, jooni noon ina waɗi Nakajima Ki-27 e Mitsubishi A6M Zero ɗi Fedde Fukuoka, fedde yiɗɓe diwooje rokki. Musiyum oo ina hollita kadi ko ina tolnoo e 1800 geɗe ummoriiɗe e wolde ndee, ina heen geɗe ummoriiɗe e Tachiarai Air Raid e lewru marse 1945.Musium oo ina waɗi kadi e kollirgol diwooje Mitsubishi MH2000, e kadi koppi timmuɗi Kyushu J7W Shinden peewnaaɗi ngam huutoraade e filmo Godzilla Minus One 2023. Galle Mitsubishi A6M Zero Mitsubishi A6M Zero Nakajima Ki-27 Nakajima Ki-27 Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) Nastirde Musiyum oo woni ko sara Gare Tachiarai e dow laawol Amagi, ko ina wona waktu gooto e caka Fukuoka. Laana ndiwoowa ina hollira Mitsubishi A6M3 Type 0 Model 32 (Zero gooto tan wuuri e ndeeɗoo limoore moodel keeriiɗo, seertuɗo e moodeluuji Zero goɗɗi ɗii e baagal mum ɓuuɓngal) Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e 1:1 kuutorteeɗo e filmo 2023 biyeteeɗo Godzilla Minus One)[8][9] Nakajima Ki-27 (laana ndiwoowa tan heddii e ooɗoo sifaa)[10]. Koolaaɗo kuuɓal T-33 Ƴeew kadi Laana ndiwoowa konu Tachiarai Doggol musiibaaji aerospace Musiyum jam Chiran ngam piloteeɓe kamikaze == TuugnorgalMusium oo ina waɗi kadi e kollirgol diwooje Mitsubishi MH2000, e kadi koppi timmuɗi Kyushu J7W Shinden peewnaaɗi ngam huutoraade e filmo Godzilla Minus One 2023. == == Galle == == Mitsubishi A6M Zero == == Mitsubishi A6M Zero == == Nakajima Ki-27 == == Nakajima Ki-27 == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) == == Nastirde == == Musiyum oo woni ko sara Gare Tachiarai e dow laawol Amagi, ko ina wona waktu gooto e caka Fukuoka. == == Laana ndiwoowa ina hollira == == Mitsubishi A6M3 Type 0 Model 32 (Zero gooto tan wuuri e ndeeɗoo limoore moodel keeriiɗo, seertuɗo e moodeluuji Zero goɗɗi ɗii e baagal mum ɓuuɓngal) == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e 1:1 kuutorteeɗo e filmo 2023 biyeteeɗo Godzilla Minus One)[8][9] == == Nakajima Ki-27 (laana ndiwoowa tan heddii e ooɗoo sifaa)[10]. == == Koolaaɗo kuuɓal T-33 == == Ƴeew kadi == == Laana ndiwoowa konu Tachiarai == == Doggol musiibaaji aerospace == == Musiyum jam Chiran ngam piloteeɓe kamikaze == == Tuugnorgal == 4ygpytg3tpr0bllkxgt6nbvm013vgmd 114843 114842 2025-07-01T07:19:03Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko nokku daartol gonɗo e wuro wiyeteengo Chikuzen, Fukuoka, to leydi Japon. Yiyngo Konu laamɗo Japon ina gollina laana ndiwoowa Tachiarai, ka timminaa e lewru oktoobar 1919. Nokku hakkunde gure Chikuzen e Tachiarai ¥ suɓaama sabu ko kañum wonata nokku ɗo pelle aeroportuuji njahrata e leydi Siin, kadi ko kañum woɗɗi e daande maayo, tee naval egunfire ina metti ɗum. Laana ndiwoowa kaa kadi huutortenoo ko e laanaaji diwooje njulaagu tuggi 1929 haa 1936. Tuggi hedde 1937, keewal nokkuuji konu jokkondirɗi e laanaaji diwooje ɗii ɓeydii, Duɗal diwooje konu Tachiarai wonti gooto e nokkuuji mawɗi ngam heblude piloteeɓe konu. E nder daawal gadanal wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, nde waɗii geɗel gootel e nder reentaade leydi ndii, haa arti noon e heblude piloteeɓe kamikaze, kono nde bonnii e hareeji weeyo ɗi konu Amerik waɗi. Caggal nde wolde ndee joofi, nde woppitaa, nokku oo wayliima wonti leydi ndema, heen feccere wonti nokku ɗo usine Kirin Beer Fukuoka woni ɗoo. E hitaande 1987, jom jawdi en nokku oo soodi galle ɓooyɗo peewnaaɗo e gartirgol Tachiarai Amagi Railway e dow musee mahaaɗo. Koolol njeenaari ndii ko laana ndiwoowa Nakajima Ki-27 ka ɓe keɓi e maayo Hakata. Municipaalitee oo soodi musiiba oo, artiri ɗum bannge rewo laawol ngenndiwal Japon 500 yeeso galle ɓooyɗo oo e hitaande 2008, udditi ɗum kadi e hitaande 2009, o waɗti ɗum musiiba ciftorgol jam wuro Chikuzen Tachiarai. Koolol kesol ngol waɗiraa ko nanndude e nokku ɗo diwooje njolnata, jooni noon ina waɗi Nakajima Ki-27 e Mitsubishi A6M Zero ɗi Fedde Fukuoka, fedde yiɗɓe diwooje rokki. Musiyum oo ina hollita kadi ko ina tolnoo e 1800 geɗe ummoriiɗe e wolde ndee, ina heen geɗe ummoriiɗe e Tachiarai Air Raid e lewru marse 1945.Musium oo ina waɗi kadi e kollirgol diwooje Mitsubishi MH2000, e kadi koppi timmuɗi Kyushu J7W Shinden peewnaaɗi ngam huutoraade e filmo Godzilla Minus One 2023. Galle Mitsubishi A6M Zero Mitsubishi A6M Zero Nakajima Ki-27 Nakajima Ki-27 Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) Nastirde Musiyum oo woni ko sara Gare Tachiarai e dow laawol Amagi, ko ina wona waktu gooto e caka Fukuoka. Laana ndiwoowa ina hollira Mitsubishi A6M3 Type 0 Model 32 (Zero gooto tan wuuri e ndeeɗoo limoore moodel keeriiɗo, seertuɗo e moodeluuji Zero goɗɗi ɗii e baagal mum ɓuuɓngal) Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e 1:1 kuutorteeɗo e filmo 2023 biyeteeɗo Godzilla Minus One)[8][9] Nakajima Ki-27 (laana ndiwoowa tan heddii e ooɗoo sifaa)[10]. Koolaaɗo kuuɓal T-33 Ƴeew kadi Laana ndiwoowa konu Tachiarai Doggol musiibaaji aerospace Musiyum jam Chiran ngam piloteeɓe kamikaze == TuugnorgalMusium oo ina waɗi kadi e kollirgol diwooje Mitsubishi MH2000, e kadi koppi timmuɗi Kyushu J7W Shinden peewnaaɗi ngam huutoraade e filmo Godzilla Minus One 2023. == == Galle == == Mitsubishi A6M Zero == == Mitsubishi A6M Zero == == Nakajima Ki-27 == == Nakajima Ki-27 == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) == == Nastirde == == Musiyum oo woni ko sara Gare Tachiarai e dow laawol Amagi, ko ina wona waktu gooto e caka Fukuoka. == == Laana ndiwoowa ina hollira == == Mitsubishi A6M3 Type 0 Model 32 (Zero gooto tan wuuri e ndeeɗoo limoore moodel keeriiɗo, seertuɗo e moodeluuji Zero goɗɗi ɗii e baagal mum ɓuuɓngal) == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e 1:1 kuutorteeɗo e filmo 2023 biyeteeɗo Godzilla Minus One)[8][9] == == Nakajima Ki-27 (laana ndiwoowa tan heddii e ooɗoo sifaa)[10]. == == Koolaaɗo kuuɓal T-33 == == Ƴeew kadi == == Laana ndiwoowa konu Tachiarai == == Doggol musiibaaji aerospace == == Musiyum jam Chiran ngam piloteeɓe kamikaze == == Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kamikazeimages.net/museums/tachiarai/index.htm|title=Tachiarai Peace Museum|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> == 5aq5x20jstllfd4v9le3lhgt7b1y0iq 114844 114843 2025-07-01T07:20:24Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko nokku daartol gonɗo e wuro wiyeteengo Chikuzen, Fukuoka, to leydi Japon. Yiyngo Konu laamɗo Japon ina gollina laana ndiwoowa Tachiarai, ka timminaa e lewru oktoobar 1919. Nokku hakkunde gure Chikuzen e Tachiarai ¥ suɓaama sabu ko kañum wonata nokku ɗo pelle aeroportuuji njahrata e leydi Siin, kadi ko kañum woɗɗi e daande maayo, tee naval egunfire ina metti ɗum. Laana ndiwoowa kaa kadi huutortenoo ko e laanaaji diwooje njulaagu tuggi 1929 haa 1936. Tuggi hedde 1937, keewal nokkuuji konu jokkondirɗi e laanaaji diwooje ɗii ɓeydii, Duɗal diwooje konu Tachiarai wonti gooto e nokkuuji mawɗi ngam heblude piloteeɓe konu. E nder daawal gadanal wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, nde waɗii geɗel gootel e nder reentaade leydi ndii, haa arti noon e heblude piloteeɓe kamikaze, kono nde bonnii e hareeji weeyo ɗi konu Amerik waɗi. Caggal nde wolde ndee joofi, nde woppitaa, nokku oo wayliima wonti leydi ndema, heen feccere wonti nokku ɗo usine Kirin Beer Fukuoka woni ɗoo. E hitaande 1987, jom jawdi en nokku oo soodi galle ɓooyɗo peewnaaɗo e gartirgol Tachiarai Amagi Railway e dow musee mahaaɗo. Koolol njeenaari ndii ko laana ndiwoowa Nakajima Ki-27 ka ɓe keɓi e maayo Hakata. Municipaalitee oo soodi musiiba oo, artiri ɗum bannge rewo laawol ngenndiwal Japon 500 yeeso galle ɓooyɗo oo e hitaande 2008, udditi ɗum kadi e hitaande 2009, o waɗti ɗum musiiba ciftorgol jam wuro Chikuzen Tachiarai. Koolol kesol ngol waɗiraa ko nanndude e nokku ɗo diwooje njolnata, jooni noon ina waɗi Nakajima Ki-27 e Mitsubishi A6M Zero ɗi Fedde Fukuoka, fedde yiɗɓe diwooje rokki. Musiyum oo ina hollita kadi ko ina tolnoo e 1800 geɗe ummoriiɗe e wolde ndee, ina heen geɗe ummoriiɗe e Tachiarai Air Raid e lewru marse 1945.Musium oo ina waɗi kadi e kollirgol diwooje Mitsubishi MH2000, e kadi koppi timmuɗi Kyushu J7W Shinden peewnaaɗi ngam huutoraade e filmo Godzilla Minus One 2023. Galle Mitsubishi A6M Zero Mitsubishi A6M Zero Nakajima Ki-27 Nakajima Ki-27 Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) Nastirde Musiyum oo woni ko sara Gare Tachiarai e dow laawol Amagi, ko ina wona waktu gooto e caka Fukuoka. Laana ndiwoowa ina hollira Mitsubishi A6M3 Type 0 Model 32 (Zero gooto tan wuuri e ndeeɗoo limoore moodel keeriiɗo, seertuɗo e moodeluuji Zero goɗɗi ɗii e baagal mum ɓuuɓngal) Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e 1:1 kuutorteeɗo e filmo 2023 biyeteeɗo Godzilla Minus One)[8][9] Nakajima Ki-27 (laana ndiwoowa tan heddii e ooɗoo sifaa)[10]. Koolaaɗo kuuɓal T-33 Ƴeew kadi Laana ndiwoowa konu Tachiarai Doggol musiibaaji aerospace Musiyum jam Chiran ngam piloteeɓe kamikaze == TuugnorgalMusium oo ina waɗi kadi e kollirgol diwooje Mitsubishi MH2000, e kadi koppi timmuɗi Kyushu J7W Shinden peewnaaɗi ngam huutoraade e filmo Godzilla Minus One 2023. == == Galle == == Mitsubishi A6M Zero == == Mitsubishi A6M Zero == == Nakajima Ki-27 == == Nakajima Ki-27 == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) == == Nastirde == == Musiyum oo woni ko sara Gare Tachiarai e dow laawol Amagi, ko ina wona waktu gooto e caka Fukuoka. == == Laana ndiwoowa ina hollira == == Mitsubishi A6M3 Type 0 Model 32 (Zero gooto tan wuuri e ndeeɗoo limoore moodel keeriiɗo, seertuɗo e moodeluuji Zero goɗɗi ɗii e baagal mum ɓuuɓngal) == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e 1:1 kuutorteeɗo e filmo 2023 biyeteeɗo Godzilla Minus One)[8][9] == == Nakajima Ki-27 (laana ndiwoowa tan heddii e ooɗoo sifaa)[10]. == == Koolaaɗo kuuɓal T-33 == == Ƴeew kadi == == Laana ndiwoowa konu Tachiarai == == Doggol musiibaaji aerospace == == Musiyum jam Chiran ngam piloteeɓe kamikaze == == Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kamikazeimages.net/museums/tachiarai/index.htm|title=Tachiarai Peace Museum|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Professor shares memories of kamikaze brother and their mother’s devotion|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/08/07/national/professor-shares-memories-kamikaze-brother-mothers-devotion/#.W1W8rS2B2i4|work=[[Japan Times]]|date=August 7, 2014|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> == owk6t1vvgcgkik4pcv9xa8pcsh3pt2a 114845 114844 2025-07-01T07:22:00Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko nokku daartol gonɗo e wuro wiyeteengo Chikuzen, Fukuoka, to leydi Japon. Yiyngo Konu laamɗo Japon ina gollina laana ndiwoowa Tachiarai, ka timminaa e lewru oktoobar 1919. Nokku hakkunde gure Chikuzen e Tachiarai ¥ suɓaama sabu ko kañum wonata nokku ɗo pelle aeroportuuji njahrata e leydi Siin, kadi ko kañum woɗɗi e daande maayo, tee naval egunfire ina metti ɗum. Laana ndiwoowa kaa kadi huutortenoo ko e laanaaji diwooje njulaagu tuggi 1929 haa 1936. Tuggi hedde 1937, keewal nokkuuji konu jokkondirɗi e laanaaji diwooje ɗii ɓeydii, Duɗal diwooje konu Tachiarai wonti gooto e nokkuuji mawɗi ngam heblude piloteeɓe konu. E nder daawal gadanal wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, nde waɗii geɗel gootel e nder reentaade leydi ndii, haa arti noon e heblude piloteeɓe kamikaze, kono nde bonnii e hareeji weeyo ɗi konu Amerik waɗi. Caggal nde wolde ndee joofi, nde woppitaa, nokku oo wayliima wonti leydi ndema, heen feccere wonti nokku ɗo usine Kirin Beer Fukuoka woni ɗoo. E hitaande 1987, jom jawdi en nokku oo soodi galle ɓooyɗo peewnaaɗo e gartirgol Tachiarai Amagi Railway e dow musee mahaaɗo. Koolol njeenaari ndii ko laana ndiwoowa Nakajima Ki-27 ka ɓe keɓi e maayo Hakata. Municipaalitee oo soodi musiiba oo, artiri ɗum bannge rewo laawol ngenndiwal Japon 500 yeeso galle ɓooyɗo oo e hitaande 2008, udditi ɗum kadi e hitaande 2009, o waɗti ɗum musiiba ciftorgol jam wuro Chikuzen Tachiarai. Koolol kesol ngol waɗiraa ko nanndude e nokku ɗo diwooje njolnata, jooni noon ina waɗi Nakajima Ki-27 e Mitsubishi A6M Zero ɗi Fedde Fukuoka, fedde yiɗɓe diwooje rokki. Musiyum oo ina hollita kadi ko ina tolnoo e 1800 geɗe ummoriiɗe e wolde ndee, ina heen geɗe ummoriiɗe e Tachiarai Air Raid e lewru marse 1945.Musium oo ina waɗi kadi e kollirgol diwooje Mitsubishi MH2000, e kadi koppi timmuɗi Kyushu J7W Shinden peewnaaɗi ngam huutoraade e filmo Godzilla Minus One 2023. Galle Mitsubishi A6M Zero Mitsubishi A6M Zero Nakajima Ki-27 Nakajima Ki-27 Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) Nastirde Musiyum oo woni ko sara Gare Tachiarai e dow laawol Amagi, ko ina wona waktu gooto e caka Fukuoka. Laana ndiwoowa ina hollira Mitsubishi A6M3 Type 0 Model 32 (Zero gooto tan wuuri e ndeeɗoo limoore moodel keeriiɗo, seertuɗo e moodeluuji Zero goɗɗi ɗii e baagal mum ɓuuɓngal) Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e 1:1 kuutorteeɗo e filmo 2023 biyeteeɗo Godzilla Minus One)[8][9] Nakajima Ki-27 (laana ndiwoowa tan heddii e ooɗoo sifaa)[10]. Koolaaɗo kuuɓal T-33 Ƴeew kadi Laana ndiwoowa konu Tachiarai Doggol musiibaaji aerospace Musiyum jam Chiran ngam piloteeɓe kamikaze == TuugnorgalMusium oo ina waɗi kadi e kollirgol diwooje Mitsubishi MH2000, e kadi koppi timmuɗi Kyushu J7W Shinden peewnaaɗi ngam huutoraade e filmo Godzilla Minus One 2023. == == Galle == == Mitsubishi A6M Zero == == Mitsubishi A6M Zero == == Nakajima Ki-27 == == Nakajima Ki-27 == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) == == Nastirde == == Musiyum oo woni ko sara Gare Tachiarai e dow laawol Amagi, ko ina wona waktu gooto e caka Fukuoka. == == Laana ndiwoowa ina hollira == == Mitsubishi A6M3 Type 0 Model 32 (Zero gooto tan wuuri e ndeeɗoo limoore moodel keeriiɗo, seertuɗo e moodeluuji Zero goɗɗi ɗii e baagal mum ɓuuɓngal) == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e 1:1 kuutorteeɗo e filmo 2023 biyeteeɗo Godzilla Minus One)[8][9] == == Nakajima Ki-27 (laana ndiwoowa tan heddii e ooɗoo sifaa)[10]. == == Koolaaɗo kuuɓal T-33 == == Ƴeew kadi == == Laana ndiwoowa konu Tachiarai == == Doggol musiibaaji aerospace == == Musiyum jam Chiran ngam piloteeɓe kamikaze == == Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kamikazeimages.net/museums/tachiarai/index.htm|title=Tachiarai Peace Museum|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Professor shares memories of kamikaze brother and their mother’s devotion|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/08/07/national/professor-shares-memories-kamikaze-brother-mothers-devotion/#.W1W8rS2B2i4|work=[[Japan Times]]|date=August 7, 2014|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last=Burke|first=Matthew|date=December 2, 2014|title=Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots|url=https://okinawa.stripes.com/news/chiran-peace-museum-kamikaze-pilots|work=[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]]|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> == atinr5ygpceszqssiz680f555f61yld 114846 114845 2025-07-01T07:23:20Z Ilya Discuss 10103 #1Lib1RefNG#1Lib1Ref 114846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Ko nokku daartol gonɗo e wuro wiyeteengo Chikuzen, Fukuoka, to leydi Japon. Yiyngo Konu laamɗo Japon ina gollina laana ndiwoowa Tachiarai, ka timminaa e lewru oktoobar 1919. Nokku hakkunde gure Chikuzen e Tachiarai ¥ suɓaama sabu ko kañum wonata nokku ɗo pelle aeroportuuji njahrata e leydi Siin, kadi ko kañum woɗɗi e daande maayo, tee naval egunfire ina metti ɗum. Laana ndiwoowa kaa kadi huutortenoo ko e laanaaji diwooje njulaagu tuggi 1929 haa 1936. Tuggi hedde 1937, keewal nokkuuji konu jokkondirɗi e laanaaji diwooje ɗii ɓeydii, Duɗal diwooje konu Tachiarai wonti gooto e nokkuuji mawɗi ngam heblude piloteeɓe konu. E nder daawal gadanal wolde adunaare ɗiɗmere, nde waɗii geɗel gootel e nder reentaade leydi ndii, haa arti noon e heblude piloteeɓe kamikaze, kono nde bonnii e hareeji weeyo ɗi konu Amerik waɗi. Caggal nde wolde ndee joofi, nde woppitaa, nokku oo wayliima wonti leydi ndema, heen feccere wonti nokku ɗo usine Kirin Beer Fukuoka woni ɗoo. E hitaande 1987, jom jawdi en nokku oo soodi galle ɓooyɗo peewnaaɗo e gartirgol Tachiarai Amagi Railway e dow musee mahaaɗo. Koolol njeenaari ndii ko laana ndiwoowa Nakajima Ki-27 ka ɓe keɓi e maayo Hakata. Municipaalitee oo soodi musiiba oo, artiri ɗum bannge rewo laawol ngenndiwal Japon 500 yeeso galle ɓooyɗo oo e hitaande 2008, udditi ɗum kadi e hitaande 2009, o waɗti ɗum musiiba ciftorgol jam wuro Chikuzen Tachiarai. Koolol kesol ngol waɗiraa ko nanndude e nokku ɗo diwooje njolnata, jooni noon ina waɗi Nakajima Ki-27 e Mitsubishi A6M Zero ɗi Fedde Fukuoka, fedde yiɗɓe diwooje rokki. Musiyum oo ina hollita kadi ko ina tolnoo e 1800 geɗe ummoriiɗe e wolde ndee, ina heen geɗe ummoriiɗe e Tachiarai Air Raid e lewru marse 1945.Musium oo ina waɗi kadi e kollirgol diwooje Mitsubishi MH2000, e kadi koppi timmuɗi Kyushu J7W Shinden peewnaaɗi ngam huutoraade e filmo Godzilla Minus One 2023. Galle Mitsubishi A6M Zero Mitsubishi A6M Zero Nakajima Ki-27 Nakajima Ki-27 Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) Nastirde Musiyum oo woni ko sara Gare Tachiarai e dow laawol Amagi, ko ina wona waktu gooto e caka Fukuoka. Laana ndiwoowa ina hollira Mitsubishi A6M3 Type 0 Model 32 (Zero gooto tan wuuri e ndeeɗoo limoore moodel keeriiɗo, seertuɗo e moodeluuji Zero goɗɗi ɗii e baagal mum ɓuuɓngal) Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e 1:1 kuutorteeɗo e filmo 2023 biyeteeɗo Godzilla Minus One)[8][9] Nakajima Ki-27 (laana ndiwoowa tan heddii e ooɗoo sifaa)[10]. Koolaaɗo kuuɓal T-33 Ƴeew kadi Laana ndiwoowa konu Tachiarai Doggol musiibaaji aerospace Musiyum jam Chiran ngam piloteeɓe kamikaze == TuugnorgalMusium oo ina waɗi kadi e kollirgol diwooje Mitsubishi MH2000, e kadi koppi timmuɗi Kyushu J7W Shinden peewnaaɗi ngam huutoraade e filmo Godzilla Minus One 2023. == == Galle == == Mitsubishi A6M Zero == == Mitsubishi A6M Zero == == Nakajima Ki-27 == == Nakajima Ki-27 == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e mum) == == Nastirde == == Musiyum oo woni ko sara Gare Tachiarai e dow laawol Amagi, ko ina wona waktu gooto e caka Fukuoka. == == Laana ndiwoowa ina hollira == == Mitsubishi A6M3 Type 0 Model 32 (Zero gooto tan wuuri e ndeeɗoo limoore moodel keeriiɗo, seertuɗo e moodeluuji Zero goɗɗi ɗii e baagal mum ɓuuɓngal) == == Kyushu J7W Shinden (ko nanndi e 1:1 kuutorteeɗo e filmo 2023 biyeteeɗo Godzilla Minus One)[8][9] == == Nakajima Ki-27 (laana ndiwoowa tan heddii e ooɗoo sifaa)[10]. == == Koolaaɗo kuuɓal T-33 == == Ƴeew kadi == == Laana ndiwoowa konu Tachiarai == == Doggol musiibaaji aerospace == == Musiyum jam Chiran ngam piloteeɓe kamikaze == == Tuugnorgal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kamikazeimages.net/museums/tachiarai/index.htm|title=Tachiarai Peace Museum|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Professor shares memories of kamikaze brother and their mother’s devotion|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/08/07/national/professor-shares-memories-kamikaze-brother-mothers-devotion/#.W1W8rS2B2i4|work=[[Japan Times]]|date=August 7, 2014|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last=Burke|first=Matthew|date=December 2, 2014|title=Chiran Peace Museum for Kamikaze Pilots|url=https://okinawa.stripes.com/news/chiran-peace-museum-kamikaze-pilots|work=[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]]|access-date=July 23, 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|last1=Watanabe|first1=Junko|title=Replica of famed Shinden wartime fighter finally graces museum|url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14672495|access-date=19 March 2025|work=Asahi Shmbum|date=1 August 2022}}</ref> == lkz5ahbx8hhgqood90mllinexph0ux1